COLUMN 

DESIGN USING BALANCE LOADING

COLUMN Mark : C1 (foundation to 2nd flr lvl)
h
b = 200 mm d'
h = 400 mm
b
d' = 40 mm
z4 = 40 mm d'
f'c = 20.5 Mpa
fy = 275 Mpa considering least dimension for designing
size of bar = 5 lateral load along "b" axis
pcs = 8 with a moment along longitudinal direction
DL =                                     140.00 KN
LL =                                        58.00 KN
RL                                            ‐ KN
WL =                                        43.20 KN.m
EL =                                        72.10 KN.m

Load Factor
1.4 DL =                         196.00
1.2DL+1.6LL+0.5RL =                         260.80
1.2DL+1.6RL+0.8WL =                         168.00 disregard WL‐moment included
1.2DL+1.3WL+0.5RL =                         168.00 disregard WL‐moment included
1.2DL+1.0EL+LL =                         226.00 disregard EL‐moment included
0.9DL+(1.0EL or 1.3WL) =                         126.00 disregard WL&EL‐moment included

1.2DL+1.6RL+0.8WL =                           34.56

1.2DL+1.3WL+0.5RL =                           56.16
1.2DL+1.0EL+LL =                           72.10
0 9DL (1 0EL 1 3WL)
0.9DL+(1.0EL or 1.3WL) = 72 10
                          72.10

Pu actual =                                     260.80 KN
Mu actual =                                        72.10 KN.m

slenderness effect in column (check if it is short colum or long column)

for rectangular compression members
r = 0.3b =                           60.00
Lu =                             3.50 m
k =                             1.00 (braced against sideways)

*braced against sideways
if      kLu/r       <         34  ‐   12*(M1/M2) effect of slenderness may be neglected, short column
if      kLu/r       >         34  ‐   12*(M1/M2) effect of slenderness may be considered,long column
kLu/r =                           58.33
34  ‐   12*(M1/M2) =                           22.00 (single curvature, M1=M2)

therefore    : effect of slenderness may be considered,long column

Section 5.10.11.5.1 (ACI Code 318‐83)
slenderness long column should be design using factored axial load "P" from a conventional 
analysis and magnified factored moment "Mc" defined by

Mc = δb *  M2b       +         δs * M2s

δs = 1
M2s = 0
δb = Cm   /   (1‐(Pu/ΦPc)
M2b =                                        72.10 kN.m
Pu =                                     260.80 kN 
M1b =                                        72.10 kN.m
Cm = 0.6+0.4(M1b / M2b) =                             1.00

Pc = π^2 EI   /   (kLu)^2

EI = ((Ec*Ig/5)   +   Es*Ise )  /   1  +  βd

Ig = bh^3  / 12 = 1,066,666,666.67 mm4

Ec = 4700*sqrt f'c = 21,280.16 MPa

Es = 200 000 00 MPa
200,000.00

Ise = ∑ As y^2 =   1,674,666,666.67 mm4

As =                                83,733.33 mm2 (in each row)
y = 100 mm

βd = max. factored dead load moment / total factored moment
βd = 0

EI =   9,079,532,831,839.12 N‐mm2

Pc =                                  7,307.80 kN

δb = Cm   /   (1‐(Pu/ΦPc)) =                              1.03
Mc = δb *  M2b   +   δs * M2s =                            73.95 kN.m

design load & design moment :
Pu =                         260.80 kN 
Mu =                           73.95 kN.m

d = b‐d' =                         160.00 mm

x4 = b‐2d' =                         120.00 mm
As1  = As4 =                     1,600.00 mm2

fs1 = 600 ((d‐c)/c) = fy
c =                         109.71 mm

a = β1 c =                           93.26 mm

xc = d‐ (a/2) =                         113.37 mm

fs4 = 600((c‐z4)/c) =                         381.25 Mpa

fy =                         275.00 Mpa
therefore : fy < fs4 use   : 275 Mpa

T = As1 f1 =                         440.00 KN

c4 = As4  f4 =                         440.00 KN

Cc = 0.85 * f'c * a * b =                         650.00 KN

summation of Fv   =   0
Pbu = c4   +  Cc   ‐   T =                        650.00 KN

summation of Mt   =   0
c4*x4     +     c1*x1    +    Pu*x =                               ‐
x =                         194.60 mm
x = eb + x4/2
eb =                         134.60 mm
Mbu = Pbu  x   eb =                           87.49 KN.m

design condition :
Pu (actual) < Pbu (allowable) safe
Mu (actual) < Mbu (allowable) safe

check for the concrete‐steel ratio

Arebars =                                  1,600.00 mm2

Aconcrete =                                80,000.00 mm2
ratio = 2.00% not less than 1% ok
not greater than 6% ok

ties :
size of rebars =              3
note: use #3 tie rebars for main reinforcement bars less than #10
more than #10 should use greater than #3 tie rebars.
spacing = 16 *db =    254.08 mm
48 * tie diameter =    456.96 mm
least dimension of column = 200.00 mm
therfore use :    200.00 mm

summary :
COLUMN DESIGN USING BALANCE LOADING

COLUMN Mark : C1(2nd flr lvl to roof)
h
b = 200 mm d'
h = 400 mm
b
d' = 40 mm
z4 = 40 mm d'
f'c = 20.5 Mpa
fy = 275 Mpa considering least dimension for designing
size of bar = 5 lateral load along "b" axis
pcs = 8 with a moment along longitudinal direction
DL =                                        70.00 KN
LL =                                        29.00 KN
RL                                            ‐ KN
WL =                                        43.20 KN.m
EL =                                        72.10 KN.m

