■✰✳♥❞Ò✰s❯❛❀⑨✰✿❛❀❚❘❛❍

■♥❞r❛ ♦❢ ❘✐❣✈❡❞❛

■♥t❡r♣r❡t❛t✐♦♥ ❛♥❞ ♥♦t❡s ❜② ❉♠✐tr✐ ❙❡♠❡♥♦✈

❆✉❣✉st ✷✵✶✽ ✕ ❆✉❣✉st ✷✵✷✸

❙❛tt❛r❦❛ P✉❜❧✐❝❛t✐♦♥s
❈♦♣②r✐❣❤t ➞ ✷✵✷✸ ❉♠✐tr✐ ❙❡♠❡♥♦✈

❆❧❧ r✐❣❤ts r❡s❡r✈❡❞✳

◆♦ ♣❛rt ♦❢ t❤✐s ❜♦♦❦ ♠❛② ❜❡ r❡♣r✐♥t❡❞✱ r❡♣r♦❞✉❝❡❞✱

♦r t❡①t✲♠✐♥❡❞ ❢♦r ❝♦♠♠❡r❝✐❛❧ ♣✉r♣♦s❡s

✇✐t❤♦✉t ♣❡r♠✐ss✐♦♥ ✐♥ ✇r✐t✐♥❣ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ❛✉t❤♦r✳

❚♦ ❜❡ ❛❧✐✈❡ ♠❡❛♥s t♦ ❜❡ ✈✉❧♥❡r❛❜❧❡✳
❈♦♥t❡♥ts
■♥tr♦❞✉❝t✐♦♥ ✶
P❛r❛❞✐❣♠ ✼
❙②♠❜♦❧s ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✷
❉❡s❝r✐♣t✐♦♥s ❞❡r✐✈❡❞ ❢r♦♠ st❛♥③❛s ✷✶
❈❤❛r❛❝t❡r✐st✐❝s ♦❢ Indra ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✷✶
▼❛♥✐❢❡st✐♥❣ Indra ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✸✽
◗✉❛❧✐t✐❡s ♦❢ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❡❞ Indra ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✹✺
P♦✇❡rs ❛♥❞ str❡♥❣t❤s ♦❢ Indra ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✹✽
❚❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ✐♥❝r❡❛s❡ ✐♥ s✐③❡ ❛♥❞ t♦ ❡①♣❛♥❞ ✳ ✹✾
❈♦♥tr♦❧✱ s❡❧❢✲❞❡t❡r♠✐♥❛t✐♦♥ ❛♥❞ ❛✉t♦♥♦♠② ✳ ✳ ✺✶
❚❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r ♦✈❡r ❛✛❡❝t✐♦♥s ✭indriya✮ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✺✸
▼❛♥❧② ♣♦✇❡rs ❛♥❞ ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ str❡♥❣t❤ ✳ ✳ ✺✹
❚❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡ ✭śavas✮ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✺✺
❚❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝♦♥✜❣✉r❡ ♠✐♥❞ ❛♥❞ ❜♦❞② ✭māyā✮ ✺✼
❚❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t❡ ✭dyumna✮ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✺✾
❘❡s♦✉r❝❡❢✉❧♥❡ss ✭kratu✮ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✻✵
❚❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r ♦❢ ❞✐s❝❡r♥♠❡♥t ✭daks.a✮ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✻✶
Indra✬s ❢r❡♥③② ♦r ✈✐❣♦✉r ✭ojas✮ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✻✸
Indra ❛♥❞ deva✲s ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✻✺
Indra ❛♥❞ ❝❡❧❡st✐❛❧ tr✐❜❡s ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✻✻
Indra ❛♥❞ Soma ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✻✾
Indra ❛♥❞ Marut✲s ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✽✵
Indra ❛♥❞ Agni ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✽✷
Indra ❛♥❞ Vis.n.u ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✽✷
Indra ❛♥❞ Varun.a ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✽✹
Indra ❛♥❞ s♦♠❡ ♦t❤❡r deva✲s ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✽✻
Indra✬s ❝❤❛r✐♦t ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✽✼
❚✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✾✵

✺
 Indra✬s t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t ✭vajra✮ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✾✼
❚r❡❛s✉r❡s ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✵✷
❚❤❡ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r ✭vāja✮ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✵✽
❊♥❡♠✐❡s ♦❢ Indra ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✶✸
Vr.tra✲s ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✶✸
❚❤❡ s♥❛❦❡ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✶✽
Śus.n.a ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✷✵
Śambara ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✷✷
❖t❤❡r ♥❛♠❡❞ ❞❡♠♦♥s ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✷✸
■♠♣✉❧s❡s t♦ s✉✛❡r ✇❛♥t ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✷✺
❉❡❢❡♥s✐✈❡♥❡ss ❛♥❞ ❣✉❛r❞✐♥❣ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡s ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✷✻
❖t❤❡r ❡♥❡♠✐❡s ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✷✼
❚❡❝❤♥✐q✉❡s ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✷✽
❈♦♥❝❡♣t✐♦♥s ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✷✽
❋♦❝✉s✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♠✐♥❞ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✸✵
❱✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥s ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✸✶
▼❡♥t❛❧ ❣❡st✉r❡s ❛♥❞ ❢❡r✈♦r ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✸✹
❋♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥s ❛♥❞ ✜r❡ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣s ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✸✻
❙✉❜t❧❡ ❜♦❞②✱ ✈✐t❛❧ ❛✐rs✱ t❤❡ s✉♥✱ ❛♥❞ ✐♥♥❡r ✇❛t❡rs ✶✸✽
❈♦❛rs❡ ❜♦❞② ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✹✸
❙♣❡❡❝❤ ✐♥ ❣❡♥❡r❛❧ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✹✹
P♦❡tr② ❛♥❞ r❡❝✐t✐♥❣ ✈❡rs❡s ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✹✺
❈❤❛♥t✐♥❣ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✹✻
Pr❛✐s✐♥❣ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✹✼
■♥✈♦❦✐♥❣ Indra ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✹✾
❙tr❡♥❣t❤❡♥✐♥❣ Indra ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✹✾
❲❤❛t Indra ✐s ❢♦r ❤✐s ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡rs ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✺✸
❆❞❡♣ts ❛♥❞ ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡rs ♦❢ Indra ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✻✹
❚r❛♥s❧❛t✐♦♥ ✶✼✶
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✳✹ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✼✹
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✳✺ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✼✻
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✳✻ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✼✽
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✳✼ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✽✵
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✳✽ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✽✷
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✳✾ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✽✹
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✳✶✵ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✽✻
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✳✶✶ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✾✵
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✳✶✻ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✾✷
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✳✶✼ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✾✹
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✳✷✶ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✾✻
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✳✷✾ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✾✽
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✳✸✵ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✷✵✵

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✳✸✷ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✷✵✻

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✳✸✸ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✷✶✷

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✳✺✶ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✷✶✽

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✳✺✷ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✷✷✹

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✳✺✸ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✷✸✵

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✳✺✹ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✷✸✹

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✳✺✺ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✷✹✵

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✳✺✻ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✷✹✹

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✳✺✼ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✷✹✽

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✳✻✶ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✷✺✵

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✳✻✷ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✷✺✻

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✳✻✸ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✷✻✷

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✳✽✵ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✷✻✻

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✳✽✶ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✷✼✷

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✳✽✷ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✷✼✻

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✳✽✸ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✷✼✽

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✳✽✹ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✷✽✵

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✳✶✵✵ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✷✽✻

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✳✶✵✶ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✷✾✹

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✳✶✵✷ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✸✵✵

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✳✶✵✸ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✸✵✹

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✳✶✵✹ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✸✵✽

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✳✶✵✽ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✸✶✷

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✳✶✵✾ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✸✶✽

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✳✶✷✶ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✸✷✷

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✳✶✷✾ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✸✷✽

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✳✶✸✵ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✸✸✹

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✳✶✸✶ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✸✹✵

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✳✶✸✷ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✸✹✹

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✳✶✸✸ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✸✹✽

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✳✶✺✺ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✸✺✷

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✳✶✻✺ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✸✺✹

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✳✶✻✾ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✸✻✵

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✳✶✼✵ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✸✻✹

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✳✶✼✸ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✸✻✻

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✳✶✼✹ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✸✼✷

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✳✶✼✺ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✸✼✻

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✳✶✼✻ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✸✼✽

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✳✶✼✼ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✸✽✵

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✳✶✼✽ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✸✽✷

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✷✳✶✶ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✸✽✹

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✷✳✶✷ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✸✾✵

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✷✳✶✸ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✸✾✻

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✷✳✶✹ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✹✵✵

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✷✳✶✺ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✹✵✹

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✷✳✶✻ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✹✵✽

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✷✳✶✼ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✹✶✷

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✷✳✶✽ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✹✶✻

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✷✳✶✾ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✹✶✽

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✷✳✷✵ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✹✷✷

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✷✳✷✶ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✹✷✻

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✷✳✷✷ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✹✷✽

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✷✳✸✵ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✹✸✵

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✸✳✶✷ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✹✸✹

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✸✳✸✵ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✹✸✻

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✸✳✸✶ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✹✹✹

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✸✳✸✷ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✹✺✹

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✸✳✸✸ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✹✻✵

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✸✳✸✹ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✹✻✻

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✸✳✸✺ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✹✼✵

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✸✳✸✻ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✹✼✹

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✸✳✸✼ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✹✼✽

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✸✳✸✽ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✹✽✷

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✸✳✸✾ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✹✽✽

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✸✳✹✵ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✹✾✷

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✸✳✹✶ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✹✾✹

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✸✳✹✷ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✹✾✻

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✸✳✹✸ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✹✾✽

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✸✳✹✹ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✺✵✷

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✸✳✹✺ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✺✵✹

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✸✳✹✻ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✺✵✻

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✸✳✹✼ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✺✵✽

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✸✳✹✽ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✺✶✵

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✸✳✹✾ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✺✶✷

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✸✳✺✵ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✺✶✹

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✸✳✺✶ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✺✶✻

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✸✳✺✷ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✺✷✵

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✸✳✺✸ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✺✷✷

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✸✳✻✷ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✺✸✵

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✹✳✶✻ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✺✸✹

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✹✳✶✼ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✺✹✷

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✹✳✶✽ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✺✺✵

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✹✳✶✾ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✺✺✹

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✹✳✷✵ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✺✺✽

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✹✳✷✶ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✺✻✷

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✹✳✷✷ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✺✻✻

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✹✳✷✸ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✺✼✵

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✹✳✷✹ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✺✼✹

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✹✳✷✺ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✺✼✽

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✹✳✷✻ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✺✽✷

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✹✳✷✼ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✺✽✻

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✹✳✷✽ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✺✽✽

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✹✳✷✾ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✺✾✵

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✹✳✸✵ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✺✾✷

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✹✳✸✶ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✺✾✽

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✹✳✸✷ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✻✵✷

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✹✳✹✶ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✻✵✽

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✹✳✹✷ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✻✶✷

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✺✳✷✾ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✻✶✻

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✺✳✸✵ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✻✷✷

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✺✳✸✶ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✻✷✽

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✺✳✸✷ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✻✸✹

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✺✳✸✸ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✻✹✵

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✺✳✸✹ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✻✹✹

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✺✳✸✺ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✻✹✽

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✺✳✸✻ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✻✺✷

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✺✳✸✼ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✻✺✹

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✺✳✸✽ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✻✺✻

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✺✳✸✾ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✻✺✽

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✺✳✹✵ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✻✻✵

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✺✳✽✻ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✻✻✹

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✻✳✶✼ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✻✻✻

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✻✳✶✽ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✻✼✷

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✻✳✶✾ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✻✼✽

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✻✳✷✵ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✻✽✷

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✻✳✷✶ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✻✽✻

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✻✳✷✷ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✻✾✵

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✻✳✷✸ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✻✾✹

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✻✳✷✹ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✻✾✽

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✻✳✷✺ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✼✵✷

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✻✳✷✻ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✼✵✻

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✻✳✷✼ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✼✶✵

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✻✳✷✽ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✼✶✹

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✻✳✷✾ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✼✶✽

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✻✳✸✵ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✼✷✵

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✻✳✸✶ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✼✷✷

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✻✳✸✷ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✼✷✹

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✻✳✸✸ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✼✷✻

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✻✳✸✹ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✼✷✽

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✻✳✸✺ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✼✸✵

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✻✳✸✻ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✼✸✹

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✻✳✸✼ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✼✸✻

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✻✳✸✽ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✼✸✽

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✻✳✸✾ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✼✹✵

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✻✳✹✵ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✼✹✷

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✻✳✹✶ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✼✹✹

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✻✳✹✷ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✼✹✻

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✻✳✹✸ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✼✹✽

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✻✳✹✹ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✼✺✵

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✻✳✹✺ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✼✺✽

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✻✳✹✻ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✼✻✻

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✻✳✹✼ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✼✼✵

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✻✳✺✼ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✼✽✵

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✻✳✺✾ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✼✽✷

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✻✳✻✵ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✼✽✻

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✻✳✻✽ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✼✾✵

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✻✳✻✾ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✼✾✹

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✻✳✼✷ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✼✾✽

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✼✳✶✽ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✽✵✵

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✼✳✶✾ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✽✵✽

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✼✳✷✵ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✽✶✷

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✼✳✷✶ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✽✶✻

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✼✳✷✷ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✽✷✵

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✼✳✷✸ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✽✷✷

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✼✳✷✹ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✽✷✹

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✼✳✷✺ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✽✷✻

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✼✳✷✻ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✽✸✵

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✼✳✷✼ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✽✸✷

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✼✳✷✽ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✽✸✹

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✼✳✷✾ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✽✸✻

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✼✳✸✵ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✽✸✽

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✼✳✸✶ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✽✹✵

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✼✳✸✷ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✽✹✹

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✼✳✽✷ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✽✺✷

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✼✳✽✸ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✽✺✻

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✼✳✽✹ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✽✻✵

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✼✳✽✺ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✽✻✷

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✼✳✾✸ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✽✻✹

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✼✳✾✹ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✽✻✽

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✼✳✾✽ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✽✼✷

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✼✳✶✵✹ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✽✼✹

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✽✳✶ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✽✽✷

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✽✳✷ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✽✾✷

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✽✳✸ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✾✵✷

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✽✳✹ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✾✶✵

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✽✳✻ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✾✶✻

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✽✳✶✷ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✾✷✻

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✽✳✶✸ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✾✸✽

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✽✳✶✹ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✾✺✵

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✽✳✶✺ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✾✺✹

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✽✳✶✻ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✾✻✵

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✽✳✶✼ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✾✻✹

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✽✳✷✶ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✾✻✽

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✽✳✷✹ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✾✼✹

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✽✳✸✷ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✾✽✷

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✽✳✸✸ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✾✽✽

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✽✳✸✹ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✾✾✻

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✽✳✸✻ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✵✵✷

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✽✳✸✼ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✵✵✻

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✽✳✸✽ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✵✵✽

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✽✳✹✵ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✵✶✵

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✽✳✹✺ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✵✶✻

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✽✳✹✻ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✵✷✻

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✽✳✹✾ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✵✸✻

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✽✳✺✵ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✵✹✵

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✽✳✺✶ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✵✹✹

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✽✳✺✷ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✵✹✽

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✽✳✺✸ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✵✺✷

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✽✳✺✹ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✵✺✻

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✽✳✺✾ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✵✺✽

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✽✳✻✶ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✵✻✷

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✽✳✻✷ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✵✻✽

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✽✳✻✸ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✵✼✷

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✽✳✻✹ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✵✼✻

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✽✳✻✺ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✵✽✵

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✽✳✻✻ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✵✽✹

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✽✳✻✽ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✵✽✽

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✽✳✻✾ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✵✾✷

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✽✳✼✵ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✵✾✽

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✽✳✼✻ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✶✵✹

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✽✳✼✼ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✶✵✻

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✽✳✼✽ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✶✶✵

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✽✳✽✵ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✶✶✷

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✽✳✽✶ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✶✶✹

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✽✳✽✷ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✶✶✻

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✽✳✽✽ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✶✶✽

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✽✳✽✾ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✶✷✵

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✽✳✾✵ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✶✷✷

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✽✳✾✶ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✶✷✹

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✽✳✾✷ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✶✷✽

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✽✳✾✸ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✶✸✻

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✽✳✾✺ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✶✹✹

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✽✳✾✻ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✶✹✻

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✽✳✾✼ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✶✺✹

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✽✳✾✽ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✶✻✵

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✽✳✾✾ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✶✻✹

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✽✳✶✵✵ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✶✻✻

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✵✳✷✷ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✶✼✵

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✵✳✷✸ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✶✼✹

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✵✳✷✹ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✶✼✽

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✵✳✷✼ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✶✽✵

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✵✳✷✽ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✶✾✷

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✵✳✷✾ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✶✾✻

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✵✳✸✷ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✷✵✵

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✵✳✸✽ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✷✵✹

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✵✳✹✷ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✷✵✻

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✵✳✹✸ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✷✶✵

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✵✳✹✹ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✷✶✹

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✵✳✹✼ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✷✶✽

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✵✳✹✽ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✷✷✷

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✵✳✹✾ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✷✷✻

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✵✳✺✵ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✷✸✵

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✵✳✺✹ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✷✸✹

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✵✳✺✺ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✷✸✻

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✵✳✼✸ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✷✹✵

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✵✳✼✹ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✷✹✹

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✵✳✽✾ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✷✹✻

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✵✳✾✻ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✷✺✷

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✵✳✾✾ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✷✺✽

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✵✳✶✵✸ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✷✻✹

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✵✳✶✵✹ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✷✻✽

 ❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✵✳✶✵✺ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✷✼✷
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✵✳✶✶✶ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✷✼✻
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✵✳✶✶✷ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✷✽✵
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✵✳✶✶✸ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✷✽✹
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✵✳✶✶✻ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✷✽✽
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✵✳✶✷✵ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✷✾✷
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✵✳✶✸✶ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✷✾✻
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✵✳✶✸✸ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✷✾✽
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✵✳✶✸✹ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✸✵✷
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✵✳✶✸✽ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✸✵✻
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✵✳✶✹✹ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✸✵✽
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✵✳✶✹✼ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✸✶✵
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✵✳✶✹✽ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✸✶✷
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✵✳✶✺✷ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✸✶✹
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✵✳✶✺✸ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✸✶✻
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✵✳✶✻✵ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✸✶✽
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✵✳✶✻✼ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✸✷✵
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✵✳✶✼✶ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✸✷✷
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✵✳✶✼✾ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✸✷✹
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✵✳✶✽✵ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✸✷✻

❆♣♣❡♥❞✐① ❆✿ ❈❤❛r❛❝t❡r✐st✐❝s ♦❢ Indra ✶✸✷✽

❆♣♣❡♥❞✐① ❇✿ ◆❛♠❡s ❛♥❞ ❡♣✐t❤❡ts ♦❢ Indra ✶✸✸✾
❆♣♣❡♥❞✐① ❈✿ ❱♦❝❛❜✉❧❛r② ✶✸✹✻
❉✐✈✐♥✐t✐❡s ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✸✹✼
❲❤♦♠ ❛♥❞ ✇❤❛t Indra ✜❣❤ts ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✸✺✵
❘✐t✉❛❧s✱ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡✱ t❤❡✐r ♣❛rt✐❝✐♣❛♥ts ❛♥❞ ♠❡❛♥s✶✸✺✷
❈❤❛r❛❝t❡r✐st✐❝s r❡❧❛t❡❞ t♦ Indra ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✸✺✽
■♥♥❡r s❝❡♥❡ ♦❢ Indra✬s ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❛t✐♦♥s ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✸✻✺
❲❤❛t ✐s Indra t♦ ❤✐s ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡rs ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✸✻✾
❈❤❛r❛❝t❡r✐st✐❝s r❡❧❛t❡❞ t♦ ❛❞❡♣ts ♦❢ Indra ✳ ✳ ✶✸✼✵
❈♦♥t❡sts✱ ✜❣❤t✐♥❣ ❛♥❞ ❞♦✐♥❣ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✸✼✷
●✐✈✐♥❣ ❛♥❞ tr❡❛s✉r❡s ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✸✼✺
▼✐♥❞ ❛♥❞ ❜♦❞② ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✸✼✼
❙♦❝✐❡t② ❛♥❞ ❞✇❡❧❧✐♥❣ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✸✽✸
Pr♦♣❡r ♥❛♠❡s ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✸✽✺
❱❛r✐♦✉s ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✸✽✺
❱❛r✐♦✉s ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦ts ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✸✾✽

■♥❞❡① ✶✹✶✼
❆♣♣❡♥❞✐① ❉✿ ❋r❡q✉❡♥❝✐❡s ♦❢ ✇♦r❞ st❡♠s ✶✹✷✺
❇✐❜❧✐♦❣r❛♣❤② ✶✺✶✺
■♥tr♦❞✉❝t✐♦♥

❚♦ ♥♦❜❧❡ ♦♥❡s
✇❤♦ t❤r♦✉❣❤♦✉t ♠✐❧❧❡♥♥✐❛
❦❡♣t t❤❡ ✢❛♠❡ ✢✐❝❦❡r✐♥❣✳

❲❤❛t ✐s ❘✐❣✈❡❞❛❄ ■t ✐s ❛ ❝♦❧❧❡❝t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❤②♠♥s ❝♦♠♣♦s❡❞ ✐♥ ❛r✲

❝❤❛✐❝ ❢♦r♠ ♦❢ ❙❛♥s❦r✐t✱ ❛♥❞ ♠❡t✐❝✉❧♦✉s❧② ♣r❡s❡r✈❡❞ ✐♥ ❡✈❡r② s②❧❧❛❜❧❡
❛♥❞ ❡✈❡r② ❛❝❝❡♥t ❜② ❣❡♥❡r❛t✐♦♥s ♦❢ ❧❡❛r♥❡❞ ❇r❛❤♠✐♥s ❢♦r ❛t ❧❡❛st
t❤r❡❡ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞ ②❡❛rs✳ ❆♥❝✐❡♥t ■♥❞✐❛♥ tr❛❞✐t✐♦♥ ❤♦❧❞s ❘✐❣✈❡❞❛ t♦ ❜❡
t❤❡ ✏❇♦♦❦ ♦❢ ❑♥♦✇❧❡❞❣❡✑ t❤❛t ✐s ❛ s♦✉r❝❡ ♦❢ ♠❛♥② s✉❜s❡q✉❡♥t s♣✐r✲
✐t✉❛❧ ✐❞❡❛s ❛♥❞ ♣❤✐❧♦s♦♣❤✐❝❛❧ s❝❤♦♦❧s✳ ❱❛r✐♦✉s tr❛❞✐t✐♦♥s ♦❢ ②♦❣❛✱
❧✐❜❡r❛t✐♦♥ ❛♥❞ ❞❡✈♦t✐♦♥ ❛r❡ ❝❧❛✐♠✐♥❣ t♦ ❜❡ ❞❡✈❡❧♦♣♠❡♥ts ♦❢ ❛♥❞
❡❧❛❜♦r❛t✐♦♥s ✉♣♦♥ t❤❡ ✇✐s❞♦♠ t❤❛t ❤❛s s❤♦✇♥ ✐ts ❢❛❝❡ts ✐♥ t❤❡ ✐❧✲
❧✉♠✐♥❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❘✐❣✈❡❞❛✳ ❆❧t❤♦✉❣❤ t❤❡ t❡①t ✐s ♣❡r❢❡❝t❧② ♣r❡s❡r✈❡❞✱
t❤❡ ♠❡❛♥✐♥❣ ♦❢ ♠❛♥② st❛♥③❛s ❛♥❞ ❤②♠♥s ✇❛s ❧♦st ♠♦r❡ t❤❛♥ t✇♦
t❤♦✉s❛♥❞ ②❡❛rs ❛❣♦✳ ❊✛♦rts t♦ ❡❧✉❝✐❞❛t❡ t❤❡ ❧♦st ♠❡❛♥✐♥❣ ✇❡r❡ s♦
❡①t❡♥s✐✈❡ ❛s t♦ r❡s✉❧t ♥♦t ♦♥❧② ✐♥ ♠❛♥② ❝♦♠♠❡♥t❛r✐❡s ♦♥ ❘✐❣✈❡❞❛
❜✉t ❛❧s♦ ✐♥ ❛ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❛✉①✐❧✐❛r② t♦ ❘✐❣✈❡❞❛ ❞✐s❝✐♣❧✐♥❡s✱ ❝❛❧❧❡❞
❱❡❞❛♥❣❛s✱ t❤❛t ❛✐❞ ✐♥ ♣r❡s❡r✈✐♥❣✱ ❝♦rr❡❝t❧② r❡❝✐t✐♥❣✱ ✉♥❞❡rst❛♥❞✐♥❣✱
❛♥❞ ❞❡♣❧♦②✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❤②♠♥s ✐♥ r✐t✉❛❧ ❛❝t✐✈✐t✐❡s✳ ❉❡s♣✐t❡ t❤♦s❡ ❡✛♦rts✱
t❤❡ ❦♥♦✇❧❡❞❣❡ ❡♥❝♦❞❡❞ ✐♥ t❤❡ ❘✐❣✈❡❞❛ r❡♠❛✐♥s ♦❜s❝✉r❡✳ ■♥ ✇♦r❞s
♦❢ ❙r✐ ❆✉r♦❜✐♥❞♦✱

❲❡ ❤❛✈❡ ✐♥ t❤❡ ❘✐❣ ❱❡❞❛ ✳✳✳ ❛ ❜♦❞② ♦❢ s❛❝r✐✜❝✐❛❧ ❤②♠♥s

❝♦✉❝❤❡❞ ✐♥ ❛ ✈❡r② ❛♥❝✐❡♥t ❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ ✇❤✐❝❤ ♣r❡s❡♥ts ❛
♥✉♠❜❡r ♦❢ ❛❧♠♦st ✐♥s♦❧✉❜❧❡ ❞✐✣❝✉❧t✐❡s✳ ■t ✐s ❢✉❧❧ ♦❢ ❛♥✲
❝✐❡♥t ❢♦r♠s ❛♥❞ ✇♦r❞s ✇❤✐❝❤ ❞♦ ♥♦t ❛♣♣❡❛r ✐♥ ❧❛t❡r
s♣❡❡❝❤ ❛♥❞ ❤❛✈❡ ♦❢t❡♥ t♦ ❜❡ ✜①❡❞ ✐♥ s♦♠❡ ❞♦✉❜t❢✉❧ s❡♥s❡
❜② ✐♥t❡❧❧✐❣❡♥t ❝♦♥❥❡❝t✉r❡❀ ❛ ♠❛ss ❡✈❡♥ ♦❢ t❤❡ ✇♦r❞s t❤❛t
✐t ❤❛s ✐♥ ❝♦♠♠♦♥ ✇✐t❤ ❝❧❛ss✐❝❛❧ ❙❛♥s❦r✐t s❡❡♠ t♦ ❜❡❛r
♦r ❛t ❧❡❛st t♦ ❛❞♠✐t ❛♥♦t❤❡r s✐❣♥✐✜❝❛♥❝❡ t❤❛♥ ✐♥ t❤❡
❧❛t❡r ❧✐t❡r❛r② t♦♥❣✉❡❀ ❛♥❞ ❛ ♠✉❧t✐t✉❞❡ ♦❢ ✐ts ✈♦❝❛❜❧❡s✱
✷ ■♥tr♦❞✉❝t✐♦♥

❡s♣❡❝✐❛❧❧② t❤❡ ♠♦st ❝♦♠♠♦♥✱ t❤♦s❡ ✇❤✐❝❤ ❛r❡ ♠♦st ✈✐✲

t❛❧ t♦ t❤❡ s❡♥s❡✱ ❛r❡ ❝❛♣❛❜❧❡ ♦❢ ❛ s✉r♣r✐s✐♥❣ ♥✉♠❜❡r ♦❢
✉♥❝♦♥♥❡❝t❡❞ s✐❣♥✐✜❝❛♥❝❡s ✇❤✐❝❤ ♠❛② ❣✐✈❡✱ ❛❝❝♦r❞✐♥❣ t♦
♦✉r ♣r❡❢❡r❡♥❝❡ ✐♥ s❡❧❡❝t✐♦♥✱ q✉✐t❡ ❞✐✛❡r❡♥t ❝♦♠♣❧❡①✐♦♥s
t♦ ✇❤♦❧❡ ♣❛ss❛❣❡s✱ ✇❤♦❧❡ ❤②♠♥s ❛♥❞ ❡✈❡♥ t♦ t❤❡ ✇❤♦❧❡
t❤♦✉❣❤t ♦❢ t❤❡ ❱❡❞❛✳
✶

❚❤❡ ♣r♦❜❧❡♠ ♦❢ ❡❧✐❝✐t✐♥❣ s❛✐❞ ❦♥♦✇❧❡❞❣❡ ✐s st✐❧❧ ✉♥s♦❧✈❡❞✱ ❛♥❞✱

✐♥ ✈✐❡✇ ♦❢ s♦♠❡ ♠♦❞❡r♥ s❝❤♦❧❛rs✱ ❘✐❣✈❡❞❛ ✐s ❛ ❞❡❧✐❜❡r❛t❡❧② ♦❜s❝✉r❡
❝♦❧❧❡❝t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❝♦♠♣❧❡① r✐❞❞❧❡s ✇❤✐❝❤ r❡♠❛✐♥ ✉♥❞❡❝✐♣❤❡r❡❞✱ ❛♥❞ ❛r❡
❡✈❡♥ ✐♥❤❡r❡♥t❧② ✐♥❞❡❝✐♣❤❡r❛❜❧❡ ✳
✷
❘❡❝❡✐✈❡❞ ✐♥t❡r♣r❡t❛t✐♦♥s tr❡❛t t❤❡ ❤②♠♥s ❛s ❥✉st ❧✐t✉r❣✐❝❛❧✱
♠②t❤♦❧♦❣✐❝❛❧✱ ♦r ♣♦❡t✐❝❛❧ ✐♥ s✉❜st❛♥❝❡✳ ❲❡st❡r♥ ■♥❞♦❧♦❣②✱ ❢♦❧❧♦✇✲
✐♥❣ ❝❧♦s❡❧② ❧❡❛r♥❡❞ ❇r❛❤♠❛♥ Sāyan.a ✇❤♦ ✐♥ ✶✹t❤ ❝❡♥t✉r② ✇r♦t❡
❡①t❡♥s✐✈❡ ❝♦♠♠❡♥t❛r② ♦♥ ❘✐❣✈❡❞❛ ❢r♦♠ ❛ ✈❡r② ♥❛rr♦✇ ♣❡rs♣❡❝t✐✈❡
♦❢ ❡①t❡r♥❛❧ r✐t✉❛❧s✱ ♣r❡s❡♥ts s❡✈❡r❛❧ ❢✉❧❧ tr❛♥s❧❛t✐♦♥s ♦❢ ❘✐❣✈❡❞❛
✸
❞✐✛❡r✐♥❣ ♣r✐♠❛r✐❧② ✐♥ ♣❤r❛s✐♥❣ ❛♥❞ ♠✐♥♦r ❞❡t❛✐❧s✳ ■♥ ✇♦r❞s ♦❢ ❙r✐
❆✉r♦❜✐♥❞♦✱ t❤❡s❡ tr❛♥s❧❛t✐♦♥s✴✐♥t❡r♣r❡t❛t✐♦♥s ❣✐✈❡ ✏❛ ♣❧❛✉s✐❜✐❧✐t②
t♦ t❤❡ ❛❜s✉r❞ ❛♥❞ ❛♥ ❛♣♣❡❛r❛♥❝❡ ♦❢ ❜♦❞② t♦ t❤❡ ✉♥s✉❜st❛♥t✐❛❧✑✳
❙♦♠❡ ❝r✐t✐q✉❡ ♦❢ t❤❡♠ ✇❛s ❣✐✈❡♥ ❜② ❙r✐ ❆✉r♦❜✐♥❞♦ ✐♥ ✏❖♥ ♠❡❛♥✲
✐♥❣❢✉❧❧♥❡ss ♦❢ ❱❡❞❛s✑✱ ✏❚❤❡ ❙❡❝r❡t ♦❢ t❤❡ ❱❡❞❛✑✱ ✏❊ss❛②s ✐♥ ❱❡❞✐❝
✹
■♥t❡r♣r❡t❛t✐♦♥✑✱ ❡t❝✳✱ ❛♥❞ ❜② ❏❛♥ ●♦♥❞❛ ✱ ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ♠❛✐♥ ♣♦✐♥t ♦❢
t❤❡ ❝r✐t✐q✉❡ r❡♠❛✐♥s ✈❛❧✐❞ ❡✈❡♥ ❢♦r t❤❡ ♠♦st r❡❝❡♥t tr❛♥s❧❛t✐♦♥ ✐♥t♦
❊♥❣❧✐s❤ ❜② ❙✳❲✳❏❛♠✐s♦♥ ❛♥❞ ❏✳P✳❇r❡r❡t♦♥ ✳
✺

❇♦t❤ ♦❢ t❤❡♠ ✭Sāyan

. a ❛♥❞ ♠♦❞❡r♥ ❊✉r♦♣❡❛♥ s❝❤♦❧❛r✲
s❤✐♣✮ ♣r❡s❡♥t ♦♥❡ ❝❤❛r❛❝t❡r✐st✐❝ ✐♥ ❝♦♠♠♦♥✱ t❤❡ ❡①tr❛♦r✲
❞✐♥❛r② ✐♥❝♦❤❡r❡♥❝❡ ❛♥❞ ♣♦✈❡rt② ♦❢ s❡♥s❡ ✇❤✐❝❤ t❤❡✐r r❡✲
s✉❧ts st❛♠♣ ✉♣♦♥ t❤❡ ❛♥❝✐❡♥t ❤②♠♥s✳ ❚❤❡ s❡♣❛r❛t❡ ❧✐♥❡s
❝❛♥ ❜❡ ❣✐✈❡♥✱ ✇❤❡t❤❡r ♥❛t✉r❛❧❧② ♦r ❜② ❢♦r❝❡ ♦❢ ❝♦♥❥❡❝✲
t✉r❡✱ ❛ ❣♦♦❞ s❡♥s❡ ♦r ❛ s❡♥s❡ t❤❛t ❤❛♥❣s t♦❣❡t❤❡r❀ t❤❡
❞✐❝t✐♦♥ t❤❛t r❡s✉❧ts✱ ✐❢ ❣❛r✐s❤ ✐♥ st②❧❡✱ ✐❢ ❧♦❛❞❡❞ ✇✐t❤
♦t✐♦s❡ ❛♥❞ ❞❡❝♦r❛t✐✈❡ ❡♣✐t❤❡ts✱ ✐❢ ❞❡✈❡❧♦♣✐♥❣ ❡①tr❛♦r❞✐✲
♥❛r✐❧② ❧✐tt❧❡ ♦❢ ♠❡❛♥✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❛♥ ❛♠❛③✐♥❣ ♠❛ss ♦❢ ❣❛✉❞②

✶ ❚❤❡ ❙❡❝r❡t ♦❢ t❤❡ ❱❡❞❛ ❬❆✉r♦❜✐♥❞♦✱ ✶✾✾✽✱ ♣♣✳ ✸✕✹❪

✷ ✏❚❤❡ ❡❛r❧✐❡st s✉r✈✐✈✐♥❣ ♣♦❡t✐❝ ❛♥t❤♦❧♦❣② ✐♥ ❛♥ ■♥❞♦✲❊✉r♦♣❡❛♥ ❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡✱ t♦
✇❤✐❝❤ t❤❡ ♥❛♠❡ ❘✐❣✈❡❞❛ ✇❛s ❣✐✈❡♥ ❛t ❛ r❡♠♦t❡ t✐♠❡ ✐♥ ♣r❡❤✐st♦r✐❝ ■♥❞✐❛✱
r❡♠❛✐♥s ❧❛r❣❡❧② ✉♥❞❡❝✐♣❤❡r❡❞✳ ❚❤✐s ✐s ♥♦t ❜❡❝❛✉s❡ ❙❛♥s❦r✐t s❝❤♦❧❛rs✱ ✇❤♦s❡
♣r❡s❡r✈❡ ✐t ❤❛s ❛❧✇❛②s ❜❡❡♥✱ ❛r❡ ✉♥❛✇❛r❡ ♦❢ ✐ts ✐♠♣♦rt❛♥❝❡❀ ✐t ✐s ❜❡❝❛✉s❡
t❤❡②✱ ❧✐❦❡ t❤❡✐r ❛♥❝✐❡♥t ♣r❡❞❡❝❡ss♦rs✱ ❜❡❧✐❡✈❡ t❤❛t t❤❡ ♣♦❡♠s ❛r❡ ❞❡❧✐❜❡r❛t❡❧②
♦❜s❝✉r❡✱ ❛♥❞ t❤❡r❡❢♦r❡ ✐♥❤❡r❡♥t❧② ✐♥❞❡❝✐♣❤❡r❛❜❧❡✳✑ ❬❚❤♦♠s♦♥✱ ✷✵✵✾✱ ♣✳ ✶❪
✸ ❬❲✐❧s♦♥✱ ✶✽✻✻❪✱ ❬●r✐✣t❤✱ ✶✽✾✻❪✱ ❬●❡❧❞♥❡r✱ ✷✵✵✸❪✱
❬❏❛♠✐s♦♥ ❛♥❞ ❇r❡r❡t♦♥✱ ✷✵✶✹❪✱ ❬Ò✳ ß✳ ➴ëèçàðåíêîâà✱✶✾✽✾✱ ✶✾✾✺✱ ✶✾✾✾❪
✹ ❬●♦♥❞❛✱ ✶✾✽✹❪
✺ ❬❏❛♠✐s♦♥ ❛♥❞ ❇r❡r❡t♦♥✱ ✷✵✶✹❪
 ✸
✜❣✉r❡ ❛♥❞ ✈❡r❜✐❛❣❡✱ ❝❛♥ ❜❡ ♠❛❞❡ t♦ r✉♥ ✐♥t♦ ✐♥t❡❧❧✐❣✐✲
❜❧❡ s❡♥t❡♥❝❡s❀ ❜✉t ✇❤❡♥ ✇❡ ❝♦♠❡ t♦ r❡❛❞ t❤❡ ❤②♠♥s ❛s ❛
✇❤♦❧❡ ✇❡ s❡❡♠ t♦ ❜❡ ✐♥ t❤❡ ♣r❡s❡♥❝❡ ♦❢ ♠❡♥ ✇❤♦✱ ✉♥❧✐❦❡
t❤❡ ❡❛r❧② ✇r✐t❡rs ♦❢ ♦t❤❡r r❛❝❡s✱ ✇❡r❡ ✐♥❝❛♣❛❜❧❡ ♦❢ ❝♦✲
❤❡r❡♥t ❛♥❞ ♥❛t✉r❛❧ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥ ♦r ♦❢ ❝♦♥♥❡❝t❡❞ t❤♦✉❣❤t✳
❊①❝❡♣t ✐♥ t❤❡ ❜r✐❡❢❡r ❛♥❞ s✐♠♣❧❡r ❤②♠♥s✱ t❤❡ ❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡
t❡♥❞s t♦ ❜❡ ❡✐t❤❡r ♦❜s❝✉r❡ ♦r ❛rt✐✜❝✐❛❧❀ t❤❡ t❤♦✉❣❤ts ❛r❡
❡✐t❤❡r ✉♥❝♦♥♥❡❝t❡❞ ♦r ❤❛✈❡ t♦ ❜❡ ❢♦r❝❡❞ ❛♥❞ ❜❡❛t❡♥ ❜②
t❤❡ ✐♥t❡r♣r❡t❡r ✐♥t♦ ❛ ✇❤♦❧❡✳ ✻

❆t t❤❡ ❧❡✈❡❧ ♦❢ ✇♦r❞s ❛♥❞ ♣❤r❛s❡s t❤❡ ♣r♦❜❧❡♠ ♦❢ ✐♥t❡r♣r❡t✐♥❣

❘✐❣✈❡❞❛ ❤②♠♥s ✐s t❤r❡❡❢♦❧❞✿ t♦ ✜♥❞ t❤❡ ❡①♣r❡ss❡❞ s❡♥s❡ ♦❢ ❡❛❝❤
✼
✇♦r❞✱ t♦ ❣✉❡ss t❤❡ ✐♠♣❧✐❡❞ s❡♥s❡ ✱ ❛♥❞ t♦ ❝♦♥❥❡❝t✉r❡ t❤❡ ❛❧❧✉s✐✈❡
✽
♦r s✉❣❣❡st✐✈❡ s❡♥s❡ ✳ ❆t ❛ ❤✐❣❤❡r ❧❡✈❡❧ ♦❢ ❤②♠♥s ❛♥❞ ❝♦❧❧❡❝t✐♦♥s
✾
♦❢ ❤②♠♥s✱ t❤❡ ♣r♦❜❧❡♠ ✐s t♦ r❡❝♦♥str✉❝t t❤❡ ♣❛r❛❞✐❣♠✱ t❤❡ ❣r❛♥❞
✈✐s✐♦♥ ♦❢ ✇❤❛t ❤②♠♥s r❡❢❡r t♦ t❤❛t ♣♦❡ts ♦❢ ❘✐❣✈❡❞❛ ❡①♣r❡ss❡❞ ♦r
r❡♣r❡s❡♥t❡❞ ✇✐t❤ ✉tt❡r❛♥❝❡s✳
❚❤✐s ❜♦♦❦ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ t✇♦ ♦t❤❡rs ♣r♦♣♦s❡s ❛ ❞❡❝✐♣❤❡r♠❡♥t
✶✵
♦❢ ❛♥ ✐♠♣♦rt❛♥t ♣❛rt ♦❢ t❤❡ ❘✐❣✈❡❞❛ ✖ t❤❡ ❤②♠♥s t♦ Indra✱ Soma✱
❛♥❞ Marut✲s✳ ❚❤❡ ❞❡❝✐♣❤❡r♠❡♥t ✐s ❜❛s❡❞ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❛ss✉♠♣t✐♦♥ t❤❛t
t❤❡ ❞✐✣❝✉❧t✐❡s t❤❡s❡ ❤②♠♥s ♣r❡s❡♥t ♦♥ ❜♦t❤ ❧❡✈❡❧s ✖ t❤❡ ❧❡✈❡❧ ♦❢
✇♦r❞s ❛♥❞ ♣❤r❛s❡s✱ ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ❧❡✈❡❧ ♦❢ ❣r❛♥❞ ✈✐s✐♦♥ ✖ ❝♦✉❧❞ ❜❡ ♦✈❡r✲
❝♦♠❡ ✐❢ ✐t ✐s ❛❝❝❡♣t❡❞ t❤❛t
❛ s✐♥❣❧❡ ❤②♠♥ ♠✐❣❤t ♠✐① ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s t❤❛t r❡❢❡r t♦ ❡①t❡r♥❛❧ ❛♥❞
♣❤②s✐❝❛❧ ❛s♣❡❝ts ✇✐t❤ t❤♦s❡ t❤❛t r❡❢❡r t♦ ✐♥♥❡r ♣s②❝❤♦❧♦❣✐❝❛❧ ❛♥❞
s♣✐r✐t✉❛❧ ❛s♣❡❝ts❀

❞❡♣❡♥❞✐♥❣ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❝♦♥t❡①t✱ ❦❡② ✇♦r❞s ♠✐❣❤t ❡①♣r❡ss ❡✐t❤❡r ❡①t❡r♥❛❧

♦r ✐♥♥❡r s❡♥s❡s❀

❡①t❡r♥❛❧ r✐t✉❛❧s ❛r❡ s②♠❜♦❧✐❝ ♦❢ ✐♥♥❡r r✐t✉❛❧s✳

❚❤✐s ❛ss✉♠♣t✐♦♥ ✐s ♥♦t ❡♥t✐r❡❧② ♥❡✇✳ ❚❤❡ ❢♦❧❧♦✇✐♥❣ ✇❛s st❛t❡❞ ❜②

❙r✐ ❆✉r♦❜✐♥❞♦✿
❚❤❡✐r ❬t❤❛t ✐s✱ ♦❢ ❱❡❞✐❝ ❤②♠♥s❪ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛s ❛♥❞ ❝❡r❡♠♦♥✐❡s
❛r❡✱ ♦✈❡rt❧②✱ t❤❡ ❞❡t❛✐❧s ♦❢ ❛♥ ♦✉t✇❛r❞ r✐t✉❛❧ ❞❡✈✐s❡❞
❢♦r t❤❡ P❛♥t❤❡✐st✐❝ ◆❛t✉r❡✲❲♦rs❤✐♣ ✇❤✐❝❤ ✇❛s t❤❡♥ t❤❡
❝♦♠♠♦♥ r❡❧✐❣✐♦♥✱ ❝♦✈❡rt❧② t❤❡ s❛❝r❡❞ ✇♦r❞s✱ t❤❡ ❡✛❡❝✲
t✐✈❡ s②♠❜♦❧s ♦❢ ❛ s♣✐r✐t✉❛❧ ❡①♣❡r✐❡♥❝❡ ❛♥❞ ❦♥♦✇❧❡❞❣❡
✻ ❚❤❡ ❙❡❝r❡t ♦❢ t❤❡ ❱❡❞❛ ❬❆✉r♦❜✐♥❞♦✱ ✶✾✾✽✱ ♣✳ ✻❪
✼ abhidhā
✽ laksanā
. .
✾ vyañjanā
✶✵ ❬❙❡♠❡♥♦✈✱ ✷✵✷✵❪✱ ❬❙❡♠❡♥♦✈✱ ✷✵✶✽❜❪
✹ ■♥tr♦❞✉❝t✐♦♥

❛♥❞ ❛ ♣s②❝❤♦❧♦❣✐❝❛❧ ❞✐s❝✐♣❧✐♥❡ ♦❢ s❡❧❢✲❝✉❧t✉r❡ ✇❤✐❝❤ ✇❡r❡

t❤❡♥ t❤❡ ❤✐❣❤❡st ❛❝❤✐❡✈❡♠❡♥t ♦❢ t❤❡ ❤✉♠❛♥ r❛❝❡✳ ❚❤❡
r✐t✉❛❧ s②st❡♠ r❡❝♦❣♥✐s❡❞ ❜② Sāyan.a ♠❛②✱ ✐♥ ✐ts ❡①t❡r✲
♥❛❧✐t✐❡s✱ st❛♥❞❀ t❤❡ ♥❛t✉r❛❧✐st✐❝ s❡♥s❡ ❞✐s❝♦✈❡r❡❞ ❜② ❊✉✲
r♦♣❡❛♥ s❝❤♦❧❛rs❤✐♣ ♠❛②✱ ✐♥ ✐ts ❣❡♥❡r❛❧ ❝♦♥❝❡♣t✐♦♥s✱ ❜❡
❛❝❝❡♣t❡❞❀ ❜✉t ❜❡❤✐♥❞ t❤❡♠ t❤❡r❡ ✐s ❛❧✇❛②s t❤❡ tr✉❡ ❛♥❞
st✐❧❧ ❤✐❞❞❡♥ s❡❝r❡t ♦❢ t❤❡ ❱❡❞❛✱ ✖ t❤❡ s❡❝r❡t ✇♦r❞s✱
nin.yā vacām si✱ ✇❤✐❝❤ ✇❡r❡ s♣♦❦❡♥ ❢♦r t❤❡ ♣✉r✐✜❡❞ ✐♥
s♦✉❧ ❛♥❞ t❤❡. ❛✇❛❦❡♥❡❞ ✐♥ ❦♥♦✇❧❡❞❣❡✳ ✶✶

❚♦ ❣r❛s♣ t❤✐s ❤✐❞❞❡♥ ♠❡❛♥✐♥❣ ♦❢ ❤②♠♥s t♦ Indra✱ Soma✱ Agni

♦r ❛♥② ♦t❤❡r deva✱ ♦♥❡ ❤❛s t♦ ❛ss✉♠❡ t❤❛t t❤❡s❡ ❤②♠♥s ♠❛❦❡ r❡❢✲
❡r❡♥❝❡s t♦ ♣❛rt✐❝✉❧❛r ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥s✱ ♣✐❝t✉r❡s t❤❛t ❛r❡ ❤❡❧❞ ✐♥ ♠✐♥❞
❜② ❛ ♣♦❡t ♦r ❜② ❛ r❡❝✐t❡r✴s✐♥❣❡r ♦❢ t❤❡ ❤②♠♥✱ ❛♥❞ t❤❛t t❤❡s❡ ✈✐s✉✲
❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥s r❡❢❡r✱ ❢♦r t❤❡ ♠♦st ♣❛rt✱ t♦ ❡✈❡♥ts ❛♥❞ ❛❝t✐♦♥s ❤❛♣♣❡♥✐♥❣
✇✐t❤✐♥✳ ▼❛♥② st❛♥③❛s ♦❢ t❤❡ ❘✐❣✈❡❞❛ ❝❛♥ ❜❡ ✈✐❡✇❡❞ ❛s s❦❡t❝❤②
✐♠♣r❡ss✐♦♥s ✭chandas✲❡s✮ ✉♣♦♥ t❛❧❡♥t❡❞ ♣♦❡ts✬ ♠✐♥❞s ❜② s♣❡❝✐✜❝
❛❝t✐✈✐t✐❡s ❛♥❞ ♣❡r❢♦r♠❛♥❝❡s ♦❢ ✇❤✐❝❤ ♣♦❡ts✱ s✐♥❣❡rs ❛♥❞ r❡❝✐t❡rs
✇❡r❡ ♦♥ ♠❛♥② ♦❝❝❛s✐♦♥s ❛ ♣❛rt✳ ❆ ❤②♠♥✱ ♦r sūtra✱ ♣r❡s❡♥ts ❛ ❢❛❝❡t
♦❢ s✉❝❤ ❛❝t✐✈✐t②✱ ❜✉t ✇❛s ♥♦t ✐♥t❡♥❞❡❞ t♦ ❣✐✈❡ ❛ ❢✉❧❧ ❞❡s❝r✐♣t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ✐t
✖ ❥✉st ❛♥ ✐♥❞✐✈✐❞✉❛❧ ✐♠♣r❡ss✐♦♥ t❤❛t r❡s♦♥❛t❡s ✇✐t❤ ♦t❤❡r ♣r❡s❡♥t
♦r ❢✉t✉r❡ ♣❛rt✐❝✐♣❛♥ts✳ ❚❤❡ ❝♦❧❧❡❝t✐♦♥ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❤②♠♥s t❤❛t ✐s ❘✐❣✈❡❞❛
s❡❡♠s t♦ ❛tt❡♠♣t t♦ ❝r❡❛t❡ ❛ ♠♦s❛✐❝ ♦❢ s✉❝❤ ✐♥❞✐✈✐❞✉❛❧ ✐♠♣r❡s✲
s✐♦♥s t❤❛t ❝♦✉❧❞ ❣✐✈❡ ❛ ❢✉❧❧❡r✱ ❜✉t st✐❧❧ ❝♦♥❝❡❛❧❡❞ ❢r♦♠ ✉♥✐♥✐t✐❛t❡❞✱
❞❡s❝r✐♣t✐♦♥✳ ❚❤❡s❡ ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥s ❛r❡ ❞✐✛❡r❡♥t ❢♦r ❞✐✛❡r❡♥t ❤②♠♥s
❜✉t ❛r❡ ❞❡r✐✈❡❞ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ s❛♠❡ s❡t ♦❢ ♣❛r❛❞✐❣♠s t❤❛t ❝❛♥ ♦♥❧② ❜❡
❣✉❡ss❡❞✳ ❘❡❢❡r❡♥❝❡s t♦ t❤❡♠ ❛r❡ ♠❛❞❡ ✇✐t❤ ❛ r❛t❤❡r ❝r②♣t✐❝ ❛♥❞
♠❡t❛♣❤♦r✐❝❛❧ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s✱ ❛♥❞ ✇✐t❤ r✐t✉❛❧ ❛❝t✐♦♥s✳ ❆ r❡❝♦♥str✉❝✲
t✐♦♥ ♦❢ s♦♠❡ ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥s ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ✈♦❝❛❜✉❧❛r② ♦❢ r❡❢❡rr✐♥❣ t♦ t❤❡♠
❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s ✇✐❧❧ ❜❡ ♣r❡s❡♥t❡❞ ✐♥ ✇❤❛t ❢♦❧❧♦✇s✳
❆❝❝♦r❞✐♥❣ t♦ t❤❡ ❧♦♥❣ tr❛❞✐t✐♦♥ ✭❛s ❡①♣❧✐❝❛t❡❞ ❜② Yaska✮ ❘✐❣✈❡❞❛
❛❞♠✐ts ❛ t❤r❡❡❢♦❧❞ ✐♥t❡r♣r❡t❛t✐♦♥✿
adhiyajña ✭♣❡r❢♦r♠❛♥❝❡ ♦❢ r✐t✉❛❧s✮✱
adhidaivata ✭r❡❢❡r❡♥❝❡ t♦ ❞❡✈❛s✮✱
adhyātma ✭r❡❢❡r❡♥❝❡ t♦ ✐♥❞✐✈✐❞✉❛❧✮✳

❲❤✐❧❡ adhiyajña ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤ s❡❡❦s t♦ ✐♥t❡r♣r❡t ✇♦r❞s ❛♥❞ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s

♦❢ t❤❡ ❤②♠♥s ❛s r❡❧❛t❡❞ t♦ ❞❡t❛✐❧s ❛♥❞ ♠♦✈❡s ♦❢ ❛ ✜r❡ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣ ♦r
♦t❤❡r ❡①t❡r♥❛❧ r✐t✉❛❧s✱ ❛s ❞✐r❡❝t✐♦♥s t❤❛t ❛r❡ ❛ ♣❛rt ♦❢ ❛ ✜①❡❞ s❝r✐♣t✱
adhyātma ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤ str✐✈❡s t♦ tr❡❛t t❤❡♠ ❛s r❡❢❡rr✐♥❣ t♦ ✈❛r✐♦✉s
✶✶ ❬❆✉r♦❜✐♥❞♦✱ ✶✾✾✽✱ ♣✳ ✽❪
 ✺

st❛t❡s ♦❢ ♠✐♥❞✴❜♦❞② ❛♥❞ ✇❛②s t♦ ❛❧t❡r ♦r ♣r❡s❡r✈❡ t❤❡♠✱ ❛s ✐♥❥✉♥❝✲

t✐♦♥s
✶✷ t♦ ♣✉rs✉❡ ❞✐s❡♥❣❛❣❡♠❡♥t ♦r ❡✈❡♥ ❧✐❜❡r❛t✐♦♥ ❢r♦♠ ✇❤❛t ❧❛t❡r
✇✐❧❧ ❜❡ ❝❛❧❧❡❞ sam
✶✸
. sāra ✳
■t ✐s ❛ss✉♠❡❞ ❤❡r❡ t❤❛t ✏t❤❡ r❡❛❧ t❤r❡❛❞ ♦❢ t❤❡ s❡♥s❡ ✐s t♦ ❜❡
❢♦✉♥❞ ✐♥ ❛♥ ✐♥♥❡r ♠❡❛♥✐♥❣✑ ❬❆✉r♦❜✐♥❞♦✱ ✶✾✾✽✱ ♣✳ ✾❪ t❤✉s ♠❛❦✐♥❣
t❤❡ adhyātma ❛s♣❡❝t t❤❡ ❦❡② t♦ ✉♥❞❡rst❛♥❞✐♥❣ t❤❡ Indra✱ Soma✱
❛♥❞ Marut✲s ❤②♠♥s✳ ❖✉t❧✐♥❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ adhyātma ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤ ❛s ✉s❡❞
❤❡r❡ ✇❛s ❣✐✈❡♥ ✐♥ ❬❙❡♠❡♥♦✈✱ ✷✵✶✽❛❪✳ ❆♣♣r♦❛❝❤✐♥❣ ❘✐❣✈❡❞❛✬s ❤②♠♥s
❛♥❞ r✐t✉❛❧s ❢r♦♠ adhyātma s✐❞❡✱ ♦♥❡✬s ❛tt❡♥t✐♦♥ ✐s ♦♥ ❝❤❛♥❣❡s ✐♥s✐❞❡
♦♥❡✬s ♠✐♥❞ ❛♥❞ ❜♦❞② t❤❛t ❛❝t✐♦♥s ❡✛❡❝t✳ ■t ✐s tr❛♥s❢♦r♠❛t✐♦♥s ♦❢
♦♥❡✬s ♠✐♥❞ ❛♥❞ ❜♦❞② t❤❛t ❛r❡ ❜❡✐♥❣ ♣✉rs✉❡❞ ❛♥❞ ❛r❡ ❧❡❛r♥❡❞ ❛❜♦✉t✱
♥♦t s❡q✉❡♥❝❡s ♦❢ st❡♣s ✐♥ ❛♥ ❡①t❡r♥❛❧ r✐t✉❛❧✳ ❋♦r ❡①❛♠♣❧❡✱ ✇❤❡♥ ♦♥❡
❧✐❣❤ts ❛ ✜r❡✱ ♣✉ts ✐♥t♦ ✐t ❣❤❡❡✱ ❛♥❞ ✇❛t❝❤❡s ✢❛♠❡s ✢❛r❡ ✉♣✱ ❡①t❡r♥❛❧✱
♦r adhiyajña✱ ✈✐❡✇ ♦❢ ✐t ✐s t♦ s❡♥❞ t❤❡ ❣❤❡❡ ❛♥❞ ♦t❤❡r s✉❜st❛♥❝❡s
❛s ❛♥ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣ t♦ deva✲s r❡s✐❞✐♥❣ s♦♠❡✇❤❡r❡ ✐♥ t❤❡ s❦②❀ adhyātma
❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤ ✐♥ t❤✐s ❝❛s❡ ✇♦✉❧❞ ❜❡ t♦ ✈✐❡✇ ❧✐t ✜r❡ ❛♥❞ ♣♦✉r❡❞ ✐♥t♦
✐t ❣❤❡❡ ❛s ♠❡❛♥s t♦ ❛❧❧♦✇ ♦♥❡s❡❧❢ t♦ ❞❡t❛❝❤ ❢r♦♠ ✐♠♠❡❞✐❛t❡ ❝❛♣✲
t✉r✐♥❣ ❛tt❡♥t✐♦♥ st✐♠✉❧✐ ✭❝♦❧❞✱ ❞❛r❦♥❡ss✱ ✇✐❧❞ ❛♥✐♠❛❧s✱ t✐r❡❞♥❡ss✱
❤✉♥❣❡r✱ ❡t❝✳✮ ❛♥❞ t♦ r❡❝❛❧❧ ❛s♣✐r❛t✐♦♥s✱ ❞r❡❛♠s✱ ♦r✐❣✐♥❛❧ ✐♥t❡♥t✐♦♥s
❛♥❞ ✈✐s✐♦♥s ❜❡❤✐♥❞ ❛ ❧♦♥❣✲✇✐♥❞❡❞ q✉❡st ❛♥❞ t♦ ♦❜s❡r✈❡ t❤❛t ✏✜r❡✲✐♥✲
t❤❡✲❜❡❧❧②✑ ✇❤✐❝❤ ♠❛❦❡s ♦♥❡ ❣♦✐♥❣ t♦ ✢❛r❡ ✉♣ ✖ ❛s ❣❤❡❡ ✐♥ ♣❤②s✐❝❛❧
✜r❡ ✖ ✐♥ t❤❡ ❞❡♣t❤ ♦❢ ♦♥❡✬s ❜❡✐♥❣ ❛♥❞ t♦ ❧❡t ✐t s❤✐♥❡✳ ❲❤❡♥ ♦♥❡
s✐♥❣s ❤②♠♥s ♦❢ ♣r❛✐s❡ t♦ Indra✱ adhiyajña ✈✐❡✇ ✐s t♦ ❣✐✈❡ ♣r❛✐s❡ t♦
r❡s✐❞✐♥❣ ♠❛② ❜❡ ♥❡❛r❜②✱ ♠❛② ❜❡ ❢❛r ❛✇❛② deva✱ ❛♥❞ ❤♦♣❡ ❤❡ ✇♦✉❧❞
❤❡❛r ❛♥❞ ❝♦♠❡❀ adhyātma ♣❡rs♣❡❝t✐✈❡ ✐s t❤❛t ❜② r❤②t❤♠✐❝❛❧ ♣r❛✐s❡s
♦♥❡ ♣r✐♠❡s ♦♥❡✬s ❜♦❞② ❛♥❞ ♠✐♥❞ t♦ ❛❝❝❡♣t tr❛♥s✐t✐♦♥ ✐♥t♦ t❤❡ st❛t❡
♦❢ ❜❡✐♥❣ ♣♦ss❡ss❡❞ ❜② Indra✳ ■♥ ❣❡♥❡r❛❧✱ adhyātma ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤ s❡❡❦s
✐♥ ❤②♠♥s ♦❢ ❘✐❣✈❡❞❛ ♥♦t ❧✐t✉r❣✐❝❛❧ ❝♦♠♣♦♥❡♥ts ♦❢ ❡①t❡r♥❛❧ r✐t✉❛❧s✱
❜✉t✱ ✐♥ ✇♦r❞s ♦❢ ❆❧❢r❡❞ ❍✐❧❧❡❜r❛♥❞t✱ ✏t❤❡ ♣❛tt❡r♥s ♦❢ t❤♦✉❣❤t ✇❤✐❝❤
❡♠❡r❣❡ ❢r♦♠ ✉♥❢❛t❤♦♠❛❜❧❡ ❞❡♣t❤s✳✑
✶✹ ■❢ ♦♥❡ ❛❝❝❡♣ts t❤❡ tr❛❞✐✲
t✐♦♥❛❧ ❜❡❧✐❡❢ t❤❛t ❘✐❣✈❡❞❛ ✐s t❤❡ ✏❇♦♦❦ ♦❢ ❑♥♦✇❧❡❞❣❡✑✱ t❤❡♥✱ ✉s✐♥❣
adhyātma✱ ♦♥❡ ❝❛♥ r❡❛❞ ❤②♠♥s t♦ Indra✱ Agni✱ Soma✱ ❛♥❞ Marut✲s
❛s ❛ t❡❛❝❤✐♥❣ ♦♥ ❤♦✇ t♦ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❛♥ ārya ✖ ❛ ♥♦❜❧❡ ♦♥❡ ✖ ♥♦t
✐♥ ❜❧♦♦❞✱ ♦r ✐♥ s♦❝✐❛❧ st❛♥❞✐♥❣✱ ❜✉t ♥♦❜❧❡ ✐♥ t❤♦✉❣❤ts✱ ❞❡❡❞s✱ ❛♥❞
s♣✐r✐t✳
❚❤✐s ❜♦♦❦ ✐s ❛ r❡s✉❧t ♦❢ ✐♥t❡r♣r❡t✐♥❣ ❤②♠♥s t♦ Indra ❢r♦♠ t❤❡
adhyātma ♣❡rs♣❡❝t✐✈❡✳ ❙❡❝t✐♦♥s P❛r❛❞✐❣♠ ❛♥❞ ❈♦♥❝❡♣ts ❛♥❞ ❙②♠✲
❜♦❧s ❣✐✈❡ ✏t❤❡ ❣r❛♥❞ ✈✐s✐♦♥✑ ❜❡❤✐♥❞ ❤②♠♥s t♦ Indra ❛♥❞ ❦❡②s t♦ t❤❡
❞❡❝✐♣❤❡r♠❡♥t❀ s❡❝t✐♦♥ ❉❡s❝r✐♣t✐♦♥s ✳✳✳ ♣r♦✈✐❞❡ ❞❡t❛✐❧❡❞ ❛♥❞ r❡❢❡r✲

✶✷ vidhi✲s
✶✸ ❝✐r❝✉✐ts ♦❢ ♠✉♥❞❛♥❡ ❡①✐st❡♥❝❡
✶✹ ❬❍✐❧❧❡❜r❛♥❞t✱ ✶✾✾✵✱ ♣✸❪
❡♥❝❡❞ t♦ t❤❡ t❡①t ♦❢ t❤❡ ❤②♠♥s ❛❣❣r❡❣❛t❡ ❞❡s❝r✐♣t✐♦♥s ♦❢ ✈❛r✐♦✉s
❛❝t✐✈✐t✐❡s ❛♥❞ ❝♦♥❝❡♣ts r❡❧❡✈❛♥t t♦ Indra❀ ❆♣♣❡♥❞✐① ❆ ♣r❡s❡♥ts ❛
❝♦♥❞❡♥s❡❞ ❧✐st ♦❢ Indra✬s ❝❤❛r❛❝t❡r✐st✐❝s t❤❛t ❝❛♥ ❜❡ ✉s❡❞ ✐♥ ♣❡r✲
s♦♥❛❧ ♣r❛❝t✐❝❡s❀ ❆♣♣❡♥❞✐① ❇ ❣✐✈❡s ♥❛♠❡s ❛♥❞ ❡♣✐t❤❡ts ♦❢ Indra ❛r✲
r❛♥❣❡❞ ✐♥t♦ s❡♠❛♥t✐❝ ❝❧✉st❡rs❀ ❆♣♣❡♥❞✐① ❈ ✐s ❛ ✈♦❝❛❜✉❧❛r② ♦❢ ♠♦st
❢r❡q✉❡♥t ✶✵✻✺ ✇♦r❞s ✐♥ ❤②♠♥s t♦ Indra ❛♥❞ ✐s ❣✐✈❡♥ t♦ ❤❡❧♣ ✇✐t❤
❛♥ ✐♥❞❡♣❡♥❞❡♥t tr❛♥s❧❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❤②♠♥s ❛♥❞ st❛♥③❛s❀ ❆♣♣❡♥❞✐① ❉ ❧✐sts
✇♦r❞ ❢r❡q✉❡♥❝✐❡s ✐♥ Indra ❤②♠♥s ❛♥❞ ❝❛♥ ❜❡ ✉s❡❞ t♦ ♣♦✐♥t ♦✉t ❣❡♥✲
❡r❛❧ ❢♦❝✉s ♦❢ t❤❡ ❤②♠♥s❀ ❝❤❛♣t❡r ❚r❛♥s❧❛t✐♦♥ ♣r❡s❡♥ts ❛ ♣❛r❛❧❧❡❧
tr❛♥s❧❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ✷✽✹ ❤②♠♥s t♦ Indra ✖ ❙❛♥s❦r✐t t❡①t ♦❢ ❛ ❤②♠♥ ♦♥
t❤❡ ❧❡❢t✱ tr❛♥s❧❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ✐t ✐♥t♦ ❊♥❣❧✐s❤ ♦♥ t❤❡ r✐❣❤t✳ ❍②♠♥s ❛r❡
♣r❡s❡♥t❡❞ ❤❡r❡ ✐♥ t❤❡ tr❛❞✐t✐♦♥❛❧ ♦r❞❡r ❛s ❣✐✈❡♥ ✐♥ ❘✐❣✈❡❞❛ sam
. hitā
✖ ❛rr❛♥❣❡❞ ✐♥t♦ t❡♥ ❜♦♦❦s✳ ❇♦♦❦s ✶✱✽✱ ❛♥❞ ✶✵ ❛r❡ ❝♦❧❧❡❝t✐♦♥s ♦❢
❤②♠♥s ❛s❝r✐❜❡❞ t♦ ✈❛r✐♦✉s ❝❧❛♥s ♦❢ ♣♦❡ts✱ ✇❤✐❧❡ ❜♦♦❦s ✷✕✼ ❛r❡ ❝❛❧❧❡❞
✏❢❛♠✐❧② ❜♦♦❦s✑ s✐♥❝❡ ❡❛❝❤ ❝♦♥t❛✐♥s ❤②♠♥s ❜② ♣♦❡ts ♦❢ ❛ ♣❛rt✐❝✉❧❛r
❝❧❛♥✴❢❛♠✐❧②✳ ❋r♦♠ t❤❡ ♣❡rs♣❡❝t✐✈❡ ♦❢ ❤②♠♥s t♦ Indra✱ ❜♦♦❦ ✶ ❝❛♥ ❜❡
❝♦♥s✐❞❡r❡❞ ❛s ❛♥ ✐♥tr♦❞✉❝t✐♦♥ t♦ t❤❡ t♦ ❛s♣✐r✐♥❣ Indra ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡rs✲
t♦✲❜❡✱ ❜♦♦❦ ✽ ✖ ❛s t❡❝❤♥✐❝❛❧ ♥♦t❡s ❛♥❞ ❛ ✜❡❧❞ ❣✉✐❞❡ t♦ ♣r❛❝t✐❝✐♥❣
Indra ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡rs✱ ❜♦♦❦ ✶✵ ❛s ❛♥ ♦✈❡r✈✐❡✇ ❛♥❞ ✇✐❞❡r ❝♦♥t❡①ts ❜②
❛♥❞ ❢♦r t❤♦s❡ ✇❤♦ ❤❛✈❡ ❛❧r❡❛❞② ❡①♣❡r✐❡♥❝❡❞ t❤❡ st❛t❡ ♦❢ Indra✱ ✇❤✐❧❡
❜♦♦❦s ✷✕✼ ❛r❡ ❞❡t❛✐❧✐♥❣ ♣r❛❝t✐❝❡s ♦❢ ♣❛rt✐❝✉❧❛r ❣r♦✉♣s ♦❢ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✲
✐♦♥s✱ ♦r ✏s❛❝r✐✜❝✐❛❧ ❝✐r❝❧❡s✑✳ ❇♦♦❦ ✾ ❝♦♥s✐sts ♦❢ ❤②♠♥s t♦ Soma ✖
❢♦r tr❛♥s❧❛t✐♦♥ ❛♥❞ ❝♦♠♠❡♥t❛r② ♦♥ ✐t✱ s❡❡ ❬❙❡♠❡♥♦✈✱ ✷✵✷✵❪✳

❲❤❛t ✇❛s ♦r✐❣✐♥❛❧❧② ✐♥t❡♥❞❡❞ ❛s ❥✉st ❛ ❝❧❛r✐✜❝❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ♣r✐♦r

tr❛♥s❧❛t✐♦♥s✱ ✇❤✐❝❤ s❡❡♠❡❞ t♦ ♠❡ t♦ ♦❜s❝✉r❡ ♦r ❣❧♦ss ♦✈❡r s♦♠❡✲
t❤✐♥❣ ✐♠♣♦rt❛♥t ✐♥ t❤❡ ❘✐❣✈❡❞❛✱ t✉r♥❡❞ ♦✉t t♦ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ♥♦t ♦♥❧② ❛♥
❡♥❞❡❛✈♦r t♦ ✐♥t❡r♣r❡t ❛ ❜✐❣ ♣❛rt
✶✺ ❛♥❞ ♦❢ ❘✐❣✈❡❞❛ ✏❢r♦♠ s❝r❛t❝❤✑
❜✉t ❛ ♣✐❧❣r✐♠❛❣❡ t♦ ❤✐❞❞❡♥ ❧❛♥❞s✳ P♦♥❞❡r✐♥❣ ❡✈❡r ♥♦✈❡❧ ✏✇❡❧❧✲
t✇✐st❡❞✑ st❛♥③❛s ❜❡❝❛♠❡ ❧✐❦❡ ✇♦♥❞❡r✐♥❣ t❤r♦✉❣❤ ♣❛t❤❧❡ss ♠♦✉♥t❛✐♥
t❡rr❛✐♥ ✐♥ s❡❛r❝❤ ♦❢ ❛ ♣❛ss✳ ▼❛② ✜❡❧❞ ♥♦t❡s ♦❢ t❤✐s ♣✐❧❣r✐♠❛❣❡ ❣✐✈❡
r❡❛❞❡rs ❛ ❝❤❛♥❝❡ t♦ ❥♦✉r♥❡② t♦ t❤❛t ✈❡✐❧❡❞ ❜② ✇❛t❡r❢❛❧❧s ❛♥❞ ♠✐sts
♦❢ ❝✐✈✐❧✐③❡❞ ❧✐❢❡ ❧❛♥❞ ♦❢ deva✲s✱ ❞❡♠♦♥s✱ ❛♥❞ ♥♦✲s❡❧❢ t❤❛t ✐s ❛ ♣❛rt
♦❢ ❤✉♠❛♥ ♥❛t✉r❡✳ ❋♦r ❛♥ ✐♥t❡❧❧✐❣❡♥t ♠❛♥✱ ❘✐❣✈❡❞❛ ❝❛sts ❧✐❣❤t ♦♥
s❡❝r❡t ♣❛ss❛❣❡s✱ tr❛♣s✱ ❛♥❞ ❜✉❜❜❧✐♥❣ s♣r✐♥❣s ♦❢ ♥♦♥✲❢♦r❝✐♥❣ str❡♥❣t❤
❛♥❞ ❛❧❧✲♣❡r✈❛❞✐♥❣ ❧✐❢❡✲❢♦r❝❡✳

❉❡s♣✐t❡ ❛❧❧ ❝r✐t✐❝✐s♠s t❤❛t ❝❛♥ ❜❡ ❧❡✈❡❧❡❞ ❛❣❛✐♥st ♣r✐♦r ✐♥t❡r✲

♣r❡t❛t✐♦♥s✴tr❛♥s❧❛t✐♦♥s✱ t❤✐s ❜♦♦❦ ❜♦rr♦✇s ❤❡❛✈✐❧② ❢r♦♠ ❛♥❞ ❜✉✐❧❞s
✉♣♦♥ t❤❡♠✱ ✐♥ ♣❛rt✐❝✉❧❛r✱ ♦♥ ✇♦r❦s ❜② ❍✳ ❍✳ ❲✐❧s♦♥✱ ❍✳●r❛ss♠❛♥♥✱
❙r✐ ❆✉r♦❜✐♥❞♦✱ ▲✳❘❡♥♦✉✱ ❏✳●♦♥❞❛✱ ❚✳❨❛✳❊❧✐③❛r❡♥❦♦✈❛✱ ❑✳❋✳●❡❧❞♥❡r✱
❛♥❞ ❙✳❲✳❏❛♠✐s♦♥ ❛♥❞ ❏✳P✳❇r❡r❡t♦♥✳

✶✺ ♣r❡s❡♥t❡❞ ✐♥ t❤✐s ❛♥❞ t✇♦ ♦t❤❡r ❜♦♦❦s ♦♥ Soma ❛♥❞ Marut✲s ❤②♠♥s
 ✼

P❛r❛❞✐❣♠
❚❤❡ ♣❛t❤ ♦❢ ❦♥♦✇❧❡❞❣❡
✐s ❛ ✇❛rr✐♦r ♣❛t❤✳

■♥ t❤❡ ✐♥♥❡r ♣s②❝❤♦❧♦❣✐❝❛❧ s❡♥s❡ Indra ✐s t❤❛t ✇❤✐❝❤ ♠❛❦❡s

♦♥❡ ❡♥t❡r ❛ s♣❡❝✐✜❝ ❛❧t❡r❡❞ st❛t❡ ♦❢ ♠✐♥❞✴❜♦❞②✴♣❤②s✐♦❧♦❣②✳ ■t
✐s ❛ss✉♠❡❞ ❤❡r❡ t❤❛t ❛ ❝❧♦s❡ ❛♥❛❧♦❣② t♦ t❤✐s ❛❧t❡r❡❞ st❛t❡ ♦❢
♠✐♥❞✴❜♦❞②✴♣❤②s✐♦❧♦❣② ✐s ✇❤❛t ✐s ❦♥♦✇♥ ❛s t❤❡ ❣❛♥❣r✱ ♦r ❜❡rs❡r❦✲
❡r❣❛♥❣ ✭t❤❛t ✏✐s ❛♥ ❛❧t❡r❡❞ st❛t❡ ♦❢ ♣❤②s✐♦❧♦❣② ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ♦r tr✐❣✲
❣❡r❡❞ ❜② ❛ ❤✐❣❤ ❛❞r❡♥❛❧✐♥❡ st❛t❡✑ ❬❙❦❛❧❧❛❣r✐♠ss♦♥✱ ✷✵✶✹✱ ♣✳✷✹❪ s✉❝❤
t❤❛t ❜♦t❤ s②♠♣❛t❤❡t✐❝ ❛♥❞ ♣❛r❛s②♠♣❛t❤❡t✐❝ s②st❡♠s ❛r❡ ✈❡r② ❛❝✲
t✐✈❡ ❛t t❤❡ s❛♠❡ t✐♠❡ ✇❤✐❧❡ s♦♠❡ ♣❛rts ♦❢ t❤❡ ❜r❛✐♥ t❤❛t ❦❡❡♣ tr❛❝❦
♦❢ t❤❡ s❡❧❢ ❜❡✐♥❣ s❤✉t ♦✛ ✖ t❤❡ ✉♥✐t❛r② st❛t❡ ❬❙❦❛❧❧❛❣r✐♠ss♦♥✱ ✷✵✶✹✱
♣✳✷✽❪✮✱ ❜✉t ❝❛♥ ♣♦t❡♥t✐❛❧❧② ❞✐✛❡r ❢r♦♠ ✐t ✐♥ t❤❛t ❛ ♣❡rs♦♥ ✐♥ t❤❡
st❛t❡ ✐♥❞✉❝❡❞ ❜② Indra ❤❛s✱ ❞❡s♣✐t❡ ♣r♦❢♦✉♥❞ ❝❤❛♥❣❡s ✐♥ ♠❡♥t❛❧
❛♥❞ ❜♦❞✐❧② st❛t❡✱ ❢✉❧❧ ❝♦♥s❝✐♦✉s ❝♦♥tr♦❧ ❛♥❞ s❤❛r♣ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❢❛❝✉❧t✐❡s✳
■♥ ❘✐❣✈❡❞❛✱ ❛ ♣❡rs♦♥ ✇❤♦ ✐s ✐♥ t❤✐s st❛t❡ ✐s s❛✐❞ t♦ ❜❡ Indra✱ ♦r
❤❛✈❡ t❤❡ q✉❛❧✐t② ♦❢ ❜❡✐♥❣ ✐♥ ♦♥❡ ❞❡❣r❡❡ ♦r ❛♥♦t❤❡r ❛♥ Indra✶✻ ✳ ❚❤❡
✇♦r❞ Indra ✐s ✉s❡❞ ✐♥ ❘✐❣✈❡❞❛ ✐♥ t❤r❡❡ s❡♥s❡s✿ t❤❛t ✇❤✐❝❤ ♠❛❦❡s
♦♥❡ ❡♥t❡r ❛ s♣❡❝✐✜❝ ❛❧t❡r❡❞ st❛t❡ ♦❢ ♠✐♥❞✴❜♦❞②✴♣❤②s✐♦❧♦❣②✱ ❛ ♣❡r✲
s♦♥ ✐♥ s✉❝❤ ❛❧t❡r❡❞ st❛t❡ ♦❢ ♠✐♥❞✴❜♦❞②✴♣❤②s✐♦❧♦❣②✱ t❤❡ st❛t❡ ✐ts❡❧❢✳
❆❧t❤♦✉❣❤ t❤❡ st❛t❡ ♦❢ Indra ♠✐❣❤t ♦❝❝✉r ♥❛t✉r❛❧❧②✱ ✐t ❝❛♥ ❜❡ ❡♥✲
t❡r❡❞ ❛♥❞ ❡①✐t❡❞ ✐♥ ❛ ❝♦♥tr♦❧❧❡❞ ❢❛s❤✐♦♥✳ Indra ✇♦rs❤✐♣ ✐♥ ❘✐❣✈❡❞❛
✐s ❛❜♦✉t r✐t✉❛❧s ❛♥❞ ♣r❛❝t✐❝❡s t❤❛t ❛r❡ ❞❡s✐❣♥❡❞ t♦ ❤❛✈❡ t❤✐s st❛t❡
❝♦♥tr♦❧❧❡❞✳ ❆❧t❤♦✉❣❤ ❞❡t❛✐❧s ❛r❡ ✈❡r② s❦❡t❝❤②✱ s♦♠❡ ✐♠♣♦rt❛♥t ❢❡❛✲
t✉r❡s ♦❢ t❤❡ r✐t✉❛❧s ❛♥❞ ♣r❛❝t✐❝❡s ❝❛♥ ❜❡ ❡❧✐❝✐t❡❞ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ t❡①t✳
❚❤✐s ✐♥t❡r♣r❡t❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❤②♠♥s t♦ Indra ❛ss✉♠❡s t❤❛t t❤❡ st❛t❡
♦❢ Indra s❤❛r❡s ♠❛♥② ❛s♣❡❝ts ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ❜❡rs❡r❦❡r❣❛♥❣ ♦❢ ◆♦rs❡ ❧♦r❡✳
❋✐rst✲❤❛♥❞ ❡①♣❡r✐❡♥❝❡s ♦❢ t❤❡ ❣❛♥❣r ❞❡s❝r✐❜❡❞ ❜② ❲❛②❧❛♥❞ ❙❦❛❧❧❛✲
❣r✐♠ss♦♥ ✐♥ ❬❙❦❛❧❧❛❣r✐♠ss♦♥✱ ✷✵✶✹❪ ❣❛✈❡ ♠❡ ❤✐♥ts t♦ t❤❡ ✐♥t❡r♣r❡✲
t❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ s♦♠❡ t❡❝❤♥✐❝❛❧ ✇♦r❞s ✉s❡❞ t♦ r❡❢❡r t♦ t❤❡ st❛t❡ ♦❢ Indra
✐♥ t❤❡ ❘✐❣✈❡❞❛ ❛♥❞ t♦ ❣❡♥❡r❛❧ ♦✉t❧✐♥❡s ♦❢ t❤❡ st❛t❡✳ ❍✐s ❜♦♦❦ ❝❛♥
❜❡ ❤❡❧♣❢✉❧ t♦ r❡❛❞ ✐♥ ✐ts ❡♥t✐r❡t②✱ ❜✉t✱ ✐♥ ♦r❞❡r t♦ ❣✐✈❡ t❤❡ r❡❛❞❡r
❛ ❜❡tt❡r ✐❞❡❛ ✇❤❛t ♣❛rt✐❝✉❧❛r st❛t❡s ♦❢ ♠✐♥❞✴❜♦❞② ❛♥❞ r✐t✉❛❧s ♦❢
❡♥t❡r✐♥❣✴❡①✐t✐♥❣ t❤❡♠ ♠✐❣❤t ❜❡ r❡❧❡✈❛♥t ♦r ❛♥❛❧♦❣♦✉s t♦ ✇❤❛t ✐s
❞❡s❝r✐❜❡❞ ✐♥ t❤✐s ❜♦♦❦✱ t✇♦ ❡①❝❡r♣ts ❢r♦♠ ✐t ❛r❡ ❣✐✈❡♥ ❜❡❧♦✇✳ ❋✐rst✱
❛ ❣❡♥❡r❛❧ ❞❡s❝r✐♣t✐♦♥ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❣❛♥❣r ❬❙❦❛❧❧❛❣r✐♠ss♦♥✱ ✷✵✶✹✱ ♣♣✳✷✹✕✷✾❪✿

■t ❛❧❧ ❜❡❣✐♥s ✇✐t❤ str❡ss✳ ❙tr❡ss ❛❝t✐✈❛t❡s t❤❡ ✢✐❣❤t

✶✻ ❚❤❛t ✏ Indra✑ ❝❛♥ ❞❡♥♦t❡ ❛ q✉❛❧✐t② ✇✐t❤ ✈❛r✐♦✉s ❞❡❣r❡❡s ♦❢ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥ ✐s

❡✈✐❞❡♥❝❡❞ ❜② t❤❡ ✇♦r❞ Indratama ✖ ✏♠♦st Indra✑ ♦r ✏t❤❡ ❜❡st Indra✑ ✖
t❤❛t ✐s ✉s❡❞ ✐♥ ✶✳✶✽✷✳✷❛ ❛♥❞ ✼✳✼✾✳✸❛✳
✽ P❛r❛❞✐❣♠

♦r ✜❣❤t s②st❡♠✱ ❛❧s♦ ❝❛❧❧❡❞ s②♠♣❛t❤❡t✐❝ ♥❡r✈♦✉s s②s✲

t❡♠✳ ❚❤✐s ✐s ♣❛rt ♦❢ ②♦✉r ❜r❛✐♥ ❛♥❞ ❜♦❞② t❤❛t r❡❧❡❛s❡s
❛❞r❡♥❛❧✐♥❡✱✳✳ ❛ ❧✐tt❧❡ ❜✐t ♦❢ t❤✐s ✐s ❛ ❣♦♦❞ t❤✐♥❣✱ ❛♥❞
♠❛❦❡s r❡✢❡①❡s ❛ ❧✐tt❧❡ q✉✐❝❦❡r✳✳✳ ❚♦♦ ♠✉❝❤ ♦❢ t❤✐s ✐s
❛ ❜❛❞ t❤✐♥❣✱ t❤♦✉❣❤✱ ❢♦r ❡①❝❡ss ❛❞r❡♥❛❧✐♥❡ ❝❛✉s❡s t❤❡
s❤❛❦❡s ❛♥❞ ❛ ❧♦ss ♦❢ ❝♦♦r❞✐♥❛t✐♦♥✳ ▼❡❞✐t❛t✐♦♥ s❡❡♠s t♦
❛❧❧❡✈✐❛t❡ t❤✐s ♣r♦❜❧❡♠✳ ✳✳✳ ❡①♣❡r✐❡♥❝❡ ✇✐t❤ ♠❡❞✐t❛t✐♦♥
❣✐✈❡s t❤♦s❡ ✇❤♦ ♣r❛❝t✐❝❡ ❛t ✐t t❤❡ ❦❡② ❢♦r ♠❛♥❛❣✐♥❣ t♦
❡♥❞✉r❡ ❤✐❣❤❡r t❤❛♥ ♥♦r♠❛❧ ❧❡✈❡❧s ♦❢ ❛❞r❡♥❛❧✐♥❡ ✇❤✐❧❡
s✉✛❡r✐♥❣ ♥♦♥❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❞r❛✇❜❛❝❦s✳ ✳✳✳ ❯♣♦♥ t❤❡ ♦♥s❡t
♦❢ t❤❡ str❡ss✱ ❡s♣❡❝✐❛❧❧② ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ❡①tr❡♠❡r t❡❝❤♥✐q✉❡s✱
t❤❡r❡ ✐s ❛ ♠♦♠❡♥t ♦❢ ❝r✐s✐s✳ ■s t❤❡ s✉r❣❡ ♦❢ ❡♠♦t✐♦♥ ❛♥❞
❛❞r❡♥❛❧✐♥❡ ❣♦✐♥❣ t♦ ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠ ②♦✉ ❛♥❞ s❝❛tt❡r ②♦✉r
t❤♦✉❣❤ts❄ ❖r ❛r❡ ②♦✉ ❣♦✐♥❣ t♦ ❤❛♥❣ ♦♥t♦ ❛ ♣♦✇❡r❢✉❧
♠❡❞✐t❛t✐✈❡ st❛t❡ ❛♥❞ ❧❡t t❤❡ ❝❤❛♦s ♣❛ss t❤r♦✉❣❤ ②♦✉✱
t❤✉s st❛②✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❝♦♥tr♦❧❄ ❚❤✐s ✐s ✇❤②✱ ❛s t❤❡ str❡ss ✐s
❛♣♣❧✐❡❞✱ t❤❡ ❜❡rs❡r❦❡r ✐s ✉s✉❛❧❧② ❛❧s♦ ❡♥t❡r✐♥❣ ❛ ♠❡❞✐✲
t❛t✐✈❡ st❛t❡✳ ✳✳✳ ❖♥❝❡ t❤❡ ❝r✐s✐s ✐s ♣❛st✱ t❤❡ ❜❡rs❡r❦❡r ✐s
✐♥ ❛ st❛t❡ ✳✳✳ ♦❢ r❛✐s❡❞ ❡♥❡r❣②✳ ✳✳✳ ❉❡♣❡♥❞✐♥❣ ♦♥ t❤❡ ♥❛✲
t✉r❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ♠❡❞✐t❛t✐✈❡ st❛t❡ t❤❡ ❜❡rs❡r❦❡r ✇❛s ✐♥ ✇❤❡♥
❛❞r❡♥❛❧✐♥❡ s❤♦t ✉♣✱ t❤❡ ♥❛t✉r❡ ♦❢ t❤✐s st❛t❡ ✇✐❧❧ ❜❡ ❞✐✛❡r✲
❡♥t✳ ■❢ t❤❡ ♠❡❞✐t❛t✐✈❡ ❢♦❝✉s ✇❛s ✉♣♦♥ ❡♥❡r❣❡t✐❝✱ ❢✉r✐♦✉s✱
♣♦✇❡r❢✉❧ t❤♦✉❣❤ts ❛♥❞ ❡♠♦t✐♦♥s t❤❡♥ t❤❡ ❜❡rs❡r❦❡r ✇✐❧❧
❜❡ s❛✐❞ t♦ ❜❡ ❢✉❧❧ ♦❢ ✇♦❞ ❡♥❡r❣②✿ ❛ ✜❡r②✱ ❢✉r✐♦✉s s♣✐r✐✲
t✉❛❧ ❡♥❡r❣② ❢r♦♠ ◆♦rs❡ ❧♦r❡✳ ■❢ t❤❡ ♠❡❞✐t❛t✐✈❡ ❢♦❝✉s ✇❛s
♦♥ ❝❛❧♠✱ ❜❛❧❛♥❝❡✱ ❛♥❞ ❤❛r♠♦♥②✱ t❤❡♥ ✐t ✇✐❧❧ ❜❡ ♠♦r❡ ♦❢
❛ ❝❤✐ ✲❧✐❦❡ ❡♥❡r❣②✳✳✳ ❲❤❛t ✐s ❛❝t✐✈❡ ✐♥ t❤❡ ❜r❛✐♥ ❛t t❤❡
t✐♠❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❛❞r❡♥❛❧✐♥❡ ❞✉♠♣ ✐s ✇❤❛t ❣❡ts ✜r❡❞ ✉♣✳ ✳✳✳
■❢ t❤✐s t❡❝❤♥✐q✉❡ ✐s t❛❦❡♥ t♦ t❤❡ ❡①tr❡♠❡✱ t❤❡ ♣❛r❛s②♠✲
♣❛t❤❡t✐❝ ♥❡r✈♦✉s s②st❡♠ ✐s ❛❝t✐✈❛t❡❞✳ ❚❤❡ ❞♦❝t♦rs ❝❛❧❧
t❤✐s ♦❝❝✉rr❡♥❝❡✶✼ ❡♥t❡r✐♥❣ t❤❡ ✉♥✐t❛r② st❛t❡✳ ❇❡❝❛✉s❡
t❤❡ ❜r❛✐♥ ♣❤②s✐❝❛❧❧② ♥♦ ❧♦♥❣❡r ❤❛s ❛❝❝❡ss t♦ ❛♥② ❝♦♥❝❡♣t
♦❢ s❡❧❢✱ ✐♥❝❧✉❞✐♥❣ ✐♥ s♦♠❡ ❝❛s❡s t❤❡ ❜♦❞②✱ ✐t ❝♦♥❝❡✐✈❡s
♦❢ ✐ts❡❧❢ ❛s ❜❡✐♥❣ ✇❤❛t❡✈❡r t❤❡ s❡♥s❡s ❛r❡ t❡❧❧✐♥❣ ✐t ✐t✬s
s❡❡✐♥❣✳ ✭❚❤✐s ♠❡❛♥s t❤❡ ✐♥♥❡r s❡♥s❡s✱ ❛s ✇❡❧❧ ❛s t❤❡ ✜✈❡
♦✉t❡r ♦♥❡s✳✮✳✳✳ ❚❤❡r❡ ✐s ❛♥♦t❤❡r ❝r✐s✐s ♠♦♠❡♥t ✐♥✈♦❧✈❡❞
✐♥ tr❛♥s✐t✐♦♥✐♥❣ ❢r♦♠ ♠❡r❡❧② r❛✐s❡❞ ❡♥❡r❣② ❛❧❧ t❤❡ ✇❛②
t♦ t❤❡ ✉♥✐t❛r② st❛t❡✳ ❖♥❝❡ t❤❡ st❛t❡ ✐s ❡♥t❡r❡❞ ✐♥t♦✱
t❤❡r❡ ✐s ❛♥ ✐♠♠❡❞✐❛t❡ ❧♦ss ♦❢ ♣❡rs♣❡❝t✐✈❡ ❛♥❞ s❡♥s❡ ♦❢
✶✼ t❤❛t✐s✱ ❜♦t❤ s②♠♣❛t❤❡t✐❝ ❛♥❞ ♣❛r❛s②♠♣❛t❤❡t✐❝ s②st❡♠s ❜❡✐♥❣ ✈❡r② ❛❝t✐✈❡
❛t t❤❡ s❛♠❡ t✐♠❡ ✇❤✐❧❡ s♦♠❡ ♣❛rts ♦❢ t❤❡ ❜r❛✐♥ t❤❛t ❦❡❡♣ tr❛❝❦ ♦❢ t❤❡ s❡❧❢
❜❡✐♥❣ s❤✉t ♦✛
 ✾

s❡❧❢✱ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② ❛ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ❡♥❡r❣② ❛♥❞ ❛❧t❡r❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢

t❤❡ ✇❛② t❤❡ ♠✐♥❞ ✐s ✇♦r❦✐♥❣✳ ■t t❛❦❡s ❛ tr✉❧② ❛❞✈❛♥❝❡❞
♠❡❞✐t❛t✐✈❡ st❛t❡ t♦ ♥♦t ❜❡ s✐♠♣❧② t❤r♦✇♥ ✐♥t♦ ❝❤❛♦s ❜②
t❤✐s✱ ❛♥❞ ✐♠♠❡❞✐❛t❡❧② ♦✉t ♦❢ t❤❡ ✉♥✐t❛r② st❛t❡✳ ■t ✐s
tr✉❡ t❤❛t t❤❡ ✉♥✐t❛r② st❛t❡ ❝❛♥ ❜❡ ❡♥t❡r❡❞ ✐♥ ❛ ✈❛r✐✲
❡t② ♦❢ ✇❛②s✳ ❇✉t ❜❡❝❛✉s❡ t❤❡ ❝r✐t✐❝❛❧ ❢❡❛t✉r❡ ✐s t♦ ❤❛✈❡
♦♥❡ ❤❛❧❢ ♦❢ t❤❡ ♥❡r✈♦✉s s②st❡♠ ❝♦♠♣❧❡t❡❧② ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠❡❞✱
❛♥② ♠❡t❤♦❞ t❛❦❡s s♦♠❡ ❞♦✐♥❣ ✳
✶✽

