Charges in motion

Potential difference V Metal wire

E really
+ + – charged e-
+ moving but
+ +
define like +
cross-section Effectve “drag” force that resists motion
charge q flows through in t
q coulombs
I= current = =ampere
t sec
Pb+SO4-2  PbSO4+2 e- Electric Potential Source
PbO2+SO4-2+4H++2e-  PbSO4+ H2O Battery – dry cell 1.5V
I
e-
Hg cell 1.35V
e-
H+ Chemical energy electrical energy
Pb I
H+PbO2

SO4-2
I (+ current by def.) 3.1-OLO
vi = 0 vf = 2a
• •
vi  v f
v=
2 3-2-OLO
3-3-OLO