Load Factor
1.4 DL =                           98.00
1.2DL+1.6LL+0.5RL =                         130.40
1.2DL+1.6RL+0.8WL =                           84.00 disregard WL‐moment included
1.2DL+1.3WL+0.5RL =                           84.00 disregard WL‐moment included
1.2DL+1.0EL+LL =                         113.00 disregard EL‐moment included
0.9DL+(1.0EL or 1.3WL) =                           63.00 disregard WL&EL‐moment included

1.2DL+1.6RL+0.8WL =                           34.56

1.2DL+1.3WL+0.5RL =                           56.16
1.2DL+1.0EL+LL =                           72.10
0 9DL (1 0EL 1 3WL)
0.9DL+(1.0EL or 1.3WL) = 72 10
                          72.10

Pu actual =                                     130.40 KN
Mu actual =                                        72.10 KN.m

slenderness effect in column (check if it is short colum or long column)

for rectangular compression members
r = 0.3b =                           60.00
Lu =                             3.20 m
k =                             1.00 (braced against sideways)

*braced against sideways
if      kLu/r       <         34  ‐   12*(M1/M2) effect of slenderness may be neglected, short column
if      kLu/r       >         34  ‐   12*(M1/M2) effect of slenderness may be considered,long column
kLu/r =                           53.33
34  ‐   12*(M1/M2) =                           22.00 (single curvature, M1=M2)

therefore    : effect of slenderness may be considered,long column

Section 5.10.11.5.1 (ACI Code 318‐83)
slenderness long column should be design using factored axial load "P" from a conventional 
analysis and magnified factored moment "Mc" defined by

Mc = δb *  M2b       +         δs * M2s

δs = 1
M2s = 0
δb = Cm   /   (1‐(Pu/ΦPc)
M2b =                                        72.10 kN.m
Pu =                                     130.40 kN 
M1b =                                        72.10 kN.m
Cm = 0.6+0.4(M1b / M2b) =                             1.00

Pc = π^2 EI   /   (kLu)^2

EI = ((Ec*Ig/5)   +   Es*Ise )  /   1  +  βd

Ig = bh^3  / 12 = 1,066,666,666.67 mm4

Ec = 4700*sqrt f'c = 21,280.16 MPa

Es = 200 000 00 MPa
200,000.00

Ise = ∑ As y^2 =   1,674,666,666.67 mm4

As =                                83,733.33 mm2 (in each row)
y = 100 mm

βd = max. factored dead load moment / total factored moment
βd = 0

EI =   9,079,532,831,839.12 N‐mm2

Pc =                                  8,742.24 kN

δb = Cm   /   (1‐(Pu/ΦPc)) =                              1.01
Mc = δb *  M2b   +   δs * M2s =                            72.86 kN.m

design load & design moment :
Pu =                         130.40 kN 
Mu =                           72.86 kN.m

d = b‐d' =                         160.00 mm

x4 = b‐2d' =                         120.00 mm
As1  = As4 =                     1,600.00 mm2

fs1 = 600 ((d‐c)/c) = fy
c =                         109.71 mm

a = β1 c =                           93.26 mm

xc = d‐ (a/2) =                         113.37 mm

fs4 = 600((c‐z4)/c) =                         381.25 Mpa

fy =                         275.00 Mpa
therefore : fy < fs4 use   : 275 Mpa

T = As1 f1 =                         440.00 KN

c4 = As4  f4 =                         440.00 KN

Cc = 0.85 * f'c * a * b =                         650.00 KN

summation of Fv   =   0
Pbu = c4   +  Cc   ‐   T =                        650.00 KN

summation of Mt   =   0
c4*x4     +     c1*x1    +    Pu*x =                               ‐
x =                         194.60 mm
x = eb + x4/2
eb =                         134.60 mm
Mbu = Pbu  x   eb =                           87.49 KN.m

design condition :
Pu (actual) < Pbu (allowable) safe
Mu (actual) < Mbu (allowable) safe

check for the concrete‐steel ratio

Arebars =                                  1,600.00 mm2

Aconcrete =                                80,000.00 mm2
ratio = 2.00% not less than 1% ok
not greater than 6% ok

ties :
size of rebars =              3
note: use #3 tie rebars for main reinforcement bars less than #10
more than #10 should use greater than #3 tie rebars.
spacing = 16 *db =    254.08 mm
48 * tie diameter =    456.96 mm
least dimension of column = 200.00 mm
therfore use :    200.00 mm

summary :