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]Ö_A S]D@MD_ML
]Z_ALSB S]D@MD_M
]S J@ 4=<?-4
Idrt ?>>=
LCS :3.>?>.3>
∟ Ouhö`aö tja`la vj uyhufdidyd mdyd`Ĵfdrda bdzĴrfd`iĴś kfd` ou std`mdrmĴ`, zdid`fd krtdyd èĴadcda
hjflśij vj mjě
hjflś mjělślaflafjrj uymurufids
uymurufidsĴ iöiaö` kfmuě kfmuěu`md` lfhlflfjrl` ydyĴ`fdr Ĵ lzfjijfjrl`l vj std`mdrmĴ`
uyhufd`ids Ĵ`md adr śĴfdś
fdśtĴafdr Ĵ dasdafĴafdr Ĵ J`stltöiözj lfjtijfjrl`l rlcd jmjrlz.
]SJA
Adfltj Zyhu`fua IdradsĴ (]SJA IdradsĴ)
]SJA IdradsĴ, özjrl`j vjyd diodfïgĴ`d ak`ufmuě ak`ufmuěu idffdr Ĵ` vjyd blzijtl` bj`öz ]öra Std`mdrmĴ
kfidmĴěĴ`md` lfhlfl ilffjtfjrdrdsĴ vjyd mlě
mlějr öfajfjrl` std`mdrmfdr Ĵ`d vjyd J`stltö tdrde Ĵ`md` adouf jmlfj`
kfmu u`u vj idiuffj vjyd blzijtfj lfhlfl olr prkofji krtdyd è ĴatĴěĴ`md ]öra
tja`la õzjfflafjrj uyhu` kfmuě ě
kfmuěu`u ledmj jmjr.
Std`mdrmfdr Ĵ J`stltösö“`ö` hdrd`tlsl dftĴ`md kfmuě
M ľAAD]!
]S lśdrjtl vj yd` `md yjr dfd` sdy tja odś
Ĵ Ĵ odś `d laj` (]S =5>> hlol), idiufö` ]öra Std`mdrm `d uyhu`
Ĵ Ĵ
örjtlfmlěl`j mdlr örjtlcl`l` ojyd`Ĵ`Ĵ ledmj jmjr. ]öra Std`mdrmfdr Ĵ J`stltösö tdrde Ĵ`md` bjrbd`hl olr
örjtlfmlě
hdrd`tl sõz ak`usu mjělfmlr.
Õ` sõz
∟ Ou std`mdrm, CJ@ tdrde
tdrde Ĵ`md` adouf jmlfj` J@ 4=<?-4 (?>>>) std`mdrm Ĵ jsds dfĴ`drda, ]SJ Idal`d
BdzĴrfĴa Hruou“`cd bdzĴrfd`iĴś vj ]SJ ]ja`la Aurufu“`u` ?3 Idrt ?>>= tdrlbfl tkpfd`t ĴsĴ`md ]öra
vjrlfilśtlr.
Std`mdrm Ĵ kfdrda adouf jmlfjrja ydyĴiĴ`d adrdr vjrlfilś
ľèl`mjalfjr
Hlrlś .................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
............. 4
4 Adpsdi
Adpsdi................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
..................................................... 4
? DtĴe ydpĴfd` std`mdrm vj/vjyd mkaöid`fdr............................................................................................
mkaöid`fdr............................................................................................ 4
3 ]jrlifjr vj tdrlefjr...........................................................................................................
tdrlefjr....................................................................................................................................
......................... ?
3.4 Möz adfĴ` mkauid sdpd` ......................................................................................
.................................................................................................................
........................... ?
Ĵ
3.?
3.3 Èka tdodadf
Èka dydafĴ sdpd` sdpd`...............................................................................
sdpd` ..........................................................................................................................
tjrtlodt ...........................................
Ĵ ................................................................................................................ ?
................................................................................................................ ?
3.= Sdpd` `uiu`jsl/ mlalś mlalśfl adfĴ` mkauid olfjś olfjśj` `uiu`jsl...............................................................
`uiu`jsl ............................................................... ?
3.: Mlali..............................................................................................
Mlali ................................................................................................................................................
.................................................. 3
3.5 AdpdfĴ yözjy ....................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................... 3
3.8 Hõz ..................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................. 3
3.2 Mkauid hõz.....................................................................................................................................
hõz..................................................................................................................................... 3
3.< Oděfd`tĴ jfjid`Ĵ .....................................................................................
Odě ..............................................................................................................................
......................................... 3
3.4> D`d odafd.........................................................................................................................................
odafd......................................................................................................................................... 3
3.44 uzu`fuěu................................................................................................................................ 3
D`id uzu`fuě
3.4? Jtal` èdfĴśid uzu`fuě
uzu`fuěu (JÈZ)......................................................................................................... 3
3.43 ÈdfĴśid yöa sĴ`Ĵr Ĵ (È\S) ...................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................
