Math Solution Manual

SOLUTION MANUAL.
1. C
Conversion Factor Problem
Solution: To find the number of booklet left in the box, you need to:
1
Convert 1 4 dozen into number of pieces. Recall: 1 dozen = 12 piece
1 1 1
12 × 1 = 12 × (1 + ) = (12 × 1) + (12 × ) = 12 + 3 = 15
4 4 4
Then, subtract 15 from 36.

36 − 15 = 21
Answer: There are 21 booklets are left in the box.
2. A
Percentage of Increase Problem
Solution: Given: rate = 0.60, and percentage of increase = 88.
Find the base.

𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝐼𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑒
𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒 =
1 + 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒
88
𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒 =
1 + 0.60
88
𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒 =
1.60
𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒 = 55
Answer: The number is 55.
3. D
Time elapsed problem
Solution: First, convert 6:45 AM into 24-hour clock.
Since 645 is less than 12:00, the time will not change and omit AM.
Second add it to 14 hours.
Note: Please make sure to align the time according to their unit of measurement.
Hour Minute
14 00
+ 6 45
20 45
Lastly, convert 2045 into 12-hour clock.

Since the sum is past 12:00, subtract 12 from 2045 then affixed PM
Hour Minute
20 45
− 12 00
8 45
Answer: The time will be 8:45 PM.

4. C
Comparing Fraction
Solution: Find the LCD of the given fraction.
LCD:
2: 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16,18, 20, 22, 24, …
4: 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, …
6: 6, 12, 18, 24, …
8: 8, 16, 24, …
Hence, the LCD is 24.
Convert each fraction into an equivalent fraction with a common denominator using LCD.
1 1×12 12 6 6×3 18 4 4×4 16 1 1×6 6
= = ; = = ; = = ; = =
2 2×12 24 8 8×3 24 6 6×4 24 4 4×6 24
The fraction with highest numerator is the largest fraction while the fraction with lowest numerator is
the smallest fraction.
16
Answer: The fraction is the second largest fraction.
24
5. C
Geometry Problem
Solution: Draw the diagram and do as instructed in the problem.
Answer: There are 14 dots in the rectangular figure.
6. C
Percentage Problem
Solution: This is a percentage problem with the given rate of 0.25 and the base is 104 kg.
Find the percentage.

𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 = 𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒 × 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒
𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 = 104 × 0.25
𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 = 26
Answer: Rachelle should lose 26 kilogram to achieve her ideal weight.
7. B
Ratio and Proportion Problem
Solution: Equate the two ratio to find the missing term of the ratio and let x be the unknown value.
𝐻: 𝑆 = 𝑥: 𝐴
𝐻 𝑥
=
𝑆 𝐴
𝐻 𝑥
𝐴( = )A
𝑆 𝐴
𝐻×𝐴
=𝑥
𝑆
𝐻×𝐴
𝑥=
𝑆
HA
Answer: There are honor students.
S
8. B
Proportion
Solution: The proportion will be the ratio of the dimension of the original image equals the dimension
of enlarged image.
𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ: 𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ = 𝑒𝑛𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑑 𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ: 𝑒𝑛𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑑 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ

4: 6 = 16: 𝑥
4 16
=
6 𝑥
6𝑥 4 16 6𝑥
( )( = )( )
4 6 𝑥 4
16 × 6
𝑥=
4
𝑥 =4×6
𝑥 = 24
Answer: The length will be 24 inches.
9. B
Geometry Problem
Solution: Notice that the minute-hand, pointed to 12, is perpendicular to the hour-hand, pointed to 3. If
two lines are perpendicular then they form a right angle, 90°.
Answer: The angle made by the hands of a clock at 3 o’clock is 90°.
10. C
Real-life Problem
Solution: Translate the statement “An agent is selling a certain number of Washing Machine set at
Php6,400, which have taken in as much money had 3 fewer sets been sold at Php7,680.” into an
equation.
7680(𝑥 − 3) = 6400𝑥
7680𝑥 − 23040 = 6400𝑥
7680𝑥 − 6400𝑥 = 23040
1280𝑥 = 23040
1280𝑥 23040
=
1280 1280
𝑥 = 18
Answer: There are 18 sets were sold at Php6,400.
11. B
Uniform Motion Problems
Solution: Let 𝑥 be the height of the pole.
1
be the rate of climbing a pole
5
1
be the rate of returning to the ground
10
1 1
( + )𝑥 = 3
5 10
2+1
( )𝑥 = 3
10
3
( )𝑥 = 3
10
3𝑥
=3
10
3𝑥 = 10 × 3
3𝑥 = 30
3𝑥 30
=
3 3
𝑥 = 10
Answer: The height of the pole is 10 feet.
12. D
Uniform Motion Problem
Solution: Let 𝑥 be the distance Czarina run daily.
Convert each rate by km per hour.
Running
1 𝑘𝑚 60 𝑚𝑖𝑛 60 𝑘𝑚
× = = 3 𝑘𝑚 𝑝𝑒𝑟 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟
20 𝑚𝑖𝑛 1 ℎ𝑟 20 ℎ𝑟
Sprinting
2 𝑘𝑚 60 𝑚𝑖𝑛 120 𝑘𝑚
× = = 6 𝑘𝑚 𝑝𝑒𝑟 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟
20 𝑚𝑖𝑛 1 ℎ𝑟 20 ℎ𝑟
1 1
( − )𝑥 = 1
3 6
2−1
( )𝑥 = 1
6
1
( )𝑥 = 1
6
𝑥
=1
6
𝑥 =1×6
𝑥=6
Answer: Czarina runs 6 kilometer daily.
13. D
Evaluating and Comparing Numbers
Solution: Do as indicated using GEMDAS
a. 5 + 4 × 5 = 5 + (4 × 5) = 5 + 20 = 25 c. 4 × 5 + 6 = (4 × 5) + 6 = 20 + 6 = 26
b. 5 + 6 × 5 = 5 + (6 × 5) = 5 + 30 = 35 d. 5 + 4 + 6 = (5 + 4) + 6 = 9 + 6 = 15
Answer: The expression 5 + 4 + 6 has the least numerical value.

14. C
Multiplying Fraction
Solution: Multiply their numerators and their denominators. Then simplify the product.
1 1 1×1 1
× = =
9 2 9 × 2 18
1
Answer: The product is .
18
15. C
Multiplying Fraction
Solution: Multiply their numerators and their denominators. Then simplify the product.
3 2 3×2 3×2 1
× = = =
4 3 4×3 2×2×3 2
1
2
16. C
Adding of Whole Numbers
Solution: Align each whole number then add.
Thousands Hundreds Tens Ones

1 1 1
4 4 1
2 1 9
6 7 6
+ 1 4 2
1 4 7 8
Answer: The sum is 1 478.
17. C
Solution: Another method to find the sum is to use associative property.
641 + 423 + 846 + 171 = (641 + 423) + (846 + 171) = 1063 + 1071 = 2080
18. D
Proportion Problem
Solution: The problem can be solved using proportion.
0.5: 0.25 = 1.5: 𝑥
0.5 1.5
=
0.25 𝑥
0.25𝑥 0.5 1.5 0.25𝑥
( )( = )( )
0.5 0.25 𝑥 0.5
1.5 × 0.25
𝑥=
0.5
𝑥 = 1.5 × 0.5
𝑥 = 0.75
Answer: The missing term is 0.75.

19. D
Arithmetic Series
Solution: The first term, 𝑎1 , is 21, the last term, 𝑎𝑛 , is 30 and the number of terms is 10.
𝑛
Formula: 𝑆𝑛 = 2 (𝑎𝑛 + 𝑎1 )
10
𝑆𝑛 = (30 + 21)
2
𝑆𝑛 = 5(51)
𝑆𝑛 = 255
Answer: The sum of the arithmetic sequence is 255.
20. D
Number Pattern using Inductive Approach
Solution: Another method in solving the given series is using patterns.
Look at the sum of each pair of numbers:
201 202 203 204 205

+ 210 + 209 + 208 + 207 + 206
411 411 411 411 411
Notice that each pair has a sum of 411.

