bar size designation area weight dia

sq.mm. kg/m mm
3 71 0.56 9.52
4 129 0.994 12.7
5 200 1.552 15.88
6 284 2.235 19.05
7 387 3.042 22.22
8 510 3.973 25.4
9 645 5.06 28.65
10 819 6.404 32.26
11 1006 7.907 35.81
14 1452 11.384 43
18 2581 20.238 57.33
DESIGN OF SQUARED IS0LATED FOOTINGS

1 Footing Mark : F1
1.1 Design Parameters

one way punching shear two-way punching shear

d b=L b=L

L/2-a/2 c+d
x = L/2 - a/2 - d
Vu = qubx = qulx
fy = 275 MPa
f'c = 21 MPa
β = 0.85
ρbal = ((0.85*β*f'c)/fy)*(600/(600+fy))
= 0.037832727
ρmax = 0.75ρbal = 0.03
ρmin = 1.4/fy = 0.01
ɸ (for bending = 0.9
ɸ (for shear) = 0.85
clear bar cover= 70 mm
allowable soil = 150 KPa
unit weight of = 24 KN/m^3
unit weight of = 16 KN/m^3
depth of foot = 1.2 m
rebars diamete= 19.05 mm 6.00 (size no.)
rebars cross se= 284 mm^2 6.00 (size no.)
Loadings :
DL (dead loa = 320.693 KN
LL (liveload) = 21.6 KN
Pu (ultimate = 1.4DL + 1.7LL = 485.69 KN
size of Column = 425 mm (length)
= 275 mm (width)
assume thickne= 300 mm
weight of foot = 7.2 KPa
weight of footings about 8% of total loads
1.2 net soil pressu = 128.4 KPa
1.3 required footi = Pt/qn
Pt = 1.08*(DL + LL) = 140.86 KN
Arqd = 1.097023364 m^2
B = 1.047388832 say 1.20 m
Area actual = 1.44 m^2
1.4 design soil pressure
qu = Pu/Area actual = 337.28 Kpa
qallowable = 442.7345996 KPa
therefore : qallowable > qu ok
1.5 d, thickness of = 220.475 mm
1.6 check weight o= wf
wfactual = 10.368
wfassume = 10.478
therefore : wfactual < wfassume check for punching shear
1.7 check punching shear
actual punchin= 345.1645183 KN
allowable punching
= shear,
 ɸ(1 + 2βc)*(squareroot of f'c)*(bo*d) < ɸ*(squareroot of f'c/3)*(bo*d)
where βc = 1

bo = 4*(c+d) = 2.58
ɸ(1 + 2βc)*(squareroot of f'c)*(bo*d) = 1,108.66 KN
ɸ*(squareroot of f'c/3)*(bo*d) = 739.10 KN
use : 739.10 KN
ɸVc > Vu ok depth for punching shear
1.8 Check for one-way shear
x = 0.167025 m
actual shear, V = qu*b*x1 = 88.74 KN
allowable shea= 202.0686753 KN
ɸVc > Vu ok
1.9 Reinforcement
x1 = 0.3875 m
Mu = qu*b*(x^2)/2 = 30.39 KN.m
Ru = Mu/ɸbd^2 = 0.58 MPa
ρactual = (0.85f'c/fy)*(1-(squareroot(1-(2Ru/0.85f'c)
= 0.00214
ρmin = 1.4/fy = 0.01
ρmin < ρactual use the permissible steel ratio value
ρactual < ρmax ok
ρ value
ρmin 0.00509090909090909
ρactual 0.0021
ρmax 0.0284
1.10 Area of Steel, = ("ρmin" or "ρmax" or "ρactual")* b*d
= 0.00509 X 264,570.00
= 1346.901818 mm^2
1.11 No. of Steel Rebars, n
n= 4.742612036 say 5.00 pcs of No. 6.00
1.12 check spacing, S
S = (cross sectional area of rebar*B)/Area of Rebars = 240.00 mm
Smax, maximu = 300 mm
therefore : = 240 mm
1.13 Required No. of Steel Rebars to be used, N
As = 1420
N = 5 say 5.00 pcs of No. 6.00
1.14 check the development length, Ld
Ld = 0.02 * Ab* fy / sqrt f'c > 0.06*db*fy
= 340.8563445 > 314.33 ok
condition ok, satisfied with the condition

