1. What is Industry 4.0 in the context of 2023?

Industry 4.0 is the application of new technologies, which mostly related to using data and
computer, in manufacturing.
To be more specific, Industry 4.0 in the context of 2023 focuses on using new technologies,
which was also called “digital technologies”, including Internet of Thing ( IoT), cloud computing
and analytics, AI and machine learning in their production and operation process.
2. What is digital economy? The contents of digital economy? The current state and future
perspective of digital economy in 2025 and 2030?
Digital economy:
In the mid-90s, Don Tapscott, a Canadian finance expert, wrote The Digital Economy to describe
his opinions about how the Internet and digital information will affect the global economy in the
future.
There are no common agreed definitions of the term “digital economy” among governments,
businesses, or Organizations. However, Digital Economy is usually understood that the use of
new technologies and digital information in economic activities by companies for improving their
production process, trading goods, and customer services.
What is the contents of digital economy?
In the past, the digital economy also referred as the internet economy, the web economy or the
new economy because of its reliance on internet connectivity. However, unlike the internet
economy or web economy, which describes any economy activities that occurs online, the digital
economy is more advanced and complex. Not just using computers and the internet to exchange
online, the digital economy uses the latest technologies for specific purposes in specific sections
such as the internet of thing ( IoT) to connect the physical world and digital world or the big data
for collecting and analyzing the customer’s interests. All of those activities are just for one
ultimate purpose, do what we had done by the new way which is faster and more effective.
The current state and future perspective of digital economy in 2025 and 2030.
Todays, the new technology changes the world. The trend is that focusing on creating digital
products instead of physical products. The largest companies in the world now mostly is in the
digital industry, for example, Apple, Microsoft, or Meta. Those digital companies create tech
products related to using new technologies such as IOS operating system of Apple, Window
operating system of Microsoft, and Facebook platform of Meta. To emphasize of the growing of
digital economy, Tom Goodwin made an observation that the world’s largest accommodation
owns no real estate, the world’s largest taxi company owns no vehicles, and the world’s largest
media company creates no content.
 In the future, maybe in 2025 or 2030, the digital economy will increase sharply. Many facilities
and companies have to adopt to this trend or they will die.
3. What is digital transformation? The contents of digital transformation? The current state
and future perspective of digital transformation in 2025 and 2030?
What is digital transformation
Digital transformation refers a company or an organization applying the technologies of the
fourth industrial revolution into their working process in order to improving their manufacturing
process, customer services.
The contents of digital transformation
Technology drives both the need for digital transformation and supports the digitization of an
organization. Although no single application or technology enables transformation, several digital
transformation technologies are critical to digitalization:
1. Cloud computing, which gives an organization quicker access to its software, new
functionalities and updates, along with data storage, from anywhere at all times;
2. commoditized information technology, which gives an organization the ability to focus
investment dollars and people resources on the IT customizations that differentiate it in the
marketplace;
3. mobile platforms, which enable work to happen wherever and whenever;
4. additional emerging transformational technologies that help organizations to move faster,
work more efficiently, and create new products and services, including the following:
- blockchain
- augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR)
- social media
- IoT
- edge computing

The current state and future perspective of digital transformation in 2025 and 2030

The digitization of society started in the late 20th century and underwent rapid acceleration in the
first two decades of the 21st century, spurring a growing need for digital transformation across
industries.

Indeed, many organizations believe they must either adapt to the changing market forces driven
by digitization or face extinction. According to the Digital Transformation Index 2020 from Dell
Technologies, a third of enterprise leaders are worried their organizations will not survive in the
 upcoming years, while 60% thought they'd survive but would shed many additional jobs and take
years to return to profitability.

The need for transformation is exemplified in the often-cited case of Blockbuster LLC, which, in
the early 2000s, was a global entity with video rental stores throughout the United States and
around the world. But its presence and relevance precipitously declined from about 2005 onward,
as Netflix and others harnessed emerging technologies and capitalized on the consumer appetite
for on-demand entertainment delivered via highly profitable streaming video services. The power
of digital technologies to disrupt is also evident in the rise of Amazon from online bookseller to
an electronic commerce (e-commerce) juggernaut that redefined the retail industry.