Then, 5 pairs of 411 is 2055.
Answer: The sum of the given sequence is 2055.
21. C
Solving Linear equation
Solution: Solve for 𝑥.
16 + 4 + 𝑥 + 27 = 82
𝑥 + (16 + 4 + 27) = 82
𝑥 + 47 = 82
𝑥 = 82 − 47
𝑥 = 35
Answer: The value of 𝑥 is 35.
22. B
14 + 21 + 28 + 𝑥 + 11 = 92
𝑥 + (14 + 21 + 28 + 11) = 92
𝑥 + 74 = 92
𝑥 = 92 − 74
𝑥 = 18
23.
48 + 64 + 29 + 𝑥 = 145
𝑥 + (48 + 64 + 29) = 145
𝑥 + 141 = 145
𝑥 = 145 − 141
𝑥=4

24. B
Solution: Align each whole number then add.
2 1 2
6 6 9
4 0 2
9 1 9
+ 4 8 7
2 4 7 7
25. D
Solution: First, solve for 𝑥.
31 + 16 + 14 + 𝑥 + 46 = 122
𝑥 + (31 + 16 + 14 + 46) = 122
𝑥 + 107 = 122
𝑥 = 122 − 107
𝑥 = 15
Second, solve for 𝑦.
26 + 44 + 13 + 𝑦 + 17 = 102
𝑥 + (26 + 44 + 13 + 17) = 102
𝑥 + 100 = 102
𝑥 = 102 − 100
𝑥=2
Lastly, solve for 𝑥 + 𝑦.

𝑥 + 𝑦 = 15 + 2 = 17
Answer: The value of the expression 𝑥 + 𝑦 is 17.
26. D
47 + 𝑥 + 54 + 10 + 91 = 203
𝑥 + (47 + 54 + 10 + 91) = 203
𝑥 + 202 = 203
𝑥 = 203 − 202
𝑥=1
64 + 99 + 𝑦 + 55 + 6 = 230
𝑥 + (64 + 99 + 55 + 6) = 230
𝑥 + 224 = 230
𝑥 = 230 − 224
𝑥=6
Lastly, solve for 𝑥 + 𝑦.

𝑥+𝑦 =1+6 =7
Answer: The value of the expression 𝑥 + 𝑦 is 7.

27. B
40 + 71 + 19 + 𝑥 + 39 = 195
𝑥 + (40 + 71 + 19 + 39) = 195
𝑥 + 169 = 195
𝑥 = 195 − 169
𝑥 = 26
56 + 45 + 10 + 𝑦 + 14 = 141
𝑥 + (56 + 45 + 10 + 14) = 141
𝑥 + 125 = 141
𝑥 = 141 − 125
𝑥 = 16
Lastly, solve for 𝑥 − 𝑦.

𝑥 − 𝑦 = 26 − 16 = 10
Answer: The value of the expression 𝑥 − 𝑦 is 10.
28. C
81 + 19 + 9 + 16 + 𝑥 = 131
𝑥 + (81 + 19 + 9 + 16) = 131
𝑥 + 125 = 131
𝑥 = 131 − 125
𝑥=6
17 + 4 + 98 + 64 + 𝑦 = 184
𝑥 + (17 + 4 + 98 + 64) = 184
𝑥 + 183 = 184
𝑥 = 184 − 183
𝑥=1
Lastly, solve for 𝑥 − 𝑦.

𝑥−𝑦 =6−1 =5
Answer: The value of the expression 𝑥 − 𝑦 is 10.
29. C
Dividing whole numbers
Solution: Find the remainder by dividing 518 by 8.
64
8 518
48
38
- 32
6
Answer: The remainder is 6.
30. D
Solution: Find the remainder by dividing 2723 by 7.
389
7 2723
21
62
- 56
63
- 63
0
31. D
Multiplying whole numbers
Solution: Another method in multiplying numbers is to expand 150 as the sum of the two numbers.
500 × 150 = 500 × (100 + 50)
= (500 × 100) + (500 × 50)
= 50 000 + 25 000
= 75 000
Answer: The product is 75 000.
32. A
Solution: Find the remainder by dividing 242 066 by 9.
26896
9 242066
18
62
- 54
80
- 72
86
- 81
56
- 54
2
33. A
Divisibility test
Solution: Apply the rule stated in the problem by dividing the last three digits of each number by 8.
A. 21 328 B. 64 917 C. 94 868 D. 160 438

41 114 108 54
8 328 8 917 8 868 8 438
32 8 8 40
8 11 6 38
-8 -8 - 0 - 32
0 37 68 6
- 32 - 64
5 4
Answer: Hence, 21 328 is divisible by 8.

34. B
Divisibility test
A. 48 402 B. 77 712 C. 64 980 D. 80 164
50 89 122 20
8 402 8 712 8 980 8 164
40 64 8 16
2 72 18 4
-0 - 72 - 16 -0
2 0 2 4
35. B
Divisibility test
A. 14 668 B. 24 916 C. 11 328 D. 16 487
83 114 41 60
8 668 8 916 8 328 8 487
64 8 32 48
28 11 8 7
- 24 - 8 -8 -0
4 3 0 7
36. D
Divisibility test
A. 4 465 B. 8 164 C. 2 196 D. 3 168
58 20 24 21
8 465 8 164 8 196 8 168
40 16 16 16
65 4 36 8
- 64 -0 - 32 -8
1 4 4 0
Answer: Hence, 3 168 are divisible by 8.
37. C
Reducing fraction
Solution: Find the common factor of the numerator and denominator then do the cancel it.
205 41 × 5 5
= =
206 41 × 6 6
5
Answer: Hence, the lowest term is .
6
38. C
Reducing fraction
258 43 × 3 × 2 3
= =
344 43 × 4 × 2 4
3
4
39. A
Reducing fraction
Solution: Another method to find the factors of a number is the use of factor tree.
Then write the prime factors in their respective places.

324 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 2 × 2 3 × 3 9
= = =
468 13 × 3 × 3 × 2 × 2 13 13
9
13
40. C
Reducing fraction
8 8 1
= =
32 8 × 4 4
1
4
41. D
Reducing fraction
Solution: Another method to find the factors of a number is the use of factor tree.
Then write the prime factors in their respective places.

1008 7 × 3 × 3 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 3 × 3 9
= = =
1456 13 × 7 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 13 13
9
13
42. A
Comparing fraction
Solution: Use cross-multiplication to determine whether the following equation or inequality is true.
A. B. C. D.
1 2 7 1 8 2 2 3
   
4 8 14 2 8 1 4 3
1 8  4  2 7  2  14  1 1 8  2  8 23  43
88 14  14 8  16 6  12
For numbers 43-46, the following are the reminders to identify the given and the unknown:
a. The base is always the number that comes after the phrase “of or as large as or percent of or part
of.”
b. The rate is always the number that comes before the word “of or as large as or percent of or part
of.”
c. The percentage is the result of find a part of the base.
43. C
Percentage, Base and Rate
Solution: Given: rate = 0.20, base = 115
Answer: Hence, the number is 23.
44. C
45. C
46. C
47. A
Multiplying Decimals by Power of Ten
Solution: To multiply by the power of ten, count the number of the decimal place of the second factor
then move the decimal point of the first factor to the left as their product.
a. 521 × 0.01
The factor 0.01 has two decimal places, then the factor 521 must move two decimal places to the left
for their product, which is 5.21.
b. 532 × 0.001
The factor 0.001 has three decimal places, then the factor 532 must move two decimal places to the
left for their product, which is 0.532.
c. 533 × 0.0001
The factor 0.001 has four decimal places, then the factor 533 must move two decimal places to the
left as their product, which is 0.0533.
Then solve for their sum.