❚❤❛t tr❛♥s✐t✐♦♥ ✖ ❢r♦♠ ♠❡r❡❧② r❛✐s❡❞ ❡♥❡r❣② t♦ ✉♥✐t❛r② st❛t❡ ✖

♠✐❣❤t ❤❛✈❡ ❜❡❡♥ t❤❡ ❣❡r♠ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❝♦♥❝❡♣t ♦❢ Śiva ✐♥ ❧❛t❡r s②st❡♠s✳
❆ss✉♠✐♥❣ ✐t ✐s tr✉❡✱ Śiva ✐s t❤❛t ✇❤✐❝❤ tr❛♥s❢♦r♠s st❛t❡ ♦❢ ❛♥❣❡r✱
❡❧❡✈❛t❡❞ ❛❞r❡♥❛❧✐♥❡ ❛♥❞ ❤✐❣❤ str❡ss ✐♥t♦ ❞❡❡♣❧② ♠❡❞✐t❛t✐✈❡ st❛t❡ t❤❛t
r❡♠♦✈❡s ❜♦✉♥❞❛r✐❡s ♠❛✐♥t❛✐♥❡❞ ❜② t❤❡ ❝♦♥str✉❝t ♦❢ ✏■✑ ✳ ❚❤✐s tr❛♥✲
s✐t✐♦♥ r❡s✉❧ts ✐♥ ❛tt❛✐♥♠❡♥t ♦❢ svàr✳ svàr ✐s ❛♥ ✉♥❛tt❛❝❤❡❞ st❛t❡ ♦❢
♠✐♥❞✱ ❡q✉❛♥✐♠✐t②✱ ❡❛s❡ ♦❢ ❛r✐s✐♥❣✱ ❛✐r✐♥❡ss ♦r ✢✉✐❞✐t② ♦❢ t❤❡ ♠✐♥❞✱
❛♥❞ ✐s ❧✐❦❡ ❛ ❝❧❡❛r ❝❛❧♠ ✐♥s✐❞❡ t❤❡ ❡②❡ ♦❢ ❛ ❝②❝❧♦♥✳ ■t ✐s r❡❢❡rr❡❞ t♦
✐♥ ❘✐❣✈❡❞❛ ❛s ❛ ❥❡✇❡❧✱ ❛s ❛ tr❡❛s✉r❡✳
❙❡❝♦♥❞✱ ❛ ❞❡s❝r✐♣t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ✜rst✲❤❛♥❞ ❡①♣❡r✐❡♥❝❡s ❬❙❦❛❧❧❛❣r✐♠ss♦♥✱ ✷✵✶✹✱
♣♣✳✸✵✕✸✷❪✿

❚❤❡ ❣❛♥❣r ❜❡❣✐♥s ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ st✐❧❧♥❡ss ♦❢ t❤❡ ♠✐♥❞ ❜r♦✉❣❤t

❛❜♦✉t ❜② ♠❡❞✐t❛t✐♦♥✳
❚❤❡ s❡♥s❡s ❜❡❣✐♥ t♦ s❤❛r♣❡♥✳ ❊♠♦t✐♦♥s ❜❡❣✐♥ t♦ s♣✐❦❡✱
r❛♥❞♦♠❧② s✉r❣✐♥❣ ✐♥ str❡♥❣t❤✳
❚❤❡r❡ ♠❛② ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❛♥ ❛✇❛r❡♥❡ss ♦❢ t❤❡ s♣❛❝❡ ❛r♦✉♥❞
②♦✉✳✳✳
❊♥t✐r❡ ✜❡❧❞ ♦❢ ✈✐s✐♦♥ ❜❡❝♦♠❡s ❜r✐❧❧✐❛♥t ❛♥❞ s❤✐♥❡s✳
❚❤❡ ❡♠♦t✐♦♥s ❛r❡ r✉♥♥✐♥❣ ❤✐❣❤ ❛♥❞ t❤❡r❡ ❜❡❣✐♥s t♦ ❜❡
❛ ❤✐❣❤ ❞❡❣r❡❡ ♦❢ ❝♦♥♥❡❝t✐✈✐t② ❜❡t✇❡❡♥ ❝♦♥t❡♠♣❧❛t✐♦♥s✱
❛❝ts✱ ❛♥❞ ❡♠♦t✐♦♥s✳
❚❤❡r❡ ♠❛② ❜❡ ❛ tr❛♣♣❡❞✱ ♣❛♥✐❝❦② s❡♥s❛t✐♦♥✳ ❚❤❡r❡ ♠❛②
❝♦♠❡ ❛ ❝❡rt❛✐♥t② t❤❛t ❙♦♠❡t❤✐♥❣ ❍♦rr✐❜❧❡ ✐s st❛♥❞✐♥❣
r✐❣❤t ♦✈❡r t❤❡ s❤♦✉❧❞❡r✳
❱♦✐❝❡s t❤❛t ❝❤❛♥t ♦r ❝❛❧❧ ❛✇❢✉❧ t❤✐♥❣s ♠❛② ❜❡ ❤❡❛r❞✳✶✾
✳✳✳ t❤❡r❡ ✐s ♣r♦♥♦✉♥❝❡❞ ♣s②❝❤❡t❛❝❤✐❛✱ ✇❤✐❝❤ ✐s t❤❡ ♣❡r✲
❝❡♣t✐♦♥ t❤❛t t✐♠❡ ♦✉ts✐❞❡ t❤❡ ❜♦❞② ✐s r✉♥♥✐♥❣ str❛♥❣❡❧②
s❧♦✇✳
✶✽ ❡♠♣❤❛s✐s ✐s ♠✐♥❡
✶✾ t❤❡s❡ ❛r❡ tr✐❝❦s ♣❧❛②❡❞ ♦♥ ♦♥❡ ❜② Vr.tra✱ ♦r ✐♥♥❡r ✐♥❤✐❜✐t✐♦♥ t♦ ❡♥t❡r t❤❡
st❛t❡ ✇❤❡r❡ s❡❧❢ ✐s ❧♦st✳ ❲❤❛t❡✈❡r ♠❛❞❡ ♦♥❡ ❢❡♥❞ ❢♦r ❤✐♠s❡❧❢ ✐♥ t❤❡ ♣❛st✱
♠❛❞❡ ♦♥❡ t♦ ❛✈♦✐❞ ❞❛♥❣❡r✱ ✐s ❜r♦✉❣❤t t♦ ♠✐♥❞ ❛s ✇❛r♥✐♥❣ t♦ ❜❛❝❦ ♦✛✱ ❛s ❛
❥✉st✐✜❝❛t✐♦♥ ❢♦r ♥♦t ❞♦✐♥❣ ✐t✳
 ✶✵ P❛r❛❞✐❣♠

✳✳✳ ❚❤❡ ♣✉❧s❡ ✐s ✈❡r② r❛♣✐❞ ✳✳✳ ❚❤❡ ♣❛r❛s②♠♣❛t❤❡t✐❝

♥❡r✈♦✉s s②st❡♠ ❦✐❝❦s ✐♥✱ ✐♥ r❡s♣♦♥s❡ t♦ t❤❡ ❡♥♦r♠♦✉s
str❡ss t❤❡ ❜♦❞② ❛♥❞ ♠✐♥❞ ❛r❡ ✉♥❞❡r✳
❚❤❡r❡ ✐s ❛ ❢❡❡❧✐♥❣ ♦❢ ❡❝st❛s②✳
❚❤❡ ✉♥✐t❛r② st❛t❡ ✐s ❛❝❤✐❡✈❡❞✳
❚❤❡r❡ ❛r❡ ✈✐s✐♦♥s str♦♥❣ ❡♥♦✉❣❤ t♦ ❝♦♠♣❧❡t❡❧② ❜❧♦❝❦ ♦✉t
♣❤②s✐❝❛❧ s✐❣❤t✱ ❡✈❡♥ t❤♦✉❣❤ t❤❡ ❡②❡s ❛r❡ ♦♣❡♥✳
❚❤❡r❡ ✐s ❛ ❢❡❡❧✐♥❣ ❧✐❦❡ t❤❡ ❜❡rs❡r❦ ✐s ❛ r✐✈❡r❜❡❞ t❤r♦✉❣❤
✇❤✐❝❤ ❛ t♦rr❡♥t ♦❢ ❡♠♦t✐♦♥ ❛♥❞ ♣♦✇❡r r✉s❤❡s✳
❆♥②t❤✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❜❡rs❡r❦ ❧♦♦❦s ❛t t❤❡ ❜❡rs❡r❦ ❜❡❝♦♠❡s✱ ❛t✲
t❛✐♥s ❛♥ ✉♥✐t❛r② st❛t❡ ✇✐t❤✳
✳✳✳
❆❢t❡r t❤❡ ❣❛♥❣r ❝♦♠❡s t❤❡ ❢❛t✐❣✉❡✳
❚❤❡ ❜❡rs❡r❦ ✇✐❧❧ ♦❢t❡♥ ❜❡ t♦♦ ✇❡❛❦ t♦ st❛♥❞✳ ❆ ❞❡✲
♣r❡ss✐♦♥ s♦♠❡t✐♠❡s s❡ts ✐♥✱ ♦❝❝❛s✐♦♥❛❧❧② ❣❡tt✐♥❣ s❡✈❡r❡✳
❚❤❡r❡ ✐s ❛♥ ❡♠♦t✐♦♥❛❧❧② ✏❢r❛②❡❞✑ ❢❡❡❧✐♥❣✱ ❛♥❞ ❛ s❤♦rt
t❡♠♣❡r✳

▼❛♥② ❝♦♠♠♦♥❛❧✐t✐❡s ❜❡t✇❡❡♥ s✉❝❤ ❡①♣❡r✐❡♥❝❡s ❛♥❞ t❤❡ st❛t❡ ♦❢

Indra ❛s ❞❡s❝r✐❜❡❞ ✐♥ ❘✐❣✈❡❞❛ ✇✐❧❧ ❜❡ ♠❛❞❡ ❝❧❡❛r❡r ✐♥ s✉❜s❡q✉❡♥t
s❡❝t✐♦♥s✳
❙♦♠❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❜❡♥❡✜ts ♦❢ t❤✐s ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤ t♦ ✐♥t❡r♣r❡t✐♥❣ ❤②♠♥s t♦
Indra ❛r❡✿

✖ ❝❧❡❛r ❝♦♥♥❡❝t✐♦♥s ❜❡t✇❡❡♥ ♠❛♥② ♣r❛❝t✐❝❡s ♦❢ ②♦❣❛✱ t❛♥tr❛ ❛♥❞

❇✉❞❞❤✐s♠ ♦❢ ❧❛t❡r ❛❣❡s ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ❘✐❣✈❡❞❛❀

✖ ✉♥❞❡rst❛♥❞✐♥❣ ✇❤② ❡❧❛❜♦r❛t❡ r✐t✉❛❧s ✇❡r❡ ❞❡s✐❣♥❡❞ ❜② ✐♥s♣✐r❡❞

✇♦rs❤✐♣❡rs ❛♥❞ ♣♦❡ts ♦❢ Indra✱ ❛♥❞ ✇❤② t❤❡② ✇❡r❡ ❞❡❡♠❡❞ t♦ ❜❡
❦❡♣t s❡❝r❡t✱ ✉♥❞❡r t❤❡ ✈❡✐❧ ♦❢ ❤✐❣❤❧② s②♠❜♦❧✐❝✱ ❢✉❧❧ ♦❢ ❡❧❧✐♣t✐❝ ❡①✲
♣r❡ss✐♦♥s✱ ❞❡❧✐❜❡r❛t❡❧② ♦❜s❝✉r❡✱ ♣♦❡t✐❝❛❧ ❛♥❞ r❤②t❤♠✐❝ ❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ ♦❢
❘✐❣✈❡❞❛❀

✖ ♠❛❦✐♥❣ ❞✐✛❡r❡♥t ❛s♣❡❝ts ♦❢ ❘✐❣✈❡❞❛ ✖ ❧✐❦❡ r✐t✉❛❧s r❡❧❛t❡❞ t♦

Soma✱ ❤②♠♥s t♦ Marut✲s✱ r✐t✉❛❧s r❡❧❛t❡❞ t♦ Indra ✖ ✇❡❧❧ ✜tt✐♥❣
✇✐t❤ ❡❛❝❤ ♦t❤❡r❀

✖ ❞✐s♣❡♥s✐♥❣ ✇✐t❤ ✐♥❝♦❤❡r❡♥t t♦ t❤❡ t❡①t ♥❛t✉r❛❧✐st✐❝ ✐♥t❡r♣r❡t❛t✐♦♥

♦❢ Indra ❛s ❛ ❞❡✐t② ♦❢ r❛✐♥❝❧♦✉❞s✱ t❤✉♥❞❡rst♦r♠s ❛♥❞ ❧✐❣❤t♥✐♥❣ ♦r
✐♥t❡r♣r❡t❛t✐♦♥s t❤❛t ♠❛❦❡ Indra t♦ ❜❡ ❥✉st ❛ t♦♦❧ ♦❢ ✐❞❡♦❧♦❣②
✷✵ ✳

✷✵ ✏ Indra ✐s ❛ ❞✐s❝✉rs✐✈❡ ❢♦r♠❛t✐♦♥ ♣r♦❞✉❝❡❞ ❜② r✐t✉❛❧✐sts✑ ❬❲❤✐t❛❦❡r✱ ✷✵✶✶✱

♣✳✶✵✹❪ t❤❛t r✐t✉❛❧✐③❡s r♦❧❡ ❛♥❞ ✐❞❡♥t✐t② r❡♣r❡s❡♥t✐♥❣ ♠❛s❝✉❧✐♥✐t②✱ ❛♥❞
t❤❛t ♠❛s❝✉❧✐♥✐t② ✐s ❥✉st ❛ s♦❝✐❛❧ ❝♦♥str✉❝t✱ ✏❛♥ ❡♠❜♦❞✐❡❞ ♣♦st✉r❡ ❛♥❞
♣r♦❥❡❝t✐♦♥✑ ❬❲❤✐t❛❦❡r✱ ✷✵✶✶✱ ♣✳✸✺❪✳ ❙✐♠✐❧❛r ✐❞❡❛ t❤❛t ❡♠♣❤❛s✐③❡s Indra ❛s ❛
r♦❧❡ ♠♦❞❡❧ ♦❢ ✏❞✐str✐❜✉t✐✈❡ ❝♦♠♠✉♥❛❧ ❡t❤✐❝ ♦❢ s❡♠✐✲♥♦♠❛❞✐❝ ❆r②❛♥ tr✐❜❡s✲
 ✶✶
Indra ✐♥ t❤✐s ✐♥t❡r♣r❡t❛t✐♦♥ ✐s ❛ st✐rr❡r✱ ❛♥ ✐❣♥✐t❡r ♦❢ ❛ ♣❛r✲ ✷✶
t✐❝✉❧❛r t②♣❡ ♦❢ ❢✉r②✱ ♦r ❞✐✈✐♥❡ ✇r❛t❤✱ t❤❛t ✐s ❧✐❦❡ ❛ ♣♦ss❡ss✐♦♥ ❜②
❛ s♣✐r✐t ✖ ✈❡r② ♠✉❝❤ ❧✐❦❡ ❖❞✐♥ ✐s ✖ ❛♥❞✱ ❛s s✉❝❤✱ Indra✬s r♦❧❡
✐s ♥♦t t♦ str✉❝t✉r❡ s♦❝✐❛❧ ♦r❣❛♥✐③❛t✐♦♥ ❜✉t✱ ✜rst ❛♥❞ ❢♦r❡♠♦st✱ t♦
tr❛♥s❢♦r♠ ❛♥ ✐♥❞✐✈✐❞✉❛❧ ✜❣❤t❡r✱ ♦r ❡✈❡♥ ❛ t✐♠✐❞ ♣❡rs♦♥✱ ✐♥t♦ ❛♥
❡①tr❛♦❞✐♥❛r② ✇❛rr✐♦r✱ ♦r t♦ ❢❛❝✐❧✐t❛t❡ ❢♦r ❛ t❤✐♥❦❡r ♦❝❝✉r❡♥❝❡s ♦❢
✐♥s✐❣❤ts ♦r ❢♦r♠❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ♥♦♥✲tr✐✈✐❛❧ ✐❞❡❛s✳
■t s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡ ♥♦t❡❞ t❤❛t ❛♥② ❡①t❡r♥❛❧ r✐t✉❛❧ ♣❡r❢♦r♠❡❞ ❜② Indra
❛❞❡♣ts ✐s ❧✐❦❡ s❤❛❞♦✇s s❡❡♥ ❜② ✐♥❤❛❜✐t❛♥ts ♦❢ Plato✬s ❝❛✈❡✳ ❙✉❜✲
st❛♥t✐❛❧ ❛❝t✐♦♥s ❛♥❞ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t✐♥❣ t❤❡♠ ❧✐❣❤t ❤❛♣♣❡♥ ♦♥ ❛ ♠❡♥t❛❧
♣❧❛♥❡ ❡✛❡❝t✐♥❣ ❝❤❛♥❣❡s ✐♥ ✇❤❛t ✐s ✈✐s✐❜❧❡ ♦✉ts✐❞❡ ❛♥❞ ♠❡❞✐❛t❡❞ ❜②
t❤❡ ❣r♦ss ❜♦❞②✳ ❲❤❡♥ ✐♥♥❡r ❛❝t✐♦♥s ❜❡❝♦♠❡ s❤❛r♣ ❛♥❞ ✈❡r② ❡✛❡❝✲
t✐✈❡✱ t❤❡ ❝♦♥♥❡❝t✐♦♥ ♦❢ t❤❡♠ ✇✐t❤ ❡①t❡r♥❛❧ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❛t✐♦♥s ❜❡❝♦♠❡
s♦ str♦♥❣✱ ❡①t❡r♥❛❧ ❛❝t✐♦♥s ✇✐❧❧ ❜❡ ❝❛♣❛❜❧❡ t♦ ❡✈♦❦❡ ❛ s❡q✉❡♥❝❡ ♦❢
✐♥♥❡r ♦♥❡s✳ ❚❤✐s ❡✛❡❝t ♦❢ r❡✈❡rs❡ ❛❝t✐✈❛t✐♦♥ ♠✐❣❤t ❜❡ t❤❡ ♦r✐❣✐♥
♦❢ s♦♠❡ t❡❝❤♥✐q✉❡s ♦❢ hat.ha✲②♦❣❛ ✖ t❛❦✐♥❣ ❛ ♣❛rt✐❝✉❧❛r ♣♦st✉r❡✱
❡✛❡❝t✐♥❣ ❛ ♣❛rt✐❝✉❧❛r ❛❝t✐✈✐t② ♦❢ ♠✉s❝❧❡s✱ ♦r ❜r❡❛t❤✐♥❣ ✐♥ s♣❡❝✐❛❧
✇❛②s ✱ ♠❡❞✐t❛t✐♥❣✱ ❡♥t❡r✐♥❣ samādhi ✖ ❛❧❧ ♦❢ ✇❤✐❝❤ ♠✐❣❤t ❤❛♣✲
✷✷
♣❡♥ ✐♥ t❤❡ ♥❛t✉r❛❧ ❝♦✉rs❡ ♦❢ ❡♥t❡r✐♥❣ t❤❡ st❛t❡ ♦❢ Indra ✖ ♠✐❣❤t
tr✐❣❣❡r ♦r ❡✈♦❦❡ ✐♥♥❡r ❛❝t✐♦♥s t❤❛t ❝❛✉s❡ t❤❡♠ ❞✉r✐♥❣ t❤❛t ♥❛t✉r❛❧
❝♦✉rs❡ ♦❢ ❡✈❡♥ts✳

♠❡♥✑✱ ♦❢ s❤❛r✐♥❣ t❤❡ s♣♦✐❧s ♦❢ ✇❛r ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ❝♦♠♠✉♥✐t② ✐♥st❡❛❞ ♦❢ ❤♦❛r❞✐♥❣
❛♥❞ ❛❝❝✉♠✉❧❛t✐♥❣ ✇❡❛❧t❤✱ ✐s ♣r❡s❡♥t❡❞ ✐♥ ❬P❛❧✐❤❛✇❛❞❛♥❛✱ ✶✾✾✻❪✳
✷✶ t❤✐s ❝♦rr❡s♣♦♥❞s ✇❡❧❧ t♦ ♦♥❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ tr❛❞✐t✐♦♥❛❧ ❡t②♠♦❧♦❣✐❡s ♦❢ t❤❡ ✇♦r❞
Indra ❛s ❢♦r♠❡❞ ❜② t❤❡ r♦♦t indh ✭◆✐r✳✶✵✳✽✮ ✏t♦ ✐❣♥✐t❡✑ ❛♥❞ s✉✣① ✲r❛ ✏t♦
❢❛❝✐❧✐t❛t❡ ❛❝t✐♦♥ ❞❡♥♦t❡❞ ❜② ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✑
✷✷ ❧✐❦❡ s❧♦✇ ✐♥❤❛❧❛t✐♦♥ ❛♥❞ ❢❛st ❡①❤❛❧❛t✐♦♥
✶✷ ❙②♠❜♦❧s

❈♦♥❝❡♣ts ❛♥❞ ❙②♠❜♦❧s

❍❡r❡ ✐s t❤❡ ❧✐st ♦❢ s♣❡❝✐❛❧ t❡r♠s ❛♥❞ s②♠❜♦❧✐❝ ♠❡❛♥✐♥❣s✳ ■♥ ♠❛♥②
❝❛s❡s t❤❡② ❛r❡ st✐❧❧ ♣r♦✈✐s✐♦♥❛❧✳

t❤❡ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r vā´ja ✖ ❧❛st✐♥❣ ❤✐❣❤ ❧❡✈❡❧ ♦❢ ❡♥❡r❣② ✐♥ ♠❛❥♦r

♠✉s❝❧❡s ♠❛❦✐♥❣ t❤❡♠ r❡❛❞② ❢♦r q✉✐❝❦ ❛♥❞ str♦♥❣ ❛❝✲
t✐♦♥❀ ✐t ✐s ✇❤❛t ❛t❤❧❡t❡s ❝❛❧❧ ✏t❤❡ s❡❝♦♥❞ ❜r❡❛t❤✑✱ ❜✉t
✇✐t❤♦✉t ♣r❡❝❡❞✐♥❣ ✐t ❡①❡rt✐♦♥❀

❢r❡♥③② ójas ✖ ❤✐❣❤ ❧❡✈❡❧ ♦❢ ♠♦st❧② ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❡♥❡r❣② t❤❛t ❡①♣r❡ss❡s

✐ts❡❧❢ ❛s ❡①tr❡♠❡ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱ ♦r ❛ ❢r❡♥③②❀

✏t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡✑ ráı✱ rayı́ ❛♥❞ s♦♠❡t✐♠❡s vásu ✖ ♠✉❝❤ ❤✐❣❤❡r t❤❡♥
✉s✉❛❧ ❧❡✈❡❧ ♦❢ ❛❞r❡♥❛❧✐♥❡ ✐♥ t❤❡ ❜❧♦♦❞❀ ✐t s♦♠❡t✐♠❡s ❧❡❛❞s
t♦ s❡❡✐♥❣ ♦❜❥❡❝ts ❛s ✐❢ s✉rr♦✉♥❞❡❞ ❜② ❜r✐❧❧✐❛♥t ❣❧♦✇ ❛t
❡❞❣❡s ❛♥❞ ❜♦✉♥❞❛r✐❡s✱ ❛♥❞ t❤❡r❡❢♦r❡ ✐s s♦♠❡t✐♠❡s ❝❤❛r✲
❛❝t❡r✐③❡❞ ❛s ✏❛❜♦✉♥❞✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❣♦❧❞✑✳

svàr ✖ ❛♥ ✉♥❛tt❛❝❤❡❞ st❛t❡ ♦❢ ♠✐♥❞✱ ♥♦t✲❜❡✐♥❣✲❡♥t✐r❡❧②✲❞r✐✈❡♥

❜② s❡♥s❡s ❛♥❞ ❢❡❡❧✐♥❣s✱ ❡q✉❛♥✐♠✐t②✱ ❡❛s❡ ♦❢ ❛r✐s✐♥❣✱ ❛✐r✐✲
♥❡ss ♦r ✢✉✐❞✐t② ♦❢ t❤❡ ♠✐♥❞✱ ❛ ❝❧❡❛r ❝❛❧♠ ✐♥s✐❞❡ t❤❡ ❡②❡
♦❢ ❛ ❝②❝❧♦♥❡❀

vásu ✖ ❛ ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧ t❤✐♥❣❀ ❜❡♥❡✜ts✱ ♣❛rt✐❝✉❧❛r❧② t❤♦s❡ ❣r❛♥t❡❞

❜② Indra ✖ t❤❡ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱ ✏t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡✑✱ svàr✱
❝♦✉r❛❣❡✱ ❞❡✜❛♥❝❡ ♦❢ ♦❞❞s✱ ❛✉t❤♦r✐t②✱ ♣❤②s✐❝❛❧ ❛♥❞ ♠❡♥✲
t❛❧ str❡♥❣t❤✱ ✐♥❝r❡❛s❡❞ r❛t❡ ♦❢ ❤❡❛❧✐♥❣✱ ❡t❝✳ ❖❝❝❛s✐♦♥❛❧❧②
✐t r❡❢❡rs t♦ ♠❛t❡r✐❛❧ ✇❡❛❧t❤ ❧✐❦❡ ❝♦✇s✱ ❤♦rs❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❣♦❧❞❀

❚❤❡ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱ ✏t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡✑✱ svàr ❛♥❞ ♦t❤❡r vasu✲s ❛r❡ ✇❤❛t
Indra ❛❞❡♣ts ❛r❡ ❛❢t❡r✱ ❦♥♦✇✐♥❣ t❤❛t ♠❛t❡r✐❛❧ ❣♦♦❞s
♦❢t❡♥ ❢♦❧❧♦✇ t❤❡s❡❀

vájra ✖ ✏t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✑❀ ■t ✐s ❛♥ ❡①tr❡♠❡ ❝♦♥❝❡♥tr❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❡♥❡r✲

❣✐❡s ♦❢ t❤❡ ❜♦❞② ❛♥❞ ♦❢ t❤❡ ♠✐♥❞✱ ✐♥ t❤❡ man.ipūra✱ ✐♥
t❤❡ ❤❡❛rt ♦r ✐♥ ♦t❤❡r ❝❛❦r❛s✱ s✉❝❤ t❤❛t t❤❡② ❛r❡ r❡❛❞②
t♦ ❜❡ r❡❧❡❛s❡❞ ✐♥ ❛♥ ✐♥st❛♥t✱ r❡s✉❧t✐♥❣ ❡✐t❤❡r ✐♥ ❛ ♣♦✇✲
❡r❢✉❧ str✐❦❡✱ ✐♥ ❞✐ss♦❧✈✐♥❣ ❜♦✉♥❞❛r✐❡s ♦❢ ✏■✑✱ ✐♥ ❛ ✢❛s❤ ♦❢
✐♥s✐❣❤t✱ ❡t❝✳ ❆❞❡♣ts ♦❢ Indra ❛r❡ tr❛✐♥❡❞ t♦ ❝♦♥tr♦❧ s✉❝❤
❝♦♥❝❡♥tr❛t✐♦♥ ❛♥❞ r❡❧❡❛s❡ ♦❢ ❡♥❡r❣✐❡s❀

śávas ✖ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱ ❛♥ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡ t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡❀ r❛❞✐❝❛❧ tr❛♥s✲

❢♦r♠❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ♦♥❡✬s ♣❡rs♦♥❛❧✐t② ❞✉r✐♥❣ tr❛♥s✐t✐♦♥ ✐♥t♦ t❤❡
❙②♠❜♦❧s ✶✸

st❛t❡ ♦❢ Indra✱ ✐♥ ❝♦♥s❡q✉❡♥❝❡ ♦❢ ✇❤✐❝❤ ♦♥❡ ❝♦✉❧❞ st❛rt

♣❡r❝❡✐✈✐♥❣ ❤✐♠s❡❧❢✱ ❢♦r ❡①❛♠♣❧❡✱ ❛s ❜❡✐♥❣ ❛ ✇♦❧❢✱ ❛ ❜❡❛r✱
❡t❝✳

śivá ✖ ✐♥ t❤❡ ✐♥♥❡r s❡♥s❡ ✐t ♠❡❛♥s ✏❞❡str♦②✐♥❣ r❡❛❝t✐✈❡ ✐♠♣✉❧✲

s✐✈❡♥❡ss✑✱ ✏❜❧❡ss✐♥❣✲✇✐t❤✲❞❡t❛❝❤♠❡♥t✑❀ ✐t ✐s t❤❛t s♦♠❡✲
t❤✐♥❣ t❤❛t ❝❛✉s❡s tr❛♥s✐t✐♦♥ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ❝❤❛♦s ♦❢ str❡ss
❛♥❞ ❡❧❡✈❛t❡❞ ❛❞r❡♥❛❧✐♥❡ ✐♥t♦ svàr❀ ✐♥ ❧❛t❡r ♣❤✐❧♦s♦♣❤②
t❤✐s ❝♦♥❝❡♣t ✇❛s ❞❡✈❡❧♦♣❡❞ ✐♥t♦ deva Śivá❀
bráhman ✖ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥✱ s❛❝r❡❞ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛❀ ✐t ❞❡♥♦t❡s ❛ ❝♦♠♣❧❡① ❛♥❞✱
❧✐❦❡❧②✱ ❛ ❤✐❣❤❧② ✐♥❞✐✈✐❞✉❛❧✐③❡❞ s❝r✐♣t ❝♦♥s✐st✐♥❣ ♦❢ r❡❝✐t✲
✐♥❣ ✈❡r❜❛❧ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s✱ ❝❤❛♥t✐♥❣✱ ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥s✱ r❡❝✲
♦❧❧❡❝t✐♦♥s✱ ❝♦♥t❡♠♣❧❛t✐♦♥s✱ s♣❡❝✐❛❧ ❜r❡❛t❤✐♥❣✱ ♣❤②s✐❝❛❧
❛❝t✐♦♥s✱ ❛♥❞ ❝♦♥s✉♠♣t✐♦♥ ♦❢ s✉❜st❛♥❝❡s✱ ♣❛rt✐❝✉❧❛r❧②
Soma✱ t❤❛t ✐s ❞❡s✐❣♥❡❞ t♦ ❧❡❛❞ ❛ ♣❡rs♦♥ ✐♥t♦ ❛ ❞❡s✐r❡❞
st❛t❡ ♦❢ ♠✐♥❞✴❜♦❞②✳ ■♥ ❝❛s❡ ♦❢ Indra✱ ❛ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥
❧❡❛❞s ❛ ♣❡rs♦♥ t♦ str❡ss✱ t❤❡♥ t♦ ❡❧❡✈❛t❡❞ st❛t❡ ♦❢ ❡♥✲
❡r❣②✱ t❤❡♥ t♦ ❛ r❛✐s❡❞ ❧❡✈❡❧ ♦❢ ❛❞r❡♥❛❧✐♥❡ ✐♥ t❤❡ ❜❧♦♦❞✱
t❤❡♥ t♦ ❛ ❜✉rst ♦❢ ❛❞r❡♥❛❧✐♥❡ ❛♥❞ ❡♥❡r❣② t❤r♦✉❣❤♦✉t t❤❡
❜♦❞②✱ s♦♠❡t✐♠❡s t♦ ❛ tr❛♥s✐t✐♦♥ ✐♥t♦ ♦t❤❡r ✏♣❡rs♦♥❛✑
♦r ❞✐ss♦❧✉t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ✏■✑✱ ❛♥❞ t❤❡♥ ✐♥t♦ svàr✱ ✇❤✐❧❡ ❛✈♦✐❞✐♥❣
♠✉❧t✐♣❧❡ ❞❛♥❣❡rs ✐♥❤❡r❡♥t ✐♥ t❤❡ ♣r♦❝❡ss✳ ❆ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥
♦r s❝r✐♣t ♠✐❣❤t ❜❡ ❡✛❡❝t✐✈❡ ❢♦r ♠♦r❡ t❤❛♥ ♦♥❡ ♣❡rs♦♥✱
❜✉t t❤❡r❡ ✐s ❡✈❡r✲♣r❡s❡♥t ❡♠♣❤❛s✐s ✐♥ ❤②♠♥s ♦❢ ❘❱ ♦♥
✏❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❝r❡❛t❡❞ ❛ ♥❡✇ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥✑ t❤❛t r❡✢❡❝ts ✐♥❞✐✲
✈✐❞✉❛❧ ❞✐✛❡r❡♥❝❡s ❜❡t✇❡❡♥ Indra ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡rs❀

Tvas..t.r ✖ ❝r❡❛t♦r✱ ♦r s❤❛♣❡r✱ ♦❢ ❞✐st✐♥❝t st❛t❡s ♦❢ ♠✐♥❞✴❜♦❞②✳

Tvas..t.r ♠✐❣❤t ❜❡ t❤♦✉❣❤t ♦❢ ❛s st♦r❡❞ ✐♥ ♦♥❡✬s ❜♦❞②✴❜r❛✐♥
♣r❡❞✐s♣♦s✐t✐♦♥s✴s❝r✐♣ts t❤❛t ❞✐r❡❝t tr❛♥s❢♦r♠❛t✐♦♥s ♦❢
♠✐♥❞✴❜♦❞② ✐♥t♦ ✈❛r✐♦✉s ❝♦♥✜❣✉r❛t✐♦♥s✱ ❢♦r ❡①❛♠♣❧❡✱
tr❛♥s✐t✐♦♥ ❢r♦♠ ❜❡✐♥❣ ❛t r❡st t♦ ❛ ♣❛rt✐❝✉❧❛r ✜❣❤t✲♦r✲
✢✐❣❤t r❡s♣♦♥s❡✳ ❆t ✐ts ❡①tr❡♠❡ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❛t✐♦♥s✱ ✐t ❝♦♥✲
tr♦❧s tr❛♥s❢♦r♠❛t✐♦♥s ❜❡t✇❡❡♥ ❤✉♠❛♥ ♣❡rs♦♥❛ ❛♥❞ ❛♥✐✲
♠❛❧ ♣❡rs♦♥❛ ✭❧✐❦❡ ❛ ✇♦❧❢✱ ❛ ❜❡❛r✱ ❛ ❢♦①✱ ❡t❝✳✮ ♦❢ ❛ ✇❛rr✐♦r❀

❜✉❧❧ vŕ..san ✖ ✐t st❛♥❞s ❢♦r s♦♠❡t❤✐♥❣ ♦r s♦♠❡♦♥❡ ♠✐❣❤t②✱ ♦✈❡r✲

♣♦✇❡r✐♥❣✱ ❢♦r❝❡❢✉❧✱ ❜❡✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❝❤❛r❣❡✱ ✐♥✲❝♦♥tr♦❧✱ ❜❡❛r✐♥❣
str♦♥❣ s✇❛②✱ ✐♠♣r❡❣♥❛t✐♥❣❀

✇❛t❡rs āpas ✖ ✐♥ t❤❡ ❡①t❡r♥❛❧ s❡♥s❡ ✐t ♠❡❛♥s ♣❤②s✐❝❛❧ ✇❛t❡rs

❧✐❦❡ t❤♦s❡ ♦❢ r❛✐♥✱ ♦❢ r✐✈❡rs✱ ♦❢ ❧❛❦❡s✳ ■♥ t❤❡ ✐♥✲
t❡r♥❛❧ s❡♥s❡ ✐t ♠❡❛♥s ✏✐♥♥❡r ✇❛t❡rs✑ r❡❢❡rr✐♥❣ t♦ t❤❡
✶✹ ❙②♠❜♦❧s

♣s②❝❤♦✲♣❤②s✐♦❧♦❣✐❝❛❧ ❜❛❝❦❣r♦✉♥❞ ♦❢ ♣s②❝❤♦❧♦❣✐❝❛❧ ♣r♦✲

❝❡ss❡s t❤❛t ❤❛s ❛s ❛ s✐❣♥✐✜❝❛♥t ❝♦♠♣♦♥❡♥t ✈❛r✐♦✉s ❡①✲
♣r❡ss✐♦♥s ♦❢ ❤♦r♠♦♥❡s ❛♥❞ ♦t❤❡r ❧♦♥❣✲❧❛st✐♥❣ ♣s②❝❤♦❛❝✲
t✐✈❡ s✉❜st❛♥❝❡s ✐♥ t❤❡ ❜♦❞②❀

❝❤❛r✐♦t rátha ✖ ✐♥ t❤❡ ✐♥♥❡r s❡♥s❡ ✐t ♠❡❛♥s t❤❛t ✇❤✐❝❤ ❝♦♥t❛✐♥s

❛♥❞ ❜r✐♥❣s s♦♠❡t❤✐♥❣ t♦ ♠✐♥❞❀ ✐♥ ♣❛rt✐❝✉❧❛r✱ ✐t ♠❡❛♥s ❛
cakra ✭❛s ✉♥❞❡rst♦♦❞ ✐♥ tantra✲s✱ ❛♥❞ ♦❢ ✇❤✐❝❤ t❤❡r❡ ❛r❡
s❡✈❡♥ ♠❛❥♦r ♦♥❡s✮ ❝♦♥♥❡❝t❡❞ ✇✐t❤ ❡♥❡r❣② ✢♦✇s t❤r♦✉❣❤
s♣✐♥❡✳ ■♥ ❛ ♠♦r❡ ❡①t❡r♥❛❧ s❡♥s❡ ✐t ✐s t❤❡ ❜♦❞② ❛♥❞ ♠✐♥❞
♦❢ Indra ❛❞❡♣t ✇❤❡♥ t❤❡ ❛❞❡♣t ✐s ♣♦ss❡ss❡❞ ❜② Indra ❛♥❞
❜❡❝♦♠❡s ❛ ✈❡❤✐❝❧❡ ❢♦r ❤✐s ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥✳ ■♥ ♣✉r❡❧② ❡①t❡r♥❛❧
s❡♥s❡ ✐t ♠❡❛♥s ❛ ✇❛r✲❝❤❛r✐♦t❀

❝♦✇ gó ✖ s②♠❜♦❧✐❝❛❧❧② ✐t ♠❡❛♥s ❛ s❡❧❢✲r❡♣❧❡♥✐s❤✐♥❣ s♦✉r❝❡ ♦❢ s♦♠❡✲

t❤✐♥❣ ♥♦✉r✐s❤✐♥❣✱ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥✐♥❣✱ ✐♥✈✐❣♦r❛t✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♠✐♥❞
❛♥❞✴♦r ❜♦❞② t❤❛t ✐s ❝❛❧❧❡❞ ✏♠✐❧❦✑✳ ■♥ t❤❡ ❞♦♠❛✐♥ ♦❢ ❧❛♥✲
❣✉❛❣❡✱ ✏❛ ❝♦✇✑ ♠✐❣❤t ♠❡❛♥ ❛ s✐♥❣❧❡ ✇♦r❞✱ ♣❛rt✐❝✉❧❛r❧②
❛ t❤❡♠❛t✐❝✱ ❝♦♥t❡♠♣❧❛t✐♦♥✲❞❡✜♥✐♥❣ ✇♦r❞✱ ♦r ✐t ♠✐❣❤t
❜❡ ❛♥ ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ✈❡r❜❛❧ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥✳ ❘❡❧❛t❡❞ t♦ Indra
❛r❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s t❤❛t ❡✈♦❦❡ ❞❡✜❛♥❝❡✱ ❝♦✉r❛❣❡✱ ♠❡♥t❛❧
str❡♥❣t❤✱ ❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s♥❡ss✱ ✐♥s♣✐r❡ t♦ ♣❡r❢♦r♠ ❤❡r♦✐❝ ❞❡❡❞s✳
❚❤❡ ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ♣♦✇❡r ♦❢ s✉❝❤ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥ ✐s ♥♦t ♦♥❧② ✐♥
t❤❡ ♠❡❛♥✐♥❣ ♦❢ ✇♦r❞s ✉s❡❞✱ ❜✉t ❛❧s♦ ✐♥ t❤❡ ❛rt✐❝✉❧❛t✐♦♥
♦❢ t❤❡♠✳ ❆♥ ✐♠♣♦rt❛♥t ❢♦r Marut✬s r❡❛❧♠ ♥♦♥✲✈❡r❜❛❧
✏❝♦✇✑ ✐s Pr.śni✳ ■♥ ❛ ❝♦♥t❡①t ♦❢ ❜♦❞②✴♠✐♥❞✱ ✐t ♠✐❣❤t
r❡❢❡r t♦ ✐♥♥❡r ✇❛t❡rs ♦r t❤❡✐r s♦✉r❝❡❀

❤♦rs❡ áśva ✖ ✐♥ t❤❡ ✐♥♥❡r s❡♥s❡ ✐t ♠❡❛♥s s♦♠❡t✐♠❡s ✏❛ r❤②t❤♠✑✱

s♦♠❡t✐♠❡s ❛ ❝❤❛r❣❡ ♦❢ ❡♥❡r❣② ✇❤✐❝❤ ♠✐❣❤t ❜❡ ♣❤②s✐❝❛❧
❛s ✇❡❧❧ ❛s ♠❡♥t❛❧❀ ✐t ❝♦✉❧❞ ❛❧s♦ ♠❡❛♥ ♣✉❧s❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❜❧♦♦❞
t❤r♦✉❣❤♦✉t t❤❡ ❜♦❞②❀

❤❛✇❦ śyená ✐♥ t❤❡ ✐♥♥❡r s❡♥s❡ ✐t ♠❡❛♥s t❤❛t ✇❤✐❝❤ ♠❛❦❡ t❤❡ ♠✐♥❞
s♦❛r t♦ t❤❡ t❤✐r❞ ❢♦♦t♣r✐♥t ♦❢ Vis.n.u✱ ♦r✱ t❤❡ ♠✐♥❞ ✐ts❡❧❢
✐♥ t❤❛t ❢♦♦t♣r✐♥t❀

❣❤❡❡ ghr.tá ✖ ✈❛r✐♦✉s t❤✐♥❣s t❤❛t ❣✐✈❡ ❛ ♠♦♠❡♥t❛r② ❜♦♦st t♦ ❡♥✲

❡r❣② ♦❢ s♦♠❡ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❛t✐♦♥ ❧✐❦❡ r❡❛❧ ❣❤❡❡ ♣✉t ✐♥t♦ ❛ ✜r❡
♠❛❦❡s ✐t ❜r✐❣❤t❡r ❛♥❞ str♦♥❣❡r ✐❢ ♦♥❧② ❢♦r ❛ ♠♦♠❡♥t❀ ✐♥
t❤❡ ✐♥♥❡r s❡♥s❡ ✐t ✐s ❛❧s♦ ❛ s②♠❜♦❧ ♦❢ tr❛♥s♠✉t❛❜✐❧✐t② ✖
♣❤②s✐❝❛❧ ❣❤❡❡ ❡❛s✐❧② ❣♦❡s ❢r♦♠ s♦❧✐❞ st❛t❡ ✭✇❤❡♥ ❝♦❧❞✮
t♦ ❧✐q✉✐❞ ✭✇❤❡♥ ❤❡❛t❡❞✮ t♦ ✢❛♠❡s ✭✇❤❡♥ ❜✉r♥s✮ ✇✐t❤♦✉t
❙②♠❜♦❧s ✶✺

❛♥② r❡s✐❞✉❡❀ ✐t ✐s ❛❧s♦ ❛ s②♠❜♦❧ ♦❢ ❝❧❡❛r ✉♥❞❡rst❛♥❞✐♥❣

t❤❛t ❢♦❝✉s❡s ❛♥❞ ❢❡❡❞s t❤❡ ✐♥♥❡r ✜r❡✳

✖✖

Agnı́ ✖ t❤❡ ❋✐r❡❀ ✐t ✐s t❤❛t ✇❤✐❝❤ ❝♦♥✈❡rts ♠❛t❡r✐❛❧ ✐♥t♦ ✐♠♠❛✲

t❡r✐❛❧✱ ♦r❞✐♥❛r② ❢♦♦❞ ✐♥t♦ ❧✐❢❡✲❢♦r❝❡✱ ✇♦♦❞ ✐♥t♦ ❧✐❣❤t ❛♥❞
✇❛r♠t❤✱ ♣❤②s✐❝❛❧ ✐♥t♦ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ✭✐♥ ✇❤✐❝❤ ❝❛s❡ ✐t ✐s ❝❛❧❧❡❞
Bhŕ.gu✮❀ ✐t ❞❡t❛❝❤❡s t❤❡ ♠✐♥❞ ❢r♦♠ ❝❧✐♥❣✐♥❣ t♦ t❤❡ ✇♦r❧❞
♦✉ts✐❞❡ ✭✐♥ ✇❤✐❝❤ ❝❛s❡ ✐t ✐s ❝❛❧❧❡❞ Manú✮✱ ❡♥❣❡♥❞❡rs
❛♥❞ ♠❛✐♥t❛✐♥s ❛s♣✐r❛t✐♦♥s✱ ❞r❡❛♠s ❛♥❞ ♠❛✐♥t❛✐♥s ❛♥❞
r❡♠✐♥❞s ♦❢ ♦r✐❣✐♥❛❧ ✐♥t❡♥t✐♦♥s ❛♥❞ ✈✐s✐♦♥s ❜❡❤✐♥❞ ❛ ❧♦♥❣✲
✇✐♥❞❡❞ q✉❡st ❞❡s♣✐t❡ ✐♥❞✉❝❡❞ ❜② ❝✐r❝✉♠st❛♥❝❡s ❞✐str❛❝✲
t✐♦♥s✱ ❞❡♣r✐✈❛t✐♦♥s✱ ❝♦♥❢✉s✐♦♥s ❛♥❞ ❡rr♦rs ✭✐♥ ✇❤✐❝❤ ❝❛s❡
✐t ✐s ❝❛❧❧❡❞ áṅgiras✮✳

áṅgiras ✖ s♦♠❡♦♥❡ ♦r s♦♠❡t❤✐♥❣ ❧✐❦❡ ❛ s♣❛r❦ t❤❛t ✐❣♥✐t❡s ✐♥♥❡r

✜r❡ ✐♥ ❤✉♠❛♥s ❡✐t❤❡r ✉s✐♥❣ ❜♦❞②✬s ♥❛t✉r❛❧ r❡❛❝t✐♦♥s ♦r
❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ r♦✉s✐♥❣ s♣❡❡❝❤❡s ❛♥❞✴♦r ❤❡❛✈❡♥❧② s♦♥❣s✳
■♥ t❤❡ ❝♦♥t❡①t ♦❢ ✐♥❞✐✈✐❞✉❛❧✬s ❜♦❞②✱ áṅgiras✲❡s ❛r❡ ❜✐❣
♠✉s❝❧❡s ✖ t❤❡✐r ❛❝t✐♦♥ r❛✐s❡s t❤❡ ❧❡✈❡❧ ♦❢ ❛❞r❡♥❛❧✐♥❡ ✐♥
❜❧♦♦❞ ❛♥❞ ✇❛r♠s t❤❡ ❜♦❞②✳

❚❤r❡❡ Āditya✲s ✖ Mitrá✱ Várun.a✱ ❛♥❞ Aryamán r❡♣r❡s❡♥t ✐♠♣✉❧✲

s✐♦♥s ✐♥ ♦♥❡✬s ♣s②❝❤❡ t❤❛t ❛r❡ r❡❧❛t❡❞ t♦ s♦❝✐❛❧ ✐♥t❡r❛❝✲
t✐♦♥s✳ Indra ✐s ❝❛❧❧❡❞ t❤❡ ❢♦rt❤ Āditya✷✸

❜❡✐♥❣ ❛ ♣❛tr♦♥✱ ❛ ❜❡♥❡❢❛❝t♦r ✖ Mitrá ✖ ✐s t❤❛t ✇❤✐❝❤ ❣✐✈❡s r✐s❡

t♦ ❛❝t✐✈❡ ❣♦♦❞✇✐❧❧✱ ❛♠✐t② t♦✇❛r❞s ♦t❤❡r ❤✉♠❛♥s❀

❢❡❡❧✐♥❣ ❛♥ ♦❜❧✐❣❛t✐♦♥✱ ❛ ❞✉t② ✖ Várun.a ✖ ✐s t❤❛t ✇❤✐❝❤ ❣✐✈❡s r✐s❡

t♦ r❡❝✐♣r♦❝❛❧ ♦❜❧✐❣❛t✐♦♥s ❜❡t✇❡❡♥ ♠❡♥✳ ❍❡ ✐s ❝❛❧❧❡❞ ❛
✏❥♦✐♥t r✉❧❡r✑ s✐♥❝❡ ❤❡ ❝♦♦r❞✐♥❛t❡s ❜❡❤❛✈✐♦r ♦❢ s❡✈❡r❛❧ ✐♥✲
❞✐✈✐❞✉❛❧s✳ Varun.a ❜❛❧❛♥❝❡s ✉❧t✐♠❛t❡ ✐♥❞✐✈✐❞✉❛❧✐t② ♦❢ ❛
✇❛rr✐♦r ♣♦ss❡ss❡❞ ❜② Indra ✇✐t❤ ❜❡♥❡✜ts ♦❢ ❝♦♦♣❡r❛t✐♦♥
❛♥❞ ♠✉t✉❛❧ ♦❜❧✐❣❛t✐♦♥s ❜❡t✇❡❡♥ ❦✐♥✱ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s✱ ❛♥❞
❛❧❧✐❡s ❞✉r✐♥❣ ❜❛tt❧❡s ❛♥❞ ❛❢t❡r t❤❡♠❀

❤❡ ✇❤♦ ✉r❣❡s t♦ s❡tt❧❡s ❞✐s♣✉t❡s✱ t♦ ♥❡❣♦t✐❛t❡ ✖ Aryamán ✖ ✐s t❤❛t

✇❤✐❝❤ ❣✐✈❡s r✐s❡ t♦ ♥❡❣♦t✐❛t✐♦♥s✱ t♦ ❛tt❡♠♣ts t♦ s♦❧✈❡ ❛
❝♦♥✢✐❝t ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❛ ♠✉t✉❛❧❧② ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧ ❛❣r❡❡♠❡♥t❀

✖✖

✷✸ ✽✳✺✷✳✼❝
✶✻ ❙②♠❜♦❧s

✏❉❡♠♦♥s✑ Indra ✜❣❤ts ❛♥❞ ❞❡❢❡❛ts ❛r❡ ♠❛♥②✱ ❜✉t ♠♦st ❛r❡ ❞✐✣✲
❝✉❧t t♦ ❝❤❛r❛❝t❡r✐③❡✳ ❋♦❧❧♦✇✐♥❣ ❛r❡ s♦♠❡ ♦❢ t❤♦s❡ ❛❜♦✉t
✇❤✐❝❤ ❛ ❣✉❡ss ❝❛♥ ❜❡ ✈❡♥t✉r❡❞ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ❘❱✳

Vr.tra ✖ ✏❈♦♥❝❡❛❧❡r ♦r ❲✐t❤❤♦❧❞❡r✑ ♦❢ ♣❡rs♦♥✬s ♣♦✇❡rs✳ ■t ✐s t❤❡

♠❛✐♥ ♦♣♣♦♥❡♥t ♦❢ Índra✳ ■ts ♠❛✐♥ ❢✉♥❝t✐♦♥ ✐s t♦ ❜❧♦❝❦

✏t❤❡ ✇❛t❡rs✑✱ t❤❛t ✐s✱ t♦ ❜❧♦❝❦ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❤♦r♠♦♥❡s✱
❛♥❞ ♣❤②s✐♦❧♦❣✐❝❛❧ ❝❤❛♥❣❡s ❛♥❞ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❛tt✐t✉❞❡s t❤❛t
❛r❡ ❝r✉❝✐❛❧ ❢♦r ❡♥t❡r✐♥❣ t❤❡ st❛t❡ ♦❢ Índra✳ ❙♦♠❡t✐♠❡s
Vr.tra✲s st❛♥❞ ❢♦r ♣❛rt✐❛❧❧② ✐♥✲❜♦r♥✱ ♣❛rt✐❛❧❧② ❧❡❛r♥❡❞
s❡❧❢✲♣r❡s❡r✈❛t✐♦♥ r❡❛❝t✐♦♥s r❡❧❛t❡❞ t♦ ❜♦t❤ ♦♥❡✬s ♣❤②s✲
✐❝❛❧ ❜♦❞② ❛♥❞ t♦ t❤❡ ❝♦♥str✉❝t ♦❢ ✏s❡❧❢ ✑
✷✹ ✱ ♦t❤❡r t✐♠❡s
t❤❡② ❞❡♥♦t❡ ❛ ❞❡♣r❡ss✐♥❣ ❛♥①✐❡t②✱ ♦r ♠❡♥t❛❧ ♦❜s❝✉r❛✲
t✐♦♥s✳

Śus.n.a ✖ t❤❡ ✏❞r②✐♥❣ ♦♥❡✑❀ ❤❡ ✐s ❛ ❞❡♠♦♥ ✇❤♦ s❛♣s ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❛♥❞

❜♦❞✐❧② ❡♥❡r❣②✱ ❜✉t r❡♠❛✐♥s ♠♦st❧② ✐♥ t❤❡ ❞❛r❦ ✭❂ ✐♥
t❤❡ s✉❜❝♦♥s❝✐♦✉s♥❡ss✮✳ ❍❡ ✐s ✇❤❛t ❝❛✉s❡s ❛ r❡s✐st❛♥❝❡
t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱ ❛♥ ❛❝t✐✈❡ ❞❡❢❡♥❝❡ ♦❢ ❡st❛❜❧✐s❤❡❞ r♦✉t✐♥❡s✱ ♣r✐✲
♦r✐t✐❡s✱ ✈❛❧✉❡s✱ ♦r ♠♦r❡s❀ ❤❡ ✐s ❛ ♣❡rs♦♥✐✜❝❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ t❤❡
str✐✈✐♥❣ t♦ ♣r❡s❡r✈❡ t❤❡ st❛t✉s q✉♦✳

Śambara ✖ ❛ ✇❛❧❧ ♦❢ r❛t✐♦♥❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥s ❞❡r✐✈❡❞ ❢r♦♠ ❝♦♥❝❡r♥s ❛❜♦✉t

t❤❡ ❢✉t✉r❡ ♦❢ ♦♥❡✬s ❢❛♠✐❧②✱ ♦r ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ❛ss✉♠♣t✐♦♥ t❤❛t
❛ ♥♦❜❧❡ ❛♥❝❡str② ✐s t♦♦ ✐♠♣♦rt❛♥t❀

Svarbhānu ✖ t❤❛t ✇❤✐❝❤ ❡✛❡❝ts ❡①tr❡♠❡ ✇❡❛❦♥❡ss✱ ✐♥❞✐✛❡r❡♥❝❡✱

✐rr✐t❛❜✐❧✐t②✱ ❡♠♦t✐♦♥❛❧ ❢r❛✐❧t②✱ ❛♣❛t❤②✱ ❛♥①✐❡t② ♦r ❡✈❡♥
❞❡♣r❡ss✐♦♥ ♣♦st Indra st❛t❡✳ ■t ✐s ♣❡rs♦♥✐✜❡❞ ❛s ♦♥❡ ♦❢
asura✲s✱ ♦r s♣✐r✐t✉❛❧ ❣✉✐❞❡s✱ ✇❤✐❝❤ s❤♦✇s ✐t t♦ ❜❡ ❛ ♥❡❝❡s✲
s❛r② ✏❡✈✐❧✑ t♦ r❡❝♦✈❡r ❢r♦♠ ❡①❡rt✐♦♥s ♦❢ Indra st❛t❡ ✳ ❚❤❡
♥❛♠❡ ♣r♦❜❛❜❧② ♠❡❛♥s ✏❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❛♣♣❡❛r❛♥❝❡ ♦❢ ❡q✉❛✲
♥✐♠✐t②✑✱ ❜✉t ✉♥❧✐❦❡ r❡❛❧ ❡q✉❛♥✐♠✐t② t❤❡ st❛t❡ ❝❛✉s❡❞
❜② Svarbhānu ✐s ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② ❛ ✈❡r② ❧♦✇ ❧❡✈❡❧s ♦❢
t❡st♦st❡r♦♥❡ ❛♥❞ s❡r♦t♦♥✐♥ ✐♥ t❤❡ ❜❧♦♦❞❀

Arbuda ✖ t❤❡ ❢❡❛r ❛r✐s✐♥❣ ❢r♦♠ ❢❛❝✐♥❣ s♦♠❡t❤✐♥❣ ♠✉❝❤ ❜✐❣❣❡r ✐♥

s✐③❡ t❤❛♥ ♦♥❡✬s ♦✇♥ ❜♦❞② ♦r ♠✉❝❤ str♦♥❣❡r ✐♥ s♦♠❡ ✇❛②❀

dasyu ✖ ❛♥ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡ t♦ s✉✛❡r ✇❛♥t ✐s ❛ ✢♦✇ ♦❢ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❡♥❡r❣② tr✐❣✲

❣❡r❡❞ ❜② ❛ r❡s♦❧✈❡ t♦ ♦❜t❛✐♥ s♦♠❡t❤✐♥❣ ♦♥❡ ❧❛❝❦s ❛♥❞ ❛

✷✹ ✏✳✳✳ ♥❛t✉r❛❧ ✐♥❡rt✐❛ ❤❛s ❛ t❡♥❞❡♥❝② t♦ q✉✐❝❦❧② r✉✐♥ t❤❡ ❬✉♥✐t❛r②❪ st❛t❡ ❛♥❞
t❤❡ ❡✛♦rts r❡q✉✐r❡❞ t♦ ♠❛✐♥t❛✐♥ ✐t✑ ❬❙❦❛❧❧❛❣r✐♠ss♦♥✱ ✷✵✶✹✱ ♣✳✶✸✶❪
❙②♠❜♦❧s ✶✼

❝♦♥✈✐❝t✐♦♥ t❤❛t ♦♥❡ ♥❡❡❞s ✐t ♣❡rs♦♥❛❧❧② ✖ t❤✉s ❛♠❛❧✲

❣❛♠❛t✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❝♦♥str✉❝t ♦❢ ✏❙❡❧❢ ✑ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ✐❞❡❛ t❤❛t t❤❡
✏❙❡❧❢ ✑ ✐s ❞✐♠✐♥✐s❤❡❞ ❜② t❤❡ ❛❜s❡♥❝❡ ♦❢ t❤❛t ✏s♦♠❡t❤✐♥❣✑✳

✖✖

❛❜♦❞❡ dhā´man ✖ ❛❜♦❞❡✱ ♦❢ ✇❤✐❝❤ ✐♥ ❘✐❣✈❡❞❛ ❛r❡ ♠❡♥t✐♦♥❡❞ s❡✈❡♥❀

t❤❡s❡ s❡✈❡♥ ❝♦rr❡s♣♦♥❞ t♦ t❤❡ s❡✈❡♥ ❝❛❦r❛s ❛♥❞ ❛r❡
♣❧❛❝❡s ✇❤❡r❡ deva✲s ❛r❡ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❡❞✳ ❚❤❡r❡ ♠✐❣❤t ❜❡
♦t❤❡r ❛❜♦❞❡s ❜❡s✐❞❡s t❤❡s❡ s❡✈❡♥✳

❍❡❛✈❡♥ dyú ♦r dyaus

´ ✖ ✐♥ t❤❡ ❡①t❡r♥❛❧ s❡♥s❡ ♠❡❛♥s t❤❡ s❦②❀ ✐♥
t❤❡ ✐♥♥❡r s❡♥s❡✱ ✐t ♠❡❛♥s ✏t❤❡ r❡❛❧♠ ♦❢ ❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣
♠❡♥t❛❧✑✱ ✏t❤❡ ♣✉r❡ ♠❡♥t❛❧✐t② ✇❤✐❝❤ ✐s s②♠❜♦❧✐③❡❞ ❜②
❉②❛✉s✑ ❬❆✉r♦❜✐♥❞♦✱ ✶✾✾✽✱ ♣✳ ✶✶✽❪

❊❛rt❤ pr.thiv´ı̄ ✖ ✐♥ t❤❡ ❡①t❡r♥❛❧ s❡♥s❡ ♠❡❛♥s ✏t❤❡ ❣r♦✉♥❞✱ t❤❡

❧❛♥❞✑❀ ✐♥ t❤❡ ✐♥♥❡r s❡♥s❡✱ ✐t ♠❡❛♥s ✏♦♥❡✬s ♣❤②s✐❝❛❧ ❜♦❞②❀
♦♥❡✬s ♠❛t❡r✐❛❧ ❡①✐st❡♥❝❡✑❀

❦♥♦tt② ♦r r✉❣❣❡❞ ♦♥❡ párvata ✖ t❤❡ ✢❡s❤ ❛♥❞ ❜♦♥❡s ♦❢ t❤❡ ❜♦❞②
✇✐t❤ ✐ts ❦♥♦tt② ❥♦✐♥ts❀

♠♦✉♥t❛✐♥ girı́ ✖ s②♠❜♦❧✐❝❛❧❧② ✐t st❛♥❞s ❢♦r t❤❡ s❦✉❧❧❀

t❤❡ ✐♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ s♣❛❝❡ antáriks.a ✐♥ t❤❡ ❡①t❡r♥❛❧ s❡♥s❡ ♠❡❛♥s ✏t❤❡

❛✐r ❜❡t✇❡❡♥ t❤❡ s❦② ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ❡❛rt❤✑❀ ✐♥ t❤❡ ✐♥♥❡r s❡♥s❡✱
✐t ♠❡❛♥s ✏♣s②❝❤♦✲♣❤②s✐♦❧♦❣✐❝❛❧ r❡❛❧♠❀ t❤❡ r❡❛❧♠ ♦❢ ✈✐t❛❧
❡♥❡r❣✐❡s ♦r ❛✐rs❀ t❤❛t ✇❤✐❝❤ ♠❡❞✐❛t❡s ❜❡t✇❡❡♥ ♠❡♥t❛❧
❛♥❞ ❜♦❞✐❧② ♣r♦❝❡ss❡s✑✳
✏❉②❛✉s ❛♥❞ Pr✐t❤✐✈✐ r❡♣r❡s❡♥t t❤❡ ♣✉r❡ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ♣❤②s✐✲
❝❛❧ ❝♦♥s❝✐♦✉s♥❡ss❀ ❜❡t✇❡❡♥ t❤❡♠ ✐s t❤❡ ❆♥t❛r✐❦s❤❛✱ t❤❡ ✐♥t❡r✲
♠❡❞✐❛t❡ ♦r ❝♦♥♥❡❝t✐♥❣ ❧❡✈❡❧ ♦❢ t❤❡ ✈✐t❛❧ ♦r ♥❡r✈♦✉s ❝♦♥s❝✐♦✉s✲
♥❡ss✳ ❉②❛✉s ❛♥❞ Pr✐t❤✐✈✐ ❛r❡ ❘♦❞❛s✐✱ ♦✉r t✇♦ ✜r♠❛♠❡♥ts❀
❜✉t t❤❡s❡ ❤❛✈❡ t♦ ❜❡ ♦✈❡r♣❛ss❡❞✱ ❢♦r t❤❡♥ ✇❡ ✜♥❞ ❛❞♠✐ss✐♦♥
t♦ ❛♥♦t❤❡r ❤❡❛✈❡♥ t❤❛♥ t❤❛t ♦❢ t❤❡ ♣✉r❡ ♠✐♥❞ ✖ t♦ t❤❡ ✇✐❞❡✱
t❤❡ ❱❛st ✇❤✐❝❤ ✐s t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s✱ t❤❡ ❢♦✉♥❞❛t✐♦♥ ✭budhna✮ ♦❢ t❤❡
✐♥✜♥✐t❡ ❝♦♥s❝✐♦✉s♥❡ss✱ ❆❞✐t✐✳✑ ❬❆✉r♦❜✐♥❞♦✱ ✶✾✾✽✱ ♣✳ ✶✶✽❪

Ródası̄ ✖ ❞✉❛❧✱ ❣✐✈❡♥ ✐♥ tr❛♥s❧❛t✐♦♥s ❤❡r❡ ❛s ✏ Rodas✲❡s✑✱ t❤❛t ❞❡✲

♥♦t❡s t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤ ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ✐♥ t❤❡✐r ✐♥♥❡r s❡♥s❡s❀

r❛✐♥ vr..s.tı́ ✖ ✐♥ t❤❡ ❡①t❡r♥❛❧ s❡♥s❡ ♠❡❛♥s ✏❝♦♥t✐♥✉♦✉s ❞❡s❝❡♥t ♦❢

s♦♠❡t❤✐♥❣ ✭❧✐❦❡ st♦♥❡s✮❀ s✇❡❛t✐♥❣✑❀ ✐♥ t❤❡ ✐♥♥❡r s❡♥s❡✱
✐t ♠❡❛♥s ✏❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥ ✐♥ t❤❡ ❜♦❞② ♦❢ s♦♠❡ s✉❜st❛♥❝❡s
✶✽ ❙②♠❜♦❧s

t❤❛t ❜r✐♥❣ r❡❞✉❝t✐♦♥ ♦❢ str❡ss✱ ❞✐s❛♣♣❡❛r❛♥❝❡ ♦❢ ♣❛✐♥✱

r❡❧✐❡❢ ♦❢ s✉✛❡r✐♥❣✑❀ ✐t ✐s ❧✐❦❡❧② t❤❛t t❤❡s❡ s✉❜st❛♥❝❡s ❛r❡
❡♥❞♦r♣❤✐♥s✱ ❛♥❞ β ✲❡♥❞♦r♣❤✐♥ ✐♥ ♣❛rt✐❝✉❧❛r✳

❧✐❣❤t♥✐♥❣ vidyút ✖ ✐♥ t❤❡ ❡①t❡r♥❛❧ s❡♥s❡ ♠❡❛♥s ✏❧✐❣❤t♥✐♥❣ ♦r ❧✐❣❤t✲

♥✐♥❣ ❜♦❧t✑❀ ✐♥ t❤❡ ✐♥♥❡r s❡♥s❡✱ ✐t ♠❡❛♥s ✏✢❛s❤ ♦❢ ✐♥s✐❣❤t❀
❛ ✈✐s✐♦♥ t❤❛t str✐❦❡s t❤❡ ♠✐♥❞ ✇✐t❤ ❛ ❝❧❡❛r ♣✐❝t✉r❡ t❤❛t
s❤♦✇s ❤♦✇ ❞✐s❝♦♥♥❡❝t❡❞ ❛s♣❡❝ts ♦❢ s♦♠❡t❤✐♥❣ ✜t t♦✲
❣❡t❤❡r t♦ ❢♦r♠ ❛ ✇❤♦❧❡✑✳

s♣❡❛r .r.s.tı́ ✖ ✐♥ t❤❡ ✐♥♥❡r s❡♥s❡✱ ✐t ♠❡❛♥s ✏❛♥ ❛s♣❡❝t t❤❛t t♦✉❝❤❡s
r❛✇ ❡♠♦t✐♦♥s✑✳

♣♦❧❡ dhur ✖ ✐♥ t❤❡ ❡①t❡r♥❛❧ s❡♥s❡ ♦❢t❡♥ ♠❡❛♥s ✏t❤❡ ♣♦❧❡ ♦❢ ❛ ❝❤❛r✲
✐♦t✑❀ ✐♥ t❤❡ ✐♥♥❡r s❡♥s❡✱ ✐t ♠❡❛♥s ✏t❤❡ s♣✐♥❡✑✳

❛ s❤❡❛t❤ kóśa ✖ ✐♥ ✐♥♥❡r s❡♥s❡ ✐t ♠❡❛♥s ✏t❤❡ s✉❜t❧❡ ❜♦❞②✑❀

t❤❡ s♣r✐♥❣✱ t❤❡ ❢♦✉♥t❛✐♥ útsa ✖ ✐♥ t❤❡ ✐♥♥❡r s❡♥s❡ ✐t ♠❡❛♥s ✏t❤❡
st♦r❡ ♦❢ s❡①✉❛❧ ✈✐❣♦✉r✑❀

t❤❡ ❝❛s❦ kavandha ✖ ✐♥ t❤❡ ✐♥♥❡r s❡♥s❡ ✐t ♠❡❛♥s ✏t❤❡ st♦r❡ ♦❢ ❡♥✲
❞♦r♣❤✐♥s✑❀

t❤❡ ✇❡❧❧ udrin ✖ ✐♥ t❤❡ ✐♥♥❡r s❡♥s❡ ✐t ♠❡❛♥s ✏t❤❡ st♦r❡ ♦❢ s✉❣❛rs✲
❜❛s❡ ❡♥❡r❣②✑❀

❛ r✐✈❡r sı́ndhu ✖ ✐♥ t❤❡ ❡①t❡r♥❛❧ s❡♥s❡ ✐t ♠❡❛♥s ❛ r✐✈❡r ♦r ❛ ♣❛rt✐❝✉✲

❧❛r r✐✈❡r ❝❛❧❧❡❞ Sindhu❀ ✐♥ t❤❡ ✐♥t❡r♥❛❧ s❡♥s❡✱ ✐♥ s✐♥❣✉❧❛r
✐t ♠❡❛♥s ✏t❤❡ ✢♦✇ ♦❢ sus.umnā✑❀ ✐♥ ♣❧✉r❛❧ ✐t ♠❡❛♥s ✏✢♦✇s
♦❢ s❡♥s♦r② st✐♠✉❧✐ ♣❧✉s ✢♦✇ ♦❢ st✐♠✉❧✐ ❢r♦♠ ✐♥t❡r♥❛❧ ♦r✲
❣❛♥s ♣❧✉s ✢♦✇ ♦❢ s♣❡❡❝❤❀ ✐t ❝❛♥ ❛❧s♦ ❞❡♥♦t❡ t❤❡ str❡❛♠s
♦❢ ❜❧♦♦❞ ✢♦✇✐♥❣ t❤r♦✉❣❤ t❤❡ ❜♦❞②❀

Rodas´ı̄ ✖ ✐s ❛ s②♠❜♦❧ ♦❢ r✐s✐♥❣ ❑✉♥❞❛❧✐♥✐ t❤❛t ❝r❡❛t❡s ❤❛r♠♦♥②

❜❡t✇❡❡♥ t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤ ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ✭t❤❛t ✐s✱ ❜❡t✇❡❡♥
t❤❡ ♠✐♥❞ ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ❜♦❞②✮❀

❞❛♣♣❧❡❞ ♠❛r❡s pŕ..satı̄h. ✖ ❡♠♦t✐♦♥✲❝❤❛r❣❡❞ ♥✐❣❤t ❞r❡❛♠s❀ ✐♠❛❣❡s

✐♥ s✉❝❤ ❞r❡❛♠s❀

❜❧❛❝❦ ❛♥t❡❧♦♣❡s étāh. ✖ ✢❡❡t✐♥❣ ✈✐s✐♦♥s✱ ♠♦st❧② ✐♥ ✇❛❦❡❢✉❧ st❛t❡✱

t❤❛t ♠✐❣❤t ❜❡ s♦ str♦♥❣ ❛s t♦ ♠❛❦❡ ♦♥❡ ♠♦♠❡♥t❛r✐❧②
s❡❡ t❤✐♥❣s ❛♠♦♥❣ ♣❡r❝❡✐✈❡❞ r❡❛❧✐t② t❤❛t ❛r❡ ♥♦t t❤❡r❡✱
❧✐❦❡ t❛❦✐♥❣ ❛ ❜✉s❤ ♠♦✈❡❞ ❜② ✇✐♥❞ ❛t ❞✉s❦ ❢♦r ❛ ✇✐❧❞
❛♥✐♠❛❧✱ ♦r ❤❡❛r✐♥❣ ❛ ✈♦✐❝❡ ♦❢ ❛ ♣❡rs♦♥ ♦♥❡ ❧♦♥❣s t♦ s❡❡
✐♥ ❛ r✉st❧✐♥❣ ♦❢ t❤❡ ✇✐♥❞❀
❙②♠❜♦❧s ✶✾

❜✐r❞ vi ✖ ❛♥ ✐♥s♣✐r✐♥❣ ❢❛♥t❛s② ♦r ❞r❡❛♠❀

Pŕ.śni ✖ ♠❡❛♥s ✏t❤❡ s❡❞✉❝t✐✈❡ ♣♦✇❡r ♦❢ tr❛♥s❣r❡ss✐♦♥❀ ❛♥ ❡♥t✐❝❡✲

♠❡♥t t♦ r❡❜❡❧✱ t♦ tr❛♥s❣r❡ss ♦r ✈✐♦❧❛t❡ s♦❝✐❛❧ ♥♦r♠s✑✳
❚❤❡ ✏♠✐❧❦✑ t❤❛t ✏t❤❡ ❝♦✇✑ Pr.śni ❣✐✈❡s ✐s ✏t❤❡ ❡♥❡r❣② t♦
❞❛r❡✱ t♦ r❡❜❡❧✱ t♦ tr❛♥s❣r❡ss✑❀

Rudrá ✖ ❛ deva ❛♥❞ ❛♥ asura✱ ❛♥ ❡♥t✐t② ❜❡❤✐♥❞ ❡♠❡r❣❡♥❝❡ ❛♥❞

❞❡✈❡❧♦♣♠❡♥t ♦❢ ✐♥❞✐✈✐❞✉❛❧✐t② ✐♥ ❛ ♣❡rs♦♥✱ ♦❢ ✐♥♥❡r s❡♣❛✲
r❛t✐♦♥ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ❢❛♠✐❧②✱ ❝♦♠♠✉♥✐t②✱ ❛♥❞ tr✐❜❡❀ Rudrá✬s
♠✐ss✐❧❡ ✭hetı́✱ didyút✮ ✇❤✐❝❤ ♣♦❡ts ♦❢ ❘✐❣✈❡❞❛ ❛s❦ ❤✐♠
t♦ ❞✐✈❡rt ❢r♦♠ t❤❡♠ ✭✷✳✸✸✳✶✹✱ ✻✳✷✽✳✼✱ ✻✳✼✹✳✹✱ ✼✳✹✻✳✸✮ ✐s
❛ ❝❛✉s❡ ♦❢ ❛ ♣s②❝❤♦s♦♠❛t✐❝ ✐❧❧♥❡ss ✭✇❤✐❝❤ ✐❧❧♥❡ss ✐s ❞❡✲
s❝r✐❜❡❞ ✐♥ ✻✳✼✹✳✸❞ ❛s ✏❝♦♠♠✐tt❡❞ ❢❛✉❧t✱ ❝r✐♠❡ ❜♦✉♥❞ ✐♥
❜♦❞✐❡s✑✮✱ ❛♥❞ ❢♦r ✇❤✐❝❤ s❛♠❡ Rudra ❤❛s r❡♠❡❞✐❡s ♦r
♠❡❞✐❝✐♥❡ ✭bhes
. ája ✷✳✸✸✱ ✻✳✼✹✳✸❛❜✱ ✺✳✹✷✳✶✶❜✮ ✇❤✐❝❤ ❧✐❦❡❧②
❞❡♥♦t❡s ✉♥❧❡❛s❤✐♥❣ ♦❢ ✐♥♥❡r r❡s♦✉r❝❡s ♦❢ ♦♥❡✬s ❜❡✐♥❣✳
❉❡s❝r✐♣t✐♦♥s
❙❡❝t✐♦♥s ❜❡❧♦✇ ♣r❡s❡♥t ❞❡s❝r✐♣t✐♦♥s ♦❢ ✈❛r✐♦✉s ❛s♣❡❝ts ♦❢ Indra✱ ♦❢
❤✐s ❡♥❡♠✐❡s ❛♥❞ ♦❢ ❤✐s ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡rs✳ ■♥ t❤❡ ❤②♠♥s ♦❢ ❘✐❣✈❡❞❛ t❤❡r❡
❛r❡ ❛❜♦✉t ✾✵✵✵ ♣❤r❛s❡s ❝❤❛r❛❝t❡r✐③✐♥❣ ✐♥ s♦♠❡ ✇❛② t❤❡ ❛❜♦✈❡✱ ❜✉t
✇✐t❤ ❢❡✇ ✐♥❞✐❝❛t✐♦♥s ♦❢ t❤❡✐r ✐♥t❡r❝♦♥♥❡❝t✐♦♥s✳ ❉❡s❝r✐♣t✐♦♥s ✐♥ t❤✐s
❝❤❛♣t❡r ❛tt❡♠♣t t♦ ❛rr❛♥❣❡ ♠♦st ♦❢ t❤❡s❡ ♣❤r❛s❡s s♦ t❤❛t s✉❜s❡ts ♦❢
t❤❡♠ ❡✈♦❦❡ ❛ s❝❤❡♠❛ ♦r ❛ ✈✐s✐♦♥ t❤❛t ♠❛❦❡ t❤❡ ❝♦♠♣♦♥❡♥t ♣❤r❛s❡s
❝♦♥♥❡❝t❡❞ ✇✐t❤ ❡❛❝❤ ♦t❤❡r ♦r ✇✐t❤ ♦t❤❡r s✉❜s❡ts✳ ❙❝❤❡♠❛s ❛♥❞
✈✐s✐♦♥s ♣r❡s❡♥t❡❞ ❤❡r❡ ❛r❡ ♥♦t ♥❡❝❡ss❛r✐❧② ✉♥✐q✉❡❧② ❞❡t❡r♠✐♥❡❞ ❜②
s❛✐❞ s✉❜s❡ts✱ ❛♥❞✱ t❤❡r❡❢♦r❡✱ t❤❡ ❝❤♦✐❝❡s ♠❛❞❡ r❡✢❡❝t ❝❡rt❛✐♥ ♣r❡✲
s✉♣♣♦s✐t✐♦♥s ♦♥ ♠② ♣❛rt✳
❚❤❡s❡ ❞❡s❝r✐♣t✐♦♥s✱ ❜❡✐♥❣ ❞✐r❡❝t❧② ❝♦♥♥❡❝t❡❞ t♦ t❤❡ t❡①t ♦❢ t❤❡
❤②♠♥s✱ ❝❛♥ ♣r♦✈✐❞❡ ❛ ♥❡t ♦❢ ❝♦♥str❛✐♥ts t❤❛t ❛♥② ✐♥t❡r♣r❡t❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢
❤②♠♥s t♦ Indra s❤❛❧❧ ✜t✳ ❚❤❡② ❛❧s♦ ✇❡❛✈❡ ❛ ♥❡❝❡ss❛r② ❜❛❝❦❣r♦✉♥❞
❝♦♥t❡①t ❢♦r ❝♦♠♣r❡❤❡♥❞✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❤②♠♥s ❛♥❞ ❛r❡ ✐♥t❡♥❞❡❞ t♦ ❛❧❧♦✇
t❤❡ r❡❛❞❡r t♦ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❝♦❣♥✐③❛♥t ♦❢ ❝♦♥❝❡♣ts ❜❡❤✐♥❞ t❤❡ ♣♦❡tr②✳

❈❤❛r❛❝t❡r✐st✐❝s ♦❢ Indra
❈❤❛r❛❝t❡r✐st✐❝s ❧✐st❡❞ ❜❡❧♦✇ ❝❛♥ r❡❢❡r t♦ ❜♦t❤ Indra ❛♥❞ t♦ ❤✐s
❛❞❡♣ts ✖ ❛s ❤❡ ✐s t❤❡ ♠♦❞❡❧ ♦❢ ❜❡❤❛✈✐♦r ❢♦r t❤❡♠ ✖ ❛♥❞ t♦ t❤❡
st❛t❡ ♦❢ ❜❡✐♥❣ Indra✳ ▼❛♥② ♦❢ t❤❡♠ ✇✐❧❧ ❜❡ ❡❧❛❜♦r❛t❡❞ ✉♣♦♥ ✐♥ ❢♦❧✲
❧♦✇✐♥❣ s❡❝t✐♦♥s✳ ❈♦♥t❡♥t ♦❢ t❤✐s s❡❝t✐♦♥✱ str✐♣♣❡❞ ♦❢ ❛❧❧ r❡❢❡r❡♥❝❡s
❢♦r ❡❛s✐❡r r❡❛❞✐♥❣✱ ❝❛♥ ❜❡ ❢♦✉♥❞ ✐♥ t❤❡ ❛♣♣❡♥❞✐① ❆✳ ■t ✐s ♥♦t❛❜❧❡
t❤❛t s♦♠❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❝❤❛r❛❝t❡r✐st✐❝s ❛r❡ ❢♦✉♥❞ t♦ ❜❡ ❛❧s♦ t❤♦s❡ ♦❢ ❖❞✐♥✱
❚❤♦r✱ ♦r ❖❞②ss❡✉s✳
✖✕

Indra ✐s ✉♥❛❧t❡r❛❜❧② r❡❛❧ ✭áprāmisatya ✽✳✻✶✳✹✮✱ r❡❛❧✱ ♦r ❣❡♥✉✐♥❡✱

✭satyá✱ ✷✳✶✷✳✶✺✱ ✹✳✶✻✳✶✱ ✽✳✾✵✳✷✮✱ ❛♥❞ ♥♦t✲t♦✲❜❡✲❝♦♥❝❡❛❧❡❞ ✭ágohya
✽✳✾✽✳✹✮✳ ❍❡ ✐s ❛❧❧✲❞✐✈✐♥❡ ✭viśvádeva ✽✳✾✽✳✷✮ devá ✭✶✵✳✶✵✹✳✾✮✱ t❤❡
✷✷ ❈❤❛r❛❝t❡r✐st✐❝s ♦❢ Indra
devá ♦❢ devá✲s ✭✶✵✳✹✽✳✶✶✮ ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ❢♦✉rt❤ Āditya ✭✽✳✺✷✳✼✱ ✼✳✽✺✳✹✮✳
❍❡ ✐s ✐♠♠♦rt❛❧ ✭ámartya ✸✳✺✶✳✶✱ amŕ.ta ✻✳✷✶✳✸✮✱ ✉♥❞❡❝❛②✐♥❣
✭ajára✮ ✭✻✳✶✾✳✷✱ ✻✳✷✶✳✶✱ ✽✳✾✾✳✼✮ ✖ ❛t ❧❡❛st ✐♥ s♦♠❡ ❝❛s❡s ✭✶✵✳✺✵✳✺✮✱
❡♥❞✉r✐♥❣ ✭sthávira ✹✳✶✽✳✶✵✱ ✻✳✹✼✳✽✱ ✶✵✳✶✵✸✳✺✮ ♦r ♥♦t s✉❜❥❡❝t t♦ ♦❧❞
❛❣❡ ✭ajuryá ✷✳✶✻✳✶✱ ✻✳✶✼✳✶✸✮✱ ❤❡ ✐s ❛ ♥♦♥✲❛❣✐♥❣ ✭ajúra ✽✳✶✳✷✮ ②♦✉t❤
✭yúvan ✶✳✶✶✳✹✱ ✸✳✸✷✳✼✱ ✻✳✶✾✳✷✱ ❡t❝✳ kan´ı̄na ✶✵✳✾✾✳✶✵✮❀ ♥❡✐t❤❡r ♠♦♥t❤s
♥♦r ②❡❛rs ✇❡❛r ❤✐♠ ♦✉t ✭ná yám. járanti ✻✳✷✹✳✼✮✱ ②❡t ❤❡ ✐s ✇❡❛r✐♥❣
♦✉t ✐♥ ❤✐s ❛❞❡♣ts ❡✈❡r② ❞❛② ✭járamān. a ✸✳✺✶✳✶✮ ❛♥❞ ❝❛✉s❡s t❤❡♠ t♦
❛❣❡ ✭jaráyanta ✷✳✶✻✳✶✮✳ ❆♥ ❛❞❡♣t ♦❢ Indra✱ ❛❧t❤♦✉❣❤ ❛ ❤✉♠❛♥✱ ❜②
♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ t❤❡ ✐♠♠♦rt❛❧ ♥❛t✉r❡ ❛❞✈❛♥❝❡s ❜❡②♦♥❞ t❤❡ ❤✉♠❛♥ ❦✐♥❞
✭✻✳✶✽✳✼✮✳