4. What are digital economy and digital transformation policies of Vietnamese government?
The Vietnam Government views digital transformation across the broader economy as critical to
continued growth and prosperity. At the moment, multiple agencies are charged with supporting
and regulating different aspects of the digital economy in Vietnam. The current regulatory
framework consists of commercial regulations and decrees issued by various ministries.
Currently, for telecommunications and ICT industry-related issues, the Ministry of Information
and Communication is the main agency.
Vietnam’s new Law on Cybersecurity (CSL) was ratified by the National Assembly on June 12,
2018, and came into effect on January 1, 2019. The law imposes obligations on domestic and
foreign companies providing services to customers in Vietnam over telecom networks or the
Internet. Under the law, both onshore and offshore online service providers are required to store
Vietnamese users’ information within Vietnam for a certain period of time. Vietnam’s
datalocalization policies are part of a broad effort to control Internet-based activities, with the
stated objectives including public security as well as commercial goals.

5. What are relationships between industry 4.0, digital economy and digital transformation?
In the Industry 4.0 environment, the interconnected computers, smart materials, and intelligent
machines communicate with one another, interact with the environment, and eventually make
decisions with minimal human involvement (Gilchrist, 2016). The digital connectedness and
information development and sharing, as the true power of Industry 4.0, may have contradictory
impacts on triple bottom line (economic, environmental, and social) sustainability (Jabbour et al.,
2018a, Jabbour et al., 2018b, Kamble et al., 2019, Müller et al., 2018b). Digitizing manufacturing
and business processes and deploying smarter machines and devices may offer numerous
 advantages such as manufacturing productivity, resource efficiency, and waste reduction
(Tortorella and Fettermann, 2018). In contrast, an increased rate of production thanks to industrial
automation would be associated with higher resource and energy consumption as well as elevated
pollution concerns (Beier et al., 2017, Liu and Bae, 2018). Viewed from the social development
perspective, digital transformation and the restructuring of the industry are expected to disrupt the
labour market severely. Experts believe digitization and the emergence of labour-saving
technologies (e.g., intelligent robots, autonomous vehicles, and cloud solutions) will eliminate the
majority of lower-skilled jobs while creating countless job opportunities in various areas such as
automation engineering, control system design, machine learning, and software engineering
(Brougham and Haar, 2018, Frey and Osborne, 2017).
The research on the sustainability impact of the fourth industrial revolution is in its nascence, and
the sustainability implications of Industry 4.0 in terms of economic, environmental, and social
impacts of manufacturing digitization requires further exploration. The present study addresses
this issue by modelling the process through which Industry 4.0 - characterized by its underlying
digital technologies and design principles – can positively contribute to sustainable economic,
environmental, and social development. Therefore, the study first offers a concise discussion on
the concept of Industry 4.0 phenomenon and its functionalities. The study further employs
Interpretive Structural Modelling (ISM) to identify Industry 4.0 functions for sustainability. In
doing so, the study first performs a state-of-the-art content-driven review and analysis of the
literature to identify the critical sustainability functions of Industry 4.0. After capturing the
opinions of smart manufacturing, digitization, and sustainability experts, and further mapping the
interrelationships among sustainability functions identified, the study performs ‘Matrice
d’Impacts Croisés Multiplication Appliquée àun Classement’ (MICMAC) analysis and obtains
the driving and dependence power of the sustainability functions. Finally, the study discusses the
findings and explains how the underlying design principles and technology trends of Industry 4.0
can function favourably in support of sustainability.

6. Describe your action of applying technologies of industry 4.0, digital economy and digital
transformation in your future career.
Neither technology nor the disruption that comes with it is an exogenous force over which
humans have no control. All of us are responsible for guiding its evolution, in the decisions we
make on a daily basis as citizens, consumers, and investors. We should thus grasp the opportunity
and power we have to shape the Fourth Industrial Revolution and direct it toward a future that
reflects our common objectives and values. To do this, however, we must develop a
comprehensive and globally shared view of how technology is affecting our lives and reshaping
our economic, social, cultural, and human environments. There has never been a time of greater
promise, or one of greater potential peril. Today’s decision-makers, however, are too often
trapped in traditional, linear thinking, or too absorbed by the multiple crises demanding their
attention, to think strategically about the forces of disruption and innovation shaping our future.
In the end, it all comes down to people and values. We need to shape a future that works for all of
us by putting people first and empowering them. In its most pessimistic, dehumanized form, the
Fourth Industrial Revolution may indeed have the potential to “robotize” humanity and thus to
deprive us of our heart and soul. But as a complement to the best parts of human nature—
creativity, empathy, stewardship—it can also lift humanity into a new collective and moral
consciousness based on a shared sense of destiny. It is incumbent on us all to make sure the latter
prevails. This article was first published in Foreign Affairs Author: Klaus Schwab is Founder and
Executive Chairman of the World Economic Forum Image: An Aeronavics drone sits in a
paddock near the town of Raglan, New Zealand, July 6, 2015.