521 × 0.01 + 532 × 0.001 + 533 × 0.0001 = (521 × 0.01) + (532 × 0.001) + (533 × 0.0001)
= 5.21 + 0.532 + 0.0533
= 5.7593
Answer: Hence, the number is 5.7593.
48. A
Adding Integers
Solution: To add the integers, combine integers with like sign. Then add or subtract their results with
unlike signs.
(−5) + (−7) + 3 = [(−5) + (−7)] + 3
= (−12) + 3
= −9
Answer: Hence, the sum is −9.
49. B
Adding Integers
unlike signs.
13 + (−5) + 8 = (13 + 8) + (−5)
= 21 + (−5)
= 16
Answer: Hence, the sum is 16.
50. B
Adding Integers
unlike signs.
(−4) + 6 + (−8) = [(−4) + (−8)] + 6
= (−12) + 6
= −6
51. D
Adding Integers
unlike signs.
10 + (−15) + 3 = (10 + 3) + (−15)
= 13 + (−15)
= −2
52. B
Adding Integers
Solution: To add the integers with like signs, use associative property to add the first two addends
then add their sum with the next integer.
(−12) + (−7) + (−5) = [(−12) + (−7)] + (−5)
= (−19) + (−5)
= −24

53. D
𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 = 20 × (4 + 0.5)
𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 = (20 × 4) + (20 × 0.5)
𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 = 80 + 10
54. A
𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 = 32 × (2 + 0.25)
𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 = (32 × 2) + (32 × 0.25)
𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 = 64 + 8
55. B
4 + 5𝑥 = 24
4 − 4 + 5𝑥 = 24 − 4
0 + 5𝑥 = 20
5𝑥 = 20
5𝑥 20
=
5 5
𝑥=4
56. B
9𝑥 + 9 = −18
9𝑥 + 9 − 9 = −18 − 9
9𝑥 + 0 = −27
9𝑥 = −27
9𝑥 27
=−
9 9
𝑥 = −3
Answer: Hence, the number is −3.

57. D
−12𝑥 − 18 = 18
−12𝑥 − 18 + 18 = 18 + 18
−12𝑥 + 0 = 36
−12𝑥 = 36
−12𝑥 36
=
−12 −12
𝑥 = −3
Answer: Hence, the number is −3.

58. D
Exponential expression
Solution: To rewrite a product into exponential expression, find the exponent by counting the number
of times that the base is being multiplying by itself then place it as subscript of the base.
7 ∙ 7 ∙ 7 ∙ 7 = 74
Answer: Hence, the exponential expression is 74 .

59. D
5 ∙ 5 ∙ 5 ∙ 9 ∙ 9 ∙ 9 ∙ 9 = (5 ∙ 5 ∙ 5) ∙ (9 ∙ 9 ∙ 9 ∙ 9)
= (53 ) ∙ (94 )
= 53 ∙ 94
Answer: Hence, the exponential expression is 53 ∙ 94 .

60. C
3∙3∙3∙8∙8∙3∙8∙8∙8 = 3∙3∙3∙3∙8∙8∙8∙8∙8
= (3 ∙ 3 ∙ 3 ∙ 3 ) ∙ (8 ∙ 8 ∙ 8 ∙ 8 ∙ 8)
= 34 ∙ 85
Answer: Hence, the exponential expression is 34 ∙ 85 .
61. A
𝑥 ∙ 𝑥 ∙ 𝑥 ∙ 𝑥 ∙ 𝑥 ∙ 𝑥 ∙ 𝑥 ∙ 𝑥 ∙ 𝑦 ∙ 𝑦 = (𝑥 ∙ 𝑥 ∙ 𝑥 ∙ 𝑥 ∙ 𝑥 ∙ 𝑥 ∙ 𝑥 ∙ 𝑥 ) ∙ (𝑦 ∙ 𝑦 )
= (𝑥 8 ) ∙ (𝑦 2 )
= 𝑥8 ∙ 𝑦2
Answer: Hence, the exponential expression is 𝑥 8 ∙ 𝑦 2 .
62. D
4 ∙ 4 ∙ 4 ∙ 5 ∙ 5 ∙ 5 ∙ 5 ∙ 5 ∙ 2 ∙ 2 ∙ 2 ∙ 2 ∙ 2 ∙ 2 = (4 ∙ 4 ∙ 4) ∙ ( 5 ∙ 5 ∙ 5 ∙ 5 ∙ 5 ) ∙ (2 ∙ 2 ∙ 2 ∙ 2 ∙ 2 ∙ 2)
= (43 ) ∙ (55 ) ∙ (26 )
= 43 ∙ 55 ∙ 26
Answer: Hence, the exponential expression is 43 ∙ 55 ∙ 26 .

63. D
Solution: To rewrite exponential expression into products, multiply the base nth times as indicated by
its exponent.
4 3 ∙ 54 = (43 ) ∙ (54 )
= (4 ∙ 4 ∙ 4) ∙ (5 ∙ 5 ∙ 5 ∙ 5)
=4∙4∙4∙5∙5∙5∙5
Answer: Hence, the expanded form is 4 ∙ 4 ∙ 4 ∙ 5 ∙ 5 ∙ 5 ∙ 5.
64. B
Solution: To rewrite exponential expression into products, multiply the base nth times as indicated by
its exponent.
𝑥 4 ∙ 𝑦 3 ∙ 𝑧 = (𝑥 4 ) ∙ (𝑦 3 ) ∙ (𝑧 )
= (𝑥 ∙ 𝑥 ∙ 𝑥 ∙ 𝑥 ) ∙ (𝑦 ∙ 𝑦 ∙ 𝑦 ) ∙ (𝑧 )
=𝑥∙𝑥∙𝑥∙𝑥∙𝑦∙𝑦∙𝑦∙𝑧
Answer: Hence, the expanded form is 𝑥 ∙ 𝑥 ∙ 𝑥 ∙ 𝑥 ∙ 𝑦 ∙ 𝑦 ∙ 𝑦 ∙ 𝑧.
65. A
Prime factorization
Solution: Prime factors are any of the prime numbers that can be multiplied to give the original
number.
10 = 2 ∙ 5
Answer: Hence, the prime factor of 10 is 2 ∙ 5.
66. B
Prime factorization
Solution: Prime factors are any of the prime numbers that can be multiplied to give the original
number.
15 = 3 ∙ 5
Answer: Hence, the prime factor of 15 is 3 ∙ 5.
67. B
Prime factorization
Solution: Another method to find the prime factors of a number is to use the factor tree.
60 = 22 ∙ 3 ∙ 5
Answer: Hence, the prime factor of 60 is 22 ∙ 3 ∙ 5.

68. C
Prime factorization
Answer: Hence, the statement “Change the numerator and denominator through the use of reciprocal
process” does NOT belong to the method.
69. C
Multiplying Whole numbers
Solution: To multiply 400 by 375, multiply 4 by 375 then affix two zeros in the product.
1 3 2
3 7 5
× 4
1 5 0 0
Answer: Hence, the product is 150 000.
70. A
Dividing Whole numbers
Solution:
64
375 24000
2250
1500
- 1500
0
Answer: Hence, the quotient is 64.
71. C
Rounding Off Whole numbers
Solution: To round off 399,375 to the nearest thousand, since right side of 9 in thousands place is 3
simply retain the number to be rounded off and change the succeeding place value by zero.
399, 375 → 399,000
Answer: Hence, the round off value is 399,000.
72. D
Reading Decimals
Solution: To read the whole number part then use “and” to represent decimal point and read the
decimal part as a whole and end it with the last decimal place value.
Answer: Hence, 299.303 is read as two hundred ninety nine and three hundred three thousandths.
73. C
Divisibility Test
Solution: One method to verify whether the statement is true or false is to give a counter-example.
a. 26 is divisible by 2 but not divisible by 4.

b. 24 is divisible by 8 but not divisible by 16.
c. 64 is divisible by 4 and divisible by 2.
d. 9 is divisible by 3 but not factored as 3 times 2.
Answer: Hence, the third statement is TRUE.