1.15 Summary
a width : 1.20 m
b length : 1.20 m
c depth : 300.00 mm
d depth of embeddment : 1.20 m
e bottom bars (both ways)
size of reinforcing bars no. : 6.00 20.00 mm dia.
no. of reinforcing rebars : 5.00 ea
f top bars (both ways) shrinkage/temperature bars
size of reinforcing bars : -
e of reinforcing bars no. : - ea
g minimum spacing : - mm
h maximum spacing : 300.00 mm
i remarks :

isolated squared footing; 1.2m X 1.2m X 0.3m depth, 6pcs - 20mm diameter rebars each way @ bottom
bars
DESIGN OF SQUARED IS0LATED FOOTINGS

1 Footing Mark : F2
1.1 Design Parameters

one way punching shear two-way punching shear

d b=L b=L

L/2-a/2 c+d
x = L/2 - a/2 - d
Vu = qubx = qulx
fy = 275 MPa
f'c = 21 MPa
β = 0.85
ρbal = ((0.85*β*f'c)/fy)*(600/(600+fy))
= 0.037832727
ρmax = 0.75ρbal = 0.03
ρmin = 1.4/fy = 0.01
ɸ (for bending) = 0.9
ɸ (for shear) = 0.85
clear bar cover = 70 mm
allowable soil pre = 150 KPa
unit weight of con = 24 KN/m^3
unit weight of soil = 16 KN/m^3
depth of footing = 1.2 m
rebars diameter si = 19.05 mm 6.00 (size no.)
rebars cross secti = 284 mm^2 6.00 (size no.)
Loadings :
DL (dead load) = 123.535 KN
LL (liveload) = 7.44 KN
Pu (ultimate loa = 1.4DL + 1.7LL = 185.60 KN
size of Column = 425 mm (length)
= 275 mm (width)
assume thickness = 300 mm
weight of footing = 7.2 KPa
weight of footings about 8% of total loads
1.2 net soil pressure, = 128.4 KPa
1.3 required footing a = Pt/qn
Pt = 1.08*(DL + LL) = 140.86 KN
Arqd = 1.097023364 m^2
B = 1.047388832 say 1.10 m
Area actual = 1.21 m^2
1.4 design soil pressure
qu = Pu/Area actual = 153.39 Kpa
qallowable = 169.1823584 KPa
therefore : qallowable > qu ok
1.5 d, thickness of foo = 220.475 mm
1.6 check weight of fo= wf
wfactual = 8.712
wfassume = 10.478
therefore : wfactual < wfassume check for punching shear
1.7 check punching shear
actual punching sh= 121.6905881 KN
allowable punching= shear,
 ɸ(1 + 2βc)*(squareroot of f'c)*(bo*d) < ɸ*(squareroot of f'c/3)*(bo*d)
where βc = 1

bo = 4*(c+d) = 2.58
ɸ(1 + 2βc)*(squareroot of f'c)*(bo*d) = 1,108.66 KN
ɸ*(squareroot of f'c/3)*(bo*d) = 739.10 KN
use : 739.10 KN
ɸVc > Vu ok depth for punching shear
1.8 Check for one-way shear
x = 0.117025 m
actual shear, Vu = qu*b*x1 = 21.78 KN
allowable shear, = 185.229619 KN
ɸVc > Vu ok
1.9 Reinforcement
x1 = 0.3375 m
Mu = qu*b*(x^2)/2 = 9.61 KN.m
Ru = Mu/ɸbd^2 = 0.20 MPa
ρactual = (0.85f'c/fy)*(1-(squareroot(1-(2Ru/0.85f'c)
= 0.00073
ρmin = 1.4/fy = 0.01
ρmin < ρactual use the permissible steel ratio value
ρactual < ρmax ok
ρ value
ρmin 0.00509090909090909
ρactual 0.0007
ρmax 0.0284
1.10 Area of Steel, As = ("ρmin" or "ρmax" or "ρactual")* b*d
= 0.00509 X 242,522.50
= 1234.66 mm^2
1.11 No. of Steel Rebars, n
n= 4.347394366 say 5.00 pcs of No. 6.00
1.12 check spacing, S
S = (cross sectional area of rebar*B)/Area of Rebars = 220.00 mm
Smax, maximum sp= 300 mm
therefore : = 220 mm
1.13 Required No. of Steel Rebars to be used, N
As = 1420
N = 5 say 5.00 pcs of No. 6.00
1.14 check the development length, Ld
Ld = 0.02 * Ab* fy / sqrt f'c > 0.06*db*fy
= 340.8563445 > 314.33 ok
condition ok, satisfied with the condition