.............. 3
3.4= Ikm edatõrö (I) ...............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................... 3
2 ľidfïtèĴ ojfhjsl ......................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................... 43
< Auffd`id tdflidtfdr Ĵ ........................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
....................................... 4=
Ja D Hövj`fla aurdffdr Ĵ`Ĵ` mkěrufd`ids Ĵ lèl` mj`jy ijtktfdr Ĵ ............................................................ 4:
Ja O ľidfïtèĴ tdrde Ĵ`md` vjrlfjcja auffd`id vj odaĴi olfhlfjrl ............................................................ 48
Ja C (Olfhl lèl`) Mlalśfl adfĴ` mkauid olfjśj`l`l` C/Cr sdpd` tlpl lfj olrflatj auffd` Ĵfd` oděfd`tĴ
jfjid`fdr Ĵyfd jtalfjślil`l` mkěrufd`idsĴ`d yõ`jfla tlp mj`jyl`l` Idmmj D.=“j uyhu` kfdrda
hjrèjafjśtlrlfijsl lèl` lidfïtèĴyd ykf hõstjrlcl olfhlfjr.................................................................
olfhlfjr................................................................. 42
Ja M (Olfhl lèl`) ľidfïtèĴ tdrde Ĵ`md` möz adfĴ` mkauid sdpd`fdr lfj olrflatj vjrlfjcja kfd` olfhlfjrl`
tdvslyj jmlfj` iubtjvdsĴ .................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................
................ 4<
Ja W (Olfhl lèl`) Ou std`mdrmĴ` DO Mlrjatlefjrl`l` tjijf aurdffdr Ĵ`d vjyd mlějr böaöifjrl`j mjěl`j`
idmmjfjrll ...........................................................................................................................................
idmmjfjr ........................................................................................................................................... ?=
Ady`dafdr......................................................................................................................
Ady`dafdr........................................................................................................................................................
.................................. ?:
Hlrlś
Ou std`mdrm, Idal`d Mlrjatlel`l` vj lfhlfl JE]D yõ`jtijflafjrl`mj yjr dfd` tjijf hövj`fla aurdffdr Ĵ`d
ěu` sdě
uyhu`fuě
uyhu`fu sděfd`idsĴ`d olr drdè tjś
tjśalf jtija didcĴyfd bdrik`lzj olr std`mdrm kfdrda bdzĴrfd`iĴśtĴr.
ojflrtlfml ěl hlol ‖C’ tlpl olr std`mdrmmĴr. ľfhlfl adfmĴrid dasjsudrfdr Ĵ vj ou`fdrd dlt
Ou std`mdrm, J@ ?<?“mj ojflrtlfmlě
vjrlfilśtlr.
tjbflajfjr, ou std`mdrmĴ` adpsdiĴ`md vjrlfilś
@kt - AdfmĴrid dasjsudrfdr Ĵ, ou std`mdrmĴ` adpsdiĴ`d hlrijyj` tjbflajfjr sõz ak`usu kfmuě
kfmu ěu`md J@
?<?“yj uyhu` kfidfĴmĴr.
4 Adpsdi
hj`lśfla drdfĴěĴ`mdal pkfldilm, pkfyjstjr vj pkflprkplfj` su`à flefjrmj`
Ou std`mdrm, ?: ii - =:> ii (mdblf) hj`lś
ydpĴfiĴś kfd`, odě
oděfd`tĴ jfjid`fĴ vjyd jfjid`sĴz olr, lal, öè, mõrt dydaf Ĵ vj sk`suz mlalś
mlalśfl möz adfĴ` mkauid
sdpd`fdr lèl` ojyd` vj mj`jy ijtktfdr Ĵ md mdblf hövj`fla lfj lfhlfl aurdffdr Ĵ adpsdr.
Ou std`mdrmĴ` adpsdiĴ`d hlrj` möz adfĴ` mkauid sdpd`fdr Ĵ`, hj`jf didèfĴ adfmĴrid lś lśfjifjrl`mj, olr odś
odśad
mjylśśfj aurdffdr, hövj`fla edatõrfjrl vjyd èdfĴśid yöa sĴ`Ĵrfdr Ĵ`md` blèolr sdpid kfidmd` clslifjrl`,
mjyl
idfzjijfjrl` vjyd idffdr Ĵ` adfmĴr ĴfidsĴ lś lśfjifjrl`mj auffd`ĴfidsĴ didèfd`iĴśtĴr. ľ`sd`fdr Ĵ`, jrhlilś
jrhlilś ijtdf vj
dsltfjr hlol tjbflaj pktd`slyjfl kfd` idfzjijfjrl`, cdi pfïadfdr Ĵ`, pdrèdfd`dolflr idfzjijfjrl` vj `öafjjr
rjdatõrfjrl` adfmĴr ĴfidsĴ lfj õzjf śdrtfdr Ĵ` uyhufd`mĴěĴ adfmĴrid lś
lśfjifjrl ou std`mdrmĴ` adpsdiĴ`md yjr dfidz.