74. C
Operations of Fractions and Whole Numbers
Solution: To simplify the expression, combined like terms.
1 1 1 1
(66 − 33) + (66 − 33) − (66 − 33) = [ (66 − 33) − (66 − 33)] + (66 − 33)
2 2 2 2
(
= 0 + 66 − 33 )
= (66 − 33)
= 33
Answer: Hence, the simplified answer is 33.
75. C
Comparing fractions and integers
Solution: Use cross-multiplication to determine whether the following equation or inequality is true for
fractions.
a. Negative integer is not greater than positive integer. Hence, −33 ≯ 3.

b.
33 22

99 44
1 1

3 2
1 2  1 3
23
c.
33  23  23  33
10  10
d.
18 1

90 6
18  6  90 1
108  90
Answer: Hence, the correct equation is C.
76. D
Operations of Fractions and Whole Numbers
Solution: To solve for x, factor-out the common term then add the fraction and multiply.
2 4
𝑥 = [ (45) + (45)]
5 9
2 4
𝑥 = 45 × ( + )
5 9
( 2 × 9) + (4 × 5)
𝑥 = 45 × [ ]
45
18 + 20
𝑥 = 45 × [ ]
45
38
𝑥 = 45 × ( )
45
𝑥 = 38
Answer: Hence, the value of 𝑥 is 38.

77. D
Adding of fractions
Solution: To find the sum of the fraction, use least common denominator and change them into like
fractions.
1 1 1 (1 × 4) + (1 × 2 ) + (1 × 1)
+ + =
3 6 12 12
(1 × 4) + (1 × 2 ) + (1 × 1)
=
12
4+2+1
=
12
7
=
12
7
Answer: Hence, the sum is .
12
78. C
Solving linear equations
Solution: To find the value of 16𝑥 + 12 is to multiply both sides of the given equation by 4.
4𝑥 + 3 = 36
4 × (4𝑥 + 3) = (36) × 4
(4 × 4𝑥 ) + (4 × 3) = 36 × 4
16𝑥 + 12 = 144
Answer: Hence, the value of 16𝑥 + 12 is 144.

79. A
Divisibility test
Solution: Since all the given choices are divisible by 3 except for 33 that is also divisible by 11.
Moreover, 33 is also a product of 3 and 11.
Answer: Hence, the value of 𝑝 is 33.

80. A
Solution: Let 𝑥 be the missing number.
Then, translate the sentence “The difference between 6 times a number and 34 is 80.” into an
equation.
6𝑥 − 34 = 80
6𝑥 − 34 + 34 = 80 + 34
6𝑥 + 0 = 114
6𝑥 = 114
6𝑥 114
=
6 6
𝑥 = 19

81. A
Solution: Let 𝑃 be the unknown value of perimeter.
Then, translate the sentence “Three times the perimeter of a parking lot is 39 less than 1500 meter.”
into an equation.
3𝑃 = 1500 − 39
3𝑃 = 1461
3𝑃 1461
=
3 3
𝑃 = 487
Answer: Hence, the perimeter of a lot is 487 meters.

82. A
Solution: Let 𝐵 be the unknown amount of the bill.
Then, translate the sentence “The amount of last month’s telephone bill decreased by the product of
5 and Php50 equals 4 212.” into an equation.
𝐵 − (5 × 50) = 4 212
𝐵 − 250 = 4 212
𝐵 − 250 + 250 = 4 212 + 250
𝐵 + 0 = 4 462
𝐵 = 4 462
Answer: Hence, the amount of the bill is Php4 462.
83. B
Solution: Let 𝑥 be the unknown number of sandwiches.
Then, translate the sentence “Twenty four less than four times the number of sandwiches is 320.” into
an equation.
4𝑥 − 24 = 320
4𝑥 − 24 + 24 = 320 + 24
4𝑥 + 0 = 344
4𝑥 344
=
4 4
𝑥 = 86
Answer: Hence, there are 86 sandwiches.
84. B
Solution: Let 𝐿 be the unknown cost of a lot.
4𝐿 be the unknown cost of a house
Then, translate the sentence “A house and lot are sold for 8 million.” into an equation.
4𝐿 + 𝐿 = 8 000 000
5𝐿 = 8 000 000
5𝐿 8 000000
=
5 5
𝐿 = 1 600 000
Answer: Hence, the cost of a lot is 1.6 million.
85. D
Markdown Problem
Solution: The given are sale price is Php6 300 and discount rate is 0.70, then to find the regular price
use the formula:
𝑆𝑎𝑙𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑒
𝑅𝑒𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑒 =
1 − 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑐𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒
6 300
1 − 0.7
6 300
0.3
𝑅𝑒𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑒 = 21 000
Answer: Hence, the regular pirce of a television set is Php21 000.

86. C
Solution: Let 𝑤 be the unknown value of width of a rectangle
2𝑤 + 4 be the unknown the value of length of a rectangle
Then, translate the sentence “The perimeter is 158 meters.” into an equation.
𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑡𝑒𝑟 = 158
2(𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ + 𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ) = 158
2[(2𝑤 + 4) + 𝑤] = 158
2(2𝑤 + 𝑤 + 4) = 158
2(3𝑤 + 4) = 158
(2 × 3𝑤) + (2 × 4) = 158
6𝑤 + 8 = 158
6𝑤 = 158 − 8
6𝑤 150
=
6 6
𝑤 = 25
Find the value of the length.

2𝑤 + 4 = 2(25) + 4 = 50 + 4 = 54
Lastly, solve for the area of a rectangle.

𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ × 𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = 54 × 25
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = 1 350
Answer: Hence, the area of a rectangle is 1 350 𝑚2.
87. B
Solution: Translate the sentence “Shiela spend Php336 which this amount is 6 times more than
Rechelle had spent.” into an equation.
336 = 6𝑥
6𝑥 = 336
6𝑥 336
=
6 6
𝑥 = 56
Answer: Hence, Rechelle spends Php56.
88. B
Solution: Use the equation of a line 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑏 where 𝑏 is the initial cost, 𝑚 is the rate of cost, 𝑥 is
the number of refill and 𝑦 is the total cost. Hence, 𝑏 is 50, 𝑚 is 12 and 𝑦 is 326 then solve for 𝑥.
𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑏
326 = 12𝑥 + 50
12𝑥 + 50 = 326
12𝑥 = 326 − 50
12𝑥 276
=
12 12
𝑥 = 23
Answer: Hence, Anthony filled up his coffee mug 23 times in that particular week.
89. B
Solution: Let 𝑥 be the unknown number of highest score of Joseph.
Then, translate the sentence “Jhone-Pol scored the highest of 19 win streak which is three wins
streak-scores less than twice the number of win streak done as Joseph’s highest.” into an equation.
19 = 2𝑥 − 3
2𝑥 − 3 = 19
2𝑥 = 19 + 3
2𝑥 = 22
22𝑥 22
=
2 2
𝑥 = 11
Answer: Hence, Joseph has 11 winning streaks.
90. A
Solution: Let 𝑥 be the unknown number of points of STEM.
Then, translate the sentence “The HUMSS scored 43 points which is 5 fewere points than three times
the number STEM did.” into an equation.
43 = 3𝑥 − 5
3𝑥 − 5 = 43
3𝑥 = 43 + 5
3𝑥 = 48
3𝑥 48
=
3 3
𝑥 = 16
Answer: Hence, the score of STEM is 16.
91. A
Solution: Let 𝑥 be the unknown amount of rice, in kilogram.
Then, translate the sentence “Ace’s Lugaw Rice used 5 kilos of rice yesterday which is one-third of
their usual amount.” into an equation.
1
5= 𝑥
3
1
𝑥=5
3
1
3 ( 𝑥) = (5)3
3
𝑥 = 15
Answer: Hence, their usual amount of rice is 15 kilos.
92. D
Translating sentence into an equation
Solution: Let 𝑛 be the unknown number and then translate “Half of a number is 24.” into an equation.
1
𝑛 = 24
2
93. A
Solution: Let 𝑥 be the unknown number of cats of Gella.
Then, translate the sentence “Gella Gaddie has two cats which her friend Nicole has four less than
twice as many as hers.” into an equation.
2 = 2𝑥 − 4
2𝑥 − 4 = 2
2𝑥 = 2 + 4
2𝑥 = 6
2𝑥 6
=
2 2
𝑥=3
Answer: Hence, Nicole has 3 cats.
94. D
Steps in finding least common multiple (LCM)
Solution: Only statement D is not a step in finding LCM.
95. B
Reducing fraction
6 6 1
= =
18 6 × 3 3
1
3
96. A
Reducing fraction
16 4 × 4 4
= =
20 5 × 4 5
4
5
97. D
Reducing fraction
56 14 × 4 4
= =
70 14 × 5 5
4
5
98. B
Finding equivalent fraction
3
Solution: To determine the higher term equivalent for is to multiply both the numerator and
5
denominator by 2 and 3.
3 3×2 6
= =
5 5 × 2 10
3 3×3 9
= =
5 5 × 3 15
9
Answer: Hence, the highest term is .
15
99. C
Proportion Problem
Solution: To find the missing term, use cross-multiplication method.
3 𝑥
=
7 35
3 × 35 = 7 × 𝑥
105 = 7𝑥
7𝑥 = 105
7𝑥 105
=
7 7
𝑥 = 15
Answer: The missing term is 15.
100. D
Proportion Problem
Solution: To find the missing term, use cross-multiplication method.
24 3
=
32 𝑥
24 × 𝑥 = 3 × 32
24𝑥 = 96
24𝑥 96
=
24 24
𝑥=4
Answer: The missing term is 4.
101. B
Age Problem
Solution: Let 𝑥 be the age of Althea
2𝑥 be the age of Lhyndzy
Then, translate the sentence “Five years ago the sum of their ages was 23.” into an equation.
(𝑥 − 5) + (2𝑥 − 5) = 23
𝑥 + 2𝑥 − 5 − 5 = 23
3𝑥 − 10 = 23
3𝑥 = 23 + 10
3𝑥 = 33
3𝑥 33
=
3 3
𝑥 = 11
Answer: Hence, the present age of Althea is 3 years old.
102. C
Divisibility test
Solution: Use listing method to identify the number of integers between 79 and 113 that are divisible
by 4 and 5. Let A be the set that is divisible by 4 and B be the set that is divisible by 5.
A  80,84,88,92,96,100,104,108,112 and B  80,85,90,95,100,105,110

