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GRBT055-COM-I AISC-Sample (LRFD) June 17, 2005 18:2 Char Count= 0

Comm. I4.] COMBINED AXIAL FORCE AND FLEXURE 319

be placed in the rib, the deck may be split so that adequate spacing is available
for stud installation. Figure C-I3.6 shows possible connector arrangements.

3. Flexural Strength of Concrete-Encased and Filled Members

Tests of concrete-encased beams demonstrated that: (1) the encasement drastically
reduces the possibility of lateral-torsional instability and prevents local buckling
of the encased steel; (2) the restrictions imposed on the encasement practically
prevent bond failure prior to first yielding of the steel section; and (3) bond failure
does not necessarily limit the moment strength of an encased steel beam (ASCE,
1979). Accordingly, this Specification permits three alternative design methods
for determination of the nominal flexural strength: (a) based on the first yield in the
tension flange of the composite section; (b) based on the plastic flexural strength of
the steel section alone; and (c) based on the plastic flexural strength of the compos-
ite section or the strain-compatibility method. Method (c) is applicable only when
shear connectors are provided along the steel section and reinforcement of the con-
crete encasement meets the specified detailing requirements. No limitations are
placed on the slenderness of either the composite beam or the elements of the steel
section, since the encasement effectively inhibits both local and lateral buckling.
In method (a), stresses on the steel section from permanent loads applied to un-
shored beams before the concrete has hardened must be superimposed on stresses
on the composite section from loads applied to the beams after hardening of the
concrete. In this superposition, all permanent loads should be multiplied by the
dead load factor and all live loads should be multiplied by the live load factor.
For shored beams, all loads may be assumed as resisted by the composite section.
Complete interaction (no slip) between the concrete and steel is assumed.

I4. COMBINED AXIAL FORCE AND FLEXURE

As with all frame analyses in this Specification, required strengths for composite
beam-columns should be obtained from second-order analysis or amplified first-
order analysis. With respect to the assessment of the available strength, the Spec-
ification provisions for interaction between axial force and flexure in composite

Fig. C-I3.6. Shear connector arrangements.

Specification for Structural Steel Buildings, March 9, 2005

AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION, INC.