Ou std`mdrm, möz adfĴ` mkauid sdpd`fdr Ĵ`, lidfïtèĴ vjyd yjtalfl tjislfclsl tdrde Ĵ`md` vjrlfj` tdflidt vj
Ĵ Ĵ Ĵ Ĵ
śtjbflajfjrl
drt`dijfjrj uyhu`
j` dzd kfdrdayõ`jfla
l`mlrijyj auffd`tja`la
fids aurdffdr
js`dsĴ adpsdr.
`md krtdyd è adolfjcja kfd` vj Idmmj =“tj flstjfj`j`
4) ]SJ @ktu7 DtĴe ydpĴfd` std`mdrmfdr Ĵ` ]S `uidrdsĴ vj ]öraèj dmĴ, 3. vj =. akfk`md vjrlfil
vjrlfilśśtlr.
?) ]SJ @ktu7 J@ ?<?-? std`mdrmĴ lptdf jmlfilś
jmlfilś yjrl`j J@ LSK 4?4>>-4 std`mdrmĴ hjèil
hjèilśśtlr.
4
3 ]jrlifjr vj tdrlefjr
dśděĴmdal tjrlifjr, tdrlefjr, sjiokffjr vj aĴsdftidfdr uyhufd`Ĵr7
Ou std`mdrmĴ` didèfdr Ĵ odaĴiĴ`md`, dś
3.: Mlali
mlalśfjr vdsĴtdsĴyfd adfĴ` mkauid`Ĵ` aj`ml özjrl`j vjyd olradè adf Ĵ`
]dodadfdr Ĵ` j`l okyu`cd ydpĴfd` mlalś
mkauid`Ĵ` olrolrfjrl`j vjyd tdavlyj idfzjijfjrl`l`
idfzjijfjrl`l` adf Ĵ` mkauidyd tjsplt ijtkmu.
3.5 AdpdfĴ yözjy
olrfjśtlrij lś
LsĴf olrfjś lśfjil`l vjyd lfïvj idmmjfjr auffd`Ĵfdrda rj`afj`mlrij lś
lśfjil`l tdaloj` hõröfj` vj iö`ejrlt
mjstjafjmlěl muruifdrmd ijymd`d hjfj`, èĴpfda hõzfj vjyd jffj iudyj`j jmlfmlě
flefjrl` olrolrfjrl`l mjstjafjmlě jmlfml ěl`mj adpdfĴ
śjalfmj hõzöaj` adfĴ` mkauid yözjyl.
3.8 Hõz
AdfĴ` mkauid`Ĵ` uè aĴsiĴ`md kfuś kfuśturufd` vj uè oděoděfd`tĴ jfjid`Ĵ jafjija didcĴyfd auffd`Ĵfd`, mkauid
ucu`u` 42>¾ hjrlyj oöaöfijsl vj yöa tdś tdśĴyĴcĴ olr mlalś
mlalś lfj mkauid`Ĵ` yöa tdś
tdśĴyd` aĴsiĴ`d odě
oděfd`idsĴ
mlalśfl adfĴ` mkauid olfjś
surjtlyfj jfmj jmlfj` mlalś olfjśj`l`l` uè aĴsiĴ.
3.< Oděfd`tĴ jfjid`Ĵ
hjèlrlfjolfjcjěl śjalfmj sdpd` ucu`d tdaĴfd`,
Sdpd`Ĵ` olr pdrèdsĴ kfdrda tjmdrla jmlfj` vj lèjrlsl`mj` sdpd`Ĵ` hjèlrlfjolfjcjě
odśśad adfmĴrid dasjsudrfdr Ĵ`d odě
od oděfd`d`, èka dydafĴ sdpd` tjrtlodtĴ`Ĵ` jfmj jmlfijsl lèl` mlě
mlějr möz adfĴ`
mkauid sdpd`fdrd vjyd olr vl`cl` vjyd mlěmlějr olr adfmĴrid idal`dsĴ`Ĵ` ad`cdsĴ`d tdaĴfd` yöa tdś
tdśĴyĴcĴ ijtdf
olfjśśj`.
olfj
@kt - Jě
Jěltli lfj lfhlfl ykf hõstjrlcl olfhlfjr, J@ LSK <>>? (4<<=) Idmmj =.42“mj vjrlfil
vjrlfilśśtlr.