Then, A  B  80,100
Answer: Hence, there are only 2 integers between 79 and 100 that are divisible by 4 and 5.
103. C
Time elapsed problem
Solution: Add the initial time the 5:00 AM by 8 hours.
Note: Please make sure to align the time according to their unit of measurement.
Hour Minute
5 00
+ 8 00
13 00
Then, convert 1300 into 12-hour clock.

Since the sum is past 12:00, subtract 12 from 1300 then affixed PM
Hour Minute
13 00
− 12 00
1 00
Answer: Hence, he receive his first vitamins at 1:00 PM in the same day which is Friday.
104. C
Percent or Rate Problem
Solution: Given: Percentage = 44; Base = 200
Find the rate.
𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒
𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒 = × 100
𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒
44
𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒 = × 100
200
𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒 = 0.22 × 100
𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒 = 22%
Answer: The percentage of the student does not regularly bring their book on a regular day basis is
22%.
105. D
Base Problem
Solution: Given: Percentage = 20; Rate = 200
Find the base.
𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒 =
𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒
20
𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒 =
0.04
2000
𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒 =
4
Answer: The water container can hold 500 mL.
106. C
Measurement Problem
Solution: Given: Area of a warehouse = 765 𝑚2; Area of container = 4.25 𝑚2
Find the total number of container.

𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑎 𝑤𝑎𝑟𝑒ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑠𝑒
𝐶=
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑟
765 𝑚2
𝐶=
4.25 𝑚2
76500
𝐶=
425
𝐶 = 180
Answer: The warehouse can occupy 180 container.
107. D
Rate of Increase Problem
Solution: Given: Base = 8 000; Percentage = 12 000
Find the rate of increase.

𝐻𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑒𝑟 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 − 𝐿𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒
𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑒 = × 100
𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒
12 000 − 8 000
8 000
4 000
8 000
𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑒 = 0.5 × 100
𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑒 = 50%
Answer: The warehouse can occupy 180 container.
108. D
Percentage of Increase Problem
Solution: Given: Base = 4 200; Rate = 3.60
Find the percentage of increase.

𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑒 = 𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒 × (1 + 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒)
𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑒 = 4 200 × (1 + 3.60)
𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑒 = 4 200 × (4.60)
𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑒 = 19 320
Answer: The present price of the lot today is Php19 320.
109. D
Measurement Problem
Solution: To subtract mixed numbers, convert them into improper fraction first then change them into
like fractions.
1 3 17 23 17  2    23 1 34  23 11 3
8 5      2
2 4 2 4 4 4 4 4
3
Answer: It should be cut by 2 cm.
4
110. A
Distance Problem
1
Solution: Given: time = 4 hour and speed = 160 kph
2
Find the distance using the formula:
𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 = 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 × 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒
𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 = 160 𝑘𝑝ℎ × 4.5 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟
𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 = 720 𝑘𝑖𝑙𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟
Answer: The distance covered is 720 km.

111. D
Multiplication Problem
Solution: Just multiply the two factors to find the weight of a freight car in full load.
1
𝐹𝑢𝑙𝑙 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 = 153 × 4
4
1
𝐹𝑢𝑙𝑙 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 = 650
4
1
Answer: The weight of a full load freight car is 650 4 kg.
112. B
Percentage Problem
Solution: Given: Base = 500 L and rate = 0.155.
Find the percentage of decrease.
𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑒𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑒 = 𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒 × (1 − 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒)
𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑒𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑒 = 500 × (1 − 0.155)
𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑒𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑒 = 500 × 0.845
𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑒𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑒 = 422.5
Answer: The remaining liquid in a tank is 422.5 liters.
113. C
Percentage Problem
Solution: Given: Base = 500 L and rate = 1.25.
Find the percentage of increase.
𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑒 = 𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒 × (1 + 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒)
𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑒 = 446 × (1 + 1.25)
𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑒 = 446 × 2.25
𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑒 = 1003.5
Answer: Mr. Balueg receive an amount of Php1003.50 for stock.
114. C
Commission Problem
Solution: Given: Total sales = 155 million and rate of commission = 0.03.
Find the commission.
𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑖𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑖𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 × 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑠
𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑖𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 0.03 × 155 𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑖𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 4.65 𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑜𝑛
Answer: Mr. Michael John has a commission of Php4.65 million.
115. A
Rate Problem
Solution: Given: Total number of examinees who took the examination = 600
Number of examinees who passed the examination = 156.
Find the rate of passer.

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑥𝑎𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑒𝑠 𝑤ℎ𝑜 𝑝𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑥𝑎𝑚
𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒 =
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑥𝑎𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑒𝑠
156
𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒 = × 100
600
𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒 = 0.26 × 100
Answer: Twenty six percent (26%) of the examinees passed the Career Service examination for Sub-
Professional level.
116. C
Rate Problem
Solution: Given: Principal = 800 000 and interest = 96 000.
Find the rate of interest.
𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑡
𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒 = × 100
𝑃𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑝𝑎𝑙
96 000
𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒 = × 100
800 000
𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒 = 0.12 × 100
Answer: The rate of interest is 12%.
117. B
Comparing Rates Problem
Solution: To compare two sale prices by making them as same rate.
Unit price Promo
Php1 550 per unit × 3 =Php4 650 3 for Php3 999
Then, find their difference.

