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LEARNING OUTCOMES:
At the end of this lesson, the student will be able to:
1. design and investigate timber beams
2. identify different types of Philippine Timbers to be used in a structure
COVERAGE:
1. Structural Introduction of Timber Structures
2. Philippine Timbers
3. Structural Design and Investigation of Timber Structures
OBJECTIVES:
1. To design and investigate timber beams
2. To identify different types of Philippine Timbers to be used in a structure
According to NSCP 2015 pages 6-29 to 6-31 (TAB 1), the structural timber of Philippine woods are
divided into four groups as listed in the table below. The table below is only used for 80% stress grade.
Group 1 is the best but expensive group of Philippine timber.
Far Eastern University MIDYEAR TERM 2023
Institute of Architecture and Fine Arts
___________________________________________________________________________
TAB 1
Far Eastern University MIDYEAR TERM 2023
Institute of Architecture and Fine Arts
___________________________________________________________________________
The table below (TAB 2) is a list of relative densities of each structural timber taken from NSCP 2015.
TAB 2
Mc
fb = I
d
For rectangular section only
6M
fb = b d2
b d3
I = for rectangular shape
12
π D4
I = for circular shape
64
Far Eastern University MIDYEAR TERM 2023
Institute of Architecture and Fine Arts
___________________________________________________________________________
2) SHEARING STRESS
General Formula
VQ
fv = Ib
3V
fv =
2bd
3) DEFLECTION
L
δallowable = 240 for dead load and live load consideration
For uniformly distributed load throughout the entire simply supported beam
5 w L4 2
wL
δ = M = wL V = 2
384 EI 8
3
PL PL P
δ = 48 EI
M = 4 V = 2
PROBLEM 1.
Determine the maximum bending stress, shearing stress and deflection of Molave (80% grade) beam shown
using service dead load of 80.50 kN/m and service live load of 20.80 kN/m. Use LRFD.
200 mm
w 500 mm
3.70 m
ww = 6.77 kN/m3
wB = 0.68 kN/m
D = 81.18 kN/m
w = 1.2D + 1.6L
w = 130.70 kN/m
2
M =
w L2 = 130.70(3.70) = 223.66 kN.m from formulas
8 8
wL 130.70(3.70)
V = = = 241.80 kN
2 2
3 3
bd 200(500)
I = = = 2 083 333 333 mm4
12 12
6M 6 ( 223.66 ) (1000)2
fb = 2 = = 26.84 MPa ANSWER
bd 200(500)2
3V 3 (241.80 ) (1000)
fv = = = 3.63 MPa ANSWER
2bd 2 ( 200 )(500)
Far Eastern University MIDYEAR TERM 2023
Institute of Architecture and Fine Arts
___________________________________________________________________________
PROBLEM 2.
Determine the total weight per load and the length of a Lingo-lingo (80% stress grade) beam. Neglect
deflection. The size of the beam is 100 mm x 300 mm.
100 mm
W 300 mm
fb = 13.20 MPa
fv = 1.66 MPa
w L2
M = = 0.125 wL2
8
wL
V = = 0.50 wL
2
6M
fb =
b d2
13.2 = 6 ( 0.125 w L2 ) ¿ ¿
3V
fv =
2bd
3 ( 0.50 wL ) (1000)
1.66 =
2 ( 100 ) (300)
Far Eastern University MIDYEAR TERM 2023
Institute of Architecture and Fine Arts
___________________________________________________________________________
w L2 158.40
=
wL 66.40
L = 2.39 m ANSWER
Substitute L to eq. 2
wL = 66.40
w (2.39) = 66.40
PROBLEM 3.
Check the adequacy of Liusin (80% stress grade) using ASD. Neglect deflection.
PD = 4 kN PL = 5 kN wD = 10 kN/m wL = 8 kN/m
PL PD
1m 1m 1m 300 mm
w 400 mm
R1 R2
fb = 25 MPa
fv = 2.64 MPa
wL = 8 kN/m
Far Eastern University MIDYEAR TERM 2023
Institute of Architecture and Fine Arts
___________________________________________________________________________
PL = 5 kN
PD = 4 kN
[ƩM1 = 0] +
R2 = 32.73 kN
[ƩFv = 0] +
R1 = 33.06 kN
5 kN 4 kN
1m 1m 1m
18.93 kN/m
R1 R2
33.06
14.13
V (kN) 9.13
0.48 m
9.8
13.8
25.79 32.73
23.6 23.24
M (kN.m)
V = 33.06 kN
Far Eastern University MIDYEAR TERM 2023
Institute of Architecture and Fine Arts
___________________________________________________________________________
M = 25.79 kN.m
2
6M 6 ( 25.79 ) (1000)
fb = =
b d2 300 (400)2
3V 3 (33.06 ) (1000)
fv = =
2bd 2 ( 300 ) (400)
PROBLEM 4.
Determine the unfactored concentrated dead load at the midspan of the beam shown. The wood to
be used is Sasalit (80% stress grade). The unfactored service dead load is 7 kn/m while the unfactored
service live load is 3 kN/m. Use LRFD
PD
2m 2m
Fb = 31.30 MPa
Far Eastern University MIDYEAR TERM 2023
Institute of Architecture and Fine Arts
___________________________________________________________________________
Fv = 3.38 MPa
35720
wB = 8.83 [ 2 ] = 0.32 kN/m
(1000)
wL = 3 kN/m
PD = 1.2 P P= ?
wL PD 13.58(4 ) 1.2 P
V = + = + = 27.16 + 0.6 P
2 2 2 2
For bending or flexural stress: we will be using the general formula since the beam is not a solid rectangle
d 311
c = = = 155.50 mm
2 2
3 3 3 3
bd bd 235(311) 159(235)
I = Isolid - Ihole = [ ]solid - [ ]hole = -
12 12 12 12
I = 417114346.7 mm4
Mc
fb =
I
Far Eastern University MIDYEAR TERM 2023
Institute of Architecture and Fine Arts
___________________________________________________________________________
( 27.16+1.2 P )(1000)2 (155.50)
31.30 =
417 114 346.7
P = 47.33 kN
For shearing stress: we will be using the general formula since the beam is not a solid rectangle. To find
statical moment Q consider upper half of the section from neutral axis to the uppermost fiber. The dashed line is
the neutral axis.
238 mm
38 mm
311
- 38 = 117.5 mm
2
38 mm 38 mm
38 117.5
Q = A y = 238 (38) (117.5 + ) + 2 (117.5) (38) ( )
2 2
Q = 1 743 582.5 mm3
b = 2 (38) = 76 mm
VQ
fv =
Ib
( 27.16+0.6 P ) ( 1000 ) (1743 582.5)
3.38 =
417 114 346.7 (76)
P = 57.15 kN
For deflection:
L 4 (1000)
δallowable = = = 16.67 mm
240 240
5w L
4
P D L3
δ = +
384 EI 48 EI
4 4
5 ( 13.58 )(4) (1000) 3
1.2 P( 4) (1000)
4
16.67 = +
384 ( 9.72 x 10 ) ( 417 114 346.7)
3
48¿ ¿
P = 14.13 kN
NOTE: There are three values of P. Since we are considering the safe value of the loads, then the critical
value is the least.