= ]jbflajfjr
olfjśj` dr ĴzdsĴ sjojolyfj sjrojst oĴrdaĴfidsĴ, tjbflaj oõfhjsl`mj oufu`d`
Olr yöaö` adzd lfj vjyd bjrbd`hl olr olfjś
sděfĴěĴ`Ĵ, mkě
l`sd`fdr Ĵ` hövj`fla vj sdě mkěrumd` vjyd mkfdyfĴ kfdrda tjbflajyj skadr. Ou std`mdrm, adfmĴrid
dasjsudrfdr Ĵ`md hjrjaj` iuadvjijt vj mdyd`ĴafĴfĴěĴ` sd ěfd`idsĴ didcĴyfd, ojflrtlfj` pjrekrid`s
sdě
Ĵ Ĵ Ĵ Ĵ Ĵ Ĵ
ufdś fids ` ` sdě
sjvlyjfjrl`j ufdś sděfd`ids `d yõ`jfla tdsdr i, lidfït vj mj`jy lfj lfhlfl aurdffdr adpsdr.
Ou std`mdrmmd ojflrtlfj` pjrekrid`s sjvlyjfjrl`j sdblp möz adfĴ` mkauid sdpd`fdr hj`jf adfmĴrid
blzijtl`mj auffd`ĴfidsĴ bdfl`mj, mdyd`ĴafĴfĴa olr tjbflaj kfdrda td`Ĵifd`idiĴśtĴr.
3
AdfmĴrid dasjsudr Ĵ`Ĵ` èdfĴśid yöa sĴ`Ĵr Ĵ`Ĵ` vj õzjfflafjrl`l` yd`fĴś sjèlfijsl, sdpd`Ĵ` akpidsĴ`d sjojp
ěl`mj`, ou std`mdrm dyr Ĵcd lś
kfdolfjcjě
kfdolfjcj lśdrjtfjij vj lidfïtèĴ sjrtleladsĴ lfj lfhlfl aurdffdr Ĵ md adpsdr.
Mk
Mkěěru uyhufdid lfj lfhlfl hövj`fl auffd`Ĵi aurdffdr Ĵ, Ja O vj Ja M“mj vjrlfilś
vjrlfilśtlr.
Ou std`mdrmĴ` adpsdiĴ`d hlrj` pkfldilm, pkfyjstjr vj pkflprkplfj`mj` ydp Ĵfd` möz adfĴ` mkauid sdpd`fdrd
mjějrfj`mlrij
idbsus kfd` olr rlsa mjě jrfj`mlrijsl
sl vdsĴtdsĴyfd ojflrfj`j` rlsafjrl` dzdftĴfidsĴ lèl` tjmolr dfĴ`idsĴ hjrjaj`
vjrlfil śtlr.
vj, ou std`mdrmmd jfj dfĴ`d` tjbflajfjr Èlzjfhj 4“mj vjrlfilś
: Hövj`fla aurdffdr Ĵ
:.4 Idfzjijfjr
AdfĴ` mkauid sdpd`, tdidiĴyfd dś dśděĴmd vjrlfj` idfzjijfjrmj` olrl auffd` Ĵfdrda lidf jmlfj` 5> c@/tjx“mj`
mdbd aöèöa kfidyd` olr iuadvjijtj sdblp j`möstrlyjf lpflafjr auffd`Ĵfdrda mkau`idfĴ, ĴśĴěd adr śĴ skfidmĴěĴ
vj ĴsĴf adrdrfĴfĴěd sdblp kfmuě
kfmuěu lidfïtèĴ tdrde Ĵ`md` ojfhjfj`mlrlfijflmlr7
ojfhjfj`mlrlfijflmlr7
:.? lpflafjr,
Oötö` Mkauid õzmjś tjijf idfzjijfjrmj` lidf jmlfijflmlr (Idmmj :.4).
õzmjś
=
hjrèjafjśtlrlfil
AdfĴ` mkauid, lstjr ijalafl, lstjrsj ijalaslz kfdrda hjrèjafjś tlrlfilśś kfsu`, èka adtfĴ kfdrda vj mözhö` śjalfmj
ydpĴfidfĴ vj adfĴ` mkauid`Ĵ` uè aĴsĴifdr Ĵ`Ĵ` mkau`idsĴ sĴrdsĴ`md lpflafjrmj` olrl akptuě akptuěu`md adfĴ`
mkauid`Ĵ` aj`drfdr Ĵ èõzöfijyjcja śjalfmj mkau`iuś
mkau`iuś kfidfĴmĴr.