4650 − 3999 = 651
Answer: It would save by Php651.
118. C
Comparing Rates Problem
Solution: To comparing two price rate by making them as same rate.
Weekly Daily
Php2 075 per week Php350 a day × 6 = 2 100

2 100 − 2 075 = 25
Answer: It would be better to use weekly rates and it would be cheaper by Php25.
119. A
Comparing Unit Rates Problem
Solution: To comparing two price rate by making them as same unit rate.
Brand A Brand B
Php64.50 ÷ 1.5L = Php43 per liter Php87.75 ÷ 2.25L = Php39 per liter

43 − 39 = 4
Answer: Their difference is Php4 per liter.
120. C
Finding Unit Rate Problem
Solution: To find the unit rate, divide the price of an item from its length.
𝑃𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑒
𝑈𝑛𝑖𝑡 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 =
𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ
29.95
𝑈𝑛𝑖𝑡 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 =
25
𝑈𝑛𝑖𝑡 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 = 1.198
Then, convert centimeter into meter.

Recall: 1 𝑚 = 100 𝑐𝑚
100 𝑐𝑚
𝑃ℎ𝑝1.198 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑐𝑚 × = 𝑃ℎ𝑝119.8 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟
1𝑚
Answer: The price of the pipe per meter is Php119.80.
121. C
Finding Rate Problem
Solution: To find the missing, divide the unit from the rate.
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑒
𝑁𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠 =
𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑑𝑎𝑦
24 800
𝑁𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠 =
3 100
𝑁𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠 = 8
Answer: It would take 8 days to rent before it would cost more than its price.
122. B
Solution: Let 𝑥 be the shortest side of the triangle
𝑥 + 2 be the other side of the triangle
𝑥 + 6 be the longest side of the triangle
Then, translate the sentence “The perimeter of a triangle is 98.” into an equation.
𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 = 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐
98 = (𝑥 ) + (𝑥 + 2) + (𝑥 + 6)
(𝑥 ) + (𝑥 + 2) + (𝑥 + 6) = 98
3𝑥 + 8 = 98
3𝑥 = 98 − 8
3𝑥 = 90
3𝑥 90
=
3 3
𝑥 = 30
Answer: The shortest side of the triangle is 30 cm.
123. B
Solution: Let 𝑥 be the width of the rectangle
2𝑥 − 2 be the length of the rectangle
Then, translate the sentence “The perimeter of a rectangle is 80.” into an equation.
𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 = 2𝑙 + 2𝑤
80 = 2(2𝑥 − 2) + 2(𝑥)
2(2𝑥 − 2) + 2(𝑥 ) = 80
4𝑥 − 4 + 2𝑥 = 80
6𝑥 − 4 = 80
6𝑥 = 80 + 4
6𝑥 = 84
6𝑥 84
=
6 6
𝑥 = 14
Answer: The width of the rectangle is 14 cm.

124. C
Multiplying fractions
Solution: To find the product of a fraction, multiply their respective numerators and denominators.
Then, simplify your final answer.
3 1 3×1 3 1 1
× = = = =
4 6 4×6 4×2×3 4×2 8
1
8
125. B
1 8 1×8 4×2 2
× = = =
4 9 4×9 4×9 9
2
9
126. D
3 8 5 3×8×5 3×2×4×5 5
× × = = =
4 9 12 4 × 9 × 12 4 × 9 × 3 × 2 × 2 18
5
18
127. D
Dividing fractions
Solution: To find the divide fraction, multiply the dividend by the reciprocal of the divisor then simplify
the answer.
1 3 1 4 1×4 4
÷ = × = =
3 4 3 3 3×3 9
4
9
128. C
Dividing fractions
the answer.
3 5 3 4 3×4 3×4 3
÷ = × = = =
8 4 8 5 8 × 5 2 × 4 × 5 10
3
10
129. C
Dividing fractions
the answer.
5 5 5 12 5 × 12 5 × 2 × 6 2
÷ = × = = = =2
6 12 6 5 6×5 6×5 1
Answer: The product is 2.

130. A
Finding least common denominator
Solution: If the given denominator is smaller value, better to use listing method.
LCD:
6: 6, 12, 18, 24, …
12: 12, 24, 36, …
Answer: The least common denominator is 12.
131. A
Subtracting Unlike Fraction
Solution: In subtracting unlike fraction, change them into similar fraction having a common
denominator then proceed to subtraction of fraction.
LCD:
9: 9, 18, 27, 36, …
12: 12, 24, 36, …
5 5 (5 × 4) − (5 × 3) 20 − 15 5
− = = =
9 12 36 36 36
5
Answer: The least common denominator is .
36
132. C
Base Problem
Solution: Given: rate = 1.25; Percentage = 15.
Find the base.
𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒 =
𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒
15
𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒 =
1.25
1500
𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒 =
125
Answer: The base is 12.
133. A
Base Problem
Solution: Given: rate = 1.6; Percentage = 16.
Find the base.

𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒 =
𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒
16
𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒 =
1.6
160
𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒 =
16
Answer: The base is 10.

134. C
Rate Problem
Solution: Given: base = 15; percentage = 60.
Find the rate.

𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 = × 100
𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒
60
𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 = × 100
15
𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 = 4 × 100
𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 = 400%
Answer: The rate is 400%.
135. D
Rate Problem
Solution: Given: base = 24; percentage = 60.
Find the rate.

𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 = × 100
𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒
60
𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 = × 100
24
𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 = 2.5 × 100
𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 = 250%
Answer: The rate is 250%.
136. D
Reciprocal of a fraction
Solution: The property of reciprocal is “The product of a number and its reciprocal is equal to 1.
2 4
To verify, the reciprocal of is , then find their product.
4 2
2 4 2×4 8
× = = =1
4 2 4×2 8
Answer: The answer is 1.
137. C
Solution: Use cross-multiplication to find the ratio from the proportion.
2 4
=
4 5
2×5=4×4
10 = 16
Answer: Hence, the ratio is 10:16.
138. D
Solution: Use cross-multiplication to find the ratio from the proportion.
1 4
=
2 5
1×5=2×4
5=8
Answer: Hence, the ratio is 5:8.

139. A
Simplifying radical
Solution: In adding radicals, simplify the radical and subtract like radicals. Simplifying radical means if
there are no perfect square factors other than 1 in the radicand.
√150 − √54 = √25 ∙ 6 − √9 ∙ 6
= (√25 ∙ √6) − (√9 ∙ √6)
= (5 ∙ √6) − (3 ∙ √6)
= 5√6 − 3√6
= 2√6
Answer: The difference is 2 6 .
140. B
Translating verbal statement into algebraic expression
Solution: The translation of the phrase “the total of a, b, and c,” is a  b  c .
141. B
Solution: Use elimination method to find the answer quickly. Since 𝑐 and 𝑑 does not indicate
subtraction. Then, translate 𝑎 and 𝑏 to verify the correct answer.
a. 8 less than 𝑥: 𝑥 − 8 b. 𝑥 subtracted from 8: 8 − 𝑥

Answer: Hence, the answer is 𝑏.
142. B
Solution: The translation of the phrase “y times 3,” is 3y .
143. A
Age Problem
Solution: Let 𝑥 be the age of Balueg
2𝑥 + 3 be the age of Joel
Then, translate the sentence “The sum of their ages is 39.” into an equation.
(𝑥 ) + (2𝑥 + 3) = 39
3𝑥 + 3 = 39
3𝑥 = 39 − 3
3𝑥 = 36
3𝑥 36
=
3 3
𝑥 = 12
Lastly, find the age of Joel.

