Far Eastern University

Institute of Architecture and Fine Arts

___________________________________________________________________________

LECTURE READING 15: STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF

TIMBER STRUCTURES
According to NSCP 2015 pages 6-29 to 6-31 (TAB 1), the structural timber of Philippine woods
are divided into four groups as listed in the table below. The table below is only used for 80% stress
grade. Group 1 is the best but expensive group of Philippine timber.

TAB 1
 Far Eastern University
Institute of Architecture and Fine Arts
___________________________________________________________________________

The table below (TAB 2) is a list of relative densities of each structural timber taken from NSCP
2015.

TAB 2

FACTORS THAT AFFECT THE ANALYSIS OF TIMBER STRUCTURES

1) BENDING OR FLEXURAL STRESS

b
General Formula

𝑴𝒄
fb =
𝑰
d
For rectangular section only

𝟔𝑴
fb =
𝒃𝒅𝟐

where: fb = bending or flexural stress

M = maximum moment
c = distance between the neutral axis to the extrememost fiber
I = moment of inertia

𝒃𝒅𝟐
I = for rectangular shape
𝟏𝟐

𝝅𝑫𝟒
I = for circular shape
𝟔𝟒
 Far Eastern University
Institute of Architecture and Fine Arts
___________________________________________________________________________

2) SHEARING STRESS

General Formula

𝑽𝑸
fv =
𝑰𝒃

For rectangular shape only

𝟑 𝑽
fv = 𝟐 𝒃𝒅

where: fv = shearing stress

V = maximum shear
Q = statical moment
= A 𝑦1
b = intersection of the neutral axis to the section itself

3) DEFLECTION

𝑳
δallowable = 𝟐𝟒𝟎
for dead load and live load consideration

For uniformly distributed load throughout the entire simply supported beam

4 5 67 56= 56
δ =
89: ;<
M = 9
V = >

For concentrated load at the midspan of simply supported beam

?6@ ?6 ?
δ = M = V =
:9 ;< : >

PROBLEM 1.

Determine the maximum bending stress, shearing stress and deflection of Molave (80% grade) beam
shown using service dead load of 80.50 kN/m and service live load of 20.80 kN/m. Use LRFD.

200 mm

w 500 mm

3.70 m

MOLAVE (80% stress grade)

E = 6.54 x 103 MPa from TAB 1

r.d. = 0.69 from TAB 2

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Institute of Architecture and Fine Arts
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ww = weight of the wood

ww = rd (wH2O) wH2O = unit weight of water

= 9.807 kN/m3 (constant)
ww = 0.69 ( 9.807)

ww = 6.77 kN/m3

wB = weight of the beam

wB = ww Aw Aw = area of wood = (0.2 m x 0.5 m)

wB = 6.77 (0.20) (0.50)

wB = 0.68 kN/m

D = total dead load = 80.50 + 0.68

D = 81.18 kN/m

L = live load = 20.80 kN/m

w = 1.2D + 1.6L

w = 1.2 (81.18) + 1.6 (20.80)

w = 130.70 kN/m

56= A8B.DB (8.DB)=

M = = = 223.66 kN.m from formulas
9 9

𝒘𝑳 𝟏𝟑𝟎.𝟕𝟎 (𝟑.𝟕𝟎)
V = = = 241.80 kN
𝟐 𝟐

IJ @ >BB (4BB)@
I = A>
= A>
= 2 083 333 333 mm4

𝟔𝑴 K (>>8.KK)(ABBB)=
fb = 𝒃𝒅𝟐
= >BB (4BB)=
= 26.84 MPa ANSWER

8 L 8 (>:A.9B)(ABBB)
fv = = = 3.63 kN ANSWER
> IJ > (>BB)(4BB)

4 5 67 4 (A8B.DB)(8.DB)7 (ABBB)7
δ = 89: ;<
= 89: (K.4: M AB@ )(> B98 888 888)
= 23.41 mm ANSWER
 Far Eastern University
Institute of Architecture and Fine Arts
___________________________________________________________________________

PROBLEM 2.

Determine the total weight per load and the length of a Lingo-lingo (80% stress grade) beam.
Neglect deflection. The size of the beam is 100 mm x 300 mm.

100 mm

W 300 mm

From NSCP 2015 (TAB 1)

Lingo-lingo (80% stress grade)

fb = 13.20 MPa

fv = 1.66 MPa

56=
M = = 0.125 wL2
9

56
V = = 0.50 wL
>

𝟔𝑴
fb = 𝒃𝒅𝟐

K NB.A>4 56= O( ABBB)=

13.2 = ABB(8BB)=

wL2 = 158.40 ............... eq. 1

8 L
fv = > IJ

8 (B.4B 56)(ABBB)
1.66 = > (ABB)(8BB)

wL = 66.40 ................... eq. 2

eq. 1 divided by eq. 2

56= A49.:B
56
= KK.:B
L = 2.39 m ANSWER

Substitute L to eq. 2

wL = 66.40

w (2.39) = 66.40

w = 27.79 kN/m ANSWER

 Far Eastern University
Institute of Architecture and Fine Arts
___________________________________________________________________________
PROBLEM 3.

Check the adequacy of Liusin (80% stress grade) using ASD. Neglect deflection.