Mkauid ijtkmu, `uiu`j Ja D“yd uyhu` kfdrda mj`jyj tïol tutufmuě tutufmu ěu`md, tdidifd`iĴś sdpd` hj`lś
hj`lśflflě
ěl,
jślt vjyd mdbd aöèöa hj`lś
4>> ii“yj jś hj`lśflafjr lèl` - % 4>“md`, 4>> ii“`l` özjrl`mjal hj`lś
hj`lśflafjr lèl` - % 4?“mj`
mjělśijyjcja śjalfmj kfidfĴmĴr.
mdbd edzfd mjě
:.3 Hj`lśfla
Ĵ Ĵ Ĵ
Adf ` mkauid
olr èjfla hj`lśvjyd
hj`lś
śjrlt ijtrj flěl (o)
flě (Őjalf
(Ő
cjtvjf lfj4), ?: ii“mj` dmdbd
ěö`mj dś
õfèöfmöě
õfèöfmö dz vjrlfj`
śděĴmd kfididf , =:> ii“yl
tkfjrd`sfdrd dśididf
dś
sdblp kfidfĴm vj
Ĵr7
4 ii tdaslidtf Ĵ
@kt - Ou lśfjifjr, dś dśĴ`idyĴ vj dśĴ`mĴr ĴcĴ idfzjijfjrl` `öeuz jtijsl`l õ`fjr vj adfĴ` mkauidyd vj/vjyd
mlalśśfl adfĴ` mkauid olfjś
mlal olfjśj`l`j vj/vjyd lpflě
lpflěj uyhufd`do
uyhufd`dolflr.
lflr.
:
Èlzjfhj ? - Möz adfĴ` mkauid sdpd`fdr Ĵ` d`d tlpfjrl lfj lfhlfl õzjt olfhlfjr vj a Ĵsd hõstjrlflś
hõstjrlflśl
tdśĴyĴcĴ aĴsĴi
]ja yöa tdś ]davlyjfl hõzfö tja tdodadfĴ sdpd` Oděfd`tĴ jfjid`fĴ tja tdodadfĴ sdpd`
Odě
tdśĴyĴcĴ aĴsĴi
ľal yöa tdś ]ja tdodadfĴ sdpd` ]davlyjfl hõzfö lal tdodadfĴ sdpd` Oděfd`tĴ jfjid`fĴ lal tdodadfĴ sdpd`
Odě
tdśĴyĴcĴ aĴsĴi
Mõrt yöa tdś ľal tdodadfĴ sdpd`
5
:.2.3 Ajslfilś
Ajslfilś adfĴ` mkauid`Ĵ` uèfdr Ĵ, sõaöfij vjyd èõzöfij õ`fj`jcja śjalfmj lś lśfjij tïol tutufidfĴmĴr
oltlśla mlalś
(ijsjfï, ĴsĴyfd jrltij). Ajslfj` uèfdr Ĵ` ĴsĴyfd iudijfjsl, oltlś mlalśj zdrdr vjrijijfl vj ĴsĴyfd iudijfjyj
tïol tutufd` uèfdr Ĵ` özjrl`mj` mlali ydpĴfididfĴmĴr.
d) hj`lśfla mjě
4:> ii“yj admdral hj`lś mjějrfjrl lèl` adfĴ` mkauid hj`lś
hj`lśflflě
ěl`l` 3 adtĴ,
o) hj`lśfla mjě
4:> ii“mj` mdbd oöyöa hj`lś mjějrfjrl lèl` adfĴ` mkauid hj`lś
hj`lśflflě
ěl`l` ?,: adtĴ.
@kt - Zyhu` tdavlyj idfzjijsl õr`jafjrl, adf Ĵ` mkauid, mjrl vjyd mlě
mlějr mdyd`ĴafĴ olr idfzjijmj` jfmj
jmlfj` śjrlt vjyd pdrèd kfdolflr.
8
4) Möz hõz
?) ]jrs èjvrlfilś hõz
2
Mlalśfl adfĴ`
Mlalś Mlalśfl adfĴ`
Mlalś ÈdfĴśid yöa sĴ`Ĵrfdr Ĵ, tk`
mkauid mkauid
olfjśj`l`l`
olfjś olfjśj`l`l`
olfjś
èdfĴśid yöa sĴ`Ĵr Ĵ rj`hl
Möz adfmĴrid ěid odě
Okě
Ok oděfĴ odě
Sjpjt odě ľal dydafĴ sdpd` Öè vj mõrt dydafĴ
adfmĴrid sdpd`
^drdfjf ο 9 >¾- =:¾ ο 9 =:¾- 5>¾ ο 9 >¾- =:¾ ο 9 =:¾- 5>¾ ο 9 >¾- =:¾ ο 9 =:¾- 5>¾
I94 I 9 >,2 I9? I 9 4,= I94 I 9 4,= I94 I 9 ?,4 I 9 4,:
4,> Ikr 4,> >,2 ?,> 4,= 4,> 4,= 4,> ?,4 4,:
?,> \jśślf
\j ?,> 4,5 =,> ?,2 ?,> ?,2 ?,> =,? 3,>
3,> Sdr Ĵ 3,> ?,= 5,> =,? 3,> =,? 3,> 5,3 =,:
=,> Hrl =,> 3,? 2,> :,5 =,> :,5 =,> 2,= 5,>
:,> AĴriĴzĴ :,> =,> 4>,> 8,> :,> 8,> :,> 4>,: 8,:
5,> Adbvjrj`hl 5,> =,2 4?,> 2,= 5,> 2,= 5,> 4?,5 <,>
2,> Idvl 2,> 5,= 45,> 44,? 2,> 44,? 2,> 45,2 4?,>
4>,> ]uru`cu 4>,> 2,> ?>,> 4=,> 4>,> 4=,> 4>,> ?4 4:,>
4>,>“u` özjrl ]uru`cu
Möśjy kfdrda hõstjrlfj` sdpd`fdr Ĵ` vjyd sdpd` aĴsĴifdr Ĵ lèl` adfmĴrid tkfjrd`sĴ 9 5¾
I 7 Slijtrla yöafjij lèl` ikm edatõrö. Möś
<
d) Odě
Od ěfd`tĴ jfjid`Ĵ lfj tjids bdfl`mjal adfĴ` mkauid dfd`Ĵ`md blèolr bdsdr kfidydcda vj
o) Sdpd` yöaj mdyd`dcda
śjalfmj kfidfĴmĴr.