Indra ❤❛s ♠❛♥② s❡❧✈❡s ✭purutmán ✽✳✷✳✸✽✮✱ ❛♥❞ ♠❛♥② ❛ss✉♠❡❞

❢♦r♠s ✭puruvárpas ✶✵✳✶✷✵✳✻✮✱ ❛♥❞ ✐s ❡✈❡r②✇❤❡r❡ ✭viśvābhú ✶✵✳✺✵✳✶✮✱
´nara ✶✵✳✺✵✳✶✮ ✖ t♦ ❛ ❢♦r❡✐❣♥❡r ❛♥❞ t♦
❜❡❧♦♥❣s t♦ ❡✈❡r② ♠❛♥ ✭viśvā
Turvaśa ✭✽✳✹✳✶✮✳ ❍❡ ✐s ❛❧❧✲♣❡r✈❛❞✐♥❣ ✭vibhú ✻✳✸✹✳✶✱ ✽✳✾✻✳✶✶✮✱ ❡①t❡♥❞✲
✐♥❣ ✇✐❞❡❧② ✭uruvyácas ✼✳✸✶✳✶✶✱ ✽✳✷✳✺✮✱ ♦✈❡r ❛ ✇✐❞❡ s♣❛❝❡ ✭urujráyas
✽✳✻✳✷✼✮✱ ♦✈❡rs♣r❡❛❞✐♥❣ ❛❧❧ r❡❣✐♦♥s ✭ā ´ vı́śvāni tatā´na ✼✳✷✸✳✶✮✱ ✜❧❧✐♥❣
´
❜♦t❤ Rodas✲❡s ✭ā ródası̄ apr . n.āt ✹✳✶✽✳✺✱ ✸✳✺✸✳✶✷✮ ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ✐♥t❡r♠❡❞✐✲
❛t❡ s♣❛❝❡ ✭vı́śvam ā ´ prā antáriks.am . ✶✳✺✷✳✶✸✮ ✖ ❛♥❞ ❡✈❡♥ t❤♦s❡
❛r❡ ♥♦t ❡♥❝♦♠♣❛ss✐♥❣ ❤✐♠ ✭ná yám . viviktó ródası̄ nā´ntáriks.ān.i
✽✳✶✷✳✷✹✮✳ ❍❡ ❜❡❝♦♠❡s ❡♥❝♦♠♣❛ss✐♥❣ ✭pári bhū ✷✳✶✸✳✶✵✮✱ s♣r❡❛❞✲
✐♥❣ ♦♥ ❛❧❧ s✐❞❡s ❧✐❦❡ ❛ ♠♦✉♥t❛✐♥ ✭viśvátas pr . thúh. ✽✳✾✽✳✹✮✱ ❤❡ ✐s ❧✐❦❡ ❛
✇✐❞❡ s♣❛❝❡ ✭urú ✷✳✶✸✳✼✱ ✽✳✻✺✳✸✱ ✶✵✳✹✼✳✸✮ ❛♥❞ ❤❛s ❛♥ ❡①t❡♥s✐✈❡ ❜❛s❡
✭pr
. thúbudhna ✶✵✳✹✼✳✸✮✳ ❍❡ ✐s ❞❡❡♣ ✭gambhı̄rá ✷✳✷✶✳✹✱ ✶✵✳✹✼✳✸✮ ❛♥❞
♣r✐♠♦r❞✐❛❧ ✭pratnavát ✻✳✷✷✳✼✮✳ ❍❡ ❛♥❞ ❤✐s ❛♣♣❡❛r❛♥❝❡ ❛r❡ ❧♦❢t②✱ ❡①✲
t❡♥s✐✈❡ ✭br. hát ✸✳✸✷✳✼✱ ✻✳✶✾✳✷✱ ✽✳✾✽✳✶✱ ✽✳✽✾✳✷✮✳ Indra ♣r♦❥❡❝ts ✭prá
ric✮ ❜❡②♦♥❞ t❤❡ ❞❛r❦♥❡ss ♦❢ t❤❡ ♥✐❣❤t✱ ❜❡②♦♥❞ ❞❛②s ♦❢ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥✲
✐♥❣✱ ❜❡②♦♥❞ t❤❡ ✐♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ s♣❛❝❡✱ ❜❡②♦♥❞ t❤❡ ❤❡❛rt ❝❛❦r❛✱ ❜❡✲
②♦♥❞ t❤❡ ❡①t❡♥s✐♦♥ ♦❢ ✈✐t❛❧ ❛✐rs✱ ❜❡②♦♥❞ t❤❡ ❜♦✉♥❞❛r② ♦❢ t❤❡ ❜♦❞②✱
❜❡②♦♥❞ ✏t❤❡ r✐✈❡rs✑✱ ❜❡②♦♥❞ t❤❡ ❝❧❛♥s ✭✶✵✳✽✾✳✶✶✮✳ ❍❡ ✐s ✐♠♠❡♥s❡
✭parómātra ✽✳✻✽✳✻✮ ❛♥❞ ❡①tr❡♠❡ ✭pará ✷✳✶✸✳✶✵✱ ✺✳✸✵✳✺✮✳ ❍❡ ✐s ❡①✲
´nt ✽✳✻✺✳✸✮✱ ♦r ♠❛♥✐❢❡sts ❡①❝❡ss✐✈❡♥❡ss ✭mahát ✶✳✺✺✳✶✱
❝❡ss✐✈❡ ✭mahā
✸✳✸✹✳✼✱ ✶✵✳✽✾✳✶✮✳
✖✕
Indra ✐s ❤✐s ♦✇♥ ♠❛st❡r ✭svápati ✶✵✳✹✹✳✶✮❀ ❤❡ ❤❛s t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r ♦❢ s❡❧❢✲
´vant ✶✳✶✼✸✳✻✱ ✷✳✷✵✳✻✱ ✸✳✹✶✳✽✱ ✺✳✸✷✳✶✵✱ ✽✳✹✾✳✺✱
❞❡t❡r♠✐♥❛t✐♦♥ ✭svadhā
´jya ✶✳✽✵✱ ✶✳✽✹✳✶✵✕✶✷✱
✶✵✳✹✷✳✾✮✱ ❛✉t♦♥♦♠②✱ ♦r ✐♥❞❡♣❡♥❞❡♥❝❡ ✭svarā
´j ✸✳✹✺✳✺✱ ✸✳✹✾✳✷✱ ✽✳✽✶✳✹✱ ✼✳✽✷✳✷✱
✽✳✾✸✳✶✶✮✱ ❛♥❞ ✐s s❡❧❢✲r✉❧✐♥❣ ✭svarā
✽✳✻✾✳✶✼✮✳ ◆❡✐t❤❡r ❛ deva ♥♦r ❛ ❤✉♠❛♥ ❝❛♥ ❧❡ss❡♥ ✐t ✭✽✳✾✸✳✶✶✮✳ ❍❡
´jan ✶✳✶✼✹✳✶✮✱ ❛♥❞ ❛ ✜❡r②
✐s ❛ s♦✈❡r❡✐❣♥✱ ❛ ❝❤✐❡❢t❛✐♥✱ ♦r ❛ ❦✐♥❣ ✭rā
♦♥❡ ✭✺✳✹✵✳✹✮❀ ❤❡ ✐s t❤❡ ♣r❡❡♠✐♥❡♥t s♦✈❡r❡✐❣♥ ✭✽✳✶✻✳✸✮✱ ❡♠♣♦✇❡r❡❞✲
❜②✲t❤❡✲❍❡❛✈❡♥ s♦✈❡r❡✐❣♥ ♦❢ Soma ✭✻✳✸✼✳✷✱ ✻✳✷✵✳✸✮✱ t❤❡ s♦❧❡ ❝❤✐❡❢t❛✐♥
 ✷✸

♦❢ ❛❧❧ ♣❧❛❝❡s ♦❢ ❡①✐st❡♥❝❡ ✭✸✳✹✻✳✷✮✱ ♦❢ ❛❧❧ ❝r❡❛t✉r❡s ✭✹✳✶✼✳✷✵✮✱ ❛♥❞ ♦❢

❛❧❧ ❢♦❧❦s ✭✽✳✻✹✳✸✮✳ ❍❡ ✐s t❤❡ ❦✐♥❣ ♦❢ tr✐❜❡s ✭✶✳✶✼✼✳✶✱ ✹✳✶✼✳✺✮✱ ♦♥❧② ❤❡
r✉❧❡s ♦✈❡r ♦r ♦✈❡r♣♦✇❡rs t❤❡♠ ✭abhyas ✹✳✷✶✳✷✱ ✽✳✷✹✳✶✾✱ ✽✳✶✵✵✳✹✮ ❛♥❞
❝♦♠♠❛♥❞s t❤❡♠ ✭ı̄ś ✽✳✻✽✳✼✮✳ ❍❡ ✐s ❛ ❝❤✐❡❢t❛✐♥ ♦❢ ❝❧❛♥s ✭✽✳✾✺✳✸✮✱ t❤❡
♠❛st❡r ✭ı̄ś✮ ♦❢ ♠❡♥ ✇❤♦ ♣r❡ss Soma ❛♥❞ ♦❢ t❤♦s❡ ✇❤♦ ❞♦♥✬t ✭✽✳✻✹✳✸✮✳
❍❡ ✐s ❛❧s♦ ❛ ❝❤✐❡❢t❛✐♥ ♦❢ s❡♥s❡s ✭✺✳✸✾✳✹✮ ❛♥❞ ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥ts ✭✻✳✷✹✳✶✮✳ ❍❡
s❡❡❦s ❤✐s ♦✇♥ ✇❛② ✭svayú ✸✳✹✺✳✺✮✱ ❛♥❞ ❞♦❡s ❛s ❤❡ ✇✐s❤❡s✱ t❤❛♥❦s t♦
❤✐s r❡s♦✉r❝❡❢✉❧♥❡ss ✭✽✳✻✻✳✹✱ ✽✳✻✶✳✹✮❀ ❤❡ ❞♦❡s ♥♦t ❜❡♥❞ t♦ ♦t❤❡r✬s ✇✐❧❧
✭ánānata ✽✳✻✹✳✼✱ ✽✳✾✵✳✹✮✳
✖✕
Indra ✐s ♦♥❡✲♦❢✲❛✲❦✐♥❞ ❤❡r♦ ✭ekavı̄rá ✶✵✳✶✵✸✳✶✮✱ ♥♦ ♦♥❡ ✇❛s ♠♦r❡
❤❡r♦✐❝ t❤❛♥ ❤❡ ✐s ✭✽✳✷✹✳✶✺✮✳ ❚❤❡r❡ ✐s ♥♦ ♦♥❡ ✇❤♦ ✐s s✐♠✐❧❛r t♦ ❤✐♠
✭✻✳✷✶✳✶✵✮ ♦r ✐s ❧✐❦❡ ❤✐♠ ✭✶✳✺✷✳✶✸✮✱ ♥♦ ♦♥❡ ❧✐❦❡ ❤✐♠ ✇❛s ❜♦r♥ ♦r ✇✐❧❧ ❜❡
❜♦r♥ ✭✶✳✽✶✳✺✮✱ ♥❡✐t❤❡r ❝❡❧❡st✐❛❧ ♥♦r ❡❛rt❤❧② ✭✼✳✸✷✳✷✸✮✳ Indra ✐s ♣❡❡r✲
´ ✽✳✽✾✳✻✱
❧❡ss ❛♠♦♥❣ t❤❡ ♠✐❣❤t② ♦♥❡s ✭✽✳✻✸✳✶✮✱ ❤❡ ✐s s✉♣❡r✐♦r ✭abhibhū
✽✳✾✽✳✷✮ t♦ ❛❧❧ t❤❛t ✇❛s ❜♦r♥ ❛♥❞ ✇✐❧❧ ❜❡ ❜♦r♥ ❜❡❝❛✉s❡ ♦❢ ❤✐s ♣♦✇❡r
t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡ ✭✽✳✾✼✳✾✮✳ ❍❡ ✐s ❛❜♦✈❡ ❛❧❧ ❝r❡❛t✉r❡s ✭✻✳✷✺✳✺✮✱ ♥♦ deva ♦r ❛
♠♦rt❛❧ ✐s s✉♣❡r✐♦r ✭jyāyas ✐♥ t❤❡ s❡♥s❡ ✏s❡♥✐♦r✑ ✻✳✸✵✳✹✮ ♦r ❡✈❡♥ ❡q✉❛❧
✭āś ✽✳✾✼✳✾✮ t♦ ❤✐♠✳ Indra ❤❛s ♥❡✐t❤❡r r✐✈❛❧s ✭śátru ✶✳✶✵✷✳✽✱ ✺✳✸✹✳✶✱
´na ✹✳✶✽✳✹✱ ✻✳✶✽✳✶✷✮✱
✽✳✽✷✳✹✮ ♥♦r ✇❡❧❧✲♠❛t❝❤❡❞ ♦♣♣♦♥❡♥ts ✭pratimā
❜✉t ❤❡ ❛❧s♦ ❧❛❝❦s ❛♥ ❛❧❧② ✭ánāpi ✽✳✷✶✳✶✸✮✳

Indra ❡①❝❡❧s ❛t ✇❤❛t ❤❡ ✐s ❞♦✐♥❣✳ ❲✐t❤ aṅgiras✲❡s ❤❡ ✐s t❤❡

❜❡st aṅgiras✱ ✇✐t❤ ✈❡rs✐✜❡rs t❤❡ ❜❡st ✈❡rs✐✜❡r ✭✶✳✶✵✵✳✹✮ ✖ ❤❡ s✉r✲
♣❛ss❡s ❛❧❧ ♦t❤❡rs ❜② ❞❡❣r❡❡s ✭✸✳✹✻✳✸✮✳ ❍❡ ✐s t❤❡ ❜❡st ❛t ✜♥❞✐♥❣
❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s ✭✽✳✺✸✳✶✮✱ t❤❡ ❜❡st ❛t ❜r❡❛❦✐♥❣ str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞s
✭✽✳✺✸✳✶✮✱ t❤❡ ❜❡st ❛t ♣r♦❝✉r✐♥❣ ❤♦rs❡s ✭✶✳✶✼✺✳✺✮✱ ♦♥❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❜❡st ❛t
♦❜t❛✐♥✐♥❣ ❛♥❞ ❣✐✈✐♥❣ t❤❡ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r ✭✸✳✶✷✳✹✱ ✼✳✾✸✳✶✮✱ t❤❡ ❜❡st
❛t ♦❜t❛✐♥✐♥❣ ✇❤❛t✬s ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧ ✭✼✳✶✽✳✶✮✱ t❤❡ ❜❡st ♦❢ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡s
✭✽✳✺✸✳✶✮✱ t❤❡ ❜❡st ❛t ❛ss✐st✐♥❣ ✭✽✳✻✻✳✶✹✮❀ ❤❡ ✐s t❤❡ ❜❡st s❧❛②❡r ♦❢
Vr.tra ✭vr.trahántama ✺✳✸✺✳✻✱ ✺✳✹✵✳✶✕✸✱ ✽✳✾✸✳✶✻✱ ❡t❝✳✮✳ ❍❡ ❛❝❝♦♠✲
♣❧✐s❤❡s ✇❤❛t ♥♦ ♦♥❡ ❡❧s❡ ❞✐❞ ♦r ✇✐❧❧ ❞♦ ✭✶✳✶✻✺✳✾✮✳ ❍❡ ✐s ❡✛❡❝t✐✈❡
❛t ✇❤❛t ❤❡ ✐s ❞♦✐♥❣ ✭kr
. tnú ✷✳✶✸✳✶✵✱ ✻✳✶✽✳✶✺✱ ✹✳✶✻✳✶✮✱ ❡✛❡❝t✐✈❡ ✐♥ ❛
❜❛tt❧❡ ✭✽✳✶✻✳✸✮✱ ❡✛❡❝t✐✈❡ ❛t ❝r❡❛t✐♥❣ ❛ ✇✐❞❡ s♣❛❝❡ ✭✽✳✶✺✳✹✮✱ ❡✛❡❝t✐✈❡
❛t ♠❛❦✐♥❣ ✇❡❧❧✲❢♦r♠❡❞ st❛t❡s ♦❢ ♠✐♥❞ ✭✶✳✹✳✶✮✳ ❍❡ ✐s ❞♦✐♥❣ ♠✉❝❤
✭purukŕ
. t ✶✳✺✸✳✸✱ ✷✳✶✸✳✽✱ ✻✳✷✶✳✺✱ ✽✳✻✶✳✻✱ ❡t❝✳✮✱ ❤❡ ❡✛❡❝ts ❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣
✭viśvákarman ✽✳✾✽✳✷✮✱ ❤❡ ♣❡r❢♦r♠s ✇♦♥❞r♦✉s ❛♥❞ ✇♦♥❞❡r❢✉❧ ❞❡❡❞s
✭sudám
. sas ✶✳✻✷✳✼✱ ✶✳✻✷✳✾✱ ✸✳✸✷✳✽✱ dasmá ✶✳✹✳✻✱ ✶✳✻✷✳✺✱ ✺✳✸✹✳✶✱ ❡t❝✳✮✳
❍❡ ❤❛s ♣❡r❢♦r♠❡❞ ♠❛♥② ♠❛♥❧② ❞❡❡❞s ✭✹✳✶✻✳✶✻✱ ✽✳✾✸✳✶✮✱ ❤❡ ❦♥♦✇s
❛❧❧ ♠❛♥❧② ❧❛❜♦rs ✭✼✳✷✶✳✹✮✱ ❛♥❞ ✐s ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② ❡①❡rt✐♦♥ ✭✶✵✳✽✾✳✺✮✳
❍❡ ❛ss✐sts ❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣ ✭ ā´ bhū ✶✵✳✶✺✸✳✺✮✱ ❛♥❞ ✇✐t❤♦✉t ❤✐♠ ♥♦t❤✐♥❣
✐s ❛❝❝♦♠♣❧✐s❤❡❞ ✭✶✵✳✶✶✷✳✾✮✳ ❍❡ ❛❧♦♥❡ ✐s t❤❡ ❞♦❡r ♦❢ ✇♦r❦s ✐♥s✐❞❡ ❛
♠❛♥ ✭✽✳✾✻✳✶✾✮ ✖ ❢♦r ❡①❛♠♣❧❡✱ ❤❡ ✜♥❞s ❝♦✇s✱ ❝❛✉s❡s ✢♦♦❞✐♥❣ ✇❛t❡rs
✷✹ ❈❤❛r❛❝t❡r✐st✐❝s ♦❢ Indra
t♦ ❛r✐s❡ t♦✇❛r❞s t❤❡ s❡❛✱ t❤❡ s✉♥ t♦ ❡♠❡r❣❡ ✭✷✳✶✾✳✸✮✳ Indra ❞✐r❡❝ts
❛tt❡♥t✐♦♥ t♦✇❛r❞s ❛❧❧ s♣❤❡r❡s ♦❢ ❛❝t✐♦♥ ✭✽✳✸✷✳✷✽✮✱ ❜✉t ✐s ❛❜❧❡ t♦ ❢♦✲
❝✉s ♦♥ s❡♣❛r❛t❡ ♣r♦❜❧❡♠s✱ ❝❧❛s❤❡s✱ ❡t❝✳ ✭✶✳✻✶✳✻✱ ✹✳✸✷✳✷✮❀ ❤❡ s❡ts ✐♥
♦r❞❡r ✇❤❛t ✐s ✉♥✜♥✐s❤❡❞ ✭✽✳✾✾✳✽✮✳

Indra ✐s r❡st❧❡ss ✭arn

. avá ✸✳✺✶✳✷✮✱ ✐♥ ❝♦♥st❛♥t ♠♦t✐♦♥ ✭jágmi
✻✳✹✷✳✶✱ ✼✳✷✵✳✶✱ ✽✳✹✻✳✶✼✱ ✽✳✾✸✳✷✷✮✱ ✇❤✐❝❤ s♦♠❡t✐♠❡s ❧❡❛❞s t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣✲
✐♥❣ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s ✭✻✳✹✼✳✶✼✮✳ ❍❡ ✐s s✇✐❢t ✭āśú ✶✳✹✳✼✱ ✶✵✳✶✵✸✳✶✮❀ ❤✐s
♠♦✈❡s ❛r❡ s✉✣❝✐❡♥t ✭aram
. gamá ✻✳✹✷✳✶✱ ✽✳✹✻✳✶✼✮ ❛♥❞ ❤❡ ✐s ❡①♣❡❞✐✲
´rn.i ✸✳✺✶✳✷✮✳ ❍❡ ✐s st❡❛❞❢❛st✱ st❡❛❞② ✐♥ ❡✈❡r② ❛❝t✐♦♥ ✭sthirá
t✐♦✉s ✭tū
´.s.thira ✷✳✶✸✳✶✶✮✱ ♥♦t ❣✐✈✐♥❣
✶✵✳✾✻✳✼✱ ✶✳✶✵✶✳✹✮✱ ❛♥❞ ❡✈❡r✲r❡s♦❧✉t❡ ✭jātū
✇❛②✱ ♦r ❡✈❡♥ ♦❜st✐♥❛t❡✱ ✭anānudá ✶✳✺✸✳✽✱ ✷✳✷✶✳✹✮✳
✖✕
Indra ✐s ✐♥✇❛r❞❧② ❡①❝✐t❡❞✱ ♦r ✐♥s♣✐r❡❞ ✭vı́pra ✶✳✶✸✵✳✻✱ ✽✳✷✳✸✻✱ ✽✳✾✽✳✶✱
❡t❝✳✮✳ ❍✐s ❛❣✐t❛t✐♦♥ ✐s ❞❡❡♣ ✭✽✳✼✵✳✼✮ ❛♥❞ ✐t ❝❛♥ ❜❡ ✈✐♦❧❡♥t ❞✉❡ t♦
❤✐s ♦✇♥ ❢♦r❝❡❢✉❧♥❡ss ✭✽✳✶✷✳✷✹✮ ✖ ✈✐♦❧❡♥t ❜✉rsts ❛r❡ ❡❛s② ❢♦r ❤✐♠
✭✶✵✳✷✼✳✶✮✳ ❍❡ ❤❛s r❛❣❡✱ ♦r ❛♥❣❡r✱ ✭manyú✮ ♦❢ ❛ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ♠❡♥
✭✶✵✳✶✵✸✳✼✮✱ ❤❡ ✐s t❤❡ ♠♦st ❡♥r❛❣❡❞ ♦♥❡ ✭manyumáttama ✹✳✸✵✳✼✮❀
t❤✐s r❛❣❡ ✐s ♥♦t t♦ ❜❡ ❞♦✇♥♣❧❛②❡❞ ✭anuttamanyu ✼✳✸✶✳✶✷✱ ✽✳✻✳✸✺✱
✽✳✾✻✳✶✾✮✳ ❇✉t✱ ❞❡s♣✐t❡ ❜❡✐♥❣ ❡♥r❛❣❡❞✱ Indra ❤❛s t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r ♦✈❡r
❛✛❡❝t✐♦♥s ✭✶✳✺✼✳✸✮❀ ❜② ❧❡ss❡♥✐♥❣ t❤❡ ✐♠♠❡❞✐❛t❡ ❢✉r② ❤❡ ❝r❡❛t❡s ❛♥
✐♠♣❛ss✐♦♥❡❞ ♠❛♥ ✖ ❤❡ ❞❡s✐r❡s ❣r❡❛t❧② ✭✹✳✷✵✳✹✱ ✻✳✸✾✳✷✮✱ ❤❡ ❞♦❡s ♥♦t
❡♠❛❝✐❛t❡ ❧♦♥❣✐♥❣s ✭✶✳✺✸✳✷✮✱ ②❡t ❞r✐✈❡s ✐♥t♦ ❤✐❞✐♥❣ t❤❡ s❛✈❛❣❡ ❝❤❛r✲
❛❝t❡r ♦❢ ❤✐♠s❡❧❢ ✭✷✳✶✷✳✹✮ ✖ ❜❡❝❛✉s❡ ❤❡ ❣♦✈❡r♥s ❜♦t❤ ✈✐♦❧❡♥t ✐♠✲
♣✉❧s❡s t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡ ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ❞❛r✐♥❣ ❢r❡♥③② ✭✸✳✸✻✳✹✮✳ Indra ♦✇♥s ❡✈❡r②
❧❛♠❡♥t ✭✶✳✶✵✵✳✼✮✱ ❜✉t ❛✈♦✐❞s ♦r ❞✐s♣❡rs❡s ♥♦①✐♦✉s ♠♦♦❞s ✭✶✳✶✷✾✳✽✱
✶✳✶✷✾✳✶✶✮✳ ❍✐s ❛♥❣❡r ✐s ❞✐r❡❝t❡❞ ✐♥t♦ t❤❡ ❢✉t✉r❡ ✭prācāmanyu ✽✳✻✶✳✾✮
t❤✉s ♣r♦❝✉r✐♥❣ ✐♥❞✐✈✐❞✉❛❧✐t② ✭ahamsana ✽✳✻✶✳✾✮✳ ❍✐s ❛♥❣❡r ✐s ♣r❡✲
❝✐♦✉s ✭✽✳✽✷✳✸✮❀ Soma ❞✐st✐❧❧s ✐t ✭✶✵✳✽✾✳✻✮ ❛♥❞ ♠❛❦❡s ✐t ❛✉s♣✐❝✐♦✉s ❢♦r
t❤❡ ❤❡❛rt ✭✽✳✽✷✳✸✮✳ ❲❤❡♥ ❛♥❣❡r ❜❡❝♦♠❡s r❛❣❡ ❛♥❞ ✐s r❛✐s❡❞ ❛❜♦✈❡
t❤❡ ♦r❞✐♥❛r② ♠❡❛s✉r❡✱ Indra ✏❝r✉s❤❡s ✇❤❛t✬s ✜r♠✱ s❤❛tt❡rs ✇❤❛t ✐s
st✉r❞②✑ ✭✶✵✳✽✾✳✻✮✳

Indra ✐s ❛♥ ✐♥❝✐t❡r ✭sū´ra ✽✳✻✳✷✺✱ hétr. ✽✳✾✾✳✼✮✱ ❤✐s ✐♥t❡♥t✐♦♥ ✐s

t♦ st✐r ✭codayatmati ✽✳✹✻✳✶✾✮✳ Indra ✐s t✉♠✉❧t✉♦✉s ✭dhúni ✶✳✶✼✹✳✾✱
✶✵✳✽✾✳✺✮✱ ❛♥❞ ❛❣✐t❛t❡s ❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣ ✭viśvā´yu ✶✳✶✷✾✳✹✮✳ ■t ✐s ❜② ❤✐♠
t❤❛t ❛❧❧ ❞✐st✉r❜❛♥❝❡s ❛r❡ ♠❛❞❡ ✭✷✳✶✷✳✹✮✱ ❤❡ st✐rs ✉♣ ♠❛♥② ✐♠♣♦r✲
t❛♥t ❡✈❡♥ts ✭✹✳✸✵✳✷✷✮✱ ❤❡ ❡♥❣❡♥❞❡rs ❛❝t✐♦♥ ✭✶✵✳✺✺✳✽✮✱ ❛♥❞ r♦✉s❡s t♦
✐t ✭✷✳✷✶✳✸✮❀ ❤❡ ❝r❡❛t❡s ✏✜r❡ ✐♥s✐❞❡ t✇♦ r♦❝❦s✑ ✭✷✳✶✷✳✸✮✱ ❣❛t❤❡rs ❛
tr♦♦♣ ♦❢ ❢♦❧❧♦✇❡rs ✭✷✳✷✶✳✸✮✱ ❛♥❞ ❝❛✉s❡s ✜❣❤t✐♥❣ ✭✶✵✳✶✵✸✳✷✮✳ Indra
✐s t❤❡ ✐♥❝✐t❡r ✭sūnú✮ ♦❢ ✇❤❛t✬s t♦ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ r❡❛❧ ✭✽✳✻✾✳✹✮✱ ♦❢ ♦✈❡r✲
✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ str❡♥❣t❤ ✭✶✵✳✺✵✳✻✮✱ ♦❢ t❤❡ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡ t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡ ✭✹✳✷✹✳✶✮✱
♦❢ ❛ ♣❤r❛s❡ ✭coditŕ
. ✽✳✽✽✳✻✮❀ ❤❡ ❞❡❧✐❣❤ts ✐♥ ❡✈❡r② ❝❤❡r✐s❤❡❞ ♠❛♥✐❝
t❤♦✉❣❤t ✭✶✵✳✾✻✳✶✶✮✳ ❲❤❛t❡✈❡r Indra st✐rs✱ ❤❡ ❜❡❝♦♠❡s t❤❡ ♠❛st❡r
 ✷✺

♦❢ t❤❛t ✭✶✳✶✻✺✳✶✵✮✳ ❲❤❛t ✐s t♦ ❜❡ ❡♥❡r❣✐③❡❞✱ t❤❛t ✐s ♦✛❡r❡❞ t♦ Indra

❜② deva✲s ✭✷✳✷✵✳✽✮✳
Indra ✐s ✐♥s♣✐r✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♠❡❡❦ ✭✻✳✹✹✳✶✵✱ ✽✳✽✵✳✸✮✱ ❛ ✇❤✐♣ ♦❢ t❤❡ ♠❡❡❦
✭✷✳✷✶✳✹✱ ✷✳✸✵✳✻✮✱ ❛♥ ✐♥❝✐t❡r ♦❢ ❛ ♠❡❡❦ ♠❛♥ ✭✷✳✶✷✳✻✱ ✶✵✳✷✹✳✸✮✳ Indra
❢❛❝✐❧✐t❛t❡s ❛♥❣❡r ✭✻✳✷✷✳✹✮✱ ❡✛❡❝t✐♥❣ ❜♦t❤ ❤❛tr❡❞ ❛♥❞ ♠✉t✉❛❧ ❧♦♥❣✐♥❣s
✭✽✳✶✳✷✮❀ ❤❡ ✐s ❛ ❞❡str✉❝t✐✈❡ ✇❡❛♣♦♥ ♦❢ ❛♥ ❛♥❣❡r❡❞ ♦♥❡ ✭✷✳✷✶✳✹✮✳
✖✕
Indra ✐s ♦❢t❡♥ ❝❛❧❧❡❞ ✏❛ ❜✉❧❧✑ ✭vŕ
. .san ✶✳✼✳✻✱ ✶✳✶✻✳✶✱ ✶✳✶✵✵✳✶✼✱ ❡t❝✳✮ ✖
t❤❛t ✐s✱ s♦♠❡♦♥❡ ♠✐❣❤t②✱ ♦✈❡r♣♦✇❡r✐♥❣✱ ❢♦r❝❡❢✉❧✱ ❜❡✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❝❤❛r❣❡✱
✐♥✲❝♦♥tr♦❧✱ ❜❡❛r✐♥❣ str♦♥❣ s✇❛②✱ ✐♠♣r❡❣♥❛t✐♥❣✳ ▼❛♥② t❤✐♥❣s ❛❜♦✉t
❤✐♠ ❛r❡ ❛❧s♦ ❝❛❧❧❡❞ ✏❛ ❜✉❧❧✑ ✖ ❤✐s r❡✐❣♥s ❛r❡ ✏❜✉❧❧s✑✱ ❤✐s ✇❤✐♣ ✐s
✏❜✉❧❧✑✱ ❤✐s ❝❤❛r✐♦t ✐s ✏❜✉❧❧✑✱ ❤✐s t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s ❛r❡ ✏❜✉❧❧s✑ ✭✽✳✸✸✳✶✶✮❀
❤❡ ❤❛s t❤r✉st ♦❢ ❛ ❜✉❧❧ ✭✽✳✸✸✳✶✵✮✱ ❤❡ ✐s ❛❜❧❡ ❧✐❦❡ ❛ ❜✉❧❧ ✭✻✳✹✺✳✷✷✮
❛♥❞ r❡s♦✉r❝❡❢✉❧ ❧✐❦❡ ❛ ❜✉❧❧ ✭✺✳✸✻✳✺✮✱ ❤❡ r✉♠❜❧❡s ❧♦✉❞❧② ❧✐❦❡ ❛ ❜✉❧❧
✭✽✳✶✳✷✮✳ ❋♦✉r ♦❢ ❤✐s ❣✉✐❞✐♥❣ ❛s♣❡❝ts ❛r❡ t❤♦s❡ ♦❢ ❛ ❜✉✛❛❧♦ ✭✶✵✳✺✹✳✹✮✳
❍❡ ✐s ♥♦t t♦ ❜❡ ♠❡❞❞❧❡❞ ✇✐t❤ ✭✹✳✶✽✳✶✵✮✱ ❛♥❞ ❞♦❡s ♥♦t ❛❧❧♦✇ ❞❡✜❛♥❝❡
t♦ ❛ ❞❡✜❛♥t ♦♥❡ ✭✷✳✶✷✳✶✵✮✳ Indra ❛♣♣❡❛rs ❛s ❛ ❜✉❧❧✱ ♦r r❡s❡♠❜❧❡s ❛
❜✉❧❧✱ ✭vr
. .sabhá ✷✳✶✷✳✶✷✱ ✺✳✹✵✳✹✱ ✽✳✾✸✳✷✵✱ ✷✳✷✶✳✹✱ ✻✳✶✼✳✷✱ ✶✳✶✵✵✳✷✱ ✶✳✺✹✳✸✱
❡t❝✳✮✱ ❛♥❞ ❤❡ ✐s t❤❡ ♠♦st ❡①❝❡❧❧❡♥t ❛♠♦♥❣ r❡s❡♠❜❧✐♥❣✲❛✲❜✉❧❧ ♦♥❡s
✭✽✳✺✸✳✶✮✳
Indra ❤❛s t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r ♦❢ ❝♦♥tr♦❧✱ ♦r ❛✉t❤♦r✐t②✱ ✭túvis
. mant ✹✳✷✾✳✸✱
✶✵✳✹✹✳✶✱ ✶✵✳✼✹✳✻❀ tavis.ı̄vat ✹✳✷✵✳✼✮✱ ❛♥❞ ✐s s✉rr♦✉♥❞❡❞ ❜② ♣♦✇❡rs t♦
❝♦♥tr♦❧ ✭✽✳✽✽✳✷✮✳ ❍❡ ✐s ✐♥ ❝❤❛r❣❡ ✭´
ı̄śāna ✶✳✶✶✳✽✱ ✶✳✽✹✳✼✱ ✹✳✶✻✳✶✶✱
✽✳✶✼✳✾✮ ✖ ✐♥ ❝❤❛r❣❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s ✭✹✳✶✻✳✶✶✮✱ ✐♥ ❝❤❛r❣❡
♦❢ t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡ ✭✽✳✺✸✳✶✮✱ ✐♥ ❝❤❛r❣❡ ♦❢ ✇❤❛t ✐s ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧ ✭✽✳✽✶✳✹✮✳ ❍❡
❤❛s s❡✈❡♥ r❡✐♥s ✭✷✳✶✷✳✶✷✮✱ ❛♥❞ ✐s ❛ ❥♦✐♥t r✉❧❡r ♦❢ t❤❡ ♠✐❣❤t② ❍❡❛✈❡♥
❛♥❞ t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤ ✭✶✳✶✵✵✳✶✮✱ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❣♦♦❞ ✭✹✳✷✶✳✶✵✮✱ ♦❢ t❤♦s❡ ❞r❛✇✐♥❣ t♦
t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s ✖ t❤❡ s❡♥s❡s ✭✽✳✶✻✳✶✱ ✶✵✳✶✶✻✳✼✮✳ ❇② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❤✐s ❢r❡♥③②
❤❡ ❝❛♥ ❜❡ ✐♥ ❝❤❛r❣❡ ♦❢ ❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣ ✭✽✳✶✼✳✾✱ ✽✳✻✳✹✶✱ ✽✳✸✷✳✶✹✮✳
Indra ✐s ❛ t❛♠❡r ♦❢ ❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣ ✭✺✳✸✹✳✺✮✱ ✉♥❞❡r ❤✐s ❞✐r❡❝t✐♦♥ ❛r❡
❤♦rs❡s✱ ♦①❡♥✱ tr♦♦♣s✱ ❛♥❞ ❛❧❧ ❝❤❛r✐♦ts ✭✷✳✶✷✳✼✮✳ ❍❡ ✐s ✐♥ ❝❤❛r❣❡ ♦❢ ❛
♠❛♥ ✇❤♦ ✐s ♦♥ t❤❡ ♠♦✈❡✱ ❛♥❞ ♦❢ ❛ ♠❛♥ ✇❤♦ ✐s s❡tt❧❡❞ ✭✼✳✸✷✳✷✷✮✳ ❍❡
✐s ✐♥✲❝♦♥tr♦❧ ✭tavis
. á ✶✳✶✻✺✳✻✮❀ ❤❡ ✐s t❤❡ ♦♥❧② ♦♥❡ ✇❤♦ r✉❧❡s ❛❧❧ tr✐❜❡s
❛♥❞ ❝❧❛♥s ✭✹✳✷✶✳✷✱ ✽✳✻✳✷✻✱ ✽✳✷✹✳✶✾✱ ✽✳✻✽✳✼✮✳ ❆r✐s✐♥❣ ✐♥ t❤❡ ✜✈❡ tr✐❜❡s
´jan ✶✳✶✼✼✳✶✱ ✹✳✶✼✳✺✮ ♦❢
✭✺✳✸✷✳✶✶✮✱ ❤❡ ✐s t❤❡ ❦✐♥❣✱ ♦r ❛ ❝❤✐❡❢t❛✐♥✱ ✭rā
t❤❡♠✱ ♦❢ ❛❧❧ ❢♦❧❦s ✭✽✳✻✹✳✸✮ ❛♥❞ ❝r❡❛t✉r❡s ✭✹✳✶✼✳✷✵✮✳ ❍❡ ✐s t❤❡ ❧❡❛❞❡r
♦❢ ❤✉♠❛♥ ❞♦♠❛✐♥s ❛♥❞ ♦❢ ❝❡❧❡st✐❛❧ tr✐❜❡s ✭✸✳✸✹✳✷✮✳
✖✕
Indra ✐s ❛♥ ♦✈❡rs❡❡r ✭páti✮ ♦❢ ✇❤❛t ✐s ♦r t♦✲❜❡❝♦♠❡ r❡❛❧ ✭✺✳✸✷✳✶✶✱
✻✳✹✻✳✶✱ ✻✳✻✵✳✻✱ ✽✳✷✳✸✽✱ ❡t❝✳✮✱ ♦❢ tr✐❜❡s ✭✽✳✶✸✳✾✮✱ ♦❢ ❛ s❛❝r✐✜❝✐❛❧ ❛ss❡♠✲
❜❧② ✭✶✳✷✶✳✺✮✱ ♦❢ tr♦♦♣s ✭✶✵✳✶✶✷✳✾✮✱ ♦❢ ♠❡♥ ✭✽✳✺✹✳✻✱ ✶✵✳✹✹✳✷✱ ✶✵✳✹✹✳✸✮✳
❍❡ ✐s ❛♥ ♦✈❡rs❡❡r ♦❢ t❤❡ ❛❝t✐✈✐t✐❡s ♦❢ tr❛✐♥✐♥❣ ❞❛②s ✭✸✳✸✹✳✶✵✮ ❛♥❞ ♦❢
✷✻ ❈❤❛r❛❝t❡r✐st✐❝s ♦❢ Indra
✜❣❤t✐♥❣ ♠❛t❝❤❡s ✭✽✳✺✹✳✻✮✳ ❍❡ ✐s ❛♥ ♦✈❡rs❡❡r ♦❢ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s ✭✽✳✷✹✳✶✹✮✱
♦❢ ♦♣✉❧❡♥t str❡❛♠s ✭✶✵✳✶✽✵✳✶✮✱ ♦❢ ❣r❡❛t ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡ ✭✶✵✳✷✷✳✸✮✱
♦❢ t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡ ✭✶✵✳✷✹✳✸✮ ❛♥❞ ♦❢ ✐ts ❜❡♥❡✜ts ✭✶✵✳✹✼✳✶✮✳ ◆❡✈❡r ❛❜s❡♥t✱
❤❡ ✇❛t❝❤❡s ♦✈❡r ❜♦t❤ t②♣❡s ♦❢ ❡①✐st❡♥❝❡ ✭✽✳✺✷✳✼✮✳
Indra ✐s ❛ ❣✉✐❞✐♥❣ s♣✐r✐t ✭ásura ✶✳✺✹✳✸✱ ✶✳✶✼✹✳✶✱ ✽✳✾✵✳✻✱ ✶✵✳✾✻✳✶✶✮✳
❍❡ ❣✉✐❞❡s ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❧♦✉❞ ❛✉❞✐t♦r② ✐♠♣r❡ss✐♦♥s ✭✶✳✺✹✳✸✮✱ ❛♥❞ ✐❧✲
❧✉♠✐♥❛t❡s ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ s♣❡❡❝❤ ✭✸✳✸✶✳✽✮✳ ❍❡ s❡❡❦s ✐♥s♣✐r✐♥❣ ✇♦r❞s
✭✶✳✶✸✷✳✸✮✱ ❡♠♣❧♦②s ❛✉❞✐t♦r② ✐♠♣r❡ss✐♦♥s ✭śravasyánt ✶✳✶✼✼✳✶✮✱ ❣✉✐❞❡s
✇✐t❤ ✈♦✐❝❡ ✭✸✳✹✺✳✷✮✱ r♦❛rs ✭✹✳✶✼✳✹✮✱ ❛♥❞ ✐s s♦♠❡t✐♠❡s ❧✐❦❡ ❛♥ ❛✉❞✐t♦r②
✐♠♣r❡ss✐♦♥ ✭✷✳✶✹✳✶✷✮✳ ❍❡ ✐s ❛ ❣✉✐❞❡ ✭netŕ. ✹✳✶✻✳✽✱ ✽✳✻✾✳✶✸✱ abhinetŕ.
✹✳✷✵✳✽✱ padav´ı̄ ✸✳✸✶✳✽✮ ✇❤♦ ❣✐✈❡s ❞✐r❡❝t✐♦♥s ✐♥st❛♥t❧② ✭✸✳✹✺✳✺✮ ❛♥❞
✐♥❞✉❝❡s ❛ r✉s❤ ✭✽✳✻✾✳✶✸✮❀ ❤✐s ❣✉✐❞❛♥❝❡ ✐s ♣♦t❡♥t ✭✻✳✹✺✳✸✮ ❛♥❞ ❧❡❛❞s
t♦✇❛r❞s ❢r❡q✉❡♥t ♠✉❧t✐t✉❞❡ ♦❢ ❜❡♥❡✜ts ✭✹✳✷✵✳✸✮✳ ❍❡ ❣✐✈❡s ❛♥ ❡❛s②
♣❛ss❛❣❡ ✭supārá ✽✳✶✸✳✷✱ ✽✳✸✷✳✶✸✮ ❛♥❞ ❛ ❝❤❛♥❝❡ t♦ ♠♦✈❡ ✉♣✇❛r❞s
✭✶✵✳✺✺✳✻✮✳ ❍❡ ✐s ❛ ♣❛t❤✲♠❛❦❡r ✭pura .etŕ. ✻✳✷✶✳✶✷✮✱ ❤❡ ❤❛s ❛ ♣❛t❤ ❢♦r✲
✇❛r❞ ✭✻✳✸✶✳✺✱ ✶✳✶✼✸✳✼✮❀ ❤❡ s❡❡❦s ❛♥❞ ✜♥❞s ❛♥ ✉♥✐♠♣❡❞❡❞ ♣❛t❤✇❛②
✭gātú ✷✳✷✵✳✺✱ ✺✳✸✵✳✼✱ ✽✳✻✻✳✶✹✱ ✶✳✶✵✵✳✹✮ ✖ ❤✐s ♣❛t❤✇❛②s ❛r❡ ✉♥♦❜✲
str✉❝t❡❞ ❧✐❦❡ t❤♦s❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ✭✶✳✶✵✵✳✸✮✳ ❍❡ ✐s ❛ t❡❛❝❤❡r ♦❢ ♠❡♥
❞✉r✐♥❣ ❝♦♥✢✐❝ts ✭✹✳✷✵✳✽✮✱ ❛♥❞ ❤❛s ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥t ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❡♥❧✐❣❤t❡♥ ❤✐s
✇♦rs❤✐♣❡rs ✭✹✳✷✶✳✷✮✳
✖✕
Indra ✐s ❣✐❢t❡❞ ✇✐t❤ ✐♥s✐❣❤t✱ ❛ ♣♦❡t✱ ✭kavı́ ✶✳✶✶✳✹✱ ✸✳✹✷✳✻✱ ✻✳✸✾✳✶✱
✼✳✶✽✳✷✱ ✽✳✹✺✳✶✹✱ ❡t❝✳✮✳ ❑♥♦✇✐♥❣✱ ♦r ❦♥♦✇❧❡❞❣❡❛❜❧❡✱ ✭vidváṅs ✸✳✹✹✳✷✱
✺✳✽✻✳✹✱ ✼✳✷✽✳✶✮✱ ❤❡ ❤❛s ❛ ❝♦rr❡❝t ♥♦t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣ ✭✶✵✳✶✻✵✳✷✮✱
❢r♦♠ ❤✐♠ r✐❣❤t ❝♦♥❝❡♣t✐♦♥s ❣♦ ✐♥ ❞✐✛❡r❡♥t ❞✐r❡❝t✐♦♥s ✭✻✳✸✹✳✶✮❀ ❤✐s
❦♥♦✇❧❡❞❣❡ ✐s ❡♠❜r❛❝✐♥❣ ❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣ ✭viśvávedas ✻✳✹✼✳✶✷✱ ✶✵✳✶✸✶✳✻✮❀
❤❡ ✐s t❤❡ ❦♥♦✇❧❡❞❣❡ ❢♦r ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ✐s ❜❡tt❡r ❛t ♣r❡ss✐♥❣ Soma ✭✼✳✶✾✳✶✮✳
❍✐s ♠✐♥❞ ✐s t❡rr✐❢②✐♥❣ ✭ghorá ✼✳✷✵✳✻✮✱ ❞❛r✐♥❣ ✭dhr..sá✮ ❛♥❞ ❛ ♠❛st❡r
♦❢ ✐ts❡❧❢ ✭sváks.atra ✺✳✸✺✳✹✮✳
❍❡ ❤❛s ❛ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ✇✐❧❡s ✭śatákratu ✶✳✹✳✽✱ ✶✳✶✻✳✾✱ ✸✳✺✶✳✷✱ ✽✳✻✶✳✾✱
❡t❝✳✮ ❛♥❞ ❦♥♦✇s ♠❛♥② tr✐❝❦s ✭purumāyá ✻✳✶✽✳✶✷✱ ✻✳✷✶✳✷✮ ❛♥❞ ❝♦♥✲
tr✐✈❛♥❝❡s ✭cyautná ✼✳✶✾✳✺✱ ✽✳✷✳✸✸✮✳ ❍❡ ❡♠♣❧♦②s .rta ❜② ✉s✐♥❣ ✈✐s✉❛❧✲
✐③❛t✐♦♥s ❜❛s❡❞ ♦♥ .rta ✭✻✳✸✾✳✷✮✳
❍❡ ✐s ♥♦t t♦ ❜❡ ❞❡❝❡✐✈❡❞ ✭ádābhya ✼✳✶✵✹✳✷✵✱ ✽✳✻✶✳✶✷✮✱ ❜✉t ✜♥❞s
✇❛②s t♦ ❞❡❝❡✐✈❡ ✭✻✳✷✷✳✷✮✳ ❍❡ ❤❛s ❣♦♦❞ ❞❡s✐❣♥s ✭sukrátu ✶✳✺✳✻✱
✶✳✺✶✳✶✸✱ ✸✳✹✾✳✶✱ ✻✳✸✵✳✸✱ ✽✳✾✻✳✶✾✱ ❡t❝✳✮ ❛♥❞ ✐s s❦✐❧❧❢✉❧ ✭.ŕbhu ✶✵✳✶✷✵✳✻✮❀
❤✐s s❦✐❧❧s ❛r❡ ♥♦t ✇❛✈❡r✐♥❣ ✭.rbhus..thira ✽✳✼✼✳✽✮✱ ❛♥❞ ❤✐s ❝♦♠♣❡t❡♥✲
❝✐❡s ✭práśasti✮ ❛r❡ ♠❛♥② ✭✻✳✹✺✳✸✮✳ ❍❡ ✐s ♠❡♥t❛❧❧② ❞✐s♣♦s❡❞ ❢♦r
❣r❡❛t ❞❡❡❞s ✭✽✳✶✸✳✶✶✱ ✽✳✸✹✳✼✱ ❡t❝✳✮ ❛♥❞ ❤❛s r❡s♦✉r❝❡❢✉❧♥❡ss ✭krátu
✶✵✳✶✵✹✳✶✵✱ ✸✳✺✷✳✹✱ ✻✳✶✼✳✻✱ ❡t❝✳✮ ❢♦r t❤❛t✳ ■t ✐s ❣✐✈❡♥ t♦ ❤✐♠ ❜②
deva✲s ✭✶✳✽✵✳✶✺✮✱ ❛♥❞ Indra ❢♦st❡rs ✐t ✭✸✳✹✺✳✸✮✳ Indra✬s r❡s♦✉r❝❡❢✉❧✲
♥❡ss ✐s ❣r❡❛t ✭✸✳✺✷✳✹✮✱ ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥t ✭✽✳✻✽✳✷✮✱ ❛♥❞ ✉♥❧✐♠✐t❡❞ ✭✶✳✶✵✷✳✻✮✳
 ✷✼

■t ✐s ♠♦st ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t✐♥❣ ♦❢ ❞✐✣❝✉❧t✐❡s ✭✶✳✶✼✺✳✺✮ ❛♥❞ ❝❛rr②✐♥❣ ❛❝r♦ss

♦❜st❛❝❧❡s ✭✹✳✷✶✳✷✮✳ ❇❡❝❛✉s❡ ♦❢ ✐t✱ Indra ❞♦❡s ❛s ❤❡ ✇✐s❤❡s ✭✽✳✻✶✳✹✱
✽✳✻✻✳✹✮ ❛♥❞ ❤❛s ✇❛②s t♦ ♦✈❡r❝♦♠❡ ❛❞✈❡rs✐t② ✭✻✳✷✷✳✷✮✳ ■t ♠❛❦❡s Indra
t❡rr✐❢②✐♥❣ ✭✼✳✷✽✳✷✮✳
Indra ✇✐❧❧ ♥♦t ❜❡ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❡❞ ❛s ❛ ♣❡rs♦♥ ✐♥ ❝♦♥❢✉s✐♦♥ ♥♦r ❛s
♦♥❡ ❤♦❧❞✐♥❣ t✇♦ ❞✐✛❡r❡♥t ♦♣✐♥✐♦♥s ✭✻✳✶✽✳✽✮✳ ❍❡ ✐s ❝♦♥s✐❞❡r✐♥❣ ✐s✲
s✉❡s ❢r♦♠ ❛❧❧ s✐❞❡s ✭viśvátodhı̄ ✽✳✸✹✳✻✮✱ ❤❡ ✐s ♣r✉❞❡♥t ✭.ŕbhvan ✶✳✶✵✵✳✺✱
✻✳✸✹✳✷✮❀ r❛s❤ t❤♦✉❣❤ts ❞♦ ♥♦t ❞❡❝❡✐✈❡ ❤✐♠ ✭✶✳✺✺✳✼✮✳ ❍✐s ♠❛♥♥❡r ♦❢
t❤✐♥❦✐♥❣ ✐s ❛ r❡s✉❧t ♦❢ ❛ ❢♦rt❤✇✐t❤ ❝♦♥t❡♠♣❧❛t✐♦♥ ✭✻✳✶✽✳✽✮❀ ❤❡ ❢❛❝✐❧✲
✐t❛t❡s ❝♦♥t❡♠♣❧❛t✐♦♥s ✭✶✵✳✽✾✳✽✮ ❛♥❞ ♣♦ss❡ss❡s ♠❡♥t❛❧ s❝❤❡♠❛s ❢♦r
❛♥ ❡✛❡❝t✐✈❡ ❝♦♥t❡♠♣❧❛t✐♦♥ ✭✺✳✷✾✳✶✮✱ ❜✉t ❤✐s ✈❡r❜❛❧ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❛❝t✐✈✐t②
✐s ♥♦t ❝♦♥❞✉❝✐✈❡✲t♦✲❡①❤❛✉st✐♦♥ ✭✶✳✶✵✵✳✶✹✮❀ ❤❡ ✜♥❞s ♦r ❝r❡❛t❡s ♠❡♥✲
t❛❧ s♣❛❝❡ ✭✶✳✻✸✳✼✱ ✹✳✷✶✳✶✵✱ ✹✳✷✹✳✷✱ ❡t❝✳✮ ❛♥❞ ❤❛s ❡✛❡❝t✐✈❡ ♠❡♥t❛❧
❣❡st✉r❡s ✭✷✳✶✻✳✽✮✳
Indra ✐s ❡♠♣♦✇❡r❡❞ ❜② t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ✭dyuks.á ✺✳✸✾✳✷✱ ✽✳✷✹✳✷✵✱
✽✳✽✽✳✷✱ ❡t❝✳✮ ❛♥❞ ❤❛s ❛ ♠❛♥❧② ❛♥❞ ❤✐❣❤✲s♣✐r✐t❡❞ ♠✐♥❞s❡t ✭✹✳✶✻✳✾✱
✽✳✾✻✳✶✸✱ ✽✳✾✵✳✻✮✳ Indra ❤❛s ♠❡♥t❛❧ ✈✐❣♦✉r ✭médhira ✶✳✻✶✳✹✱ ✻✳✹✷✳✸✮❀
❤❡ ✐s ❛tt❡♥t✐✈❡✱ ♦r ❤❡❛r✐♥❣✱ ✭śr.n.vánt ✸✳✸✵✳✷✷✱ ✶✵✳✽✾✳✶✽✮❀ ❤❡ ✐s ✈✐❣✐❧❛♥t
✭animis.á ✶✵✳✶✵✸✳✶✕✷✮✱ ✉♥❞✐str❛❝t❡❞ ✭ástr.ta ✶✳✹✳✹✱ ✽✳✾✸✳✶✺✱ ✶✵✳✹✽✳✶✶✮✱
❛♥❞ ♥♦t✲t♦✲❜❡✲❞✐✈❡rt❡❞ ✭ánapacyuta ✽✳✾✷✳✽✱ ✽✳✾✸✳✾✮✳ ❍❡ ❤❛s t❤❡
♣♦✇❡r ♦❢ ❞✐s❝❡r♥♠❡♥t ✭dáks.a ✺✳✸✽✳✹✮✳ ❍❡ ✐s ♥♦t✐❝✐♥❣✱ ♦❜s❡r✈❛♥t✱
♦r ❞✐s❝r✐♠✐♥❛t✐♥❣✱ ✭cikitváṅs ✸✳✹✹✳✷✱ ✹✳✷✾✳✷✱ ✻✳✹✶✳✹✱ ✶✵✳✾✾✳✶✮✱ ❞✐s✲
❝❡r♥✐♥❣ ✭vijānánt ✸✳✸✾✳✼✱ vı́cetas ✻✳✷✹✳✷✱ ✽✳✹✻✳✶✹✱ vı́vici ✽✳✺✵✳✻✮✱ ❡✈❡♥
✇❡❧❧✲❞✐s❝❡r♥✐♥❣ ✭sudáks.a ✶✳✶✵✶✳✾✮ ❛♥❞ ❢♦r❡s✐❣❤t❡❞ ✭prácetas ✶✳✺✳✼✱
✼✳✸✶✳✶✵✱ ✽✳✾✵✳✻✮✳ ❍❡ ❞❡t❡❝ts ✐♥ ♣❡♦♣❧❡ t❤❡ ❦♥♦✇❧❡❞❣❡ ♦❢ t❡♥❞✐♥❣ ✉♣✲
✇❛r❞s ♦♥❡ ✭✶✳✽✶✳✾✮✱ ❛♥❞ ❞✐s❝❡r♥s str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞s ✭✼✳✷✼✳✷✮✳ Indra ✐s t❤❡
♠♦st r❛❞✐❛♥t✱ ♦r ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t✐♥❣✱ ✭dyumáttama ✶✳✺✸✳✸✮ ✖ ❤❡ ✜♥❞s✱
❜❡❤♦❧❞s ❛♥❞ ❣❛✐♥s svàr ✭✸✳✺✶✳✷✱ ✼✳✸✷✳✷✷✱ ✶✵✳✹✼✳✺✮✳ Indra ❤❛s ❛♥
❛❜✉♥❞❛♥t ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t❡ ✭tuvidyumná ✻✳✶✽✳✶✶✱ ✽✳✾✵✳✷✮✱ ❛♥❞
s❡❡s ❝❧❡❛r❧② ✭vicaks.an.á ✶✳✶✵✶✳✼✮ ✖ ❤❡ ✐s ❛ s❡❡r ✭.ŕ.si ✽✳✻✳✹✶✱ ✽✳✶✻✳✼✮✳
❍❡ ❜r✐♥❣s t❤❡ ❧✐❣❤t ✐♥t♦ t❤❡ s❡♥s❡s ✭✶✵✳✺✺✳✷✱ ✽✳✶✳✷✽✮❀ ❤❡ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t❡s
♥✐❣❤ts ✭✸✳✹✾✳✹✮✱ ❛♥❞ ✐s ❛ ♣r♦❣❡♥✐t♦r ♦❢ t❤❡ s✉♥ ✭✸✳✹✾✳✹✮✳
Indra ✐s t❤❡ ❝❤✐❡❢t❛✐♥ ♦❢ s❡♥s❡s ✭✼✳✷✼✳✸✱ ✺✳✸✾✳✹✮✱ ❤❡ r❡s❡♠❜❧❡s
❛♥❞ ❛♣♣❡❛rs ❛s ❛ ❜✉❧❧ ♦❢ t❤❡♠ ✭✻✳✶✽✳✶✱ ✶✵✳✶✽✵✳✸✱ ✽✳✾✻✳✹✮✱ ❤❡ ✐s
t❤❡✐r ♠✐❣❤t② ❥♦✐♥t r✉❧❡r ✭✶✵✳✶✸✹✳✶✮✳ ❍❡ ✐s ❛ s♦✉r❝❡ ♦❢ t❤❡✐r ❛❣✐✲
t❛t✐♦♥ ✭✶✵✳✶✵✸✳✶✮✱ ❤❡ ✜❧❧s t❤❡♠ ✇✐t❤ ✇❤❛t ✐s r❡❛❧ ✭✶✳✶✼✼✳✶✱ ✻✳✶✾✳✶✱
✼✳✸✶✳✶✵✮✱ s✉♣♣♦rts t❤❡♠ ✭✸✳✺✶✳✶✱ ✽✳✾✻✳✷✵✱ ✶✵✳✽✾✳✶✮✱ ❛♥❞ ❞❡str♦②s
✇❤❛t t♦ t❤❡♠ ❛r❡ ♦❜st❛❝❧❡s ✭✽✳✾✻✳✶✽✮ ✖ ❤❡ ❤❡❛rs ❛♥❞ s❡❡s ❡✈❡r②✲
t❤✐♥❣ ✭✽✳✼✽✳✺✮✳ ❍❡ ♦✈❡r♣♦✇❡rs s❡♥s❡s ✭✺✳✸✺✳✶✱ ✺✳✽✻✳✷✮ ❛♥❞ ♣r❡✈❛✐❧s
♦✈❡r t❤❡♠ ✭✻✳✹✻✳✻✮✳ ❍❡ ✐s ❡♥❝❤❛♥t✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♠✐♥❞ ✭háryat ✶✵✳✾✻✳✻✱
✶✵✳✶✵✺✳✶✮ ❛♥❞ ❤❛s t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❢r❛♠❡ ✐❞❡❛s ❛♥❞ ♣❡r❝❡♣t✐♦♥ ✭māyı́n
✶✵✳✾✾✳✶✵✱ ✶✳✶✶✳✼✱ ✶✳✺✶✳✺✱ ✽✳✼✻✳✶✱ ❡t❝✳✮✱ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r ♦✈❡r ❛✛❡❝t✐♦♥s
✷✽ ❈❤❛r❛❝t❡r✐st✐❝s ♦❢ Indra
✭indriyá ✶✳✺✼✳✸✱ ✶✳✶✵✸✳✶✱ ✶✳✶✵✹✳✻✱ ❡t❝✳✮❀ ❤❡ s❤❛♣❡s ♦♥❡✬s ♣♦✇❡rs
✭✶✵✳✹✹✳✸✮✳
✖✕

Indra ✐s ❛ tr✉❡ Soma✲❞r✐♥❦❡r ✭✶✳✷✾✳✶✱ ✶✳✹✳✷✱ ✻✳✷✸✳✸✹✳✷✺✳✼✱ ✽✳✷✳✹✱

✽✳✾✷✳✽✱ ❡t❝✳✮✱ ❛♥❞ ❡✈❡r ❛♥❞ ❡❛❣❡r ❞❡s✐r♦✉s ♦❢ ✐t ✭✷✳✶✹✳✶✱ ✶✳✶✵✹✳✾✱
✸✳✺✶✳✽✮✳ Indra ✐s ✐♥✢❛♠❡❞ ❜② Soma ✭✽✳✽✽✳✶✮ ❛♥❞ ✐s ❞r✐✈❡♥ ❜② ✐t
✭✽✳✶✳✷✶✮✳ Soma ✐s ❛✉s♣✐❝✐♦✉s ✭✶✳✺✳✼✱ ✽✳✶✼✳✻✮✱ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t✐♥❣ ✭✽✳✾✷✳✶✻✮✱
❛♥❞ ♥♦✉r✐s❤✐♥❣ ❢♦r ❤✐♠ ✭✷✳✶✶✳✶✶✮✱ ✐t ♠❛❦❡s ❤✐♠ str♦♥❣❡r ✭✷✳✶✶✳✶✱
✷✳✶✶✳✶✶✱ ✽✳✶✷✳✷✵✱ ✷✳✶✾✳✶✱ ❡t❝✳✮✳
Indra ✐s ❛♥ ❛st✉t❡ ♣♦❡t ✭kavı́ ✼✳✶✽✳✷✱ ✻✳✸✷✳✸✮ ✇❤♦s❡ ♣♦❡t✐❝ ✐♥✲
s♣✐r❛t✐♦♥ ✐s ✉♥❛tt❛✐♥❛❜❧❡ ❜② ♠❡r❡ ♠♦rt❛❧s ✭ásamas
. .takāvya ✷✳✷✶✳✹✮❀
❛♠♦♥❣ ♣♦❡ts ❤❡ ✐s t❤❡ ♠♦st ❣✐❢t❡❞ ✇✐t❤ ✐♥s✐❣❤t ✭kavı́tama ✻✳✶✽✳✶✹✮✱
❤❡ ✐s ❝❛❧❧❡❞ t❤❡ ♠♦st ✐♥s♣✐r❡❞ ✭vı́pratama ✶✵✳✶✶✷✳✾✮ ♦❢ ♣♦❡ts✳ Indra
✐s ❛ ♠❛st❡r ♦❢ ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s ✭✏❝♦✇s✑✮ ✭gópati ✹✳✸✵✳✷✷✱ ✽✳✻✾✳✹✱
✼✳✶✽✳✹✱ ✽✳✻✾✳✷✮✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ♣♦✇❡r ♦✈❡r t❤❡♠ ✭✹✳✶✽✳✶✵✮✱ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ ✭✽✳✷✹✳✷✵✮
❛♥❞ ✜♥❞✐♥❣ t❤❡♠ ✭✽✳✺✸✳✶✱ ✶✵✳✶✵✸✳✻✮✳ Indra✬s s♣❡❡❝❤ ❤❛s ♥♦ ♠❛❧✐❝❡
✐♥ ✐t ✭✻✳✷✷✳✷✮❀ ❤❡ ✐s t❤❡ ❜❡st ❛♠♦♥❣ ♠❛♥② ❛t ❛ s❤♦✉t✐♥❣ ❝♦♥t❡st ♦❢
♠❛♥② ❤②♠♥ s✐♥❣❡rs ✭✻✳✹✺✳✷✽✮✳ Indra ❞♦❡s ♥♦t ✐♠♣❡❞❡ ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①✲
♣r❡ss✐♦♥s ✭ágorudha ✽✳✷✹✳✷✵✮✱ ❛♥❞ ✐♠♣❛rts t❤❡♠ t♦ st❛♥③❛s ✭✽✳✷✳✸✾✮✱
❣r❛♥t✐♥❣ ✇❡❧❧✲t✇✐st❡❞ ✈❡rs❡s ✭✶✵✳✶✵✹✳✼✮✳ ❍❡ ❝r❡❛t❡s r❡❝✐t❡rs ♦❢ ✈❡rs❡s
✭✻✳✹✺✳✻✮✳
✖✕

Indra ✐s ❛ tr✉❡ ❦♥♦✇✐♥❣✲♠❛♥②✲tr✐❝❦s ♣♦ss❡ss✐♥❣ ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣

str❡♥❣t❤ ✜❣❤t❡r ✭satyasatvan ✻✳✸✶✳✺✱ sátvan ✻✳✷✷✳✶✱ ✻✳✷✾✳✻✱ ✽✳✹✵✳✶✵✱
✽✳✹✺✳✷✶✮ ❛♥❞ ❛ ♥♦♥✲❡♣❤❡♠❡r❛❧ ✇❛rr✐♦r ✭yudhmá ✻✳✶✽✳✷✱ ✽✳✾✷✳✽✱
yóddhr. ✽✳✽✽✳✹✮ ✖ ❢❡❛r❧❡ss ✭ánābhayin ✽✳✷✳✶✮✱ ❝♦♠❜❛t✐✈❡ ✭samádvan
✻✳✶✽✳✷✱ ✼✳✷✵✳✸✮✱ ♥❡✈❡r st❛♥❞✐♥❣ ❞♦✇♥ ❢♦r t❤❡ ❞❡❛t❤ ✭✶✵✳✹✽✳✺✮✱ ✜❣❤t✲
✐♥❣ ❞❛r✐♥❣❧② ✭✶✳✺✸✳✼✮ ❛♥❞ ❞❛r✐♥❣ t♦ ❛tt❛❝❦ ✭dadhr
. .sván.i ✽✳✻✶✳✸✮✱
❤❛✈✐♥❣ ♠✉❝❤ ❝♦✉r❛❣❡ ✭purunr
. mn.á ✽✳✹✺✳✷✶✮✱ ❜❡✐♥❣ ❞❛r✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❝♦♥✲
✢✐❝ts ✭dadhr
. .sá ✸✳✹✷✳✻✮✱ ❞❡✜❛♥t ✭dhr..sn.ú ✶✵✳✶✵✸✳✷✮ ❛♥❞ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❞❡✜❛♥t
♠✐♥❞s❡t ✭dhr
. .sanmanas ✽✳✽✾✳✹✮✳ ❍❡ ❤❛s t❤❡ ✜❣❤t✐♥❣ s♣✐r✐t ✭makhá
✸✳✸✹✳✷✱ ✶✵✳✶✼✶✳✷✮✳ ❍❡ ✐s ♦♣♣♦s✐♥❣ ♠✉❝❤ ✭tuvipratı́ ✶✳✸✵✳✾✮ ❛♥❞ ♦✛❡rs
✈✐♦❧❡♥❝❡ t♦ ♣❡♦♣❧❡ ❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ ✇❛r ❛♥❞ ❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ ♣❡❛❝❡
✭✸✳✹✻✳✷✮✱ ❤❡ ♦✈❡r❝♦♠❡s ❤♦st✐❧❡s ❜② ✜❣❤t✐♥❣ ✭✽✳✶✻✳✶✵✮✳ ■♥ ❛ ♣❡rs♦♥✱
❤❡ ✐s ❜❛tt❧❡✲r❡❛❞② ✭✺✳✸✸✳✶✮✳
❍✐s ✈❛❧♦r ✭vı̄ryà✮ ✐s ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥t ✭✶✳✺✼✳✺✮✱ ❣r❡❛t ✭✶✳✽✵✳✽✮✱ ❛♥❞
r❡♥♦✇♥❡❞ ✭supravācaná ✷✳✶✸✳✶✶✮✳ ◆♦ ♦♥❡ ❡①❝❡❡❞s Indra ✐♥ ✈❛❧♦r
✭✶✳✽✵✳✶✺✮❀ ✐♥ ❤✐♠ ❛❧❧ ❛s♣❡❝ts ♦❢ ✈❛❧♦r ✖ Soma ✐♥ t❤❡ ❜❡❧❧②✱ ♦✈❡r✲
✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ str❡♥❣t❤ ✐♥ t❤❡ ❜♦❞②✱ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t ✐♥ ❤❛♥❞✱ r❡s♦✉r❝❡❢✉❧✲
♥❡ss ✐♥ t❤❡ ❤❡❛❞ ✖ ❛r❡ ❜r♦✉❣❤t t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✭✷✳✶✻✳✷✮✳
 ✷✾

Indra ❝❛✉s❡s t❤❡ t✉♠✉❧t ♦❢ ❜❛tt❧❡ ✭khajakŕ.t ✻✳✶✽✳✷✱ ✼✳✷✵✳✸✱ ✽✳✶✳✼✱

khajam
. kará ✶✳✶✵✷✳✻✮✱ ❤❡ r❛✐s❡s ❞✉st ❤✐❣❤ ✭✹✳✹✷✳✺✱ ✻✳✶✽✳✷✮ ❛♥❞ ✐s
♠✉❝❤✲❝❛❧❧❡❞✲✉♣♦♥ ✜❣❤t❡r ✭✻✳✹✺✳✷✷✮ ✐♥ ❡✈❡r② ❜❛tt❧❡ ✭✼✳✸✷✳✷✹✮ ❛♥❞
✐♥ ❝❧❛s❤❡s ✭✼✳✽✷✳✹✮✳ ❍❡ ✐s ❛ st❡❛❞❢❛st ❞❡❢❡♥❞❡r ✭✽✳✸✷✳✶✹✮✱ ❤✐♠
t❤♦s❡ ✇❤♦ ❛r❡ s✉rr♦✉♥❞❡❞ ✐♥ ❛ ❝♦♠❜❛t ❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥ ✭✹✳✹✷✳✺✮❀ ❤❡
❣r✐♥❞s ❡♥❡♠✐❡s ❞♦✇♥ ✭✻✳✶✽✳✷✱ ✽✳✻✶✳✶✵✮✱ ❛♥❞ ✐s ❞✐✣❝✉❧t t♦ s❤❛❦❡
✭duścyavaná ✶✵✳✶✵✸✳✷✱ ✶✵✳✶✵✸✳✼✮✳ ❉✉r✐♥❣ ❛tt❛❝❦s ❤❡ ✐s ♦✈❡r ❛❧❧ ❛❞✲
✈❡rs❛r✐❡s ✭✽✳✾✾✳✺✮❀ ❡✈❡♥ ❜❡✐♥❣ ❛❧♦♥❡✱ ❤❡ ❡❛❣❡r❧② s❡❡❦s t♦ ❡♥❣❛❣❡ ❡✈❡r
♠♦r❡ ♥✉♠❡r♦✉s ♦♣♣♦♥❡♥ts ✭✺✳✸✵✳✹✮✳ ❍❡ ✐s t❤✉♥❞❡r✐♥❣ ✭✻✳✶✽✳✷✮ ✈❡✲
❤❡♠❡♥t ✭✽✳✹✵✳✶✵✮ ♥♦t✲t♦✲❜❡✲♦❜str✉❝t❡❞ ✭✼✳✷✵✳✸✮ ♥♦t✲t♦✲❜❡✲♠❛t❝❤❡❞✲
✐♥✲❛✲✜❣❤t ✭✶✵✳✶✵✸✳✼✮ ❢♦♥❞ ♦❢ s❧❛✉❣❤t❡r ✭✶✵✳✶✵✸✳✶✮ ✜❣❤t❡r✳ ◆♦ ♦♥❡
✇❛r❞s ❤✐♠ ♦✛ ✐♥ ❛ ❝❧❛s❤ ✭✽✳✹✺✳✷✶✮✳
Indra ✐s ✇❡❧❧✲❛r♠❡❞ ✭svāyudhá ✻✳✶✼✳✶✸✱ ✶✵✳✹✼✳✷✮ ✖ ✇✐t❤ ♠✐ss✐❧❡s
✭śárumant ✶✵✳✽✾✳✺✮✱ ✇✐t❤ ❜♦✇ ❛♥❞ ❛rr♦✇s ✭✶✵✳✶✵✸✳✸✮✱ ✇✐t❤ ❛ s♣❡❛r
✭✶✳✽✶✳✷✱ ✼✳✸✵✳✷✮✱ ♦r ✇✐t❤ ❤❛✈✐♥❣✲t❤♦✉s❛♥❞✲s♣✐❦❡s ✇❡❛♣♦♥ ✭✺✳✸✹✳✷✮✳
❍❡ ✐s ❛ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲✇✐❡❧❞❡r ✭vajrı́n ✶✳✼✳✷✱ ✶✳✽✳✺✱ ✸✳✹✻✳✶✱ ❡t❝✳✮ ❝❛rr②✲
✐♥❣ ✐t ✐♥ ❛r♠s ✭vájrabāhu ✶✵✳✶✵✸✳✻✮ ♦r ✐♥ ❛ ❤❛♥❞ ✭vájrahasta ✻✳✷✷✳✺✱
✼✳✸✷✳✸✱ ✽✳✾✵✳✹✮✳ ❍✐s ✏✐r♦♥✑ ✭āyasá ✽✳✾✻✳✸✮ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t ✭vájra ✶✳✸✷✳✷✱
✶✳✸✸✳✶✷✱ ❡t❝✳✮ ✐s ✐♥t❡rt✇✐♥❡❞ ✇✐t❤ ❤✐♠ ✭✽✳✾✻✳✸✮ ❛♥❞ ✐s ❞❡①t❡r♦✉s
✭✶✵✳✷✸✳✶✮✱ ❞✐✣❝✉❧t t♦ ✇❛r❞ ♦✛ ✭✻✳✶✽✳✶✶✮✳
Indra ✐s ❛ ❤❡r♦ ✇❤♦ ❞♦❡s ♥♦t str✐❦❡ ❡♥❡♠✐❡s ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ❜❛❝❦ r♦✇
✭✻✳✹✷✳✶✮✳ ❍❡ ✐s ❛ ✇❛rr✐♦r ✇❤♦ ✐s ✐♥ ❢r♦♥t ✭✼✳✸✶✳✻✮✱ ❛ ❢♦❝❛❧✲♣♦✐♥t✲♦❢✲
❜❛tt❧❡ ✜❣❤t❡r ✭✽✳✾✻✳✹✮✱ ❜✉t ❤❡ ❝❛♥ ❛❧s♦ ❜❡ ❛ s❝♦✉t ✭spaś ✽✳✻✶✳✶✺✮✳
❍❡ ✐s ♣r✐♥❝✐♣❛❧ ✐♥ ♠❛♥② ❝❧❛s❤❡s ✭✺✳✸✺✳✻✮✱ ❤✐s ♣r❡s❡♥❝❡ ❤❛s ❛ ❞✐r❡❝t
✐♠♣❛❝t ✭.rjı̄s
. in ✹✳✶✻✳✶✱ ✺✳✹✵✳✹✱ ✻✳✶✼✳✷✱ ✻✳✷✹✳✶✱ ❡t❝✳✮✳ ❍❡ ♦❢t❡♥ ✜❣❤ts
❢r♦♠ ❛ ❝❤❛r✐♦t ✭✶✳✶✼✸✳✺✱ ✻✳✷✶✳✶✱ ✻✳✷✷✳✺✮✱ ❛♥❞ ✇✐♥s ❝❤❛r✐♦t ❝♦♥t❡sts
✭✻✳✹✺✳✶✺✮❀ ❤❡ tr❛✈❡❧s ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❝❤❛r✐♦ts ✭✽✳✼✵✳✶✮✳ ❍❡ ✐s t❤❡ ❜❡st
❝❤❛r✐♦t❡❡r ♦❢ ❛❧❧ ✭✽✳✹✺✳✼✱ ✶✳✽✹✳✻✮✳
❍❡ ✐s ♠♦r❡ t❤❛♥ ❛ ❤❡r♦✱ ♠♦r❡ t❤❛♥ ❛ ✇❛rr✐♦r ✭✶✵✳✶✵✸✳✺✮✱ ❤❡
✐s ❛ ❣r❡❛t ❝♦♠♠❛♥❞❡r ✭✶✵✳✶✺✷✳✶✮ ✇❤♦ ❜r✐♥❣s ❤✐s ♠❡♥ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ❜②
s❤♦✉t✐♥❣ ✭✶✵✳✶✵✸✳✶✕✷✮✱ r♦✉s❡s t❤❡♠ t♦ ❛❝t✐♦♥ ✭✷✳✷✶✳✸✮✱ ♣r♦♠♦t❡s
❣r❡❛t ❝♦✉r❛❣❡ ✭✶✵✳✷✷✳✸✮✱ ❛♥❞ ❡✛❡❝ts ✐♥ t❤❡♠ ❢❡❛r❧❡ss♥❡ss ✭✶✵✳✶✺✷✳✷✮❀
❢♦❧❧♦✇✐♥❣ ❤✐♠ ✜❣❤t❡rs ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❤❡r♦❡s ✭✶✵✳✶✵✸✳✻✮✳
✖✕

Indra ✐s ❛♥ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡ ✭śū´ra ✶✳✶✼✸✳✺✱ ✼✳✷✵✳✸✱ ❡t❝✳✮ ✐♥ ❜❛tt❧❡s

✭✶✳✶✼✽✳✸✮✱ ✐♥ ❝❧❛s❤❡s ✭✷✳✶✼✳✷✮✱ ❛♥❞ ✐♥ ♠❡♥ ✭✶✳✶✸✸✳✻✮✳ ❍❡ ✐s ❛ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s
✭✶✳✶✼✸✳✺✮ st❡❛❞❢❛st ✭✽✳✾✷✳✷✽✮ ♠✐❣❤t② ✭✶✵✳✺✺✳✻✮ ♥♦t✲❝♦✉♥t❡r❜❛❧❛♥❝❡❞
✭✶✳✶✸✸✳✻✱ ✸✳✹✻✳✸✱ ✹✳✹✷✳✻✱ ✶✵✳✶✶✶✳✸✮ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡ ✭✼✳✷✵✳✸✱ ✶✵✳✶✵✺✳✻✱
❡t❝✳✮✳ ❲❤❡♥ s♦♠❡t❤✐♥❣ t❤❛t ❝❛♥ ❣♦ ❜♦t❤ ✇❛②s ✐s ♦♥ t❤❡ ❣r♦✉♥❞✱
t❤❡♥ ❤❡ ❣✐✈❡s ❜❡♥❡✜ts t♦ t❤❡ ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡r ✭✼✳✷✼✳✸✮✳ ❍❡ ❤❛s t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r
t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡ ✭śávas ✶✳✺✶✳✹✱ ✶✳✶✵✵✳✶✺✱ ❡t❝✳✮✱ ✐t ✐s ❜❡st ✐♥ ❤✐♠ ✭śávis
. .tha
✸✵ ❈❤❛r❛❝t❡r✐st✐❝s ♦❢ Indra
✻✳✷✷✳✷✱ ✻✳✷✷✳✼✮✱ ❛♥❞ ❤❡ ✐s t❤❡ ♠❛st❡r ♦❢ ✐t ✭✻✳✹✹✳✹✮✳
Indra ✐s ❛ ❜r❡❛❦❡r ♦r ❞❡♠♦❧✐s❤❡r ♦❢ ♥✉♠❡r♦✉s str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞s ❛♥❞
´m
✇❛❧❧s ✭purā . dartŕ. ✶✳✶✸✵✳✶✵✱ ✽✳✾✽✳✻✱ puram . dará ✺✳✸✵✳✶✶✱ ✽✳✶✳✽✱
purā´m
. dartnú ✻✳✷✵✳✸✱ pūrbhı́d ✸✳✸✹✳✶✱ ✶✵✳✶✵✹✳✽✱ purā´m
. darmá ✸✳✹✺✳✷✮
✖ ❡①t❡r♥❛❧ ✭✽✳✻✶✳✶✵✮ ❛♥❞ ✐♥♥❡r ♦♥❡s ✭✽✳✶✳✽✱ dr dh
. .. ´
ā ārujá ✸✳✹✺✳✷✮✳
❍❡ ❜r❡❛❦s ♦♣❡♥ ✏❝♦✇s❤❡❞s✑ ✭gotrabhı́d ✻✳✶✼✳✷✱ ✶✵✳✶✵✸✳✻✮✱ s❤❛tt❡rs
✏❝❛✈❡r♥✑ ✭valam . rujá ✸✳✹✺✳✷✮✱ ❤❡ s❤❛❦❡s ❛♥❞ ❝❛✉s❡s t♦ ❢❛❧❧ ✇❤❛t ✐s
✉♥s❤❛❦❛❜❧❡ ✭✽✳✾✻✳✹✱ ✷✳✶✷✳✾✱ ✻✳✶✽✳✺✮✱ ❤❡ ❞✐s♣❡rs❡s ✐♥❡rt✐❛ ✭ ✶✳✶✼✸✳✺✮✱
❝r✉s❤❡s ✇❤❛t✬s ✜r♠✱ s❤❛tt❡rs ✇❤❛t ✐s st✉r❞② ✭✶✵✳✽✾✳✻✮✳ ❍✐s ❤♦♠❡ ✐s
✇❤❡r❡ t❤❡r❡ ✐s ❛ ❣✐✈✐♥❣ ✉♣ ✭✶✳✻✶✳✺✮✳
Indra ✐s t❤❡ ♠♦st ❡①❝❡❧❧❡♥t s❧❛②❡r ✭✽✳✼✵✳✶✮✱ s✉❜❞✉❡r✱ ♦r ♦♣✲
♣r❡ss♦r✱ ♦❢ Vr.tra ✭vr.trahán ✶✳✶✻✳✽✱ ✸✳✸✵✳✺✱ ✽✳✻✶✳✶✺✱ ❡t❝✳✮ ✐♥ ❝♦♥✲
✢✐❝ts ❛♥❞ ✐♥ ❝❧❛s❤❡s ✭✶✵✳✶✸✸✳✶✮✳ Indra s♠❛s❤❡s ♥✉♠❡r♦✉s ✉♥❛♣✲
♣r♦❛❝❤❛❜❧❡ ♦❜st❛❝❧❡s ✭✹✳✶✼✳✶✾✱ ✼✳✽✸✳✾✱ ✸✳✸✵✳✹✱ ✽✳✾✺✳✾✮✳ ❍❡ s❧❛②s ❧②✲
✐♥❣ ❛r♦✉♥❞ t❤❡ ✢♦♦❞✐♥❣ ✇❛t❡rs ✭✹✳✶✾✳✷✮ ❡①❤✐❜✐t✐♥❣ ✈✐❣♦✉r s♥❛❦❡
✭✷✳✶✷✳✶✶✱ ✷✳✸✵✳✶✱ ✽✳✾✸✳✷✮✱ ❞✐♠✐♥✐s❤❡s t❤❡ ✈✐t❛❧ ♣♦✇❡r ♦❢ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡s t♦
s✉✛❡r ✇❛♥t ✭✸✳✹✾✳✷✮ ♦r s❧❛②s t❤❡♠ ✭✷✳✶✷✳✶✵✱ ✻✳✹✺✳✷✹✱ ✽✳✾✽✳✻✱ ✶✵✳✹✼✳✹✮✱
s❧❛②s ♦❢ ✈✐❝✐♦✉s ❣✉❛r❞✐♥❣ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡ ✭✶✳✶✷✾✳✶✶✮✱ ❞❡str♦②s ❞❡❢❡♥s✐✈❡♥❡ss
✭✶✳✶✷✾✳✶✶✮✱ s❤❛tt❡rs ✐♥❤✐❜✐t✐♦♥s ✭✻✳✻✵✳✺✮✱ ❛♥❞ ❞❡str♦②s ✐♥❢❛t✉❛t✐♦♥s
✭✼✳✶✵✹✳✷✶✮ ❛♥❞ r❡❛❝t✐✈❡ ✐♠♣✉❧s✐✈❡♥❡ss ✭✽✳✻✸✳✹✱ ✽✳✾✸✳✸✱ ✽✳✾✻✳✶✵✮✳ ❍❡
str✐❦❡s ✇✐t❤ ❛♥ ❛rr♦✇ t❤♦s❡ ♥✉♠❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡s ✇❤♦✱ ✇❤✐❧❡ ♥♦t ❜❡✐♥❣
♦❜s❡r✈❡❞✱ ❛r❡ ❝❛✉s✐♥❣ ❣r❡❛t ❡✈✐❧ ✭✷✳✶✷✳✶✵✮✳ Indra ✐s s✉♣❡r✐♦r t♦
❝✉rs❡s ✭✶✳✶✵✵✳✶✶✮ ❛♥❞ ❞❡str♦②s t❤❡♠ ✭✽✳✽✾✳✷✱ ✶✵✳✺✺✳✽✮✳ ❍❡ s❝❛tt❡rs
✭✶✵✳✶✷✵✳✶✮ ♦r ❝r✉s❤❡s ❡♥❡♠✐❡s ✭✶✵✳✶✸✽✳✹✮ ❛♥❞ t❤❡✐r ❞❡❝❡✐t❢✉❧ ♣❧❛♥s
✭✶✵✳✽✾✳✽✮✳
Indra ✇✐♥s ❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣ ✭viśvajı́t ✷✳✷✶✳✶✮ ❛♥❞ ✐♥ ❡✈❡r② ✇❛② ✭satrājı́t
✷✳✷✶✳✶✱ ✽✳✸✳✶✺✱ ✽✳✾✽✳✹✮✳ ❍❡ ❞❡❢❡❛t❡❞ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ❛r♠✐❡s ✭✶✵✳✶✵✸✳✶✮ ❛♥❞
´
✐s ❞❡❧✐✈❡r❡r ♦❢ ❛❧❧ ❜❛tt❧❡s ✭tarutā pŕ.tanānām
. ✽✳✼✵✳✶✮✳ Indra ✐s ✈✐❝✲
t♦r✐♦✉s ✭jis
. n.ú ✶✵✳✶✵✸✳✷✮ ✐♥ ❜❛tt❧❡s✱ ✐♥ ❝♦♠❜❛ts ✭pr.tanāsáh ✻✳✹✺✳✽✱
✶✵✳✶✵✸✳✼✮ ❛♥❞ ✐♥ ❝♦♥t❡sts ✭✻✳✹✺✳✶✺✮✳ ❍❡ ❝♦♥q✉❡rs ♠❡♥✱ ❛❝q✉✐r❡s ❢❡r✲
t✐❧❡ s♦✐❧✱ ❛❝q✉✐r❡s ❤♦rs❡s ❛♥❞ ❝♦✇s ✭✷✳✷✶✳✶✮❀ ❤❡ ✇✐♥s ♣r✐③❡s ✭dhánāni
✸✳✸✵✳✷✷✱ ✺✳✸✷✳✾✱ ✷✳✷✶✳✶✱ ✶✵✳✽✾✳✶✽✮✱ ❤❡ ✇✐♥s r❡♥♦✇♥ ✭✽✳✸✷✳✶✹✮✱ ❤❡ ✇✐♥s
svàr ✭✷✳✷✶✳✶✱ ✶✵✳✶✻✼✳✷✮✳
Indra ✐s t❤❡ ♦♥❡ ♦❢ ❛ss✉r❡❞ s✉♣r❡♠❛❝② ✭suks.atrá ✺✳✸✷✳✺✱ ✺✳✸✽✳✶✱
ks.atrá ✻✳✷✺✳✽✱ ✶✳✺✹✳✶✶✱✮✱ ♥♦ ♦♥❡ ✐s s✉♣❡r✐♦r ✭uttamá ✹✳✸✵✳✶✮ t♦ ❤✐♠✳
❍❡ ❝❛♥ ♦✈❡r❝♦♠❡ ✭abhibhū✮ ❡✈❡♥ ❧✐♠✐t❛t✐♦♥s ♦❢ Tvás . .t.r ❛♥❞ ❝✐r❝✉♠✲
st❛♥❝❡s ♦❢ ❜✐rt❤ ✭✸✳✹✽✳✹✮✳ ❖♥ ❛ ❜❛tt❧❡ ✜❡❧❞✱ ❤❡ ✐s ❞✐✣❝✉❧t t♦ s✉r♣❛ss
✭dus
. .tára ✺✳✽✻✳✷✱ ✽✳✹✻✳✾✮✱ ❤❡ ✐s t❤❡ ♠♦st ❛❜❧❡ ♦♥❡ ❛♥❞ ♥♦ ♦♥❡ ♦✈❡r✲
❝♦♠❡s ❤✐♠ ✭✸✳✹✾✳✷✮✱ ❤❡ ✐s ✐♥✈✐♥❝✐❜❧❡ ✭ás
. ā..dha ✷✳✷✶✳✷✱ ✻✳✶✽✳✶✱ ✼✳✷✵✳✸✱
✽✳✼✵✳✹✱ ✶✵✳✹✽✳✶✶✮ ❛♥❞ ✉♥❝♦♥q✉❡r❡❞ ✭áparājita ✶✳✶✶✳✷✱ ✸✳✶✷✳✹✱ ✽✳✸✽✳✷✱
✶✵✳✹✽✳✶✶✮✳
Indra ✐s ♥♦t t♦ ❜❡ ♦✉t♠❛t❝❤❡❞ ✭pariśak✮ ♦r s✉❜❞✉❡❞ ✭nikr
.
 ✸✶

