Calculus 2

INTEGRAL CALCULUS
Integration by Parts
Integration
  by parts is a technique for performing integration by expanding the differential
of a product of functions d(uv) and expressing the original integral .
A single integration by parts starts with

𝑑
  ( 𝑢𝑣 )=𝑢𝑑𝑣 +𝑣𝑑𝑢

And integrates both sides,

∫ 𝑑 ( 𝑢𝑣 )=¿∫ 𝑢𝑑𝑣+∫ 𝑣𝑑𝑢¿

 

𝑢𝑣=∫ 𝑢𝑑𝑣+∫ 𝑣𝑑𝑢

 

∫ 𝒖𝒅𝒗=𝒖𝒗−∫ 𝒗𝒅𝒖
 
 Integration by Parts

Examples: Evaluate the following integral.

5 3
Show Solution
1.∫ 𝑥cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
  Show Solution
6.∫ 𝑥 √ 𝑥 +1𝑑𝑥
 

6𝑥
Show Solution 2.∫ 𝑥 𝑒 𝑑𝑥
 
Show Solution   𝑥
7 .∫ 𝑥 4 𝑒 𝑑𝑥
2

𝑥
Show Solution
3.∫ 𝑒 cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
 

2 3𝑥
Show Solution
4 .∫ 𝑥 𝑒 𝑑𝑥
 

3
Show Solution
5.∫ 𝑥 sin3𝑥 𝑑𝑥
 

NEXT
Integration by Parts

1.  ∫ 𝑥cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 2.  ∫ 𝑥 𝑒6 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

Let: Let:  
  𝑒6 𝑥
  6𝑥
𝑑𝑣= 𝑒 𝑑𝑥 𝑣 =
𝑑𝑣=cos
  x 𝑑𝑥 𝑣 =sin 𝑥 6
Then Then
6𝑥 6𝑥
  𝑥 𝑒 𝑒
∫ 𝑥 cos 𝑥𝑑𝑥=𝑥 sin 𝑥−∫ sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
  6𝑥
∫ 𝑑𝑥 = 6 −∫ 6 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 𝑒
  𝑥 𝑒6 𝑥 1 6𝑥
¿  𝒙 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙 +𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙+𝑪 ¿ − ∫ 𝑒 𝑑𝑥
6 6
𝟔𝒙
  𝒙𝒆 𝒆𝟔𝒙
¿ − +𝐂
𝟔 𝟑𝟔
Integration by Parts

3.  ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
Then
Let:   𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
  ∫ 𝑒 cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥=𝑒 sin 𝑥− ( −𝑒 cos 𝑥+∫ 𝑒 cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥)
𝑑𝑣=cos
  x 𝑑𝑥 𝑣 =sin 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝒙
Then ¿𝑒 sin 𝑥+𝑒 cos 𝑥−∫ 𝒆 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙𝒅𝒙
 

𝑥 𝑥 𝒙
∫ 𝑒 cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥=𝑒 sin 𝑥−∫ 𝒆 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝒙 𝒅𝒙
 
Since the integral is exactly the same as the
given, then:
The resulting integral is still a product.
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
Now let: 2∫ 𝑒 cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥=𝑒 sin 𝑥+𝑒 cos 𝑥
 

    𝒙 𝟏 𝒙 𝒙
∫ 𝒆 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙 𝒅𝒙= ( 𝒆 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙+ 𝒆 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙 ) +𝑪
𝟐
𝑑𝑣=sin
  x 𝑑𝑥 𝑣=−cos 𝑥
Integration by Parts

4  .∫ 𝑥 2 𝑒 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥
Let: Let:
   
 𝑑𝑣= 𝑒3 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑣 = 1 𝑒 3 𝑥
3  𝑑𝑣= 𝑒3 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑣 = 1 𝑒 3 𝑥
3
Then
Then
  1 2 3𝑥 1 3𝑥
∫ 𝑥
2 3𝑥
𝑒 𝑑𝑥=
3
𝑥 𝑒 − ∫ 3 ( )
𝑒 2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥   1
¿
3
2 3𝑥
𝑥 𝑒 − ( 2 3𝑥 2
9
3𝑥
𝑥 𝑒 − ∫ 𝑒 𝑑𝑥
9 )
  1 2 3𝑥 2 3𝑥
¿ 𝑥 𝑒 − ∫ 𝑥 𝑒 𝑑𝑥 1 2 3𝑥 2 3 𝑥 2
3 3   3𝑥
¿ 𝑥 𝑒 − 𝑥 𝑒 + ∫ 𝑒 𝑑𝑥
3 9 9
The resulting integral is still a product.
  𝟏 𝟐 𝟑𝒙 𝟐 𝟑𝒙
𝟐 𝟑𝒙
¿ 𝒙 𝒆 − 𝒙𝒆 + 𝒆 +𝑪
𝟑 𝟗 𝟐𝟕
 Integration by Parts