:.4=.3 Ady`dafĴ oděfd`tĴ jfjid`fdr Ĵ, sdpd`Ĵ` auffd`ĴfidsĴ js`dsĴ`md ady`dafdr hõröfjolfjcja śjalfmj
odě
yjrfjśtlrlfijflmlr.
yjrfjś
Ĵ Ĵ Ĵ Ĵ Ĵ
d)
o) Adf ` mkauid`
ľidfdtè ` td` td`
Ĵ ak`trkfö`ö` t iĴt,ĴiĴ,
c) Oděfd`tĴ jfjid`fdr Ĵ`Ĵ` td`ĴtĴiĴ vj adfltj sĴ`Ĵe Ĵ.
Odě
Oõyfj olr slstji ijvcut vj uyhufd`Ĵykr lsj, lidfïtèĴ`Ĵ` mj`jy rjglil, Idmmj 5.3.?“yj uyhu` kfidfĴmĴr. Oõyfj
olr slstji aurufidiĴś vjyd uyhufd`iĴykrsd, lidfïtèĴ`Ĵ` mj`jy rjglil, Idmmj 5.3.3“j uyhu` kfidf ĴmĴr.
5.3.? J@ LSK <>>?“yj uyhu` olr adfltj slstjil ijvcut kfmuěu`md lidfït mj`jyl
aurufiu ś lsj, lidfït js`dsĴ`md, mj`jyfjr lèl` sdpd`fdr Ĵ` sjèlil j`
J@ LSK <>>?“yj uyhu` olr adfltj slstjil aurufiuś
dz Èlzjfhj =“tj vjrlfj` drdf Ĵafdrfd vjyd bjr ? yĴfmd olr (bd`hlsl mdbd aĴsd lsj) ydpĴfidfĴmĴr. Sjèlfj` sdpd`fdr,
èdfĴśid yöa sĴ`Ĵr Ĵ`Ĵ` Idmmj D.3“j uyhu` kfdrda mkěmkěrufd`ids Ĵ lèl` mj`jyj tïol tutufidfĴmĴr.
5.3.3 J@ LSK <>>?“yj uyhu` olr adfltj slstjil aurufidmĴěĴ`md lidfït mj`jyl
Ĵ Ĵ
J@ LSK <>>?“yj uyhu` olr adfltj slstjil aurufidiĴś lsj, lidfït js`dsĴ`md, mj`jyfjr lèl` sdpd`fdr Ĵ` sjèlil
j` dz Èlzjfhj :“tj vjrlfj` drdfĴafdrfd vjyd bjr 4? dymd olr (bd`hlsl mdbd a Ĵsd lsj) ydpĴfidfĴmĴr. Sjèlfj`
sdpd`fdr, èdfĴśid yöa sĴ`Ĵr Ĵ`Ĵ` Idmmj D.3“j uyhu` kfdrda mkě
mkěrufd`ids Ĵ lèl` mj`jyj tïol tutufidfĴmĴr.
8 ľśdrjtfjij
8.4 Hj`jf
lśdrjtfj`ijsl, j` dz dś
Sdpd`Ĵ` lś dśděĴmdal olfhlfjrl lbtlvd jtijflmlr7
d) Möz adfmĴridmd èdfĴśid yöa sĴ`Ĵr Ĵ,
o) AdfĴ` mkauid idfzjijsl (pkfyjstjr, pkfldilm, pkflprkplfj`),
pkflprkplfj`),
Oděfd`tĴ jfjid`Ĵ`Ĵ` adfltj sĴ`Ĵe Ĵ,
c) Odě
44
m) uzu`fuěu (i),
D`id uzu`fuě
Ĵ Ĵ Ĵ Ĵ
j)
e) ľľidfïtè ` ` dm
zfj`jolflrfla , sjiokfö,
akmu (Idmmj tlcdrà
:.45),idrads vjyd mlě d`fdśĴfĴr td`ĴtĴi olfhlfjrl,
mlějr d`fdś
h) Ou std`mdrmĴ` `uidrdsĴ.