✽✳✼✽✳✺✮❀ ❤❡ ✐s ♥♦t t♦ ❜❡ ✇❛r❞❡❞ ♦✛ ✭✽✳✾✷✳✽✮✱ ❤✐♥❞❡r❡❞ ✭✽✳✽✶✳✸✮✱ ♦❜✲

str✉❝t❡❞ ✭✽✳✻✻✳✷✱ ✽✳✽✽✳✸✮✱ ♦r r❡str❛✐♥❡❞ ✭✶✵✳✷✼✳✺✮❀ ❤❡ ✐s ✉♥❝❤❡❝❦❡❞
✭ávr
. ta ✽✳✸✷✳✶✽✱ ✽✳✸✸✳✻ ✽✳✸✸✳✶✵✮✳
❍❛✈✐♥❣ ✇❛②s t♦ ♣r❡✈❛✐❧ ✭sāsahı́ ✶✳✶✵✵✳✸✱ ✽✳✶✷✳✾✱ ✶✵✳✶✸✸✳✹✮✱ ❡s♣❡✲
❝✐❛❧❧② ✐♥ ❜❛tt❧❡s ✭✶✳✶✵✷✳✾✱ ✽✳✻✶✳✸✱ ✽✳✻✶✳✶✷✮✱ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ t♦ ♣r❡✈❛✐❧ ✭sáhyu
✻✳✶✽✳✶✷✮✱ ❤❡ ✐s ♣r❡✈❛✐❧✐♥❣ ✭sáhamāna ✷✳✷✶✳✷✱ ✻✳✶✽✳✶✱ ✶✵✳✶✵✸✳✺✮✳ ❍❡
✐s ♣r❡✈❛✐❧✐♥❣ ♦✈❡r ❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣ ✭viśvāsáh ✻✳✹✹✳✹✱ ✽✳✼✵✳✹✱ ✽✳✾✷✳✶✮✱ ♦✈❡r
✏t❤♦s❡ t❤❛t ❞r❛✇ t♦ t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s✑ ✭✻✳✹✻✳✻✱ ✽✳✶✳✷✱ ✽✳✷✶✳✶✵✮✱ ❛♥❞ ♦✈❡r
❞❡♠♦♥✐❝ tr✐❜❡s ✭✶✵✳✶✹✽✳✷✮❀ ❤❡ ✐s ♦✈❡r❝♦♠✐♥❣ t❤♦s❡ ✇❤♦ ✐♥t❡♥❞ t♦
❤✉rt ✭abhimātis
. áh ✶✵✳✹✼✳✸✱ ✶✵✳✶✵✹✳✼✮ ❍❡ ✐s ♣r❡✈❛✐❧✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❡✈❡r② ✇❛②
✭satrāsáh ✷✳✷✶✳✷✱ ✷✳✷✶✳✸✱ ✸✳✺✶✳✸✱ ✸✳✸✹✳✽✱ ✽✳✾✷✳✼✮✱ q✉✐❝❦❧② ✭turās
. áh
✺✳✹✵✳✹✱ ✶✵✳✺✺✳✽✮✱ ♦r ❜② ♣✉s❤✐♥❣ ❢♦r✇❛r❞ ✭✸✳✹✽✳✹✮✱ ❤❡ ✐s ♦✈❡r♣♦✇❡r✲
´rvat ✶✳✶✵✵✳✺✱ ✻✳✷✵✳✸✱
✐♥❣✱ ♦r ♣r❡ss✐♥❣ ❢♦rt❤✱ ✭tū turván.i ✶✳✺✻✳✸✱ ✹✳✷✵✳✶✱
✺✳✸✺✳✸✮✱ ❛♥❞ ✐rr❡s✐st✐❜❧❡ ✭ádhrigu ✽✳✼✵✳✶✮❀ t❤❡r❡ ✐s ♥♦t❤✐♥❣ t❤❛t ❥✉st
❜② ♥❛t✉r❡ ❦❡❡♣s ❤✐♠ ❜❛❝❦ ✭✹✳✷✵✳✼✮✳
✖✕

Indra ✐s ♠❛♥❧②✱ ♦r s✉✐t❛❜❧❡✲t♦✲♠❡♥✱ ✭nárya ✶✵✳✺✵✳✷✮✱ ✈❡r② ♠❛♥❧②✱

♦r ❤❡r♦✐❝✱ ✭suv´
ı̄ra ✻✳✶✼✳✶✸✱ ✻✳✹✺✳✻✱ ✻✳✹✼✳✷✻✮✱ ❛♥❞ ♠♦st ♠❛♥❧② ✭nŕ.tama
✸✳✹✾✳✷✱ ✹✳✷✷✳✷✱ ✽✳✷✹✳✶✵✱ ✶✵✳✽✾✳✶✮❀ ❤❡ ❤❛s ♠❛♥❧② str❡♥❣t❤ ✭paum
´ . sya
´n
✶✳✽✵✳✶✵✱ ✶✳✶✵✶✳✸✱ ✷✳✶✸✳✶✵✱ ✺✳✸✺✳✹✱ ❡t❝✳✮✱ ❛♥❞ ✐s ♠✐❣❤t② ✐♥ ✐t ✭mahā
paum
´ . sye ✶✳✺✻✳✸✮✱ ♣♦ss❡ss✐♥❣ ♦❢ t❤❡ ♠❛♥❧② ♣♦✇❡rs ✭vŕ..sn.yavant ✻✳✷✷✳✶✮✳
❍❡ ❤❛s ♠✉❝❤ ❝♦✉r❛❣❡ ✭tuvinr
. mn.á ✹✳✷✷✳✻✱ ✻✳✸✶✳✺✱ ✽✳✷✹✳✷✼✱ ✶✵✳✶✹✽✳✶✮✱
❛♥ ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥❝❡ ♦❢ ✐t ✭✷✳✶✷✳✶✮✳ ❍❡ ❤❛s ♠❛♥❧② ♠✐♥❞s❡t✱ ♦r ✐s ♠❛♥❧②
♠✐♥❞❡❞✱ ✭nr
. mán.as ✶✳✺✶✳✺✱ ✼✳✶✾✳✹✱ ✹✳✶✻✳✾✮✳
Indra ✐s str♦♥❣✱ ♦r ❡♥❡r❣❡t✐❝✱ ✭tavás ✺✳✸✸✳✶✱ ✻✳✶✼✳✽✱ ✼✳✷✹✳✸✱
✽✳✾✻✳✶✵✱ ❡t❝✳✱ túmra ✹✳✶✽✳✶✵✮✱ s❡❧❢✲str♦♥❣ ✭svátavas ✹✳✷✵✳✻✱ ✻✳✷✷✳✻✮
❧✐❦❡ ❛ ♠♦✉♥t❛✐♥✱ ✏t❤❡ ✐r♦♥ ♦♥❡✑ ✭āyasá ✶✵✳✾✻✳✽✮✳ ❍❡ ✐s str♦♥❣❡r
t❤❛♥ ♠❡r❡ str❡♥❣t❤ ✭tavásas távı̄yas ✻✳✷✵✳✸✮✱ ❡✈❡♥ ✐♥❥✉r✐❡s ❞♦ ♥♦t
❜❡♥❞ ❤✐♠ ✭✽✳✹✺✳✾✮✳
Indra ✐s ♠✐❣❤t② ✭mahát ✹✳✶✾✳✶✱ ✻✳✶✾✳✶✱ ✼✳✸✶✳✼✱ ✽✳✸✷✳✶✸✱ ❡t❝✳ mahá
✹✳✷✷✳✸✱ ✻✳✹✻✳✷✱ ✶✵✳✺✺✳✻✮✱ ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥t ✇✐t❤ ♠✐❣❤t ✭mahāmaha ✽✳✷✹✳✶✵✱
✽✳✸✸✳✶✺✱ ✽✳✹✻✳✶✵✮✱ ♣♦ss❡ss✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♠✐❣❤t ✭mahı́n ✼✳✸✶✳✶✶✮❀ ❤❡ ❝❛♥
❜❡ s✉❝❤ t❤r♦✉❣❤ ♣♦t❡♥t ❡♥❛❜❧✐♥❣ ♣♦✇❡rs ✭✽✳✷✳✸✷✱ ✽✳✶✻✳✼✮✱ t❤r♦✉❣❤
r✉s❤❡s ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r ❛♥❞ ❡①❛❧t✐♥❣ ✜ts ♦❢ ❢❡r✈♦r ✭✹✳✷✷✳✸✮✳ ❍❡ ❤❛s ✐♥❤❡r✲
❡♥t ♣♦✇❡r ✭✻✳✷✶✳✸✮✱ ❤❡ ✐s ❝❛♣❛❜❧❡ ✭śākı́n ✶✳✺✹✳✷✱ ✸✳✺✶✳✷✱ ✽✳✹✻✳✶✹✮❀ ❤❡
s❡✐③❡s ♣♦✇❡r❢✉❧❧② ❛♥❞ s❤✐❡❧❞s str♦♥❣❧② ✭✻✳✷✷✳✺✮✳ ❍❡ ✐s ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞
❜② ❡♥❛❜❧✐♥❣ ♣♦✇❡rs ✭śácı̄vat ✶✳✷✾✳✷✱ ✶✳✺✸✳✸✱ ✸✳✺✸✳✷✱ ❡t❝✳✮✳
❍❡ ❝❛♥ ❜❡ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥❡❞ ✇✐t❤ Soma ✭sómavr.ddha ✸✳✸✾✳✼✱ ✻✳✶✾✳✺✮✱
✇✐t❤ ❝❤❛♥ts ✭✶✳✶✶✳✶✮✱ ❜② r❡❝✐t✐♥❣ ❛♥❞ s✐♥❣✐♥❣✱ ✇✐t❤ ✜r❡ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣s✱ ❢♦r✲
♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥s✱ ❛♥❞ s♣❡❧❧s✱ ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥s✱ ❛♥❞ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❣❡st✉r❡s ✭✶✳✶✵✳✺✱
✻✳✶✼✳✸✱ ✻✳✷✶✳✷✱ ✶✵✳✼✸✳✷✱ ✻✳✷✸✳✺✱ ✸✳✺✷✳✻✱ ✻✳✷✸✳✻✮✳ ❍✐s ♠✐❣❤t ❝❛♥ ❜❡
✸✷ ❈❤❛r❛❝t❡r✐st✐❝s ♦❢ Indra
❛✉❣♠❡♥t❡❞ ✭✻✳✷✵✳✸✮✳ ❍❡ ♣♦ss❡ss❡s ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ str❡♥❣t❤ ✭sáhasvat
✷✳✶✸✳✶✶✮✱ ❛♥❞ ✐s ❜♦r♥ ♦❢ ✐t ✭sahoján ✶✵✳✶✵✸✳✺✮✳
Indra ✐s t❤❡ ♠♦st ✈✐❣♦r♦✉s ✭ójis..tha ✽✳✾✸✳✽✱ ✶✵✳✼✸✳✶✮✱ ❤✐s ✈✐❣♦✉r
✐s ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥t ✭bhū´ryojas ✶✵✳✶✷✵✳✷✮ ❛♥❞ ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ ✭abhı́bhūtyojas
✸✳✹✽✳✹✮❀ ❤❡ ✐s ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② ✈✐❣♦✉r ✭ójasvant ✽✳✼✻✳✺✮✳ ❍❡ ❣✐✈❡s
♠❡♥t❛❧ ❛♥❞ ❜♦❞✐❧② ❡♥❡r❣② ✭vayodhā´ ✸✳✸✶✳✶✽✱ váyas ✻✳✸✻✳✺✱ ✻✳✹✵✳✹✱
✻✳✹✺✳✷✱ ❡t❝✳✮ ❍❡ ♦❜t❛✐♥s tr❛♥s❢❡rr✐♥❣ ✐ts❡❧❢ ♦✈❡r ❜❛rr✐❡rs ❧✐❢❡✲❢♦r❝❡
✭ā´yus ✶✳✺✸✳✶✶✮✱ ❤❡ ❤✐♠s❡❧❢ ✐s t❤❛t ❢♦r❝❡ ✐♥s✐❞❡ deva✲s ❛♥❞ ♠♦rt❛❧s
✭✽✳✷✳✹✱ ✸✳✸✶✳✶✽✮✳ ■♥ ❛❞✈❡rs✐t②✱ ❤❡ ❝r❡❛t❡s ♦r ✜♥❞s ✇✐❞❡ ♠❡♥t❛❧ s♣❛❝❡
✭varivovı́d ✶✵✳✸✽✳✹✱ varivaskŕ.t ✽✳✶✻✳✻✱ lokakŕ.t ✶✵✳✶✸✸✳✶✮✳ ❍❡ ❣✐✈❡s
t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r ♦❢ ❞✐s❝❡r♥♠❡♥t ✭✽✳✷✹✳✶✹✮ ❛♥❞ ♣r❡s❡♥ts ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ♣❧❛♥s
✭✽✳✸✷✳✶✶✮✳
Indra ♣♦ss❡ss❡s t❤♦✉s❛♥❞✲❢♦❧❞ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r ✭vājı́n ✶✳✹✳✾✱ ✻✳✷✹✳✷✱
✽✳✷✳✸✽✱ ❡t❝✳✱ sahásravāja ✶✵✳✶✵✹✳✼✮✱ ❡♠♣❧♦②s ✐t ✭vājayánt ✻✳✻✵✳✶✱
✽✳✾✽✳✶✷✮✱ ❛♥❞ ✐s t❤❡ ♠❛st❡r✱ ♦r ♦✈❡rs❡❡r✱ ♦❢ ✐t ✭vā´jānām. páti ✶✳✷✾✳✷✱
✽✳✷✹✳✶✽✮✳ ❍❡ ✐s ❜❡st ❛t ♦❜t❛✐♥✐♥❣ ✐t ✭vājasā´tama ✸✳✶✷✳✹✮✱ s❡❡❦s t♦
♣r♦❝✉r❡ ✐t ✭✽✳✾✺✳✾✮✱ ❛♥❞ ✐s ❜❡st ❛t ❣✐✈✐♥❣ ✐t t♦ t❤❡ ♦♥❡ ✇❤♦ ❞❡s✐r❡s
✐t ✭✼✳✾✸✳✶✮ ✖ ❤❡ ❣r❛♥ts ✭vājasáni ✸✳✺✶✳✷✮✱ ♦r ❜❡st♦✇s ✭sanádvāja
✶✵✳✹✼✳✹✱ ✽✳✶✸✳✸✮✱ t❤❡ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r ✭vā´ja✮ t♦ ❤✐s ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡rs ✭✽✳✾✷✳✸✱
✽✳✶✸✳✸✱ ✻✳✸✻✳✶✮✳
Indra ❤❛s ❣❡♥✉✐♥❡ ❢❡r✈♦r✱ ♦r ③❡❛❧✱ ✭śús.ma ✶✳✺✼✳✶✱ ✶✵✳✹✹✳✸✱ ✶✵✳✶✶✷✳✶✵✮✱
♣❛rt✐❝✉❧❛r❧② ❢♦r ❛ ❜❛tt❧❡ ✭bhárāya śus.mı́n ✽✳✶✸✳✸✮❀ ✐t ✐s ❡♥❝♦✉r✲
❛❣❡❞ ❜② t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤ ✭✶✵✳✶✶✸✳✶✮✱ ❛♥❞ ✐s ✉♥r❡♣✉❧s❛❜❧❡
✭ápratis.kuta ✽✳✾✸✳✶✷✮✳ Indra ❤❛s ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥❝❡ ♦❢ ✐t ✭tuviśús.ma ✽✳✻✽✳✷✱
✷✳✷✷✳✶✱ ✻✳✻✽✳✷✮✳
❖♥❡ ♦❢ Indra✬s ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❡✛❡❝t✐♥❣ ❛ ❝❤❛♥❣❡ ✐s ❢r❡♥③② ✭ójas ✶✳✺✺✳✺✱
✶✳✺✼✳✺✱ ✶✳✽✵✳✶✺✱ ✷✳✷✷✳✹✱ ❡t❝✳✮✳ ❯s✐♥❣ ✐t Indra s❤❛tt❡rs ❛♥❣❡r ✭✽✳✹✳✺✮✱
✐s ✐♥ ❝❤❛r❣❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡ ✭✽✳✼✻✳✶✮✱ ✐♥ ❝❤❛r❣❡ ♦❢ ❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣ ✭✽✳✶✼✳✾✮✳
❍❡ ♣r♦♣s ✉♣ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ✭✶✵✳✶✺✸✳✸✮ ✇✐t❤ ✐t✱ ❛♥❞ ♣r❡❞♦♠✐♥❛t❡s
❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❡❞ ✭✶✵✳✶✺✸✳✺✮✳ ❍✐s ❢r❡♥③② ✐s ❞❛r✐♥❣ ✭✸✳✸✻✳✹✮ ❛♥❞
❤❡❧♣✐♥❣✲✐♥✲❞✐r❡✲str❛✐❣❤ts ✭✶✵✳✶✵✺✳✻✮✳
Indra ✐s ❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s ✭ugrá ✸✳✸✻✳✺✱ ✸✳✹✽✳✹✱ ✹✳✷✵✳✶✱ ✻✳✶✼✳✶✸✱ ❡t❝✳✮✱ ❛♥❞
✇❛s ❜♦r♥ ❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s ✭✶✵✳✼✸✳✶✮✳ ❍❡ ✐s ❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s ✇✐t❤ ❤✐s ❛r♠s ✭✹✳✷✷✳✷✮
❛♥❞ ❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s t❤r♦✉❣❤ ❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s ♣♦✇❡r✲t♦✲❝❤❛♥❣❡ ✭✽✳✶✳✷✶✮❀ ✐♥ ❡✈❡r②
❛❝t✐♦♥ ❤❡ ✐s ❧✐❦❡ ❛ str♦♥❣ ❛♥❞ ❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s ❜✉❧❧ ✭✶✵✳✷✽✳✼✮✳ ❍❡ ✐s t❤❡
✜❡r❝❡st ♦♥❡ ✭ójı̄yaṅs ✻✳✷✵✳✸✮✳ ❍❡ ✐s ❛❧s♦ t❡rr✐❢②✐♥❣✱ ♦r ❢❡❛rs♦♠❡✱
✭bhı̄má ✶✳✺✺✳✶✱ ✶✳✽✶✳✹✱ ✹✳✷✵✳✻✱ ✼✳✶✾✳✶✱ ✼✳✷✶✳✹✱ ❡t❝✳✮✳
✖✕

Indra ❣✉❛r❞s ❛♥❞ ♣r♦t❡❝ts ♠❡♥ ✭✶✳✶✼✹✳✶✱ ✹✳✶✼✳✶✾✱ ✹✳✷✵✳✶✱ ✻✳✹✼✳✶✸✱

✼✳✸✵✳✶✮✳ ❍❡ ✐s t❤❡ ♦♥❧② ♦♥❡ ❛♠♦♥❣ deva✲s ✇❤♦ ❞❡❢❡♥❞s ♠♦rt❛❧s
✭✼✳✷✸✳✺✮❀ ❤❡ ✐s ❛ ✇❛♥❞❡r✐♥❣ ♣r♦t❡❝t♦r ♦❢ tr♦♦♣s ✭✶✵✳✶✼✾✳✷✮✳ ❍❡ ✐s
 ✸✸

❛ str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞ ✭✽✳✽✵✳✼✮✱ ❤❡ ✐s ❛✛♦r❞✐♥❣ ❣♦♦❞ ♣r♦t❡❝t✐♦♥ ✭✹✳✶✼✳✶✾✱

✶✵✳✹✼✳✷✱ ✶✵✳✹✹✳✺✮✱ ❤❡ s❤✐❡❧❞s str♦♥❣❧② ✭tuvikūrmı́ ✻✳✷✷✳✺✱ ✽✳✷✳✸✵✱
✽✳✻✽✳✶✱ ❡t❝✳✮✳ ❍❡ ❝❛♥ ♣r♦t❡❝t ❢r♦♠ ❤❛tr❡❞✱ ❢r♦♠ ❛♥①✐❡t② ✭✶✵✳✷✹✳✸✮✱
❤❡ ❞❡❢❡♥❞s ❡♥❥♦②♠❡♥t ❛♥❞ t❤r✐✈✐♥❣ ✭✷✳✶✸✳✻✮❀ ❤❡ ✐s ❛❧s♦ t❤❡ ♣r♦t❡❝t♦r
♦❢ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ✭pátirdiváh
. ✽✳✶✸✳✽✱ ✽✳✾✽✳✹✱ ✶✵✳✶✶✶✳✸✮✳
Indra ❤❡❧♣s ✐♥ ❞✐r❡ str❛✐❣❤ts ✭.r.svá ✶✳✽✶✳✹✱ ✷✳✷✶✳✹✱ ✸✳✸✷✳✼✱ ✹✳✶✾✳✶✱
❡t❝✳✮✱ ❤❡ ✐s ❛ ❞❡❢❡♥❞❡r ✭trātŕ
. ✶✳✶✷✾✳✶✶✱ ✶✳✶✼✽✳✺✱ ✻✳✶✼✳✷✱ ❡t❝✳✮❀ ❛❧✲
t❤♦✉❣❤ ❛♠❛ss✐♥❣ ♦❜st❛❝❧❡s ❢♦r ❤✐♠s❡❧❢ ✭✽✳✶✺✳✶✶✮✱ ❤❡ ❝❛rr✐❡s ❤✐s ✇♦r✲
s❤✐♣❡rs ❛❝r♦ss ♦❜st❛❝❧❡s ✭tárutra ✶✳✶✼✹✳✶✱ ✷✳✶✶✳✶✻✱ ✸✳✸✵✳✸✱ ✻✳✷✻✳✷✱
❡t❝✳✮✱ ❤❡ ✐s ❛ ❞❡❧✐✈❡r❡r ✭tarutŕ
. ✽✳✹✻✳✾✱ ✽✳✼✵✳✶✮✳ Indra ♣r❛✐s❡s ❤✐s ✇♦r✲
s❤✐♣❡rs ❜② ❛ss✐st✐♥❣ t❤❡♠ ✭✼✳✶✾✳✶✶✮✱ ❤❡ ✐s ❜❡st ❛t ❛ss✐st✐♥❣ ✭śácis
. .tha
✽✳✻✻✳✶✹✮✱ t❤❡ ♠❛st❡r ♦❢ ♠✐❣❤t② ❛ss✐st❛♥❝❡ ✭śac´
ı̄patı́ ✽✳✻✷✳✽✱ ✹✳✸✵✳✶✼✱
✻✳✹✺✳✾✱ ✽✳✶✹✳✷✱ ❡t❝✳✮ ❛♥❞ ❛ ♠❛st❡r ♦❢ r❡✐♥❢♦r❝❡♠❡♥t ✭✽✳✺✾✳✺✮✱ ❤❡ ✐s
❛ ❤❡❧♣❡r ✭avitŕ
. ✻✳✹✼✳✶✶✱ ✶✳✽✶✳✽✱ ✽✳✹✻✳✶✸✱ ❡t❝✳✮ ✇❤♦ ✐s t♦ ❜❡ ❝❛❧❧❡❞
✉♣♦♥ ✏✐♥ s❤❛❧❧♦✇s✱ ❛♥❞ ✐♥ ❞❡♣t❤s✑ ✭✽✳✼✵✳✽✮❀ ❤✐s ❤❡❧♣ ❞♦❡s ♥♦t ❤♦❧❞
❜❛❝❦ t❤♦s❡ ✇❤♦ ❛r❡ ❧✐❦❡✲♠✐♥❞❡❞ t♦ ❤✐♠ ✭✼✳✷✼✳✹✮✳ ❍❡ ✐s ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛✲
♥✐❡❞ ❜② ❡♥❛❜❧✐♥❣ ♣♦✇❡rs ✭śácı̄vat ✶✳✷✾✳✷✱ ✶✳✺✸✳✸✱ ✽✳✷✳✸✾✱ ❡t❝✳✮ ❛♥❞ ✐s
❡♠♣♦✇❡r✐♥❣ ✭śakrá ✶✳✶✵✳✻✱ ✻✳✹✼✳✶✶✮✳ ❍❡ ❝❛♥ ❛❧s♦ ❜❡ ❞✐✣❝✉❧t t♦ ❡♥✲

. .tárı̄tu ✷✳✷✶✳✷✮✱ ♦♣♣r❡ss✐✈❡ ✭jyā´yaṅs ✸✳✸✽✳✺✱ ✹✳✸✵✳✶✮✱ ♦r ❡✈❡♥

❞✉r❡ ✭dus
❞❡♣r❡ss✐♥❣ ✭khidvas ✻✳✷✷✳✹✮✳
✖✕

Indra r❡s✐❞❡s ✐♥ t❤❡ ❜♦❞② ✭✻✳✷✷✳✷✮ ❛♥❞ ❢❛s❤✐♦♥s ✐t ❛❝❝♦r❞✐♥❣ t♦

❤✐s ✇✐s❤❡s ✭✸✳✹✽✳✹✮❀ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤ ❛❞❛♣t t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s
t♦ Indra✬s q✉❛❧✐t✐❡s ✭✶✵✳✶✶✶✳✺✮✳ ❍❡ ✐s str♦♥❣✲♥❡❝❦❡❞ ✭✽✳✻✹✳✼✮✱ ❢❛t✲
❜❡❧❧✐❡❞✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ str♦♥❣ ❛r♠s ✭✽✳✶✼✳✽✮✱ ❜r♦❛❞ ❢♦r❡❛r♠s✱ ❧❛r❣❡ ❛r♠s
✭✻✳✶✾✳✸✮✱ ❧❛r❣❡ ❤❛♥❞s ✭✽✳✽✶✳✶✮✳ ❍✐s ❤❛♥❞ ✐s ❧✐❦❡ ❛♥ ❛rr♦✇ ✭✶✵✳✶✵✸✳✷✮
✇❤❡♥ ✐t str✐❦❡s❀ ❤❡ ✐s ❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s ✇✐t❤ ❤✐s ❛r♠s ✭✹✳✷✷✳✷✱ ✽✳✻✶✳✶✵✮✳
❍❡ ♠✐❣❤t ❤❛✈❡ ❣♦❧❞❡♥ ❜❡❛r❞✱ ❣♦❧❞❡♥ ❤❛✐r ✭háriśmaśārur hárikeśah.
✶✵✳✾✻✳✽✮✱ ❛♥❞✱ ♣r♦❜❛❜❧②✱ ❣♦❧❞❡♥ ♠✉st❛❝❤❡ ✭háriśipra ✶✵✳✾✻✳✶✷✮✱ ❜✉t
´nara ✶✵✳✺✵✳✶✮✳
❤❡ ❜❡❧♦♥❣s t♦ ❡✈❡r② ♠❛♥ ✭viśvā
Indra ✐s ❛ ❞r✐✈❡r ♦❢ ✐♥♥❡r ✇❛t❡rs ✭✸✳✹✺✳✷✮ ❍❡ r❡❧❡❛s❡s t❤❡♠
✭✽✳✸✷✳✷✮✱ ✏❞✐❣s ♦✉t✑ ❝❤❛♥♥❡❧s ❢♦r t❤❡♠ ✭✹✳✶✾✳✷✮✱ ✏r❛✐♥s✑ t❤❡♠ ✉♣✲
✇❛r❞s ✭udvāvr
. .sān.á ✹✳✷✵✳✼✱ ✹✳✷✾✳✸✮✳ ❍❡ ♣✐❧❡s ✉♣ ♣✉❧s❛t✐♦♥s ♦❢ ❜❧♦♦❞
t❤r♦✉❣❤♦✉t t❤❡ ❜♦❞② ✭vipaścı́t ✶✳✹✳✹✱ ✽✳✾✽✳✶✱ ✽✳✶✸✳✶✵✮✳ ❍❡ ✐s ✐♥
❝❤❛r❣❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s ✭✹✳✶✻✳✶✶✮✱ ❤❡ ✐s t❤❡✐r ❞r✐✈❡r ✭✽✳✷✹✳✶✼✮✱
t❤❡② ❛r❡ ❞❡❛r t♦ ❤✐♠ ✭✸✳✹✶✳✽✮✳ ❍❡ ✐s ❛❜❧❡ t♦ r✐✈❛❧ ❛❧❧ s❡✈❡♥ ❝❛❦r❛s
✭✽✳✾✻✳✶✻✱ ✶✵✳✹✹✳✹✱ ✶✳✺✷✳✸✮ ❛♥❞ ♠❛❦❡ t❤❡♠ ❛❝❝❡♣t ❤✐♠ ✭✽✳✾✷✳✷✵✮✳
✖✕

❚♦✇❛r❞s ❤✐s ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡rs ❛♥❞ ❛❞❡♣ts Indra ✐s ❜❡♥❡✈♦❧❡♥t ✭sus.umna

✶✵✳✶✵✹✳✺✮✱ ❛❣r❡❡❛❜❧❡ ✭mandrá ✶✵✳✼✸✳✶✮✱ ❛♥❞ ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧ ✭✼✳✸✷✳✺✮❀ ❤✐s
✸✹ ❈❤❛r❛❝t❡r✐st✐❝s ♦❢ Indra
❜❡♥❡✈♦❧❡♥❝❡ ✐s ❤❡❧♣❢✉❧ ✭svabhis..tı́sumna ✻✳✷✵✳✽✮❀ ❤❡ ✐s t❤❡✐r ❤❡❧♣✲
❢✉❧ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥ ✭sákhi ✻✳✹✺✳✶✼✮ ❛♥❞ ♣r♦♠♦t❡r ✭avitŕ. ✹✳✸✶✳✸✮✳ ❍❡ ✐s
❝♦♠♣❛ss✐♦♥❛t❡ ✭sumr...dı̄ká ✻✳✹✼✳✶✷✱ ✶✵✳✶✸✶✳✻✮✱ ❛♥❞ s❤♦✇s ❝♦♠♣❛ss✐♦♥
✭mard.itŕ. ✶✳✽✹✳✶✾✱ ✽✳✻✻✳✶✸✮ t♦✇❛r❞s ✐♥✇❛r❞❧②✲❡①❝✐t❡❞ ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡rs✱ ❜✉t
❤❡ ✐s ❛ ❧❛❝❦✐♥❣ ♣✐t② ❤❡r♦ ✐♥ ❛ ❜❛tt❧❡ ✭adayóvı̄rá ✶✵✳✶✵✸✳✼✮✳ ❍❡ ❧✐s✲
t❡♥s ✇✐❧❧✐♥❣❧② t♦ t❤❡♠ ✭✶✳✶✼✽✳✹✱ ✹✳✶✻✳✶✻✮✱ ❤❡ ❤❛s ❡❛rs t❤❛t ❤❡❛r
✭✶✳✶✵✳✾✱ ✽✳✹✺✳✶✼✮❀ ❤❡ ❤❡❛rs s✉♠♠♦♥s ✭✽✳✶✷✳✷✸✮✱ ✐♥✈♦❝❛t✐♦♥s ✭✻✳✷✸✳✹✮✱
❛♥❞ sā´man✲s ✭✽✳✽✶✳✺✮✱ ❛♥❞ ✐s q✉✐❝❦ t♦ ❤❡❛r ✭śrútkarn.a ✼✳✸✷✳✺✮✳
Indra ✐s t❤❡ ♦✇♥❡r ♦❢ s✉❜st❛♥t✐❛❧ ✈❛st ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧ tr❡❛s✉r❡ ✭✹✳✷✶✳✹✱
✹✳✷✵✳✽✱ ✶✳✺✼✳✶✮ ❛♥❞ ✐s t❤❡ ♦♥❧② ♦♥❡ t♦ ❝♦♠♠❛♥❞ ✐t ✭✽✳✶✹✳✶✱ ✽✳✹✻✳✻✱
✽✳✺✸✳✶✱ ✶✵✳✹✸✳✸✮✳ ❍❡ ♣r♦❞✉❝❡s ✐t ✭✻✳✻✾✳✸✮✱ ✐♥❝r❡❛s❡s ✭✽✳✺✵✳✶✮ ❛♥❞
❡♠✐ts ✐t ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥t❧② ✭✽✳✹✻✳✶✼✮❀ ❤❡✱ ❜❡✐♥❣ ❛ ♣r✐♠♦r❞✐❛❧ ②♦❦❡♠❛t❡ ♦❢
tr❡❛s✉r❡s ✭✻✳✹✺✳✶✾✮✱ ❝❛rr✐❡s ✐t ❛❝r♦ss ✭✸✳✹✾✳✸✮✳ Indra ✐s t❤❡ ❣✐✈❡r ♦❢
t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡ ✭✽✳✹✻✳✷✮❀ ❤❡ ♣✉ts ✐t ✐♥t♦ ❤✐s ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡rs ✭✻✳✹✼✳✻✱ ✶✵✳✸✽✳✹✮✳
Indra ❤❛s t❤❡ ❢♦✉♥❞❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ tr❡❛s✉r❡s ✭✶✵✳✹✼✳✷✮ ❛♥❞ ❝♦♥tr♦❧s ❛❧❧
❡❛rt❤❧② ❜❡♥❡✜ts ✭✻✳✹✺✳✷✵✮❀ ❤❡ ❤❛s ✉♥t♦❧❞ ✇❡❛❧t❤ ✭✶✵✳✾✾✳✺✮✳ ❍❡ ❤❛s
♠❛♥② ❜❡♥❡✜ts ❛♥❞ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ❜♦✉♥t✐❡s ❢♦r ❤✐s ♣r❛✐s❡rs ✭✶✳✽✶✳✽✱ ✹✳✷✹✳✶✱
✻✳✷✷✳✹✱ ✽✳✸✷✳✶✶✱ ✽✳✸✹✳✼✮✳ ❍❡ ✐s ❛♥ ❛❜♦✉♥❞✐♥❣✲✐♥✲❣♦❧❞ s♣r✐♥❣ ✭✽✳✻✶✳✻✮✱
❛ ❢♦✉♥t❛✐♥ ♦❢ ❜❡♥❡✜ts ✭✷✳✶✻✳✼✮✳ ❍✐s ❜❡♥❡✜ts ❛r❡ ♥♦❜❧❡ ✭✽✳✸✽✳✼✮❀ s♦♠❡
♦❢ ❤✐s ❜❡♥❡✜ts ❛r❡ ❡✈✐❞❡♥t✱ s♦♠❡ ❛r❡ ❤✐❞❞❡♥ ✭✶✵✳✺✹✳✺✮✳ Indra ✐s t❤❡
♠❛st❡r ♦❢ ✇❤❛t✬s ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧ ✭✶✳✶✼✵✳✺✮ ❛♥❞ ♦✈❡rs❡❡r ♦❢ t❤❡ ❜❡♥❡✜t ♦❢
❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧ t❤✐♥❣s ✭vásūnām vásupati ✸✳✸✻✳✾✱ ✹✳✶✼✳✻✮✳ ❚♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤
Br.haspati ❤❡ ✐s ❝♦♠♠❛♥❞✐♥❣ ❝❡❧❡st✐❛❧ ❛♥❞ ❡❛rt❤❧② r✐❝❤❡s ✭✼✳✾✽✳✼✮✳
❍❡ ✐s ❡♥❞♦✇❡❞ ✇✐t❤ ✇❤❛t✬s ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧ ✭✶✵✳✹✷✳✷✮✱ ❦♥♦✇s ✇❤❛t✬s ❜❡♥✲
❡✜❝✐❛❧ ✭vasuvı́d ✽✳✻✶✳✺✱ ✶✵✳✹✷✳✸✮❀ ❤❡ ✐s ✜♥❞✐♥❣ ✐t ✭vidádvasu ✽✳✻✻✳✶✮✱
❛♥✐♠❛t✐♥❣ ✭vasūjū´ ✽✳✾✾✳✽✮✱ ❛♥❞ ❛rr❛♥❣✐♥❣ ✐t ✭✽✳✹✻✳✶✻✮❀ ❤❡ ✐s ✐♥
❝❤❛r❣❡ ♦❢ ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧ t❤✐♥❣s ✭✽✳✻✽✳✻✱ ✽✳✽✶✳✹✮✳
Indra ✐s ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ✭maghávan ✶✳✸✷✳✸✱ ✶✳✺✷✳✶✶✱ ✸✳✸✵✳✸✱ ✶✵✳✶✵✹✳✼✱
❡t❝✳✮✳ ❍❡ ✐s t❤❡ ♠♦st ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ✭mám . his..tha ✶✳✺✼✳✶✱ ✶✳✸✵✳✶✱ ✻✳✹✹✳✹✱
❡t❝✳✮ ❣✐✈❡r ♦❢ ❜❡♥❡✜ts ✭vasudā´ ✽✳✾✾✳✹✱ dātā´ vásūnām ✽✳✺✶✳✺✮✱ ❛ ❧✐❜✲
❡r❛❧ ✭sudā´nu ✻✳✸✽✳✶✱ ✽✳✽✽✳✷✮ ❣✐✈❡r ♦❢ ♠✉❝❤ ✭bhūridā´ ✹✳✸✷✳✶✾✱ ✹✳✸✷✳✷✶✮✱
❧✐❜❡r❛❧❧② ❣r❛♥t✐♥❣ ✇❤❛t✬s ❧♦✈❡❧② ❛♥❞ ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧ ✭✻✳✶✾✳✺✮✳ ❍❡ ✐s ❞❡✲
s✐r✐♥❣ t♦ ❣✐✈❡ ✭dı́tsant ✽✳✽✶✳✸✱ ✷✳✶✹✳✶✵✮ ❛♥❞ ✐s ✈❡r② ❤❡❧♣❢✉❧ ✭✻✳✷✶✳✶✵✮✱
❛♥ ✉♥❤❡s✐t❛t✐♥❣ ❣✐✈❡r ✭✹✳✸✶✳✼✮✳
❍❡ ✐s t❤❡ ♠♦st ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡ t♦ ❛ ♠♦rt❛❧ ♦♥ ❛ ❥♦✉r♥❡② ✭✹✳✷✹✳✷✮✳
❍❡ ❜❡st♦✇s ✉♥♠❡❛s✉r❡❞ ❜❡♥❡✜ts ✭✼✳✽✹✳✹✮ ❛♥❞ ✐s t♦ ❜❡ ❝❛❧❧❡❞ ✉♣♦♥ ✐♥
❡✈❡r② ❜❛tt❧❡ ✭✼✳✸✷✳✷✹✮✳ ❍❡ ✐s q✉✐❝❦ t♦ ❤❡❛r ❤✐s ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡r✬s r❡q✉❡sts
✭✼✳✸✷✳✺✮ ❛♥❞ ✐s ❡❛s② t♦ s✉♠♠♦♥ ✭✼✳✽✷✳✹✮❀ ✇❤❛t ♦♥❡ ❞❡s✐r❡s ♦❢ Indra✱
❤❡ ❝♦♠♠❛♥❞s t❤❛t ✭✽✳✹✺✳✻✮ ❛♥❞ ❜❡st♦✇s ✐t ✭✽✳✷✹✳✷✷✮❀ ❤❡ ❣✐✈❡s ❜♦✉♥✲
t✐❢✉❧❧② ✭✽✳✼✽✳✹✮ ❛♥❞ ❡♥❡r❣❡t✐❝❛❧❧② ✭✶✳✶✵✾✳✺✮✳ ❍❡ ❣✐✈❡s s♣♦✐❧s ✭✽✳✷✹✳✷✷✱
✻✳✶✾✳✺✮✱ ❞✐✈✐❞❡s ❛♥❞ ❞✐str✐❜✉t❡s ✇❡❛❧t❤ ✭radāvasu ✼✳✸✷✳✶✽✱ vibhájant
✶✳✶✵✸✳✻✮✳
 ✸✺

Indra ❤❛s ♠❛♥② ❣✐❢ts ✭✽✳✽✶✳✷✮ ❛♥❞ t❤❡② ❛r❡ ❛✉s♣✐❝✐♦✉s ✭✽✳✻✷✱
✽✳✾✾✳✹✮✳ ❖♥❡ ♦❢ ❤✐s ❣✐❢ts ✐s ❛ ♣❛rt✐❝✉❧❛r t②♣❡ ♦❢ ❜r❡❛t❤ ✭vásavāna
✶✳✶✼✹✳✶✱ ✺✳✸✸✳✻✱ ✽✳✾✾✳✽❀ ✽✳✸✷✳✶✷✮✳ ❆♥♦t❤❡r ✐s ❛ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r
✭✶✳✶✸✵✳✶✱ ✼✳✸✶✳✸✱ ✽✳✷✳✷✹✱ ✽✳✷✳✸✹✮✱ ❛♥♦t❤❡r ✖ ✐♥♥❡r ✇❛t❡rs ✭✽✳✼✵✳✶✷✮✳
Indra ❣✐✈❡s ♣❤②s✐❝❛❧ str❡♥❣t❤ ✭baladā´ ✸✳✺✸✳✶✽✮✱ ✐♥❢✉s❡s str❡♥❣t❤
✐♥t♦ ❛♥ ❛❝t✐♦♥ ✭✽✳✶✺✳✶✶❀ iná ✽✳✷✳✸✺✱ ✶✳✺✸✳✷✱ ✷✳✷✵✳✷✱ ❡t❝✳✮✱ ✐♥✈✐❣♦✲
r❛t✐♥❣ ❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣ ✭viśvaminvá ✼✳✷✽✳✶✱ viśvaujas
´ ✶✵✳✺✺✳✽✮✳ ❍❡ ✐s ❛♥
❛❧✇❛②s✲str❡♥❣t❤❡♥✐♥❣ ♦♥❡ ✭sadā´vr.dha ✽✳✻✽✳✺✱ ✺✳✸✻✳✸✱ ✽✳✷✹✳✶✻✮✱ ✐♥ ❤✐♠
✇♦rs❤✐♣❡rs ❣r♦✇ str♦♥❣❡r ✭✷✳✷✵✳✹✮✳ Indra ✐♥❝✐t❡s ❛♥❞ ❣✐✈❡s ♦✈❡r✲
✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ str❡♥❣t❤ ✭sahodā´ ✶✳✶✼✹✳✶✵✱ ✻✳✶✼✳✶✸❀ sūno sahasas ✻✳✶✽✳✶✶✱
✻✳✷✶✳✶✶❀ ✽✳✹✳✺✱ ✺✳✸✺✳✶✮✱ ❤❡ ✐s ❝✉❧t✐✈❛t❡❞ ❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ♦✈❡r✲
✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ str❡♥❣t❤ ✭sáhaskr.ta ✽✳✸✳✹✱ ✽✳✾✾✳✽✮✳ ❍❡ ♥♦✉r✐s❤❡s s✐♥❣❡rs
✭✻✳✷✶✳✽✮✱ ❣✐✈❡s ❧✐❜❛t✐♦♥s ✭✽✳✹✻✳✷✮✱ ❡t❝✳ ❚❤❡r❡ ✐s ♥♦ ♦❜str✉❝t✐♥❣ ❤✐s
❣✐❢ts ✭✽✳✽✽✳✻✮✳ Indra ❤❛s ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ♦r ❡✈❡♥ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞ ✭✽✳✸✷✳✶✽✮ ✇❛②s
♦r ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❤❡❧♣✐♥❣ ✭✽✳✾✾✳✽✱ ✽✳✷✳✷✷✱ ✽✳✷✳✷✻✱ ✽✳✸✹✳✼✱ ✻✳✷✷✳✺✱ ❡t❝✳✮✳ ❍❡
❧❡❛❞s ❜❡②♦♥❞ ❤❛tr❡❞s ✭✻✳✹✺✳✻✮✱ ❛♥❞ ❦❡❡♣s ❤♦st✐❧✐t② ❛♥❞ ❛♥①✐❡t② ❛✇❛②
❢r♦♠ ❤✐s ❛❞❡♣ts ✭✻✳✹✹✳✶✻✮✳ Indra ❡✛❡❝ts s✉♣♣♦rt ✭dharmakŕ.t ✽✳✾✽✳✶✮
❛♥❞ t✉r♥s ❛✇❛② ♦❜st❛❝❧❡s ✭✻✳✶✾✳✶✱ ✻✳✶✾✳✸✮✳ ❍❡ ❤❡❧♣s ❜② ❡♥❛❜❧✐♥❣
✭śā´kmanā śāká ✶✵✳✺✺✳✻✮✱ ❤❡ ✐s ❡♠♣♦✇❡r✐♥❣ ✭śakrá ✽✳✷✳✷✸✱ ✽✳✻✻✳✸✱
✽✳✻✾✳✶✹✮❀ ❤❡ r❡♥❞❡rs ♦♥❡ ❝♦♠♣❡t❡♥t ✭ı̄śānakŕ.t ✽✳✺✷✳✺✱ ✽✳✾✵✳✷✮❀ ❤✐s
s✐❞❡✲❡✛❡❝ts ✭ūtı́✮ ❞♦ ♥♦t t❛♣❡r ♦✛ ✭✻✳✷✹✳✶✱ ✻✳✹✺✳✸✮✳
Indra ❤❛s t❤❡ ♠♦st ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡ ✭śávis..tha ✽✳✾✵✳✹✱ ✽✳✹✵✳✷✱
✶✳✶✻✺✳✼✱ ✺✳✷✾✳✶✸✱ ✺✳✸✺✳✽✱ ❡t❝✳✮✱ ❤✐s ✐♠♣✉❧s❡ t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡ ❝❛♥ ♥♦t ❜❡ ❞❡✲
✜❡❞ ✭ápratidhr..s.taśavasa ✶✳✽✹✳✷✮ ✖ ❤❡ ✐s ❛ ♠❛st❡r ❛♥❞ ♦✈❡rs❡❡r ♦❢
✐t ✭śávasaspáti ✸✳✹✶✳✺✱ ✻✳✹✹✳✹✮✳ Indra ❝❤❛♥❣❡s ♣♦✇❡r❢✉❧❧② ✭śavasāná
✽✳✹✻✳✻✱ ✽✳✷✳✷✷✮✳ ❍❡ ♣✉ts ❧✐❣❤t ✐♥t♦ t❤❡ s✉♥ ✭✻✳✹✹✳✷✸✮✱ ❜❡❣❡ts t❤❡ ❙✉♥
❛♥❞ t❤❡ ❉❛✇♥ ✭✸✳✸✷✳✽✮✱ ✐♠♣r❡❣♥❛t❡s t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥✱ t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤✱ ❛♥❞
st❛❧❡ str❡❛♠s ✭✻✳✹✹✳✷✶✮✱ ❡t❝✳
✖✕

Indra r❡❛❧❧② ❢❛✈♦rs t❤♦s❡ ✇❤♦ ❤♦♥♦r ❤✐♠ ✭✽✳✷✳✸✻✮✱ ✇❤♦ ❛r❡ ✇✐t❤
❛♥ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣ ✭✽✳✸✷✳✶✽✮✳ ❍❡ ❣✐✈❡s t♦ ❤✐s ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡rs s❛t✐s❢❛❝t✐♦♥ ♦❢
t❤❡✐r ❞❡s✐r❡s ✭✽✳✾✵✳✷✱ ✺✳✽✻✳✹✱ ✸✳✺✵✳✶✮✱ ❛♥❞ ❤✐s s❛t✐s❢❛❝t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ♦♥❡✬s
❞❡s✐r❡ ✐s r❡❛❧ ✭satyárādhas ✹✳✷✹✳✷✱ ✹✳✷✾✳✶✱ ✼✳✸✶✳✷✮✳ Indra ❣✐✈❡s ❢r✐❡♥❞s
✭✶✳✶✼✵✳✺✮✱ ❛♥❞ ❝r❡❛t❡s ❧✐♥❡❛❣❡s ♦❢ ✇❛rr✐♦rs ✭✸✳✸✾✳✹✮✳
Indra ✐s ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ♦r ❛tt❡♥❞❡❞ ❜② ❛ tr♦♦♣ ♦❢ Marut✲s ✭marútvant
✽✳✼✻✳✶✱ ✽✳✼✻✳✺✱ ✶✳✶✵✶✳✶✱ ❡t❝✳✱ marudgan.a ✽✳✽✾✳✷✮ ❛♥❞ ❛❝ts ✐♥ ❤❛r✲
♠♦♥② ✇✐t❤ t❤❡♠ ✭✸✳✹✼✳✷✮✳ ❍❡ ❛❧s♦ ♠✐❣❤t ❜❡ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜②
deva✲s ✭devávant ✶✵✳✹✼✳✸✮✳ ❚♦ ❤✐s ❛❞❡♣ts✱ Indra ✐s ❛ ❞❡str♦②✐♥❣✲
r❡❛❝t✐✈❡✲✐♠♣✉❧s✐✈❡♥❡ss ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥ ✭śivá ✷✳✷✵✳✸✱ ✻✳✹✺✳✶✼✱ ✼✳✶✾✳✶✵✱
✽✳✹✳✶✽✱ ✽✳✻✸✳✹✱ ✽✳✾✸✳✸✮✱ ❛♥ ✐♥s♣✐r✐♥❣ t♦✲❜❡✲♣r❛✐s❡❞✲✐♥✲✈❡rs❡s ❝♦♠♣❛♥✲
✐♦♥ ✭sákhi ✻✳✹✺✳✶✾✱ ✹✳✶✼✳✶✼✱ ✽✳✼✵✳✽✱ ❡t❝✳✮✱ ❛ ❜❡❛r✐♥❣ ❢✉❧❧♥❡ss ②♦❦❡♠❛t❡
✸✻ ❈❤❛r❛❝t❡r✐st✐❝s ♦❢ Indra
✭yuj ✼✳✸✷✳✷✵✱ ✶✳✶✵✷✳✹✱ ❡t❝✳✮ ✇✐t❤ ♠❡❛♥s t♦ ❤❡❧♣✳ ❍❡ ✐s ❛ ♣r♦♠♦t❡r
❛♥❞ ❛ ❤❡❧♣❡r ♦❢ ❤✐s ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s ✭✹✳✸✶✳✸✱ ✽✳✾✻✳✷✶✮❀ ❤✐s ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥ ✐s
♥❡✐t❤❡r s❧❛②❡❞✱ ♥♦r ❡✈❡r ♦✈❡r♣♦✇❡r❡❞ ✭✶✵✳✶✺✷✳✶✮✳ Indra ✐s ✈❡r② s❡❧❡❝✲
t✐✈❡ ✭śiprı́n✮ ✇❤♦s❡ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥ ❤❡ ❜❡❝♦♠❡s ✭✶✳✸✵✳✶✶✱ ✶✳✽✶✳✹✱ ✷✳✶✷✳✻✱
✸✳✸✻✳✶✵✱ ✻✳✹✹✳✶✹✱ ✼✳✷✺✳✸✱ ✽✳✶✳✷✼✱ ✽✳✸✸✳✼✱❡t❝✳✮✳ ❍❡ ❛✈♦✐❞s ♥♦♥✲♣r❡ss✐♥❣✲
Soma ♠❛♥ ✭✺✳✸✹✳✺✱ ✹✳✷✺✳✼✱ ✶✵✳✹✷✳✹✮✱ s♦♠❡♦♥❡ ❡♥✈✐♦✉s ✭✶✳✶✷✾✳✸✮✱
❛ ✇❡❛❧t❤② ♥✐❣❣❛r❞ ✭✹✳✷✺✳✼✮✱ ♦r s♦♠❡♦♥❡ ✇❤♦ ❣r❡✇ ❜✐❣ ✇✐t❤ s❡❧❢✲
✐♠♣♦rt❛♥❝❡ ✭✻✳✹✼✳✶✻✮❀ ❤❡ ✐s ❛ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❡♥t❤✉s✐❛sts ✭✽✳✶✼✳✶✹✮✱
♦❢ t❤♦s❡ ✇❤♦ ♣r❡ss Soma ✭✽✳✸✷✳✶✸✱ ✺✳✸✹✳✺✱ ✶✵✳✹✷✳✹✮✱ ♦❢ ❡①t♦❧❧✐♥❣ ❤✐♠
♠❡♥ ✭✻✳✹✺✳✶✼✮✳ ❍❡ ❢❛✈♦✉rs ❧♦♥❡rs ✖ ❡✈❡♥ t✇♦ ♠❡♥ ✇❤♦ ♠♦✉♥t❡❞
t❤❡ s❛♠❡ ❝❤❛r✐♦t ❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥ ❤✐♠ s❡♣❛r❛t❡❧② ✭✷✳✶✷✳✽✮✳ ■❢ ❛♥ ❛❞❡♣t ❞♦❡s
♥♦t ♣❡r❢♦r♠ ❤❡r♦✐❝ ❞❡❡❞s ❢♦r ❛ ❧♦♥❣ t✐♠❡✱ Indra ♣❛ss❡s t♦ ❛♥♦t❤❡r
✭✻✳✹✼✳✶✼✮✳
Indra ✐s ❛ ❧♦♥❡❧② deva ✭✶✵✳✶✵✹✳✾✮✱ ❛♥❞ ❞♦❡s ♥♦t ✇✐s❤ ✏t♦ ❣❛✐♥ ❛
❢♦♦t✐♥❣✑ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ✜✈❡ ♦r t❡♥ ♦t❤❡r deva✲s ✭✺✳✸✹✳✺✮✳ ❍❡ ❤❛s ♥♦
❜r♦t❤❡rs✲✐♥✲❛r♠s ✭abhrātr
. vyá✮ ❛♥❞ ♥♦ ❛❧❧✐❡s ✭ánāpi ✽✳✷✶✳✶✸✮❀ ❤❡ ✐s
❛♥ ♦✉t❝❛st ✭parāvŕ
. j ✷✳✶✺✳✼✮✱ ❤❡ ✐s ❢♦r❡✈❡r ✇✐t❤♦✉t ❛ ♥❡st ✭✶✵✳✺✺✳✻✮✳
✖✕

Indra ✐s ❛ ♠✉❝❤✲✐♥✈♦❦❡❞ ♦♥❡ ✭puruhūtá ✻✳✷✷✳✹✱ ✶✳✺✶✳✶✱ ✶✳✻✸✳✷✱

❡t❝✳✮❀ ❤❡ ❤❛s t♦ ❜❡ s✉♠♠♦♥❡❞ ♦r ❝❛❧❧❡❞ ✉♣♦♥ ✭hávya ✶✳✸✸✳✷✱ ✻✳✷✶✳✶✱
✼✳✸✵✳✷✱ ✽✳✾✻✳✷✵✱ ❡t❝✳❀ hve ✶✵✳✺✹✳✶✮ ✐♥ t✐♠❡s ♦❢ ♣❡❛❝❡ ❛♥❞ ✐♥ t✐♠❡s
♦❢ ✇❛r ✭✶✵✳✽✾✳✶✵✮✳ ■t ✐s ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦♠ t❤♦s❡ ✇❤♦ ❛r❡ s✉rr♦✉♥❞❡❞ ✐♥
❛ ❝♦♠❜❛t ❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥ ✭✹✳✹✷✳✺✮❀ ❤❡ ✐s ❝❛❧❧❡❞ ✉♣♦♥ ❜② t❤♦s❡ ✇❤♦ ❛r❡
❢❡✇✱ ❛♥❞ t❤♦s❡ ✇❤♦ ❛r❡ ♠❛♥② ✭✶✵✳✸✽✳✹✮✳ ❍❡ ✐s t♦ ❜❡ ✐♠♣❧♦r❡❞ ✭´
ı̄d.ya
✹✳✷✹✳✷✱ ✽✳✸✹✳✽✮ ❛♥❞ ✐s ✈❡r②✲✇❡❧❝♦♠❡❞ ✭purugūrtá ✻✳✸✹✳✷✮ ✖ s❡❡❦✐♥❣
❤❡❧♣ ❡❛rt❤❧✐♥❣s ❞❡s✐r❡ t♦ ♣❛rt❛❦❡ ❤✐s ♥❛t✉r❡ ✭✼✳✸✷✳✶✼✮✳
Indra ✐s s♦✉❣❤t ✇✐t❤ ✈❡rs❡s ✭.ŕcı̄s
. ama ✽✳✻✽✳✻✱ ✽✳✾✵✳✶✱ ✽✳✾✷✳✾✱
✶✵✳✷✷✳✷✱ ❡t❝✳✮ ❛♥❞ ✐s ❝♦♥✈❡②❡❞ ✇✐t❤ ✈❡rs❡s ✭ukthávāhas ✽✳✾✻✳✶✶✮✳
❍❡ ✐s ❞❡❧✐❣❤t❡❞ ❜② r❡❝✐t❡❞ ✈❡rs❡s ✭✽✳✶✻✳✷✮✱ ❛♥❞ q✉✐✈❡rs ✇✐t❤ Gāyatrı̄
✈❡rs❡s ✭✽✳✶✳✶✵✮✳ ❍❡ ✐s ❝❧❡❛♥s❡❞ ❛♥❞ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥❡❞ ❜② ❢❛✉❧t❧❡ss r❡✲
❝✐t❡❞ ✈❡rs❡s ❛♥❞ sāman✲s ✭✽✳✾✺✳✼✮✳ ❍❡ ✐s ❛❧s♦ ❝♦♥✈❡②❡❞ ❜② ❝❤❛♥ts
✭gı́rvāhas ✶✳✸✵✳✺✱ ✶✳✻✶✳✹✱ ✻✳✷✶✳✷✱ ✽✳✾✻✳✶✵✱ ❡t❝✳✮ ❛♥❞ ❧♦♥❣s ❢♦r t❤❡♠
✭gı́rvan
. as ✻✳✸✷✳✹✱ ✻✳✸✹✳✸✱ ✺✳✽✻✳✹✱ ✽✳✷✳✷✼✱ ❡t❝✳✮✳
Indra ✐s ❝♦♥✈❡②❡❞ ❛♥❞ ✐♠♣❡❧❧❡❞ ❜② ❛ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥ ✭bráhmavāhas
✶✳✶✵✶✳✾✱ ✸✳✹✶✳✸✱ ✺✳✸✾✳✺✱ ❡t❝✳❀ bráhmajūta ✸✳✸✹✳✶✱ ✼✳✶✾✳✶✶✮✱ ❛♥❞ ✐s ❜❡st
❝♦♥✈❡②❡❞ ❜② ❛ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥ ✭bráhmavāhastama ✻✳✹✺✳✶✾✮✳ ❍❡ ✐s ❛❧s♦
❛ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t♦r ❤✐♠s❡❧❢ ✭brahmán ✻✳✹✺✳✼✱ ✽✳✶✻✳✼✮✳
✖✕

Indra ❧♦♥❣s ❢♦r ❢❛♠❡ ✭śrávaskāma ✽✳✷✳✸✽✮ ✖ ❛♥❞ ✐s ❢❛♠❡❞ ❛❜♦✈❡

❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣ ✭✽✳✷✳✸✹✮✱ ❢❛♠❡❞ ❜② s❡❡rs ✭✶✵✳✹✼✳✸✮ ❢r♦♠ ❛♥❝✐❡♥t t✐♠❡s
 ✸✼
✭sánaśruta ✸✳✺✷✳✹✱ ✽✳✾✷✳✷✮✳ ❍❡ ✐s ❤❡❛r❞✲♦❢✲❢❛r✲❛♥❞✲✇✐❞❡ ✭vı́śruta
✶✳✺✷✳✶✶✱ ✶✳✻✷✳✶✮✱ ❢❛♠❡❞ ✭śrutá ✶✳✻✳✻✱ ✶✳✺✸✳✾✱ ✷✳✶✹✳✽✱ ✸✳✹✻✳✶✱ ❡t❝✳✮✱
❢❛♠♦✉s ✭śrútya ✽✳✹✻✳✶✹✮✱ ♠❛❞❡ ❢❛♠♦✉s ✇✐t❤ s♦♥❣s ✭gātháśravas
✽✳✷✳✸✽✮✳ ❍❡ ✐s ❛ttr❛❝t✐♥❣ ❛❞♠✐r❛t✐♦♥ ✭panasyú ✽✳✾✽✳✶✮ ❛♥❞ ❝❛✉s✐♥❣✲
❥♦② ✭ranakr.t ✶✵✳✶✶✷✳✶✵✮ ✐♥ ❤✐s ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡rs✳ ❍❡ ✐s ❡st❡❡♠❡❞ ✭yaśás
✽✳✾✵✳✺✱ .✽✳✻✶✳✺✮ ❜② t❤❡♠ ❛♥❞ ❜② ♣❡♦♣❧❡ ✐♥ ❣❡♥❡r❛❧ ✭✺✳✸✷✳✶✶✮✳
❍❡ ✐s t♦ ❜❡ ♣r❡❢❡rr❡❞ ✭váren.ya ✸✳✸✹✳✽✱ ✽✳✻✶✳✶✺✱ ✶✵✳✶✶✸✳✷✮ t♦ ❛❧❧
♦t❤❡rs❀ ❤✐s ❛❞❡♣ts ❤❛s ♥♦t ❢♦✉♥❞ ❛♥②♦♥❡ ♠♦r❡ ✇♦rt❤② t❤❛♥ ❤✐♠
✭yaśástara ✽✳✷✳✷✷✮✳ ❋♦r t❤❡♠✱ ❤❡ ✐s ✇♦rt❤②✲❜②✲❤✐♠s❡❧❢ ✭sváyaśas
✼✳✷✷✳✺✱ ✶✵✳✹✾✳✶✶✮✱ t❤❡ ♠♦st ✇♦rt❤②✲❜②✲❤✐♠s❡❧❢ ♦♥❡ ✭sváyaśastara
✸✳✹✺✳✺✮✳ ❖❜t❛✐♥♠❡♥t ♦❢ ❤✐♠ ✐s ❞❡s✐r❛❜❧❡ ✭✶✵✳✶✵✺✳✶✮✱ ♦❢ ❛❧❧ t♦✲❜❡✲
♦❜t❛✐♥❡❞ ♦♥❡s ❤❡ ✐s t❤❡ ♦♥❡ t♦✲❜❡✲♦❜t❛✐♥❡❞ ✭✶✵✳✶✷✵✳✻✮❀ ❤❡ ❞r❛✇s
❡✈❡r②♦♥❡ t♦✇❛r❞s ❤✐♠s❡❧❢ ✭✶✵✳✺✵✳✹✮ ✖ ❤✐s ❛❞❡♣t ❧♦♥❣s ❢♦r ❤✐♠ ❛s ❛
②♦✉♥❣ ♠❛♥ ❧♦♥❣s ❢♦r ❛ ♠❛✐❞❡♥ ✭✹✳✷✵✳✺✮✳
Indra ✐s ✇♦rt❤② ♦❢ ✇♦rs❤✐♣ ✭yajatá ✷✳✶✹✳✶✵✱ ✷✳✶✻✳✹✱ ✷✳✷✶✳✶✱
✶✵✳✾✾✳✶✶✮✱ ✇♦rt❤② ♦❢ ❛ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡ ✭yajñı́ya ✸✳✸✷✳✼✱ ✻✳✹✼✳✶✸✱ ✽✳✾✼✳✶✸✱
✶✵✳✶✸✶✳✼✱ ❡t❝✳✮✱ t❤❡ ❢♦r❡♠♦st ♦♥❡ ♦❢ ✇♦rt❤②✲♦❢✲s❛❝r✐✜❝❡ ♦♥❡s ✭✻✳✹✶✳✶✱
✽✳✾✻✳✹✮✳ ❍❡ ✐s ✇♦rt❤② t♦ ❜❡ ♣r❛✐s❡❞ t♦ ♠❡♥ ✇✐t❤ ✈❡rs❡s ✭✻✳✷✹✳✶✮✳
❍❡ ✐s ♣r❛✐s❡✇♦rt❤② ✭śám.sya ✶✵✳✹✼✳✷❀ stus.éyya ✶✵✳✶✷✵✳✻✮ ❛♥❞ ❤✐❣❤❧②
♣r❛✐s❡❞ ✭sús..tuta ✶✳✶✷✾✳✶✶✱ ✶✳✶✼✼✳✺✱ ✹✳✷✹✳✷✱ ✽✳✻✳✶✷❀ sus..tú ✶✵✳✶✵✹✳✺✮✱
♦r ♠❡♥t✐♦♥❡❞ ✇✐t❤ ♣r❛✐s❡ ✭✶✵✳✺✵✳✷✮✳
❚❤❡ st❛t❡ ♦❢ Indra ✐s ❢♦r ❛tt❛✐♥✐♥❣ ❢❛♠❡ ✭✶✳✺✼✳✸✮✱ ❤❡ ✐s ❛♥ ✐♥❝✐t❡r
t♦ ❢❛♠❡ ✭✶✳✶✵✸✳✹✮✳ ❋❛♠❡ ♦❢ ❛♥ Indra ❛❞❡♣t st❛♥❞s ♦✉t ❛♠♦♥❣ tr✐❜❡s
✭✶✳✶✵✷✳✼✮✳
▼❛♥✐❢❡st✐♥❣ Indra
Indra ❝❛♥ ❜❡ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❡❞✱ ♦r ❜♦r♥✱ ✐♥ ♠❛♥② ❞✐✛❡r❡♥t ✇❛②s✱ ❜✉t
❛♥② ♠❡t❤♦❞✱ ❞❡s♣✐t❡ t❤❡ ❞❡s✐r❡ t♦ ♠❛❦❡ ✐t ❡❛s②✶ ✱ s❡❡♠s t♦ r❡q✉✐r❡
s❦✐❧❧s ✷ ✱ ❛♥❞ ❡✛♦rts ✸ ✱ ♦r ❡✈❡♥ ❡①❡rt✐♦♥✹ ♦♥ t❤❡ ♣❛rt ♦❢ ❤✐s ❝r❡❛t♦r✺ ✱
❛❧t❤♦✉❣❤✱ ❜❡✐♥❣ ❛ deva✻ ✱ Indra ✉❧t✐♠❛t❡❧② ❝♦♠❡s ✐♥t♦ ❜❡✐♥❣✱ ♦r ❜❡✲
❝♦♠❡s ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❡❞✱ ❜② ❤✐♠s❡❧❢ ✼ ✳
❚❤❡ s❡q✉❡♥❝❡ ♦❢ ❡✈❡♥ts r❡❧❛t❡❞ t♦ Indra ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❛t✐♦♥ s❡❡♠s t♦ ❜❡
t❤❡ ❢♦❧❧♦✇✐♥❣✿
✜rst✱ ❛♥ ❡♠❜r②♦ ♦❢ Indra s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡ ❡♥❣❡♥❞❡r❡❞ ❜② ❛♥❞ ✐♥ ❤✐s
✐♥✈♦❦❡r✭s✮✴s❛❝r✐✜❝❡r✭s✮✽ ✱ ♦r ✐♥✢❛♠❡❞✾ ✱ ♦r ❝♦♥✈❡②❡❞✶✵ ❀
♥❡①t✱ ❛❢t❡r ❜❡✐♥❣ ❢♦r♠❡❞ ❛♥❞ s❤❛♣❡❞✶✶ ✱
❤❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡ ❜♦r♥ ❜② ♣❛r❡♥ts ✶✷ ❀
t❤❡♥✱ Indra s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡ r❛✐s❡❞✶✸ ♦r r❛✐s❡ ❤✐♠s❡❧❢ ✭❣♦ ✉♣✇❛r❞s✮✶✹ ❀
✶ ✶✵✳✹✹✳✷ ❈♦♠✐♥❣ ❤✐t❤❡r✇❛r❞✱ ❥♦✉r♥❡② ❤❡r❡ q✉✐❝❦❧② ✳✳✳ ❛❧♦♥❣ ❛♥ ❡❛s② ♣❛t❤✇❛②✦
✷ ✹✳✶✼✳✹ t❤❡ ❝r❡❛t♦r ♦❢ Indra ✇❤♦ ♣r♦❞✉❝❡❞ ❤✐♠ ❬t♦ ❜❡❪ r♦❛r✐♥❣✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❣♦♦❞
t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✱ ✳✳✳ ♥♦t t♦ ❜❡ ❜✉❞❣❡❞✱ s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ ❜❡❡♥ ♠♦st s❦✐❧❧❢✉❧✳
✽✳✹✵✳✾ ▼❛♥② ❬❛r❡❪ ❝✉❡s ❢♦r t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❛♥❞ ♠❛♥② ❬❛r❡❪ ❝♦♠♣❡t❡♥❝✐❡s ✳✳✳
✸ ✸✳✸✼✳✷ ▲❡t t❤♦s❡ ✇❤♦ ♠❛❦❡ t❤❡ ❡✛♦rt ♠❛❦❡ t❤② ♠✐♥❞ ❛♥❞ ❣❛③❡ t✉r♥❡❞
t♦✇❛r❞s ✇❤❛t✬s ❣♦♦❞ ✳✳✳
✹ ✷✳✶✷✳✶✹ ✇❤♦ ❬❢❛✈♦✉rs❪ ❬❤✐♠ ✇❤♦❪ ✇✐t❤ ❬❤✐s❪ ❤❡❧♣ ❬✐s❪ ❡①❡rt✐♥❣ ❤✐♠s❡❧❢
✺ ✽✳✼✽✳✹ ❬❚❤❡r❡ ✐s❪ ♥♦ ❡❛s✐❧② ❣❛✐♥✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡❡❪ ✳✳✳
✻ ✹✳✷✷✳✸ ❚❤❡ deva✱ ✳✳✱ ❜❡✐♥❣ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❡❞ ❛s t❤❡ ♠♦st ❞✐✈✐♥❡ ✳✳✳
✼ ✺✳✸✵✳✺ ❲❤❡♥ t❤♦✉✱ t❤❡ ✉❧t✐♠❛t❡ ♦♥❡✱ ❤❛✈❡ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❡❞ t❤②s❡❧❢✳✳✳
✽ ✶✵✳✾✾✳✼ ❤❡ ✳✳✱ ♥♦❜❧② ❡♥❣❡♥❞❡r❡❞ ❜② ✉s✱✳✳❀
✸✳✸✷✳✶✹ ❲❤❡♥ t❤❡ ❡✛♦rt t♦ ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❡ ❤❛s ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❝♦♥t❛✐♥❡❞ ✐♥ ♠❡✱ ✐t ♣r♦✲
❞✉❝❡❞ ❬❤✐♠❪✳
✶✳✽✶✳✶ ❤❡ ✇❛s ❝♦♥t❛✐♥❡❞ ✐♥ ✉s ♣r✐♦r t♦ r✉s❤❡s ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r
✾ ✶✳✽✶✳✽ ❉♦ ✐♥✢❛♠❡ t❤②s❡❧❢ ✳✳✳
✺✳✸✵✳✶✸ P✉♥❣❡♥t✱ ♣r❡ss❡❞ ♦✉t ❬❞r♦♣s ♦❢ Soma❪ ✐♥✢❛♠❡❞ Indra
✶✵ ✶✳✶✵✶✳✾ ✇❤♦ ✐s ❝♦♥✈❡②❡❞ ❜② ❛ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥
✽✳✷✳✸✵ ❝♦♥✈❡②❡❞ ❜② ❝❤❛♥ts
✶✵✳✹✹✳✸ ❍❡r❡ ❬❛r❡❪ ✈✐♦❧❡♥t ✐♥✲❝♦♥tr♦❧ ❬Marut✲s❪ ❝♦♥✈❡②✐♥❣ Indra
✶✵✳✷✾✳✸ ❲❤✐❝❤ ❝♦♥✈❡②✐♥❣ ❬✇♦✉❧❞ ❜r✐♥❣ t❤❡❡❪ ❤✐t❤❡r✱ t♦✇❛r❞s ♠❡✱ ❬✇❤❛t❪
❝♦♥❝❡♣t✐♦♥❄
✶✶ ✻✳✶✾✳✶ ❤❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ❤❡❧♣ ♦❢ ❬❤✐s❪ ♠❛❦❡rs ✇❡❧❧ ❢♦r♠❡❞✱ ❬❛♥❞❪ ✇✐❞❡
s♣r❡❛❞✐♥❣✳
✶✳✶✸✵✳✻ ❢♦r ❜❡♥❡✈♦❧❡♥t st❛t❡ ♦❢ ♠✐♥❞ t❤❡② ❢❛s❤✐♦♥❡❞ t❤❡❡
✶✷ ✶✵✳✷✼✳✶✹ ❚❤❡ ♠♦t❤❡r ❤❛✈❡ t❛❦❡♥ ✉♣ ❛ ♣♦s✐t✐♦♥✳ ▲❡t ❧♦♦s❡✱ t❤❡ ❡♠❜r②♦ ❝♦♥✲
s✉♠❡s ❬❜❡✐♥❣✲❛❜s♦r❜❡❞✲✐♥t♦✲t❤❡✲❜♦❞② Soma❪✳ ▲✐❝❦✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❝❛❧❢ ♦❢ ❛♥♦t❤❡r✱
s❤❡ ❤❛s ♠❡t❡❞ ❬❤✐♠❪ ♦✉t✳
✹✳✶✼✳✹ ❚❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ✐s t❤♦✉❣❤t t♦ ❜❡ t❤② ✈❡r② ♠❛♥❧② ♣r♦❣❡♥✐t♦r❀
✹✳✶✼✳✶✷ ❍♦✇ ♠✉❝❤✱ ❞♦ ②♦✉ t❤✐♥❦✱ Indra ❧❡❛r♥❡❞ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ♠♦t❤❡r✱ ❤♦✇ ♠✉❝❤
❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ❢❛t❤❡r✱ ❢r♦♠ ♣r♦❣❡♥✐t♦r ✇❤♦ ♣r♦❞✉❝❡❞ ❬❤✐♠❪✱ ✇❤♦ r❛✐s❡s ❤✐s ❢❡r✈♦r
✐♥st❛♥t❧②❄
✶✸ ✶✳✶✸✵✳✷ ▲❡t t❤❡♠ r❛✐s❡ t❤❡❡ ❧✐❦❡ ❜❛② ♠❛r❡s ❬r❛✐s❡❪ t❤❡ s✉♥✱✳✳
✽✳✷✶✳✹ ❙✐♥❝❡ ✇❡✱ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥❧❡ss ❬❜✉t❪ ✐♥✇❛r❞❧②✲❡①❝✐t❡❞✱ ❤❛✈❡ r❛✐s❡❞ t❤❡❡✳✳✳
✶✵✳✹✽✳✸ ❲✐t❤ ✇❤❛t ✇❛s ❛♥❞ ✐s t♦ ❜❡ ❞♦♥❡ t❤❡② r❛✐s❡ ♠❡✳
✶✹ ✶✳✺✻✳✶ t❤✐s ♦♥❡ ✐♥ ❢r♦♥t ♦❢ ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥t ❬❧✐❜❛t✐♦♥s❪ ❬r❛✐s❡s ❤✐♠s❡❧❢❪ ❢♦rt❤ ✖ ❧✐❦❡
 ✸✾

✶✺ ♦r ♠❛❞❡ t♦ ❛♣♣❡❛r✶✻ ❀
t❤❡♥✱ ❤❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st
✶✼ ✶✽
t❤❡♥ ❤❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❣r♦✇ ❛♥❞ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ str♦♥❣ ✱ ♦r ✐♥t❡♥s❡ ❀
t❤❡♥ ❤❡ ✐s r❡❛❞② t♦ ♣❡r❢♦r♠ ✇♦♥❞r♦✉s ❞❡❡❞s
✶✾ ❛♥❞ ✇✐❧❧ ❤❡❧♣ ❤✐s
✷✵
✐♥✈♦❦❡r✭s✮ ✳

❊♥❣❡♥❞❡r✐♥❣ ♦❢ Indra✬s ❡♠❜r②♦✱ ❝♦♥✈❡②✐♥❣ Indra✱ ♦r ✐♥✢❛♠✐♥❣

❤✐♠✱ ❝♦✉❧❞ ❜❡ ❡✛❡❝t❡❞ ❜② ✈❛r✐♦✉s ❝❛✉s❡s ❛♥❞ ❝✐r❝✉♠st❛♥❝❡s
✷✶ ✳

❚❤❡ ♣r✐♠♦r❞✐❛❧ ❝❛✉s❡ ♦❢ Indra ✷✷ ✇❤✐❝❤ r❡s✉❧ts ✐♥ t❤❡ ♠♦st ♦♣✲

♣r❡ss✐♥❣ ❛♥❞ ✈✐♦❧❡♥t ❢♦r♠ ♦❢ ❤✐♠ ✐s ❛ ❞❡❡♣❧② ❢❡❧t ❛❝✉t❡ s❡♥s❡ ♦❢ ❞❛♥✲
❣❡r
✷✸ ✳ ❲❤❡♥ ❛❧❧ s❡♥s❡s ❛r❡ s❤❛r♣❡♥❡❞ t♦ ❛ ❤✐❣❤ ❞❡❣r❡❡ ♦❢ s❡♥s✐t✐✈✐t②
❢r♦♠✱ ❢♦r ❡①❛♠♣❧❡✱ ❡①♣❡❝t✐♥❣ ❞❛♥❣❡r ❢r♦♠ ②❡t ✉♥❤❡❛r❞✱ ✉♥s❡❡♥✱ ✉♥✲
s♠❡❧❧❡❞✱ ✉♥❢❡❧t ✇✐t❤ s❦✐♥ s♦✉r❝❡✱ ❛♥❞✱ t❤❡r❡❢♦r❡✱ ♦♥❡ ✐s ✇❛t❝❤✐♥❣
✐♥t❡♥s❡❧② t♦ ❛♥② ❝❤❛♥❣❡ ✐♥ ✈✐s✉❛❧s✱ str✐✈❡s t♦ ❤❡❛r ❛♥② s♦✉♥❞✱ ❤♦✇✲
❡✈❡r ♠✉✤❡❞✱ ❛♥❞ s❡♥s❡ ❛♥② ✇❤✐✛ ♦❢ s♠❡❧❧ ♦r ❛ s✉❜t❧❡ t♦✉❝❤ t❤❛t
♠✐❣❤t ❜❡tr❛② t❤❡ ♣r❡s❡♥❝❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❞❛♥❣❡r✱ t❤❡♥ t❤✐s ❛❝✉t❡ s❡♥s✐t✐✈✐t②
♦❢ s❡♥s❡s ♠✐❣❤t ❜❡❝♦♠❡ tr❛♥s❢♦r♠❡❞ ✖ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ t❤❡ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡ t♦
❝❤❛♥❣❡ t❤❡ ♠❡♥t❛❧ st❛♥❝❡ ✖ ✐♥t♦ ❛ ❣❡r♠ ♦❢ Indra ✷✹ ✳ ❚❤✐s s❡♥s❡ ♦❢
❞❛♥❣❡r ♠✐❣❤t ❝♦♠❡✱ ❢♦r ❡①❛♠♣❧❡✱ ❢r♦♠ ♦❜s❡r✈✐♥❣ ❛♥✐♠❛❧ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡
✷✺ ✳
✏❏✉st t❤❛t ❛♠♦♥❣ ♣❧❛❝❡s ♦❢ ❡①✐st❡♥❝❡ ✐s ❡①❝❡❧❧❡♥t✱ ❢r♦♠ ✇❤✐❝❤ ❤❡✱

❛♥ ✐♠♣❛t✐❡♥t ❝♦✉rs❡r r❛✐s❡s ❤✐♠s❡❧❢ ✉♣ ❬t♦ ♠♦✉♥t❪ ❛ ♠❛r❡✳

✶✳✻✶✳✾ ❡❛s✐❧② r✐s✐♥❣ ✉♣✇❛r❞s
✶✺ ✶✳✶✷✶✳✻ ◆♦✇ t❤❛t ❤❡✱ ✇❤♦ ❝❛rr✐❡s ❬❛❝r♦ss❪✱ ❤❛s ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❡❞ ❤✐♠s❡❧❢✱✳✳
✺✳✸✵✳✺ ❲❤❡♥ t❤♦✉✱ t❤❡ ✉❧t✐♠❛t❡ ♦♥❡✱ ❤❛✈❡ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❡❞ t❤②s❡❧❢
✶✻ ✸✳✹✵✳✻ ❚❤♦✉ ❛r❡ ♠❛❞❡ t♦ ❛♣♣❡❛r ✇✐t❤ str❡❛♠s ♦❢ ❤♦♥❡②
✶✵✳✾✻✳✺ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❡❞✲❜②✲♣❛❧❡✲②❡❧❧♦✇
✽✳✹✺✳✹ ❙❧❛②❡r ♦❢ Vr.tra✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❜❡❡♥ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❡❞✱✳✳
✶✼ ✶✳✽✶✳✺ ❚❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ❣r♦✇♥ ❜❡②♦♥❞ ❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣✳
✽✳✻✳✹✵ ❍❛✈✐♥❣ ❣r♦✇♥ ✉♣ t♦ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥✳✳✳
✷✳✷✷✳✸ ❆r✐s❡♥ s✐♠✉❧t❛♥❡♦✉s❧② ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ✉♥❞❡rst❛♥❞✐♥❣✱ ❤❡ ❤❛s ❜❡❝♦♠❡
str♦♥❣❡r s✐♠✉❧t❛♥❡♦✉s❧② ✇✐t❤ ❢r❡♥③②❀
✶✽ ✺✳✸✸✳✷ ❚❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ ✐♥❝r❡❛s❡ ✐♥ ✐♥t❡♥s✐t②
✶✾ ✶✳✻✷✳✼ ♣❡r❢♦r♠✐♥❣ ❛ ✇♦♥❞r♦✉s ❞❡❡❞
✷✳✷✵✳✻ ❚❤❡♥ ❤❡✱ deva ❢❛♠❡❞ ❛s Indra ❜② ♥❛♠❡✱ r✐s✐♥❣✱ s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❢♦r ❛
♠❛♥ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❧✐s❤✐♥❣ ♠♦st ✇♦♥❞❡r❢✉❧ ❞❡❡❞s✳
✷✵ ✶✳✽✶✳✷ t❤♦✉ ❛r❡ ❡❛❣❡r t♦ ❤❡❧♣ ❛ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡r
✶✳✶✼✽✳✶ t❤♦✉ ❤❛s ❝♦♠❡ ✐♥t♦ ❜❡✐♥❣ ✇✐t❤ ♠❡❛♥s t♦ ❤❡❧♣ ✐♥✈♦❦❡rs
✶✳✸✵✳✻ ❙t❛② ✉♣r✐❣❤t t♦ ❤❡❧♣ ✉s ❞✉r✐♥❣ t❤✐s r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r
✹✳✷✶✳✼ ❬♦♥❡ ❜r✐♥❣s ❤✐♠❪ ❛❧✇❛②s ✇❤❡♥ t❤❡ ❢❡r✈♦r ♦❢ t❤❡ ♠♦st r❛❞✐❛♥t ❜✉❧❧
❤❡❧♣s t❤❡ ♣r❛✐s❡r t♦ ❬❡♥t❡r❪ ❛ ❝♦♥t❡st
✷✶ ✽✳✹✵✳✾ ▼❛♥② ❬❛r❡❪ ❝✉❡s ❢♦r t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Indra✱✳✳
✷✷ ✻✳✷✷✳✼ ❬✇❤♦ ✐s❪ ♣r✐♠♦r❞✐❛❧
✷✸ ✽✳✻✳✷✽ ■♥ t✇✐sts ❛♥❞ t✉r♥s ♦❢ ♠♦✉♥t❛✐♥s ❛♥❞ ✐♥ ❝♦♥✢✉❡♥❝❡ ♦❢ r✐✈❡rs t❤❡
✐♥✇❛r❞❧②✲❡①❝✐t❡❞ ♦♥❡ ✐s ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❡❞ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❛ ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥ ❬♦❢ ❜❡✐♥❣ ✐♥
❡①tr❡♠❡ ❞❛♥❣❡r❪
✷✹ ✶✳✶✵✵✳✶✷ ❆s ✐❢ ❢r♦♠ ❛ ❜✐❣ ❧❛❞❧❡ ❬❤❡ ✐s❪ ❛r✐s✐♥❣ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ✜✈❡ ❬s❡♥s❡s❪ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s
♦❢ t❤❡ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡ t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡
✷✺ ✽✳✺✵✳✶✵ ❬❲❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❡①♣❡r✐❡♥❝❡ ❛♥❡✇ ✳✳✳ ❛s ♠✉❝❤ ♦❢ t❤❡❡ ✳✳✳ ❪ ❛s ❬✇❤❡♥❪ ❛t
Kan . va✬s ❬♣❧❛❝❡❪ ❞✉r✐♥❣ ♣r♦❝❡❡❞✐♥❣ ♦♥ ✐ts ✇❛② ❛♥✐♠❛❧ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡ ✳✳✳
✹✵ ▼❛♥✐❢❡st✐♥❣ Indra
✇❤♦s❡ ❝♦✉r❛❣❡ ✐s ✈❡❤❡♠❡♥t✱ ✇❛s ❜♦r♥ ❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s✳✑
✷✻

❆♥♦t❤❡r ❝❛✉s❡ ✐s ❛♥ ❡①tr❡♠❡ ❛♥❣❡r ❜♦r❞❡r✐♥❣ ♦♥ ❢✉r② ❛♥❞

✇r❛t❤
✷✼ ✳

❆♥♦t❤❡r ❝❛✉s❡ ✐s ❛♥ ❡①tr❡♠❡ ♣❤②s✐❝❛❧ ❛❝t✐✈✐t② ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤✐♥❣

❢r❡♥③②
✷✽ ✳

✏■♥✢❛♠✐♥❣ Indra✑ ♠✐❣❤t ❜❡ ❝❛✉s❡❞ ❜② t❤❡ ♣r❡s❡♥❝❡ ♦❢ s♦♠❡ ♣s②✲

❝❤♦❛❝t✐✈❡ s✉❜st❛♥❝❡s✱ ❡①t❡r♥❛❧✱ ❧✐❦❡ ❤❡r❜❛❧ ❝♦♥❝♦❝t✐♦♥s ✭t❤❡ ♠♦st
❡①❝❡❧❧❡♥t ♦❢ ✇❤✐❝❤ ✐s t❤❡ ❡①tr❛❝t ♦❢ Soma ♣❧❛♥t✮ ♦r s♣❡❝✐❛❧❧② ♣r❡✲
♣❛r❡❞ ❢♦♦❞
✷✾ ✱ ♦r ✐♥t❡r♥❛❧❧② ♣r♦❞✉❝❡❞✱ ❧✐❦❡ ✐♥♥❡r Soma ♦r t❡st♦s✲
t❡r♦♥❡
✸✵ ✳

◆❡①t✱ ✐s ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❝♦♥❥✉r✐♥❣

✸✶ ✳ ■t ♠✐❣❤t ❜❡ ❛♥ ✐♥t❡♥t✐♦♥❛❧ ✈✐s✉❛❧✲
✸✷
✐③❛t✐♦♥ ✱ ❛ ✈✐s✐♦♥ ✐♥❞✉❝❡❞ ❜② ❝✐r❝✉♠st❛♥❝❡s
✸✸ ✱ ❛ ❝♦♥❝❡♣t✐♦♥✸✹ ✱ ♦r

✷✻ ✶✵✳✶✷✵✳✶
✷✼ ✶✵✳✼✸✳✶✵ ❍❡ ❤❛s ❝♦♠❡ ❢r♦♠ ❛♥❣❡r✱ ❤❡ ❤❛s st❛②❡❞ ✐♥ ❝❤❛r♠✐♥❣✲t❤❡✲♠✐♥❞
❬❢❛♥t❛s✐❡s❪
✺✳✸✵✳✷ ■ ✇❡♥t ❛❧♦♥❣ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ✇r❛t❤ ♦❢ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ♠❛❦❡s ✐♠♣❛❝t
✶✵✳✹✹✳✸ ❍❡r❡ ❬❛r❡❪ ✈✐♦❧❡♥t ✐♥✲❝♦♥tr♦❧ ❬Marut✲s❪ ❝♦♥✈❡②✐♥❣ Indra
✷✽ ✶✵✳✶✺✸✳✷ ❚❤♦✉ ❬❛r❡❪ ❜♦r♥ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ♣r❡s❡♥❝❡ ♦❢ ❢♦r❝❡✱ ♦❢ ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣
str❡♥❣t❤✱ ♦❢ ❛ ❢r❡♥③②✳
✶✵✳✼✸✳✶✵ ❲❤❡♥ t❤❡② s❛② ✏❍❡ ❤❛s ❝♦♠❡ ❢r♦♠ ❛ ❤♦rs❡✑✱ ■ t❤✐♥❦ ♦❢ ❤✐♠ ❛s ❜♦r♥
♦❢ ❛ ❢r❡♥③②✳
✽✳✼✻✳✶✵ s♣r✐♥❣✐♥❣ ✉♣ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ✈✐❣♦✉r
✷✾ ✶✳✽✶✳✽ ❉♦ ✐♥✢❛♠❡ t❤②s❡❧❢ ✐♥ t❤❡ ♣r❡s❡♥❝❡ ♦❢ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❬Soma❪ ✳✳✳
✸✳✹✵✳✻ ❚❤♦✉ ❛r❡ ♠❛❞❡ t♦ ❛♣♣❡❛r ✇✐t❤ str❡❛♠s ♦❢ ❤♦♥❡② ✳✳✳
✸✳✹✶✳✸ ❆❝❝❡♣t✱ ❖ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱ t❤❡ s❛❝r✐✜❝✐❛❧ ❝❛❦❡✦
✶✳✶✻✳✷ ❬❙✐♥❝❡❪ t❤❡s❡ ❞r✐♣♣✐♥❣ ✇✐t❤ ❣❤❡❡ ❣r❛✐♥s✱ ❬❛♥❞❪ t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s ✇♦✉❧❞
❧❡❛❞ Indra ❤✐t❤❡r ♦♥ t❤❡ ♠♦st ❡❛s②✲❣♦✐♥❣ ❝❤❛r✐♦t
✸✵ ✽✳✺✵✳✸ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❞r♦♣s ♦❢ ♣✉r❡ Soma ✐♥✢❛♠❡ ❤✐♠
✶✳✶✻✳✷ t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s ✇♦✉❧❞ ❧❡❛❞ Indra ❤✐t❤❡r ♦♥ t❤❡ ♠♦st ❡❛s②✲❣♦✐♥❣
❝❤❛r✐♦t
✺✳✸✵✳✶ ✳✳✳ Indra ❝♦♠✐♥❣ ❛❣❛✐♥ ❛♥❞ ❛❣❛✐♥ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s
✸✳✺✵✳✶ ❚❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s ❝❛♥ ♣❧❛❝❡ t❤❡❡ ❤❡r❡
✸✶ ✹✳✶✼✳✹ ❚❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ✐s t❤♦✉❣❤t t♦ ❜❡ t❤② ✈❡r② ♠❛♥❧② ♣r♦❣❡♥✐t♦r❀
✸✷ ✶✳✶✵✷✳✼ ❆ ♣♦t❡♥t ❡✛♦rt t♦ ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❡ ❤❛s ✐♥st✐❣❛t❡❞ t❤❡❡
✶✳✺✷✳✷ Indra ■ ❤❛s s✉♠♠♦♥❡❞ ✇✐t❤ ❛♥ ❡❧❛❜♦r❛t❡ ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥
✸✳✸✷✳✶✹ ❲❤❡♥ t❤❡ ❡✛♦rt t♦ ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❡ ❤❛s ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❝♦♥t❛✐♥❡❞ ✐♥ ♠❡✱ ✐t ♣r♦✲
❞✉❝❡❞ ❬❤✐♠❪✳
✽✳✻✶✳✶ ❤❡ ✳✳✳ s❤❛❧❧ ❝♦♠❡ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ❤❡❧♣ ♦❢ ❛ ❝♦♥❝❡♥tr❛t❡❞ ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥ ❤❡r❡
✸✸ ✽✳✻✳✷✽ ■♥ t✇✐sts ❛♥❞ t✉r♥s ♦❢ ♠♦✉♥t❛✐♥s ❛♥❞ ✐♥ ❝♦♥✢✉❡♥❝❡ ♦❢ r✐✈❡rs t❤❡
✐♥✇❛r❞❧②✲❡①❝✐t❡❞ ♦♥❡ ✐s ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❡❞ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❛ ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥ ❬♦❢ ❜❡✐♥❣ ✐♥
❡①tr❡♠❡ ❞❛♥❣❡r❪✳
✽✳✺✵✳✶✵ ❬❲❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❡①♣❡r✐❡♥❝❡ ❛♥❡✇ ✳✳✳ ❛s ♠✉❝❤ ♦❢ t❤❡❡ ✳✳✳ ❪ ❛s ❬✇❤❡♥❪ ❛t
Kan
. va✬s ❬♣❧❛❝❡❪ ❞✉r✐♥❣ ♣r♦❝❡❡❞✐♥❣ ♦♥ ✐ts ✇❛② ❛♥✐♠❛❧ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡ ✳✳✳
✸✹ ✶✵✳✷✾✳✸ ❲❤✐❝❤ ❝♦♥✈❡②✐♥❣ ❬✇♦✉❧❞ ❜r✐♥❣ t❤❡❡❪ ❤✐t❤❡r✱ t♦✇❛r❞s ♠❡✱ ❬✇❤❛t❪
❝♦♥❝❡♣t✐♦♥❄
✷✳✷✷✳✸ ❆r✐s❡♥ s✐♠✉❧t❛♥❡♦✉s❧② ✇✐t❤ ✉♥❞❡rst❛♥❞✐♥❣ ✳✳✳
 ✹✶