2𝑥 + 3 = 2(12) + 3 = 24 + 3 = 27
Answer: Hence, Balueg is 27 as Joel is to 12.
144. C
Number Problem
Solution: Let 𝑥 be the smaller number
3𝑥 be the larger number
Then, translate the sentence “The difference between two numbers is 7.” into an equation.
3𝑥 − 𝑥 = 7
2𝑥 = 7
2𝑥 7
=
2 2
𝑥 = 3.5
Lastly, find the larger number.
3𝑥 = 3(3.5) = 10.5
Answer: Hence, the smaller number is 3.5 while the larger number is 10.5.
145. C
Number Problem
Solution: Let 𝑥 be the number of set of earrings of Joana
3𝑥 + 5 be the number of set of earring of Viv
Then, translate the sentence “The total number of set of earrings they both have is 257.” into an
equation.
𝑥 + (3𝑥 + 5) = 257
4𝑥 + 5 = 257
4𝑥 = 257 − 5
4𝑥 = 252
4𝑥 252
=
4 4
𝑥 = 63
Answer: Hence, Joana has 63 set of earrings.
146. C
Number Problem
Solution: To find Viv set of earrings, evaluate 3𝑥 + 5 using 𝑥 = 63.
3𝑥 + 5 = 3(63) + 5 = 189 + 5 = 194
Answer: Hence, Viv has 194 set of earrings.
147. D
Finding least common denominator
Solution: Since 5 and 6 are relatively prime. It means that their common factor is 1. To get the LCD,
just get their product which is 6 × 5 = 30.
148. B
Changing decimals into mixed numbers
Solution: To change decimals into mixed numbers, expand the decimals then change the decimal into
fractions and simplify if possible.
5 1 1
2.5 = 2 + 0.5 = 2 + = 2+ = 2
10 2 2
1
Answer: Hence, the equivalent mixed number is 2 .
2
149. C
75 3 3
6.75 = 6 + 0.75 = 6 + =6+ =6
100 4 4
3
4
150. B
9 9 9
57.9 = 57 + 0.9 = 57 + = 57 + = 57
10 10 10
9
10
151. C
7124 1781 1781
6.7124 = 6 + 0.7124 = 6 + =6+ =6
10 000 2 500 2500
1781
2500
152. A
Adding decimals
Solution: To add decimals, arranged in column, align the decimal point together with the digits of the
same decimal place value and order in vertical line then affix zero for the missing decimal places, if
possible. Add the numbers from top to bottom.
Tens Hundreds . Tenths Hundredths Thousandths
1 1
9 . 1 8 3
+ 2 . 1 4 0
1 1 . 3 2 3
Answer: Hence, the sum is 11.323.

153. C
Adding decimals
Tens Ones Tenths Hundredths Thousandths Ten
. Thousandths
1
2 . 1 2 4 0
+ 3 . 1 5 6 7
5 . 2 8 0 7

154. B
Adding decimals
Tens Ones Tenths Hundredths Thousandths Ten
. Thousandths
8 . 5 6 3 2
+ 1 . 2 3 6 5
9 . 7 9 9 7
155. A
Adding decimals
Hundreds Tens Ones Tenths Hundredths Thousandths Ten
. Thousandths
1 1 1
8 4 1 . 0 0 5 6
4 7 . 0 1 6 0
+ 1 9 . 0 5 8 0
9 0 7 . 0 7 9 6
156. A
Subtracting decimals
Solution: To subtract decimals, arranged in column, align the decimal point together with the digits of
the same decimal place value and order in vertical line then affix zero for the missing decimal places,
if possible. Subtract the numbers from top to bottom.
Tens Ones . Tenths Hundredths Thousandths
15 9 10
0 5 10 0 10
1 6 . 0 1 0
− 7 . 0 6 3
8 . 9 4 7
Answer: Hence, the difference is 8.947.
157. D
Multiplying decimals
Solution: To multiply decimals, multiply just like the whole numbers. The product must have as many
decimal places as there are in the factors.
Hundreds Tens Ones . Tenths Hundredths
1 1
5 4 2
6 . 5 3
× 1 . 2 9
1 1
1 5 8 7 7
1 3 0 6 0
6 5 3 0 0
8 4 2 3 7
Since there are two decimal places for each factor, then the product has four decimal places and the
decimal point should be placed between 8 and 4.
Answer: Hence, the product is 8.4237.

158. B
Multiplying decimals
Solution: To multiply decimals, multiply just like the whole numbers. The product must have as many
decimal places as there are in the factors.
Hundreds Tens Ones . Tenths Hundredths
1 1
1 1 1
3 . 5 6
× 2 . 3 0
0 0 0 0
1 0 6 8 0
7 1 2 0 0
8 1 8 8 0
Since there are two decimal places for each factor, then the product has four decimal places and the
decimal point should be placed between 8 and 1.
Answer: Hence, the product is 8.1880 or 8.188.
159. D
Dividing decimals
Solution: To divide decimals, divide just like the whole numbers. A decimal divisor must become a
whole number by multiplying both the divisor and dividend by the power of ten or moving decimal
point of the divisor until it become a whole number.
4.6
7.1 32.66  71 326.6
284
426
- 426
0
Answer: Hence, the quotient is 4.6.

160. D
Dividing decimals
Solution: To divide decimals, divide just like the whole numbers. A decimal divisor must become a
whole number by multiplying both the divisor and dividend by the power of ten or moving decimal
point of the divisor until it become a whole number.
2.1
0.513 1.0773  513 1077.3
1026
513
- 513
0
Answer: Hence, the quotient is 2.1.

161. D
Changing decimals to fraction
Solution: To change decimals into fraction, divide the decimal by its place value then simplify if
possible.
6 3
0.6 = =
10 5
3
Answer: Hence, the equivalent fraction is .
5
162. B
Changing fraction to decimal
Solution: To change fraction to decimals, divide the numerator by the denominator.
0.75
4 3.00
28
20
- 20
0
Answer: Hence, the equivalent decimals is 0.75.
163. D
0.2
5 1.0
10
0

164. D
0.8333...
6 5.0000...
48
20
- 18
20
- 18
20
- 18
2
̅̅̅̅̅.
Answer: Hence, the equivalent decimals is 0.8333
165. D
Changing mixed numbers to decimal
Solution: To change mixed numbers to decimals, separate the whole number part and the fraction
part. Convert the fraction into decimals by dividing the numerator by the denominator then add the
whole number part.
1
Convert into decimals.
8
0.125
8 1.000
8
20
- 16
40
- 40
0
Add 0.125 by 5.
1
5+ = 5 + 0.125 = 5.125
8
166. D
Changing fractions to decimal
0.1625
80 13.0000
80
500
- 480
200
- 160
400
- 400
0
167. D
Changing fractions to percent
Solution: To change fraction to percent, divide the numerator by the denominator. Multiply the
quotient by 100 the affix the percent sign.
0.75
4 3.00
28
20
- 20
0
Multiply 0.75 by 100 and affix percent sign to the product.

0.75 × 100 = 75%
Answer: Hence, the equivalent percent is 75%.
168. A
0.25
4 1.00
8
20
- 20
0
Multiply 0.25 by 100 and affix percent sign to the product

0.25 × 100 = 25%

169. B
1.6
5 8.0
5
30
- 30
0
Multiply 1.6 by 100 and affix percent sign to the product

1.6 × 100 = 160%
170. A
0.444...
9 4.000...
36
40
-36
40
-36
4
̅̅̅̅̅ by 100 and affix percent sign to the product

Multiply 0. 444
4
0. ̅̅̅̅̅
444 × 100 = 44. ̅44
̅̅̅% 𝑜𝑟 44 %
9
4
Answer: Hence, the equivalent percent is 44 9 %.
171. C
Changing decimals to percent
Solution: To change decimals to percent, multiply the decimal by 100 or move two decimal places to
the right. Then affix the percent sign.
0.75 × 100 = 75%

172. A
0.62 × 100 = 62%

173. A
8.4 × 100 = 840%

174. B
0.64172 × 100 = 64.172%
Answer: Hence, the equivalent percent is 64.172%.
175. B
Changing percent to decimals
Solution: To change percent to decimals, remove the percent sign then divide the decimal by 100 or
move two decimal places to the left.
12 ÷ 100 = 0.12
Answer: Hence, the equivalent decimal is 0.12.
176. D
48 ÷ 100 = 0.48
177. C
659 ÷ 100 = 6.59
178. C
0.3112 ÷ 100 = 0.003112
179. B
Solution: The translation of the phrase “sum of 𝑎 and 𝑏,” is a  b .
180. B
Solution: The translation of the phrase “product of 𝑎 and 𝑏,” is ab .
181. B
Simplifying number expression
Solution: To simplify number expression, use the principle of GEMDAS as in groupings, exponent,
multiplication or division, addition or subtraction.
16 + 4 ∙ 9 = 16 + 36 = 52
Answer: Hence, the answer is 52.