@kt - Olr idiuf lèl` ou std`mdrm `uidrdsĴ`Ĵ` lśdrjtfj`ijsl, lidfïtèĴ`Ĵ` uyhu`fua ojyd`Ĵ`Ĵ tjislf jmjr1
mlějr olr mjylś
mlě mjylśfj, lidfïtèĴ tdrde Ĵ`md` vjyd lidfïtèĴ dmĴ`d, idiufö` ou std`mdrmmd ojflrtlfj` õzjfflafjrl
adr śĴfdmĴěĴ d`fdiĴ`d hjflr. Oõyfj olr ojyd`, öèö`cö tdrdefdrcd vjrlfj` uyhu`fua ojfhjsl lfj
adr ĴśtĴr ĴfididfĴmĴr.
\jślf
- ^kfldilm7 \jś
- ^kfyjstjr7 Idvl
- ^kflprkplfj`7
^kflprkplfj`7 Adbvjrj`hl
Őjalf 3 - ]lpla jtlajt ekridtĴ
4?
@kt 4 - Jtlajtl` mĴśdrmdal aĴsiĴ`Ĵ` drad tdrde Ĵ, lfïvj kfdrda sdpd`Ĵ` mjě
mjělśla auffd`id ikmfdr Ĵ`mdal èdfĴśid
yöa sĴ`Ĵr mjě
mjějrfjrlyfj lś
lśdrjtfj`jolflr.
@kt ? - Jtlajtl` tutturufidsĴ`d yõ`jfla tlpla ijtktfdr, Őjalf =, Őjalf : vj Őjalf 5“md hõstjrlfilś
hõstjrlfilśtlr.
@kt 3 - \dsdf lś
lśdrjtfjij (DO lèl` CJ), jtlajt özjrl`mj hõröfjolflr bjrbd`
bjrbd`hl
hl olr yjrj ydpĴfdolflr.
d) ľśdrjtfjij,
ľśdrjtfjij, mlě
mlějr sdpd` tlpfjrl`mj` edrafĴfĴěĴ` sdě
sděfd`idsĴ lèl` d`d odafdyd lflś
lfl śtlrlfijsl hjrjaj` akfdycd
td`Ĵ`dolflr olèlij sdblp mdyd`ĴafĴ olr jtlajt (ijsjfï yuvdrfda olr pfïad) özjrl`mj kfidfĴmĴr.
lśdrjtfjijsl, bjrbd`hl olr dydě
o) Sdpd`Ĵ` lś dyděĴ`, möś
möśjy lfj ydptĴěĴ j` oöyöa auffd`id dè ĴsĴ`Ĵ lbtlvd jtijflmlr.
c) Bjr olr dyda özjrl`mjal jtlajt, èdfĴśid yöa sĴ`Ĵr Ĵ`Ĵ hõstjrijflmlr.
özjrl`mjal jtlajt,
2 ľidfïtèĴ ojfhjsl
ojflrtlfmlěl hlol lidfïtèĴ, oötö` mj`jy vj iudyj`jfjrmj` sk`rd, tjsflidtĴ ydpĴfd` bjr olr sdpd`
Idmmj 5“md ojflrtlfmlě
dśděĴmd vjrlfj` olfhlfjrl lbtlvd jmj` olr ojfhjyl iöś
pdrtlsl lèl`, j` dz dś iöśtjrlyj vjrijflmlr7
e) Odě
Od ěfd`tĴ jfjid`Ĵ`Ĵ` adfltj sĴ`Ĵe Ĵ,
h) Zyhufd`iĴś lsj, tdavlyjfjr vj aj`dr vj/vjyd dś
d śĴ`idmd` ady`dafd`d` bdsdrd adr śĴ akru`id lfj lfhlfl
dyr Ĵ`tĴfdr,
b) Ou std`mdrmĴ` `uidrdsĴ (]S J@ 4=<?-4 śjafl`mj),
l) Mj`jy rjejrd`sfdr Ĵ (Idmmj 5),
g) ľzfj`jolflrfla akmu,
a) ľidfïtèĴ dmĴ`d ojfhjyl lizdfdidyd yjtalfl kfd` alś
alśl`l` td`ĴtĴiĴ vj lizd tdrlbl.
Ja D
Hövj`fla aurdffdr Ĵ`Ĵ` mkěrufd`idsĴ lèl` mj`jy ijtktfdr Ĵ
D.4 Hj`jf
D.4.4 Oötö` mj`jy vj `uiu`jfjr, J@ 4>>>?-?74<<4 SĴ`Ĵe 4“l` õzjfflafjrl`j uyhu` olr èjaij mj`jy clbdz Ĵ
vj uyhufd`dolflrsj 4 ii tdaslidtf Ĵ olr èjfla śjrlt ijtrj vjyd cjtvjf auffd` Ĵfdrda ydpĴfidfĴmĴr.