❛ ✭✈✐✈✐❞✮ r❡❝❛❧❧
✸✺ ♦r r❡❝r❡❛t✐♦♥✸✻ ♦❢ ❝✐r❝✉♠st❛♥❝❡s ♦❢ ♣❛st Indra✬s
♠❛♥✐❢❡st❛t✐♦♥s✳

❚❤❡r❡ ❛r❡ ❝♦♠♣❧❡① t❡❝❤♥✐q✉❡s ♦❢ ❝♦♥✈❡②✐♥❣ Indra ❝❛❧❧❡❞ ✏❢♦r♠✉✲

❧❛t✐♦♥s✑
✸✼ ✇❤✐❝❤ ♠✐❣❤t ✐♥❝❧✉❞❡ ❛s ❝♦♠♣♦♥❡♥ts ❛❧❧ ♠❡♥t✐♦♥❡❞ ❛❜♦✈❡
❝❛✉s❡s ♦❢ ❡♥❣❡♥❞❡r✐♥❣ Indra✬s ❡♠❜r②♦✱ ❛♥❞✱ ✐♥ ❛❞❞✐t✐♦♥✱ ♦r ❛s ♣r✐✲
♠❛r② ❝♦♠♣♦♥❡♥ts✱ ✜r❡ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣s✱ ❝❤❛♥ts
✸✽ ✱ ❤②♠♥s ✸✾ ✱ ❛♥❞ ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡
✉tt❡r❛♥❝❡s
✹✵ ✳

❙♦♠❡ ❝✐r❝✉♠st❛♥❝❡s ❛r❡ ❢❛✈♦r❛❜❧❡ t♦ Indra✬s ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❛t✐♦♥s✳

❉❛✇♥✱ ♦r ❞❛②✲❜r❡❛❦✱ ✐s ♠❡♥t✐♦♥❡❞ ♦❢t❡♥
✹✶ ❀ ❛ ♣❛rt✐❝✉❧❛r t✐♠❡ ♦❢

✸✺ ✽✳✺✵✳✾ ❲❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❡①♣❡r✐❡♥❝❡ ❛♥❡✇ ✳✳✳ ❛s ♠✉❝❤ ♦❢ t❤❡❡ ✳✳✳ ❛s ❬✇❤❡♥❪ t❤♦✉
♣r♦♠♦t❡❞ t❤❡ ✢✐❝❦❡r✐♥❣ ♦♥❡ ❛t ❡✣❝❛❝✐♦✉s ❬❛t ❞❡t❡r♠✐♥✐♥❣ ❛ ❝❤❛♠♣✐♦♥❪ ❛r✲
r❛♥❣❡❞ ❝♦♥t❡st✱ ❛s ❬✇❤❡♥ t❤♦✉ ♣r♦♠♦t❡❞❪ t❤❡ ✇✐❧❧ ❬t♦ ✇✐♥❪ ❛t Daśavraja✬s
❬❡✈❡♥t❪
✽✳✺✵✳✶✵ ❬❲❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❡①♣❡r✐❡♥❝❡ ❛♥❡✇ ✳✳✳ ❛s ♠✉❝❤ ♦❢ t❤❡❡ ✳✳✳ ❪ ❛s ❬✇❤❡♥❪ ❛t
. va✬s ❬♣❧❛❝❡❪ ❞✉r✐♥❣ ♣r♦❝❡❡❞✐♥❣ ♦♥ ✐ts ✇❛② ❛♥✐♠❛❧ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡✱ ❛t ❛ ❧♦♥❣
❝♦✉♥s❡❧ r❡❧❛t❡❞ t♦ ❞♦♠❡st✐❝ ❬❛✛❛✐rs❪✳✳✳
Kan

✹✳✷✸✳✼ ❬■❢ t❤❡ ❧♦♥❣✐♥❣❪✱ ✐♥t❡♥❞✐♥❣ t♦ ❞❡str♦②✱ s❤❛r♣❡♥s ❛❣❛✐♥ ❛♥❞ ❛❣❛✐♥ ❛
s♣✐t❡❢✉❧✱ ❧❛❝❦✐♥❣✲❬♠❛♥✐❢❡st❛t✐♦♥s✲❪♦❢✲Indra ♠✐s❝❤✐❡❢✱ ❬t❤❡♥❪ t❤♦✉ ❬s❤❛❧❧❪ ❜r✐♥❣
t♦ ❢♦r❡ ❬t❤♦s❡ ❤✐s✱ Indra✬s✱❪ s❝♦r❝❤✐♥❣ ❛♣♣❡❛r❛♥❝❡s ❞✉r✐♥❣ ✇❤✐❝❤ ❤❡✱ ❢❡r♦✲
❝✐♦✉s✱ ❞❡♠❛♥❞✐♥❣ ❢✉❧✜❧❧♠❡♥t ♦❢ ♦✉r ♦❜❧✐❣❛t✐♦♥s✱ ❤❛s ❞r✐✈❡♥ ❢❛r ❛✇❛② ♥♦♥✲
❡①♣❡r✐❡♥❝❡❞ ❞❛✇♥s✳
✶✵✳✹✾✳✼ ■ ❥♦✉r♥❡② ❛r♦✉♥❞ ✈✐❣♦r♦✉s❧② ❝♦♥✈❡②✐♥❣ ♠②s❡❧❢ ❢♦rt❤ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢
♠♦✈✐♥❣ q✉✐❝❦❧② ✢✐❝❦❡r✐♥❣ ❬✐♥♥❡r ✜r❡s❪ ♦❢ t❤❡ s✉♥✳
✸✻ ✽✳✻✻✳✺ ❲❤❛t ♦❢ ♠❡♥✱ t❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ♣❧❛❝❡❞ ✇✐t❤✐♥ ❬t❤②❪ r❡❛❝❤ ❜❡❢♦r❡✱ t❤❛t ✇❡
❣❛t❤❡r ❢♦r t❤❡❡ ✖ ❛ ✜r❡ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣✱ ❛ r❡❝✐t❡❞ ✈❡rs❡✱ ❛ ♣r♦♠♣t ✉tt❡r❛♥❝❡ ✳✳✳
✸✼ ✶✳✶✵✶✳✾ ✇❤♦ ✐s ❝♦♥✈❡②❡❞ ❜② ❛ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥
✶✵✳✶✶✶✳✶ ❲✐t❤ ❣❡♥✉✐♥❡ ❛❝t✐♦♥s ✇❡ ❝❛✉s❡ Indra t♦ ❛r✐s❡ ❤❡r❡
✸✽ ✻✳✸✹✳✹ t❤❡ ❝❤❛♥ts t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ✜r❡ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣s ❤❛✈❡ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥❡❞ t❤❡ s✉♠✲
♠♦♥s
✽✳✻✻✳✺ ❲❤❛t ✳✳✳ t❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ♣❧❛❝❡❞ ✇✐t❤✐♥ ❬t❤②❪ r❡❛❝❤ ❜❡❢♦r❡✱ t❤❛t ✇❡ ❣❛t❤❡r
❢♦r t❤❡❡ ✖ ❛ ✜r❡ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣✱ ❛ r❡❝✐t❡❞ ✈❡rs❡✱ ❛ ♣r♦♠♣t ✉tt❡r❛♥❝❡ ✳✳✳
✽✳✷✳✸✵ ❝♦♥✈❡②❡❞ ❜② ❝❤❛♥ts
✸✾ ✷✳✶✸✳✺ t❤❡❡ ✖ ✇✐t❤ ❤②♠♥s ♦❢ ♣r❛✐s❡ ❛s ✐❢ ✇✐t❤ ✇❛✈❡s✱ ❬t❤❡❡✱❪ ♣♦ss❡ss✐♥❣ t❤❡
r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r deva✱ deva✲s ❜❡❣♦t
✽✳✹✳✷ ❝♦♥✈❡②✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡❡❪ ❜② ❛ ❤②♠♥ ♦❢ ♣r❛✐s❡
✹✵ ✽✳✻✳✷✵ ❬❚❤❡s❡ ❡♥t✐❝❡♠❡♥ts t♦ r❡❜❡❧✱❪ t❤❛t ❬❛r❡❪ ❜❡❛r✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡❡❪ ✇✐t❤ ♠♦✉t❤✱
❤❛✈❡ ♠❛❞❡ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Indra✱ ✐♥t♦ ❛ ❣❡r♠ t❤❛t ✐s ❧✐❦❡ ❛ ♣r♦♣ ❛r♦✉♥❞ t❤❡ s✉♥✳
✹✳✸✷✳✷✷ ♦✛s♣r✐♥❣ ♦❢ ❣❛✐♥✐♥❣ ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s
✹✶ ✶✳✻✳✸ t❤♦✉ ❜❡❝❛♠❡ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❡❞ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ❞❛✇♥s
✶✳✶✵✽✳✶✷ ❲❤❡♥ ②♦✉ t✇♦✱ ❖ Indra ❬❛♥❞❪ Agni✱ ❛t s✉♥r✐s❡ ♦♥ ②♦✉r ♦✇♥ ❛❝❝♦r❞
♠❛❦❡ ②♦✉rs❡❧✈❡s ✐♥✢❛♠❡❞ ♠✐❞st t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥
✶✳✶✼✼✳✺ ▼❛② ✇❡✱ ❡①t♦❧❧✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡❡❪✱ ❜② ♠♦r♥✐♥❣✬s ❢❛✈♦✉r ❡①♣❡r✐❡♥❝❡ t❤❡❡✦
✻✳✷✺✳✾ ▼❛② ✇❡✱ ❡①t♦❧❧✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡❡❪ Bharadvāja✲s✱ t❤r♦✉❣❤ ❢❛✈♦✉r ♦❢ t❤❡ ♠♦r♥✲
✐♥❣ ❡①♣❡r✐❡♥❝❡ t❤❡❡ ♥♦✇
✽✳✽✵✳✶✵ ❬s♦ t❤❛t❪ ❤❡✱ ✇❤♦s❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡ ✐s ❬❣✐✈❡♥❪ ❜② ❛ ✈✐s✐♦♥✱ ♠✐❣❤t ❝♦♠❡
♣r♦♠♣t❧②✱ ❛t ❞❛②❜r❡❛❦✦
✹✷ ▼❛♥✐❢❡st✐♥❣ Indra
t❤❡ ②❡❛r
✹✷ ✱ ✇✐❞❡ ♠❡♥t❛❧ s♣❛❝❡ ✐s ♠❡♥t✐♦♥❡❞✹✸ ✱ ❛ss❡♠❜❧② ♦❢ ♠❡♥✹✹ ✱
♥❛t✉r❛❧ ❞✐s♣♦s✐t✐♦♥ ♦❢ Marut✲s
✹✺ ✱ ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ②❡❛r♥✐♥❣ ❢♦r Indra✬s ♣r❡s✲
✹✻
❡♥❝❡ ✳
Indra ❝❛♥ ❛ss✉♠❡ ✈❛r✐♦✉s ❢♦r♠s
✹✼ ❛♥❞ ❝❛♥ ❝❤❛♥❣❡ ❢♦r♠s ♦♥ ❤✐s
✹✽
♦✇♥ ✳ ❚❤❡ ❢♦r♠ Indra ✇✐❧❧ ❛ss✉♠❡ ✉♣♦♥ ❤✐s ❜✐rt❤✱ ♦r ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❛✲
t✐♦♥✱ ❞❡♣❡♥❞s ♦♥ ✐♥t❡♥t✐♦♥s
✹✾ ❛♥❞ s❦✐❧❧s ♦❢ ❤✐s ♠❛❦❡rs ✺✵ ✱ ♦♥ ❤♦✇ t❤❡
✺✶
t✇♦ Aśvin✲s ❡st❛❜❧✐s❤❡❞ ❤✐s ❞♦♠❛✐♥ ✱ ♦♥ ❞❡s✐❣♥s ♦❢ ❣✉✐❞✐♥❣ s♣✐r✐ts
✺✸
✏✇❤♦ ❤❛✈❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❢r❛♠❡ ❬✐❞❡❛s ❛♥❞ ♣❡r❝❡♣t✐♦♥❪✑ ✱ ♦♥ ❝❤❛r❛❝t❡r✲
✐st✐❝s ♦❢ ✐♥❞✐✈✐❞✉❛❧ ♣❧❛❝❡s ♦❢ ❡①✐st❡♥❝❡ ♦❢ Indra ✐♥✈♦❦❡r
✺✺ ✱ ❛♥❞ ♦♥
❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥②✐♥❣ t❤❡ ✐♥✈♦❦❡r Rudra✬s
✺✻ ✭✐t ♣r♦❜❛❜❧② ♠❡❛♥s t❤❛t Indra
✐s ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❡❞ ❝❧❡❛r❧② ❛❧♦♥❣ t❤❡ ❧✐♥❡ ♦❢ ❣r✐❡✈❛♥❝❡s ❛♥❞ ❧❛♠❡♥t❛t✐♦♥s
t❤❛t ♦✈❡rt♦♦❦ Marut✲s✮✳ ◆❛♠❡s ❣✐✈❡♥ t♦ Indra ❞✉r✐♥❣ ✐♥✈♦❝❛t✐♦♥
❛✛❡❝t ✇❤❛t ❢♦r♠ ❤❡ ✇✐❧❧ ❛ss✉♠❡ ❛t ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❛t✐♦♥
✺✼ ✖ s✉❝❤ ♥❛♠❡s
✇✐❧❧ ❜❡ ❣✐✈❡♥ ✐♥ ❛♣♣❡♥❞✐① ✏◆❛♠❡s ❛♥❞ ❡♣✐t❤❡ts ♦❢ Indra✑✳ ❙❡✈✲
❡r❛❧ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ♥♦ s♣❡❝✐✜❝ ♥❛♠❡ ❢♦r♠s ♦❢ Indra ❛r❡ ♠❡♥t✐♦♥❡❞
✺✽ ✳ ■t ✐s
❛❧s♦ ♠❡♥t✐♦♥❡❞ t❤❛t ❤❡ ✐s ❢❛s❤✐♦♥❡❞ ❜② ✏t❤❡ ♣❡r✈❛❞✐♥❣ ♦♥❡✑ ✭✸✳✹✾✳✶✮
✇❤✐❝❤ ♣r♦❜❛❜❧② r❡❢❡rs t♦ ✐♥♥❡r Soma✳
✹✷ ✹✳✷✶✳✾ Hastā ❛st❡r✐s♠ ✐s ❛✉s♣✐❝✐♦✉s ❢♦r t❤❡❡
✹✸ ✸✳✸✼✳✶✶ ❚❤❡ ✇✐❞❡ ❬♠❡♥t❛❧❪ s♣❛❝❡ ✇❤✐❝❤ ❬✐s❪ ❢♦r t❤❡❡✱ ❖ st♦♥❡✲✇✐❡❧❞❡r✱ ❬✐s❪
❤❡r❡ ✕ ❢♦r t❤❛t r❡❛s♦♥✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤ ❬✉s❪✦
✹✹ ✼✳✷✹✳✶ ❆ ✇♦♠❜ ❢♦r t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Indra✱ ✐s ♠❛❞❡ ✐♥ ❬t❤✐s❪ ❛ss❡♠❜❧② ✖ s❡t ♦✉t t♦
✐t t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ♠❡♥
✹✺ ✶✳✶✻✺✳✺ s✐♥❝❡ t❤♦✉ ❜❡❝❛♠❡ ❬♠❛♥✐❢❡st❪ ❛❝❝♦r❞✐♥❣ t♦ ♦✉r ♥❛t✉r❛❧ ❞✐s♣♦s✐t✐♦♥
✹✻ ✶✳✶✼✼✳✺ ▼❛② ✇❡✱ ❡①t♦❧❧✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡❡❪✱ ❜② ♠♦r♥✐♥❣✬s ❢❛✈♦✉r ❡①♣❡r✐❡♥❝❡ t❤❡❡✦
✸✳✸✵✳✻ ▼❛❦❡ ✐t ❛❧❧ r❡❛❧✦ ▼❛② t❤✐s ❬st❛t❡❪ ❜❡ ❡♥t❡r❡❞ ✐♥t♦✦
✹✼ ✸✳✸✼✳✸ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❛❧❧ t❤❡ ❝❤❛♥ts ✇❡ ❣♦ t♦ t❤② ❝❤❛r❛❝t❡r✐st✐❝ ❢♦r♠s
✻✳✹✼✳✶✽ ❍❡ ❤❛s ❛ss✉♠❡❞ ❧✐❦❡♥❡ss t♦ ❛ ❢♦r♠ ❛❢t❡r ❢♦r♠
✹✽ ✻✳✹✼✳✶✽ ❍❛✈✐♥❣ ♠✉❧t✐♣❧❡ ❢♦r♠s ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❬❤✐s❪ ♣♦✇❡rs t♦ ❢r❛♠❡ ❬❝♦❣♥✐t✐♦♥❪✱
Indra ✐s ❝♦♥t✐♥✉♦✉s❧② ♦♥ t❤❡ ♠♦✈❡ ❜❡❝❛✉s❡ ❤✐s t❡♥ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s ❛r❡
②♦❦❡❞✳
✹✾ ✶✳✶✸✵✳✻ ❢♦r ❛ ❜❡♥❡✈♦❧❡♥t st❛t❡ ♦❢ ♠✐♥❞ t❤❡② ❢❛s❤✐♦♥❡❞ t❤❡❡
✶✵✳✹✽✳✻ ■ ❬❜r♦✉❣❤t t♦❣❡t❤❡r❪ t❤❡s❡ t✇♦✲❛❣❛✐♥st✲t✇♦ ❤❡❛✈②✲❜r❡❛t❤✐♥❣ ❬♠❡♥❪
✇❤♦ r❡♥❞❡r❡❞ Indra ❛s t❤❡ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t ✐♥ ♦r❞❡r t♦ ✜❣❤t✳
✻✳✹✹✳✻ ❚❤❛t❬✱ t❤❡ ❢❡r✈♦r✱❪ ♦❢ ②♦✉r ✈❡rs❡ ❬✐s❪ ❝❡rt❛✐♥❧② t♦ ❜❡ ❛ s✉❜str❛t✉♠ ❢♦r
Indra
✺✵ ✻✳✶✾✳✶ ❤❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ❤❡❧♣ ♦❢ ❬❤✐s❪ ♠❛❦❡rs ✇❡❧❧ ❢♦r♠❡❞✱ ❬❛♥❞❪ ✇✐❞❡
s♣r❡❛❞✐♥❣
✺✶ ✸✳✸✽✳✺ ❇② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❦♥♦✇❧❡❞❣❡✲s❤❛r✐♥❣ s❡ss✐♦♥✬s ✈✐s✐♦♥s ②♦✉✺✷ ✱ ❖ t✇♦ ♦✛✲
s♣r✐♥❣s ♦❢ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥✱ ❤❛✈❡ ❡st❛❜❧✐s❤❡❞ ❧♦♥❣ ❛❣♦ ❬❤✐s❪ ❞♦♠✐♥✐♦♥
✺✸ ✸✳✸✽✳✼ ❲❡❛r✐♥❣ ♦♥❡ ❣✉✐s❡✺✹ ❛❢t❡r ❛♥♦t❤❡r✱ t❤❡② ✇❤♦ ❤❛✈❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❢r❛♠❡
❬✐❞❡❛s ❛♥❞ ♣❡r❝❡♣t✐♦♥❪ ❛❞❥✉st❡❞ ✐♥ ❤✐♠ t❤❡ ❢♦r♠✳
✺✺ ✶✳✶✵✶✳✻ t❤❛t Indra ✇❤♦♠ ❛❧❧ ♣❧❛❝❡s ♦❢ ❡①✐st❡♥❝❡ s❤❛❧❧ ♣✉t t♦❣❡t❤❡r
✺✻ ✶✳✶✵✶✳✼ ❤❡ ✳✳✳ ❣♦❡s ♦♥ ❛❧♦♥❣ t❤❡ ❞✐r❡❝t✐♦♥ ♦❢ Rudra✲s
✺✼ ✻✳✹✹✳✽ ❣❧❛❞❧② ❛❝❝❡♣t✐♥❣ ❢♦r ❤✐♠s❡❧❢ t❤r♦✉❣❤ ✉tt❡r❛♥❝❡s t❤❡ ♥❛♠❡✱ ❤❡✱ ✇❤♦
✐s t♦ ❜❡ ②❡❛r♥❡❞ ❢♦r✱ ❤❛s r❡✈❡❛❧❡❞ ❛ ✇♦♥❞r♦✉s ❢♦r♠ t♦ ❜❡❤♦❧❞
✺✽ ✹✳✷✺✳✷ ✇❤❡♥ ❤❡ ❛ss✉♠❡s t❤❡ ❢♦r♠ ♦❢ ❛♣♣❡❛r✐♥❣ ❛t ❞❛✇♥ ❬✇❛t❡rs❪
✻✳✹✺✳✶✻ ❤❡ ✳✳✳ ❤❛s ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❡❞ ❤✐♠s❡❧❢ ❬❛s❪ ❞✐s❡♥❣❛❣✐♥❣ ♦✈❡rs❡❡r ♦❢ tr✐❜❡s
✽✳✻✾✳✶✸ t❤❡ ✐♥❞✉❝✐♥❣✲r✉s❤ ❣✉✐❞❡ ✭❥✉st t❤❛t ❬✐s❪ ❛ ✇♦♥❞❡r❢✉❧ ❛♣♣❡❛r❛♥❝❡✮
 ✹✸

■t ❛♣♣❡❛rs t❤❛t Indra ❤❛s ♠❛♥② ♣❛r❡♥ts✳ ■♥str✉❝t✐♥❣ ❤✐♠ ♠♦t❤❡r

❛♥❞ ❤✐s ❢❛t❤❡r ❛r❡ ♠❡♥t✐♦♥❡❞ s❡✈❡r❛❧ t✐♠❡s ✭✸✳✹✽✱ ✹✳✶✽✱ ✽✳✹✺✱ ✽✳✼✼✮✱
❜✉t ♥❡✈❡r ♥❛♠❡❞✳ ❍✐s ♠♦t❤❡r ✐s ❝❤❛r❛❝t❡r✐③❡❞ ❛s ✏❜❡st ❛t ❬♣r♦♠✐s✲
✐♥❣❪ ♣r✐③❡s✑ ✭✶✵✳✼✸✳✶✮✱ ✏❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✑ ✭✽✳✹✺✳✺✮✱ ✏②♦✉♥❣
✇♦♠❛♥ ❛❧❧ ❛r♦✉♥❞✱ ❛ ❣❡♥✐tr✐①✑ ✭✸✳✹✽✳✷✮✱ ❛♥❞ ❛s ❤✐❞✐♥❣ ❤✐♠ ❛s ✐❢
s♦♠❡t❤✐♥❣ s❤❛♠❡❢✉❧ ✭✹✳✶✽✳✺✮✳ ❖♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ t❤❡s❡ ❝❤❛r❛❝t❡r✐st✐❝s✱
❛♥❞ ❢❡✇ ♦t❤❡r ❤✐♥ts ✭✶✳✶✼✵✳✷✱ ✻✳✻✻✳✸✱ ✶✵✳✶✵✺✳✶✵✱ ✶✵✳✶✷✸✳✶✱ ✶✵✳✷✼✳✶✻✱
✶✵✳✶✸✽✳✻✮✱ ✐t ✐s ❛ss✉♠❡❞ ❤❡r❡✱ q✉✐t❡ ♣r♦✈✐s✐♦♥❛❧❧②✱ t❤❛t Indra✬s ♣r✐✲
♠♦r❞✐❛❧ ♠♦t❤❡r ✐s Pr.śni ✖ t❤❡ s❡❞✉❝t✐✈❡ ♣♦✇❡r ♦❢ tr❛♥s❣r❡ss✐♦♥✱
❛♥ ❡♥t✐❝❡♠❡♥t t♦ r❡❜❡❧ ✖ ❛♥❞ ❤✐s ♣r✐♠♦r❞✐❛❧ ❢❛t❤❡r ✐s Rudra ✖
t❤❡ ❞r✐✈❡ t♦ s❡❧❢✲✐♥❞✐✈✐❞✉❛t❡✱ ❛♥❞ t❤❛t Marut✲s ❛r❡ ❤✐s ❜r♦t❤❡rs
✺✾
♥♦t ❥✉st ✐♥ ❛r♠s✳ ❲❛t❡rs s❡❡♠ t♦ ❜❡ ♠❡♥t✐♦♥❡❞ ❛s Indra✬s ♠♦t❤✲
❡rs
✻✵ ✳ ▼❛② ❜❡✱ ✐t ✐s t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤ ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ t❤❛t ❛r❡ ♠❡♥t✐♦♥❡❞
❛s Indra✬s ♣❛r❡♥ts ✐♥ ✶✳✶✷✶✳✺ ❛♥❞ ✶✵✳✶✷✵✳✼
✻✶ ✳

❆❢t❡r ❜❡✐♥❣ ❜♦r♥✱ Indra ✐s r❛✐s❡❞

✻✷ ❜② ✐♥t❡♥t✐♦♥❛❧ ❛❝t✐♦♥s ✻✸
✇❤✐❝❤ ♠✐❣❤t ❜❡ ❛s ❡❧❛❜♦r❛t❡ ❛s ❛ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥
✻✹ ✱ ♦r r❛✐s❡s ❤✐♠s❡❧❢ ✻✺
✖ ❢r♦♠ ✇❤❛t❡✈❡r ♣❧❛❝❡
✻✻ ✭♣r♦❜❛❜❧②✱ ♦♥❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ s❡✈❡♥ ❝❛❦r❛s✮ ❤❡
✇❛s ❜♦r♥ ❛♥❞ ✐♥t♦ t❤❡ ❤✐❣❤❡st ❢♦♦t♣r✐♥t ♦❢ Vis
✻✼
. n.u ✳ ■t ✐s ❞✉r✐♥❣
t❤✐s r❛✐s✐♥❣ t❤❛t Indra ✐♥t❡r❛❝ts ✇✐t❤ Visnu
✻✽ ✳ ■t ✐s ✇✐s❤❡❞ t❤❛t
..
Indra r❡♠❛✐♥s ❡❧❡✈❛t❡❞✱ ♦r r❛✐s❡❞✱ ❞✉r✐♥❣ s✉❜s❡q✉❡♥t ❛❝ts
✻✾ ✳

✺✾ ✶✳✶✼✵✳✷ t❤② Marut✲s ❬❛r❡❪ ❜r♦t❤❡rs ❬t♦ t❤❡❡❪

✻✵ ✽✳✾✻✳✶ ❢♦r ❤✐♠ t❤❡ ✇❛t❡rs r❡♠❛✐♥❡❞ t❤❡ s❡✈❡♥ ♠♦t❤❡rs
✽✳✽✾✳✹ ▼❛② t❤❡ ✇❛t❡rs ✖ ❬t❤②❪ ♠♦t❤❡rs ✖ q✉✐❝❦❧② ✢♦✇ ❛♣❛rt✦
✻✶ ✶✳✶✷✶✳✺✳ ❋♦r t❤❡❡ ❬✐s❪ t❤❡ ❥✉✐❝❡ t❤❛t t❤❡ t✇♦ r❡st❧❡ss ❞✉r✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❤✉st❧❡
♣❛r❡♥ts ❤❛✈❡ ❧❡❞ t♦
✶✵✳✶✷✵✳✼ ❚❤♦✉ ❝❛✉s❡ t✇♦ ❡✈❡r✲✐♥✲♠♦t✐♦♥ ♣❛r❡♥ts t♦ ❜❡ st❛❜❧❡
✻✷ ✽✳✷✶✳✹ ❙✐♥❝❡ ✇❡✱ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥❧❡ss ❬❜✉t❪ ✐♥✇❛r❞❧②✲❡①❝✐t❡❞✱ ❤❛✈❡ r❛✐s❡❞ t❤❡❡
✇❤♦ ❤❛s ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s
✻✸ ✶✵✳✹✽✳✸ ❲✐t❤ ✇❤❛t ✇❛s ❛♥❞ ✐s t♦ ❜❡ ❞♦♥❡ t❤❡② r❛✐s❡ ♠❡✳
✽✳✽✷✳✹ ❲✐t❤ r❡❝✐t❡❞ ✈❡rs❡s t❤♦✉ ❛r❡ ✐♥✈♦❦❡❞ ✐♥t♦ t❤❡ ❤✐❣❤❡st ❧✉♠✐♥♦✉s
s♣❤❡r❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥✳
✻✹ ✽✳✹✳✷ ❬✐❢❪ Kanva✲s✱ ❝♦♥✈❡②✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡❡❪ ❜② ❛ ❤②♠♥ ♦❢ ♣r❛✐s❡✱ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ s❛❝r❡❞
❢♦r♠✉❧❛s r❛✐s❡. t❤❡❡✱✳✳
✻✺ ✶✳✺✻✳✶ ❖✛ ❢r♦♠ ❬❜❡✐♥❣ s❛t✐s✜❡❞ ✇✐t❤ ❥✉st ❛❪ ❧❛❞❧❡ ♦❢ t❤❛t✱ t❤✐s ♦♥❡ ✐♥ ❢r♦♥t
♦❢ ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥t ❬❧✐❜❛t✐♦♥s❪ ❬r❛✐s❡s ❤✐♠s❡❧❢❪ ❢♦rt❤ ✖ ❧✐❦❡ ❛♥ ✐♠♣❛t✐❡♥t ❝♦✉rs❡r
r❛✐s❡s ❤✐♠s❡❧❢ ✉♣ ❬t♦ ♠♦✉♥t❪ ❛ ♠❛r❡✳
✶✵✳✶✶✶✳✷ ❍❡ st♦♦❞ ✉♣ ✇✐t❤ ❛ ❝♦♥tr♦❧❧✐♥❣ ❤♦✇❧
✻✳✶✾✳✷ ✇❤♦ ❥✉st ✐♥ ❛♥ ✐♥st❛♥t ❤❛s ❝♦♠♣❧❡t❡❧② ❡❧❡✈❛t❡❞ ❤✐♠s❡❧❢
✻✻ ✽✳✷✹✳✷✼ ✇❤♦ ❬r✐s❡s❪ ❢r♦♠ ❝♦♥❞✉❝t✐♥❣ ✉♣✇❛r❞s ❬❛❜♦❞❡❪ ♠✐❞st t❤❡ s❡✈❡♥ r✐✈❡rs
✻✼ ✽✳✻✾✳✼✳ ❲❤❡♥ ❬Soma❪ ❛♥❞ Indra s❤❛❧❧ ❣♦ ✉♣ ❤♦♠❡✱ t♦ t❤❡ ❤✐❣❤❡st ♣♦✐♥t✱ ✐♥
t❤❡ ❢♦♦t♣r✐♥t ♦❢ ❬♦✉r❪ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥ ❬Vis.n.u❪ ✇❡ t✇♦✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❞r❛♥❦ t❤❡ ❤♦♥❡②
t❤r✐❝❡ s❡✈❡♥ t✐♠❡s✱ ♠✐❣❤t ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s✳
✻✽ ✶✳✶✺✺✳✶ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥②✐♥❣✲✈✐s✐♦♥s ♠✐❣❤t② ❤❡r♦ ❛♥❞ Visnu❀ ❬t❤♦s❡ t✇♦❪✱ ✇❤♦ ♦♥
t♦♣ ♦❢ t❤❡ ♠♦✉♥t❛✐♥s ❬❛r❡❪ ✉♥❞❡❝❡✐✈❡❞✱ ❣❧❛❞❧② ❤❛✈❡. . st❛②❡❞ ❬t❤❡ ❝♦✉rs❡❪ ❛s
✐❢ ✇✐t❤ ❧❡❛❞✐♥❣ str❛✐❣❤t t♦ ❛ ❣♦❛❧ ❝♦✉rs❡r✳
✻✾ ✶✳✸✵✳✻ ❙t❛② ✉♣r✐❣❤t t♦ ❤❡❧♣ ✉s ❞✉r✐♥❣ t❤✐s r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r
✹✹ ▼❛♥✐❢❡st✐♥❣ Indra
❆❢t❡r ❜❡✐♥❣ r❛✐s❡❞✱ Indra ♠❛♥✐❢❡sts ❤✐♠s❡❧❢ ✼✵ ♦r ✐s ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❡❞
✼✶
❜② Soma
✼✷ ♦r ❜② ✐ts ❡✛❡❝ts ✼✸ ✳ ▼❛♥✐❢❡st❛t✐♦♥ ❞♦❡s ♥♦t ♥❡❝❡ss❛r✐❧②
♦❝❝✉r ✐♥ t❤❡ ♣❧❛❝❡ Indra ✇❛s r❛✐s❡❞ ♦r ❡❧❡✈❛t❡❞ t♦✱ ❜✉t ❤❛♣♣❡♥s
✐♥ ♦♥❡ ♦r ♠♦r❡ ✏❛❜♦❞❡s✑
✼✹ ✱ ♦r✱ ❧❡ss s♣❡❝✐✜❝❛❧❧②✱ ✐♥ ❜♦t❤ Rodas✲❡s ✼✺ ✳
✼✻
▼❛♥✐❢❡st❛t✐♦♥ ✐s s✉❞❞❡♥ ✳ ■❢ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st✐♥❣ Indra ✐s ✇❡❧❧✲♣r❛❝t✐❝❡❞ ❛t✱
✐t ♠✐❣❤t ♦❝❝✉r ✇✐t❤♦✉t ❡①♣❧✐❝✐t❧② ❣♦✐♥❣ t❤r♦✉❣❤ ❛❧❧ ♣r❡✈✐♦✉s st❡♣s
✼✼
✭✐♥✢❛♠✐♥❣✱ s❤❛♣✐♥❣✱ ❡t❝✳✮✱ ❛♥❞✴♦r t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ s✐❞❡✲❡✛❡❝ts
✼✽ ✳ ❚♦
♠❛t✉r❡ ♦♥❡✬s ♣r❛❝t✐❝❡s✱ Indra s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❡❞ ✏❛s ✐s♦❧❛t❡❞✑
✼✾ ✳

❆❢t❡r ❜❡✐♥❣ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❡❞✱ Indra ♣r♦❞✉❝❡s s♦✉♥❞s ❛♥❞ s♣❡❡❝❤

✽✵ ✱
❡①♣❛♥❞s ❤✐♠s❡❧❢
✽✶ ❛♥❞ ❣r♦✇s str♦♥❣❡r✽✷ ✱ ♦r ✐s ♠❛❞❡ t♦ s♣r❡❛❞✽✸

✼✵ ✶✳✶✷✶✳✻ ◆♦✇ t❤❛t ❤❡✱ ✇❤♦ ❝❛rr✐❡s ❬❛❝r♦ss❪✱ ❤❛s ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❡❞ ❤✐♠s❡❧❢✱✳✳
✶✳✻✸✳✶ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❡❞ ❤✐♠s❡❧❢ ❜② ✜ts ♦❢ ❢❡r✈♦r
✼✶ ✽✳✹✺✳✹ ❙❧❛②❡r ♦❢ Vrtra✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❜❡❡♥ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❡❞✱✳✳
.
✼✷ ✶✵✳✾✻✳✺ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❡❞✲❜②✲♣❛❧❡✲②❡❧❧♦✇
✸✳✹✵✳✻ ❚❤♦✉ ❛r❡ ♠❛❞❡ t♦ ❛♣♣❡❛r ✇✐t❤ str❡❛♠s ♦❢ ❤♦♥❡②
✼✸ ✻✳✶✼✳✹ ❚❤♦s❡✱ t❤❡ r❛♣t✉r❡s ❬♦❢ Soma ❧✐❜❛t✐♦♥s❪ ❬♠❛♥✐❢❡st❡❞❪ t❤❡❡ ❡①t❡♥s✐✈❡❧②
✼✹ ✽✳✷✶✳✹ ✇❤✐❝❤ ❛❜♦❞❡s ❛r❡ ❬♣r❡♣❛r❡❞❪ ❢♦r t❤❡❡✱ ♠❛❦❡ ❬t❤②❪ ❛♣♣❡❛r❛♥❝❡ t❤r♦✉❣❤
❛❧❧ ♦❢ t❤❡♠ ✖ t♦ ❞r✐♥❦ Soma✦
✽✳✹✳✶✸ ❆❜♦✈❡ ❬t❤❡ ❤✐❣❤❡st ♣♦✐♥t❪ ♦❢ t❤❡ r❡❞❞❡♥✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♣r❡ss✐♥❣ st♦♥❡s ♠❛♥✲
✐❢❡st ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ✐s ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡❞ ❛t ♣r♦❝❡❡❞✐♥❣ ♦♥ ✐ts ✇❛② ❬s❛❝r✐✜❝❡❪✳
✼✺ ✶✵✳✶✸✹✳✶ ❲❤❡♥ t❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ✜❧❧❡❞ ❜♦t❤ Rodas✲❡s ❧✐❦❡ ❉❛✇♥ ❬❞♦❡s❪✱ ❬✐t ♠❡❛♥s
t❤❛t❪ t❤❡ ❣❡♥✐tr✐① devı̄ ❤❛s ♣r♦❞✉❝❡❞ ❬t❤❡❡❪
✸✳✸✵✳✺ ❊✈❡♥ t❤❡s❡ t✇♦ ♥♦♥✲❡①tr❡♠❡ ❬✐♥ t❤❡✐r ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❛t✐♦♥s❪ Rodas✲❡s✱ ❖
Indra✱ ✇❤❡♥ t❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ ❣r❛s♣ t❤❡♠✱ ❖ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡✱ ❬❛r❡❪ ❢♦r t❤❡❡ ❥✉st ❛
✇❛② t♦ ❛♣♣❡❛r✳
✼✻ ✼✳✷✵✳✷ ❤❡ s❤❛❧❧ s✉❞❞❡♥❧② ♣r❡s❡♥t ❬❤✐♠s❡❧❢ ❪ t♦ ❛ ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡r
✽✳✾✻✳✷✶ ❬❤❡ ✐s❪ ❛t ♦♥❝❡ ❜❡❝♦♠✐♥❣ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❡❞ ❬✇❤❡♥ ❤❡ ✐s ❛❜♦✉t❪ t♦✲❜❡✲❝❛❧❧❡❞✲
✉♣♦♥
✼✼ ✶✵✳✼✸✳✹ ❚❤♦✉ ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤ t❤❡ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡ ❛❧❧ ❛t ♦♥❝❡✱ ❬❜❡✐♥❣❪ ❡①♣❡❞✐t✐♦✉s✱
✼✽ ✽✳✾✼✳✶✶ ❬✐❢ ❤✐s❪ r❡❛❧♠ ✐s ♠❛✐♥t❛✐♥❡❞ ✈✐❣♦r♦✉s❧②✱ ❬❤❡ ✐s ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❡❞❪ t♦❣❡t❤❡r
✇✐t❤ s✐❞❡✲❡✛❡❝ts
✼✾ ✹✳✷✺✳✼ ❤❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❡❞ ❛s ✐s♦❧❛t❡❞ ❬❢r♦♠ ♦t❤❡r deva✲s❪ ❢♦r ❤✐♠
✇❤♦ ♣r❡ss❡s ♦✉t Soma t♦ ♠❛t✉r❡ ❬❤✐s ♣r❛❝t✐❝❡s❪
✺✳✸✹✳✺ ❍❡ ❞♦❡s ♥♦t ✇✐s❤ t♦ ❣❛✐♥ ❛ ❢♦♦t✐♥❣ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ✜✈❡ ❬♦r❪ t❡♥ ❬deva✲s❪
✽✵ ✶✵✳✶✶✶✳✷ ❍❡ st♦♦❞ ✉♣ ✇✐t❤ ❛ ❝♦♥tr♦❧❧✐♥❣ ❤♦✇❧
✽✳✹✺✳✹ ❙❧❛②❡r ♦❢ Vr.tra✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❜❡❡♥ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❡❞✱ t❛❦✐♥❣ ❛♥ ❛rr♦✇✱ ✇♦✉❧❞
❛s❦ ✈❛r✐♦✉s q✉❡st✐♦♥s ♦❢ ❬❤✐s❪ ♠♦t❤❡r✱ ✏❲❤♦ ❛r❡ ❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s ♦♥❡s❄ ❲❤♦ ❤❛✈❡
❧❡❛r♥❡❞ ❬t❤❡ s❦✐❧❧s❪❄✑
✽✳✻✳✹✵ ❍❛✈✐♥❣ ❣r♦✇♥ ✉♣ t♦ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ❜❡❛r✐♥❣✲t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t ❜✉❧❧✱ s❧❛②❡r ♦❢
Vr.tra✱ ❜❡st ❞r✐♥❦❡r ♦❢ Soma✱ ❤♦✇❧❡❞ ❧♦✉❞❧②✳
✶✳✶✼✽✳✸ ❍❡ ✇✐❧❧ r❛✐s❡ ✉♣ ❝❤❛♥ts ✐❢✱ ❛t ❧❡❛st✱ ❤❡ ✇♦✉❧❞ ❝♦♠❡ ✐♥t♦ ❜❡✐♥❣✳
✽✶ ✶✳✽✶✳✺ ❚❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ❣r♦✇♥ ❜❡②♦♥❞ ❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣✳
✶✵✳✶✸✹✳✶ ❲❤❡♥ t❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ✜❧❧❡❞ ❜♦t❤ Rodas✲❡s ❧✐❦❡ ❉❛✇♥ ❬❞♦❡s❪ ✳✳✳
✽✳✻✳✹✵ ❍❛✈✐♥❣ ❣r♦✇♥ ✉♣ t♦ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ✳✳✳
✽✷ ✺✳✸✸✳✷ ❚❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ ✐♥❝r❡❛s❡ ✐♥ ✐♥t❡♥s✐t②
✷✳✷✷✳✸ ❤❡ ❤❛s ❜❡❝♦♠❡ str♦♥❣❡r s✐♠✉❧t❛♥❡♦✉s❧② ✇✐t❤ ❢r❡♥③②
✽✸ ✻✳✶✾✳✶ ❤❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ❤❡❧♣ ♦❢ ❬❤✐s❪ ♠❛❦❡rs ✇❡❧❧ ❢♦r♠❡❞✱ ❬❛♥❞❪ ✇✐❞❡
s♣r❡❛❞✐♥❣✳
❛♥❞ ❣r♦✇
✽✹ ✳
❆❧t❤♦✉❣❤ Indra ✐s ❡①♣❡❝t❡❞ t♦ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❧✐s❤ s♦♠❡t❤✐♥❣ ✇♦♥❞❡r✲
✽✺ ✱
❢✉❧ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st✐♥❣ Indra ❛♥❞ ❝♦♥s❡q✉❡♥❝❡s ♦❢ ✐t ❛r❡ ♥♦t q✉✐t❡

♣r❡❞✐❝t❛❜❧❡
✽✻ ✳

◗✉❛❧✐t✐❡s ❛♥❞ ❡✛❡❝ts ♦❢ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❡❞ Indra

❏✉st ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❡❞ Indra ❤❛s ✈✐❣♦✉r
✶ ❛♥❞ ✈❡❤❡♠❡♥t
✷ ♦r ❡①tr❡♠❡
✸ ❛♣✲

♣❡❛r❛♥❝❡❀ r❡s❡♠❜❧✐♥❣ ❛ ❜✉❧❧

✹ ♦r ❛♣♣❡❛r✐♥❣ ❛s ❛
✺
❜✉❧❧ ✱ ❤❡ ❤❛s t❤r✉st
✻
♦❢ ❛ ❜✉❧❧✱ ✐s ♦✈❡r♣♦✇❡r✐♥❣ ✱ ❛♥❞✱ ❞❡s♣✐t❡ ❜❡✐♥❣ ❥✉st ❜♦r♥✱ s❝❛tt❡rs
✼
❡♥❡♠✐❡s ✳

▼❛♥✐❢❡st❡❞ Indra ✐s ✇✐t❤♦✉t ❛ r✐✈❛❧✽ ✱ ✐♥✈✐♥❝✐❜❧❡✾ ✱ ❛♥❞ s✉r♣❛ss✐♥❣

❛♥❞ s✉♣❡r✐♦r t♦ ❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣
✶✵

✽✹ ✽✳✹✺✳✶✻ ■t ✐s t❤❡s❡ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣✲Soma ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s ❬✇❤♦❪ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Indra✱

❢❛tt❡♥✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡❡❪ ❛s ❛ ❞♦♠❡st✐❝ ❛♥✐♠❛❧✳
✷✳✷✷✳✸ ♠❛❞❡ ❢✉❧❧✲❣r♦✇♥ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ❛s♣❡❝ts ♦❢ ✈❛❧♦r
✽✺ ✷✳✷✵✳✻ ❚❤❡♥ ❤❡✱ deva ❢❛♠❡❞ ❛s Indra ❜② ♥❛♠❡✱ r✐s✐♥❣✱ s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❢♦r ❛
♠❛♥ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❧✐s❤✐♥❣ ♠♦st ✇♦♥❞❡r❢✉❧ ❞❡❡❞s✳
✽✻ ✸✳✸✼✳✶ ❋♦r ❦✐❧❧✐♥❣ Vr.tra✬s ❦✐♥❞✱ ❢♦r t❤❡ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡ t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱ ❛♥❞ ❢♦r ✈✐❝t♦r②
✐♥ t❤❡ ❜❛tt❧❡ ✇❡ r♦❧❧ t❤❡❡ ❬❛s ❛ ❞✐❝❡❪✱ ❖ Indra✦
✶ ✶✳✶✶✳✹ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ✐♠♠❡♥s❡ ✈✐❣♦✉r ❤❡ ❝❛♠❡ ✐♥t♦ ❡①✐st❡♥❝❡
✷ ✻✳✷✷✳✾ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ✈❡❤❡♠❡♥t ❛♣♣❡❛r❛♥❝❡ ♦♥❡
✸ ✺✳✸✵✳✺ ❲❤❡♥ t❤♦✉✱ t❤❡ ✉❧t✐♠❛t❡ ♦♥❡✱ ❤❛✈❡ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❡❞ t❤②s❡❧❢ ❛s ❛♥ ❡①tr❡♠❡
♦♥❡
✶✳✶✼✸✳✻ ❲❤❡♥ t❤✉s✱ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ✐♥❝r❡❛s❡ ✐♥ s✐③❡✱ ❤❡ ✐s ♣r❡s❡♥t
❢♦r t❤❡ ♠❡♥ ✐♥ ❛♥ ❡①tr❛♦r❞✐♥❛r② ❞❡❣r❡❡✱ ❜♦t❤ Rodas✲❡s r❡❛❞✐❧② ❛r❡ ❢♦r ❤✐♠
✖ ❛s ✐❢ ❬❜❡✐♥❣ ❛❪ ❧✉r❦✐♥❣ ♣❧❛❝❡✳
✹ ✸✳✹✽✳✶ ❘❡s❡♠❜❧✐♥❣ ❛ ❜✉❧❧ ②♦✉t❤✱ ✐♥ t❤❡ ✈❡r② ♠♦♠❡♥t ❬❤❡ ✇❛s❪ ❜♦r♥ ✳✳✳
✺ ✽✳✾✸✳✼ ❍❡✱ t❤❡ ❜✉❧❧✱ s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❛♣♣❡❛r✐♥❣ ❛s ❛ ❜✉❧❧
✻ ✺✳✸✺✳✸ ❙✐♥❝❡ t❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ❡♠❡r❣❡❞ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❤❡ t❤r✉st ♦❢ ❛ ❜✉❧❧✱ ✇✐t❤ ❬t❤❡s❡❪
❤❡❧♣❡rs ❬t❤♦✉ ❛r❡❪ ♦✈❡r♣♦✇❡r✐♥❣✳
✷✳✷✷✳✸ ♠❛❞❡ ❢✉❧❧✲❣r♦✇♥ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ❛s♣❡❝ts ♦❢ ✈❛❧♦r✱ ❬❤❡ ❜❡❝♦♠❡s❪ ❤❛✈✐♥❣✲
✇❛②s✲t♦✲♣r❡✈❛✐❧
✼ ✶✵✳✶✷✵✳✶ ❍❛✈✐♥❣ ❜❡❡♥ ❜♦r♥✱ ✐♥ t❤❡ ✈❡r② ♠♦♠❡♥t✱ ❤❡✱ ✇❤♦♠ ❛❧❧ ❤❡❧♣❡rs ❝❤❡❡r
♦♥✱ s❝❛tt❡rs ❡♥❡♠✐❡s✳
✶✵✳✶✶✸✳✹ ❏✉st ❜♦r♥✱ ❤❡ s❝❛r❡❞ ❛✇❛② ❛❞✈❡rs❛r✐❡s
✽ ✶✳✶✵✷✳✽ ❜❡❝❛✉s❡ ♦❢ ❝✐r❝✉♠st❛♥❝❡s ♦❢ ❬t❤②❪ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❛t✐♦♥✱ ❢r♦♠ ♦❢ ♦❧❞ t❤♦✉
❛r❡ ✇✐t❤♦✉t ❛ r✐✈❛❧✳
✶✵✳✷✽✳✻ ■ ✏❣r✐♥❞ ❞♦✇♥✑ ♠❛♥② t❤♦✉s❛♥❞s ❛t t❤❡ s❛♠❡ t✐♠❡✱ s✐♥❝❡ t❤❡ ♣r♦✲
❣❡♥✐t♦r ❤❛s ❝r❡❛t❡❞ ♠❡ ✇✐t❤♦✉t ❛ r✐✈❛❧✳
✾ ✼✳✷✽✳✷✲✸ ❲❤❡♥ t❤♦✉ ❤❛s ♣✉t t❤❡ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t ✐♥t♦ ❛ ❤❛♥❞✱ ❜❡✐♥❣ t❡rr✐❢②✐♥❣
❜❡❝❛✉s❡ ♦❢ ❬t❤②❪ r❡s♦✉r❝❡❢✉❧♥❡ss✱ t❤♦✉ ✇❡r❡ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❡❞ ❛s ❛♥ ✐♥✈✐♥❝✐❜❧❡ ♦♥❡
✇❤❡♥ t❤r♦✉❣❤ t❤② ♦✇♥ ♣r❡❞✐s♣♦s✐t✐♦♥ t❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ❝♦♥♥❡❝t❡❞ t✇♦ Rodas✲❡s
❛s ❬t❤♦✉ ❞✐❞❪ r❡♣❡❛t❡❞❧② ❝❛❧❧✐♥❣ ✉♣♦♥ ❬t❤❡❡❪ ♠❡♥
✶✵ ✶✳✶✵✾✳✻ ❉✉r✐♥❣ ❝❛❧❧s t♦ ❜❛tt❧❡ ②♦✉ t✇♦ ❤❛✈❡ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ s✉r♣❛ss✐♥❣ t❤♦s❡ ❞r❛✇✲
✐♥❣ t♦ t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s✱ s✉r♣❛ss✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤ ❛♥❞ t♦ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥✱ s✉r♣❛ss✐♥❣
r✐✈❡rs✱ s✉r♣❛ss✐♥❣ ♠♦✉♥t❛✐♥s ✖ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ②♦✉r ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ✐♥❝r❡❛s❡ ✐♥ s✐③❡✱
❖ Indra ❬❛♥❞❪ Agni✱ s✉r♣❛ss✐♥❣ ❛❧❧ ♦t❤❡r ♣❧❛❝❡s ♦❢ ❡①✐st❡♥❝❡✳
✹✻ ◗✉❛❧✐t✐❡s ♦❢ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❡❞ Indra
■t ✐s ❛❧s♦ s❛✐❞ t❤❛t ❤✐s ❛♣♣❡❛r❛♥❝❡ ✐s ❣♦❧❞❡♥
✶✶ ❛♥❞ ❤❛s ❡♥❝❤❛♥t❡❞
❢❡❛t✉r❡s
✶✷ ✳ ❍❡ ❜❡❛rs t❤❡ ❝❤❛r❛❝t❡r✐st✐❝ ♠❛r❦✶✸ ✭♣r♦❜✳ t❤❡ ❢✉r②✱ t❤❡
❞✐✈✐♥❡ ✇r❛t❤✮✱ ❛♥❞ ♠❛② ❜❡ ❝❤❛r❛❝t❡r✐③❡❞ ❛s ✏❞❡❡♣✑ ✳
✶✹

❏✉st ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❡❞ Indra ✐s t❤✐rst② ❢♦r Soma✶✺ t♦ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❛❝t✐✈❡

✶✻
✶✼
❛♥❞ str♦♥❣ ✳
❍❡ ♠❛♥✐❢❡sts ❤✐s ♣r❡s❡♥❝❡ ❜② ✐♥❞✉❝✐♥❣ ✜ts ♦❢ ❢❡r✈♦r
✶✽ ❛♥❞ ❜②
✶✾
✉♥❧❡❛s❤✐♥❣ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❛♥❞ ❜♦❞✐❧② ✈✐❣♦✉r ✳
Indra ❜r✐♥❣s ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t✐♦♥ t♦ t❤❡ ❝♦♥s❝✐♦✉s ♠✐♥❞✷✵ ❛♥❞ ♠❛❦❡s t❤❡
♠✐♥❞ st❡❛❞②
✷✶ ✳ ❍❡ ♠❛❦❡s t❤❡ ❜♦❞② ✜r♠✷✷ ❛♥❞ str♦♥❣❡r✷✸ ✱ ♠✉s❝❧❡s
✷✹
♥♦t tr❡♠❜❧✐♥❣ ✱ ❛♥❞ ❝r❡❛t❡s ♠♦r❡ s♣❛❝❡ ❢♦r t❤❡ ✈✐t❛❧ ❛✐rs
✷✺ ✳

■♥ Indra t❤❡r❡ ❛r❡ ❜✉❧❧✐s❤ r❛♣t✉r❡✱ ❞✐✈✐♥❡ ✈♦✐❝❡✱ ✈❡rs❡s

✷✻ ❀ ❤❡
✐♥❞✉❝❡s ❝❤❛♥t✐♥❣
✷✼ ✳

✹✳✸✵✳✶ ◆♦ ♦♥❡ ❬✐s❪ s✉♣❡r✐♦r t♦ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Indra✱✳✳

✶✶ ✺✳✸✽✳✷ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❣♦❧❞❡♥ ❛♣♣❡❛r❛♥❝❡ ♦♥❡
✶✷ ✶✵✳✾✻✳✸ ❡♥❝❤❛♥t❡❞ ❢❡❛t✉r❡s ❤❛s ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ♣r❡s❡♥t ✐♥ Indra
✶✸ ✺✳✸✵✳✺ ❲❤❡♥ t❤♦✉✱ t❤❡ ✉❧t✐♠❛t❡ ♦♥❡✱ ❤❛✈❡ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❡❞ t❤②s❡❧❢ ❛s ❛♥ ❡①tr❡♠❡
♦♥❡✱ ❜❡❛r✐♥❣ ❢❛r✲❛♥❞✲✇✐❞❡ t❤❡ ❢❛♠♦✉s ♠❛r❦
✶✹ ✸✳✹✻✳✹ ❞❡❡♣ t❤r♦✉❣❤ ❝✐r❝✉♠st❛♥❝❡s ♦❢ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❛t✐♦♥
✶✺ ✸✳✹✽✳✶ ❘❡s❡♠❜❧✐♥❣ ❛ ❜✉❧❧ ②♦✉t❤✱ ✐♥ t❤❡ ✈❡r② ♠♦♠❡♥t ❬❤❡ ✇❛s❪ ❜♦r♥✱ ✐♠♣❡❧❧❡❞
t♦ ♦✛❡r ❬❤✐♠ ❛ ❞r❛✉❣❤t❪ ♦❢ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❢r♦♠ ❛♥ ❤❡r❜ ❬Soma❪✳
✸✳✸✷✳✾ t❤♦✉ r❡❛❧❧② ❞r❛♥❦ Soma ✐♥ t❤❡ ✈❡r② ♠♦♠❡♥t ❬t❤♦✉❪ ✇❡r❡ ❜♦r♥
✶✻ ✸✳✸✻✳✷ ❋r♦♠ ♦❢ ♦❧❞ ❞r♦♣s ♦❢ Soma ❛r❡ ❦♥♦✇♥ t♦ ❜❡ ❢♦r Indra✱ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢
✇❤✐❝❤ t❤❡ s❦✐❧❧❢✉❧ ♦♥❡✱ ♠✉s❝✉❧❛r ❧✐❦❡ ❛ ❜✉❧❧✱ ❬❜❡❝♦♠❡s❪ ❛❝t✐✈❡✳
✶✼ ✼✳✾✽✳✸ ❍❛✈✐♥❣ ❜❡❡♥ ❜♦r♥✱ t❤♦✉ ❞r❛♥❦ Soma ❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣
str❡♥❣t❤
✶✽ ✶✳✻✸✳✶ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❡❞ ❤✐♠s❡❧❢ ❜② ✜ts ♦❢ ❢❡r✈♦r
✶✾ ✶✳✶✵✹✳✶ ❬t❤♦✉✱❪ s❡tt✐♥❣✲❢r❡❡ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❛♥❞ ❜♦❞✐❧② ✈✐❣♦✉r t❤r♦✉❣❤♦✉t t❤❡ ❞❛r❦✲
♥❡ss ♦❢ ❡❛r❧② ♠♦r♥✐♥❣✱ ❬❛♥❞ ✉♥❤❛r♥❡ss✐♥❣❪ ❢♦r ❢♦♦❞ t❤❡ ❤♦rs❡s ❬t❤❛t ❛r❡❪
❜❡tt❡r ❛t ❝♦♥✈❡②✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡❡❪ ❛t t❤❡ st❛rt ♦❢ t❤❡ ❞❛②
✷✵ ✸✳✹✹✳✹ ❍❛✈✐♥❣ ❡♠❡r❣❡❞✱ ❡♥❝❤❛♥t❡❞ ❜✉❧❧ s❤✐♥❡s ✉♣♦♥ ❡♥t✐r❡ ❧✉♠✐♥♦✉s s♣❤❡r❡✳
✷✶ ✺✳✸✵✳✹ ❚❤❡ ✈❡r② ♠♦♠❡♥t ❬t❤♦✉ ✇❡r❡❪ ❜♦r♥✱ t❤♦✉ ♠❛❞❡ t❤❡ ♠✐♥❞ st❡❛❞②
✷✳✶✷✳✷ ✇❤♦ ♣r♦♣♣❡❞ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥
✽✳✶✷✳✼ ❧✐❦❡ t❤❡ s✉♥ ❤❡ ❝❛✉s❡❞ t❤❡ t✇♦ Rodas✲❡s t♦ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ str♦♥❣❡r
✷✷ ✷✳✶✷✳✷ ❲❤♦ ❣♦✐♥❣ ❛str❛② ❊❛rt❤ ♠❛❞❡ ✜r♠
✸✳✺✸✳✽ ❚❤❡ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡ ✇❛s ❛ss✉♠✐♥❣ ❢♦r♠ ❛❢t❡r ❢♦r♠ ❡✛❡❝t✐♥❣ ♣♦✇❡rs t♦
❝♦♥✜❣✉r❡ ❬♣❤②s✐♦❧♦❣✐❝❛❧ ♣r♦❝❡ss❡s❪ ❛❧❧ ♦✈❡r ❤✐s ❜♦❞②
✷✸ ✽✳✶✷✳✼ ❧✐❦❡ t❤❡ s✉♥ ❤❡ ❝❛✉s❡❞ t❤❡ t✇♦ Rodas✲❡s t♦ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ str♦♥❣❡r
✽✳✽✾✳✺ ❲❤❡♥ t❤♦✉ ✇❡r❡ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❡❞ ✐♥ ♦r❞❡r t♦ s❧❛② Vr.tra t❤❡♥ t❤♦✉ ♠❛❞❡
t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤ t♦ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❧❛r❣❡r✱ ❛♥❞ t❤❡♥ t❤♦✉ ♣r♦♣♣❡❞ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥
✺✳✸✵✳✼ t❤r♦✉❣❤ ❝✐r❝✉♠st❛♥❝❡s ♦❢ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❛t✐♦♥ ❞r✐✈✐♥❣ ❛♥ ✐♥❝r❡❛s❡ ❬✐♥
str❡♥❣t❤✱ s♣❡❡❞✱ ❡t❝✳❪
✹✳✷✵✳✻ ❤❡ ✐s ✳✳✱ ❛❧✇❛②s ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❡❞ ❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ str❡♥❣t❤
✻✳✸✽✳✺ ❬✇❤♦ ✐s❪ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❡❞ ❝♦♠♣❧❡t❡❧② ❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ str❡♥❣t❤
✻✳✸✻✳✸ ▲❡❛❞✐♥❣✲✐♥✲t❤❡✲r✐❣❤t✲❞✐r❡❝t✐♦♥ s✐❞❡✲❡✛❡❝ts✱ ♠❛♥❧② ♣♦✇❡rs✱ ♠❛♥❧②
str❡♥❣t❤s✱ t❡❛♠s ♦❢ ❤♦rs❡s ❤❛✈❡ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❤✐♠✱ Indra✳
✷✹ ✷✳✶✷✳✷ ✇❤♦ ❝❛❧♠❡❞ ❛❣✐t❛t❡❞ ❦♥♦tt② ♦♥❡s
✷✺ ✷✳✶✷✳✷ ✇❤♦ ❤❛s ❛tt✉♥❡❞ t❤❡ ♠✐❞❞❧❡ r❡❣✐♦♥ t♦ ❜❡ ❜r♦❛❞❡r
✷✻ ✻✳✷✹✳✶
✷✼ ✶✳✶✼✽✳✸ ❍❡ ✇✐❧❧ r❛✐s❡ ✉♣ ❝❤❛♥ts ✐❢✱ ❛t ❧❡❛st✱ ❤❡ ✇♦✉❧❞ ❝♦♠❡ ✐♥t♦ ❜❡✐♥❣✳
 ✹✼
❍❡ ❣✐✈❡s t♦ ❤✐s ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡rs ❛❞✈❛♥t❛❣❡s ✖ ♠❛♥❧② ♣♦✇❡rs✱ ♠❛♥❧②
str❡♥❣t❤s✱ r❡s♦✉r❝❡❢✉❧♥❡ss✱ ❡t❝✳ ✖ t❤❛t ❛r❡ ❞❡❝✐s✐✈❡ ✐♥ ✉♥❝❡rt❛✐♥
✷✽
s✐t✉❛t✐♦♥s ✳ ❙✐❞❡✲❡✛❡❝ts ♦❢ Indra✬s ♣r❡s❡♥❝❡ ❛r❡ ♠❛♥② ❛♥❞ ✇✐❧❧ ❜❡
✷✾
❞❡s❝r✐❜❡❞ ✐♥ ❢♦❧❧♦✇✐♥❣ s❡❝t✐♦♥s✳

✷✽ ✻✳✸✻✳✸✱ ✸✳✹✺✳✸✱✳✳
✷✾ ✼✳✷✼✳✸ ❲❤❡♥ s♦♠❡t❤✐♥❣ t❤❛t ❝❛♥ ❣♦ ❜♦t❤ ✇❛②s ✐s ♦♥ t❤❡ ❣r♦✉♥❞✱ t❤❡♥ ❤❡
❣✐✈❡s ❜❡♥❡✜ts t♦ t❤❡ ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡r✳
P♦✇❡rs ❛♥❞ str❡♥❣t❤s ♦❢ Indra
❍❡r❡ ❛r❡ ❝❤❛r❛❝t❡r✐st✐❝ ♣♦✇❡rs ❛♥❞ str❡♥❣t❤s ♦❢ Indra✿
mahimán t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ✐♥❝r❡❛s❡ ✐♥ s✐③❡❀
mahitvā´ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❡①♣❛♥❞❀
távis.ı̄✲s ♣♦✇❡rs t♦ ❝♦♥tr♦❧❀
svadhā´ ❛♥❞ svarā´jya ♣♦✇❡rs ♦❢ s❡❧❢✲❞❡t❡r♠✐♥❛t✐♦♥ ❛♥❞ ❛✉t♦♥♦♠②❀
máhi ks.atrá ❡①t❡♥s✐✈❡ s✉♣r❡♠❛❝②❀
indriyá t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r ♦✈❡r ❛✛❡❝t✐♦♥s❀
nr.mn.á ❝♦✉r❛❣❡❀
sáhas ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ str❡♥❣t❤❀
śávas t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡❀
māyā´ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝♦♥✜❣✉r❡ ❝♦❣♥✐t✐♦♥ ❛♥❞ ♣❤②s✐♦❧♦❣✐❝❛❧ ♣r♦❝❡ss❡s❀
dyumná✲s ♣♦✇❡rs t♦ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t❡❀
krátu r❡s♦✉r❝❡❢✉❧♥❡ss❀
dáks.a t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r ❞✐s❝❡r♥♠❡♥t✳
❆❧s♦✱ ❡♥❛❜❧✐♥❣ ♣♦✇❡rs ✭śácı̄✲s✮ ✭✇❤✐❝❤✱ ♣r♦❜❛❜❧②✱ ❛r❡ ❥✉st ❧✐st❡❞
❛❜♦✈❡ ♣♦✇❡rs✮ ❛r❡ ♠❡♥t✐♦♥❡❞✶ ✳ ❚❤❡② ❛r❡ s❛✐❞ t♦ ❜❡ ♥♦♥✲❜✐♥❞✐♥❣
❛♥❞ ❧✐❦❡ ❝♦♥✈❡r❣✐♥❣ str❡❛♠s ♦❢ ♠✐❧❦✷ ✳
Indra ❝❛♥ ❡♥❡r❣✐③❡ t❤❡ ❛❧❧✲♣❡r✈❛❞✐♥❣ ✈✐t❛❧ ♣♦✇❡r ✭viśvā´yus✮ ❢♦r
❤✐s ❛❞❡♣ts ✸ ✱ ❛♥❞ ❜❡ t❤✐s ✈❡r② ♣♦✇❡r ❤✐♠s❡❧❢ ✹ ✳
✶ ✹✳✷✵✳✾ ❇② ✇❤❛t ✳✳✳ ❡♥❛❜❧✐♥❣ ♣♦✇❡r ❬❤❡ ✐s❪ ❜❡st ❛t ❛ss✐st✐♥❣❄
✶✳✶✵✸✳✷ t❤❡ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡ s❧❛②❡❞ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ❤❛s ♥♦ s❤♦✉❧❞❡r❜❧❛❞❡s ❜② ✉s✐♥❣
❡♥❛❜❧✐♥❣ ♣♦✇❡rs
✶✳✻✷✳✶✷ ❞♦ ✇✐s❤ t♦ ❤❡❧♣ ✉s ✇✐t❤ t❤② ❡♥❛❜❧✐♥❣ ♣♦✇❡rs
✸✳✺✸✳✷ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② ❡♥❛❜❧✐♥❣ ♣♦✇❡rs
✽✳✸✷✳✶✺ ◆♦ ♦♥❡ ✇✐❧❧ r❡str❛✐♥ ❤✐s ✇❡❧❧✲✜tt✐♥❣ ❡♥❛❜❧✐♥❣ ♣♦✇❡rs
✷ ✻✳✷✹✳✹ ❚❤②✱ ❖ ✈❡r②✲❤❡❧♣❢✉❧ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② ❡♥❛❜❧✐♥❣ ♣♦✇❡rs ♦♥❡✱ ♣♦✇❡rs
❬❛r❡❪ ❧✐❦❡ ❝♦♥✈❡r❣✐♥❣ str❡❛♠s ♦❢ ♠✐❧❦❀ ❧✐❦❡ ❝❛❧✈❡s✬ ❝♦r❞s✱ t❤② ✳✳✳ ❬♣♦✇❡rs✱
t❤♦✉❣❤❪ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ str✐♥❣s ❬✱ ❛r❡❪ ♥♦♥✲❜✐♥❞✐♥❣ ✳✳✳
✸ ✻✳✶✼✳✾ ❲❤❡♥ Indra ❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ ❜❡st♦✇✐♥❣✲♠❡❛♥s✲❬t♦✲❛❝t❪ ❛❧❧✲♣❡r✈❛❞✐♥❣
✈✐t❛❧ ♣♦✇❡r ❤❛❞ ❤✉r❧❡❞ t❤❡ s♥❛❦❡ ✐♥t♦ ❬✐ts❪ ❧❛✐r
✶✵✳✶✹✹✳✶ t❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ ❡♥❡r❣✐③❡ ❛❧❧✲♣❡r✈❛❞✐♥❣ ❧✐❢❡✲❢♦r❝❡ ❢♦r ❛♥ ❛❞❡♣t
✹ ✽✳✷✳✹ ❏✉st Indra ✳✳✳ ❬✐s❪ t❤❡ ❛❧❧✲♣❡r✈❛❞✐♥❣ ❧✐❢❡✲❢♦r❝❡ ✐♥s✐❞❡ deva✲s ❛♥❞ ♠♦r✲
t❛❧s✳
✸✳✸✶✳✶✽ ❬t❤♦✉✱❪ t❤❡ ❛❧❧✲♣❡r✈❛❞✐♥❣ ❧✐❢❡✲❢♦r❝❡✱ ❛♣♣❡❛r✐♥❣ ❛s ❛ ❜✉❧❧✱ ❣✐✈✐♥❣ ♠❡♥✲
t❛❧ ❛♥❞ ❜♦❞✐❧② ❡♥❡r❣②✱
✻✳✸✸✳✹ ❙✉❝❤ t❤♦✉ ✳✳✳ t❤❡ ❛❧❧✲♣❡r✈❛❞✐♥❣ ❧✐❢❡✲❢♦r❝❡✱ s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❢❛✈♦r✐♥❣ ✉s
t♦ ❜❡ str♦♥❣❡r
✻✳✸✹✳✺ ❚❤✐s ✇❛②✱ ❞✉r✐♥❣ ✈✐♦❧❡♥t ❤❛st❡♥✐♥❣ ♣❛st vr.tra✲s✱ Indra s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡ t❤❡
❛❧❧✲♣❡r✈❛❞✐♥❣ ❧✐❢❡✲❢♦r❝❡ ❛♥❞ ❛ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥✐♥❣ ❤❡❧♣❡r✳
❚❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ✐♥❝r❡❛s❡ ✐♥ s✐③❡ ❛♥❞ t♦ ❡①♣❛♥❞
Indra✬s ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ✐♥❝r❡❛s❡ ✐♥ s✐③❡ ♦r t♦ ❡①♣❛♥❞ ✐s ❣❡♥✉✐♥❡ ✱ ❛st♦♥✲
✶
✷ ✸ ✹
✐s❤✐♥❣ ❛♥❞ ❣r❡❛t ✳ ■t ✐s ❡①t♦❧❧❡❞ ❜② ❤✐s ❛❣✐t❛t❡❞ ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡rs ✳ ❚❤❡
s❛♠❡ ♣♦✇❡r✱ ♦r ♣♦✇❡rs✱ ❜❡❧♦♥❣s ❛❧s♦ t♦ Marut✲s ✭✶✳✽✺✳✷✱ ✶✳✶✻✼✳✼✮✱
Agni ✭✶✳✺✾✳✼✱ ✻✳✺✾✳✷✮✱ Soma ✭✾✳✻✷✳✷✼✮✱ Vis.n.u ✭✼✳✾✾✳✷✮✱ Varun.a
✭✽✳✺✾✳✺✮✱ Sarasvatı̄ ✭✻✳✻✶✳✶✸✮✱ Savitr. ✭✼✳✹✺✳✷✮✱ t❤❡ ❉❛✇♥ ✭✼✳✼✺✳✶✮✱
t❤❡ ❙✉♥ ✭✽✳✶✵✶✳✶✶✮✱ t❤❡ ✇❛t❡rs ✭✶✵✳✼✺✳✶✮✱ ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ✇✐♥❞ ✭✶✵✳✶✻✽✳✶✮✳
■t s❡❡♠s t❤❛t Indra✬s ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ✐♥❝r❡❛s❡ ✐♥ s✐③❡ ✐♥✐t✐❛❧❧② ❝♦♠❡s
❡✐t❤❡r ❢r♦♠ Soma ✖ ❤✐s ♠♦t❤❡r ♠❡♥t✐♦♥s ✐ts ♣r❡s❡♥❝❡ r✐❣❤t ❛❢t❡r
Indra ✐s ❜♦r♥ ❛♥❞ ❞r❛♥❦ Soma✺ ✱ ♦r ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ✏t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s✑ ✳
✻
✼
■t ♥❡❡❞s t♦ ❜❡ ✇♦r❦❡❞ ♦♥ t♦ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ s✉♣❡r✐♦r t♦ ♦❜st❛❝❧❡s ✖ ✐t ✐s
✽
♥♦t t♦ ❜❡ ♦❜t❛✐♥❡❞ ❛t ♦♥❝❡ ✳ ■t ❝❛♥ ❜❡ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥❡❞ ❜② Marut✲s
✾
❜② Vis.n.u✶✵ ✱ ♦r ❜② Indra ❤✐♠s❡❧❢ ❜② ❛♣♣♦rt✐♦♥✐♥❣ ❞❡r✐✈❡❞ ❢r♦♠
Soma ✈✐❣♦✉r t♦ ✐t
✶✶ ✳ Marut✲s ❝❛♥ ❜♦rr♦✇ t❤✐s ♣♦✇❡r ❢r♦♠ Indra✶✷ ✳
❚❤✐s ♣♦✇❡r ♠❛②❜❡ tr❛♥s❢❡rr❡❞ t♦ ❛♥❞ t❤✉s ❛tt❛✐♥❡❞ ❜② Indra ✇♦r✲
s❤✐♣❡rs
✶✹ ✳
Indra✬s ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ✐♥❝r❡❛s❡ ✐♥ s✐③❡ ✐s s♦ ❣r❡❛t✱ t❤❛t ♥♦t❤✐♥❣ ❝❛♥
❝♦♥t❛✐♥ ✐t
✶✺ ❢♦r ✐t ✐s s✉♣❡r✐♦r t♦ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥✱ t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤✱ ❛♥❞ t❤❡

✶ ✸✳✸✷✳✾ ❣❡♥✉✐♥❡ ✐s t❤❛t t❤② ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❡①♣❛♥❞

✷ ✻✳✺✾✳✷ t❤❡ ♠♦st ❛st♦♥✐s❤✐♥❣ ❤❡r❡✱ ❖ Indra✕Agni✱ ❬✐s❪ ②♦✉r ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ✐♥❝r❡❛s❡
✐♥ s✐③❡
✸ ✻✳✼✷✳✶ ❖ Indra ❛♥❞ Soma✱ ❣r❡❛t ❬✐s❪ t❤✐s ②♦✉r ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❡①♣❛♥❞✦
✹ ✽✳✸✳✽ ❚♦❞❛② ❤✐♠✱ ✜rst ♦❢ ❛❧❧✱ ❤✐s ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ✐♥❝r❡❛s❡ ✐♥ s✐③❡✱ t❤❡ ❛❣✐t❛t❡❞ ♦♥❡s
r❡♣❡❛t❡❞❧② ❡①t♦❧✳
✺ ✼✳✾✽✳✸ ❍❛✈✐♥❣ ❜❡❡♥ ❜♦r♥✱ t❤♦✉ ❞r❛♥❦ Soma ❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣
str❡♥❣t❤✱ t❤② ♠♦t❤❡r ♠❡♥t✐♦♥❡❞ ❬t❤②❪ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ✐♥❝r❡❛s❡ ✐♥ s✐③❡✳
✻ ✽✳✻✺✳✹ ▲❡t t❤♦s❡ ❜❡❛r✐♥❣ ♦♥ ❛ ❝❤❛r✐♦t✱ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s ❝♦♥✈❡② ❤❡r❡ t❤②✱ ❖ deva✱
♠✐❣❤t✱ t❤②✱ ❖ Indra✱ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ✐♥❝r❡❛s❡ ✐♥ s✐③❡✦
✼ ✶✵✳✶✶✸✳✶ ❲❤❡♥ ❤❡ ❦❡♣t ✇♦r❦✐♥❣ ❛t t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ✐♥❝r❡❛s❡ ✐♥ s✐③❡✱ ❬❛♥❞❪ ❛t
t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r ♦✈❡r ❛✛❡❝t✐♦♥s✱ ❞r✐♥❦✐♥❣ Soma✱ r❡s♦✉r❝❡❢✉❧✱ ❤❡ ❣r❡✇ str♦♥❣❡r✳
✽ ✽✳✸✳✶✵ ❚❤❛t ❤✐s ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ✐♥❝r❡❛s❡ ✐♥ s✐③❡ ✇❤✐❝❤ ❛ tr❡♠❜❧✐♥❣ ♦♥❡ ❝r✐❡s ❛❢t❡r
✐s ♥♦t t♦ ❜❡ ❛tt❛✐♥❡❞ ❛t ♦♥❝❡✳
✾ ✶✵✳✶✶✸✳✸ ❲❤❡♥ t❤♦✉✱ ❜❡❛r✐♥❣ ✇❡❛♣♦♥s✱ st♦♦❞ st✐❧❧ ✐♥ ♦r❞❡r t♦ ✜❣❤t ✇✐t❤ t❤❡
s♥❛❦❡✱ ✇✐t❤ Vr.tra ✖ t♦ ✉♥❞❡rst❛♥❞ t❤❡ s♣❡❧❧✱ ❛❧❧ Marut✲s✱ ✐♥❞❡❡❞ ❥♦✐♥t❧②✱
str❡♥❣t❤❡♥❡❞ t❤② ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ✐♥❝r❡❛s❡ ✐♥ s✐③❡✱ ❬❛♥❞❪ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r ♦✈❡r ❛✛❡❝t✐♦♥s
✶✵ ✶✵✳✶✶✸✳✷ ❚❤❛t ❤✐s ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ✈✐❣♦r♦✉s❧② ✐♥❝r❡❛s❡ ✐♥ s✐③❡ Visnu ❬str❡♥❣t❤❡♥❡❞❪
..
✶✶ ✷✳✶✼✳✷ ▲❡t ❤❡ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❬♠❛♥✐❢❡st❪ ✇❤♦ ✐♥❞❡❡❞ ❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ♠♦st ❡①✲
❝❡❧❧❡♥t ♥♦✉r✐s❤✐♥❣ ❝r♦ss❡❞ ♦✈❡r ❤❡r❡✱ ❛♣♣♦rt✐♦♥✐♥❣ ✈✐❣♦✉r t♦ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r ❬❢♦r
❤✐♠❪ t♦ ✐♥❝r❡❛s❡ ✐♥ s✐③❡❀
✶✷ ✸✳✸✶✳✶✼ ✳✳✳ ❛♠✐❛❜❧❡✱ str❛✐❣❤t✲❣♦✐♥❣ ♦♥❡s ✶✸ ❬❛r❡❪ ❛r♦✉♥❞ t♦ ♣❧✉❝❦ t❤② ♣♦✇❡r
t♦ ✐♥❝r❡❛s❡ ✐♥ s✐③❡ ❬❢♦r t❤❡✐r ♦✇♥ ❡①♣❛♥s✐♦♥❪✳
✶✹ ✶✵✳✺✹✳✸ ❲❤✐❝❤ s❡❡rs ❜❡❢♦r❡ ✉s ❤❛✈❡ s✉r❡❧② r❡❛❝❤❡❞ ❬t❤❛t❪ ❧✐♠✐t ♦❢ t❤② r❡❣✲
✉❧❛r ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ✐♥❝r❡❛s❡ ✐♥ s✐③❡ ✇❤❡♥ t❤♦✉ ♠❛❞❡ t❤❡ ♠♦t❤❡r ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ❢❛t❤❡r
t♦❣❡t❤❡r t♦ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st ❬t❤❡❡❪ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡✐r ♦✇♥ ❜♦❞②❄
✽✳✸✳✶✸ ❋♦r s✉r❡❧② t❤♦s❡ ❬❥✉st❪ ❡①t♦❧❧✐♥❣ svar ❤❛✈❡ ♥♦t ♦❜t❛✐♥❡❞ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r ♦❢
✐♥❝r❡❛s❡ ✐♥ s✐③❡✱ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r ♦✈❡r ❛✛❡❝t✐♦♥s ♦❢ t❤✐s ♦♥❡✳
✶✺ ✼✳✷✶✳✻ ❖♥❡ s❤❛❧❧ ♥♦t ❝♦♥t❛✐♥ t❤② ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ✐♥❝r❡❛s❡ ✐♥ s✐③❡✱ ❬❛♥❞ ✐ts❪ r❡❣✐♦♥s✳
✺✵ P♦✇❡rs ♦❢ Indra

✐♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ s♣❛❝❡✶✻ ✱ t❤✉s ❛❧❧♦✇✐♥❣ Indra t♦ ❡①t❡♥❞ ❤✐♠s❡❧❢ ❧✐❦❡ ❛

s❡❛ ✭❛t ❤✐❣❤ t✐❞❡✮✶✼ ✳ Indra ✐s ♠✐❣❤t② ❜❡❝❛✉s❡ ♦❢ t❤✐s ♣♦✇❡r✶✽ ✳
❚❤✐s ♣♦✇❡r ❡♥❝♦♠♣❛ss❡s t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤ ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ❢r♦♠ ❛❧❧
s✐❞❡s ✶✾ ❛♥❞ t❤r♦✉❣❤♦✉t✷✵ ❀ ✉s✐♥❣ ✐t✱
Indra ❞r✐✈❡s t❤❡♠ ❛♣❛rt✷✶ ✳ ■t
r❡❛❝❤❡s ❜❡②♦♥❞ t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤ ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥✷✷ ✱ ❛♥❞ ❜❡❝♦♠❡s ❞♦♠✐✲
♥❛t✐♥❣ ❛❧❧ ♣❧❛❝❡s ♦❢ ❡①✐st❡♥❝❡✷✸ ✳
❇② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ t❤✐s ♣♦✇❡r Indra ❝r❡❛t❡s ❛ ✇✐❞❡ ✭♠❡♥t❛❧✮ s♣❛❝❡ ❢♦r
❤✐s ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡rs ✷✹ ❛♥❞ ✉♥❝♦✈❡rs ❢♦r t❤❡♠ ❛♥ ❡♥❝❧♦s✉r❡ ♦❢ ❝♦✇s ✷✺ ✱
❛❝❝❡♣ts Soma✷✻ ✱ ❣r❛s♣s ❛ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✷✼ ✱ ❛♥❞ s✇❡❧❧s ❛❧❧ ♠❛♥❧② ♣♦✇✲
❡rs ✷✽ ❀ ❜❡❝❛✉s❡ ♦❢ ✐t✱ Indra ♣r❡s❡♥ts ❤✐♠s❡❧❢ ❛s ❛ ❣❧♦✇ ✐♥ t❤❡ ❤❡❛❞✷✾ ✳
❖t❤❡r ♣♦✇❡rs ✉s❡ t❤✐s ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❡①t❡♥❞ t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s ✸✵ ❤❡❧♣✐♥❣ Indra
✶✻ ✶✳✻✶✳✾ ❚❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❡①♣❛♥❞ ♦❢ ❥✉st ♦❢ t❤✐s ♦♥❡ ❤❛s ✐♥❞❡❡❞ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ s✉♣❡r✐♦r
t♦ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥✱ t♦ t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤✱ t♦ t❤❡ ✐♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ s♣❛❝❡✳
✻✳✷✶✳✷ ✇❤♦s❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❡①♣❛♥❞ ❣r❡❛t❧② s✉r♣❛ss❡s t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤
✶✼ ✽✳✸✳✹ ❚❤✐s ♦♥❡✱ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞ t✐♠❡s ❝✉❧t✐✈❛t❡❞ ❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣
str❡♥❣t❤ ❜② s❡❡rs✱ ❤❛s ❡①t❡♥❞❡❞ ❤✐♠s❡❧❢ ❧✐❦❡ t❤❡ s❡❛ ❬❛t ❤✐❣❤ t✐❞❡❪✳
✶✽ ✽✳✶✷✳✷✸ ♠✐❣❤t② ❜❡❝❛✉s❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ✐♥❝r❡❛s❡ ✐♥ s✐③❡
✶✾ ✶✳✸✸✳✾ ❜② ❬t❤②❪ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ✐♥❝r❡❛s❡ ✐♥ s✐③❡ ❡♥❝♦♠♣❛ss❡❞ ❜♦t❤ Rodas✲❡s✱ ❢r♦♠
❛❧❧ s✐❞❡s
✷✵ ✼✳✷✵✳✹ ❚❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ✜❧❧❡❞ ✇✐t❤ ❬t❤②❪ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❡①♣❛♥❞ ✐♥❞❡❡❞ ❜♦t❤ Rodas✲❡s
✷✶ ✼✳✷✸✳✸ ❚❤❛t ♦♥❡ ❤❛s ❞r✐✈❡♥ ❛s✉♥❞❡r t✇♦ Rodas✲❡s ✇✐t❤ ❬❤✐s❪ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❡①♣❛♥❞
✖ Indra ❬❜❡✐♥❣❪ ✉♥♦♣♣♦s❡❞✱ ❤❛s r❡♠♦✈❡❞ ♦❜st❛❝❧❡s✳
✷✷ ✻✳✶✽✳✶✷ ❚❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ✐♥❝r❡❛s❡ ✐♥ s✐③❡ ♦❢ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ❤❛s ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥t ♣♦✇❡r t♦
✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t❡✱ ❬✇❤♦ ✐s❪ ❡♥❞✉r✐♥❣✱ t❤r✐❧❧✲✐♥❞✉❝✐♥❣✱ r❡❛❝❤❡❞ ❜❡②♦♥❞ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥
❬❛♥❞❪ t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤✳
✷✸ ✹✳✶✻✳✺ ❛❧s♦✱ ❢r♦♠ t❤❛t t✐♠❡ ❤✐s ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ✐♥❝r❡❛s❡ ✐♥ s✐③❡ ✇❤✐❝❤ ❤❛s ❜❡❝♦♠❡
❞♦♠✐♥❛t✐♥❣ ❛❧❧ ♣❧❛❝❡s ♦❢ ❡①✐st❡♥❝❡✱ ✇❛s ❡①t❡♥❞❡❞ ❜❡②♦♥❞ ❬t❤❡ ♦r✐❣✐♥❛❧ ❞♦✲
♠❛✐♥❪✳
✶✳✶✵✾✳✻ ❉✉r✐♥❣ ❝❛❧❧s t♦ ❜❛tt❧❡ ②♦✉ t✇♦ ❤❛✈❡ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ s✉r♣❛ss✐♥❣ t❤♦s❡ ❞r❛✇✲
✐♥❣ t♦ t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s✱ s✉r♣❛ss✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤ ❛♥❞ t♦ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥✱ s✉r♣❛ss✐♥❣
r✐✈❡rs✱ s✉r♣❛ss✐♥❣ ♠♦✉♥t❛✐♥s ✖ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ②♦✉r ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ✐♥❝r❡❛s❡ ✐♥ s✐③❡✱
❖ Indra ❬❛♥❞❪ Agni✱ s✉r♣❛ss✐♥❣ ❛❧❧ ♦t❤❡r ♣❧❛❝❡s ♦❢ ❡①✐st❡♥❝❡✳
✶✵✳✾✻✳✶✶ ❚❤r♦✉❣❤ ❬t❤②❪ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ✐♥❝r❡❛s❡ ✐♥ s✐③❡ ❞❡❧✐❣❤t✐♥❣ ✐♥ t✇♦ Rodas✲❡s✱
♥♦✇ t❤♦✉ ❞❡❧✐❣❤t ✐♥ ❡✈❡r② ♥❡✇ ❝❤❡r✐s❤❡❞ ♠❛♥✐❝ t❤♦✉❣❤t✳
✷✹ ✶✵✳✶✹✼✳✺ ❉♦ t❤♦✉✱ ❜❡✐♥❣ ❡①t♦❧❧❡❞✱ ✉s✐♥❣ ❬t❤②❪ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ✐♥❝r❡❛s❡ ✐♥ s✐③❡✱
❝r❡❛t❡ ❢♦r t❤❡ s✇❛r♠ ❛ ✇✐❞❡ ❬s♣❛❝❡❪
✷✺ ✶✵✳✷✽✳✼ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ✐♥❝r❡❛s❡ ✐♥ s✐③❡ ■ s❤❛❧❧ ✉♥❝♦✈❡r ❢♦r ❛ ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡r
t❤❡ ❡♥❝❧♦s✉r❡ ❬♦❢ ❝♦✇s❪
✷✻ ✽✳✾✷✳✷✸ ❇② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ✐♥❝r❡❛s❡ ✐♥ s✐③❡ ✳✳✳ t❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ❡♠❜r❛❝❡❞
t❤❛t ✇❤✐❝❤ ♣❛rt❛❦❡s ♦❢ Soma ✖ ✇❤✐❝❤ ❬✐s❪ ✐♥ t❤② ❜❡❧❧✐❡s
✷✼ ✽✳✻✽✳✸ ❲❤♦s❡ t✇♦ ❤❛♥❞s✱ ✉s✐♥❣ t❤② ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ✐♥❝r❡❛s❡ ✐♥ s✐③❡✱ ❤❛✈❡ s✇✐❢t❧②
❣r❛s♣❡❞ ♠♦✈✐♥❣ ❛❧♦♥❣ t❤❡ ❡❛rt❤ ❡♥❝❤❛♥t✐♥❣ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t ✳✳✳
✷✽ ✽✳✼✵✳✻ ❲✐t❤ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ✐♥❝r❡❛s❡ ✐♥ s✐③❡✱ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱ t❤♦✉
❤❛✈❡ s✇❡❧❧❡❞ ❛❧❧ ♠❛♥❧② ♣♦✇❡rs
✷✾ ✷✳✶✼✳✷ ❤❡ ❤❛s✱ t❤r♦✉❣❤ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ✐♥❝r❡❛s❡ ✐♥ s✐③❡✱ ❛ss✉♠❡❞ ✐♥ t❤❡ ❤❡❛❞
❛ ❢♦r♠ ♦❢ ❛ ❣❧♦✇✳
✸✵ ✶✵✳✶✶✸✳✼ ❚❤❡ t✇♦ ❬✱ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝♦♥tr♦❧ ❛♥❞ t❤❡ r❛❣❡❪ ❤❛✈❡ ❝♦♠❡ t♦❣❡t❤❡r
❡①t❡♥❞✐♥❣ t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s ✇✐t❤ ♣♦✇❡rs t♦ ❡①♣❛♥❞ ✖ ❬t❤♦s❡ ❛r❡❪ t♦ ❜❡ ❡✛❡❝t❡❞
✜rst ✇❤✐❝❤ ❛r❡ ❛s♣❡❝ts ♦❢ ✈❛❧♦r
t♦ ❣❡t ❜❡②♦♥❞ ✐♥♥❡r ❞❡❢❡♥s❡s
✸✶ ✳