5.  ∫ 𝑥 3 sin3𝑥 𝑑𝑥 Then

Let:
  𝑥3 𝑥2 2
¿− 𝑐𝑜𝑠3 𝑥+ 𝑠𝑖𝑛 3 𝑥 − ∫ 𝒙𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟑 𝒙𝒅𝒙
  3 3 3
  1 The resulting integral is still a product.
𝑑𝑣= 𝑠𝑖𝑛 3 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑣=− 𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 𝑥
3
Then
Let:
3
  𝑥 1  
(
∫ 𝑥 sin 3 𝑥 𝑑𝑥=¿− 3 𝑐𝑜𝑠3 𝑥−∫ − 3 𝑐𝑜𝑠3 𝑥   ( 3 𝑥2 𝑑𝑥 ) ¿
3
)  
𝑑𝑣= 𝑠𝑖𝑛 3 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑣=−
1
𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 𝑥
  𝑥3 𝟐 Then 3
¿ − 𝑐𝑜𝑠3 𝑥+∫ 𝒙 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟑 𝒙𝒅𝒙
3   𝑥3 𝑥2 2𝑥 1
The resulting integral is still a product. ¿− 𝑐𝑜𝑠3 𝑥+ 𝑠𝑖𝑛 3 𝑥 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 𝑥+ ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 𝑥𝑑𝑥
3 3 9 9
Let:
    𝒙𝟑 𝒙𝟐 𝟐𝒙 𝟏
¿ − 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟑 𝒙+ 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟑 𝒙 − 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟑 𝒙 + 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟑 𝒙+ 𝐂
1 𝟑 𝟑 𝟗 𝟐𝟕
 
𝑑𝑣= 𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑣 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 3 𝑥
3
Integration by Parts

5 3 3 2 3
6.∫ 𝑥 √ 𝑥 +1𝑑𝑥 ¿∫ 𝑥 𝑥 √ 𝑥 +1𝑑𝑥
   

Let:
 
3
  2 3 2 3 2
𝑑𝑣= 𝑥 √ 𝑥 +1 𝑑𝑥 𝑣= ( 𝑥 +1 )
9

Then 3
  3 3 2 3
5 3 2 𝑥 ( 𝑥 +1 ) 2
∫ 𝑥 √ 𝑥 +1 𝑑𝑥= − ∫ 𝑥 2 ( 𝑥3 +1 ) 2 𝑑𝑥
9 3
3 5
  9 𝑥 3 ( 𝑥3 +1 ) 2 3 2
4 ( 𝑥 +1 )
¿ − +𝐶
2 45
Integration by Parts
𝑥
- start off by choosing u and dv 
  - instead of computing du and v, put these into the table
7 .∫ 𝑥 4 𝑒 𝑑𝑥 2
- then differentiate down the column corresponding to u until
it hit zero
- in the column corresponding to dv, integrate once for each
Let entry in the first column
- There is also a third column (sign) and it always starts with
u dv sign a “+” and then alternates signs
𝑥 - multiply along the diagonals
 𝑥 4  𝑒 2 +¿
  - In front of each product put the sign in the third column that
−
𝑥
3 corresponds to the “u” term for that product.
4  𝑥  2 𝑒 2  
𝑥
  𝑥2
12  4 𝑒 2 +¿
 

 −
𝑥
2  4 𝑥  8 𝑒 2   𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥

2  4  
16 𝑒
𝑥
2
+¿
  ∫ 𝑥4 𝑒 2
𝑑𝑥=2 𝑥 4 𝑒 −16 𝑥 3 𝑒 + 96 𝑥2 𝑒 − 384 𝑥 𝑒 +768 𝑒 +𝐶
2 2 2 2 2

−
𝑥
 0  32 𝑒 2