D.4.3 Mlalś
Mlalśfl adfĴ` mkauid olfjś
olfjśj` `uiu`jsl, dy`Ĵ tlptjal mlalś
mlalśfl adfĴ` mkauid olfjś
olfjśj`fjrl`l` tdidiĴ, dy`Ĵ
õ` yöafjijyj idruz adfidmĴaèd, mj`jymj` õ`cj õ` yöafjijyj tïol tutufididf ĴmĴr. Ou muruimd sõz
olfjśj`fjr, èdfĴśid yöa sĴ`Ĵr Ĵ`Ĵ` lal adtĴ`md` mdbd oöyöa kfd` olr yöafj õ` yöafjijyj tïol
ak`usu olfjś
tutufididfĴmĴr.
D.? \öa dftĴ`mdal adfĴ` mkauid hj`lśflěl`mjal mjělśij`l` tdyl`l lèl` mj`jy
D.?.4 Mlalś
Mlalśfl adfĴ` mkauid olfjś
olfjśj` `uiu`jsl, yöa dftĴ`md mjě
mjělfaj` hjrhl` kfidydcda śjalfmj mj`jy
yjrfjśtlrlfijflmlr.
clbdzĴ`d yjrfjś
D.?.? @uiu`j`l` krtd `katdsĴ`md, uzu`fdidsĴ`d jasj`j mla kfdrda adf Ĵ` mkauid yözjyl`j olr lś
l śdrjt
lśdrjtl`l` bjr lal tdrde Ĵ`d kfida özjrj, mlalś
ak`ufidf ĴmĴr. Krtd lś mlalśfl adfĴ` mkauid olfjś
olfjśj`l` krtd lś
lśdrjtl lfj tdś
tdśĴid
`katdsĴ drdsĴ`mdal krtd yjrj lfïvj olr lśdrjt ak`ufdrda, olfjś olfjśj`, jśjślt uzu`fuě
uzu`fuěd sdblp mõrt aĴsid oõfö`ör
(Őjalf D.4).
4 - Krtd `katd
? - Oõfij lślśdrjtfjrl
Mlalśfl adfĴ` mkauid olfjś
3 - Mlalś olfjśj`l`l` tdś
tdśĴid `katdsĴ
D.?.5 Öè ak`uiu
ak`uiu` ` bjr olrl`mj okyuttdal mjmjělśij, ‖ {( X? - X4) / X4} x 4>> ‖ ekriöfö auffd`Ĵfdrda
bjsdpfd`idf Ĵ vj yözmj kfdrda ledmj jmlfijflmlr.
4:
D.3 Mlalśfl adfĴ` mkauid olfjśj`l`l` èdfĴśid yöa sĴ`Ĵr Ĵ`Ĵ` mkěrufd`idsĴ lèl`
mj`jy
D.3.4 Sk`suz mlalśfl adfĴ` mkauid olfjśj`fjrl - Sdpd` tlpl D
Sdpd` `uiu`jsl vjyd mlalśmlalśfl adfĴ` mkauid olfjś
olfjśj` `uiu`jsl, mj`jy clbdzĴ`Ĵ` plifjrl vjyd adedfdr Ĵ drdsĴ`d
Olrfj śtlrij mlalś
möz vj oöaöfijaslzl` ik`tj jmlfijflmlr. Olrfjś mlalśl, pli vjyd adedfdrmd` uzdatd kfidfĴmĴr. ^li vjyd
lstjěj odě
adedfdr Ĵ` èdpĴ, lstjě oděfĴmĴr. @uiu`j, mlalś
mlalśfl adfĴ` mkauid olfjś
olfjśj`l`l` èdfĴśid yöa sĴ`Ĵr Ĵ`Ĵ` 8 adtĴ`md`
mdbd aöèöa kfidyd` auvvjtj jś jśmjě
mjějr olr auvvjtj idruz oĴrdaĴfidfĴmĴr.
D.3.3.? Mlal
Mlalśśfl adfĴ` mkauid olfjś
olfjśj` `uiu`jsl, mlalś
mlalśfl adfĴ` mkauid olfjś
olfjśj`l`l` èdfĴśid yöa sĴ`Ĵr Ĵ`Ĵ` 8
jś mj
adtĴ`d jś ějr kfd` olr auvvjtj mdyd`didzsd, `uiu`j mj`jymj odś
mjě od śdr ĴfĴ kfidiĴś iötdfïd jmlfijflmlr. ľfïvj
`uiu`j mj`jyfjrl, sdmjcj Idmmj 5.?.4, Idmmj 5.3.? vjyd Idmmj 5.3.3“tj ojflrtlfj` bususfdr yjrl`j