1.15 Summary
a width : 1.10 m
b length : 1.10 m
c depth : 300.00 mm
d depth of embeddment : 1.20 m
e bottom bars (both ways)
size of reinforcing bars no. : 6.00 20.00 mm dia.
no. of reinforcing rebars : 5.00 ea
f top bars (both ways) shrinkage/temperature bars
size of reinforcing bars : -
size of reinforcing bars no. : - ea
g minimum spacing : - mm
h maximum spacing : 300.00 mm
i remarks :

isolated squared footing; 1.1m X 1.1m X 0.30m depth, 5pcs - 20mm diameter rebars each way @ bottom
bars
DESIGN OF RECTANGULAR COMBINED FOOTING
1 Footing Mark : CF1

1.0 COLUMN 1, C1 COLUMN 2, C2

PDL = 123.535 KN PDL = 320.693 KN
PLL = 7.44 PLL = 21.6 KN

2.0 C2 = 400.00 mm
= 200.00 mm
C1 = 400.00 mm
= 275.00 mm
a = 0.43 m
b = 1.55
c = 0.28 m
d' = 0.30 m
e = 0.30 m
f = 0.30 m
h = 0.37 m
i = 0.28 m
j = 0.37 m
k = 0.58 m
l = 0.58 m
m = 0.58 m
n = 0.58 m
o = 1.90 m
p = 0.21 m
r = 0.65 m
L = 3.20 m
β1 = 0.85
depth of embeddment = 1.20 m
unit wt. concrete, yc = 24.00 KN/m^3
unit wt. soil, ys = 17.20 KN/m^3
fy = 275.00 MPa
f'c = 21.00 MPa
bar size diameter = 16.00 mm
allowable soil bearing = 150.00 KPa

3.0 solving for L

P1 = 130.98 KN
X1 = 0.21 m
P2 = 342.29 KN
X2 = 2.11 m
P = P1 + P2 = 473.27 KN
Xg = 1.59 m =L/2
L = 3.17 m say 3.20 m

4.0 try : d = 300.00 mm

conc. Cover = 75.00 mm
total depth of footing, hc = d + (0.5*bar dia) + conc. Cover
hc = 0.38 say 0.45 m
height of soil above footing = 0.75 m
qc = qa - yc*hc - ys*hs = 126.30 KPa

5.0 area of footing = P/qc = 3.75 m^2

area f footing = B X L, B = 1.17 m

6.0 Pu1 = 185.60 KN

Pu2 = 485.69 KN
Pu = 671.29 KN
qu = Pu/Area = 179.14 KPa

7.0 check "d" for punching shear

 column 1
bo = 1.73 mm
Vu = 126.37 KN
Vc = .3333* (sqrt f'c)*bo*d = 789.70 N
ɸVc = 671.25 N > Vu ok

column 2
bo = 2.30 mm
Vu = 426.46 KN
Vc = .3333* (sqrt f'c)*bo*d = 1,052.94 N
ɸVc = 895.00 N > Vu ok

8.0 check "d" for one-way or wide beam shear :