PD = 4 kN PL = 5 kN wD = 10 kN/m wL = 8 kN/m

PL PD

1m 1m 1m 300 mm

w 400 mm

R1 R2

From NSCP 2015 (TAB 1)

Liusin (80% stress grade)

fb = 25 MPa

fv = 3.02 MPa

E = 9.36 x 103 MPa

rd = 0.79 (from TAB 2)

ww = 0.79 (9.807) = 7.75 kN/m

wB = 7.75 (0.30) (0.40) = 0.93 kN/m

wD = 10 + 0.93 = 10.93 kN/m

wL = 8 kN/m

w = wD + wL = 10.93 + 8 = 18.93 kN/m

PL = 5 kN
PD = 4 kN

Consider the free body diagram below

[ƩM1 = 0] P+

0 = - R2 (3) + 5 (1) + 4 (2) + 18.93 (3) (1.50)

R2 = 32.73 kN á

[ƩFv = 0] á+

0 = R1 + 32.73 - 5 - 4 - 18.93 (3)

R1 = 33.06 kN á
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Institute of Architecture and Fine Arts
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SHEAR AND MOMENT DIAGRAM

5 kN 4 kN

1m 1m 1m

18.93 kN/m

R1 R2

33.06

14.13

V (kN) 9.13

0.48 m
9.8

13.8

25.79 32.73
23.6 23.24

M (kN.m)

From shear and moment diagram

V = 33.06 kN

M = 25.79 kN.m

𝟔𝑴 𝟔 (𝟐𝟓.𝟕𝟗) (𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎)𝟐
fb = =
𝒃𝒅𝟐 𝟑𝟎𝟎 (𝟒𝟎𝟎)𝟐

fb = 3.22 MPa < 25 MPa safe

8 L 8 (88.AK)(ABBB)
fv = > IJ
= > (8BB)(:BB)

fv = 0.41 MPa < 3.03 MPa safe

THEREFORE: the beam is adequate ANSWER

 Far Eastern University
Institute of Architecture and Fine Arts
___________________________________________________________________________
PROBLEM 4.

Determine the unfactored concentrated dead load at the midspan of the beam shown. The
wood to be used is Sasalit (80% stress grade). The unfactored service dead load is 7 kn/m while the
unfactored service live load is 3 kN/m. Use LRFD

PD
2m 2m

From NSCP 2015 (TAB 1)

Sasalit (80% stress grade)

Fb = 31.30 MPa

Fv = 3.38 MPa

E = 9.72 x 103 MPa

rd = 0.90 (refer to TAB 2)

ww = 0.90 (9.807) = 8.83 kN/m

AB = 235 (311) - 159 (235) = 35 720 mm2

84 D>B
wB = 8.83 [ (ABBB)= ] = 0.32 kN/m

wD = 7 + 0.32 = 7.32 kN/m

wL = 3 kN/m
 Far Eastern University
Institute of Architecture and Fine Arts
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w = 1.4D + 1.6L = 1.2 (7.32) + 1.6 (3) = 13.58 kN/m

PD = 1.2 P P= ?

56= ?R 6 A8.49 (:)= A.> ? (:)

M = 9
+ :
= 9
+ :
= 27.16 + 1.2 P

56 ?R A8.49 (:) A.> ?

V = + = + = 27.16 + 0.6 P
> > > >

For bending or flexural stress: we will be using the general formula since the beam is not a solid
rectangle

c = distance from neutral axis (centroidal axis) to the extrememost fiber

J 8AA
c = >
= >
= 155.50 mm

IJ @ IJ @ >84 (8AA)@ A4S (>84)@

I = Isolid - Ihole = [ ]solid - [ ]hole = -
A> A> A> A>

I = 417114346.7 mm4

TU
fb = <

( >D.AKVA.> ?)(ABBB)= (A44.4B)

31.30 = :AD AA: 8:K.D

P = 47.33 kN

For shearing stress: we will be using the general formula since the beam is not a solid rectangle. To
find statical moment Q consider upper half of the section from neutral axis to the uppermost fiber. The
dashed line is the neutral axis.

238 mm

38 mm
8AA
>
- 38 = 117.5 mm

38 mm 38 mm

89 AAD.4
Q = A 𝑦1 = 238 (38) (117.5 + >
) + 2 (117.5) (38) ( >
)

Q = 1 743 582.5 mm3

b = intersection of the neutral axis to the section itself

b = 2 (38) = 76 mm
 Far Eastern University
Institute of Architecture and Fine Arts
___________________________________________________________________________

LW
fv =
<I

(>D.AKVB.K ?)(ABBB)(A D:8 49>.4)

3.38 =
:AD AA: 8:K.D (DK)

P = 57.15 kN

For deflection:

6 : (ABBB)
δallowable = = = 16.67 mm
>:B >:B

4567 ?R 6@
δ = 89: ;<
+ :9 ;<

4 (A8.49)(:)7 (ABBB)7 A.> ? (:)@ (ABBB)7

16.67 = 89: (S.D> M AB@ )(:AD AA: 8:K.D)
+ :9 (S.D> M AB@ (:AD AA: 8:K.D)

16.67 = 11.16 + 0.39 P

P = 14.13 kN

NOTE: There are three values of P. Since we are considering the safe value of the loads, then the
critical value is the least.

ADOPT: P = 14.13 kN ANSWER