❈♦♥tr♦❧✱ s❡❧❢✲❞❡t❡r♠✐♥❛t✐♦♥ ❛♥❞ ❛✉t♦♥♦♠②

Indra ✶ ✷
❤❛s t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝♦♥tr♦❧ ✱ ✐s ✐♥✲❝♦♥tr♦❧ ✱ ❛♥❞ ✐s ❛❧♦♥❡ ✐♥✲
✸ ✹
❝❤❛r❣❡ ♦❢ ❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣ ✖ ♦♥❝❡ ❤❡ ❤❛s ❜❡❡♥ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❡❞✳ ■♥ ♣❛r✲
✺
t✐❝✉❧❛r✱ Indra ❝♦♥tr♦❧s ♦r ❞✐r❡❝ts ❤♦rs❡s✱ ♦①❡♥✱ tr♦♦♣s✱ ❝❤❛r✐♦ts ✱
✻
❝♦✉r❛❣❡ ♦❢ ✜❣❤t✐♥❣ ♣❛rt✐❡s ✳ ❯♥❞❡r ❤✐s s✇❛② ❛r❡ ❡✈❡♥ Varun.a ❛♥❞
✼ ✽ ✾
t❤❡ s✉♥ ✱ ❤❡ ❝♦♥tr♦❧s ❤✐s ❛❞❡♣ts ✱ ❛♥❞ t❤❡✐r ❡♥❡r❣② ✱ s❡♥s❡s
✶✵ ✱ ✐♥✲
♥❡r ✇❛t❡rs
✶✷ ✱ ❡♠♦t✐♦♥s
✶✸ ✱ ♣♦❡t✐❝ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s
✶✹ ✱ ❛♥❞ ✏t✇♦ t❛✇♥②
♦♥❡s✑
✶✺ ✖ ❤❡ ❝❛♥ ❞♦♠✐♥❛t❡ ❛❧❧ ♣❧❛❝❡s ♦❢ ❡①✐st❡♥❝❡✶✻ ✱ ❤❡ ❝♦♥tr♦❧s ❛❧❧
❡❛rt❤❧② ❜❡♥❡✜ts
✶✼ ❛♥❞ ✐s ❛ ❥♦✐♥t r✉❧❡r ♦❢ t❤❡ ❣♦♦❞✶✽ ✳

✸✶ ✻✳✷✶✳✼ ❚❤❡ s❤✐❡❧❞ ♦❢ ❛ ❣✉❛r❞✐♥❣ ❬✐♠♣✉❧s❡❪✱ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st✐♥❣ ✐ts❡❧❢ ❡①t❡♥s✐✈❡❧②✱

❤❛s s♣r❡❛❞ ♦✈❡r t❤❡❡✳ ❊①t❡♥❞ ❬t❤②s❡❧❢❪ ✇❡❧❧ ♦✈❡r ✐t✦
✶ túvismant ✶✳✺✺✳✶✱✶✳✶✻✺✳✻✱✷✳✶✷✳✶✷✱ ❡t❝✳
.
✷ tavisá ✶✳✶✻✺✳✻✱ ✽✳✶✺✳✶✱ ✽✳✹✻✳✶✷
.
✸´ı̄śāna ✭✶✳✼✳✽✱ ✶✳✶✶✳✽✱ ✽✳✻✳✹✶✱ ✽✳✶✺✳✶✮
✹ ✽✳✶✼✳✾ ❇② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❢r❡♥③② t❤♦✉ ❬❛r❡❪ ✐♥ ❝❤❛r❣❡ ♦❢ ❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣
✽✳✾✸✳✹ ❖ Vr.tra✲s❧❛②❡r✱ t♦✇❛r❞s ✇❤❛t❡✈❡r t♦❞❛② t❤♦✉✱ ❖ ❙✉♥✱ ❞✐❞ r✐s❡✱ ❛❧❧
t❤❛t ✐s ✉♥❞❡r t❤② ✇✐❧❧✱ ❖ Indra✦
✺ ✷✳✶✷✳✼ ❯♥❞❡r ✇❤♦s❡ ❞✐r❡❝t✐♦♥ ❬❛r❡❪ ❤♦rs❡s✱ ❬✉♥❞❡r❪ ✇❤♦s❡ ❬❞✐r❡❝t✐♦♥ ❛r❡❪
♦①❡♥✱ ❬✉♥❞❡r❪ ✇❤♦s❡ ❬❞✐r❡❝t✐♦♥ ❛r❡❪ tr♦♦♣s✱ ❬✉♥❞❡r❪ ✇❤♦s❡ ❬❞✐r❡❝t✐♦♥ ❛r❡❪ ❛❧❧
❝❤❛r✐♦ts
✻ ✻✳✷✺✳✻ ❍❡ ❝♦♥tr♦❧s ❝♦✉r❛❣❡ ♦❢ ❜♦t❤ t❤❡s❡ ❬♣❛rt✐❡s❪ ✐❢ ❞✉r✐♥❣ ❛ ❤♦st✐❧❡ ❡♥✲
❝♦✉♥t❡r ❬❤✐s❪ ❛❞❡♣ts ❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥ ❬❤✐♠❪
✼ ✶✳✶✵✶✳✸ ✉♥❞❡r ✇❤♦s❡ s✇❛② ❬✐s❪ Varuna✱ ❬✉♥❞❡r❪ ✇❤♦s❡ ❬s✇❛② ✐s❪ ✐s t❤❡ s✉♥
.
✽ ✶✳✺✳✷ ❜❡✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❝❤❛r❣❡ ♦❢ t♦✲❜❡✲❝❤♦s❡♥ ♦♥❡s
✾ ✽✳✷✳✸✶ ❖♥❧② t❤✐s ♦♥❡ ✇❤♦ s❤✐❡❧❞s str♦♥❣❧②✱ ❤❡ ❛❧♦♥❡✱ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲✐♥✲❤❛♥❞✱
❛❧✇❛②s ✉♥❤✉rt✱ ❜❡st♦✇s r✉s❤❡s ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✳
✽✳✾✷✳✸ ❖♥❧② Indra ❬✐s❪ ❢♦r ✉s ❛ ❣✐✈❡r ♦❢ ♠✐❣❤t② r✉s❤❡s ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r
✶✵✳✶✸✹✳✻ ❙✐♥❝❡ t❤♦✉ ❝❛rr② ❬t❤✐s❪ ❡♥❡r❣② ❧✐❦❡ ❛ ❧♦♥❣ ❤♦♦❦✱ t❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ ❝♦♥tr♦❧
❬✐t❪ ❧✐❦❡ ❣♦❛t ❬❝♦♥tr♦❧s❪ ❛ ❬❜✉s❤✲❪❜r❛♥❝❤ ✇✐t❤ ❛ ❢♦r❡❢♦♦t
✶✳✻✶✳✶✷ ❬t❤♦✉✱❪ ❝♦♠♠❛♥❞✐♥❣ ❡✈❡♥✲❧✐tt❧❡✲❬❛♠♦✉♥ts ♦❢ ❡♥❡r❣②❪
✶✵ ✶✳✼✳✾✳ ❲❤♦ ❛❧♦♥❡ r✉❧❡s ❛❣❛✐♥ ❛♥❞ ❛❣❛✐♥ ♦✈❡r t❤♦s❡ t❤❛t ❞r❛✇ t♦ t❤❡♠✲
s❡❧✈❡s ✶✶ ✱ ♦✈❡r ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧ ❬t❤✐♥❣s❪✱ ❬t❤❛t ✐s❪ Indra ❬✇❤♦ r✉❧❡s❪ ♦✈❡r ✜✈❡ ❝❧❛♥s✳
✶✷ ✶✳✺✷✳✷ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ✐♠♣❛t✐❡♥t t❤r♦✉❣❤ ❬t❤❡ ❡✛❡❝ts ♦❢❪ t❤❡ ❤❡r❜✱ ✇❛s s✉❜✲
❞✉✐♥❣ t❤❡ ✢♦♦❞s
✶✸ ✶✵✳✶✶✶✳✷ ❍❡ st♦♦❞ ✉♣ ✇✐t❤ ❛ ❝♦♥tr♦❧❧✐♥❣ ❤♦✇❧✱ ❤❡ ❤❛s ❝♦♠♣❧❡t❡❧② ❡♥❝♦♠✲
♣❛ss❡❞ ❡✈❡♥ ✈✐♦❧❡♥t ❞❛r❦❡♥✐♥❣ ❡♠♦t✐♦♥s✳
✶✵✳✹✾✳✻ ❲❤❡♥ ❬■ ♠❛❞❡❪ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥✐♥❣ ❬♠❡ Soma❪ t♦ ❝❛✉s❡ ❬♠❡❪ t♦ s♣r❡❛❞
✉♥✐♥t❡rr✉♣t❡❞❧②✱ ❛t t❤❡ ❡①tr❡♠❡ s❤♦r❡ ♦❢ ❞❛r❦❡♥✐♥❣ ❡♠♦t✐♦♥ ■ ❝r❡❛t❡❞ ❧✉✲
♠✐♥♦✉s s♣❤❡r❡s✳
✶✹ ✹✳✶✼✳✶✶ Indra ♣✉t ❝♦♠♣❧❡t❡❧② ✉♥❞❡r ❬❤✐s❪ ❝♦♥tr♦❧ ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡✱ ❡♥❝❤❛♥t✐♥❣✱
r❤②t❤♠✐❝❛❧ ❬❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s❪
✶✺ ✺✳✸✸✳✸ ❚❤♦✉✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❡①❝❡❧❧❡♥t ❤♦rs❡s✱ ✇✐❡❧❞ ❤❡r❡ t❤❡ ✇❤✐♣
✶✻ ✽✳✾✷✳✻ ❉r✐♥❦✐♥❣ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t✐♥❣ ❬❞r♦♣s❪ deva✱ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❞✐✈✐♥❡ ❢r❡♥③② ❤❡
s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❞♦♠✐♥❛t✐♥❣ ❛❧❧ ♣❧❛❝❡s ♦❢ ❡①✐st❡♥❝❡✳
✶✼ ✻✳✹✺✳✷✵ ❤❡ ❛❧♦♥❡ ❝♦♥tr♦❧s ❛❧❧ ❡❛rt❤❧② ❜❡♥❡✜ts
✶✽ ✹✳✷✶✳✶✵ ■♥❞❡❡❞✱ Indra ✐s t❤❡ tr✉❡ ❥♦✐♥t r✉❧❡r ♦❢ t❤❡ ❣♦♦❞
✺✷ P♦✇❡rs ♦❢ Indra

Indra ✐s ❛s ✐❢ s✉rr♦✉♥❞❡❞ ❜② ✈❛r✐♦✉s ♣♦✇❡rs t♦ ❝♦♥tr♦❧

✶✾ ❛♠♦♥❣
✷✵ ✷✶
✇❤✐❝❤ ❤✐s ✜❣❤t✐♥❣ s♣✐r✐t ✱ ❢r❡♥③② ✱ ✉♥❡♥❝♦♠♣❛ss❡❞ ❜② ❝✐r❝✉♠✲
✷✷
st❛♥❝❡s ♦❢ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❛t✐♦♥ ✈❛❧♦r ✱ ❛♥❞ r❡s♦✉r❝❡❢✉❧♥❡ss
✷✸ ❛r❡ ♠❡♥✲
t✐♦♥❡❞✳ ❚❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝♦♥tr♦❧ ✐s ♣❡r✈❛❞✐♥❣ ❛♥❞ ✐s s❡t ✐♥ Indra ✐♥
✏t❤❡ r✐❣❤t ✇❛②✑
✷✹ ✱ ✐t ❤❡❧♣s t♦ r❡str❛✐♥ ❞❛r❦ ♦r ❞✐str❛❝t✐♥❣ ❢♦r❝❡s ✷✺ ✳

Indra✬s ♣♦✇❡rs t♦ ❝♦♥tr♦❧ ❝❛♥ ❜❡ ❛❝t✐✈❛t❡❞✷✻ ✱ t❤❡② ❝❛♥ ❜❡ ♥♦✉r✲

✐s❤❡❞
✷✼ ❜② Soma✱ ❛♥❞ ✐♥❝r❡❛s❡❞ ❜② Marut✲s ✷✽ ❀ t❤❡② ❝❛♥ ❜❡ ❛❝t✐✈❛t❡❞
❛♥❞ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥❡❞ ❜② Indra ❤✐♠s❡❧❢ ✇❤❡♥ ❤❡ ✐s ✜❣❤t✐♥❣ t❤❡ s♥❛❦❡ ♦r
Vr.tra ✷✾ ✳
■♥ ❛❞❞✐t✐♦♥ t♦ ♣♦✇❡rs t♦ ❝♦♥tr♦❧✱ Indra ❤❛s ❛✉t♦♥♦♠②
✸✵ ✱ t❤❡
♣♦✇❡r ♦❢ s❡❧❢✲❞❡t❡r♠✐♥❛t✐♦♥ ✭✶✳✶✼✸✳✻✱ ✸✳✺✶✳✶✶✱ ✽✳✹✾✳✺✱ ✶✵✳✹✷✳✾✮✱ ❛♥❞
❡①t❡♥s✐✈❡ s✉♣r❡♠❛❝② ✭✶✳✺✹✳✽✮ ✇❤✐❝❤ t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤ ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ♣❡r✲
♠✐t t♦ Indra✸✶ ❀ t❤❡s❡ q✉❛❧✐t✐❡s ♥♦ ♦♥❡ ❝❛♥ ❧❡ss❡♥
✸✷ ✱ ❜✉t t❤❡② ❝❛♥ ❜❡
str❡♥❣t❤❡♥❡❞ ❛♥❞ ♥♦✉r✐s❤❡❞
✸✸ ✳

✶✾ ✶✳✺✶✳✷ s✉rr♦✉♥❞❡❞ ❜② ♣♦✇❡rs t♦ ❝♦♥tr♦❧ ♦♥❡

✷✵ ✸✳✸✹✳✷ ❛♥ ✐♥st✐❣❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ t❤② ✐♥✲❝♦♥tr♦❧ ✜❣❤t✐♥❣ s♣✐r✐t
✷✶ ✶✳✶✶✳✽ ✇❤♦ ✐s ✐♥ ❝❤❛r❣❡ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❛ ❢r❡♥③②
✽✳✻✳✹✶ ❛❧♦♥❡ ❜❡✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❝❤❛r❣❡ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❛ ❢r❡♥③②
✽✳✶✼✳✾ ❇② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❢r❡♥③② t❤♦✉ ❬❛r❡❪ ✐♥ ❝❤❛r❣❡ ♦❢ ❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣
✷✷ ✺✳✷✾✳✶✹ P❡r❢♦r♠✐♥❣ ❛❧❧ t❤❡s❡ r❡♣❡❛t❡❞❧②✱ ❖ Indra✱ t❤r♦✉❣❤ ✈❛❧♦r ✉♥❡♥❝♦♠✲
♣❛ss❡❞ ❜② ❝✐r❝✉♠st❛♥❝❡s ♦❢ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❛t✐♦♥✱ ❬❛♥❞ ❜❡❝❛✉s❡ ♦❢ t❤❡s❡❪ ✇❤✐❝❤
t❤♦✉✱ ❖ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲✇✐❡❧❞❡r✱ ❞❛r✐♥❣✱ ♣❡r❢♦r♠❡❞✱ ♥♦ ♦♥❡ ✇❤♦ ❬❝❛♥❪ r❡♠♦✈❡
t❤✐s t❤② ❝♦♥tr♦❧❧✐♥❣ ♣♦✇❡r✳
✷✸ ✽✳✻✶✳✹ ■t s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡ ❥✉st ❛s ❬t❤♦✉❪ ✇✐s❤ ✖ ❜❡❝❛✉s❡ ♦❢ ❬t❤②❪ r❡s♦✉r❝❡❢✉❧♥❡ss
✷✹ ✶✳✺✶✳✼ ■♥ t❤❡❡ t❤❡ ♣❡r✈❛❞✐♥❣ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝♦♥tr♦❧ ❬✐s❪ s❡t ✐♥ t❤❡ r✐❣❤t ✇❛②✳
✷✺ ✶✳✺✻✳✸✲✹ ❬❍❡✱❪ ♣r♦✈♦❦✐♥❣ ❛♥❣❡r ✐♥ ❬❤✐s❪ ❤❡❧♣❡rs✱ s❤❛❧❧ ❞❡t❛✐♥ ❬Śusna❪ ✐♥ ❢❡t✲
t❡rs✱ ✐❢ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥✐♥❣ t❤❡❡ ❞✐✈✐♥❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝♦♥tr♦❧ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡s. . Indra ✐♥
♦r❞❡r t♦ ❤❡❧♣ ❬t❤❛t❪
✶✳✽✸✳✺ ✇❡ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡ t♦ t❤❡ ✐♠♠♦rt❛❧ ♦♥❡ ✇✐t❤ ❛ ✈✐❡✇ t♦ ❛ ❜✐rt❤ ♦❢ ❛ r❡str❛✐♥t
✷✻ ✶✵✳✶✶✷✳✺ ❍❡ ❬✱Soma✱❪ r♦✉s❡s t❤② ❜❡❛r✐♥❣✲❢✉❧❧♥❡ss ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝♦♥tr♦❧
✷✼ ✻✳✹✶✳✹ ❯s✐♥❣ ✐t✱ ❬❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ Soma❪✱ ♥♦✉r✐s❤ ❛❧❧ ♣♦✇❡rs t♦ ❝♦♥tr♦❧
✷✽ ✸✳✸✷✳✸ ❬❚❤❡②✱❪ ✇❤♦ ❢♦r t❤② s❛❦❡ ❞✐❞ ✐♥❝r❡❛s❡ t❤❡ ❢❡r✈♦r ❬❛♥❞❪ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦
❝♦♥tr♦❧✱ t❤❡②✱ t❤❡ Marut✲s✱ s❤❛❧❧ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t❡ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ s♣❡❡❝❤ t❤② ✈✐❣♦✉r✳
✷✾ ✶✳✺✷✳✷ ▲✐❦❡ ❛ ♣✐❡❝❡ ♦❢ r♦❝❦ ♦♥ ✜r♠ ❣r♦✉♥❞ ❬✐s❪ ✉♥s❤❛❦❛❜❧❡ ❤❡ ✳✳✳ ❤❛s ❜❡❝❛♠❡
str♦♥❣❡r ✐♥ ❬❤✐s❪ ♣♦✇❡rs t♦ ❝♦♥tr♦❧ ✇❤❡♥ ❤❡✱ Indra✱ ✈❛♥q✉✐s❤❡❞ ♦❜str✉❝t✐♥❣
✢♦✇ ✇❛t❡rs Vr.tra✱ ❬❛♥❞✱❪ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ✐♠♣❛t✐❡♥t t❤r♦✉❣❤ ❬t❤❡ ❡✛❡❝ts ♦❢❪
t❤❡ ❤❡r❜✱ ✇❛s s✉❜❞✉✐♥❣ t❤❡ ✢♦♦❞s✳
✺✳✸✷✳✷ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ str✉❝❦ r❡♣♦s✐♥❣✱ ❝♦♥❢✉s❡❞ s♥❛❦❡✱ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❤❛✈❡ ❡✛❡❝t❡❞
t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝♦♥tr♦❧
✸✵ ✶✳✽✹✳✶✷ ❬❚❤❡② ❛r❡❪ ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧ ❢♦❧❧♦✇✐♥❣ ❬Indra✬s❪ ❛✉t♦♥♦♠②✳
✶✳✽✵ t❤❡② ♣r❛✐s❡ ✇✐t❤ s♦♥❣s ❬t❤②❪ ❛✉t♦♥♦♠②
✸✶ ✹✳✶✼✳✶ ❚❤♦✉ ❬❛r❡❪ ♠✐❣❤t②✱ ❖ Indra✱ t♦ t❤❡❡ ✐♥❞❡❡❞ t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤✱ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥
♣r♦♠♣t② s❤❛❧❧ ♣❡r♠✐t s✉♣r❡♠❛❝②❀
✸✷ ✺✳✷✾✳✶✹ ♥♦ ♦♥❡ ✇❤♦ ❬❝❛♥❪ r❡♠♦✈❡ t❤✐s t❤② ❝♦♥tr♦❧❧✐♥❣ ♣♦✇❡r✳
✽✳✾✸✳✶✶ ❬❚❤♦✉✱❪ ✇❤♦s❡ ✐♥❞❡♣❡♥❞❡♥❝❡ ✭❡✈❡♥ ❬✐❢ ✐t ✐s❪ t❤② ✐♥t❡♥t✐♦♥✮ ♥❡✐t❤❡r ❛
deva✱ ♥♦r ❛♥ ✉♥r❡str❛✐♥❡❞ ♣❡rs♦♥ ❧❡ss❡♥✳
✸✸ ✹✳✷✶✳✶ ❤❡✱ ✇❤♦ ❧✐❦❡ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ❤❛s str❡♥❣t❤❡♥❡❞ ❤✐s ♠❛♥② ♣♦✇❡rs t♦ ❝♦♥tr♦❧✱
♠✐❣❤t ♥♦✉r✐s❤ ❬❤✐s❪ ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ s✉♣r❡♠❛❝②✳
 Indra ✐s ♦❢t❡♥ ❝❛❧❧❡❞ ❛ ❥♦✐♥t r✉❧❡r ✭samrā´j✮ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤
✸✹
Varun.a ✳
❲❤❛t❡✈❡r Indra st✐rs✱ ❤❡ ❜❡❝♦♠❡s ♦✈❡rs❡❡✐♥❣✲✇❤❛t✬s✲t♦✲❜❡❝♦♠❡✲
r❡❛❧ ♠❛st❡r ♦❢ t❤❛t ✳ Indra ✐s ❛ ♠❛st❡r ♦❢ ❡✈❡r②♦♥❡ ✖ ♦♥❡ ✇❤♦
✸✺ ✸✻ ✸✼
✐s ♦♥ t❤❡ ♠♦✈❡ ❛♥❞ ♦♥❡ ✇❤♦ st❛②s q✉✐❡t ✱ ❛♥❞ ✇❤❡♥ ❤❡ ❡♠♣❧♦②s
✸✽
t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝♦♥tr♦❧✱ ❤❡ r✉❧❡s ❛❧❧ tr✐❜❡s ❛♥❞ ❝❧❛♥s ✳ ✸✾

❚❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r ♦✈❡r ❛✛❡❝t✐♦♥s ✭indriyá✮

❚❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r ♦✈❡r ❛✛❡❝t✐♦♥s ✐s ❝❤❛r❛❝t❡r✐st✐❝ ♦❢ Indra ✱ ❜✉t ✐s ❛❧s♦✶
❛s❝r✐❜❡❞ t♦ Soma ✭✾✳✹✽✳✺✱ ✾✳✽✾✳✻✮✳ ❚❤❡r❡ ❛r❡ t✇♦ ✈❛r✐❡t✐❡s ♦❢ ✐t ❛s
✶✳✶✵✸ ❛♣♣❡❛rs t♦ ♣✉r♣♦rt ✖ ♦♥❡ ✐s r❡❛❞✐❧② ❛✈❛✐❧❛❜❧❡ ❛s ❛ s✉r❣❡ ♦❢
❡♥❡r❣② ❝❛✉s❡❞ ❜② ❛♥❣❡r✱ ♣r✐❞❡✱ ❞❛r✐♥❣ ❛♥❞ s✐♠✐❧❛r ❝♦✉♥t❡r✲❡♠♦t✐♦♥s✱
❛♥♦t❤❡r ✐s ❛ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❝♦♥tr♦❧ ✳ ✷

Soma ❡①tr❛❝t ✐♥❞✐❝❛t❡s t♦ ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡rs ❡①✐st❡♥❝❡ ♦❢ t❤✐s ♣♦✇❡r ✸

❛♥❞ ✐s ❝♦♥♥❡❝t❡❞ t♦ ❜♦t❤ ✐ts ✈❛r✐❡t✐❡s ✖ Soma ❛❝t✐✈❛t❡s ❛♥❞ ❡♥❡r✲
✹
❣✐③❡s ✐t ✳ ❚❤❡ s❡❝♦♥❞ ✈❛r✐❡t② ✐s ♥♦t r❡❛❞✐❧② ❛✈❛✐❧❛❜❧❡ ❛♥❞ r❡q✉✐r❡s
✺ ✻

✸✹ ✶✳✶✼✳✶✳ ■ ♣r❡❢❡r ❤❡❧♣ ♦❢ t✇♦ ❥♦✐♥t r✉❧❡rs✱ ♦❢ Indra ❬❛♥❞❪ Varun.a✱✳✳

✻✳✻✽✳✾ ◆♦✇✱ ❞♦ t❤♦✉ r❡✈❡❛❧ t♦ t❤❡ ❥♦✐♥t r✉❧❡r✱ t♦ deva Varun.a✱ ❬t❤②❪ ❝❤❡r✲
✐s❤❡❞ t❤♦✉❣❤t
✶✳✶✵✵✳✶ ❍❡✱ ✇❤♦ ✐s ❛ ❜✉❧❧✱ ❛t✲❤♦♠❡ ✇✐t❤ ♠❛♥❧② ♣♦✇❡rs✱ ❬✐s❪ ❛ ❥♦✐♥t r✉❧❡r ♦❢
♠✐❣❤t② ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤✳
✹✳✶✾✳✷ t❤♦✉✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ♦r✐❣✐♥❛t❡❞ ✐♥ ✇❤❛t✬s r❡❛❧✱ ❛r❡ ❜❡❝♦♠✐♥❣ ❛ ❥♦✐♥t r✉❧❡r✱
❖ Indra✱✳✳
✸✺ ✶✳✶✶✳✶
✸✻ ✶✳✶✻✺✳✶✵ ❙✐♥❝❡ ■ ❛♠ ❦♥♦✇♥ t♦ ❜❡ ✈✐♦❧❡♥t✱ ❖ Marut✲s✱ ✇❤❛t❡✈❡r ❬t❤✐♥❣s❪ ■
✇❡r❡ t♦ st✐r✱ ❥✉st ■✱ Indra✱ ✇✐❧❧ ❜❡ t❤❡ ♠❛st❡r ♦❢ t❤❡♠✳
✸✼ ✷✳✶✸✳✻ t❤♦✉ ❛r❡ t❤❡ ♦♥❧② ♠❛st❡r ♦❢ ❡✈❡r②♦♥❡
✸✽ ✼✳✸✷✳✷✷ ❜❡✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❝❤❛r❣❡ ♦❢ t❤✐s ♦♥❡✱ ✇❤♦ ✐s ♦♥ t❤❡ ♠♦✈❡✱ ❜❡✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❝❤❛r❣❡ ♦❢
❬t❤❛t ♦♥❡❪ ✇❤♦ ✐s s❡tt❧❡❞
✸✾ ✽✳✻✳✷✻ ❲❤❡♥ ✐♥❞❡❡❞ t❤♦✉ ❡♠♣❧♦② t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝♦♥tr♦❧✱ t❤♦✉✱ ♠✐❣❤t②✱
t❤r♦✉❣❤♦✉t ❛ ❢r❡♥③② ✉♥❜♦✉♥❞❡❞✱ ❖ Indra✱ r✉❧❡ ♦✈❡r ❝❧❛♥s✳
✽✳✷✹✳✶✾ ✇❤♦ ✐s t❤❡ ♦♥❧② ♦♥❡ ✇❤♦ r✉❧❡s ♦✈❡r ❛❧❧ tr✐❜❡s
✽✳✻✽✳✼ ❚❤❡ ❞❛♥❝❡r ❝♦♠♠❛♥❞s tr✐❜❡s✳
✶ ✶✳✺✼✳✸ ❬✇❤♦s❡❪ ❝❤❛r❛❝t❡r✐st✐❝ ✐s t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r ♦✈❡r ❛✛❡❝t✐♦♥s
✷ ✶✳✶✵✸✳✶ ❇② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤ t❤✐s ♦♥❡ ❬✱❛ ♣♦✇❡r ♦✈❡r ❛✛❡❝t✐♦♥s✱❪ ❬♦♣❡r❛t❡s❪✱
❛♥♦t❤❡r ♦♥❡ ❬✐s❪ ✐♥ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥❀ ❝❛st t❤❡ ♦t❤❡r ♦♥❡✦
✸ ✶✳✺✺✳✹ ❏✉st ❤❡ ❬✱Soma✱❪ ❬✇❤♦ ✐s❪ ✐♥ ❛ ✇♦♦❞❡♥ ❬❝✉♣❪✱ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ♠❛❦✐♥❣
❤♦♠❛❣❡ ❬✇♦rs❤✐♣❡rs❪ ♠✉r♠✉rs ✐♥❞✐❝❛t✐♥❣ ❡st❡❡♠❡❞ ❛♠♦♥❣ ♣❡♦♣❧❡ ❬Indra✬s❪
♣♦✇❡r ♦✈❡r ❛✛❡❝t✐♦♥s✳
✹ ✶✳✶✵✸✳✶ ❚❤❡ ❜❛♥♥❡r ✐s ❝♦♥♥❡❝t❡❞ ❛s ✐❢ ❡q✉❛❧❧② ❬t♦ t❤❡♠ ❜♦t❤❪✳
✺ ✶✵✳✶✶✻✳✶ ❉r✐♥❦ Soma ❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ ❛♠♣❧❡ ♣♦✇❡r ♦✈❡r ❛✛❡❝t✐♦♥s
✽✳✶✷✳✽ ❲❤❡♥✱ ❖ ✐♥t❡♥s❡ ♦✈❡rs❡❡r ♦❢ ✇❤❛t✬s r❡❛❧✱ t❤♦✉ ❞❡✈♦✉r❡❞ ❛ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞
❜✉✛❛❧♦❡s✱ ♦♥❧② ❛❢t❡r ❬t❤❛t❪ t❤② ❛♠♣❧❡ ♣♦✇❡r ♦✈❡r ❛✛❡❝t✐♦♥s ❤❛s ❣❛✐♥❡❞ ✐♥
str❡♥❣t❤✳
✻ ✶✳✶✵✸✳✶ ❚❤❛t t❤② ♣r✐♠❛r② ♣♦✇❡r ♦✈❡r ❛✛❡❝t✐♦♥s ❬✐s❪ ❢❛r ❬❢r♦♠ ❜❡✐♥❣ r❡❛❞✐❧②
❛✈❛✐❧❛❜❧❡❪❀ ♣♦❡ts ♦❢ ♦❧❞ ❡♠♣❧♦②❡❞ t❤✐s ♦♥❡✳
s♦♠❡ t❡❝❤♥✐q✉❡s t♦ ♠❛st❡r ❛♥❞ t♦ ❛❝t✐✈❛t❡ ✐t ✖ ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥s ❛♥❞ ✼
r❡❝✐t✐♥❣ ✈❡rs❡s ❛r❡ ♠❡♥t✐♦♥❡❞✱ ❜✉t ❛r❡ ✉♥❧✐❦❡❧② t♦ ❜❡ t❤❡ ♦♥❧② ♦♥❡s✳
✽

Indra ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡rs ♣✉t tr✉st ✐♥t♦ t❤✐s ♣♦✇❡r ❛♥❞ ✇✐s❤ ✐t t♦ ❜❡

✾
♣❡r✈❛❞✐♥❣ Indra ✖ ❜❡❝❛✉s❡ ✐t ✐s ✐♥str✉♠❡♥t❛❧ ✐♥ s❧❛②✐♥❣ Vr.tra ✳
✶✵ ✶✶

▼❛♥❧② ♣♦✇❡rs ❛♥❞ ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ str❡♥❣t❤

Indra ❤❛s ❛♥ ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥❝❡ ♦❢ ❝♦✉r❛❣❡ ❛♥❞ ♠❛♥❧② ♣♦✇❡rs ✱ ✇❤✐❝❤ ❛r❡
✶ ✷
s♦♠❡t✐♠❡s ❝❤❛r❛❝t❡r✐③❡❞ ❛s ❡♥❞✉r✐♥❣ ✳ ✸

❖♥❧② deva✲s ❛r❡ ♠❡♥t✐♦♥❡❞ ❛s t❤❡ s♦✉r❝❡ ♦❢ t❤❡s❡ ♣♦✇❡rs ✳ ❍✉✲ ✹

♠❛♥s ❛♥❞ ❡♥❡♠✐❡s ♦❢ Indra ❛❧s♦ ♣♦ss❡ss t❤❡s❡ ♣♦✇❡rs ✳ ✺

▼❛♥❧② ♣♦✇❡rs ❝❛♥ ❜❡ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥❡❞ ❜② Indra ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡rs ✱ ❜② ✻

deva✲s ✱ ♦r ❜② Indra ❤✐♠s❡❧❢ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ✐♥❝r❡❛s❡ ✐♥ s✐③❡
✼
❛♥❞ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡ ✳ Indra ✉s❡s ♠❛♥❧② ♣♦✇❡rs t♦ ❝r♦ss ♦✈❡r
✽
❛✈❡rs✐♦♥s ❛♥❞ t♦ ♦✈❡r❝♦♠❡ ❝✉rs❡s ✳
✾ ✶✵

Indra ❛❧s♦ ♣♦ss❡ss❡s ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ str❡♥❣t❤ ✐♥ ❤✐s ❜♦❞② ✳ ❍❡

✶✶ ✶✷

✼ ✽✳✶✺✳✼ ❆♥ ❡✛♦rt t♦ ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❡ s❤❛r♣❡♥s t❤❛t t❤② ✈❛st ♣♦✇❡r ♦✈❡r ❛✛❡❝t✐♦♥s✱
t❤② ❢❡r✈♦r✱ ❛♥❞ r❡s♦✉r❝❡❢✉❧♥❡ss✱ t❤❡ t♦✲❜❡✲♣r❡❢❡rr❡❞ ❬❛s ❛ ✇❡❛♣♦♥❪ t❤✉♥❞❡r✲
❜♦❧t✳
✽ ✽✳✾✸✳✷✼ ■ s❡t ✉♣ ❛❧❧ r❡❝✐t❡❞ ✈❡rs❡s t♦✇❛r❞s t❤② ♣♦✇❡r ♦✈❡r ❛✛❡❝t✐♦♥s
✾ ✶✳✶✵✹✳✻ ❚r✉st ✇❛s ♣❧❛❝❡❞ ✐♥t♦ t❤② ❣r❡❛t ♣♦✇❡r ♦✈❡r ❛✛❡❝t✐♦♥s✳
✶✵ ✶✳✽✹✳✶ ▲❡t t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r ♦✈❡r ❛✛❡❝t✐♦♥s ♣❡r✈❛❞❡ t❤❡❡
✶✶ ✻✳✷✺✳✽ ❚♦ t❤❡❡✱ ❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ t❤② ❣r❡❛t ♣♦✇❡r ♦✈❡r ❛✛❡❝t✐♦♥s✱ ❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣
✐s ❛❧✇❛②s ②✐❡❧❞❡❞ t♦ s❧❛② Vr.tra✳
✶ ✷✳✶✷✳✶ ❤❡✱ t❤r♦✉❣❤ ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥❝❡ ❝♦✉r❛❣❡✱ ❖ ♣❡♦♣❧❡✱ ✐s Indra✳
✽✳✷✹✳✷✼ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ♠✉❝❤ ❝♦✉r❛❣❡
✷ ✻✳✷✷✳✶ ♣♦ss❡ss❡❞ ♦❢ t❤❡ ♠❛♥❧② ♣♦✇❡rs
✺✳✸✸✳✻ ❙✐♥❝❡ ✐♥ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Indra✱ ✐s t♦✲❜❡✲❛s❦❡❞✲❢♦r ❢r❡♥③② ❛♥❞ ♠❛♥❧② ♣♦✇❡rs
✸ ✶✳✺✹✳✽ ❡①t❡♥s✐✈❡ s✉♣r❡♠❛❝② ❛♥❞ ❡♥❞✉r✐♥❣ ♠❛♥❧② ♣♦✇❡rs
✹ ✶✳✽✵✳✶✺ ❝♦✉r❛❣❡ ❛♥❞ t❤❡ r❡s♦✉r❝❡❢✉❧♥❡ss✱ ✜ts ♦❢ ❢r❡♥③② deva✲s ❤❛✈❡ ♣✉t t♦✲
❣❡t❤❡r ✐♥t♦ ❤✐♠✳
✺ ✻✳✶✾✳✻ ❚❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ ❣✐✈❡ ✉s ❛❧❧ ♣♦✇❡rs t♦ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t❡ ♠❛♥❧② ♣♦✇❡rs ♦❢ ❤✉♠❛♥s
✳✳✳ t♦ ♠❛❦❡ ❬✉s❪ ❡①✉❧t
✶✳✶✵✷✳✹ ❙❤❛tt❡r ♠❛♥❧② ♣♦✇❡rs ♦❢ t❤❡ ❡♥❡♠✐❡s✱ ❖ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡✦
✻ ✶✵✳✹✹✳✷ ▲❡t ✉s str❡♥❣t❤❡♥ ♠❛♥❧② ♣♦✇❡rs ♦❢ t❤❡❡ ✇❤♦ ❤❛s ❞r✉♥❦ ❬Soma❪
✶✳✺✹✳✽ ▼❛② s❡✈❡r❛❧ Soma✲❞r✐♥❦❡rs ❬❤❡r❡❪ ❜❡ ♣r❡❡♠✐♥❡♥t t❤r♦✉❣❤ ❬t❤✐s s❛❝r✐✲
✜❝✐❛❧❪ ❛❝t✐✈✐t②✱ ❬t❤♦s❡❪ ✇❤♦ ♠❛❦❡ ❡①t❡♥s✐✈❡ s✉♣r❡♠❛❝② ❛♥❞ ❡♥❞✉r✐♥❣ ♠❛♥❧②
♣♦✇❡rs ♦❢ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Indra✱ ✇❤♦ ❤❛s ❜❡st♦✇❡❞✱ t♦ ❣r♦✇✦
✼ ✶✵✳✶✶✸✳✽ ▼♦r❡♦✈❡r✱ ❛❧❧ t❤❡ deva✲s str❡♥❣t❤❡♥❡❞ ❢♦r t❤❡❡✱ ✉s✐♥❣ r✐❝❤ ✐♥ Soma
❡❧♦q✉❡♥❝❡✱ ❬t❤♦s❡❪ ❛❜♦✉t✲t♦✲❜❡❝♦♠❡✲❡✛❡❝t✐✈❡ ♠❛♥❧② ♣♦✇❡rs✳
✽ ✽✳✼✵✳✻ ❲✐t❤ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ✐♥❝r❡❛s❡ ✐♥ s✐③❡✱ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱ t❤♦✉
❤❛✈❡ s✇❡❧❧❡❞ ❛❧❧ ♠❛♥❧② ♣♦✇❡rs
✾ ✶✳✶✵✵✳✸ ❬❤❡✱❪ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ✇❛②s t♦ ♣r❡✈❛✐❧ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ♠❛♥❧② ♣♦✇❡rs✱ ❝r♦ss✐♥❣
♦✈❡r ❛✈❡rs✐♦♥s
✶✵ ✶✳✶✵✵✳✶✵ ❚❤r♦✉❣❤ t❤❡ ♠❛♥❧② ♣♦✇❡rs ❤❡ ❬✐s❪ s✉♣❡r✐♦r t♦ ❝✉rs❡s
✶✶ ✶✳✽✸✳✺ ❞♦ ②❡ ♣❛② ❤♦♠❛❣❡ t♦ t❤❡ ♠♦st ❡①❝❡❧❧❡♥t ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ str❡♥❣t❤✦
✶✷ ✷✳✶✻✳✷ ❍❡ ❝❛rr✐❡s Soma ✐♥ t❤❡ ❜❡❧❧②✱ ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ str❡♥❣t❤✱ ♠✐❣❤t ✐♥ t❤❡
❜♦❞②✱ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t ✐♥ ❤❛♥❞✱ r❡s♦✉r❝❡❢✉❧♥❡ss ✐♥ t❤❡ ❤❡❛❞✳
 ✶✸ ✳ ❖♥❡ st❛♥③❛ st❛t❡s
♦❜t❛✐♥s t❤✐s str❡♥❣t❤ ❛s ❡①❝❧✉s✐✈❡❧② ❤✐s ♦✇♥
✶✹
t❤❛t t❤✐s ♣♦✇❡r ❝♦♠❡s ❢r♦♠ ❛ q✉✐❝❦ ❛❝t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ♣r❡ss✐♥❣ ❢♦r✇❛r❞ ✳
✶✺
Soma ❡♥❡r❣✐③❡s t❤✐s ♣♦✇❡r ✳
■t ✐s ♣r❡s❡♥t ✐♥ Agni ✶✻ ✱ ✐♥ Br.haspati ✶✼ ✱ ✐♥ Marut✲s ✶✽ ✱ ✐♥ Mitra
❛♥❞ Varun
✶✾ ✷✵
. a ✱ ✐♥ t❤❡ ❜❛tt❧❡ r❛❣❡ ♦r ❢✉r② ✭manyú✮ ✱ ❛♥❞ ❛❧s♦ ✐♥
Vrtra ✖ ❜✉t Indra✬s ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ str❡♥❣t❤ ♦✈❡r❝♦♠❡s ✐t✷✶ ✳
.

❚❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡ ✭śávas✮

Indra✬s ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡ ✐s ❛ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡ ♦♥❡✬s ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❛♥❞✴♦r

♣❤②s✐♦❧♦❣✐❝❛❧ st❛♥❝❡ t♦ ❛ ❞❡❣r❡❡ t❤❛t ♦♥❡✬s ♣❡rs♦♥❛ ♦r ❛ ❝♦♥❝❡♣t
♦❢ ✏s❡❧❢ ✑ ♠✐❣❤t ❝❤❛♥❣❡ ❛♥❞ ❡✈❡♥ ❜❡❝♦♠❡✱ ❛t ❧❡❛st t❡♠♣♦r❛r✐❧②✱ ❞✐s✲
✶
❝❛r❞❡❞✳ ■t ✐s ❝❛❧❧❡❞ ❛ ♠❛♥❧② ♣♦✇❡r ✱ s♦ ❛♥② ❝❤❛♥❣❡ ✐t ❡✛❡❝ts s❤❛❧❧
❡♥❤❛♥❝❡ ✇❤❛t ♣♦❡ts ♦❢ ❘✐❣✈❡❞❛ ❝♦♥s✐❞❡r❡❞ t♦ ❜❡ ♠❛♥❧② q✉❛❧✐t✐❡s
✖ ✈❛❧♦r✱ ❞❛r✐♥❣✱ ❝♦✉r❛❣❡✱ str❡♥❣t❤✱ ✈✐r✐❧✐t②✱ ❢♦r❝❡❢✉❧♥❡ss✱ ❜❡✐♥❣ ✐♥
❝❤❛r❣❡✱ s❡❧❢✲❞❡t❡r♠✐♥❛t✐♦♥✱ ❛♥❞ ❤❡r♦✐❝ ❛s♣✐r❛t✐♦♥s✳ ❚❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦
❝❤❛♥❣❡ ♠❛♥✐❢❡sts ✐ts❡❧❢ t❤r♦✉❣❤ ❛♥ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡ t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✳

✷
❚❤✐s ♣♦✇❡r✱ ♦r ♣♦✇❡rs ✱ ✐s ♠❡♥t✐♦♥❡❞ t♦ ❜❡ ♣r❡s❡♥t ♥♦t ♦♥❧②

✶✸ ✶✳✺✼✳✻ ❚❤♦✉ ❛❧✇❛②s ♦❜t❛✐♥❡❞ ❛❧❧✲♣❡r✈❛❞✐♥❣ ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ str❡♥❣t❤ ❛s ❡①✲

❝❧✉s✐✈❡❧② t❤② ♦✇♥✳

✶✹ ✻✳✶✽✳✹ ❙✐♥❝❡ ■ t❤✐♥❦ t❤❛t t❤❡ ♦♥❧② r❡❛❧ ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ str❡♥❣t❤ ♦❢ t❤❡❡ ✳✳✳

❬✐s❪ ❢r♦♠ q✉✐❝❦ ❬❛❝t✐♦♥❪ ♦❢ ♣r❡ss✐♥❣ ❢♦r✇❛r❞✱✳✳

✶✺ ✶✳✶✻✳✻ ✻✳ ❚❤❡s❡ ❞r♦♣s ♦❢ Soma ❥✉✐❝❡✱✳✳✱ ❞r✐♥❦ t❤❡♠ ❢♦r ❛♥ ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣

str❡♥❣t❤✱ ❖ Indra✦
✻✳✶✼✳✹ ❊①❤✐❧❛r❛t✐♥❣ ❬❞r♦♣s ♦❢ Soma ❡①❝✐t❡ ❛❣❛✐♥ ❛♥❞ ❛❣❛✐♥ t❤❡ ❡♥t✐r❡ ❣r❡❛t

♣❡r✈❛❞✐♥❣ ♦✈❡r♣♦✇❡r✐♥❣ str❡♥❣t❤

✶✻ ✶✳✾✼✳✺✱✶✳✶✽✾✳✹✱ ✻✳✻✵✳✶✱ ❡t❝✳
✶✼ ✹✳✺✵✳✶
✶✽ ✻✳✻✻✳✾✱✼✳✺✻✳✶✾
✶✾ ✼✳✻✵✳✶✵
✷✵ ✶✵✳✽✸✳✶
✷✶ ✶✳✽✵✳✶✵ Indra ❦♥♦❝❦❡❞ ♦✉t Vrtra✬s ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝♦♥tr♦❧✱ ❬❤❡ ❦♥♦❝❦ ♦✉t❪ ♦✈❡r✲
.
✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ str❡♥❣t❤ ✇✐t❤ ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ str❡♥❣t❤✳
✶ ✽✳✺✶✳✶✵ ❚❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡ ❤❛s s♣r❡❛❞ ✐♥ ✉s t❤❡ ♠❛♥❧② ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡

✶✳✽✵✳✸ s✐♥❝❡ t❤② ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡ ❬✐s❪ ❛ ♠❛♥❧② ♣♦✇❡r✱ t❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ ❦✐❧❧ Vr.tra✱
t❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ ✇✐♥ ✇❛t❡rs

✽✳✸✳✽ ■♥ t❤❡ r❛♣t✉r❡ ♦❢ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❬❙♦♠❛❪✱ ✐♥ Vis.n

. u❬✬s s❡❝♦♥❞ ❢♦♦t♣r✐♥t❪✱

Indra ❤❛s str❡♥❣t❤❡♥❡❞ ❥✉st ❤✐s ❬♦✇♥❪ ♠❛♥❧② ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡ ✳✳✳
✷ ✽✳✻✽✳✽ ◆♦ ♦♥❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❛tt❛✐♥ t❤② ♣♦✇❡rs t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✳
✺✻ P♦✇❡rs ♦❢ Indra

✐♥ Indra ✖ Agni ✸ ✱ Marut✲s ✹ ✱ Br.haspati ✺ ✱ ❛♥❞ Aśvin✲s ✻ ❛r❡ s❛✐❞ t♦

♣♦ss❡ss ✐t✱ ❜✉t Indra ❤❛s ✐t t❤❡ ♠♦st ✳
✼
✽
❚❤✐s ♣♦✇❡r ❝♦♠❡s ❢r♦♠ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❣❡st✉r❡s ✱ ❢r♦♠ ✏t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡✑ ✱
✾
✶✵
❛♥❞ ❢r♦♠ ❛ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t ✳ Tvas
✶✶
. .t.r ❝❛♥ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥ ✐t ✱ Indra ❛❞❡♣ts
✶✷
❝❛♥ t♦♦ ✱ ❛♥❞ Indra ❞♦❡s ✐t ❤✐♠s❡❧❢
✶✸ ✳ ❚❤✐s ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡
❤❛s ❧✐♠✐ts t❤❛t ♥♦ ♦♥❡ ❝❛♥ r❡❛❝❤
✶✹ ✳ ■t ✐s ❢♦r❝❡❢✉❧✶✺ ✱ ❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s ✶✻ ✱
✶✼ ✶✽ ✶✾ ✷✵ ✷✶
❞❛r✐♥❣ ✱ ✐♥✈✐♥❝✐❜❧❡ ✱ ❜✉❧❧✐s❤ ✱ ♠❛♥❧② ✱ ❛♥❞ ✐rr❡s✐st✐❜❧❡ ✳ ■t ✐s
t❤r♦✉❣❤ ✐t t❤❛t Indra ✐s s✉♣❡r✐♦r t♦ ❛❧❧ ❝r❡❛t✉r❡s
✷✷ ✳
Indra✬s ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡ ❤❛s s❡✈❡r❛❧ ❡✛❡❝ts✳ ■t ❤❡❧♣s Indra t♦

✸ ✺✳✽✻✳✸ ■♥❞❡❡❞✱ t❤❡✐r ❢♦r❝❡❢✉❧ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱ ❬✐s❪ t❤❡ s❝♦r❝❤✐♥❣ ✢❛♠❡ ♦❢
t❤❡ t✇♦ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡s ❬Indra ❬❛♥❞❪ Agni❪✳
✼✳✾✸✳✷ ❙✐♥❝❡ ②♦✉ t✇♦✱ ❬Indra✕Agni✱❪ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ s✇❡❧❧❡❞ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦
❝❤❛♥❣❡✱ s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ str♦♥❣❡r t♦❣❡t❤❡r✱ s✉❝❤✱ ❧❛✐❞❡♥ ✇✐t❤ s♣♦✐❧s✱ ❖ ❝❤❛♥❣✲
✐♥❣ ♣♦✇❡r❢✉❧❧② ♦♥❡s✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ♣♦✇❡r ♦✈❡r ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥t ✏♣❛st✉r❛❣❡✑ ♦❢ t❤❡ tr❡❛✲
s✉r❡✱ ❞♦ ♠✐① t❤r✐❧❧✲✐♥❞✉❝✐♥❣ ❡♥❞✉r✐♥❣ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✦
✹✳✽✳✽✱ ✺✳✼✳✸✱ ❡t❝✳
✹ ✶✳✸✾✳✽✱✺✳✺✷✳✽✱✻✳✻✻✳✻✱ ❡t❝✳
✺ ✷✳✷✹✳✶✶
✻ ✼✳✼✹✳✻✱ ✽✳✾✳✷✵
✼ ✻✳✷✷✳✼✱ ✼✳✷✶✳✺✱ ✽✳✹✵✳✷ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♠♦st ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡
✽ ✻✳✷✷✳✷ ✇❤♦ ❤❛s t❤❡ ♠♦st ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡ t❤r♦✉❣❤ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❣❡st✉r❡s
✾ ✽✳✺✶✳✶✵ ❚❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡ ❤❛s s♣r❡❛❞ ✐♥ ✉s ♠❛♥❧② ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡
✶✵ ✶✵✳✹✾✳✷ ■ ❤❛✈❡ ❜♦❧❞❧② t❛❦❡♥ ✖ ❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡ ✖ t❤❡
t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✳
✶✶ ✶✳✺✷✳✼ Tvastr ❤❛s str❡♥❣t❤❡♥❡❞ ❢♦r t❤❡❡ t❤❡ t♦✲❜❡✲❡♠♣❧♦②❡❞ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡ t♦
. ..
❝❤❛♥❣❡
✶✷ ✽✳✻✷✳✶✵ ■♥ t❤❡ s❤❡❧t❡r ♦❢ t❤❡❡ t❤❡② ❤❛✈❡ ❢r❡q✉❡♥t❧② ✐♥❝r❡❛s❡❞ t❤② ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❡❞
♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱ t❤❡❡✱ t❤② r❡s♦✉r❝❡❢✉❧♥❡ss
✶✸ ✽✳✸✳✽ Vis.n
■♥ t❤❡ r❛♣t✉r❡ ♦❢ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❬❙♦♠❛❪✱ ✐♥ . u❬✬s s❡❝♦♥❞ ❢♦♦t♣r✐♥t❪✱ In-
dra ❤❛s str❡♥❣t❤❡♥❡❞ ❥✉st ❤✐s ❬♦✇♥❪ ♠❛♥❧② ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡
✶✵✳✷✸✳✺ ✇❤♦✱ ❧✐❦❡ ❛ ❢❛t❤❡r ❬str❡♥❣t❤❡♥s ❤✐s❪ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝♦♥tr♦❧✱ ❤❛s str❡♥❣t❤✲
❡♥❡❞ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡
✶✹ ✶✳✺✹✳✶ t❤❡ ❧✐♠✐ts ♦❢ t❤② ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡ ✐s ♥♦t t♦ ❜❡ r❡❛❝❤❡❞
✶✳✶✵✵✳✶✺ ❚❤❡ ❧✐♠✐ts ♦❢ ✇❤♦s❡ ♣♦✇❡r✲t♦✲❝❤❛♥❣❡ ♥♦t ❛♠♦♥❣ deva✲s✱ ♥♦t ❛♠♦♥❣
♠♦rt❛❧s✱ t❤❡ deva✲s ❛♥❞ ❡✈❡♥ t❤❡ ✇❛t❡rs s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ r❡❛❝❤❡❞
✻✳✷✾✳✺ ❋♦r t❤❡❡ ♥♦ ❧✐♠✐t t♦ ❤✐s ♣♦✇❡r✲t♦✲❝❤❛♥❣❡ ✐s s❡t
✶✺ ✺✳✽✻✳✸ ■♥❞❡❡❞✱ t❤❡✐r ❢♦r❝❡❢✉❧ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱ ❬✐s❪ t❤❡ s❝♦r❝❤✐♥❣ ✢❛♠❡ ♦❢
t❤❡ t✇♦ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡s ❬Indra ❬❛♥❞❪ Agni❪✳
✶✻ ✽✳✶✳✷✷ ❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s t❤r♦✉❣❤ ❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s ♣♦✇❡r✲t♦✲❝❤❛♥❣❡
✶✼ ✶✳✺✹✳✷ ✇❤♦ ✇✐t❤ ❞❛r✐♥❣ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡ ❛❧✐❣♥s ❜♦t❤ Rodas✲❡s
✶✽ ✻✳✶✾✳✷ s✇❡❧❧❡❞ ✇✐t❤ ✐♥✈✐♥❝✐❜❧❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡
✶✾ ✽✳✸✳✶✵ ❚❤②✱ ❖ Indra✱ ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ str❡♥❣t❤ ❬✐s❪ t❤❛t ❜✉❧❧✐s❤ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡ t♦
❝❤❛♥❣❡✱ ✇✐t❤ ✇❤✐❝❤ t❤♦✉ ♣♦✉r❡❞ ♦✉t ♣♦t❡♥t ✇❛t❡rs ❬t♦✇❛r❞s❪ t❤❡ s❡❛✳
✷✵ ✽✳✸✳✽ Vis.n
■♥ t❤❡ r❛♣t✉r❡ ♦❢ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❬❙♦♠❛❪✱ ✐♥ . u❬✬s s❡❝♦♥❞ ❢♦♦t♣r✐♥t❪✱
Indra ❤❛s str❡♥❣t❤❡♥❡❞ ❥✉st ❤✐s ❬♦✇♥❪ ♠❛♥❧② ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡
✶✳✽✵✳✸ s✐♥❝❡ t❤② ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡ ❬✐s❪ ❛ ♠❛♥❧② ♣♦✇❡r✱ t❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ ❦✐❧❧ Vr.tra✱
t❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ ✇✐♥ ✇❛t❡rs
✷✶ ✽✳✷✹✳✾ t❤② ✳✳✳ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡ ✐s ✐rr❡s✐st✐❜❧❡
✶✳✽✹✳✷ ✇❤♦s❡ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡ t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡ ❝❛♥ ♥♦t ❜❡ ❞❡✜❡❞
✷✷ ✽✳✾✼✳✾ ❚❤r♦✉❣❤ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡ t❤♦✉ ❛r❡ s✉♣❡r✐♦r t♦ ❛❧❧ ❝r❡❛t✉r❡s
❜❡ ❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s
✷✸ ✱ t♦ ♦❜t❛✐♥ ✉♥r❡♣✉❧s❛❜❧❡ ❢❡r✈♦r✷✹ ✱ t♦ ❝❛st ❛ t❤✉♥❞❡r✲
✷✺ ✷✻
❜♦❧t ✱ t♦ ❛❧✐❣♥ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤ ✱ t♦ t❡♥❞ ✉♣✇❛r❞s
✷✼ ✱
✷✽
❛♥❞ t♦ ♠❛✐♥t❛✐♥ ❧✐❦❡✲♠✐♥❞❡❞♥❡ss ✇✐t❤ ◆✐❣❤t ❛♥❞ ❉❛✇♥ ✳ ❯s✐♥❣
Indra ❞❡❢❡❛ts ♦❜str✉❝t✐♥❣ ✇❛t❡rs Vr.tra ❛♥❞ ✇✐♥s t❤❡ ✇❛✲
t❤✐s ♣♦✇❡r
t❡rs
✷✾ ✱ s✉❜❞✉❡s ♦r ✈❛♥q✉✐s❤❡s t❤❡ s♥❛❦❡✸✵ ✱ ✜❣❤ts ❞❡♠♦♥
Śus.n.a✸✶ ✳
❇② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ t❤✐s ♣♦✇❡r Indra ❢❛❝✐❧✐t❛t❡s ❢♦r ❤✐s ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡rs s❛❝r✐✲
✸✷ ❛♥❞ ♠❛❦❡s s✉❝❤ ❛❝t✐✈✐t✐❡s r❡✇❛r❞✐♥❣✸✸ ✳ ❚❤r♦✉❣❤
✜❝✐❛❧ ❛❝t✐✈✐t✐❡s
t❤✐s ♣♦✇❡r Indra ❛❣✐t❛t❡s ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡r✬s ✏❞❡❡♣ ❜❛s❡✑
✸✹ ❛♥❞ ❤❡❧♣s t❤❡♠
✸✺
t♦ ❜❡ ✐♥ t❤❡ ♣r❡s❡♥❝❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❞✐✈✐♥❡ ✳

❚❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝♦♥✜❣✉r❡ ♠✐♥❞ ❛♥❞ ❜♦❞② ✭māyā´✮

Māyā´ ✖ ✐s t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝♦♥✜❣✉r❡ ❝♦❣♥✐t✐♦♥ ❛♥❞ ♣❤②s✐♦❧♦❣✐❝❛❧ ♣r♦✲
❝❡ss❡s✳ ■t ✐s ♣r❡s❡♥t ✐♥ ♠❛♥② deva✲s ✖ Indra✱ Marut✲s ✭✶✳✽✽✳✶✱
✶✳✻✹✳✼✱ ✶✳✶✻✼✳✷✱ ✺✳✺✽✳✷✮✱ Mitra ❛♥❞ Varun.a ✭✶✳✶✺✶✳✾✱ ✸✳✻✶✳✼✱ ✺✳✻✸✳✹✱
✷✸ ✽✳✶✳✷✷ ❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s t❤r♦✉❣❤ ❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡
✷✹ ✽✳✾✼✳✶✸ ❛❧✇❛②s ♦❜t❛✐♥✐♥❣ ✉♥r❡♣✉❧s❛❜❧❡ ❬❢❡r✈♦r❪ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ♣♦✇❡rs t♦
❝❤❛♥❣❡
✷✺ ✹✳✶✼✳✸ ❍❡✱ ❝❛st✐♥❣ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡ t❤❡ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✱ s❤❛❧❧ ♣✐❡r❝❡
t❤❡ ♠♦✉♥t❛✐♥
✷✻ ✶✳✺✹✳✷ ✇❤♦ ✇✐t❤ ❞❛r✐♥❣ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡ ❛❧✐❣♥s ❜♦t❤ Rodas✲❡s
✷✼ ✻✳✷✵✳✶ t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡ ♦❢ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ t❡♥❞s ✉♣✇❛r❞s ❜② t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡
st❛♥❞s ✐♥ ❜❛tt❧❡s ♦✈❡r ♠❡♥✳
✷✽ ✶✳✻✷✳✾ ❬❤❡✱❪ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱ ❤❛s ♠❛✐♥t❛✐♥❡❞ ❛ ❧✐❦❡✲
♠✐♥❞❡❞♥❡ss ❬✇✐t❤ ◆✐❣❤t ❛♥❞ ❉❛✇♥❪✳
✷✾ ✶✳✽✵✳✸ s✐♥❝❡ t❤② ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡ ❬✐s❪ ❛ ♠❛♥❧② ♣♦✇❡r✱ t❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ ❦✐❧❧ Vrtra✱
.
t❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ ✇✐♥ ✇❛t❡rs
✽✳✶✷✳✷✻ ❲❤❡♥ t❤♦✉✱ ✉s✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱ ❤❛✈❡ ❞❡❢❡❛t❡❞ ♦❜str✉❝t✐♥❣
✢♦✇✐♥❣ ✇❛t❡rs Vr.tra ✳✳✳
✼✳✷✶✳✻ ❙✐♥❝❡ t❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ s❧❛②❡❞ Vr.tra ✇✐t❤ t❤② ♦✇♥ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡ ✳✳✳
✸✵ ✹✳✷✷✳✺ t❤♦✉✱ ❞❛r✐♥❣ ❝♦✉r❛❣❡♦✉s❧②✱ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✱ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦
❝❤❛♥❣❡ s✉❜❞✉❡❞ t❤❡ s♥❛❦❡
✶✳✺✶✳✹ ❲❤❡♥ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ ✉s✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱ ✈❛♥q✉✐s❤❡❞ Vr.tra
t❤❡ s♥❛❦❡
✸✶ ✶✳✺✻✳✸ ❬t❤❛t ✐♠♣✉❧s❡❪ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ✇❤✐❝❤ ✐♥ ❬❤✐s❪ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t✐♦♥ t❤❡ ✐r♦♥
❬t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t ❞❡❣r❛❞❡❞❪ ❤❛✈✐♥❣✲t❤❡✲♣♦✇❡r✲t♦✲❢r❛♠❡✲❬✐❞❡❛s ❛♥❞ ♣❡r❝❡♣t✐♦♥❪
. a✳
Śus.n
✸✷ ✹✳✷✷✳✶ ❚❤❡ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡✱ ✇❤♦ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡ ❦❡❡♣s ❜❛❧❛♥❝✐♥❣
t❤❡ st♦♥❡✱ ❬♣r❡♣❛r❡s❪ ❛ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥✱ ❛ ❤②♠♥ ♦❢ ♣r❛✐s❡✱ Soma✱ t♦✲❜❡✲r❡❝✐t❡❞
✈❡rs❡s✳
✶✳✶✵✵✳✶✹ ❲❤♦s❡ ✈❡r❜❛❧ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❛❝t✐✈✐t② ❬✐s❪ ♥♦t ❝♦♥❞✉❝✐✈❡✲t♦✲❡①❤❛✉st✐♦♥ ❜❡✲
❝❛✉s❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡
✸✸ ✻✳✷✾✳✸ ❚❤❡ ❞❛r✐♥❣ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲✇✐❡❧❞❡r ❛❜♦✉♥❞s ✐♥ s❛❝r✐✜❝✐❛❧ r❡✇❛r❞s
t❤r♦✉❣❤ ❬❤✐s❪ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✳
✸✹ ✹✳✶✾✳✹ ❲✐t❤ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡ ❤❡ ❛❣✐t❛t❡❞ t❤❡ ❞❡❡♣ ❜❛s❡ ❧✐❦❡ ✇✐♥❞ ❬❛❣✐✲
t❛t❡s❪ st❛❣♥❛♥t ✇❛t❡r
✸✺ ✽✳✻✷✳✽ ❚❤❛t t❤②✱ ❖ Indra✱ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡ ✐s ❡①t♦❧❧❡❞ ❬❛s❪ t❤❡ ♠♦st ❡①❝❡❧❧❡♥t
❢♦r ❬❜❡✐♥❣ ✐♥❪ t❤❡ ♣r❡s❡♥❝❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❞✐✈✐♥❡✳
✺✽ P♦✇❡rs ♦❢ Indra

✺✳✽✺✳✺✕✻✮✱ Aśvin✲s ✭✺✳✼✽✳✻✱ ✻✳✻✸✳✺✱ ✶✵✳✷✹✳✹✮✱ Āditya✲s ✭✷✳✷✼✳✶✻✮✱ Agni

✭✸✳✷✵✳✸✱ ✶✵✳✽✽✳✻✮✱ Soma ✭✼✳✽✷✳✸✮✱ ❛♥❞ Tvas..t.r ✭✶✵✳✺✸✳✾✮❀ ✈❛r✐♦✉s
❞❡♠♦♥s ❤❛✈❡ ✐t ✖ Śus.n.a ✭✶✳✶✶✳✼✱ ✶✳✺✻✳✸✱ ✺✳✸✶✳✼✱ ✻✳✷✵✳✹✮✱ Vr.tra
✭✷✳✶✶✳✾✱ ✶✵✳✶✶✶✳✻✱ ✶✵✳✶✹✼✳✷✮✱ t❤❡ s♥❛❦❡ ✭✶✳✸✷✳✹✱ ✷✳✶✶✳✺✱ ✺✳✸✵✳✻✮✱
dasyu✲s ✭✶✳✸✸✳✶✵✱ ✶✳✶✶✼✳✸✱ ✷✳✶✶✳✶✵✱ ✹✳✶✻✳✾✱ ✽✳✶✹✳✶✹✱ ✶✵✳✼✸✳✺✮ Svarbhānu
✭✺✳✹✵✳✻✱✽✮✱ Namuci ✭✶✳✺✸✳✼✮✱ ❛♥❞ Pipru ✭✶✵✳✶✸✽✳✸✮❀ ♠♦rt❛❧s ❤❛✈❡ ✐t
❛s ✇❡❧❧ ✭✸✳✻✵✳✶✱ ✻✳✹✺✳✾✱ ✶✳✸✾✳✷✮✳
❲❤❡♥ ❞✐r❡❝t❡❞ ❛t t❤❡ ♠✐♥❞ ❛♥❞ t❤❡ s❡♥s❡s✱ t❤✐s ♣♦✇❡r ❢r❛♠❡s
♣❡r❝❡♣t✐♦♥ ❛♥❞ t❤✐♥❦✐♥❣✳ ■♥ ❝❛s❡s ✇❤❡♥ ❡♥t✐t✐❡s ♦t❤❡r t❤❛♥ Soma✱
Indra ♦r ❛rt✐s❛♥s ❡♠♣❧♦② ✐t✱ t❤✐s ♣♦✇❡r ❝r❡❛t❡s ♠♦st❧②✲✐♠♣❡r❝❡♣t✐❜❧❡
❝♦♥t❡①t ❢♦r ♣❡r❝❡♣t✐♦♥ ❛♥❞ ❝♦❣♥✐t✐♦♥ t❤❛t r❡s♦❧✈❡s ✉♥❝❡rt❛✐♥t✐❡s✱
❛♠❜✐❣✉✐t✐❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❧❛❝❦ ♦❢ ✐♥❢♦r♠❛t✐♦♥ ✇✐t❤ ❛ str♦♥❣ ❜✐❛s t♦✇❛r❞s ✐♥✲
t❡♥❞❡❞ ❜② t❤❡ ❡♥t✐t② ❝♦♥❝❧✉s✐♦♥✳ ■♥ s✉❝❤ ❝❛s❡s ❡✛❡❝ts ♦❢ t❤✐s ♣♦✇❡r
❝❛♥ ❜❡ ❝❛❧❧❡❞ tr✐❝❦s✱ ❞❡❝❡✐t✱ ❝✉♥♥✐♥❣✱ s♦r❝❡r②✱ ♠❛❣✐❝✳ ❙✉❝❤ ❡✛❡❝ts
❛r❡ ♥♦t ♥❡❝❡ss❛r✐❧② ❞❡s✐❣♥❡❞ t♦ ❤❛r♠ ✖ Marut✲s ✐♥❝✐t❡ ♠❡♥ t♦ ❛❞✲
✈❡♥t✉r❡s ❜② ❡♠♣❤❛s✐③✐♥❣ ♣♦s✐t✐✈❡ ❛s♣❡❝ts ♦❢ ❛ q✉❡st ❛♥❞ ❛tt❡♥✉❛t✐♥❣
❞✐✣❝✉❧t✐❡s ❛♥❞ t♦✐❧✳ Mitra ❛♥❞ Varun.a✱ t❤r♦✉❣❤ t❤❡✐r ❛❝t✐✈✐t✐❡s t♦
❢❛❝✐❧✐t❛t❡ s♦❝✐❛❧✐③✐♥❣✱ ♠✐❣❤t ❝r❡❛t❡ ❛ ❜✐❛s t♦✇❛r❞s ❝♦♦♣❡r❛t✐♦♥✱ ❜✉t
❝❛♥ ❛❧s♦ ❡✛❡❝t ❛ ❢❛❧s❡ ✐♠♣r❡ss✐♦♥ t❤❛t ♦t❤❡rs s❤❛r❡ ♦♥❡✬s ✈❛❧✉❡s✱
♣r❡❢❡r❡♥❝❡s✱ ♦r ❣♦❛❧s✳ ❊♥❡♠✐❡s ♦❢ Indra ✉s❡ t❤✐s ♣♦✇❡r ✐♥ ❛ ✇❛②
t❤❛t ✐s ❞❡❡♠❡❞ ❜② ♣♦❡ts ♦❢ ❘✐❣✈❡❞❛ ❛s ❤❛r♠❢✉❧✳ Indra ❛♥❞ Soma
✉s❡ t❤✐s ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❡①♣❛♥❞ t❤❡ ♠❡♥t❛❧ s♣❛❝❡✱ t♦ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t❡ ✐♠♣♦s❡❞
❜② ✈❛r✐♦✉s ❞❡♠♦♥s r❡str✐❝t✐♦♥s ♦♥ ♣❡r❝❡♣t✐♦♥ ❛♥❞ ❝♦♥❣♥✐t♦♥ ✭❛♥❞
t❤✉s ♦♥ s♦❧✉t✐♦♥s t♦ ✈❛r✐♦✉s ♣r♦❜❧❡♠s✮✳
❲❤❡♥ ❛rt✐s❛♥s ✉s❡ ✐t✱ ✐t ✐s ❡♠♣❧♦②❡❞ t♦ ❡✛❡❝t tr❛♥s❢♦r♠❛t✐♦♥s
♦❢ ♠❛t❡r✐❛❧s ✐♥t♦ ✇♦♥❞r♦✉s t❤✐♥❣s ✖ t♦ ✇❤✐❝❤ ♠❡t❛❧❧✉r❣②✱ ❛r❝❤✐✲
t❡❝t✉r❡✱ ❝❤❡♠✐str② ❛r❡ ♣r✐♠❛r② ❡①❛♠♣❧❡s ✖ ❛s ❆✳❈✳❈❧❛r❦ s❛✐❞✱ ❛♥②
s✉✣❝✐❡♥t❧② ❛❞✈❛♥❝❡❞ t❡❝❤♥♦❧♦❣② ✐s ✐♥❞✐st✐♥❣✉✐s❤❛❜❧❡ ❢r♦♠ ♠❛❣✐❝✳
❲❤❡♥ māyā ✐s ❞✐r❡❝t❡❞ ❛t t❤❡ ❜♦❞②✱ ✐t tr✐❣❣❡rs ✈❛r✐♦✉s ♣❤②s✲
✐♦❧♦❣✐❝❛❧ ♣r♦❝❡ss❡s ✐♥ ✉♥✉s✉❛❧ ❝♦♥t❡①ts✳ Indra tr✐❣❣❡rs ❛ r✉s❤ ♦❢
✈✐❣♦✉r✶ ✱ ❛ ❢r❡♥③②✷ ✱ ♣✉ts t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t ✐♥t♦ ❛r♠s ✸ ✱ r❡❧❡❛s❡s ✐♥♥❡r
✇❛t❡rs ✹ ✱ ❡t❝✳❀ Aśvin✲s tr✐❣❣❡r ❤❡❛❧✐♥❣ ♠❡❝❤❛♥✐s♠s ✐♥ t❤❡ ❜♦❞②✺
❛♥❞ ♠♦❜✐❧✐③❡ ❜♦❞②✬s r❡s♦✉r❝❡s ✐♥ ♠♦♠❡♥ts ♦❢ ❡①tr❡♠❡ ❞❛♥❣❡r ♦r
✶ ✶✵✳✹✷✳✼ ❊✛❡❝t ❢♦r ✐♥✈♦❦❡r ✈✐s✐♦♥ ✇❤✐❝❤ ❤❛s ❛ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r ❢♦r ❛ ❥❡✇❡❧✦
✽✳✾✷✳✸ ❖♥❧② Indra ❬✐s❪ ❢♦r ✉s ❛ ❣✐✈❡r ♦❢ ♠✐❣❤t② r✉s❤❡s ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r
✷ ✹✳✶✾✳✹ ✉s✐♥❣ ♣♦✇❡rs t♦ ❝♦♥tr♦❧✱ Indra✱ ❝♦♠♠❛♥❞✐♥❣ ❛ ❢r❡♥③②✱ ❞❡str♦②❡❞
str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞s❀
✸ ✶✵✳✶✹✹✳✷ ❬❚❤✐s ♦♥❡ ❡✛❡❝ts❪ s❦✐❧❧❢✉❧ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t ❢♦r ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ✐s ❞✐s♣♦s❡❞ t♦
❣✐✈❡
✹ ✽✳✾✻✳✶✽ ❚❤♦✉ r❡❧❡❛s❡❞ ❛rr❡st❡❞ r✐✈❡rs✱ t❤♦✉ ♦✈❡r❝❛♠❡ ✇❛t❡rs ❬t❤❛t ✇❡r❡❪
t❤❡ ♠✐str❡ss❡s ♦❢ t❤❡ ❞❡♠♦♥✳
✶✵✳✶✵✹✳✾ ❚❤♦✉ ❞✐❞ s❡t ♣♦t❡♥t ✇❛t❡rs ❢r❡❡ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ❝✉rs❡
✺ ✶✳✸✹✳✻✱ ✶✳✸✹✳✶✶✱✶✳✶✶✷✳✽✱ ❡t❝✳
str❡ss ❀ ❡①t❡r♥❛❧ Agni ❝❛♥✱ ❜② ♠❡r❡ s✐❣❤t ♦❢ ✐t✱ ♠❛❦❡ ❜♦❞② r❡✲
✻
❧❛①❡❞ ❛♥❞ ✇❛r♠❡❞✱ ✇❤✐❧❡ ✐♥♥❡r Agni ❝❛♥ r❛✐s❡ t❡♠♣❡r❛t✉r❡ ✐♥ ♣❛rts
♦❢ t❤❡ ❜♦❞② ❝♦♥tr❛r② t♦ ✐ts r❡✢❡①❡s ✭❛s ❡✈✐❞❡♥❝❡❞ ❜② ♣r❛❝t✐❝❡ ♦❢
t✉♠♠♦ ✮✳ ❊♥❡♠✐❡s ♦❢ Indra ✖ Śusna✱ Vrtra✱ t❤❡ s♥❛❦❡ ✭áhi✮✱ ❛♥❞
♦t❤❡r ❞❡♠♦♥s ✖ ❡♠♣❧♦② māyā ✐♥. . ✇❛②s. t❤❛t ❢r❡q✉❡♥t❧② ❧❡❛❞ t♦
❤❛r♠✳
Indra ✉s❡s t❤✐s ♣♦✇❡r t♦ s✉♣♣♦rt t❤❡ ♠✐♥❞ ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ❜♦❞② ✱ t♦
✼ ✽
❛ss✉♠❡ ✈❛r✐♦✉s ❢♦r♠s ❤✐♠s❡❧❢ ✐♥ ♦r❞❡r t♦ ❡✛❡❝t ❝❤❛♥❣❡s ✐♥ t❤❡
✾
❜♦❞② ❀ ❤❡ ❛❧s♦ ✉s❡s ✐t t♦ ❞❡❢❡❛t ❤✐s ♥✉♠❡r♦✉s ❡♥❡♠✐❡s ✳ ▼♦r❡
✶✵ ✶✶
❞❡t❛✐❧s ♦♥ t❤✐s ✇✐❧❧ ❜❡ ❣✐✈❡♥ ✐♥ ♦t❤❡r s❡❝t✐♦♥s✳
❚❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t❡ ✭dyumná✮
❚❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t❡ ✐s✱ ✐♥ t❤❡ ✐♥♥❡r s❡♥s❡✱ t❤❡ ❛❜✐❧✐t② t♦ s❤♦✇
♠❡♠♦r✐❡s✱ s❡♥s❛t✐♦♥s✱ ❢❡❡❧✐♥❣s✱ ❡♠♦t✐♦♥s✱ ✐❞❡❛s✱ ❡t❝✳ t❤❛t ♦♥❡ ✐s ♥♦t
❛✇❛r❡ ♦❢ ♦r ✐s ♥♦t ❢✉❧❧② ❝♦♥s❝✐♦✉s ♦❢✱ ♦r ❞♦❡s ♥♦t ❝♦♥s✐❞❡r ❛t t❤❡
s❛♠❡ t✐♠❡ ✖ ❥✉st ❧✐❦❡ t❤❡ ❞❛✇♥ ❤❛s t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ s❤♦✇ ❛❧❧ ♦❢ t❤❡
✶
❧❛♥❞s❝❛♣❡ ✐♥ ✐ts ❡♥t✐r❡t② ✖ ❛♥❞✱ t❤✉s✱ t♦ ✐♥s♣✐r❡✳ ■♥ t❤❡ ❡①t❡r♥❛❧
s❡♥s❡✱ ✐t ✐s t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ s❤❡❞ ❧✐❣❤t ♦♥t♦ t❤✐♥❣s t❤❛t ❛r❡ ✐♥ t❤❡ ❞❛r❦
✖ ❧✐❦❡ t❤❡ ✜r❡ ❞♦❡s✳
❚❤✐s ♣♦✇❡r✱ ♦r ♣♦✇❡rs ✱ ✐s ♣r❡s❡♥t ✐♥ Indra✱ Soma ✭✶✳✾✶✳✷✱
✷
✸✳✸✼✳✽✱ ✸✳✹✵✳✼✱ ✻✳✹✹✳✶✱ ✾✳✷✳✷✱ ❡t❝✳✮✱ Agni ✭✶✳✸✻✳✽✱ ✶✳✼✸✳✹✱ ✺✳✷✸✳✶✱ ❡t❝✳✮✱
t❤❡ ❉❛✇♥ ✭✶✳✹✽✳✶✱ ✶✳✹✽✳✶✻✱ ✹✳✺✶✳✼✮✱ Marut✲s ✭✶✳✸✼✳✹✱ ✺✳✽✼✳✼✮✱ ❞❛②✲
t✐♠❡ s❦② ✭✹✳✶✻✳✶✾✱ ✶✵✳✶✶✺✳✼✮✱ Sarasvatı̄ ✭✻✳✻✶✳✶✸✮✱ Mitra ✭✸✳✺✾✳✻✮✱
❛♥❞ ❤✉♠❛♥s ✭✶✳✺✹✳✶✶✱ ✶✳✶✵✸✳✸✱ ✷✳✷✳✶✵✱ ❡t❝✳✮✳
Indra ❤❛s ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥t ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t❡ ✱ ❤❡ s❤❛❧❧ ✜♥❞ ❧✐❣❤t
✸

✻ ✶✳✶✶✷✳✺✕✻✱ ❡t❝✳
✼ ✷✳✶✼✳✺ ❤❡✱ t❤r♦✉❣❤ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❢r❛♠❡ ❬♣❡r❝❡♣t✐♦♥❪✱ s✉♣♣♦rt❡❞ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥
❢r♦♠ ❢❛❧❧✐♥❣ ♦✛✳
✽ ✹✳✸✵✳✶✷ ❆♥❞ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ ❤✐♥❞❡r❡❞ ✉s✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❢r❛♠❡
❬❝♦❣♥✐t✐♦♥❪ t❤❡ str❡❛♠ Vibālı̄ t❤❛t s♣r❡❛❞ ♦✈❡r t❤❡ ❣r♦✉♥❞✳
✾ ✻✳✹✼✳✶✽ ❍❛✈✐♥❣ ♠✉❧t✐♣❧❡ ❢♦r♠s ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❬❤✐s❪ ♣♦✇❡rs t♦ ❢r❛♠❡ ❬❝♦❣♥✐t✐♦♥❪✱
Indra ✐s ❝♦♥t✐♥✉♦✉s❧② ♦♥ t❤❡ ♠♦✈❡ ✳✳✳
✶✵ ✸✳✺✸✳✽ ❚❤❡ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡ ✇❛s ❛ss✉♠✐♥❣ ❢♦r♠ ❛❢t❡r ❢♦r♠ ❡✛❡❝t✐♥❣ ♣♦✇❡rs t♦
❝♦♥✜❣✉r❡ ❬♣❤②s✐♦❧♦❣✐❝❛❧ ♣r♦❝❡ss❡s❪ ❛❧❧ ♦✈❡r ❤✐s ❜♦❞② ✇❤❡♥ t❤r✐❝❡ ❬❜✉t❪ ❢♦r ❛
s❤♦rt t✐♠❡ ❤❡ ♠❛❞❡ ❛♥ ❛♣♣❡❛r❛♥❝❡ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥❀
✶✶ ✶✳✽✵✳✼ ✇❤❡♥ ✐♥❞❡❡❞ ❤✐♠ ✖ t❤❛t ❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❢r❛♠❡ ❝♦❣♥✐t✐♦♥ ❜❡❛st
✖ t❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ❞❡❢❡❛t❡❞ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❢r❛♠❡ ❝♦❣♥✐t✐♦♥✳
✹✳✸✵✳✷✶ ■♥ ♦r❞❡r t♦ ❞❡❝❡✐✈❡✱ ❤❡ ♣✉t t♦ s❧❡❡♣ ✇✐t❤ ❜❧♦✇s t❤✐rt② t❤♦✉s❛♥❞s
❞❡♠♦♥s ✖ ❬❤❡✱❪ Indra ✉s✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❢r❛♠❡ ❬❝♦❣♥✐t✐♦♥❪✳
✶ ❢♦r ❡①❛♠♣❧❡✱ ✇❤❡♥ ♦♥❡ ❜❡❧✐❡✈❡s ❆ ❛♥❞ ♥♦t✲❆ s❡♣❛r❛t❡❧②✱ ♦♥❡ ❛t ❛ t✐♠❡✱ t❤✉s
♥♦t ❜❡❝♦♠✐♥❣ ❛✇❛r❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❝♦♥tr❛❞✐❝t✐♦♥
✷ ✸✳✹✵✳✼✱ ✺✳✸✽✳✶
✸ ✶✳✾✳✻✱ ✻✳✶✽✳✶✶✱ ✽✳✾✵✳✷
❡✈❡♥ ✐♥ ❜❧✐♥❞ ❞❛r❦♥❡ss ✹✳ Soma ✐s ♠❡♥t✐♦♥❡❞ ❛s ❛ s♦✉r❝❡ ♦❢ t❤✐s
♣♦✇❡r ✐♥ Indra✺✱ ❛❧s♦ t❤❡ s♣❡❡❝❤✻ ✐s s✉❝❤ ❛ s♦✉r❝❡✳
❲♦rs❤✐♣❡rs ♦❢ Indra ❛s❦ ❤✐♠ t♦ ✐♠♣❛rt t♦ t❤❡♠ t❤✐s ♣♦✇❡r✼
s♦ t❤❛t t❤❡② ❝❛♥ tr❛♥s❢❡r ❤✐s ❢❡r✈♦r ✉♣✇❛r❞s ✽ ✭t❤❛t ✐s✱ t♦ ✉♣♣❡r
❝❛❦r❛s✮✱ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❤✐s ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s ✾✱ ❛♥❞ s❡❡ ♦♣♣♦rt✉♥✐t✐❡s ✶✵✳

❘❡s♦✉r❝❡❢✉❧♥❡ss ✭krátu✮
Krátu ✐s ❛ q✉❛❧✐t② ♦❢ t❤❡ ♠✐♥❞✶ t❤❛t ❝❛♥ ❜❡ ❞❡s❝r✐❜❡❞ ❛s r❡s♦✉r❝❡✲
❢✉❧♥❡ss ❛t s♦❧✈✐♥❣ ♣r♦❜❧❡♠s ❝♦♠❜✐♥❡❞ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ r❡s♦❧✈❡ t♦ ♦✈❡r❝♦♠❡
❞✐✣❝✉❧t✐❡s✱ ❛s ❛ s❦✐❧❧ ✐♥ ♦✉t✇✐tt✐♥❣ ♦♣♣♦s✐t✐♦♥✳ ❉❡♣❡♥❞✐♥❣ ♦♥ ❝♦♥✲
t❡①t ✐t ♠✐❣❤t ♠❛♥✐❢❡st ✐ts❡❧❢ ❛s r❡s♦✉r❝❡❢✉❧♥❡ss✱ ❛s s❦✐❧❧✱ ❛s ❛ ✇✐❧❡✱
❛s ❛♥ ✉♥❞❡rst❛♥❞✐♥❣✱ ♦r ❛ ❞❡s✐❣♥ ❢♦r ❛ ❝♦♥❢r♦♥t❛t✐♦♥✳
■t ✐s ♣r❡s❡♥t ✐♥ Agni ✷✱ Soma✸✱ ✐♥ Mitra ❛♥❞ Varun.a✹✱ ✐♥
Aryaman✺ ✱ Savitr. ✻ ✱ R . bhu✲s ✱ Aśvin✲s ✱ Trita ✱ Br.haspati ✱ ✐♥ t❤❡
✼ ✽ ✾ ✶✵