Vu1 = (33.51) KN
Vu2 = 165.78 KN
Vu3 = 116.44 KN

Max Vu = 165.78 KN
Vc = .1667(sqrt f'c) bw d = 268.36 KN
ɸVc = 228.11 N > Vu ok

9.0 Design of main bar along length :

W1 = 436.70 KNm
W2 = 1,766.15 KNm
Wu = 209.78

10.0 from the moment and shear diagram shown :

shear @ point 1 = (96.44)
shear @ point 4 = (199.29)
shear @ point 3 = 228.71
x = 0.46 m
11.0 M = Area of shear diagram
M1 = (20.49) KN-m
M2 = (42.66) KN-m
M3 = 82.02 KN-m
M4 = 94.66 KN-m

12.0 steel ratio,ρ

ρbal = (0.85 f'c β1 600) / (fy + 600fy) = 0.0378
ρmax = 0.75ρbal = 0.0284
ρmin = 1.4/fy = 0.0051

B = 1.17 m
d = 0.30 m
Area of bar, Ab = 200.96 mm^2

Section ----> 1 2 3 4
Moment, Mu (20.49) (42.66) 82.02 94.66
Ru = Mu /ɸbd^2 0.2161 0.4498 0.8647 0.9980
ρactual=(0.85f'c/fy)((1-(sqrt(1-(2Ru/.85f'c) 0.00079 0.00166 0.00322 0.00374
ρ, check for the permissible 0.00509 0.00509 0.00509 0.00509
Number of bars, N=As/Ab 1,788.42 1,788.42 1,788.42 1,788.42
Use N 10 10 10 10
Location TOP TOP BOTTOM BOTTOM

13.0 Design of main bars along width

Note : the code did not specify the width to be considered I the design of the transverse bars.
It is usually assumed equal to the column width plus 0.75d.
Column 1
b = 500.00 mm
d = 275.00 mm (transverse bars on top of longitudinal)
 Mu1 = 6.23 KN-m
Column 2
b = 500.00 mm
Mu2 = 6.23 KN-m

Section ----> Column 1 Column 2

Moment, Mu 6.23 6.23
Ru = Mu /ɸbd^2 0.1539 0.1539
ρactual=(0.85f'c/fy)((1-(sqrt(1-(2Ru/.85f'c) 0.00056 0.00056
ρ, check for the permissible 0.00509 0.00509
Number of bars, N=As/Ab 763.64 763.64
Use N 4 4
Location Bottom Bottom

14.0 Development Length, Ld :

Ld = Ldb = 0.02Ab fy / sqrt f' = 241.19 mm
or
Ld = 0.06 db fy = 264.00 mm
minimum Ld furnished = 573.00 mm > 264.00 ok

15.0 shrinkage and temperature bars :

using :
diameter of rebars = 16.00 mm
fy = 275.00 MPa
for b = 800.00 mm
hc = 450.00 mm
Ast = 0.002bh = 720.00 mm^2
N = Ast / N Ab = 3.58
spacing = 223.29 say 220.00 minimum

16.0 Summary
a width : 1.17 m
b length : 3.20 m
c depth : 300.00 mm
d depth of embeddment : 1.20 m
e longitudinal rebars along length
: 10.00 ea Top
: 10.00 ea Bottom
size of rebars(diameter) : 16.00 mm
f transversal rebars along width
Column 1 : 4.00 ea Bottom
Column 2 : 4.00 ea Bottom
g size of rebars(diameter) : 16.00 mm
h shrinkage/temperature bars
size of rebars(diameter) : 16.00 mm
spacing : 220.00 mm
development length, Ld 264.00 mm
minimum spacing : 220.00 mm
remarks

combined rectangular footing : width(w)=0.8m x length (l) = 3.2m x depth(d) = 0.30m, 10 pcs. - 16mm dia. rebars
on top bars and bottom bars each way.
DESIGN OF STRAP CANTILIVER FOOTING
1 Footing M : SCF1

1 column properties and loads :

column 1 column 2
size :
b 400.00 mm 450.00 mm
d 400.00 mm 450.00 mm
rebars dia. 25.00 mm 25.00 mm
pcs. 4.00 6.00
P1 P2
DL 480.00 KN, 640.00 KN
LL 350.00 KN 510.00 KN

