The block diagram of a communication system will have five blocks, including the information source,

transmitter, channel, receiver and destination blocks.

1.Information source :-The objective of any communication system is to convey information from one
point to the other. The information comes from the information source, which originates it

2.Transmitter :-The objective of the transmitter block is to collect the incoming message signal and
modify it in a suitable fashion (if needed), such that, it can be transmitted via the chosen channel to the
receiving point.

3.Channel :-Channel is the physical medium which connects the transmitter with that of the receiver.

4.Receiver:-The receiver block receives the incoming modified version of the message signal from the
channel and processes it to recreate the original (non-electrical) form of the message signal.

5.Destination:-The destination is the final block in the communication system which receives the
message signal and processes it to comprehend the information present in it.Usually, humans will be the
destination block.

Modulation index

The modulation index of an amplitude modulated signal is defined as the measure or extent of
amplitude varIn other words the amplitude modulation index describes the amount by which the
modulated carrier envelope varies about the static level.

This can be expressed in mathematical terms as below:

Modulation Index, m=M/A

Where:

A = the carrier amplitude.

M = the modulation amplitude and is the peak change in the RF amplitude from its un-modulated
value.

Need of modulation

We live in a digitally advanced era where the need for wires is no longer a necessity to be connected to
everyone. Messages, information and signals are sent from one part of the world to another within
minutes. The modulation process plays a major role in the fast transmission of signals. Below, we have
mentioned a few of its importance in the communication system:

Angle modulation

Angle Modulation is the process in which the frequency or the phase of the carrier signal varies
according to the message signal. The standard equation of the angle modulated wave is. S(t)=Accosθi(t)
Where, Ac is the amplitude of the modulated wave, which is the same as the amplitude of the carrier
signal.