✹ ✶✳✶✵✵✳✽ ❍❡ s❤❛❧❧ ✜♥❞ ❧✐❣❤t ❡✈❡♥ ✐♥ ❜❧✐♥❞ ❞❛r❦♥❡ss✳

✺✳✸✶✳✸ ❍❡ ❞r♦✈❡ ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥t ❬✇❛t❡rs❪ ✐♥s✐❞❡ t❤❡ ❝❛✈❡✱ ❤❡ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❡❞ ❝♦♥❣❧♦♠✲
❡r❛t❡❞ ❬t❤❡r❡❪ ❞❛r❦♥❡ss ✇✐t❤ ❧✐❣❤t✳
✺ ✽✳✾✸✳✽ ■♥s♣✐r❡❞ ❜② Soma✱ ❤❡ ❬❜❡❝♦♠❡s❪ ♣♦ss❡ss✐♥❣ ♦❢ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ✐❧❧✉♠✐✲
♥❛t❡✱ ♣♦ss❡ss✐♥❣ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❞✐✈✐♥❡ ✈♦✐❝❡✳
✻ ✸✳✸✶✳✽ ❬❤❡✱❪ ❛ttr❛❝t✐♥❣✲❝♦✇s ❣✉✐❞❡✱ ❬✐s❪ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t✐♥❣ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ s♣❡❡❝❤❀
❧✐❦❡✲♠✐♥❞❡❞✱ ❤❡ ❢r❡❡❞ ❬❤✐s❪ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ✉♥s♣❡❛❦❛❜❧❡✳
✹✳✶✻✳✸ s✐♥❝❡ ❤❡ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t❡s ✇✐t❤ st❛♥③❛s✱ ❤❡ s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ ❜❡❣♦t t❤❡ s❡✈❡♥
s✐♥❣❡rs ♦❢ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥❀
✼ ✼✳✷✺✳✸ ❙❤❛r❡ ❜❡t✇❡❡♥ ✉s t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t❡ ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ❥❡✇❡❧✦
✻✳✶✾✳✻ ❚❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ ❣✐✈❡ ✉s ❛❧❧ ♣♦✇❡rs t♦ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t❡ ♠❛♥❧② ♣♦✇❡rs ♦❢ ❤✉♠❛♥s
✳✳✳ t♦ ♠❛❦❡ ❬✉s❪ ❡①✉❧t
✻✳✶✾✳✾ ❖ Indra✱ ♣❧❛❝❡ ✐♥t♦ ✉s ♣♦ss❡ss✐♥❣ ♦❢ svàr ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t❡✦
✹✳✶✻✳✾ ✇✐t❤ ❬✈❛r✐♦✉s❪ ❛✐❞s t❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ ❝❛st ❤✐♠ ✐♥t♦ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t❡
❜② ❛♥ ✐♥✈♦❝❛t✐♦♥
✽ ✸✳✸✼✳✶✵ P✉t ❬✐♥t♦ ✉s❪ ❞✐✣❝✉❧t t♦ s✉r♣❛ss ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t❡ ✖ ❬❛♥❞❪ ✇❡
❬✇✐❧❧❪ tr❛♥s❢❡r t❤② ❢❡r✈♦r ✉♣✇❛r❞s✳
✾ ✻✳✷✻✳✽ ❲♦✉❧❞ ✇❡✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❬❜❡✐♥❣ ❝❛st❪ ✐♥t♦ t❤✐s ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t❡ ❜②
♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❛♥ ✐♥✈♦❝❛t✐♦♥✱ ❜❡ t❤② ❞❡❛r❡st ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s
✶✵ ✶✳✾✳✽ ❧♦✉❞ ❛✉❞✐t♦r② ✐♠♣r❡ss✐♦♥ ❬❛♥❞❪ ❜❡st✲❛t✲♣r♦❝✉r✐♥❣✲t❤♦✉s❛♥❞❬✲
♦♣♣♦rt✉♥✐t✐❡s❪ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t❡ ✖ t❤❡s❡ ❬❛r❡❪ ❝❛rr✐❡❞✲✐♥✲❛✲❝❤❛r✐♦t ❧✐✲
❜❛t✐♦♥s
✶ ✷✳✶✻✳✷ ❤❡ ❝❛rr✐❡s Soma ✐♥ t❤❡ ❜❡❧❧②✱ ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ str❡♥❣t❤✱ ♠✐❣❤t ✐♥ t❤❡
❜♦❞②✱ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t ✐♥ ❤❛♥❞✱ r❡s♦✉r❝❡❢✉❧♥❡ss ✐♥ t❤❡ ❤❡❛❞✳
✷ ✶✳✶✷✳✶✱ ✶✳✶✾✳✷✱ ✸✳✻✳✺✱ ❡t❝✳
✸ ✶✳✾✶✳✷✱ ✽✳✼✾✳✼✱ ✾✳✹✳✺✱ ❡t❝✳
✹ ✶✳✷✳✽✱ ✶✳✷✺✳✶✵✱ ✸✳✻✷✳✶✻✱ ✺✳✻✻✳✶✱ ❡t❝✳
✻ ✶✳✼✸✳✷✱ ✻✳✼✶✳✶✱ ✶✵✳✻✹✳✼
✼ ✹✳✸✸✳✾✱ ✶✵✳✶✵✺✳✻
✽ ✶✳✶✶✷✳✷✸
✾ ✽✳✼✳✷✹✱ ✶✵✳✽✳✼
✶✵ ✶✳✶✾✵✳✸
❜❛tt❧❡ ❢✉r②
✶✶ ✱ ✐♥ ♠❡❞✐❝✐♥❛❧ ❤❡r❜s ✶✷ ✱ ❛♥❞ ✐♥ ♠♦rt❛❧s ✶✸ ✳

Indra ✐s ♦❢t❡♥ ✭✻✼ t✐♠❡s✮ ❝❛❧❧❡❞ śatákratu ✖ ✏❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞

✇✐❧❡s✑
✶✹ ✱ ❛♥❞ ♦♥❧② t✇✐❝❡ śatákratu ❝❤❛r❛❝t❡r✐③❡s ♥♦t Indra ✖ ♦♥❝❡
Aśvins ✭✶✳✶✶✷✳✷✸✮ ❛♥❞ ♦♥❝❡ ♠❡❞✐❝✐♥❛❧ ❤❡r❜s ✭✶✵✳✾✼✳✷✮✳

❘❡s♦✉r❝❡❢✉❧♥❡ss ✐s ✐♠♣❛rt❡❞ t♦ Indra ❜② deva✲s ✶✺ ❀ ✐t ✐s s❤❛r♣✲

✶✻
❡♥❡❞ ❜② ❡✛♦rts t♦ ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❡ ❀ ✐t ✐s ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥t ✐♥ Indra✶✼ ❛s ✐t ✐s ✐♥
✶✽
Soma ✳
Indra✬s r❡s♦✉r❝❡❢✉❧♥❡ss ❢❛❝✐❧✐t❛t❡s ❛❝t✐✈❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ♦t❤❡r ♣♦✇❡rs ❛♥❞
✶✾ ❀ ✐t ♠❛❦❡s Indra ✐♥✲❝♦♥tr♦❧✷✵ ✱ ♥♦t✲t♦✲❜❡✲✇❛r❞❡❞✲♦✛✷✶ ❛♥❞
❛❜✐❧✐t✐❡s
♦✈❡r❝♦♠✐♥❣ ❞✐✣❝✉❧t✐❡s
✷✷ t❡rr✐❢②✐♥❣✷✸ ✇❛rr✐♦r✷✹ ✳ Indra ❝❛♥ ♣r♦❝✉r❡
❢♦r ❤✐s ❛❞❡♣ts t❤✐s r❡s♦✉r❝❡❢✉❧♥❡ss
✷✺ ❀ ❤❡ ❢♦st❡rs ❛♥❞ ❞✐r❡❝ts ✐t✷✻ ✳

❚❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r ♦❢ ❞✐s❝❡r♥♠❡♥t ✭dáks.a✮

❚❤✐s ✐s t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❣♦ ❜❡②♦♥❞ ❛♣♣❡❛r❛♥❝❡s ❛♥❞ s❡❡ t❤❡ ❤✐❞❞❡♥

str✉❝t✉r❡ ♦r ❞②♥❛♠✐❝ ♦❢ t❤✐♥❣s✳ ■t ✐s ♣r❡s❡♥t ✐♥ Agni✶ ✱ Soma✷ ✱ ✐♥

✶✶ ✶✵✳✽✸✳✺✱ ✶✵✳✽✹✳✻
✶✷ ✶✵✳✾✼✳✷
✶✸ ✶✳✻✹✳✶✸✱ ✶✳✻✽✳✾✱ ✽✳✹✷✳✸
✶✹ t❤✐s ✐s ♣r♦❜❛❜❧② ❝❧♦s❡ t♦ ❛ ❝❤❛r❛❝t❡r✐st✐❝ ♦❢ ❖❞②ss❡✉s ✖ ♣♦❧✐♠❡t✐s
✶✺ ✶✳✽✵✳✶✺ ❝♦✉r❛❣❡ ❛♥❞ t❤❡ r❡s♦✉r❝❡❢✉❧♥❡ss✱ ✜ts ♦❢ ❢r❡♥③② deva✲s ❤❛✈❡ ♣✉t t♦✲
❣❡t❤❡r ✐♥t♦ ❤✐♠✳
✶✵✳✹✽✳✸ ✐♥ ♠❡ deva✲s ♣✉❧❧ ✉♣ t❤❡ r❡s♦✉r❝❡❢✉❧♥❡ss
✶✻ ✽✳✶✺✳✼ ❆♥ ❡✛♦rt t♦ ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❡ s❤❛r♣❡♥s t❤❛t t❤② ✈❛st ♣♦✇❡r ♦✈❡r ❛✛❡❝t✐♦♥s✱
t❤② ❢❡r✈♦r✱ ❛♥❞ r❡s♦✉r❝❡❢✉❧♥❡ss✱ t❤❡ t♦✲❜❡✲♣r❡❢❡rr❡❞ ❬❛s ❛ ✇❡❛♣♦♥❪ t❤✉♥❞❡r✲
❜♦❧t✳
✶✼ ✽✳✻✽✳✷ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥t r❡s♦✉r❝❡❢✉❧♥❡ss
✶✳✶✵✷✳✻ ❬t❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡❪ ✉♥❧✐♠✐t❡❞ r❡s♦✉r❝❡❢✉❧♥❡ss
✶✽ ✻✳✹✺✳✶✻ ❜❡✐♥❣ r❡s♦✉r❝❡❢✉❧ ❛s t❤❡ ❜✉❧❧ ❬Soma❪
✶✾ ✶✵✳✶✹✹✳✻ t❤r♦✉❣❤ ❬❤✐s❪ r❡s♦✉r❝❡❢✉❧♥❡ss t❤❡ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❛♥❞ ❜♦❞✐❧② ✈✐❣♦✉r✱ t❤❡
❧✐❢❡✲❢♦r❝❡ ✐s tr❛♥s❢❡rr❡❞
✷✵ ✹✳✷✶✳✷ ✇❤♦s❡ r❡s♦✉r❝❡❢✉❧♥❡ss ✖ ❧✐❦❡ ✜t✲t♦✲t❡❛❝❤ ❥♦✐♥t r✉❧❡r ✖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ♣r❡✲
✈❛✐❧❡❞✱ ❝❛rr②✐♥❣ ❛❝r♦ss ❬♦❜st❛❝❧❡s❪✱ r✉❧❡s ♦✈❡r t❤❡ tr✐❜❡s
✷✶ ✽✳✾✷✳✽ ✇❤♦✱ ❞✉❡ t♦ ❤✐s r❡s♦✉r❝❡❢✉❧♥❡ss✱ ✐s ♥♦t t♦ ❜❡ ✇❛r❞❡❞ ♦✛
✷✷ ✼✳✷✶✳✻ ▼♦r❡♦✈❡r✱ ✐♥ ❛ r❛✐❞ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ♦✈❡r❬❝♦♠✐♥❣❪ t❤r♦✉❣❤ r❡s♦✉r❝❡❢✉❧♥❡ss✦
✷✸ ✼✳✷✽✳✷ ❜❡✐♥❣ t❡rr✐❢②✐♥❣ ❜❡❝❛✉s❡ ♦❢ ❬t❤②❪ r❡s♦✉r❝❡❢✉❧♥❡ss
✷✹ ✽✳✽✽✳✹ ❚❤r♦✉❣❤ r❡s♦✉r❝❡❢✉❧♥❡ss✱ ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ✇♦♥❞r♦✉s ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱ ♠❛✲
❥❡st✐❝❛❧❧②✱ t❤♦✉ ❛r❡ ❛ ✇❛rr✐♦r ❢♦r ❛❧❧ ❝r❡❛t✉r❡s✳
✷✺ ✹✳✷✵✳✸ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ ✇✐❧❧ ♣r♦❝✉r❡ ❢♦r ✉s r❡s♦✉r❝❡❢✉❧♥❡ss
✺✳✸✶✳✶✶ ❆❝❝❡♣t✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❛❞✈❛♥❝❡ ❬♦✉r s❛❝r✐✜❝❡❪ ❤❡ ✇✐❧❧ ♣r♦❝✉r❡ ❢♦r ✉s r❡s♦✉r❝❡✲
❢✉❧♥❡ss✳
✼✳✸✷✳✷✻ ❜r✐♥❣ t♦ ✉s ❬t❤②❪ r❡s♦✉r❝❡❢✉❧♥❡ss
✷✻ ✸✳✹✺✳✸ ❚❤♦✉ ❢♦st❡r r❡s♦✉r❝❡❢✉❧♥❡ss ❛s ✐❢ ✐t ✇❡r❡ ❝♦✇s ✳✳✳ ❬❞✐r❡❝t✐♥❣ ✐t❪ ❢♦r✇❛r❞
❧✐❦❡ ❛ ❣♦♦❞ s❤❡♣❤❡r❞ ♠✐❧❝❤✲❝♦✇s t♦ ❛ ♣❛st✉r❡
✶ ✶✳✾✺✳✻✱ ✷✳✾✳✶✱ ✸✳✶✳✸✱ ❡t❝✳
✷ ✶✳✾✶✳✷✱ ✽✳✼✾✳✹✱ ✾✳✹✳✸✱ ❡t❝✳
✻✷ P♦✇❡rs ♦❢ Indra

Mitra ❛♥❞ Varuna ✱ ✐♥ Marut✲s ✱ Savitr. ✱ Aśvin✲s ✱ ✐♥ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥

✸ ✹ ✺ ✻
❛♥❞ ✐♥ t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤. ✱ ✐♥ R.bhu✲s ✱ ❛♥❞ ✐♥ ❤✉♠❛♥s
✼ ✽ ✳ ✾
Indra ✐s ✇❡❧❧✲❞✐s❝❡r♥✐♥❣ ✱ ❤❡ ❛r♦✉s❡s t❤✐s ♣♦✇❡r ❜② ❞r✐♥❦✐♥❣
✶✵
Soma ✳ Indra ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡rs ❛s❦ ❤✐♠ t♦ ✐♠♣❛rt t♦ t❤❡♠ t❤✐s ♣♦✇❡r✱
✶✶
✇❤✐❝❤ ❝❛♥ ❜❡ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t✐♥❣ ❜✉t ❛❧s♦ t❡rr✐❢②✐♥❣✱ ✱ ❝♦♥s✐❞❡r✐♥❣ ✐t ❛s
✶✷
❛ ❣♦♦❞ ❢♦rt✉♥❡ ✖ ❛♥❞ Indra ❣✐✈❡s ✐t ❧❛✈✐s❤❧② ✱ ❞✐str✐❜✉t✐♥❣ ✐t
✶✸ ✶✹
❛❧❧ ♦✈❡r ❝♦♥s❝✐♦✉s ❛r❡❛s ♦❢ t❤❡ ♠✐♥❞ ✳ ◆♦t ♦♥❧② t❤✐s ♣♦✇❡r ❤❡❧♣s
✶✺
❛❞❡♣ts ♥♦t t♦ ❜❡ ❞❡❝❡✐✈❡❞ ❜② tr✐❝❦st❡rs ✱ ❜✉t s❡❡♠s t♦ ❜❡ r❡q✉✐r❡❞
✶✻
❢♦r ❜❡❝♦♠✐♥❣ ♣♦ss❡ss❡❞ ❜② Indra ✐♥ ❛ ❞❡s✐r❡❞ ❢❛s❤✐♦♥ ✱ ❢♦r t❤❡ ✶✼
❢❡r✈♦r Indra ✐♥❞✉❝❡s s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡ ❞✐s❝❡r♥✐♥❣ ✳ ✶✽

✸ ✶✳✷✳✼✱ ✶✳✶✺✳✻✱ ✶✳✷✸✳✹✱ ❡t❝✳

✹ ✺✳✷✾✳✶✱ ✽✳✾✹✳✼✱ ✽✳✾✹✳✶✵
✺ ✻✳✼✶✳✶
✻ ✸✳✺✽✳✼✱ ✽✳✷✻✳✶
✼ ✹✳✺✻✳✻
✽ ✹✳✸✼✳✷
✾ ✶✳✺✾✳✹✱ ✶✳✾✶✳✶✹✱ ✸✳✹✳✾✱ ✼✳✸✷✳✾✱ ❡t❝✳
✶✵ ✶✳✶✵✶✳✾
✶✶ ✶✳✺✻✳✶ ❚♦ ❛r♦✉s❡ t❤❡ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ♣♦✇❡r✱ ❤❡ ♠❛❦❡s ❤✐♠s❡❧❢ ❞r✐♥❦ t❤❡ ❡♥❝❤❛♥t✐♥❣
❬❞r✐♥❦❪
✶✳✺✻✳✷ ◆♦✇✱ ❬❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❜❡❝♦♠❡❪ ♣r❡✈❛✐❧✐♥❣ ❬♦✈❡r ♦❜st❛❝❧❡s❪✱ ❛s❝❡♥❞ t❤❡ ♦✈❡rs❡❡r
♦❢ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r ♦❢ ❞✐s❝❡r♥♠❡♥t
✶✷ ✻✳✹✹✳✾ P✉t ✐♥t♦ ✉s t❤❡ ♠♦st ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t✐♥❣ ♣♦✇❡r ♦❢ ❞✐s❝❡r♥♠❡♥t
✺✳✸✽✳✹ ❜r✐♥❣ t♦ ✉s ✳✳✳ t❤② ✳✳✳ ♣♦✇❡r ♦❢ ❞✐s❝❡r♥♠❡♥t
✻✳✷✸✳✷ t❡rr✐❢②✐♥❣ ♣♦✇❡r ♦❢ ❞✐s❝❡r♥♠❡♥t
✶✸ ✷✳✷✶✳✻ ❖ Indra✱ ✜① ❢♦r ✉s ♠♦st ❡①❝❡❧❧❡♥t ❣♦♦❞s ✖ ❞❡✈♦t✐♦♥✱ ❣♦♦❞ ❢♦rt✉♥❡
♦❢ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r ♦❢ ❞✐s❝❡r♥♠❡♥t✱✳✳
✶✹ ✽✳✷✹✳✶✹ ■ ❡♥tr❡❛t❡❞ ❣✐✈✐♥❣ ❧❛✈✐s❤❧② t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r ♦❢ ❞✐s❝❡r♥♠❡♥t ♦✈❡rs❡❡r ♦❢
t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s✳
✶✺ ✽✳✾✸✳✷✻ ❍❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❞✐str✐❜✉t❡ t❤② ♠❡♥t❛❧ ♣♦✇❡r ❛❝r♦ss ❧✉♠✐♥♦✉s s♣❤❡r❡s✱ ❤❡
s❤❛❧❧ ❛♣♣♦rt✐♦♥ r✐❝❤❡s t♦ ❛ ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡r✳
✶✻ ✼✳✸✷✳✶✷ ❲❤♦ ❬✐s❪ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞✲❜②✲t❛✇♥②✲♦♥❡s Indra✱ ❤✐♠ tr✐❝❦st❡rs ❞♦ ♥♦t
❞❡❝❡✐✈❡ ✖ ❤❡ ♣✉t ✐♥ ❤✐♠✱ ✇❤♦ ♦✛❡rs ❙♦♠❛✱ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r ♦❢ ❞✐s❝❡r♥♠❡♥t✳
✶✼ ✽✳✻✷✳✻ ❇❡✐♥❣ s❛t✐s✜❡❞ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r ♦❢ ❞✐s❝❡r♥♠❡♥t ♦❢ ❤✐♠✱ ✇❤♦ ❡♠♣❧♦②s
Soma✱ ❤❡ ♠❛❦❡s t❤❡ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥ ❤❛r♥❡ss❡❞✳
✶✳✺✶✳✷ ❉✐s❝❡r♥✐♥❣ ❬❛♥❞❪ s❦✐❧❧❢✉❧ ♦♥❡s ❬♠❛❞❡ t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s r❡❛❞②❪ ❢♦r r❡❡❧✐♥❣
✇✐t❤ ❡①❝✐t❡♠❡♥t Indra✳
✼✳✷✻✳✷ ✇❤❡♥ t❤❡②✱ ✇❤♦ ❞✐s❝❡r♥ samāna✱ ❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥ ❤✐♠ ❡❛❣❡r❧②
✶✽ ✻✳✶✾✳✽ ❇r✐♥❣ ❤❡r❡ ❢♦r ✉s ❬t❤❛t❪ ✐♠♣r❡❣♥❛t✐♥❣ ❢❡r✈♦r✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❬✇❤✐❝❤ ✐s❪
❝❛rr②✐♥❣ ❛✇❛② ♣r✐③❡s✱ ❬✇❤✐❝❤ ✐s❪ s✇❡❧❧❡❞✱ ❬✇❤✐❝❤ ✐s❪ ✇❡❧❧✲❞✐s❝❡r♥✐♥❣✱ ✇✐t❤
✇❤✐❝❤ ✇❡ ✇♦✉❧❞ ♣❧❛❝❡ r✐✈❛❧s ✇✐t❤✐♥ ❬♦✉r❪ r❡❛❝❤ ✐♥ ❜❛tt❧❡s✳✳✳
Indra✬s ❢r❡♥③② ♦r ✈✐❣♦✉r ✭ ójas✮
❋r❡♥③②✱ ♦r✱ ✇❤❡♥ ♦❢ ❧❡ss❡r ❡♥❡r❣②✱ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱ ✐s ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❡❞ ♣r❡❞♦♠✐✲
♥❛♥t❧② ❜② Indra✱ Marut✲s ✭✶✳✶✾✳✹✱ ✶✳✽✺✳✹✱ ✷✳✸✹✳✶✱ ✺✳✺✼✳✻✱ ❡t❝✳✮✱ Soma
✭✸✳✺✶✳✶✵✱ ✾✳✷✳✼✱ ✾✳✺✳✸✱ ❡t❝✳✮✱ ❛♥❞ ❜② Agni ✭✶✳✶✷✼✳✸✱ ✹✳✼✳✶✵✱ ✽✳✼✺✳✶✵✱
✽✳✾✸✳✷✸✱✶✵✳✻✺✳✷✮✱ ❛♥❞✱ ♦♥❧② ♦❝❝❛s✐♦♥❛❧❧②✱ ❜② s♦♠❡ ♦t❤❡r deva✲s
✖ Vis.n.u ✭✽✳✶✷✳✷✼✱ ✶✵✳✶✶✸✳✷✮✱ Varun.a ✭✼✳✽✷✳✸✱ ✼✳✽✷✳✾✮✱ Br.haspati
✭✷✳✷✹✳✷✮✱ Āditya✲s ✭✶✳✶✽✽✳✹✮✱ t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤ ✭✺✳✽✹✳✸✮✱ ❡t❝✳✱ ❛♥❞✱ ♣r♦❜❛❜❧②✱
❜② ❤✐s ❡♥❡♠✐❡s Vr
✶
. tra ❛♥❞ Śus.n.a ❀ t❤❡ ❜❛tt❧❡ ❢✉r② ❛❧s♦ ♠❛♥✐❢❡sts t❤❡
❢r❡♥③② ✭✶✵✳✽✹✳✷✮✳
Indra ✐s ❝❛♣❛❜❧❡ ♦❢ ❛ ❢r❡♥③② t❤❛t ✐s t❤❡ ♠♦st ✜❡r❝❡ ❛♥❞ ✈✐♦❧❡♥t✷ ✱
✸
❛♥❞ ♦❢ ❛ ❣r❛❝✐♦✉s ♦♥❡ ❀ ❤✐s ✈✐❣♦✉r ✐s ♦✉tst❛♥❞✐♥❣ ✱ ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣
✹ ✺
✖ t❤r♦✉❣❤ ✐t Indra ✻
♣r❡❞♦♠✐♥❛t❡s ❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❡❞ ❛♥❞ ❝❛♥✲
♥♦t ❜❡ ❝♦♥t❛✐♥❡❞ ♥❡✐t❤❡r ❜② ❍❡❛✈❡♥s✱ ♥♦r ❜② ❊❛rt❤s✱ ♥♦r ❜② ✐♥t❡r✲
♠❡❞✐❛t❡ s♣❛❝❡s
✼ ✖ ❛♥❞ ❡♥❞✉r✐♥❣✽ ✳ ■t ❛r✐s❡s s♣♦♥t❛♥❡♦✉s❧②✾ ✳
Indra ✐s ❜♦r♥ ♦❢ ❛ ❢r❡♥③②✶✵ ❛♥❞ ✇✐t❤ ❛♥ ✉♥♣❛r❛❧❧❡❧❡❞ ✈✐❣♦✉r✶✶ ❀
❤❡ ❜❡❝♦♠❡s str♦♥❣❡r s✐♠✉❧t❛♥❡♦✉s❧② ✇✐t❤ ❢r❡♥③② ✳
✶✷
✶✸
❚❤✐s ❢r❡♥③②✱ ♦r ✈✐❣♦✉r✱ ❝♦♠❡s ❢r♦♠ Soma ✱ Marut✲s
✶✹ ✱ ❛♥❞ ❢r♦♠
t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤
✶✺ ✳ ❚❤❡r❡ ✐s ❛ ✏♠♦✉❧❞✑ ❢♦r ♦❜t❛✐♥✐♥❣
Indra✬s ❢r❡♥③② ✖ ♣❡r❢♦r♠✐♥❣ t❤r❡❡ t♦✐❧s✱ ❣❛✐♥✐♥❣ t❤r❡❡ ❣r♦✉♥❞s✱ ❛♥❞
✶ ✽✳✾✻✳✶✼✳ ■♥❞❡❡❞ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲✇✐❡❧❞❡r✱ ♣r♦✈♦❦❡❞ t♦ ❞❛r❡✱ ❤❛✈❡ ❞❡✲
str♦②❡❞ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t ❬t❤❛t❪ ✉♥♦♣♣♦s❡❞ ❢r❡♥③② ❬♦❢ Vr.tra❪✱ ✉s✐♥❣
❞❡❛❞❧② ✇❡❛♣♦♥s t❤♦✉ ❞❡❣r❛❞❡❞ ❬t❤❛t❪ ♦❢ Śus.n
. a✳
✷ ✻✳✶✾✳✻ ❇r✐♥❣ ❤❡r❡ ❢♦r ✉s✱ ❖ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱ ✳✳✳ t❤❡ ♠♦st ✜❡r❝❡ ✈✐♦❧❡♥t
❢r❡♥③②✱ ❖ ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ ♦♥❡✦
✸ ✻✳✷✻✳✼ t❤❛t t❤② s✉♣❡r✐♦r ❣r❛❝✐♦✉s ❢r❡♥③②
✹ ✶✳✶✻✺✳✶✵ ▼❛② ♦♥❧② ♠✐♥❡ ✈✐❣♦✉r st❛♥❞ ♦✉t✱ ✇❤❛t❡✈❡r ❬❞❡❡❞s❪ ■✱ ❞❛r✐♥❣✱ s❤❛❧❧
st✐❧❧ ♣❡r❢♦r♠ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ r✐❣❤t ❝♦♥❝❡♣t✐♦♥✦
✺ ✸✳✸✹✳✻✱ ✸✳✹✽✳✹✱ ✹✳✹✷✳✺
✻ ✶✵✳✶✺✸✳✺ ❚❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❛ ❢r❡♥③② ❛r❡ ♣r❡❞♦♠✐♥❛t✐♥❣ ❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣
♠❛♥✐❢❡st❡❞✳
✼ ✽✳✻✳✶✺ ◆❡✐t❤❡r ❍❡❛✈❡♥s✱ ♥♦r ❊❛rt❤s✱ ♥♦r ✐♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ s♣❛❝❡s s❤❛❧❧ ❝♦♥t❛✐♥
t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲✇✐❡❧❞❡r Indra t❤r♦✉❣❤♦✉t ❬❤✐s❪ ❢r❡♥③②✳
✽ ✸✳✸✷✳✾ ◆♦t ❤❡❛✈❡♥s ❬❛r❡❪ str♦♥❣ ❬❜✉t❪ t❤② ✈✐❣♦✉r ❬✐s❪✱ ♥❡✐t❤❡r ❞❛②s✱ ♥♦r
♠♦♥t❤s ❬♦r❪ ②❡❛rs s❤❛❧❧ s✉♣♣r❡ss ❬✐t❪✳
✾ ✶✳✺✷✳✶✷ ■♥ ♦r❞❡r t♦ ❤❡❧♣✱ t❤♦✉✱ ✇❤♦s❡ ❢r❡♥③② ❛r✐s❡s s♣♦♥t❛♥❡♦✉s❧②
✶✵ ✶✵✳✼✸✳✶✵ ❲❤❡♥ t❤❡② s❛② ✏❍❡ ❤❛s ❝♦♠❡ ❢r♦♠ ❛ ❤♦rs❡✑✱ ■ t❤✐♥❦ ♦❢ ❤✐♠ ❛s ❜♦r♥
♦❢ ❛ ❢r❡♥③②✳
✶✵✳✶✺✸✳✷✳ ❚❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❬❛r❡❪ ❜♦r♥ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ♣r❡s❡♥❝❡ ♦❢ ❢♦r❝❡✱ ♦❢ ♦✈❡r✲
✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ str❡♥❣t❤✱ ♦❢ ❛ ❢r❡♥③②✳
✶✶ ✻✳✷✾✳✻ ❙✐♥❝❡ ♦♥❧② ❬❤❡ ✇❛s❪ ❜♦r♥ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ✉♥♣❛r❛❧❧❡❧❡❞ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱ ❤❡ ❛ss❛✐❧s ♠❛♥②
♦❜st❛❝❧❡s ❛♥❞ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡s t♦ s✉✛❡r ✇❛♥t✳
✶✷ ✷✳✷✷✳✸ ❤❡ ❤❛s ❜❡❝♦♠❡ str♦♥❣❡r s✐♠✉❧t❛♥❡♦✉s❧② ✇✐t❤ ❢r❡♥③②
✶✸ ✾✳✾✼✳✹✶ ❤❡ ✇❤♦ ✐s ❜❡❝♦♠✐♥❣ ♣✉r❡ ❞✐❞ ♣✉t ✐♥t♦ Indra t❤❡ ✈✐❣♦✉r
✶✹ ✸✳✹✼✳✸ Marut✲s✱ ✇❤♦ ❬st♦♦❞❪ ❜② t❤❡❡ ✖ t❤♦✉ ❞✐❞ str✐❦❡ Vrtra✱ ❬❛♥❞❪ t❤❡②
.
❣❛✈❡ t❤❡❡ ❛ ❢r❡♥③②
✶✺ ✻✳✹✼✳✷✼ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥✱ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤ t❤❡ ✈✐❣♦✉r ❬✐s❪ r❛✐s❡❞ ✉♣❀
✻✹ Indra✬s ❢r❡♥③② ✭ ojas✮

❛❝t✐♥❣ ✐♥ t❤❡ ❧✐❣❤t ♦❢ t❤r❡❡ ❧✉♠✐♥♦✉s s♣❤❡r❡s

✶✻ ✳ ❚❤❡ t❤r❡❡ t♦✐❧s ❛r❡
♣r♦❜❛❜❧② ✏❡st❛❜❧✐s❤✐♥❣ t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡✑✱ ♦❜t❛✐♥✐♥❣ ❛ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱ ❛♥❞
s❧❛②✐♥❣ Vr.tra❀ t❤❡ t❤r❡❡ ❬♠❛t❡r✐❛❧❪ ❣r♦✉♥❞s ❛r❡ ♣r♦❜❛❜❧② t❤❡ ♠✉s❝❧❡s
✇❤✐❝❤ s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡ ♣r✐♠❡❞ ❢♦r ❛❝t✐♦♥✱ t❤❡ ❜❧♦♦❞ t❤❛t s❤♦✉❧❞ ❜❡ r✉s❤✐♥❣
t❤r♦✉❣❤♦✉t t❤❡ ❜♦❞②✱ ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ✐♥♥❡r ✇❛t❡rs t❤❛t s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡ r❡❧❡❛s❡❞❀
t❤❡ t❤r❡❡ ❧✉♠✐♥♦✉s s♣❤❡r❡s✱ ♦r ♠❡♥t❛❧ s♣❛❝❡s✱ ❛r❡ ♣r♦❜❛❜❧② t❤♦s❡
❛❝t✐✈❛t✐♥❣ r❡s♦✉r❝❡❢✉❧♥❡ss ❛♥❞ ❞✐s❝❡r♥♠❡♥t✱ ✢❛r✐♥❣ ✉♣ ❛s♣✐r❛t✐♦♥s✱
❛♥❞ ❝❡♥t❡r✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♠✐♥❞ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❛tt✐t✉❞❡ ♦❢ ❡q✉❛♥✐♠✐t②✳

❚❤❡ ❢r❡♥③② ❤❡❧♣s✱ ✜rst ♦❢ ❛❧❧✱ Indra ❤✐♠s❡❧❢

✶✼ ✳ ❯s✐♥❣ ✐t✱ Indra
✶✽ ✶✾
♣r♦♣s ✉♣ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ✱ st❡❛❧s s✉♥✬s ✇❤❡❡❧ ✱ ❞❡str♦②s str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞s
✷✵ ✱
❤❡✇s ✐♥t♦ ♣✐❡❝❡s Vrtra
✷✶ ✷✷
❛♥❞ t❤❡ s♥❛❦❡ ✱ ♠❛❦❡s Śusna r❡tr❡❛t ✱
✷✸
. ..
❛♥❞ ♦✈❡r❝♦♠❡s ❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣ ♣r♦❢❛♥❡
✷✹ ✳ Indra ❛❧s♦ ❛♣♣♦rt✐♦♥s t❤❡
✈✐❣♦✉r t♦ ❤✐s ♦✇♥ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ✐♥❝r❡❛s❡ ✐♥ s✐③❡
✷✺ ✳

❚❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤ ❛❞❛♣t t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s t♦ ♦❢ Indra✬s

❢r❡♥③②
✷✻ t❤✉s ♠❛❦✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❢r❡♥③② ❡✈❡♥ str♦♥❣❡r✷✼ ❀ deva✲s ❤❛✈❡ r❡✲
✷✽
❝♦✉rs❡ t♦ ✐t ✳

Indra✬s ❢r❡♥③② ✐s ❞❡s✐r❡❞ ❜② ❤✐s ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡rs ✷✾ t♦ ❜❡ ✐♥ t❤❡♠✸✵ ❀ ❢♦r

✶✻ ✶✳✶✵✷✳✽ ❆ ♠♦✉❧❞ ♦❢ ❬t❤②❪ ❢r❡♥③② ❬❤❛s❪ ❛s ❝♦♥st✐t✉❡♥t ♣❛rts t❤r❡❡ t♦✐❧s✱ t❤r❡❡
❬♠❛t❡r✐❛❧❪ ❣r♦✉♥❞s✱ t❤r❡❡ ❧✉♠✐♥♦✉s s♣❤❡r❡s✱ ❖ ♦✈❡rs❡❡r ♦❢ ♠❡♥✦
✶✼ ✽✳✸✻✳✸✳ ❲✐t❤ ❬t❤②❪ str❡♥❣t❤ t❤♦✉ ❤❡❧♣ deva✲s✱ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ❢r❡♥③② ✖ t❤②s❡❧❢✳
✶✽ ✶✵✳✶✺✸✳✸ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❬t❤②❪ ❢r❡♥③② t❤♦✉ ♣r♦♣♣❡❞ ✉♣ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥
✶✾ ✶✳✶✼✺✳✹ ❇❡✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❝❤❛r❣❡ t❤r♦✉❣❤ ❢r❡♥③②✱ st❡❛❧ s✉♥✬s ✇❤❡❡❧
✷✵ ✹✳✶✾✳✹ ✉s✐♥❣ ♣♦✇❡rs t♦ ❝♦♥tr♦❧✱ Indra✱ ❝♦♠♠❛♥❞✐♥❣ ❛ ❢r❡♥③②✱ ❞❡str♦②❡❞
str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞s
✷✶ ✶✵✳✶✶✸✳✻ ✇❤❡♥ ❤❡✱ ❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s✱ ✈✐❣♦r♦✉s❧② ❤❡✇ ✐♥t♦ ♣✐❡❝❡s ❦❡❡♣✐♥❣ ✇❛t❡rs✱
❝♦♥❝❡❛❧❡❞ ❜② ✐❣♥♦r❛♥❝❡ Vr.tra
✷✷ ✶✳✶✸✵✳✹ ❈❧♦t❤❡❞ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱ ✇✐t❤ ♣♦✇❡rs t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱ ♠❛❥❡st✐❝❛❧❧②✱ ❖
Indra✱ ❧✐❦❡ ❛ ❝❤❛r✐♦t✲❜✉✐❧❞❡r ❛ tr❡❡ ❢r♦♠ ❛ ❢♦r❡st✱ t❤♦✉ ❝✉t ❬t❤❡ s♥❛❦❡❪ ❞♦✇♥✱
❛s ✐❢ ✇✐t❤ ❛♥ ❛① t❤♦✉ ❝✉t ❬t❤❡ s♥❛❦❡❪ ❞♦✇♥✳
✷✸ ✺✳✸✷✳✾ ❚❤r♦✉❣❤ ❛♣♣r❡❤❡♥s✐♦♥ ♦❢ Indra✬s ✈✐❣♦✉r ❛♥❞ ❤✐s ❡①♣❛♥s✐♦♥ ❤❡
❬✱Śus.n.a✱❪ ♥♦✇ ❛❜❛♥❞♦♥s t❤❡ t✇♦ ❞✐✈✐♥❡ ♦♥❡s ❛s ✇❡❧❧✳
✷✹ ✷✳✷✷✳✹ ❇② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ t❤❡ ❢r❡♥③② ❤❡ s❤❛❧❧ ♦✈❡r❝♦♠❡ ❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣ ♣r♦❢❛♥❡
✷✺ ✷✳✶✼✳✷ ▲❡t ❤❡ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❬♠❛♥✐❢❡st❪ ✇❤♦ ✐♥❞❡❡❞ ❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ♠♦st ❡①✲
❝❡❧❧❡♥t ♥♦✉r✐s❤✐♥❣ ❝r♦ss❡❞ ♦✈❡r ❤❡r❡✱ ❛♣♣♦rt✐♦♥✐♥❣ ✈✐❣♦✉r t♦ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r ❬❢♦r
❤✐♠❪ t♦ ✐♥❝r❡❛s❡ ✐♥ s✐③❡❀
✷✻ ✶✳✺✼✳✺ ❚❤❡ ✈❛st ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ❤❛s ♠❡t❡❞ ✐ts❡❧❢ ♦✉t t♦ ♠❛t❝❤ t❤② ✈❛❧♦r✱ ❛♥❞ t❤✐s
❊❛rt❤ ❤❛s s✉❜♠✐tt❡❞ ✐ts❡❧❢ t♦ t❤② ❢r❡♥③②✳
✷✼ ✽✳✻✳✺ ❚❤❛t ❤✐s ❢r❡♥③② ❤❛s r❡❛❝❤❡❞ ❢❡✈❡r ♣✐t❝❤ ✇❤❡♥ Indra ♠❛❞❡ ❜♦t❤ Rodas✲
❡s r♦❧❧ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ❧✐❦❡ ❛ ❤✐❞❡✳
✷✽ ✻✳✶✽✳✶✺ ❋♦❧❧♦✇✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤✱ ✐♠♠♦rt❛❧ deva✲s ❜❡t❛❦❡ t❤❡♠✲
s❡❧✈❡s t♦ t❤✐s t❤② ❢r❡♥③②
✷✾ ✺✳✸✸✳✻ ✐♥ t❤❡❡ ✳✳✳ ✐s t♦✲❜❡✲❛s❦❡❞✲❢♦r ❢r❡♥③② ❛♥❞ ♠❛♥❧② ♣♦✇❡rs
✸✵ ✻✳✹✼✳✸✵ ▼❛❦❡ ❬♦✉r❪ str❡♥❣t❤ ❛❜s♦r❜ ❬t❤②❪ r♦❛r✱ ✐♥st✐❧❧ ✐♥t♦ ✉s ❢r❡♥③②✦
✺✳✸✶✳✶✸ P❧❛❝❡ t❤♦s❡ ✇❤♦ s❡❡❦ t♦ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡ ✇✐t❤✐♥ ❬t❤②❪ r❡❛❝❤✱ ❛♥❞ ♣✉t t❤❡
✈✐❣♦✉r ✐♥t♦ t❤❡♠ ✖ ✐♥t♦ ❢♦❧❦s ✇❤♦ ♠✐❣❤t ❜❡❝♦♠❡ t❤②✳
✹✳✹✶✳✹ ❲❤♦ ♦❢ ✉s ❬✐s❪ ✐❧❧✲❞✐s♣♦s❡❞✱ ✇♦❧❢✲❧✐❦❡✱ ✐♥t❡♥❞✐♥❣ t♦ ❞❡❝❡✐✈❡✱ ♠❛② ②♦✉
t✇♦ ❢❛s❤✐♦♥ ✐♥ ❤✐♠ t❤❡ ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ ✈✐❣♦✉r✦
✜❣❤t❡rs Indra ✐s✱ ❜❡❝❛✉s❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❢r❡♥③②✱ ❛ ♠♦❞❡❧
✸✶ ✱ ❤❡ ♠❛❦❡s t❤❡♠
✸✷ ✸✸
str♦♥❣❡r ✇✐t❤ ✐t ✱ ❛♥❞ t❤❡② ♠❛❦❡ ✜r❡ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣s t♦ ✐t ✳ P♦ss❡ss✐♥❣
Indra✬s ❢r❡♥③② ✖ ❛s ♦♣♣♦s❡❞ t♦ ❛♥ ❛♥✐♠❛❧✲❧✐❦❡ ❢r❡♥③② ✖ t❤❛t ✐s
✇❤❛t s❡♣❛r❛t❡s ❛♥ ❛❞❡♣t ♦❢ Indra ❢r♦♠ s❛✈❛❣❡s
✸✹ ✳

Indra ❛♥❞ deva✲s

❚❤❡ t❡r♠ deva ✐s ✉s✉❛❧❧② tr❛♥s❧❛t❡❞ ❛♥❞ ✐♥t❡r♣r❡t❡❞ ❛s ✏❣♦❞✑ ✇❤✐❝❤
❧❡❛❞s t♦ ❡rr♦rs ❛♥❞ ❝♦♥❢✉s✐♦♥✳ ❚❤❡ ✇♦r❞ ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ✐❞❡❛ ♦❢ ✏❣♦❞✑
✐♥ ♠②t❤♦❧♦❣✐❝❛❧ t❡①ts ✭purān
. a✲s✮ ❛♥❞ ✐♥ ●r❡❡❦ ❛♥❞ ▼❡s♦♣♦t❛♠✐❛♥
❝✉❧t✉r❡s s✐❣♥✐✜❡s s♦♠❡t❤✐♥❣ ♦t❤❡r t❤❛♥ ❱❡❞✐❝ deva✳
Deva✲s ♦❢ ❘✐❣✈❡❞❛ ❧❛❝❦ ❛♥② ❤✐❡r❛r❝❤②✱ ❝♦♠♣❧❡t❡❧② s❡♣❛r❛t❡ ❞♦✲
♠❛✐♥s✱ t❤❡② ❧❛❝❦ t❤❡ ✐♠♠✉t❛❜✐❧✐t②✱ t❤❡ st❛t✐❝ ❝❤❛r❛❝t❡r ♦❢ ❛♥ ✏❛❜s♦✲
❧✉t❡ ❜❡✐♥❣✑✳ ❚❤❡② ❛r❡ ✏❜♦r♥✑ ❛❧❧ t❤❡ t✐♠❡ ✖ ❛♥❞ ❢r♦♠ ❡❛❝❤ ♦t❤❡r ✳
✶
❚❤❡② ❝♦✉❧❞ ❜♦rr♦✇ ❢r♦♠ ❡❛❝❤ ♦t❤❡r ❝❤❛r❛❝t❡r✐st✐❝s ❛♥❞ ♣♦✇❡rs t♦
❛ ❞❡❣r❡❡ t❤❛t ♦♥❡ deva ❜❡❝♦♠❡s ❛♥♦t❤❡r✳ ❆ ❣♦♦❞ ❡①❛♠♣❧❡ ♦❢ t❤✐s
❛r❡ st❛♥③❛s ✺✳✸✳✶✲✷❛❜✿

✶✳ ❖ Agni✱ t❤♦✉ ❬❛r❡❪ Varun.a

✇❤❡♥ t❤♦✉ ❝♦♠❡ ✐♥t♦ ❡①✐st❡♥❝❡✱
t❤♦✉ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ Mitra ✇❤❡♥ ❦✐♥❞❧❡❞✳
■♥ t❤❡❡ ❛r❡ ❛❧❧ deva✲s✱ ❖ s♦♥ ♦❢ ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ str❡♥❣t❤✱
t❤♦✉ ❬❛r❡❪ Indra ❢♦r ❛ ♠♦rt❛❧ ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡r✳

✷✳ ❚❤♦✉ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ Aryaman ✇❤❡♥✱

♣♦ss❡ss✐♥❣ ✐♥❤❡r❡♥t ♣♦✇❡r✱
t❤♦✉ ❜r✐♥❣ ✉♣ t❤❡ ❤✐❞❞❡♥ ♥❛t✉r❡ ♦❢ ♠❛✐❞❡♥s✳

❛♥♦t❤❡r ♦♥❡ ✐s✿

✷✳✶✳✸❜ t❤♦✉ ❬✱ ❆❣♥✐✱❪ ❛r❡ ✈❡♥❡r❛❜❧❡ ✇✐❞❡✲r❛♥❣✐♥❣ Vis.n.u✳

❚❤❡ ❝♦♥❝❡♣t ♦❢ deva ✐♥ ❘✐❣✈❡❞❛ ❤❛s ❛t ❧❡❛st t✇♦ ❛s♣❡❝ts✿ ❡①t❡r✲

♥❛❧ ❛♥❞ ✐♥t❡r♥❛❧✳ ❆ deva ♠✐❣❤t ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❡❞✱ ♦r ♣r♦❥❡❝t❡❞
✸✶ ✶✳✶✵✷✳✻ ❆♥ Indra✱ ❬t❤♦✉❣❤❪ ❧❛❝❦✐♥❣ ♦r❞❡r ❬✐♥ ❤✐s ❛❝t✐♦♥s❪ ❜❡❝❛✉s❡ ♦❢ ❬❤✐s❪
❢r❡♥③② ✐s ❛ ♠♦❞❡❧ ❬❢♦r ♦t❤❡r ✜❣❤t❡rs❪
✸✷ ✷✳✶✼✳✺ ❍❡ s❤❛❧❧ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥ ❦♥♦tt② ♦♥❡s t❤❛t ❛r❡ t✉r♥❡❞ t♦✇❛r❞s ❬❞❛♥❣❡r❪ ❜②
♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❛ ❢r❡♥③②
✸✸ ✻✳✸✻✳✷ ❇❡❢♦r❡ ❛♥❞ ❛❢t❡r ❢♦❧❦s ❤❛✈❡ ♠❛❞❡ ✜r❡ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣s t♦ ❤✐s ❢r❡♥③②✳
✸✹ ✶✳✶✵✸✳✸ ❍❡ ❬✇❤♦❪ ♣✉ts tr✉st ✐♥ t❤❡ ❢r❡♥③②✱ ❬✐s❪ ❡✈❡r✲❢♦st❡r✐♥❣ ❬✐t❪✱ ❬❤❡ ✇❤♦ ✐s❪
❜r❡❛❦✐♥❣ ✐♥t♦ ♣✐❡❝❡s str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞s✱ ❤❡ ♣❛rt❡❞ ✇❛②s ✇✐t❤ s❛✈❛❣❡ ❬tr✐❜❡s❪✳
✶ ❢♦r ❡①❛♠♣❧❡ ✶✵✳✼✷✳✹❝❞✿ ✏❉❛❦s❛ ✇❛s ❜♦r♥ ♦❢ ❆❞✐t✐✱ ❛♥❞ ❆❞✐t✐✱ ✐♥ t✉r♥✱ ❢r♦♠
❉❛❦s❛✳✑✱ Soma ✐s ❛ ❢❛t❤❡r ♦❢ deva✲s ✐♥ ✾✳✶✵✾✳✹❜✱ ❡t❝✳
♦✉t✇❛r❞s✱ ❛s ♥❛t✉r❛❧ ♣❤❡♥♦♠❡♥❛ ✖ ❛s ✜r❡✱ t❤❡ s✉♥❧✐❣❤t✱ ✇✐♥❞s✱
t❤✉♥❞❡rst♦r♠s✱ ❡t❝✳✱ ❛♥❞ ✐t ♠✐❣❤t ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❡❞ ✐♥t❡r♥❛❧❧②
❜② ❛✛❡❝t✐♥❣ ❞✐r❡❝t✐♦♥✱ ✐♥t❡♥s✐t② ❛♥❞ ❡✛❡❝t✐✈❡♥❡ss ♦❢ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❛❝t✐♦♥s
✭❢♦r ❡①❛♠♣❧❡✱ t❤❡ ❢❛♠♦✉s Gāyatrı̄ ♠❛♥tr❛ ✭❘❱ ✸✳✻✷✳✶✵✮ ❡①♣r❡ss❡s
t❤❡ ✇✐s❤ t❤❛t ❞❡✈❛ Savitr. s❤❛r♣❡♥s ✉♣✱ s❡ts ✐♥ ♠♦t✐♦♥ ✈✐s✐♦♥s ♦r
✐♥s✐❣❤ts ✭dhı̄✲s✮✮✳ ■♥t❡r♥❛❧ ❛s♣❡❝ts ♦❢ deva✲s ❛r❡ ❞✐r❡❝t✱ t❤❡② ❛r❡
♥♦t ♠❡❞✐❛t❡❞ ❜② s♦♠❡t❤✐♥❣ ❡❧s❡✳ ❖♥❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❡❛r❧✐❡st ❡①♣❧✐❝✐t st❛t❡✲
♠❡♥ts ♦❢ t❤✐s ✉♥♠❡❞✐❛t❡❞ ✐♥t❡r♥❛❧ ❝❤❛r❛❝t❡r ♦❢ deva✲s ❝❛♥ ❜❡ ❢♦✉♥❞
✐♥ Br.hadāran.yakopanis.ad ✶✿✹✿✶✵ ✏▼♦r❡♦✈❡r✱ ✇❤♦ r❡✈❡r❡s ❛ ❞✐✛❡r❡♥t
❬t❤❡♥ ❜❡✐♥❣ t❤❡ ✇❤♦❧❡❪ q✉❛❧✐t② ♦❢ ❜❡✐♥❣ ❛ deva ✐♥ t❤❡ ♠❛♥♥❡r ✐t ✐s
♦♥❡✱ ■ ❛♠ ❛♥♦t❤❡r✱ ❤❡ ❞♦❡s ♥♦t ❦♥♦✇✳✑ ✳
✷

❚❤❡ ✐❞❡❛ ♦❢ r❡❞✉❝✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♠✉❧t✐t✉❞❡ ♦❢ ♠②st❡r✐❡s ♦r t❤❡ ✈❛r✐❡t②

♦❢ deva✲s t♦ ❛ s✐♥❣❧❡ ❡♥t✐t② ❞♦❡s ♥♦t ❤❛✈❡ ❛ str♦♥❣ ♣r❡s❡♥❝❡ ✐♥ t❤❡
❘✐❣✈❡❞❛✱ ❛♥❞ ✇❤❡♥ ♣r❡s❡♥t✱ ✐t s❡❡♠s t♦ ❜❡ ❝♦♥t❡①t✉❛❧❧② r❡str✐❝t❡❞
✖ ✐♥ ❝♦♥tr❛st ✇✐t❤ s♦♠❡ ❯♣❛♥✐s❤❛❞s ❛♥❞ ❧❛t❡r ♣❤✐❧♦s♦♣❤✐❝❛❧ t❡①ts
t❤❛t ❛tt❡♠♣t t♦ ❡st❛❜❧✐s❤ t❤❡ st❛t❡♠❡♥t ✏t❤❡r❡ ✐s ♦♥❡ ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ♦♥❧②
deva ♦❢ ✇❤✐❝❤ t❤❡ ✸✸ deva✲s ❛r❡ ❥✉st ❛s♣❡❝ts✑ ❛s ❛ ❢♦✉♥❞❛t✐♦♥❛❧
❜❡❧✐❡❢✳ ■❞❡♥t✐❢②✐♥❣ ♦♥❡ deva ✇✐t❤ ❛♥♦t❤❡r✱ ❧✐❦❡ ✐♥ q✉♦t❡❞ ❛❜♦✈❡ ❘❱✳
✺✳✸✳✶✲✷❛✱ ✐s ✉♥❞❡rst♦♦❞ ❤❡r❡ ❛s ❛ st❛t❡♠❡♥t t❤❛t ✐♥ ❛ ❣✐✈❡♥ ❝♦♥t❡①t
♦♥❡ deva ❢✉♥❝t✐♦♥s ✐♥ s♦♠❡ ✐♠♣♦rt❛♥t ❛s♣❡❝ts ❛s t❤❡ ♦t❤❡r deva✱
♥♦t t❤❛t t❤❡ t✇♦ ❛r❡ ❛r❡ ❥✉st ❞✐✛❡r❡♥t ❛s♣❡❝ts ♦❢ ♦♥❡ ❛♥❞ t❤❡ s❛♠❡
deva✳ ❲❤❛t❡✈❡r r❡❛❞❡r✬s ❝♦♥❝❡♣t✐♦♥ ♦❢ deva✲s ✐s✱ ✐t ✐s ✐♥str✉❝t✐✈❡ t♦
❦❡❡♣ ✐♥ ♠✐♥❞ ❛ r❡♠❛r❦ ❜② ❙✳❲✳❏❛♠✐s♦♥✱ ✏●✐✈❡♥ ✐ts ❡♥✐❣♠❛t✐❝ st②❧❡✱
t❤❡ ❘✐❣ ❱❡❞❛ ❤❛s ✈❡r② ❧✐tt❧❡ ❞✐r❡❝t ❡✈✐❞❡♥❝❡ ❢♦r ❛♥②t❤✐♥❣✑✳

❘✐❣✈❡❞❛ ✐♥❢✉s❡s t❤❡ ♠✐♥❞ ✇✐t❤ ❛ ♣♦t❡♥t ♠❡❞✐❝✐♥❡ ❛❣❛✐♥st t❤❛t

t✐♠❡❧❡ss ❝✉rs❡ ✉♣♦♥ ❤✉♠❛♥s ✖ t♦ ❜❡ s✉r❡ ♦❢ t❤✐♥❣s t❤❛t ♦♥❧② s❡❡♠
❝❡rt❛✐♥ ❞✉❡ t♦ t❤❡ ❞✉r❡ss ♦❢ ❛tt❛❝❤♠❡♥ts✳ ❚❤✉s ❤②♠♥s ♦❢ ❘✐❣✈❡❞❛
❜r✐♥❣ ♦♥❡ ❝❧♦s❡r t♦ t❤❡ s✉❜❧✐♠❡✳

Indra ❛♥❞ ❝❡❧❡st✐❛❧ tr✐❜❡s

Indra ✐s ❝❛❧❧❡❞ ✏t❤❡ deva ♦❢ deva✲s✑ ✭✶✵✳✹✽✳✶✶✮ ❛♥❞ t❤❡✐r ❝❤✐❡❢t❛✐♥ ✳
✶
Indra ✷
✐s ❛ s♦✈❡r❡✐❣♥✱ ❛♥❞ s♦ ❛r❡ ♦t❤❡r deva✲s ✱ ❜✉t Indra ✐s ♣r❡❡♠✐✲
✸ ✹
♥❡♥t ❛♠♦♥❣ t❤❡♠ ❛♥❞ ✐♥❝♦♠♣❛r❛❜❧❡ ✇❤❡♥ ✐t ❝♦♠❡s t♦ ✏t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r

✷ atha yo ′nyām devatāmupāste ′nyo ′smāvanyo ′hamasmı̄ti sa naveda

.
✶ ✸✳✹✵✳✸ ❡①t♦❧❧❡❞ ❝❤✐❡❢ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❬❝❡❧❡st✐❛❧❪ tr✐❜❡s
✻✳✹✻✳✻ ❝❤✐❡❢t❛✐♥ ❛♠♦♥❣ deva✲s
✷ ✶✳✶✼✹✳✶ ❚❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❛r❡ ❛ s♦✈❡r❡✐❣♥✱ ❛♥❞ t❤♦s❡ ✇❤♦ ❛r❡ deva✲s✳
✸ ✶✳✺✺✳✸ t❤r♦✉❣❤ t❤❡ ✈❛❧♦r ❬✐s❪ ♣r❡❬❡♠✐♥❡♥t❪ ❛♠♦♥❣ deva✲s
✹ ✶✳✶✻✺✳✾ ◆♦ ♦♥❡ s✐♠✐❧❛r t♦ t❤❡❡ ✐s ❦♥♦✇♥ ❛♠♦♥❣ deva✲s✳
Indra ❛♥❞ ❝❡❧❡st✐❛❧ tr✐❜❡s ✻✼

t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✑
✺ ♦r t♦ ✈❛❧♦r✻ ✳
■♥ ♠❛♥② ♣❛ss❛❣❡s ✐t ✐s ♥♦t ❝❧❡❛r ✇❤✐❝❤ ♦❢ ♠❛♥② deva✲s ♦❢ ❝❡❧❡st✐❛❧
tr✐❜❡s ❛r❡ ♠❡❛♥t ❜② ✇♦r❞ ✏ deva✲s✑✳ ❚❤❡r❡❢♦r❡✱ ❝❤❛r❛❝t❡r✐③❛t✐♦♥s ♦❢
deva✲s✬ ✐♥t❡r❛❝t✐♦♥s ✇✐t❤ Indra ❛♥❞ ✇✐t❤ ❤✐s ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡rs t❤❛t ✇✐❧❧
❜❡ ❣✐✈❡♥ ❜❡❧♦✇ s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡ ❝♦♥s✐❞❡r❡❞ ❛s ♣♦t❡♥t✐❛❧❧② r❡❢❡rr✐♥❣ t♦ ❞✐❢✲
❢❡r❡♥ts s✉❜s❡ts ♦❢ deva✲s ❞❡♣❡♥❞✐♥❣ ♦♥ ❝✐r❝✉♠st❛♥❝❡s ♦❢ ✐♥✈♦❝❛✐♦♥
❛♥❞ ✐♥✈♦❦❡rs✳ ◆♦t ❛❧❧ ♠❡♥t✐♦♥❡❞ ✐♥t❡r❛❝t✐♦♥s ❛r❡ ♣r❡s❡♥t ❛t ❡✈❡r②
♠❛♥✐❢❡st❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ Indra✳
❙♦♠❡t✐♠❡s deva✲s ❜❡❣❡t✼ Indra✱ ❛♥❞ ✉♣♦♥ ❤✐s ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❛t✐♦♥ ✭♦r
❜✐rt❤✮ ❛tt❡♥❞ t♦ ❤✐♠
✽ ❛❞❥✉st✐♥❣ ❤✐s ❢♦r♠✾ s♦ t❤❛t ❤❡ ✇♦✉❧❞ ❜❡ ❛
Vr.tra✲s❧❛②❡r✶✵ ✳ Deva✲s ♣✉t ✐♥t♦ Indra ✈❛r✐♦✉s ❛❜✐❧✐t✐❡s ✖ t❤❡ ♠❛♥❧②
♣♦✇❡r✱ t❤❡ r❡s♦✉r❝❡❢✉❧♥❡ss
✶✶ ✱ ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ✈❛❧♦r✶✷ ✳ ❚❤❡② str❡♥❣t❤❡♥
❤✐s ♠❛♥❧② ♣♦✇❡rs
✶✸ ✱ ❢❛s❤✐♦♥ ❢♦r ❤✐♠ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✶✹ ✱ ❛♥❞
✶✺
❡♥❝♦✉r❛❣❡ ❤✐s ❢❡r✈♦r ✳
❆ ❞r✐♥❦ ♦❢ Soma✱ t❤❡ s✉♣r❡♠❛❝② ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ str❡♥❣t❤
❛r❡ ②✐❡❧❞❡❞ t♦ Indra ❜② deva✲s ✶✻ ✱ ❛♥❞ ♠♦❞❡r❛t❡❞ ❜② t❤❡♠✶✽ ✳
Deva✲s ♠✐❣❤t ❝❛❧❧ ✉♣ ❛ ❜❛tt❧❡ ♦❢ Indra ✇✐t❤ ❛ s♥❛❦❡
✶✾ ♦r ✇✐t❤

✺ ✶✳✶✵✵✳✶✺ ❚❤❡ ❧✐♠✐ts ♦❢ ✇❤♦s❡ ♣♦✇❡r✲t♦✲❝❤❛♥❣❡ ♥♦t ❛♠♦♥❣ deva✲s✱ ♥♦t ❛♠♦♥❣
♠♦rt❛❧s✱ t❤❡ deva✲s ❛♥❞ ❡✈❡♥ t❤❡ ✇❛t❡rs s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ r❡❛❝❤❡❞
✻ ✶✳✺✺✳✸ t❤r♦✉❣❤ t❤❡ ✈❛❧♦r ❬✐s❪ ♣r❡❬❡♠✐♥❡♥t❪ ❛♠♦♥❣ deva✲s
✶✵✳✹✸✳✺ ❆♥♦t❤❡r ❬deva❪ s❤❛❧❧ ♥♦t ❜❡ ❛❜❧❡ t♦ ✐♠✐t❛t❡ s✉❝❤ ❞❡❡❞ ♦❢ ✈❛❧♦r ♦❢
t❤❡❡✱ ♥❡✐t❤❡r ❛♥ ❛♥❝✐❡♥t ❬deva❪ ♥♦r ❛ ♠♦❞❡r♥ ♦♥❡
✼ ✷✳✶✸✳✺ t❤❡❡ ✖ ✇✐t❤ ❤②♠♥s ♦❢ ♣r❛✐s❡ ❛s ✐❢ ✇✐t❤ ✇❛✈❡s✱ ❬t❤❡❡✱❪ ♣♦ss❡ss✐♥❣ t❤❡
r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r deva✱ deva✲s ❜❡❣♦t❀
✽ ✸✳✺✳✶✽ ❢♦r ❛ ❣r❡❛t ❜❛tt❧❡ ❛❧❧ deva✲s ❛tt❡♥❞❡❞ t♦ t❤❡❡ ❬✇❤♦ ✇❛s ❥✉st❪ ❜♦r♥
✾ ✸✳✸✽✳✼ ❲❡❛r✐♥❣ ♦♥❡ ❣✉✐s❡ ❛❢t❡r ❛♥♦t❤❡r✱ t❤❡② ✇❤♦ ❤❛✈❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❢r❛♠❡
❬✐❞❡❛s ❛♥❞ ♣❡r❝❡♣t✐♦♥❪ ❛❞❥✉st❡❞ ✐♥ ❤✐♠ t❤❡ ❢♦r♠✳
✶✵ ✸✳✹✾✳✶ ❬✇❤♦♠❪ deva✲s s❤❛❧❧ ❝❛✉s❡ t♦ ❡♠❡r❣❡ ❛s ❛ ❞❡str♦②❡r ♦❢ Vrtra✲s
✶✶ ✶✵✳✶✷✵✳✸ ■♥t♦ t❤❡❡ t❤❡② ❛❧❧ ❜✉♥❞❧❡ r❡s♦✉r❝❡❢✉❧♥❡ss ✳✳✳
.

✶✳✽✵✳✶✺ ❝♦✉r❛❣❡ ❛♥❞ t❤❡ r❡s♦✉r❝❡❢✉❧♥❡ss✱ ✜ts ♦❢ ❢r❡♥③② deva✲s ❤❛✈❡ ♣✉t t♦✲
❣❡t❤❡r ✐♥t♦ ❤✐♠✳
✶✵✳✹✽✳✸ ✐♥ ♠❡ deva✲s ♣✉❧❧ ✉♣ t❤❡ r❡s♦✉r❝❡❢✉❧♥❡ss
✶✷ ✽✳✻✷✳✼ ❋♦❧❧♦✇✐♥❣ ❬t❤②❪ ❞❡s✐❣♥s✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❛❧❧ deva✲s ❤❛✈❡ ✐♠♣❛rt❡❞ t♦ t❤❡❡
✈❛❧♦r ✳✳✳
✶✸ ✶✵✳✶✶✸✳✽ ▼♦r❡♦✈❡r✱ ❛❧❧ t❤❡ deva✲s str❡♥❣t❤❡♥❡❞ ❢♦r t❤❡❡✱ ✉s✐♥❣ r✐❝❤ ✐♥ Soma
❡❧♦q✉❡♥❝❡✱ ❬t❤♦s❡❪ ❛❜♦✉t✲t♦✲❜❡❝♦♠❡✲❡✛❡❝t✐✈❡ ♠❛♥❧② ♣♦✇❡rs✳
✶✹ ✶✵✳✹✽✳✶✶ ✳✳✳ t❤❡② ❤❛✈❡ ❢❛s❤✐♦♥❡❞ ♠❡ ❢♦r ❛✉s♣✐❝✐♦✉s ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡ ❬❛s❪
✉♥❝♦♥q✉❡r❡❞✱ ✉♥❞✐str❛❝t❡❞✱ ✐♥✈✐♥❝✐❜❧❡✳
✶✺ ✶✵✳✶✶✸✳✶ ❚❤❛t ❤✐s ❢❡r✈♦r t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤✱ ❜❡✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❛❣r❡❡♠❡♥t
✇✐t❤ ❛❧❧ deva✲s✱ ❡♥❝♦✉r❛❣❡❞
✶✻ ✺✳✷✾✳✺ ❚❤❡♥ t❤r♦✉❣❤ ✉♥❞❡rst❛♥❞✐♥❣ ✳✳✳ ❛❧❧ deva✲s ②✐❡❧❞❡❞ t♦ t❤❡❡ ❛ ❞r✐♥❦
♦❢ Soma✶✼ ✇❤❡♥ ✐♥ t❤❡ ❝♦✉rs❡ ♦❢ ✢✐❝❦❡r✐♥❣ ②♦✉ ♠❛❞❡ ✢②✐♥❣ ✐♥ t❤❡ ❡❛st ❜❛②
♠❛r❡s ♦❢ t❤❡ s✉♥ s❡❝♦♥❞❛r②✳
✻✳✷✺✳✽ ❚❤❡ s✉♣r❡♠❛❝② ❬❛♥❞❪ t❤❡ ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ str❡♥❣t❤✱ ❬❛r❡ ②✐❡❧❞❡❞❪ t♦
t❤❡❡ ❜② deva✲s ✇❤❡♥ ❬t❤♦✉ ❛r❡❪ ❡♥❞✉r❡❞ ❜② ♠❡♥✳
✶✽ ✼✳✷✶✳✼ ❊✈❡♥ deva✲s ✇❤♦ ✇❡r❡ ♣r✐♦r t♦ t❤② ❣✉✐❞❛♥❝❡ ♠♦❞❡r❛t❡❞ ❬t❤②❪ ♦✈❡r✲
✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ ♣♦✇❡rs t♦ ❣❡t ❛ ❞♦♠✐♥✐♦♥✳
✶✾ ✺✳✷✾✳✽ ❲❤❡♥ t❤♦✉ ❞❡✈♦✉r❡❞ t❤r❡❡ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ❜✉✛❛❧♦❡s ✐♥ ❛ ♠♦♥t❤✱ ❬❛♥❞ ✇❤❡♥❪
✻✽ Indra ❛♥❞ deva✲s

Vr.tra❀ ✐♥ ❛ ❝♦♠❜❛t t❤❡② ♣✉t Indra ✐♥ ❢r♦♥t✷✵ ✱ ❝❤♦♦s❡ ❤✐♠ t♦ str✐❦❡

Vr.tra ✷✶ ✱ ❛♥❞ s♦♠❡t✐♠❡s ♣✉t ❛ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t ✐♥t♦ ❤✐s ❤❛♥❞s ✷✷ ✳ Deva✲
s ✐♠♣❡❧ Indra ✷✸ ✱ ❝❤❡❡r ❤✐♠ t♦ ✜❣❤t✷✹ ✱ ❛♥❞ r❡❥♦✐❝❡ ♦✈❡r ❤✐♠✷✺ ✳ ❲❤❛t
✐s t♦ ❜❡ ❡♥❡r❣✐③❡❞✱ ❞✉r✐♥❣ ❣❛✐♥✐♥❣ ♦❢ ✇❛t❡rs deva✲s ♦✛❡r t♦ Indra ✷✻ ✳
❙♦♠❡t✐♠❡s deva✲s ❥♦✐♥✷✼ ✱ ♦r tr② t♦ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❧✐❦❡✲♠✐♥❞❡❞ ✇✐t❤
Indra ✷✽ ✳ ❖t❤❡r t✐♠❡s t❤❡② ❛❜❛♥❞♦♥ ❤✐♠✷✾ ✳ Indra ✐s s♦ ♣♦✇❡r✲
❢✉❧ t❤❛t ❛❧❧ deva✲s t♦❣❡t❤❡r ❞♦ ♥♦t ♦♣♣♦s❡ Indra ✸✵ ♦r ❞✐♠✐♥✐s❤ ❤✐s
t❤♦✉✱ t❤❡ ♠✉♥✐✜❝❡♥t ♦♥❡✱ ❞r❛♥❦ ✉♣ t❤r❡❡ ❝♦♥t❛✐♥✐♥❣ Soma ❝❤❛♥♥❡❧s✱ ❛❧❧
deva✲s ❝❛❧❧❡❞ ✉♣ ❛ ❜❛tt❧❡✱ ❛s ✐❢ ❬✐t ✇❛s❪ ❛ s♦♥❣✱ ❢♦r Indra✬s s❛❦❡ s♦ t❤❛t ❤❡
✇♦✉❧❞ s❧❛② t❤❡ s♥❛❦❡✳
✷✵ ✽✳✶✷✳✷✷ Deva✲s ❤❛✈❡ ♣❧❛❝❡❞ Indra ✐♥ ❢r♦♥t ❢♦r Vr.tra t♦ ❜❡ s❧❛✐♥
✽✳✶✷✳✷✺ ❲❤❡♥ deva✲s ♣✉t t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Indra✱ ✐♥ ❢r♦♥t ✐♥ ❛ ❝❧♦s❡ ❝♦♠❜❛t
✶✳✶✸✶✳✶ ❆❧❧ ❛❝t✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❤❛r♠♦♥② ✇✐t❤ ❡❛❝❤ ♦t❤❡r deva✲s ❤❛s ♣✉t Indra ✐♥ ❢r♦♥t
✻✳✶✼✳✽ ❚❤❡♥ ❛❧❧ deva✲s s❡t t❤❡❡ ✐♥ ❢r♦♥t ✖ ❛❧♦♥❡ ❬❜✉t❪ str♦♥❣✱ ❖ Indra✱ t♦
❝♦♥t❡st ❬t❤❡ s✉♣r❡♠❛❝②❪✳
✷✶ ✹✳✶✾✳✶✳ ❍❡r❡ ❛t t❤✐s t✐♠❡ ✐t ✐s t❤♦✉✱ ❖ ❜❡❛r✐♥❣ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t Indra✱ ✇❤♦♠ ❛❧❧
deva✲s ✖ ❧✐st❡♥✐♥❣ ✇✐❧❧✐♥❣❧② ❤❡❧♣❡rs ✖ ❬t❤❡❡✱❪ ♠✐❣❤t②✱ ❢✉❧❧❣r♦✇♥✱ ❤❡❧♣✐♥❣ ✐♥
❞✐r❡ str❛✐❣❤ts✱ ❬✇❤♦♠❪ ❜♦t❤ Rodas✲❡s ❝❤♦♦s❡ ♦✉t ❬♦❢ ❛❧❧ deva✲s❪ ❛s t❤❡ ♦♥❧②
♦♥❡ t♦ str✐❦❡ Vr. tra✳
✷✷ ✷✳✷✵✳✽ ✇❤❡♥ t❤❡② ♣✉t ❤✐s t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t ✐♥t♦ ❬❤✐s❪ ❛r♠s✱ ❤❡✱ str✐❦✐♥❣ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡s
t♦ s✉✛❡r ✇❛♥t✱ s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ ❝r♦ss❡❞ ♦✈❡r ✐♥t♦ ✐r♦♥✭❄✮ str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞s✳
✷✸ ✶✳✶✶✳✺ ❚❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ✉♥❝♦✈❡r❡❞✱ ❖ st♦♥❡✲✇✐❡❧❞❡r✱ t❤❡ ❛♣❡rt✉r❡ ♦❢ r✐❝❤✲✐♥✲❝♦✇s
❝❛✈❡r♥✱ ❜❡✐♥❣✲❜r♦✉❣❤t✲t♦✲❢♦r❡ deva✲s ♦❢ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ❤❛s✲❜❡❝♦♠❡✲❢❡❛r❧❡ss ✐♠✲
♣❡❧❧❡❞ t❤❡❡✳
✷✹ ✶✳✶✵✸✳✼✲✽ ❆❧❧ deva✲s ❝❤❡❡r❡❞ t❤❡❡ ✇❤❡♥ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❞❡❢❡❛t❡❞ Pipru✱
❝❛✉s✐♥❣ ❧❛❝❦ ♦❢ ❜❛r❧❡② Śus.n
. a✱ Vr.tra✱ ❬❛♥❞❪ ❬❞❡s♦❧❛t❡❞❪ str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞ ♦❢ Śambara
✻✳✶✽✳✶✹ ❚❤❡♥ ❛❧❧ deva✲s s❤❛❧❧ ❝❤❡❡r t❤❡❡ t♦ s❧❛② t❤❡ s♥❛❦❡
✷✺ ✶✳✶✵✷✳✶ ❉✉r✐♥❣ ♦♥s❡t ❛♥❞ ❞✉r✐♥❣ t❤❡ ✐♠♣✉❧s✐♦♥ ❬♦❢ t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡❪✱ t❤❛t
❤❛✈✐♥❣✲✇❛②s✲t♦✲♣r❡✈❛✐❧ Indra deva✲s✱ ❬❜❡✐♥❣ ✐♥❞✉❝❡❞❪ ❜② t❤❡✲✐♠♣✉❧s❡✲t♦✲
❝❤❛♥❣❡✱ r❡❥♦✐❝❡❞ ♦✈❡r✳
✶✵✳✼✸✳✽ ❚❤r♦✉❣❤ t❤❡ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡ t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱ deva✲s r❡❥♦✐❝❡ ♦✈❡r t❤❡❡❀
✶✵✳✷✽✳✼ ❙✐♥❝❡ deva✲s ❤❛✈❡ r❡❛❧❧② ❡①♣❡r✐❡♥❝❡❞ ♠❡ ✐♥ ❡✈❡r② ❛❝t✐♦♥ ❛s str♦♥❣
❬❛♥❞❪ ❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s ❜✉❧❧✱ ❬❛❞♠✐r✐♥❣ ♠❡✱❪ ✏❖ Indra✦✑
✷✻ ✷✳✷✵✳✽ ❚♦ ❤✐♠ ✇❤❛t ✐s t♦ ❜❡ ❡♥❡r❣✐③❡❞ ✇❛s ❛❧✇❛②s ♦✛❡r❡❞ ❞✉r✐♥❣ ❣❛✐♥✐♥❣
✢♦♦❞✐♥❣ ✇❛t❡rs✱ t♦ Indra ✖ ❜② deva✲s
✷✼ ✺✳✸✶✳✽ ❨♦✉ t✇♦ ❜❡❝❛♠❡ ❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s ❬✇❤❡♥❪ t❤♦✉ ❞✐❞ ❧❡❛❞ Kutsa ✇❤❡♥ ✐♥❞❡❡❞
deva✲s ③❡❛❧♦✉s❧② ❥♦✐♥❡❞ ②♦✉ t✇♦✳
✻✳✶✽✳✶✺ ❋♦❧❧♦✇✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤✱ ✐♠♠♦rt❛❧ deva✲s ❜❡t❛❦❡ t❤❡♠✲
s❡❧✈❡s t♦ t❤✐s t❤② ❢r❡♥③②
✶✵✳✶✶✸✳✷ Indra t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ❣♦✐♥❣ ❛❧♦♥❣ ✇✐t❤ ❬❤✐♠❪ deva✲s ❤❛✈✐♥❣ s❧❛②❡❞
Vr.tra✱ ❜❡❝❛♠❡ t♦✲❜❡✲♣r❡❢❡rr❡❞ ❬t♦ ♦t❤❡rs❪✳
✺✳✷✾✳✾ ✇✐t❤ deva✲s t❤♦✉ ♣❧❛❝❡❞ Śus.n
. a ✇✐t❤✐♥ ❤✐s r❡❛❝❤
✸✳✹✻✳✸ ❬❤❡✱❪ ✇✐t❤ deva✲s ♦♥ ❛❧❧ s✐❞❡s✱ ✐s ♥♦t✲❝♦✉♥t❡r❜❛❧❛♥❝❡❞
✷✽ ✽✳✽✾✳✷✱ ✽✳✾✽✳✸ Deva✲s ❡①t❡♥❞❡❞ t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s t♦ ❜❡ ❧✐❦❡✲♠✐♥❞❡❞ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡❡
✷✾ ✹✳✶✽✳✶✶ ❆♥❞ ❬❤✐s❪ ♠♦t❤❡r ♠♦t✐✈❛t❡❞ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r❢✉❧ ♦♥❡ ❬t❤✉s❪✱ ✏t❤❡s❡ deva✲s
❛❜❛♥❞♦♥ t❤❡❡✱ s♦♥✑✳
✹✳✶✾✳✷ ❆s ✐❢ t❤❡② ❛r❡ ❞❡❝r❡♣✐t t❤❡ deva✲s ❛❜❛♥❞♦♥❡❞ ❬t❤❡ ✜❣❤t❪❀
✽✳✾✻✳✼ ❋❧❡❡✐♥❣ ❢r♦♠ Vr.tra✬s ❤✐ss✐♥❣ ❛❧❧ deva✲s ✇❤♦ ✇❡r❡ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s ❛❜❛♥✲
❞♦♥❡❞ t❤❡❡✳
✸✵ ✹✳✸✵✳✸ ◆♦t ❡✈❡♥ ❛❧❧ deva✲s ❬t♦❣❡t❤❡r❪ ❤❛✈❡ ♦♣♣♦s❡❞ t❤❡❡
s♣❤❡r❡ ♦❢ ✐♥✢✉❡♥❝❡✸✶ ❀ t❤❡② ❛r❡ ❛❢r❛✐❞ ♦❢ ❤✐♠✸✷ ✳
Indra ❝r❡❛t❡s ♠❡♥t❛❧ s♣❛❝❡ ❢♦r deva✲s ✸✸ ❀ ❣✉✐❞✐♥❣ t❤❡♠ ✇✐t❤
❤✐s ✐♥t❡♥t✐♦♥✸✹ ❛♥❞ ❞❡str♦②✐♥❣ ♠✉❧t✐♣❧❡ ♦❜st❛❝❧❡s ✸✺ ✱ Indra ✜♥❞s ❢♦r
deva✲s ❛♥ ✉♥✐♠♣❡❞❡❞ ✇❛②✸✻ ✳ ■♥ s♦♠❡ ❝❛s❡s Indra ❤❡❧♣s deva✲s ✸✼ ✱
✐♥ ♦t❤❡rs ❤❡ ✜❣❤ts ❛♥❞ ✇❛r❞ t❤❡♠ ♦✛ ✸✽ ✳
Deva✲s ❤❡❧♣ ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡rs ✇✐t❤ t❤❡✐r ✐♥t❡r❛❝t✐♦♥s ✇✐t❤ Indra✳ ❚❤❡②
❧❡❛❞ ❛ ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡r t♦ Indra ✸✾ ✱ ❛❧❧❛② ❛♥❣❡r ❛♥❞ ♥♦✉r✐s❤ ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡rs ✹✵
t❛❦✐♥❣ ❤♦❧❞ ♦❢ t❤❡✐r ♠✐♥❞s ✹✶ ✳ Deva✲s ❛❝t✐✈❡❧② s❡❡❦ t❤♦s❡ ✇♦r✲
s❤✐♣❡rs ✇❤♦ ❛r❡ ✐♠♣❧❡♠❡♥t✐♥❣ ❛ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥✱ r❡❝✐t✐♥❣ ✈❡rs❡s ❛♥❞
❡①t♦❧❧✐♥❣ Indra ✹✷ ✱ ✇❤♦ ❛r❡ ♥♦t st✐♥❣②✹✸ ✱ ✇❤♦ ♣r❡ss Soma ✹✹ ❛♥❞
❣r♦✇ str♦♥❣✹✺ ✳

Indra ❛♥❞ Soma

Indra ✐s t❤❡ tr✉❡ ❞r✐♥❦❡r ♦❢ Soma✶ ✳ ❍❛✈✐♥❣ ❛ ❧♦♥❣✐♥❣ ❢♦r ✐t✷ ✱ ❡❛✲

✸✶ ✸✳✸✷✳✽ ❛❧❧ deva✲s ❞♦ ♥♦t ❞✐♠✐♥✐s❤ r❡❛❧♠s ❬♦❢ ❤✐♠❪

✸✷ ✺✳✸✵✳✺ t❤❛t✬s ✇❤② deva✲s ✇❡r❡ ❛❢r❛✐❞ ♦❢ Indra ✖ ❤❡ ♦✈❡r❝❛♠❡ ❛❧❧ ✇❛t❡rs
❬t❤❛t ✇❡r❡❪ t❤❡ ♠✐str❡ss❡s ♦❢ t❤❡ ❞❡♠♦♥
✸✸ ✸✳✸✹✳✼ ❚❤r♦✉❣❤ ✜❣❤t✐♥❣✱ t❤r♦✉❣❤ ❡①❝❡ss✐✈❡♥❡ss✱ Indra ❝r❡❛t❡❞ ♠❡♥t❛❧ s♣❛❝❡
❢♦r deva✲s❀
✶✵✳✶✽✵✳✸ ❢♦r deva✲s t❤♦✉ ❝r❡❛t❡❞ ❛ ✇✐❞❡ s♣❛❝❡
✸✹ ✹✳✷✻✳✷ deva✲s ❛r❡ ❣✉✐❞❡❞ ❜② ♠② ✐♥t❡♥t✐♦♥✳
✸✺ ✼✳✶✾✳✹ ❉✉r✐♥❣ ❛r♦✉s✐♥❣ ♦❢ deva✲s✱ t❤♦✉✱ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ♠❡♥✱ ❞❡str♦② ♥✉♠❡r✲
♦✉s ♦❜st❛❝❧❡s
✸✻ ✶✵✳✶✵✹✳✽ ❋♦r deva✲s ❛♥❞ ❢♦r ❛ ♠❛♥ t❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ ✜♥❞ ❛♥ ✉♥✐♠♣❡❞❡❞ ✇❛②✳
✸✼ ✽✳✸✻✳✸✳ ❲✐t❤ ❬t❤②❪ str❡♥❣t❤ t❤♦✉ ❤❡❧♣ deva✲s✱ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ❢r❡♥③② ✖ t❤②s❡❧❢✳
✸✽ ✹✳✸✵✳✺ ❲❤❡♥ t❤♦✉ ❛❧❧✲❛❧♦♥❡ ❢♦✉❣❤t ❛❧❧ ♦❢ t❤❡ r❛✈✐♥❣ deva✲s✱ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱
✇❛r❞❡❞ ♦✛ t❤❡ ❛ss❛✐❧❛♥ts✳
✸✾ ✻✳✷✾✳✹ ❊①t♦❧❧✐♥❣ Indra ♠❡♥✱ ✐♠♣❧❡♠❡♥t✐♥❣ ❛ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥✱ r❡❝✐t✐♥❣ ✈❡rs❡s✱
❬❛r❡❪ ♠♦st ❞❡s✐r❡❞ ❜② deva✲s✳
✶✳✽✸✳✷ Deva✲s ❧❡❛❞ ❢♦r✇❛r❞ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ s❡❡❦s t❤❡ deva✱ ❧✐❦❡ s✉✐t♦rs t❤❡② ♠❛❦❡
t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s ❢r❡q✉❡♥t ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ✐s ❢♦♥❞ ♦❢ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥s✳
✹✵ ✶✳✶✵✹✳✷ Deva✲s ✇✐❧❧ ❛❧❧❛② s❛✈❛❣❡✬s ❛♥❣❡r✱ t❤❡② ✇✐❧❧ ♥♦✉r✐s❤ ♦✉r ❦✐♥❞ ❢♦r ❛♥
❡❛s② ♣❛ss❛❣❡✳
✹✶ ✻✳✹✹✳✽ deva✲s t❛❦❡ ❤♦❧❞ ♦❢ ♠✐♥❞s ❬♦❢ ❛❞❡♣ts❪ ❢♦r ❛✉s♣✐❝✐♦✉s♥❡ss❀
✹✷ ✻✳✷✾✳✹ ❊①t♦❧❧✐♥❣ Indra ♠❡♥✱ ✐♠♣❧❡♠❡♥t✐♥❣ ❛ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥✱ r❡❝✐t✐♥❣ ✈❡rs❡s✱
❬❛r❡❪ ♠♦st ❞❡s✐r❡❞ ❜② deva✲s✳
✹✸ ✼✳✸✷✳✾ deva-s ❬❛r❡❪ ♥♦t ❢♦r ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ tr✐❡s t♦ ❜❡ st✐♥❣②✳
✹✹ ✽✳✷✳✶✽ Deva✲s s❡❡❦ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ♣r❡ss❡s ❬Soma❪✱ t❤❡② ❛r❡ ♥♦t ❡❛❣❡r t♦ s❧❡❡♣✱
✉♥t✐r✐♥❣✱ t❤❡② ❣♦ t♦✇❛r❞s ❝❛r❡❧❡ss♥❡ss✳
✹✺ ✻✳✻✽✳✹ ❲❤❡♥ ♠❡♥ ❛♥❞ ✇✐✈❡s ❣r♦✇ str♦♥❣✱ ❛❧❧ deva✲s ❛r❡ s❡❧❢✲✐♥✈✐t✐♥❣ t❤❡♠✲
s❡❧✈❡s t♦ ❛ ♠❛♥✳
✶ ✶✳✷✾✳✶ tr✉❡ Soma✲❞r✐♥❦❡r
✶✳✹✳✷ ❈♦♠❡ t♦ ♦✉r ♣r❡ss✐♥❣s✱ ❞r✐♥❦ Soma✱ ❖ Soma✲❞r✐♥❦❡r✦
✻✳✷✸✳✸ ❜❡ ❛ ❞r✐♥❦❡r ♦❢ ♣r❡ss❡❞ ♦✉t Soma
✷ ✶✳✶✵✹✳✾ ❚❤❡② s❛② t❤♦✉ t♦ ❤❛✈❡ ❧♦♥❣✐♥❣ ❢♦r Soma✳
✼✵ Indra deva ❛♥❞ ✲s

❣❡r❧② ❞❡s✐r✐♥❣ ✐t ✱ Indra ❢r❡q✉❡♥ts Soma ♣r❡ss✐♥❣s ❛♥❞ ❛❝❝✉♠✉❧❛t❡s

✸ ✹
Soma ❛s ❛ ❧❛❦❡ ❝♦❧❧❡❝ts str❡❛♠s ✢♦✇✐♥❣ ✐♥t♦ ✐t ✱ ❛♥❞ ❞r✐♥❦s Soma
✺
❛s s♦♦♥ ❛s ❤❡ ✐s ❜♦r♥ ✭t❤❛t ✐s✱ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❡❞✮✳ ❆♠♦♥❣ deva✲s✱ Indra
✻
✐s ♥♦t t❤❡ ♦♥❧② ✇❤♦ ❞r✐♥❦s Soma ✖ Agni ✱ Vis.n.u ✱ ❛♥❞ Marut✲s
✼ ✽ ✾
❛r❡ ♠❡♥t✐♦♥❡❞✳
❉❡s♣✐t❡ ■♥❞r❛✬s ❞❡s✐r❡ t♦ ❞r✐♥❦ Soma✱ ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡rs s♦♠❡t✐♠❡s
❤❛✈❡ t♦ ❡♥t✐❝❡ ❛♥❞ t♦ ❜r✐♥❣ ❤✐♠ t♦ ❛ Soma ♣r❡ss✐♥❣✳ ❚❤✐s ✐s ❞♦♥❡ ❜②
❝♦♠♠❡♥❞✐♥❣ Soma ❛s ♣♦ss❡ss✐♥❣ ♦❢ svàr ✱ ❛♥❞ ❡①t♦❧❧✐♥❣ ✐t ❛s ❤❡❧♣✲
✶✵
✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❛ ❜❛tt❧❡✱ ❛s ❣♦♦❞ ❛t ❝r❡❛t✐♥❣ ❛ ✇✐❞❡ s♣❛❝❡✱ ❛s ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞
❜② ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ str❡♥❣t❤✱ ❛♥❞ ❧❛❞❡♥ ✇✐t❤ s♣♦✐❧s ✱ ❜② ❛ss✉r✐♥❣ ✶✶
t❤❛t ✐t ✐s ♣❛❧❛t❛❜❧❡✱ s✇❡❡t✱ ❞❡❧✐❣❤t❢✉❧✱ ♥♦✉r✐s❤✐♥❣ ❛♥❞ ❛✉s♣✐❝✐♦✉s ✳ ✶✷