2 design data:
footing depth = 2.20 m below ground surface
spacing of column, S = 6.50 m
qa, soil bearing capacity = 200.00 KPa
unit wt. of concrete = 23.50 KN/m3
footing rebars dia. = 25.00 mm
strap rebars dia. = 28.00 mm
temperature rebars dia. = 16.00 mm
f'c = 27.50 MPa
fy (footing & strap) = 345.00 MPa
fy (temperature) = 275.00 MPa
ɤs = 15.40 KN/m3
hs = 2.00 m

3 assume effective soil bearing capacity, qe, and must not exceed :
qa-ɤs-hs = 169.20 KPa
therefore, qe = 160.00 KPa
P1 = 830.00 KN
P2 = 1,150.00 KN
P = P1 + P2 = 1,980.00 KN
Atotal = A1+A2= P/qe = 12.38 m2
4 for the soil pressure to be uniform, the centroid of A1 and A2 mus coincide with the
resultant of P1 & P2.
Pxg = P1x1 + P2x2
xg = 3.98 m
5 assuming value of L1 until a desirable ratio L1/B1 obtained(usually from 0.75to1)
try : L1 = 2.20 m
B1 = 2.74 m
L2 = 2.52 m
B2 = 2.52 m
L1/B1 = 0.80 (between 0.75-1)
Atotal = 12.38 m2
A1 = L1 X B1 = 6.03 m2
A2 = L2 X B2 = 6.35 m2

6 design of footing
 Pu1 = 1.4DL + 1.7LL = 1,267.00 KN
Pu2 = 1.4DL + 1.7LL = 1,763.00 KN
Pu = 3,030.00 KN
Area of footing = A1 + A2 = 12.38 m2
qu = Pu/Area of footing = 244.85 KPa

7 Footing 1
solve for "d" for wide beam shear : d
assume width of strap(larger than the column) =
qu
(B1 - width of strap)/2
(B2 - width of strap)/2
(L2 - width of strap)/2
Area shaded
Vu actual = Area shaded x qu
Vc = .1667 * sqrt(f'c) * L1 *d
Vu allow = ɸVc
condition : Vu allow > Vu actual
check fo actual qe :
hc
say
hs
8 before to proceed with the design of bars, first solve the depth required for "Footing 2"
so that we can check "qe".
since footing 2 is square, punching shear will surely govern.
asuuming : d
Vuactual = Pu2 - ( qu*Ashaded)
Vc = .1667 * sqrt(f'c) * L2 *d
Vu allow = ɸVc
condition : Vu allow > Vu actual
check fo actual qe :
hc
say
hs
qe = qa - ɤc hc - ɤs hs =
condition : qe (ftg.1) > qu (ftg.2)
= 271.00 mm
550.00 mm
= 0.24485 MPa
= 1,095.00 mm
= 984.66 mm
= 1,034.66 mm
= 824.00 mm
= 201.76 KN
= 521.19 KN
= 443.01 KN
= ok
= 358.50 mm
= 360.00 mm
= 1.84 m
= 343.00 mm
= 1,609,027.28
= 1,901,642.87 KN
= 1,616,396.44 KN
= ok
= 430.50 mm
= 431.00 mm
= 1.77 m
189.84
= ok

9 moment
footing 1 (transverse section) :
Mu = 322.94 KN-m
b = 2,200.00 mm
d = 271.00 mm

footing 2 (transverse section) :

Mu = 299.04 KN-m
b, B2 = 2,519.33 mm
d = 343.00 mm

footing 2 (longitudinal section) :

Mu = 330.18 KN-m
 b, L2 = 2,519.33 mm
d = 318.00 mm

ρmin = 1.4/fy = 0.00406

ρmax = 0.75(0.85*f'c*β1*600) = 0.02742
fy (fy+600)
A rebar = 490.63 mm2

section --------> footing 1 transverse footing 2 transver footing 2 longitudinal

moment, Mu , KN-m
Ru = Mu / ɸbd^2 , Mpa
ground surface