182. A
(27 − 8) + 7(16 + 12) = 19 + 7(18) = 19 + 126 = 145
183. C
8 + 2[4 + 3(6 − 1)] = 8 + 2[4 + 3(5)]

= 8 + 2[4 + 15]
= 8 + 2[19]
= 8 + 38
= 46
184. C
6  4  2  3 19  17   6  4  2  3  2  

18  2  2  3  2  18  2  6  2
6  4  2  6

18  2 8
6  4  8

18  16
6  32

18  16
38

2
 19
185. C
Verifying equation
Solution: To verify whether the equation is true, then simplify both sides of the equation.
(2 + 6) + 1 = 2 + (6 + 1)
8+1 = 2+7
9=9
186. A
Identifying patterns in sequence
Solution: Identify the pattern given in the sequence.
6+1=7
7 + 3 = 10
10 + 5 = 15
15 + 7 = 22
22 + 9 = 31
Since each term is added by the set of odd numbers, then the next two terms are:
31 + 11 = 42
42 + 13 = 55
Answer: Hence, the answer are 42 and 55.
187. A
6+1=7
7 + 3 = 10
10 + 5 = 15
15 + 7 = 22
22 + 9 = 31
Since each term is added by the set of odd numbers, then the next two terms are:
31 + 11 = 42
42 + 13 = 55
Answer: Hence, the answer are 42 and 55.
188. A
100 = 1
101 = 10
102 = 100
103 = 1 000
104 = 10 000
105 = 100 000
Since each term is a power of term and the exponent is increases by 1 then the remaining two terms
are:
106 = 1 000 000
107 = 10 000 000
Answer: Hence, the answer are 1 000 000 and 10 000 000.
189. A
1 2 1
×2= =
6 6 3
1 1 1
× =
3 3 9
1 4
×4=
3 9
4 1 4
× =
9 5 45
4 24 8
×6= =
45 45 15
Since each term is multiplied by whole even number and alternately it is multiplied by the reciprocal of
odd numbers then the remaining two terms are:
8 1 8
× =
15 7 105
8 64
×8=
15 105
8 64
Answer: Hence, the answer are and .
105 105
190. A
J is January, F is February, M is March, A is April, M is May, J is June and J is July
Since each term is the first letter of the month then the remaining two terms are:
August and September
Answer: Hence, the answer are A and S.
191. C
O is one, T is two, T is three, F is four, F is five, S is six, S is seven, E is eight and N is nine
Since each term is the first letter of a whole then the remaining two terms are:
Ten and Eleven
Answer: Hence, the answer are T and E.
192. C
M is Mercury, V is Venus, E is Earth, and M is Mars
Since each term is the first letter of planet of the Solar system then the remaining two terms are:
Jupiter and Saturn
Answer: Hence, the answer are J and S.
193. C
H is hydrogen, He is helium, Li is lithium and Be is bellium
Since each term is the first letter of the elements in Periodic table then the remaining two terms are:
Boron and Carbon
Answer: Hence, the answer are B and C.
194. B
Arithmetic Sequence
Solution: To find the common difference, subtract the previous term from the preceding term.
9−5= 4
13 − 9 = 4
17 − 13 = 4
Answer: Hence, the common difference is 4.

195. B
12 = 1
22 = 4
32 = 9
42 = 16
Since each term is the square of the natural numbers then the next terms is 52 = 25.
Answer: Hence, 25 is the next term.
196. C
Geometric sequence
Solution: To find the common ratio, divide the preceding term by the previous term.
16 1
=
32 2
8 1
=
16 2
4 1
=
8 2
2 1
=
4 2
Answer: Hence, ½ is the common ratio.
197. B
50 = 1
51 = 5
52 = 25
53 = 125
Since each term is a multiple of five then the next terms is 54 = 625.
198. B
46 − 13 = 33
99 − 46 = 53
172 − 99 = 73
265 − 172 = 93
Since each term is added by an increasing number then the next terms is 265 + 113 = 378.
199. A
Geometric sequence
4 × (−3) = −12
−12 × (−3) = 36
Since each term is being multiplied by -3 then the next terms is 36 × (−3) = −108.
Answer: Hence, -108 is the next term.
200. A
Arithmetic sequence
Solution: To find the common difference, subtract the previous term from the preceding term.
13 13 − 12 1
−3 = =
4 4 4
7 13 14 − 13 1
− = =
2 4 4 4
15 7 15 − 14 1
− = =
4 2 4 4
Answer: Hence, the common difference is ¼.

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SOLUTION MANUAL.

Then, subtract 15 from 36.

Answer: There are 21 booklets are left in the box.

Find the base.

Answer: The number is 55.

Lastly, convert 2045 into 12-hour clock.

Answer: The time will be 8:45 PM.

Answer: There are 14 dots in the rectangular figure.

Find the percentage.

Answer: Rachelle should lose 26 kilogram to achieve her ideal weight.

𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ: 𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ = 𝑒𝑛𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑑 𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ: 𝑒𝑛𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑑 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ

Answer: The length will be 24 inches.

Answer: The angle made by the hands of a clock at 3 o’clock is 90°.

Answer: The height of the pole is 10 feet.

Answer: Czarina runs 6 kilometer daily.

Answer: The expression 5 + 4 + 6 has the least numerical value.

Thousands Hundreds Tens Ones

Answer: The sum is 1 478.

Answer: The sum is 2 080.

Answer: The missing term is 0.75.

Answer: The sum of the arithmetic sequence is 255.

201 202 203 204 205

Notice that each pair has a sum of 411.

Answer: The sum of the given sequence is 2055.

Answer: The value of 𝑥 is 35.

Answer: The value of 𝑥 is 18.

Answer: The value of 𝑥 is 4.

Answer: The sum is 2 477.

Lastly, solve for 𝑥 + 𝑦.

Answer: The value of the expression 𝑥 + 𝑦 is 17.

Lastly, solve for 𝑥 + 𝑦.

Answer: The value of the expression 𝑥 + 𝑦 is 7.

Lastly, solve for 𝑥 − 𝑦.

Answer: The value of the expression 𝑥 − 𝑦 is 10.

Lastly, solve for 𝑥 − 𝑦.

Answer: The value of the expression 𝑥 − 𝑦 is 10.

Answer: The remainder is 0.

Answer: The product is 75 000.

Answer: The remainder is 2.

A. 21 328 B. 64 917 C. 94 868 D. 160 438

Answer: Hence, 21 328 is divisible by 8.

Answer: Hence, 77 712 is divisible by 8.

Answer: Hence, 24 916 is divisible by 8.

Answer: Hence, 3 168 are divisible by 8.

Then write the prime factors in their respective places.

Then write the prime factors in their respective places.

Then solve for their sum.

Answer: Hence, the sum is −24.

Answer: Hence, the number is 90.

Answer: Hence, the number is 72.

Answer: Hence, the number is 4.

Answer: Hence, the number is −3.

Answer: Hence, the number is −3.

Answer: Hence, the exponential expression is 74 .

Answer: Hence, the exponential expression is 53 ∙ 94 .

Answer: Hence, the exponential expression is 𝑥 8 ∙ 𝑦 2 .

Answer: Hence, the exponential expression is 43 ∙ 55 ∙ 26 .

Answer: Hence, the expanded form is 4 ∙ 4 ∙ 4 ∙ 5 ∙ 5 ∙ 5 ∙ 5.

Answer: Hence, the expanded form is 𝑥 ∙ 𝑥 ∙ 𝑥 ∙ 𝑥 ∙ 𝑦 ∙ 𝑦 ∙ 𝑦 ∙ 𝑧.

Answer: Hence, the prime factor of 10 is 2 ∙ 5.

Answer: Hence, the prime factor of 15 is 3 ∙ 5.

Answer: Hence, the prime factor of 60 is 22 ∙ 3 ∙ 5.

Answer: Hence, the product is 150 000.