✸ ✸✳✺✶✳✽ ❇❡✐♥❣ s✉❝❤ ✖ ❡❛❣❡r❧② ❞❡s✐r✐♥❣ ❬✐t❪ ✖ q✉❛✛ ❤❡r❡ Soma ✳✳✳
✹✳✷✸✳✶ ❉r✐♥❦✐♥❣✱ ❞❡s✐r✐♥❣✱ ❡♥❥♦②✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❤❡r❜✱ ❤❡ ❤❛s ❣r♦✇♥✳✳✳
✹ ✶✳✾✳✶✵ ❬❚♦ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ✐s❪ ❛t✲❤♦♠❡ ❛t ❡✈❡r② Soma ❧✐❜❛t✐♦♥
✶✳✶✻✳✽ ❋♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t✐♦♥ Indra s❡ts ♦✉t t♦ ❥✉st ❛❜♦✉t ❡✈❡r② ✐♥❝✐t❡❞
❬❜② ❤✐♠❪ Soma ♣r❡ss✐♥❣
✶✳✸✵✳✹ ❚❤♦✉ ❬✇✐❧❧❪ r❡♣❡❛t❡❞❧② r❡s♦rt ❬t♦ ✐t✱ t♦ Soma❪ ❧✐❦❡ ❛ ❞♦✈❡ ❬t♦ ✐ts❪ ♥❡st✳
✺ ✸✳✸✻✳✽ ❙♦♠❛✲r❡❝❡✐✈✐♥❣ ❝❛✈✐t✐❡s ❛r❡ ❧✐❦❡ ❧❛❦❡s ✖ ❤❡ ❤❛s ❝♦❧❧❡❝t❡❞ ✐♥t♦ ❤✐♠s❡❧❢
♠❛♥② ♣r❡ss✐♥❣s❀
✻ ✸✳✸✷✳✾ t❤♦✉ r❡❛❧❧② ❞r❛♥❦ Soma ✐♥ t❤❡ ✈❡r② ♠♦♠❡♥t ❬t❤♦✉❪ ✇❡r❡ ❜♦r♥✳
✸✳✸✷✳✶✵ ❚❤♦✉ ❞r❛♥❦ Soma t❤❡ ♠♦♠❡♥t t❤♦✉ ✇❡r❡ ❜♦r♥✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❢♦r ❡①❤✐❧✲
❛r❛t✐♦♥ ✐♥ t❤❡ ✉❧t✐♠❛t❡ s♣❛❝❡ ♦❢ ❞❡t❛❝❤♠❡♥t❀
✸✳✹✽✳✶ ❘❡s❡♠❜❧✐♥❣ ❛ ❜✉❧❧ ②♦✉t❤✱ ✐♥ t❤❡ ✈❡r② ♠♦♠❡♥t ❬❤❡ ✇❛s❪ ❜♦r♥✱ ✐♠✲
♣❡❧❧❡❞ t♦ ♦✛❡r ❬❤✐♠ ❛ ❞r❛✉❣❤t❪ ♦❢ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❢r♦♠ ❛♥ ❤❡r❜✳
✻✳✹✵✳✷ ❉r✐♥❦ t❤✐s ✇❤✐❝❤ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❜❡❡♥ ❜♦r♥✱ ❞r❛♥❦ ❢♦r ❡①❤✐❧✲
❛r❛t✐♦♥ ❬❛♥❞❪ r❡s♦✉r❝❡❢✉❧♥❡ss✳✳✳
✼ ✶✳✷✶✳✶ ❚❤♦s❡ t✇♦ ❬Indra ❬❛♥❞❪ Agni❪✱ ❜❡st Soma✲❞r✐♥❦❡rs✱ ❬✇✐s❤❪ Soma✳
✽ ✶✳✶✺✺✳✶ ❨❡ s❤❛❧❧ ♣r❛✐s❡ ✐♥ ✈❡rs❡ ②♦✉r ❞r✐♥❦ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ❤❡r❜ t♦ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥②✐♥❣✲
✈✐s✐♦♥s ♠✐❣❤t② ❤❡r♦ ❛♥❞ Vis.n.u❀
✾ ✸✳✺✶✳✽ ❇❡✐♥❣ s✉❝❤ ✖ ❡❛❣❡r❧② ❞❡s✐r✐♥❣ ❬✐t❪ ✖ q✉❛✛ ❤❡r❡ Soma ✇✐t❤ Marut✲s✱
❖ Indra✱ ✇✐t❤ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s ❬q✉❛✛❪ ♦✉r ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❬❞r✐♥❦❪
✶✵ ✶✳✶✼✸✳✶ ✇❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❝♦♠♠❡♥❞ t❤❛t str❡♥❣t❤❡♥✐♥❣ ♣♦ss❡ss✐♥❣ ♦❢ svàr ❬Soma❪
✶✶ ✽✳✶✺✳✹ ❲❡ ❡①t♦❧ t❤❛t ✇✐♥❡ ❬t❤❛t ✐s❪ ❢♦r t❤❡❡✱ ❬t❤❛t ✐s❪ ✐♠♣r❡❣♥❛t✐♥❣✱ ❬❛♥❞❪
❤❛✈✐♥❣ ✇❛②s t♦ ♣r❡✈❛✐❧ ✐♥ ❜❛tt❧❡s✱ ❬t❤❛t ✐s❪ ❡✛❡❝t✐✈❡ ❛t ❝r❡❛t✐♥❣ ❛ ✇✐❞❡
s♣❛❝❡✳✳✳
✸✳✹✼✳✶ ❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ ❬❝♦♠✐♥❣❪ ❜❛tt❧❡✱ ❞r✐♥❦ Soma ♦❢ t❤② ♦✇♥ ❛❝❝♦r❞ ❢♦r ❛♥
❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t✐♦♥ ✳✳✳
✶✳✶✼✺✳✷ ▼❛② ♦✉r ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t✐♥❣ ❜✉❧❧ ♠❛❦❡ ❛♥ ❛♣♣❡❛r❛♥❝❡ ❢♦r t❤② s❛❦❡ ✖ t❤❡
t♦✲❜❡✲♣r❡❢❡rr❡❞ ❬t♦ ❛❧❧ ♦t❤❡rs❪ ✇✐♥❡ ❬t❤❛t ✐s❪ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣
str❡♥❣t❤✱ ❧❛❞❡♥ ✇✐t❤ s♣♦✐❧s✱ ♣r❡✈❛✐❧✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❜❛tt❧❡s✱ ✐♠♠♦rt❛❧✳
✶✷ ✽✳✶✼✳✻ ▼❛② ✐t ❜❡ ♣❛❧❛t❛❜❧❡ ❢♦r t❤❡❡ ✐♥ ♦r❞❡r t♦ t❛st❡ ✇❡❧❧✱ r✐❝❤ ✐♥ ❤♦♥❡② ❢♦r
t❤② ❜♦❞②✱ ♠❛② Soma ❜❡ ❛✉s♣✐❝✐♦✉s ❢♦r t❤② ❤❡❛rt✦
✶✳✺✳✼ ▲❡t t❤❡♠ ❜❡ ❛✉s♣✐❝✐♦✉s ❢♦r t❤❡❡
✹✳✷✵✳✹ ❚❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ ❞❡❧✐❣❤t ✐♥ t❤❡ ❤❡r❜ ❬t❤❛t ✐s❪ ❝♦♠✐♥❣ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ❜❛s❡ ❬♦❢ ❛
♠♦✉♥t❛✐♥❪✦
✽✳✹✾✳✹ ❉r✐♥❦ ✐♥❝♦♠♣❛r❛❜❧❡✱ ♣r♦❧♦♥❣✐♥❣ ❬❧✐❢❡❪✱ ♥♦✉r✐s❤✐♥❣✱ s✇❡❡t❡r t❤❛♥
❤♦♥❡②✳✳✳
✽✳✸✸✳✶✸ ❏♦✉r♥❡② ❤❡r❡✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❢♦r ❛ ❞r✐♥❦ ♦❢ ❝♦♥t❛✐♥✐♥❣ Soma ❤♦♥❡②
✽✳✻✺✳✽ ❋♦r t❤❡❡ t❤❡ ♠❡♥ ♠✐❧❦❡❞ ✇✐t❤ st♦♥❡s t❤✐s ✖ ❝♦♥t❛✐♥✐♥❣ Soma ❤♦♥❡②✳
Indra ❛♥❞ Soma ✼✶

Indra ✐s ❜❡✐♥❣ ❛ss✉r❡❞ t❤❛t ♦✛❡r❡❞ Soma ✐s ❤✐s ❛♥❞ ❤✐s ♦♥❧②✶✸ ✱ ❛♥❞
✶✹
✐s ✐♥✈✐t❡❞ ❛♥❞ ✉r❣❡❞ t♦ ❞r✐♥❦ ✳ Soma ❞r♦♣s ❜② t❤❡✐r ✈❡r② ♣r❡s❡♥❝❡
♠✐❣❤t ❝♦♥✈❡② Indra t♦ ❛ ❞r✐♥❦✐♥❣ ❜♦✉t ✶✺ ❀ ✏t❤❡ t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s✑ ❝❛♥
✶✻
❞♦ t❤❛t t♦♦ ✳
Indra✬s ❞✐s♣♦s✐t✐♦♥ ❛t ❛ Soma ✶✼ ✱ ❛♥❞ ✐t ✐s
♣r❡ss✐♥❣ ✐s ✐♠♣♦rt❛♥t
✶✽
♣r❡❢❡r❛❜❧❡ t❤❛t t❤❡r❡ ✐s ❛♥ ❛♥t✐❝✐♣❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❞r✐♥❦✐♥❣ ✱ r❡✈❡❧✐♥❣
✶✾ ✷✵
✐♥ ✐t ✱ ❛♥❞ ❛❝t✐♥❣ ❧✐❦❡ ❛ ❜✉❧❧ ✳ ■♥ ❛❞❞✐t✐♦♥✱ Indra ♠✐❣❤t ❤❛✈❡ t♦
✜♥❞ Soma ✷✶ ✳
✶✸ ✶✳✺✹✳✾ ❏✉st ❢♦r t❤❡❡ ❬❛r❡❪ t❤❡s❡ ♥✉♠❡r♦✉s ♣r❡ss❡❞✲✇✐t❤✲st♦♥❡s s❡tt❧❡❞ ✐♥
❜♦✇❧s ❬Soma ❞r♦♣s❪✳
❬❚❤❡s❡❪ ❝✉♣s ❬❛r❡❪ Indra✬s ❞r✐♥❦s✳
✸✳✹✸✳✶ ✳✳✳ ❥♦✉r♥❡② ❤❡r❡ ✳✳✳ t♦ ❛ Soma ❧✐❜❛t✐♦♥ t❤❛t ✐s ♦♥❧② t❤②
✸✳✹✵✳✺ ❚❤② ❬❛r❡❪ ❡♠♣♦✇❡r❡❞ ❜② t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ❞r♦♣s ♦❢ ♣✉r❡ Soma✦
✻✳✹✶✳✶ ❊①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❞r♦♣s ♦❢ Soma ♣✉r✐❢② t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s ❢♦r t❤❡❡✦
✶✳✶✵✶✳✾ ❢♦r t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Indra✱ ✇❡ ❤❛✈❡ ♣r❡ss❡❞ Soma
✶✵✳✷✾✳✻ ❋♦r t❤❡❡ t♦ ❝❤♦♦s❡ ❬❛r❡❪ r✐❝❤ ✐♥ ❣❤❡❡ Soma ❥✉✐❝❡s
✶✹ ✶✳✶✵✶✳✶✵ ✉♥t✐❡ t✇♦ ❧✐♣s ❬❢♦r Soma❪
✸✳✺✵✳✷ ❉r✐♥❦ ♥♦✇ t❤✐s ✇❡❧❧✲♣r❡ss❡❞✱ ❡st❡❡♠❡❞ ❬Soma❪✦
✶✳✶✵✹✳✾ ❉♦ t❤♦✉✱ ❡①t❡♥❞✐♥❣ ✇✐❞❡❧②✱ ♣♦✉r ❬✐t❪ ✐♥t♦ ❬t❤②❪ ❜❡❧❧②✦
✷✳✶✶✳✶✶ ❏✉st ❞r✐♥❦✱ ❞r✐♥❦ Soma✱ ❖ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡ Indra✦
✸✳✹✵✳✷ ❉r✐♥❦✱ ❞r❡♥❝❤ ❬t❤②s❡❧❢❪ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ❡✈❡r✲s❛t✐s❢②✐♥❣ ❬Soma❪✦
✶✳✽✹✳✹ ❉r✐♥❦ t❤✐s ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❬Soma❪✱ ❖ Indra✱ t❤❡ ♠♦st ❡①❝❡❧❧❡♥t ✐♠♣❡r✐s❤✲
❛❜❧❡ ✇✐♥❡✦
✸✳✸✺✳✻ ❍❛✈✐♥❣ s❡tt❧❡❞ ♦♥t♦ s❛❝r✐✜❝✐❛❧ ❣r❛ss ❞✉r✐♥❣ t❤✐s s❛❝r✐✜❝❡✱ ♣✉t t❤✐s
❞r♦♣ ♦❢ ♣✉r❡ Soma ✐♥t♦ ❬t❤②❪ ❜❡❧❧②✱ ❖ Indra✦
✶✺ ✶✳✶✵✳✶✻ ▲❡t t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s ❝♦♥✈❡② t❤❡❡✱ t❤❡ ❜✉❧❧✱ ❤❡r❡ t♦ ❞r✐♥❦ Soma
✶✳✶✵✶✳✶✵ ▲❡t t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s ❝♦♥✈❡② t❤❡❡ ❤❡r❡
✸✳✹✸✳✻ ▼❛② ♠✐❣❤t② ②♦❦❡❞ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s ❝♦♥✈❡② t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❤✐t❤❡r✱ t♦
❞r✐♥❦✐♥❣ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s✦
✶✻ ✽✳✶✸✳✷✸ ❆♥❞ t❤② t✇♦ ❤✐❣❤❧② ♣r❛✐s❡❞ t❛✇♥② ❜✉❧❧s ❝❛rr② t❤❡ ❝❤❛r✐♦t t♦✇❛r❞s
t❤❡ ♠♦st ✐♥t♦①✐❝❛t✐♥❣ ❬❞r✐♥❦❪ ♦❢ ❤✐♠✱ ✇❤♦ ✐s ♥♦t s✉❜❥❡❝t t♦ ♦❧❞ ❛❣❡✱ ✇❤♦♠
✇❡ ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤✳
✷✳✶✽✳✹ ❖ Indra✱ ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤✱ ❬❡♠♣❧♦②✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❝❤❛r✐♦t❪ ✇✐t❤ t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s✱
✇✐t❤ ❢♦✉r✱ ✇✐t❤ s✐①✱ ❜❡✐♥❣ s✉♠♠♦♥❡❞✱ ✇✐t❤ ❡✐❣❤t✱ ✇✐t❤ t❡♥✱ ❛ ❞r✐♥❦ ♦❢
Soma✦
✷✳✶✽✳✺ ❆♣♣r♦❛❝❤✱ ❝♦♠✐♥❣ ❤✐t❤❡r✇❛r❞✱ ❡♠♣❧♦②✐♥❣ ❬❝❤❛r✐♦ts❪ ✇✐t❤ t✇❡♥t②✱
t❤✐rt②✱ ❢♦rt② t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s✱ ✇✐t❤ ✜❢t② ✇❡❧❧ ②♦❦❡❞ t♦ ❝❤❛r✐♦ts✱ ❖ Indra✱ ✇✐t❤
s✐①t②✱ ✇✐t❤ s❡✈❡♥t② ❬❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤❪ ❛ ❞r✐♥❦ ♦❢ Soma✦
✷✳✶✽✳✻ ❆♣♣r♦❛❝❤✱ ❝♦♠✐♥❣ ❤✐t❤❡r✇❛r❞✱❬❡♠♣❧♦②✐♥❣ ❝❤❛r✐♦ts❪ ✇✐t❤ ❡✐❣❤t②✱
♥✐♥❡t②✱ ✇✐t❤ ❛ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s✱ ❬t❤♦✉❪✱ ❜❡✐♥❣ ❝♦♥✈❡②❡❞ ❬❤❡r❡❪✱ ❜❡❝❛✉s❡
❢♦r t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Indra✱ t❤✐s Soma ✐s ♣♦✉r❡❞ ♦✉t ❛♠♦♥❣ Śunahotra✲s ❢♦r t❤❡❡✱ ❢♦r
❛♥ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t✐♦♥✳
✶✼ ✸✳✸✺✳✻ ❖♥❝❡ ♠♦r❡✱ ✇❡❧❧✲❞✐s♣♦s❡❞ ❢♦r t❤✐s ❬Soma❪✱ ❞r✐♥❦ ❬✐t❪✦
✶✽ ✸✳✸✺✳✽ ❍❛✈✐♥❣ ❧❡❛r♥❡❞ ♦❢ ✐t✱ ❞r✐♥❦ ❬✐t❪✱ ❜❡✐♥❣ ✇❡❧❧✲❞✐s♣♦s❡❞✱ ❛♥t✐❝✐♣❛t✐♥❣
❬❞r✐♥❦✐♥❣❪
✶✾ ✶✳✾✳✶ r❡✈❡❧ ✐♥ t❤❡ ❤❡r❜
✷✵ ✶✳✸✷✳✸ ❆❝t✐♥❣ ❧✐❦❡ ❛ ❜✉❧❧✱ ❤❡ ❝❤♦s❡ Soma✳
✶✳✺✺✳✷ Indra ❜❡❝♦♠❡s ❛r♦✉s❡❞ ❧✐❦❡ ❛ ❜✉❧❧ ✐♥ ♦r❞❡r t♦ ❞r✐♥❦ Soma✳
✷✶ ✶✳✻✷✳✺ t❤r♦✉❣❤♦✉t t❤❡ ♠♦r♥✐♥❣ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ t❤❡ s✉♥✱ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡
❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s t❤♦✉ s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ ❞✐s❝♦✈❡r❡❞ t❤❡ ❤❡r❜✳
✼✷ Indra ❛♥❞ deva✲s

Indra ❞r✐♥❦s Soma ✐♥s✐❞❡ ❛ ❤✉♠❛♥

✷✷ ✱ ❛♥❞ t❤✉s✱ t❤❡ ❞✐s♣♦s✐t✐♦♥

♦❢ s✉❝❤ ❤✉♠❛♥ ♠❛tt❡rs✳ ■t ✐s ♠❡♥t✐♦♥❡❞ t❤❛t ✐♥ s♦♠❡ ❝✐r❝✉♠st❛♥❝❡s

Indra ❞r✐♥❦s ♦♥❧② ✐♥ ❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s ♦♥❡s ✷✸ ✳ ❇❡✐♥❣ ❡♥t✐❝❡❞ t♦ r❡❜❡❧

✷✹ ✱ ❜❡✲

❝♦♠✐♥❣ ♠❛t✉r❡ ✐♥ ♦♥❡✬s ♣r❛❝t✐❝❡s ❛♥❞ ❝♦♥s✉♠✐♥❣ ♣❛rt✐❝✉❧❛r ❢♦♦❞

✷✺ ✱
❛♥❞✱ ♠❛② ❜❡✱ r✉♥♥✐♥❣✲✐♥✲t❤❡✲❢❛♠✐❧② ♣r❡❞✐s♣♦s✐t✐♦♥
✷✻ ❛r❡ ♠❡♥t✐♦♥❡❞

❛s ❤❡❧♣✐♥❣ Indra t♦ ❞r✐♥❦✳ ▼♦st ❢r❡q✉❡♥t❧② ♠❡♥t✐♦♥❡❞ t✐♠❡ ❢♦r ❛

Soma ❧✐❜❛t✐♦♥ ✐s ❡❛r❧② ❤♦✉rs ♦❢ t❤❡ ❞❛②

✷✼ ✳ ■♥ ❛♥② ❝❛s❡✱ ✐t ✐s ✐♠✲

♣♦rt❛♥t t♦ ❤❛✈❡ ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥❝❡ ♦❢ ❜♦t❤ Soma ❡①tr❛❝t ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ✐♥♥❡r

Soma ✷✽ ✳
Pr❡♣❛r❡❞ ❢♦r Indra ❡①tr❛❝t ♦❢ Soma ❤❛s t❤r❡❡ ♠❛✐♥ ❝♦♠♣♦♥❡♥ts✱
❛s ✐♥ t❤❡ ❣❡♥❡r❛❧ ❝❛s❡ ❬❙❡♠❡♥♦✈✱ ✷✵✷✵✱ ♣✳✹✺❪✿ ❞r♦♣s ♦❢ ❥✉✐❝❡ ❢r♦♠

s♣r✐♥❦❧❡❞ ✇✐t❤ ✇❛t❡r ❛♥❞ t❤❡♥ ♣r❡ss❡❞ ✇✐t❤ st♦♥❡s st❛❧❦s ♦❢ t❤❡

❤❡r❜
✷✾ ✱ ♠✐❧❦
✸✵ ✱ ❛♥❞ ❤♦♥❡②
✸✶ ✳ ❚❤❡ ♠✐❧❦ ❝❛♥ ❜❡ t❤✐❝❦❡♥❡❞ ♦r ❝♦❛❣✉✲

✷✳✷✷✳✹ ❤❡ s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ ❢♦✉♥❞ t❤❡ s❛♣✱ ❤❡✱ ♦❢ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ✇✐❧❡s✱ s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡
❢♦✉♥❞ t❤❡ ❧✐❜❛t✐♦♥ ❬♦❢ Soma❪
✷✷ ✽✳✻✹✳✶✵ ❚❤✐s Soma ✐s ♣r❡ss❡❞ ❢♦r t❤❡❡ ❛♠♦♥❣ ❝♦♠♠♦♥❡rs✱ ✐♥ ❛ ❤✉♠❛♥ ✖
❝♦♠❡ ❤❡r❡✱ r✉s❤ ❢♦rt❤✱ ❞r✐♥❦ ✐t✦
✷✸ ✷✳✶✶✳✶✼ ❏✉st ✐♥ ❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s ♦♥❡s✱ ❖ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱ ❞♦ t❤♦✉✱ ♣r♦❝✉r✐♥❣ ❥♦②✱
❞r✐♥❦ Soma ❞✉r✐♥❣ ✏t❤r❡❡✲❤♦✇❧s✑✱ ❖ Indra✦
✷✹ ✽✳✻✳✶✾ ❚❤❡s❡ ❡♥t✐❝❡♠❡♥ts t♦ r❡❜❡❧ ❬❛r❡❪ ②✐❡❧❞✐♥❣ t♦ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❬t♦ ❜❡❪
♠✐①❡❞ ❬✇✐t❤ Soma❪ ❣❤❡❡✱✳✳
✷✺ ✻✳✷✾✳✹ ❚❤❛t Soma✱ ♠♦st ♠✐①❡❞ ♦♥❡✱ s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ✐♥ ✇❤♦♠ t❤❡
r✐♣❡♥✐♥❣ ♠❛t✉r❡s ❬✐♥ ✇❤♦♠❪ t❤❡r❡ ❛r❡ ❬♣❛r❝❤❡❞❪ ❣r❛✐♥s✳
✷✻ ✸✳✹✷✳✾ ❚❤❡❡✱ t❤❡ ♣r✐♠♦r❞✐❛❧ ♦♥❡✱ ❖ Indra✱ ✇❡✱ ❞❡s❝❡♥❞❛♥ts ♦❢ Kuśika✱ s❡❡❦✲
✐♥❣ ❤❡❧♣✱ s✉♠♠♦♥ ❢♦r ❛ ❞r✐♥❦ ♦❢ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❬Soma❪✳
✷✼ ✶✳✻✷✳✺ t❤r♦✉❣❤♦✉t t❤❡ ♠♦r♥✐♥❣ ✳✳✳ t❤♦✉ s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ ❞✐s❝♦✈❡r❡❞ t❤❡ ❤❡r❜✳
✸✳✹✻✳✹ ❬❤✐♠❪ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ Soma ❥✉✐❝❡s ❡♥t❡r ❞✉r✐♥❣ ❡❛r❧② ❤♦✉rs ♦❢ ❞❛②
✸✳✺✷✳✶ ❖ Indra✱ ❡♥❥♦② ❛t ❞❛②✲❜r❡❛❦ ♦✉r ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② ❣r❛✐♥s✱ ❜② ❣r✉❡❧✱
❜② ❝❛❦❡✱ ❜② ✈❡rs❡s ❬Soma❪✳
✺✳✸✵✳✶✸ P✉♥❣❡♥t✱ ♣r❡ss❡❞ ♦✉t ❬❞r♦♣s ♦❢ Soma❪ ✐♥✢❛♠❡❞ Indra ❛t ♥✐❣❤t✱ ❛t
✜rst ❧✐❣❤ts ❬♦❢ ❞❛✇♥❪✳✳✳
✶✵✳✶✶✷✳✶ ❖ Indra✱ ❞r✐♥❦ ❛t ✇✐❧❧ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❬Soma❪✱ s✐♥❝❡ t❤② ❬✐s❪ t❤❡ ♠♦r♥✐♥❣
♣r❡ss✐♥❣✱ t❤❡ ✐♥✐t✐❛❧ ❞r❛✉❣❤t✳
✷✽ ✷✳✶✹✳✸ ❙✉rr♦✉♥❞ Indra ✇✐t❤ ❞r♦♣s ♦❢ Soma ❛s ♦❧❞ ♠❛♥ ❬✇♦✉❧❞ s✉rr♦✉♥❞
❤✐♠s❡❧❢ ❪ ✇✐t❤ ❝❧♦t❤❡s
✷✳✶✹✳✶✶ ✜❧❧ ❤✐♠ ✖ ❧✐❦❡ ❛ ❣r❛♥❛r② ✇✐t❤ ❜❛r❧❡② ✕ ✇✐t❤ Soma ❬✜❧❧❪ Indra ✖
❧❡t t❤✐s ❜❡ ②♦✉r s❛❝r✐✜❝✐❛❧ ❛❝t
✻✳✷✸✳✾ ❞✉r✐♥❣ Soma ❧✐❜❛t✐♦♥s s❛t❡ ❤✐♠✱ ❧✐❜❡r❛❧ Indra✱ ✇✐t❤ ❞r♦♣s ♦❢ Soma
✖ ✇❤❡t❤❡r ❤❡ ✇♦✉❧❞ ❜❡ ❬t❤❡r❡❪ ❢♦r t❤❛t ♦✉r ❜❛tt❧❡ ❬♦r ♥♦t❪✦
✷✾ ✽✳✷✳✶✵ ❚❤❡s❡ ♣✉♥❣❡♥t ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❛♠♦♥❣ ✉s Soma ❞r♦♣s✱ ❬t❤❛t ❛r❡❪ ❢♦r t❤❡❡✱
❖ Indra✱ t❤❡②✱ tr❛♥s❧✉❝❡♥t✱ ♥❡❡❞ t♦ ❜❡ ♠✐①❡❞ ❬✇✐t❤ ♠✐❧❦❪✳
✷✳✶✸✳✻ t❤♦✉ ♠✐❧❦❡❞ ❢r♦♠ ❛ ❞❛♠♣ ❬st❛❧❦❪ ♠♦✉t❤✲❞r②✐♥❣ r✐❝❤ ✐♥ ❤♦♥❡② ❬❥✉✐❝❡❪
✶✵✳✷✽✳✸ ❲✐t❤ t❤❡ st♦♥❡ t❤❡② ♣r❡ss ❢♦r t❤❡❡ ♣♦ss❡ss✐♥❣✲♦❢✲❞❡❧✐❣❤t str♦♥❣
❞r♦♣s ♦❢ Soma✱ t❤♦✉ ❞r✐♥❦ t❤♦s❡✳
✷✳✶✸✳✶ ❚❤❡♥✱ t❤❡ t♦✲❜❡✲❜❡❛t❡♥ ❬❤❡r❜❪ ❜❡❝❛♠❡ ❛ s✇❡❧❧✐♥❣ ❬❧✐❜❛t✐♦♥❪❀ t❤❡ ❥✉✐❝❡
♦❢ t❤❡ st❛❧❦ ❬t❤✉s ❜❡❝♦♠❡s❪ ❛♠❜r♦s✐❛ ✜rst
✸✵ ✸✳✸✷✳✷ ❉r✐♥❦✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❛❣✐t❛t✐♥❣ tr❛♥s❧✉❝❡♥t ❬❥✉✐❝❡❪ ♠✐①❡❞ ✇✐t❤ ♠✐❧❦ ❬t❤❛t❪
✇❡ ❤❛✈❡ ②✐❡❧❞❡❞ ❢♦r t❤② ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t✐♦♥✦
✸✶ ✽✳✹✳✽ t❤❡ ♠✐❧❦ ✐s ♠✐①❡❞ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ❤♦♥❡② ♦❢ t❤❡ ❜❡❡
Indra ❛♥❞ Soma ✼✸
❧❛t❡❞ ✖ ✇✐t❤ s❧✐❣❤t❧② ❞✐✛❡r❡♥t ❡✛❡❝ts ✳ ❚❤❡ ❢♦✉rt❤ ✐♥❣r❡❞✐❡♥t ✖
✸✷
❜❛r❧❡② ✱ ♦r s♦♠❡ ♦t❤❡r ❣r❛✐♥s ✖ ✐s ♦❢t❡♥ ♠✐①❡❞ ♦r ❝♦♥s✉♠❡❞
✸✸ ✸✹ ✸✺
✇✐t❤ ❛ Soma ❡①tr❛❝t✳ ❖♥❡ ❡✛❡❝t ♦❢ ❜❛r❧❡② ✐s t♦ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥ Indra ❢♦r
❛ ❞r✐♥❦ ♦❢ Soma ✳ ◆♦t✲♠✐①❡❞✱ ♦r ♣♦♦r❧② ♠✐①❡❞ Soma✱ ❛❧t❤♦✉❣❤
✸✻
❤❡❧♣❢✉❧✱ ✐s ✐♥s✐✣❝✐❡♥t ❢♦r Indra ✳ ✸✼

❉r✐♥❦✐♥❣ Soma ✇✐t❤♦✉t ♣❡r❢♦r♠✐♥❣ ❛ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥ ♠❛❦❡s ✐t ✐♥✲

✢✉❡♥❝✐♥❣ Indra ❧❡ss ✳ ❙✉❝❤ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥ ✐♥✈♦❧✈❡s r❡❝✐t✐♥❣ ✈❡rs❡s✱
✸✽
✉tt❡r✐♥❣ ♣r❛✐s❡s ♦❢ Indra ❛♥❞ ❝❤❛♥t✐♥❣ ✳ ❆❧❧ ♦❢ t❤❡s❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡
✸✾ ✹✵
♣❡r❢♦r♠❡❞ ❡❛❣❡r❧② ✱ ❛♥❞ ❛r❡ ✐♥t❡♥❞❡❞ t♦ ✐♥✢❛♠❡ Indra ✳
✹✶ ✹✷

✸✷ ✽✳✷✳✾ ❬✇❤❡♥ t❤♦✉✱ Soma✱ ❛r❡❪ ♠✐①❡❞ ✇✐t❤ t❤✐❝❦❡♥❡❞ ♠✐❧❦ ❬t❤♦✉ ❛r❡❪ ✐♥ t❤❡
♠✐❞❞❧❡ ❬❜❡t✇❡❡♥ ❣✐✈✐♥❣ ❦♥♦✇❧❡❞❣❡ ❛♥❞ ❝❛✉s✐♥❣ Indra✬s ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t✐♦♥❪❀ ♠✐①❡❞
✇✐t❤ ❝♦❛❣✉❧❛t❡❞ ♠✐❧❦ ❬t❤♦✉ ❛r❡❪ t❤❡ ♠♦st ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t✐♥❣ ❬❞r✐♥❦❪ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❛❣❡♥t
♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✳
✸✸ ✽✳✾✷✳✹ ❇❡✐♥❣ s❡❧❡❝t✐✈❡✱ Indra ❞r❛♥❦ t❤❡ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣ ✖ ❡♥❞♦✇✐♥❣ ✇✐t❤ ♠❡♥t❛❧
♣♦✇❡rs ❤❡r❜✱ ♠✐①❡❞ ✇✐t❤ ❜❛r❧❡② ❞r♦♣ ♦❢ ♣✉r❡st Soma
✷✳✷✷✳✶ ❉✉r✐♥❣ ✏t❤r❡❡✲❤♦✇❧s✑ ❤❛✈✐♥❣✲♠✉❝❤✲❢❡r✈♦r ❜✉✛❛❧♦ ❞r❛♥❦ ❬❛s ♠✉❝❤❪ ❛s
❤❡ ✇✐s❤❡❞✱ t♦ ❤✐s s❛t✐s❢❛❝t✐♦♥✱ ❜❛r❧❡②✲♠✐①❡❞ Soma ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❜② Vis.n
. u✳
✸✳✹✷✳✼ ❚❤✐s✱ ❖ Indra✱ ♠✐①❡❞ ✇✐t❤ ♠✐❧❦ ❛♥❞ ♠✐①❡❞ ✇✐t❤ ❜❛r❧❡② ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❜②
❜✉❧❧s ❬Soma❪ ❞r✐♥❦ ❢♦r ♦✉r s❛❦❡✳✳✳
✸✹ ✸✳✺✷✳✶ ❖ Indra✱ ❡♥❥♦② ❛t ❞❛②✲❜r❡❛❦ ♦✉r ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② ❣r❛✐♥s✱ ❜② ❣r✉❡❧✱
❜② ❝❛❦❡✱ ❜② ✈❡rs❡s ❬Soma❪✳
✸✺ ■♥ Soma ❤②♠♥s ❜❛r❧❡② ✐s ♠❡♥t✐♦♥❡❞ ♦♥❧② ♦♥❝❡✱ ✐♥ ✾✳✻✽✳✹✱ ✇❤✐❧❡ ✐t ✐s ♠❡♥✲
t✐♦♥❡❞ ❛s ♣❛rt ♦❢ ❛ Soma ❧✐❜❛t✐♦♥ s✐① t✐♠❡s ✐♥ Indra ❤②♠♥s
✸✻ ✸✳✺✷✳✽ ▼❛② t❤❡② ❬✱ t❤❡ ❣r❛✐♥s✱❪ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥ t❤❡❡ ❢♦r ❛ ❞r✐♥❦ ♦❢ Soma
✸✼ ✽✳✷✳✺ ◆❡✐t❤❡r tr❛♥s❧✉❝❡♥t ♦♥❡✱ ♥♦r ♣♦♦r❧② ♠✐①❡❞ ♦♥❡ ❛r❡ ❤❡❧♣✐♥❣ t♦ s❛t✐❛t❡
❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ✐s ❡①t❡♥❞✐♥❣ ✇✐❞❡❧②❀ t❤❡② ❬❥✉st❪ ❡①tr✐❝❛t❡ t❤❡ ❜❡♥❡✈♦❧❡♥t ♦♥❡ ❬❢r♦♠
❛♣❛t❤②❪✳
✸✽ ✼✳✷✻✳✶ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❬❞r♦♣s ♦❢ Soma❪ t❤❛t ❛r❡ ✇✐t❤♦✉t ❛ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥ ❞♦ ♥♦t
❬❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t❡❪ t❤❡ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡✳
✸✾ ✶✳✽✳✶✵ ❙✐♥❝❡ ♦♥❧② ❛ ✈❡rs❡ ❛♥❞ ❛ ❤②♠♥ ♦❢ ♣r❛✐s❡ ♦❢ ❤✐♠ ❬❛r❡❪ ❞❡s✐r❛❜❧❡ ❬t♦
❤✐♠❪✱ ❬t❤♦s❡ t✇♦ ❛r❡❪ t♦✲❜❡✲r❡❝✐t❡❞ ❢♦r Indra t♦ ❞r✐♥❦ Soma✳
✼✳✷✻✳✶ ❋♦r ❤✐♠ ❝r❡❛t❡ ❛ ✈❡rs❡ t❤❛t ❤❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❡♥❥♦② ✖ ❛ ♥❡✇ ♠❛♥❧② ♦♥❡ s♦
t❤❛t ❤❡ ✇♦✉❧❞ ❧✐st❡♥ t♦ ✉s✳
✷✳✶✶✳✸ ❉✉r✐♥❣ r❡❝✐t❡❞ ✈❡rs❡s ✇✐t❤ ✇❤✐❝❤ ❤❡✱ ❖ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱ ✇❛s s❛t✐s✜❡❞✱
❛♥❞ ❞✉r✐♥❣ ❛❣r❡❡❛❜❧❡ t♦ Rudra ❤②♠♥s ♦❢ ♣r❛✐s❡✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❥✉st ❢♦r t❤❡❡
❬❛r❡❪ t❤❡s❡ ❬❧✐❜❛t✐♦♥s❪ ✐♥ ✇❤✐❝❤ ❬t❤♦✉ ❛r❡❪ ❡①❛❧t✐♥❣✱ ❛s ❬❥✉st❪ ❢♦r Vāyu t❤❡
r❡♣❧❡♥✐s❤✐♥❣ ♦♥❡s ✢♦✇ ❢♦rt❤✳
✽✳✾✺✳✼ ▲❡t ❝❧❡❛♥s❡❞✱ ♠✐①❡❞ ❬✇✐t❤ ♠✐❧❦ Soma❪ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t❡ ❬❤✐♠❪ ❬✇❤♦ ✇❛s❪
str❡♥❣t❤❡♥❡❞ ❜② ❢❛✉❧t❧❡ss r❡❝✐t❡❞ ✈❡rs❡s✳
✹✳✸✷✳✶✶ ❉✉r✐♥❣ Soma ❧✐❜❛t✐♦♥s ❛❞❡♣ts ❡①t♦❧ t❤♦s❡ t❤② ❬❞❡❡❞s❪ t❤❛t t❤♦✉
♣❡r❢♦r♠❡❞ ❛s ♠❛♥❧② ❞❡❡❞s
✹✵ ✶✳✶✼✻✳✷ ❉♦ t❤♦✉ ♠❛❦❡ t❤❡ ❝❤❛♥ts ♣❡r✈❛❞❡ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ❛❧♦♥❡ ❬r✉❧❡s ♦✈❡r❪ t❤♦s❡
t❤❛t ❞r❛✇ t♦ t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s✱✳✳
✹✶ ✼✳✷✻✳✷ ■♥ ✈❡rs❡✲❛❢t❡r✲✈❡rs❡ Soma ❤❛s ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t❡❞ Indra✱ ✐♥ t✉♥❡✲❛❢t❡r✲t✉♥❡
❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❬❞r♦♣s ♦❢ Soma❪ ❬❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t❡❞❪ t❤❡ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡ ✇❤❡♥ t❤❡②✱ ✇❤♦
❤❛✈❡ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ♣♦✇❡r ♦✈❡r samāna✱ ❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥ ❤✐♠ ❡❛❣❡r❧② ✖ ❧✐❦❡ s♦♥s ❬t❤❡✐r❪
❢❛t❤❡r ✖ ❢♦r ❤❡❧♣✳
✽✳✹✵✳✻ ❉♦ t❤♦✉ ❬✱ ❖ Agni✱❪ ❝❛✉s❡ ❬Indra❪ t♦ ❞❡str♦② t❤❡ ✈✐❣♦✉r ♦❢ t❤❡ ✜❡♥❞
s♦ t❤❛t ✇❡ ❝❛♥ ❛♣♣♦rt✐♦♥ ♣r❡♣❛r❡❞ ❜❡♥❡✜t ♦❢ t❤✐s ♦♥❡ t♦ Indra✦
✹✷ ✶✵✳✹✽✳✹ ❢♦r ❛ ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡r ■ ✏❣r✐♥❞ ❞♦✇♥✑ ♠❛♥② t❤♦✉s❛♥❞s ✖ ✇❤❡♥ Soma
✼✹ Indra ❛♥❞ deva✲s

❱✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥s ❤❡❧♣ ✐♥ t❤✐s ❝♦♥t❡①t

✹✸ ❛♥❞ ❛❧s♦ ❛r❡ ❢❛❝✐❧✐t❛t❡❞ ❜②

Soma ✹✹ ✳ ❆tt❡♥t✐♦♥ s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡ ♣❛✐❞ t♦ t❤❡ s✉❜t❧❡ ❜♦❞②

✹✺ ❜② ♣❡r❝❡✐✈✐♥❣

❛♥❞ ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③✐♥❣ t❤❡ r✐s✐♥❣ ♦❢ t❤❡ ✐♥♥❡r Soma ❛❧♦♥❣ t❤❡ s♣✐♥❡
✹✻ ❛♥❞

❝♦❧❧❡❝t✐♥❣ ❛t ❝❛❦r❛s
✹✼ ❀ ❡♠♦t✐♦♥s s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡ ❝♦♥tr♦❧❧❡❞
✹✽ ❛♥❞ ❣❡❛r❡❞

t♦✇❛r❞s ❣❧❛❞❞❡♥✐♥❣ Indra ✹✾ ❀ ♣❛rt✐❝✉❧❛r❧②✱ t❤❡ ❛tt❡♥t✐♦♥ s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡ ♦♥

t❤❡ man.ipūra ❝❛❦r❛ ❛♥❞ ❝❛❦r❛s ✐♥ t❤❡ ❤❡❛❞

✺✵ ✱ ❛♥❞ ♦♥ ✇❤❛t❡✈❡r ✐s

✐♥str✉♠❡♥t❛❧ t♦ s❡t✲❜❡❢♦r❡✲t❤❡✲❞r✐♥❦✐♥❣ ❣♦❛❧s

✺✶ ✳

Soma ✐s ❛✉s♣✐❝✐♦✉s ❢♦r Indra ✺✷ ❛♥❞ ❛ss✐sts ❤✐♠ ✐♥ ✈❛r✐♦✉s

❞r♦♣s ♦❢ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ✐s ✉tt❡r✐♥❣ ✈❡rs❡s ✐♥✢❛♠❡ ♠❡✳

✶✳✶✵✶✳✶✵ ■♥✢❛♠❡ t❤②s❡❧❢ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ t❤❡ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s ✇❤♦ ❬❛r❡❪ t❤②✳✳✳
✷✳✶✶✳✶✶ ▲❡t t❤❡ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ♣♦ss❡ss✐♥❣ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t✐♦♥ ❬❞r♦♣s❪ ✐♥✢❛♠❡ t❤❡❡✦
✽✳✾✷✳✶✻ ❲❤✐❝❤ ❢♦r t❤❡❡ ✳✳✳ ❬✐s❪ ♥♦✇ t❤❡ ✇✐♥❡ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♠♦st ♣♦✇❡r t♦
✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t❡✱ ✇✐t❤ ✇❤✐❝❤ t❤♦✉ ❝❛♥ ♥♦✇ ✐♥✢❛♠❡ ❬t❤②s❡❧❢ ❪ ✐♥t♦ ❛ r❛♣t✉r❡✱✳✳
✹✸ ✽✳✻✾✳✶ ❍❡ s❡❡❦s t♦ ♣r♦❝✉r❡ ❢♦r ②❡ t❤❡ ♥♦✉r✐s❤✐♥❣ ❞r✐♥❦ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ❜❡❛r✐♥❣
❢✉❧❧♥❡ss ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥✳
✹✹ ✽✳✻✸✳✶ ❬❤❡✱❪ ♦✈❡r ✇❤♦s❡ ❞♦♦rs ✐♥t❡❧❧✐❣❡♥t ❢❛t❤❡r ❤❛s s♠❡❛r❡❞ ❢♦r ❤✐♠s❡❧❢
✈✐s✐♦♥s✳
✹✺ ✸✳✸✷✳✶✺ ▲✐❦❡ ❛ r❛✐♥❝❧♦✉❞ ❬s♦❛❦s ♠② ❜♦❞②❪✱ ■ s♦❛❦❡❞ ❬♠②❪ s✉❜t❧❡ ❜♦❞② ❬❢♦r
Indra❪ t♦ ❞r✐♥❦❀
✶✳✶✸✵✳✷ ❉r✐♥❦ ❡✛✉s✐♥❣ t❤r♦✉❣❤ ✉s❡ ♦❢ st♦♥❡s Soma ✳✳✳ s♣r✐♥❦❧❡❞ t❤r♦✉❣❤♦✉t
s✉❜t❧❡ ❜♦❞②✦
✹✻ ✷✳✶✹✳✾ ❉♦ ✇✐❧❧✐♥❣ s❡r✈✐❝❡ t♦ t❤✐s ♦♥❡ ✖ ❣✉✐❞❡ ✉♣✇❛r❞s ✐♥ t❤❡ s♣✐♥❡ ♣✉r✐✜❡❞
✇✐t❤✐♥✱ ✐♥ t❤❡ s♣✐♥❡✱ ❬✐♥♥❡r Soma❪✦
✹✼ ✸✳✹✽✳✹ ❜❡❝♦♠✐♥❣ s✉♣❡r✐♦r t♦ Tvas..t.r ❛♥❞ ❝✐r❝✉♠st❛♥❝❡s ♦❢ ❜✐rt❤✱ st❡❛❧✐♥❣
Soma✱ ❤❡ ❞r❛♥❦ ❬✐t❪ ✐♥ t❤❡ r❡❝❡♣t❛❝❧❡s✳
✽✳✺✶✳✹ ❬❢♦r ✇❤♦♠❪ ❝♦♥s✐st✐♥❣ ♦❢ t❤r❡❡ ❝♦♠♣♦♥❡♥ts ❬❛♠❜r♦s✐❛❪ ❬✇❛s ♣❧❛❝❡❞❪
✐♥t♦ t❤❡ ❤✐❣❤❡st ❢♦♦t♣r✐♥t ❬♦❢ Vis.n
. u❪
✹✽ ✼✳✷✹✳✷ ❚❤❡ ♠✐♥❞ ✐s s❡✐③❡❞ ❢♦r t❤❡❡✱ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ Soma ❬✐s❪ t✇✐❝❡✲s✇♦❧❧❡♥✱✳✳
✹✾ ✹✳✸✶✳✻ ❲❤❡♥ ❢♦r t❤② s❛❦❡✱ ❖ Indra✱ ♣❛ss✐♦♥s r✉♥ t♦❣❡t❤❡r✱ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤
❝❛❦r❛s✱ t❤❡♥ ■ ❬✇♦✉❧❞ ❡♥❥♦② t❤❡ ❡①tr❛❝t ♦❢ t❤❡ ❤❡r❜❪ ✐♥ t❤② ❬♣r❡s❡♥❝❡❪ ❛s ❬■
❞♦ ♥♦✇❪ ✐♥ ❬t❤❡ ♣r❡s❡♥❝❡ ♦❢ ❪ s✉♥✳
✻✳✹✹✳✶✻ Indra✬s ❢❛✈♦r✐t❡ ❛♠❜r♦s✐❛ ❤❛s ❜❡❡♥ ❞r✉♥❦ ✐♥ s✉❝❤ ♠❛♥♥❡r t❤❛t ✐t
s❤❛❧❧ ❣❧❛❞❞❡♥ t❤❡ deva t♦ ❜❡ ❛❣r❡❡❛❜❧❡ t♦ ❢❡❡❧✐♥❣s✱ s♦ t❤❛t ❤❡ ✇♦✉❧❞ ❦❡❡♣
❤♦st✐❧✐t② ❛♥❞ ❛♥①✐❡t② ❛✇❛② ❢r♦♠ ✉s✳
✺✵ ✸✳✺✶✳✶✷ ▼❛② ✐t r❡❛❝❤ ✐♥t♦ t❤② t✇♦ ❝❛✈✐t✐❡s
✻✳✸✵✳✷ ❊✈❡r② ❞❛② ✏t❤❡ s✉♥✑ s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡ ♣❡r❝❡✐✈❡❞✱ ❛ s❦✐❧❧❢✉❧ ❬❛❞❡♣t❪ s❤❛❧❧ s♣r❡❛❞
t❤❡ s❡❛ts ❬♦❢ Soma❪ ❢❛r ♦✛ ❬❢r♦♠ ❡❛❝❤ ♦t❤❡r❪✳
✸✳✺✶✳✶✷ ❬♠❛② Soma r❡❛❝❤❪ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❛ s❛❝r❡❞ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛ t❤❡ ❤❡❛❞✱
.rta ■ ❬✱ Indra✱❪ s✇❡❧❧❡❞ ✇❛t❡rs ❬t❤❛t ❛r❡❪ s♣r✐♥❦❧✐♥❣ ✇❤❛t
✹✳✹✷✳✹ ■♥ t❤❡ s❡❛t ♦❢
❤♦❧❞s ❬t✇♦ Rodas✲❡s
❛♣❛rt❪ ❬❛♥❞❪ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥✱ ❛♥❞ s♦♥ ♦❢ Aditi✱ ♣♦ss❡ss✐♥❣
♦❢ .rta✱ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ .rta s❤❛❧❧ s♣r❡❛❞ ♦✈❡r t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤ ❝♦♥s✐st✐♥❣✲♦❢✲t❤r❡❡✲
❝♦♠♣♦♥❡♥ts ❬Soma❪✳
✺✶ ✸✳✺✶✳✶✷ ❬♠❛② Soma r❡❛❝❤❪ t✇♦ ❛r♠s ✳✳✳ ❢♦r t❤❡ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❧✐s❤♠❡♥t ♦❢ ❬♦✉r❪
❞❡s✐r❡✦
✺✷ ✶✳✶✼✸✳✽✳ ❙✐♥❝❡ ♣r❡ss✐♥❣s ❬♦❢ Soma❪ ✐♥ t❤❡ s❡❛ ❬❛r❡❪ ❛✉s♣✐❝✐♦✉s ❢♦r t❤❡❡✱✳✳✳
Indra ❛♥❞ Soma ✼✺

✇❛②s
✺✸ ✳ ■t ✐♥❞✉❝❡s Indra t♦ ❝♦♠❡ ♥❡❛r
✺✹ ✱ t♦ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❛❝t✐✈❡✺✺ ✱
✺✻ ✺✼
❛r♦✉s❡❞ ✱ ❛♥❞ ♠♦✈✐♥❣ ❛r♦✉♥❞ ❀ ✐t ❣✐✈❡s ❤✐♠ ✈✐❣♦✉r
✺✽ ❛♥❞ ♠❛❦❡s
✺✾
❤✐♠ ♠♦r❡ ❛❞❛♣t❛❜❧❡ t♦ t❤❡ s✐t✉❛t✐♦♥ ✳
❚❤❡ ♠♦st ♦❢t❡♥ ♠❡♥t✐♦♥❡❞ ❡✛❡❝t ♦❢ Soma ♦♥ Indra ✐s ✏✐♥✢❛♠✲
✐♥❣✑
✻✵ ✳ ❲❤❡♥ Soma ✐♥✢❛♠❡s Indra ✐♥t♦ ❛ r❛♣t✉r❡
✻✶ ✱ ✐t ❢❛s❤✐♦♥s

✺✸ ✷✳✷✷✳✶ ❍❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❛ss✐st ❤✐♠ ✖ ❬t❤❛t❪ deva ❬s❤❛❧❧ ❛ss✐st❪ ❬t❤✐s❪ deva✱ t❤❡ r❡❛❧
Indu ❬s❤❛❧❧ ❛ss✐st❪ t❤❡ r❡❛❧ Indra✳
✻✳✷✵✳✸ ❬❤❡❪ ❜❡❝❛♠❡ t❤❡ s♦✈❡r❡✐❣♥ ♦❢ ❝♦♥t❛✐♥✐♥❣ Soma ❤♦♥❡② t❤❛t ❛✐❞❡❞ t❤❡
❜r❡❛❦❡r ♦❢ ❛❧❧ str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞s
✻✳✹✹✳✷ ❲❤✐❝❤ ❬✐s❪ ❢♦r t❤❡❡✱ ❖ ✈❡r② ❝❛♣❛❜❧❡ ♦♥❡✱ ❬✐s❪ ❛ ❝❛♣❛❜❧❡ ❣✐✈❡r ♦❢ t❤❡
tr❡❛s✉r❡✱ ♦❢ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❣❡st✉r❡s✱ s✉❝❤ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ Soma ✳✳✳
✺✹ ✽✳✾✺✳✷ Pr❡ss❡❞ ♦✉t tr❛♥s❧✉❝❡♥t Soma ❥✉✐❝❡s ✐♥❞✉❝❡❞ t❤❡❡ t♦ ❝♦♠❡ ♥❡❛r
✺✺ ✸✳✸✻✳✷ ❋r♦♠ ♦❢ ♦❧❞ ❞r♦♣s ♦❢ Soma ❛r❡ ❦♥♦✇♥ t♦ ❜❡ ❢♦r Indra✱ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢
✇❤✐❝❤ t❤❡ s❦✐❧❧❢✉❧ ♦♥❡✱ ♠✉s❝✉❧❛r ❧✐❦❡ ❛ ❜✉❧❧✱ ❬❜❡❝♦♠❡s❪ ❛❝t✐✈❡✳
✺✻ ✶✳✺✳✺ ❋♦r ❞r✐♥❦❡r ♦❢ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❬Soma❪ t♦ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❛r♦✉s❡❞✱ t❤❡s❡ ❣❧❡❛♠✐♥❣
♠✐①❡❞✲✇✐t❤✲❝♦❛❣✉❧❛t❡❞✲♠✐❧❦ ❞r♦♣s ♦❢ Soma ❞♦ ✢♦✇✳
✽✳✾✸✳✷✷ ❚❤❡s❡✱ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② ✇✐✈❡s ♣r❡ss❡❞ ♦✉t Soma ❥✉✐❝❡s ❛r❡ ❡❛❣❡r t♦
❛r♦✉s❡✳
✽✳✷✳✺ ◆❡✐t❤❡r tr❛♥s❧✉❝❡♥t ♦♥❡✱ ♥♦r ♣♦♦r❧② ♠✐①❡❞ ♦♥❡ ❛r❡ ❤❡❧♣✐♥❣ t♦ s❛t✐❛t❡
❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ✐s ❡①t❡♥❞✐♥❣ ✇✐❞❡❧②❀ t❤❡② ❬❥✉st❪ ❡①tr✐❝❛t❡ t❤❡ ❜❡♥❡✈♦❧❡♥t ♦♥❡ ❬❢r♦♠
❛♣❛t❤②❪✳
✺✼ ✻✳✷✹✳✺ ❍❡ ❬✱Indra✱❪ ✇✐❧❧ ❜❡ ♠♦✈✐♥❣ ❛r♦✉♥❞ ❜② t❤❡ ❝♦♠♠❛♥❞ ♦❢ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦
t❡♥❞s ✉♣✇❛r❞s✳
✶✵✳✹✷✳✽ s❡tt✐♥❣✲✐♥✲♠♦t✐♦♥✲t❤❡✲❜✉❧❧ ♦♥❡s✱ ♣✉♥❣❡♥t Soma ❥✉✐❝❡s
✺✽ ✽✳✺✵✳✽ ❙♣❡❡❞② t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s✱ ✇❤✐❝❤ ❢♦r t❤❡❡ ❛r❡ ♥♦t ❢❛✐❧✐♥❣✱ ❞❡❧✐✈❡r t❤❡ ✈✐❣♦✉r
♦❢ t❤❡ ✇✐♥❞
✽✳✾✸✳✸✹ ▼❛② ❤❡ ✇❤♦ ♣♦ss❡ss❡s t❤❡ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r ❣✐✈❡ ❬t♦ ✉s❪ ❤✐♠
✽✳✾✷✳✶✵ ❞♦ ❥♦✉r♥❡② ❤❡r❡✱ ✐♥ ♦✉r ❞✐r❡❝t✐♦♥✱ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞✲❢♦❧❞
r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞✲❢♦❧❞ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r ❧✐❜❛t✐♦♥✦
✶✳✶✼✺✳✶ ❆ ❜✉❧❧ ❢♦r ❜✉❧❧ t❤❡❡ ✖ ♣♦ss❡ss✐♥❣ t❤❡ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r ❜❡st✲❛t✲
♣r♦❝✉r✐♥❣✲t❤♦✉s❛♥❞❬✲❣✐❢ts❪ Indu✳
✶✳✽✵✳✶ ❙✐♥❝❡ ♦♥❧② ✐♥ Soma ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t✐♦♥ t❤❡ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t♦r r❡❛❧❧② ❤❛s ❡✛❡❝t❡❞
str❡♥❣t❤❡♥✐♥❣✱ ✳✳✳ s♦ t❤❛t t❤♦✉ ✇♦✉❧❞ ✈✐❣♦r♦✉s❧② ❡①♣❡❧ t❤❡ s♥❛❦❡ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡
❊❛rt❤✱ t❤❡② ♣r❛✐s❡ ✇✐t❤ s♦♥❣s ❬t❤②❪ ❛✉t♦♥♦♠②✳
✶✳✽✵✳✷ ■♥t♦①✐❝❛t✐♥❣ ❜✉❧❧ ❞✐❞ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t❡ t❤❡❡ ✖ ❬t❤❛t❪ ♣r♦❝✉r❡❞ ❜② ❛ ❤❛✇❦
♣r❡ss❡❞ ♦✉t Soma ✇✐t❤ ✇❤✐❝❤ t❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ✈✐❣♦r♦✉s❧② str✉❝❦ Vr.tra ♦✉t ♦❢ t❤❡
✇❛t❡rs✳
✺✾ ✼✳✷✵✳✹ ❞✉r✐♥❣ ✐♥t♦①✐❝❛t✐♦♥s ❤❡ ❤❛s ❜❡❡♥ ❬♠♦st❪ ✜tt✐♥❣ ❬✇❤❡♥❪ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤
t❤❡ ❬Soma❪ ❤❡r❜✳
✻✵ ✶✳✽✵✳✻ Indra✱ ❜❡❝♦♠✐♥❣ ✐♥✢❛♠❡❞ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ❤❡r❜✱ ❡♥❞❡❛✈♦rs t♦ ♦❜t❛✐♥ ❛♥
✉♥✐♠♣❡❞❡❞ ✇❛② ❢♦r ❬❤✐s❪ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s✳
✶✳✽✷✳✺ ❇❡❝♦♠✐♥❣ ✐♥✢❛♠❡❞ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ❤❡r❜
✶✳✽✷✳✻ ●r❛s♣✐♥❣ ❬❛tt❡♥t✐♦♥❪ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❬❞r♦♣s ♦❢ Soma❪ ❤❛s ✜r❡❞ t❤❡❡ ✉♣✳
✷✳✶✶✳✶✶ ▲❡t t❤❡ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ♣♦ss❡ss✐♥❣ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t✐♦♥ ❬❞r♦♣s❪ ✐♥✢❛♠❡ t❤❡❡✦
✸✳✹✶✳✻ ❙✉❝❤ t❤♦✉ ❥✉st ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ✐♥✢❛♠❡❞ ❜② t❤❡ ❤❡r❜ t♦ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❧✐s❤ ❜② t❤②s❡❧❢
s❛t✐s❢❛❝t✐♦♥ ♦❢ str♦♥❣ ❞❡s✐r❡
✺✳✸✵✳✶✸ P✉♥❣❡♥t✱ ♣r❡ss❡❞ ♦✉t ❬❞r♦♣s ♦❢ Soma❪ ✐♥✢❛♠❡❞ Indra ❛t ♥✐❣❤t✱ ❛t
✜rst ❧✐❣❤ts ❬♦❢ ❞❛✇♥❪ ✖ ❬❛✇❛②❪ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ✉♥❝❡rt❛✐♥t②✳
✽✳✹✺✳✶✹ ❡✈❡♥ ❬✇❤❡♥ t❤♦✉ ❛r❡ ❛❧r❡❛❞②❪ ♣r♦♠✐♥❡♥t✱ ♠❛② t❤❡ ❞r♦♣s ♦❢ Soma
✐♥✢❛♠❡ t❤❡❡✳✳✳ ❡t❝✳
✻✶ ✽✳✾✷✳✶✻ ❲❤✐❝❤ ❢♦r t❤❡❡ ✳✳✳ ❬✐s❪ ♥♦✇ t❤❡ ✇✐♥❡ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♠♦st ♣♦✇❡r t♦
✼✻ Indra ❛♥❞ deva✲s

❢♦r ❤✐♠ ❛♥ ❡✛❡❝t✐✈❡ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t

✻✷ ✖
Indra ❜❡❝♦♠❡s ❛ ❞❡str♦②❡r ♦❢
✻✸
♦❜st❛❝❧❡s ✱ ❛♥❞ ❛ ✇❛r❧✐❦❡ s❧❛②❡r ♦❢ Vr.tra ✻✹ ✳
❆♥♦t❤❡r ♠❡♥t✐♦♥❡❞ ♣r♦♣❡rt② ♦❢ Soma✱ ✇❤✐❝❤ ✐s ✏❦♥♦✇✐♥❣ ❛ ♣❛t❤
t♦ ✉♥❞❡rst❛♥❞✐♥❣✑
✻✺ ✱ ✏s❡❡✐♥❣ ❛❧❧ ♣❧❛❝❡s ♦❢ ❡①✐st❡♥❝❡✑ ✻✻ ✱ ❛♥❞ ✏❤❛✈✲
✐♥❣ ❝♦rr❡❝t ♥♦t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣✑
✻✼ ✱ ✐s ✏♣r♦✈✐❞✐♥❣ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t✐♦♥ ❢♦r
Indra✑ ✻✽ ✖ t❤✉s ✐♥s♣✐r✐♥❣ Indra ✻✾ ❛♥❞ r♦✉s✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝♦♥✲
tr♦❧
✼✵ ✖ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t❤❛t tr❛♥s❢♦r♠s ♣✉r❡ ❛♥❣❡r ✐♥t♦ t❤❡ ❞✐✈✐♥❡
✇r❛t❤✳

❆♥♦t❤❡r ❡✛❡❝t ♦❢ Soma ♦♥ Indra ✐s t♦ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥ ❤✐♠✼✶ ✱ t♦ ♠❛❣✲

✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t❡✱ ✇✐t❤ ✇❤✐❝❤ t❤♦✉ ❝❛♥ ♥♦✇ ✐♥✢❛♠❡ ❬t❤②s❡❧❢❪ ✐♥t♦ ❛ r❛♣t✉r❡✱✳✳
✻✷ ✶✳✶✷✶✳✶✷ ❲❤✐❝❤ ♣♦ss❡ss✐♥❣ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t✐♦♥ ❬Soma❪ Uśanas Kāvya ❣❛✈❡ t♦ t❤❡❡✱
❬t❤❛t❪ ❤❛s ❢❛s❤✐♦♥❡❞ ❤❡❧♣✐♥❣✲t❤r♦✉❣❤ Vr.tra✲s❧❛②✐♥❣ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✳
✶✳✺✼✳✷ ❲❤❡♥ t❤❡ ❞❡❧✐❣❤t❡❞✲✐♥ ❬Soma❪ ❛s ✐❢ ❤❛s ✇❤❡tt❡❞ ✐ts❡❧❢ ✐♥❬s✐❞❡❪ t❤❡
❦♥♦tt② ♦♥❡✱ ❬t❤❡♥❪ Indra✬s t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t ✇✐❧❧ ❜❡ ❡♥❝❤❛♥t✐♥❣ ♣✐❡r❝❡r✳
✻✸ ✶✳✹✳✽ ❉r✐♥❦✐♥❣ ✐t t❤♦✉ ❜❡❝❛♠❡ t❤❡ ❞❡str♦②❡r ♦❢ ♦❜st❛❝❧❡s
✻✹ ✶✳✶✼✸✳✺ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② t❤❡ ❜✉❧❧✱ ❤❡ ✐s ♠♦r❡ ✇❛r❧✐❦❡ t❤❛♥ ❡✈❡♥ ❢❛❝✐♥❣ ❬❤✐♠
Vr.tra❪
✸✳✺✷✳✼ ❍❡ ✇❤♦ ❤❛s ❢♦✉♥❞ ❬Soma❪ ✳✳✳ ❬✐s❪ ❛ s❧❛②❡r ♦❢ Vr.tra✳
✻✺ ✸✳✹✵✳✷ ❡♥❥♦② ❦♥♦✇✐♥❣✲❛✲♣❛t❤✲t♦✲✉♥❞❡rst❛♥❞✐♥❣ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ Soma
✻✻ ✶✳✶✵✽✳✶ ❲❤♦ ❢♦r ②♦✉ t✇♦✱ ❖ Indra ❬❛♥❞❪ Agni✱ ✐s t❤❡ ♠♦st ❝♦♥s♣✐❝✉♦✉s
❝❤❛r✐♦t✱ ❤❡ ❝❛sts ❛ ❦✐♥❞ ❧♦♦❦ ✉♣♦♥ ❛❧❧ ♣❧❛❝❡s ♦❢ ❡①✐st❡♥❝❡✳
✻✼ ✻✳✹✷✳✸ ■❢ ②❡ ❛tt❡♥❞ t♦ ❬❤✐♠❪ ✇✐t❤ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ Soma ❞r♦♣s✱ ❤❡✱ ♣♦ss❡ss✐♥❣ ♦❢
♠❡♥t❛❧ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱ ✇♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ ❝♦rr❡❝t ♥♦t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣✱
✻✽ ✽✳✾✷✳✶✻ ❲❤✐❝❤ ❢♦r t❤❡❡ ✳✳✳ ❬✐s❪ ♥♦✇ t❤❡ ✇✐♥❡ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♠♦st ♣♦✇❡r t♦
✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t❡✱ ✇✐t❤ ✇❤✐❝❤ t❤♦✉ ❝❛♥ ♥♦✇ ✐♥✢❛♠❡ ❬t❤②s❡❧❢❪ ✐♥t♦ ❛ r❛♣t✉r❡✱✳✳
✶✳✶✼✺✳✺ ❙✐♥❝❡ t❤❡ ✇✐♥❡ ❢♦r t❤❡❡ ✐s t❤❡ ♠♦st ✜❡r② ♦♥❡ ❛♥❞ ❬✐ts❪ r❡s♦✉r❝❡❢✉❧♥❡ss
✐s t❤❡ ♠♦st ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t✐♥❣ ❬♦❢ ❞✐✣❝✉❧t✐❡s❪✱ t❤♦✉✱ t❤❡ ❜❡st ❛t ♣r♦❝✉r✐♥❣ ❤♦rs❡s✱
❝❛♥ t❤✐♥❦ ✇✐t❤ ❬t❤❡ ❤❡❧♣ ♦❢❪ Vr.tra✲s❧❛②✐♥❣ ✜♥❞✐♥❣✲♠❡♥t❛❧✲s♣❛❝❡ ❬✇✐♥❡❪✳
✻✳✹✹✳✶ ✇❤✐❝❤ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t✐♥❣ ❬❞r♦♣s ♦❢ ♣✉r❡ Soma❪ ❤❛s t❤❡ ♠♦st
♣♦✇❡r t♦ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t❡✱ s✉❝❤ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ Soma ✳✳✳
✸✳✹✵✳✼ ■♥❡①❤❛✉st✐❜❧❡ ♣♦✇❡rs t♦ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t❡ ♦❢ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ✐s ✐♥ ♣♦ss❡ss✐♦♥ ♦❢
t❤❡ s♣✐♥❛❧ ❝♦r❞ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥② Indra✳
✻✾ ✶✳✺✸✳✻ t❤♦s❡ ❙♦♠❛ ❬❞r♦♣s❪ ❬✐♥s♣✐r❡❞ t❤♦s❡ ♠❛♥❧② ❞❡❡❞s❪ ❞✉r✐♥❣ ❦✐❧❧✐♥❣s ♦❢

✼✵ ✶✵✳✶✶✷✳✺ ❍❡ r♦✉s❡s t❤② ❜❡❛r✐♥❣✲❢✉❧❧♥❡ss ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝♦♥tr♦❧

Vr.tra

✶✳✺✺✳✹ ❏✉st ❤❡✱ ❬✇❤♦ ✐s❪ ✐♥ ❛ ✇♦♦❞❡♥ ❬❝✉♣❪✱ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ♠❛❦✐♥❣ ❤♦♠❛❣❡
❬✇♦rs❤✐♣❡rs❪ ♠✉r♠✉rs✱ ✐♥❞✐❝❛t✐♥❣ ❡st❡❡♠❡❞ ❛♠♦♥❣ ♣❡♦♣❧❡ ♣♦✇❡r ♦✈❡r ❛❢✲
❢❡❝t✐♦♥s✳
✽✳✾✷✳✶✼ ✇❤✐❝❤ ❢♦r t❤❡❡ ✳✳✳ ✐s ❜❡st ❛t ❬♠❛✐♥t❛✐♥✐♥❣❪ ❝♦♥❝❡♥tr❛t✐♥❣✲❛tt❡♥t✐♦♥
❛✉❞✐t♦r② ✐♠♣r❡ss✐♦♥
✼✶ ✷✳✶✶✳✶ ❙✐♥❝❡ t❤❡s❡ ✐♥✈✐❣♦r❛t✐♥❣ ❬❧✐❜❛t✐♦♥s❪ ♠❛❦❡ t❤❡❡ str♦♥❣❡r✱ ❬t❤❡②✱❪ s❡❡❦✲
✐♥❣ ✇❤❛t✬s ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧✱ ❬❛r❡❪ ❧✐❦❡ ✢♦✇✐♥❣ r✐✈❡rs✳
✽✳✶✷✳✷✵ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ✐s ❜❡st ❛t ❞r✐♥❦✐♥❣ Soma ✖ ✇✐t❤ Soma ❥✉✐❝❡s✱ ❬❛♥❞❪ ✇✐t❤
✐♥✈♦❝❛t✐♦♥s t❤❡② ❤❛✈❡ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥
✷✳✶✾✳✶✳ ■t ✇❛s ✐♠❜✐❜❡❞ ✖ ❬❛ ❞r❛✉❣❤t❪ ♦❢ t❤✐s ❤❡r❜ ✖ ❢♦r ❛♥ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t✐♦♥✱
❖ ❧❡❛r♥❡❞ ♦♥❡s✱ ❬❛ ❞r❛✉❣❤t❪ ♦❢ ❡✛✉s✐♥❣ ❞❡❧✐❣❤t✱ ❡①✐st✐♥❣ ❢r♦♠ ♦❧❞❡♥ t✐♠❡s✱
✐♥ ✇❤✐❝❤ Indra✱ ❜❡❝♦♠✐♥❣ str♦♥❣❡r✱ ❡st❛❜❧✐s❤❡❞ ❬❤✐s❪ ❛❜♦❞❡
✷✳✶✶✳✶✶ ❚❤♦s❡ ❬❞r♦♣s❪ t❤❛t ♥♦✉r✐s❤ t❤② t✇♦ ❝❛✈✐t✐❡s ✖ ❧❡t t❤❡♠ ♠❛❦❡ t❤❡❡
str♦♥❣❡r✦
Indra ❛♥❞ Soma ✼✼

♥✐❢②✼✷ ❛♥❞ t♦ ❡♠♣♦✇❡r✼✸ ✱ t♦ ❣✐✈❡ ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ str❡♥❣t❤✼✹ ❛♥❞ t♦

❢❛❝✐❧✐t❛t❡ ❢♦r❝❡❢✉❧♥❡ss✼✺ ✳
❍❛✈✐♥❣ ❞r✉♥❦ Soma✱ Indra ❜❡❝♦♠❡s ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t❡❞ ❛♥❞ s❧❛②s Vr.tra
❛♥❞ t❤❡ s♥❛❦❡✼✻ ♦r ❞r✐✈❡s t❤❡♠ ♦✉t ♦❢ t❤❡ ✐♥♥❡r ✇❛t❡rs✼✼ ✱ t❤✉s
s✇❡❧❧✐♥❣ t❤❡ ✇❛t❡rs✱ ♦❜t❛✐♥✐♥❣ t❤❡♠✱ ❛♥❞ ❢r❡❡✐♥❣ t❤❡♠ t♦ ✢♦✇✼✽ ✳
❲❤❡♥ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t❡❞ ❜② Soma✱ Indra ❣✐✈❡s t♦ ❤✐s ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡rs ❛s✲
s✐st❛♥❝❡✼✾ ✱ ❣✐✈❡s t❤❡♠ t❤❡ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✽✵ ✱ ✐♠♣❛rts ❛♥ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡
t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✽✶ ✱ r❡♣❡❧s t❤❡✐r ♠❡♥t❛❧ ♦❜s❝✉r❛t✐♦♥s ❛♥❞ ✐♠♣♦s❡❞ ❝♦♥✲
str❛✐♥ts✽✷ ✱ ❛♥❞ ❞❡❧✐✈❡rs t❤❡ ❥♦② ♦❢ Soma ✽✸ ✳ ❖t❤❡r ❡✛❡❝ts ♠❡♥✲
✼✷ ✽✳✺✾✳✶ ❚❤❡s❡ ❣✐✈✐♥❣ ❢♦rt✉♥❡ ❬❞r♦♣s❪ ✢♦✇ ❢♦rt❤ ❢♦r ②♦✉ t✇♦✱ Indra✕Varun
❖ . a✱
t♦ ♠❛❣♥✐❢② ②♦✉ t✇♦ ❛t Soma ❧✐❜❛t✐♦♥s✳
✶✵✳✹✸✳✼ Soma ❬❞r♦♣s❪ ❬s✇❡❧❧❪ Indra ❧✐❦❡ ❜r♦♦❦s ❬✢♦✇✐♥❣ t♦✇❛r❞s❪ ❛ ♣♦♦❧✳✳✳
✼✸ ✸✳✹✸✳✺ ✇♦✉❧❞ t❤❡❡ ✇✐s❤ ❢♦r ♠② s❛❦❡ t♦ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❡♠♣♦✇❡r❡❞ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ❜❡♥❡✲
✜❝✐❛❧ ❬q✉❛❧✐t✐❡s❪ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❛♠❜r♦s✐❛❄
✼✹ ✼✳✾✽✳✸ ❍❛✈✐♥❣ ❜❡❡♥ ❜♦r♥✱ t❤♦✉ ❞r❛♥❦ Soma ❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣
str❡♥❣t❤
✼✺ ✻✳✹✷✳✷ ❢❛❝✐❧✐t❛t✐♥❣ ❢♦r❝❡❢✉❧♥❡ss ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❞r♦♣s ♦❢ Soma
✼✻ ✻✳✹✼✳✷ P❛❧❛t❛❜❧❡ ♦♥❡ ❤❛s ❜❡❝♦♠❡ t❤❡ s✇❡❡t❡st ✖ t❤✐s ❤❡r❡ ✇❤✐❝❤ Indra ❤❛s
r❡✈❡❧❡❞ ✐♥ t♦ s❧❛② Vr.tra
✺✳✷✾✳✸ Indra ❞r✐♥❦✐♥❣ ✐t s❧❛②❡❞ t❤❡ s♥❛❦❡✳
✺✳✷✾✳✼ ❚♦ s❧❛② Vr.tra✱ Indra s❤❛❧❧ ❞r✐♥❦ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❙♦♠❛ ✖ t❤r❡❡ ❝❤❛♥♥❡❧s
♦❢ ❛ ♠❛♥ ❛t t❤❡ s❛♠❡ t✐♠❡✳
✼✼ ✶✳✽✵✳✷ ■♥t♦①✐❝❛t✐♥❣ ❜✉❧❧ ❞✐❞ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t❡ t❤❡❡ ✖ ❬t❤❛t❪ ♣r♦❝✉r❡❞ ❜② ❛ ❤❛✇❦
♣r❡ss❡❞ ♦✉t Soma ✇✐t❤ ✇❤✐❝❤ t❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ✈✐❣♦r♦✉s❧② str✉❝❦ Vr.tra ♦✉t ♦❢ t❤❡
✇❛t❡rs✳
✻✳✼✷✳✸ ❖ Indra ❛♥❞ Soma✱ ②♦✉ t✇♦ ❞r✐✈❡ ❛✇❛② ♦❜str✉❝t✐♥❣ ✇❛t❡rs s♥❛❦❡✱
❬❛♥❞❪ Vr.tra❀
✼✽ ✼✳✽✷✳✸ ❖ Indra✕Varuna✱ ✐♥ ✐♥t♦①✐❝❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ t❤✐s ♦♥❡✱ ✇❤♦ ❤❛s t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦
.
❢r❛♠❡ ❬✐❞❡❛s ❛♥❞ ♣❡r❝❡♣t✐♦♥❪✱ ②♦✉ t✇♦ s✇❡❧❧❡❞ ❞❡♣❧❡t❡❞ ❬✇❛t❡rs❪✳
✶✳✶✵✵✳✶✽ ❍❡✱ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ✇❤✐t✐s❤ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s s❤❛❧❧ ♦❜t❛✐♥ t❤❡ s♣❛❝❡✱ ❤❡
s❤❛❧❧ ♦❜t❛✐♥ t❤❡ s✉♥✱ ❤❡✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ q✉✐❝❦ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✱ s❤❛❧❧ ♦❜t❛✐♥ t❤❡ ✇❛t❡rs✳
✻✳✼✷✳✸ ❨♦✉ t✇♦ ❬✱Indra ❛♥❞ Soma✱❪ ❜r✐♥❣ ❢♦rt❤ ✢♦✇✐♥❣ ✇❛t❡rs✬ ✢♦♦❞s✱ ②♦✉
t✇♦ ❤❛✈❡ ✜❧❧❡❞ ♠❛♥② s❡❛s✳
✶✳✺✻✳✻ ✐♥ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❬Soma❪ t❤♦✉ s❡t ❢r❡❡ t❤❡ ✇❛t❡rs✱ t❤♦✉
❝♦♠♣❧❡t❡❧② ❜r♦❦❡ ✐♥t♦ ♣✐❡❝❡s st♦♥❡ r❛♠♣❛rts ♦❢ Vr.tra✳
✹✳✷✽✳✶ ❲♦✉❧❞ Indra✱ ❥♦✐♥❡❞ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡❡✱ ❬❛♥❞❪ ✐♥ t❤❛t ❝❛s❡ ✐♥✲t✉♥❡ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡❡✱
❖ Soma✱ ♠❛❦❡ t❤✐s ❢♦r ❛♥ ✐♥t❡❧❧✐❣❡♥t ♠❛♥✿ t❤❡ ✇❛t❡rs str❡❛♠✐♥❣✦
✼✾ ✶✳✶✸✸✳✼ ❚♦ ❬❤✐♠✱ ✇❤♦ ✐s❪ ❡✛✉s✐♥❣ ❬✐♥♥❡r Soma❪✱ Indra ❣✐✈❡s t❤❡ ❛ss✐st✐♥❣
❬❣✐❢t❪✱
✶✳✽✵✳✻ Indra✱ ❜❡❝♦♠✐♥❣ ✐♥✢❛♠❡❞ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ❤❡r❜✱ ❡♥❞❡❛✈♦rs t♦ ♦❜t❛✐♥ ❛♥
✉♥✐♠♣❡❞❡❞ ✇❛② ❢♦r ❬❤✐s❪ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s✳
✶✵✳✹✽✳✹ ❢♦r ❛ ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡r ■ ✏❣r✐♥❞ ❞♦✇♥✑ ♠❛♥② t❤♦✉s❛♥❞s ✖ ✇❤❡♥ Soma
❞r♦♣s ♦❢ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ✐s ✉tt❡r✐♥❣ ✈❡rs❡s ✐♥✢❛♠❡ ♠❡✳
✽✵ ✶✳✶✸✵✳✶ ❉✐s♣❡♥s✐♥❣ ❞❡❧✐❣❤ts ✐♥ t❤❡ ♣r❡s❡♥❝❡ ♦❢ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❬Soma❪✱ ✇❡ ❝❛❧❧
✉♣♦♥ t❤❡❡ ❧✐❦❡ s♦♥s ❬✉♣♦♥❪ t❤❡ ❢❛t❤❡r ✖ t♦ ♦❜t❛✐♥ t❤❡ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r
✽✶ ✻✳✹✸✳✹ ❇❡❝♦♠✐♥❣ ✐♥✢❛♠❡❞ ❢r♦♠ ✇❤♦s❡ ❤❡r❜ t❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ r❡♥❞❡r❡❞ ❧✐❜❡r❛❧✐t②
✐♥t♦ ❛♥ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡ t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱ t❤❛t Soma
✽✷ ✻✳✼✷✳✶ ②♦✉ t✇♦ ❬✱Indra ❛♥❞ Soma✱❪ r❡♣❡❧❧❡❞ ❛❧❧ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ♦❜s❝✉r❛t✐♦♥s ❛♥❞
✐♠♣♦s❡❞ ❝♦♥str❛✐♥ts✳
✽✸ ✶✳✽✶✳✻ ❲❤♦ ❞❡❧✐✈❡rs t♦ ❛ ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡r t❤❡ s♦✉r❝❡ ♦❢ ♣❧❡❛s✉r❡ ❢♦r ❛ ♠♦rt❛❧ ♦❢
✼✽ Indra ❛♥❞ deva✲s

t✐♦♥❡❞ ❛r❡ ✏❛♥✐♠❛t✐♥❣ ❢♦rt✐✜❡❞ str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞s✑

✽✹ ✱ ✉♥❝♦✈❡r✐♥❣ ❝♦✇✲
✽✺ ✽✻ ✽✼
s❤❡❞s ✱ ❝❛✉s✐♥❣ tr✐❜❡s t♦ ♠✐❣r❛t❡ ✱ ❛♥❞ ❞♦✐♥❣ ✇❤❛t✬s r❡❛❧ ✳
❚♦ Indra ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡rs✱ Soma ✐s✱ ✐♥ ❣❡♥❡r❛❧✱ ❛✉s♣✐❝✐♦✉s
✽✽ ❛♥❞
✽✾
❜r✐♥❣✐♥❣ ❣♦♦❞ ❢♦rt✉♥❡s ✳ ▼♦r❡ s♣❡❝✐✜❝❛❧❧②✱ ✐t ❜r✐♥❣s ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣
str❡♥❣t❤
✾✵ ✱ t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡ ♦❢ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ❡✛❡❝ts✾✶ ✱ ❛♥❞ ✐s ♥♦✉r✐s❤✐♥❣ t♦
✾✷
t❤❡ ❜♦❞② ✳ Soma tr❛♥s❢❡rs✱ ♣r♦♠♦t❡s ❛♥❞ ❣r❛♥ts ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❛♥❞ ❜♦❞✲
✾✸ ✾✹
✐❧② ✈✐❣♦✉r ✱ ❛♥❞ ❡♠♣❧♦②s t❤❡ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r ✳ ■t ❛❧s♦ st✐♠✉❧❛t❡s
✏t❤❡ t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s✑
✾✺ ✳

❖♥ t❤❡ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❧❡✈❡❧✱ Soma ❛❝ts ❢♦r Indra ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡rs ❛s ❛ ❣✉✐❞✲

✐♥❣ s♣✐r✐t
✾✻ ✳ ■t ❦❡❡♣s ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡rs ❛✇❛❦❡
✾✼ ✱ r❡♠♦✈❡s ❝♦♠✐♥❣ ❢r♦♠
deva✲s ❛♥❞ ❞❡♠♦♥s ❤♦st✐❧✐t✐❡s
✾✽ ✱ ❛♥❞ ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡rs✬ ♦✇♥ ❧❛❝❦✐♥❣ ♣❡r✲

t❤❡ t❡♥❞✐♥❣ ✉♣✇❛r❞s ♦♥❡

✶✳✶✷✶✳✶✸ ❚❤♦✉✱ t❤❡ ✐♥❝✐t❡r✱ s❤❛❧❧ ♠❛❦❡ ♠❡♥ ❡♥❥♦② t❤❡ ❜❛② ♠❛r❡s
✽✹ ✷✳✶✼✳✶ ✐♥ Soma✬s ✐♥t♦①✐❝❛t✐♦♥ ❤❡ ❜r♦✉❣❤t t♦ ❧✐❢❡ ❢♦rt✐✜❡❞ str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞s✳
✽✺ ✸✳✹✸✳✼ ✐♥ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ✇❤✐❝❤ t❤♦✉ ✉♥❝♦✈❡r❡❞ ❝♦✇s❤❡❞s
✽✻ ✸✳✹✸✳✼ ✐♥ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ✇❤✐❝❤ t❤♦✉ ❝❛✉s❡❞ t❤❡ tr✐❜❡s t♦ ♠✐❣r❛t❡
✽✼ ✻✳✷✼✳✷ ■♥ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ✐t ✇❤❛t ✐s r❡❛❧✱ ✐♥ ❞r✐♥❦✐♥❣ ♦❢ ✐t ✇❤❛t ✐s r❡❛❧✱ ✐♥
❤✐s ♣❛rt♥❡rs❤✐♣ ✇✐t❤ ✐t Indra ❤❛s ❞♦♥❡ ✇❤❛t ✐s r❡❛❧✳
✽✽ ✽✳✺✹✳✼ t❤❡ ❜❧❡ss✐♥❣s ❛r❡ ✐♥ t♦✲❜❡✲❝♦♥❞✉❝t❡❞✲✉♣✇❛r❞s ♦♥❡
✶✳✽✸✳✸ ❆✉s♣✐❝✐♦✉s ❬✐s t❤✐s❪ ❡♥❡r❣② ❢♦r ♣r❡ss✐♥❣ ❬Soma❪ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡r✳
✽✾ ✶✳✹✳✻ ❆♥❞ ❬❧❡t❪ t❤❡ t❡♥❞✐♥❣ ✉♣✇❛r❞s ♦♥❡ ❬❜r✐♥❣ t♦❪ ✉s ❣♦♦❞ ❢♦rt✉♥❡s✳
✾✵ ✶✵✳✹✹✳✹ ✐♥t❡❧❧✐❣❡♥t ♣r♦t❡❝t♦r ❬✇❤♦ ✐s❪ t❤❡ ♣✐❧❧❛r ♦❢ str❡♥❣t❤
✶✳✺✺✳✽ ❤❡ ✐s ❢❛♠❡❞ t♦ ♣✉t ✐♥✈✐♥❝✐❜❧❡ ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ str❡♥❣t❤ ✐♥t♦ ❜♦❞✐❡s
✶✳✶✼✺✳✷ ▼❛② ♦✉r ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t✐♥❣ ❜✉❧❧ ♠❛❦❡ ❛♥ ❛♣♣❡❛r❛♥❝❡ ❢♦r t❤② s❛❦❡ ✖ t❤❡
t♦✲❜❡✲♣r❡❢❡rr❡❞ ❬t♦ ❛❧❧ ♦t❤❡rs❪ ✇✐♥❡ ❬t❤❛t ✐s❪ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣
str❡♥❣t❤✱ ❧❛❞❡♥ ✇✐t❤ s♣♦✐❧s✱ ♣r❡✈❛✐❧✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❜❛tt❧❡s✱ ✐♠♠♦rt❛❧✳
✾✶ ✶✳✽✶✳✷ ❢♦r Soma✲♣r❡ss❡r t❤② tr❡❛s✉r❡ ✐s ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥t
✽✳✹✺✳✶✶ ❚❤♦✉❣❤ ♠♦✈✐♥❣ q✉✐❡t❧②✱ ❖ st♦♥❡✲✇✐❡❧❞❡r✱ ❬Soma ❞r♦♣s❪ ❬❛r❡❪
❛❜♦✉♥❞✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❤♦rs❡s✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡ ♦❢ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ❬❡✛❡❝ts❪✱ ♥♦✉r✐s❤✐♥❣✱
✐♥❝♦♠♣❛r❛❜❧❡✳
✾✷ ✽✳✽✶✳✶ ◆♦✇✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❧❛r❣❡ ❤❛♥❞s✱ ❞♦ ❣r❛s♣ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ r✐❣❤t ❬❤❛♥❞❪ ♦✉r ♥♦✉r✲
✐s❤✐♥❣ ❝❛♣t✉r✐♥❣ ❛tt❡♥t✐♦♥ ❬♦♥❡❪ ✖ ♦♥❡ ✇❤♦ s❡✐③❡s
✽✳✹✾✳✷ ❆s ❬str❡❛♠s❪ ❢r♦♠ ❛ ♠♦✉♥t❛✐♥✱ ❥✉✐❝❡s ♦❢ t❤✐s ♦♥❡ s✇❡❧❧ ♠✉❝❤✲
♥♦✉r✐s❤✐♥❣ ❛❧❧♦tt❡❞ ♣♦rt✐♦♥s ❬♦❢ t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡❪✳
✾✸ ✽✳✾✷✳✶✼ t❤❡ ✇✐♥❡ ✇❤✐❝❤ ❬✐s❪ t❤❡ ♠♦st ❡♥❞♦✇✐♥❣ ✇✐t❤ ✈✐❣♦✉r
✶✵✳✶✹✹✳✹ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ✇❤✐❝❤ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❛♥❞ ❜♦❞✐❧② ✈✐❣♦✉r ✐s tr❛♥s❢❡rr❡❞✱ ❧✐❢❡✲
❢♦r❝❡ ❬❢♦r ✉s❪ t♦ ❧✐✈❡✱ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ✇❤✐❝❤ ❦✐♥s❢♦❧❦ r❡♠❛✐♥❡❞ ✇❛t❝❤❢✉❧
✶✵✳✶✻✵✳✶ ♣r♦♠♦t✐♥❣ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❛♥❞ ❜♦❞✐❧② ✈✐❣♦✉r
✾✹ ✽✳✸✳✶✺ ❬Soma ❞r♦♣s✬❪ s✐❞❡✲❡✛❡❝ts ❞♦ ♥♦t t❛♣❡r ♦✛❀ ❬t❤❡② ❛r❡❪ ❧✐❦❡ ❝❤❛r✐♦ts
✖ ❡♠♣❧♦②✐♥❣ t❤❡ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✳
✾✺ ✶✵✳✾✻✳✼ ♣❛❧❡✲②❡❧❧♦✇ ❬❥✉✐❝❡s❪ s❤❛❧❧ ✐♥❝✐t❡ t✇♦ ♣r♦♠♣t t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s ❢♦r t❤❡ st❡❛❞✲
❢❛st ♦♥❡✳
✾✻ ✶✵✳✾✾✳✷ ❙✐♥❝❡ ✇✐t❤ ❛ s❤✐♥✐♥❣ ❧✐❣❤t♥✐♥❣ ❤❡ ❛r♦✉s❡s sāman✱ ✉s✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r
♦❢ ❜❡✐♥❣ ❛ ❣✉✐❞✐♥❣ s♣✐r✐t ❤❡ ❤❛s s❡tt❧❡❞ ✐♥ t❤❡ ❜r♦❛❞ ✇♦♠❜✳
✾✼ ✸✳✸✼✳✽ ❚♦ ❤❡❧♣ ✉s✱ ❞r✐♥❦ t❤❡ ♠♦st ✜❡r②✱ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t✐♥❣✱ ❦❡❡♣✐♥❣ ❬✉s❪ ❛✇❛❦❡

✽✳✾✷✳✷✸ ❦❡❡♣✐♥❣ ❬✉s❪ ❛✇❛❦❡ ♦♥❡

Soma

✾✽ ✶✳✶✸✸✳✼ s✐♥❝❡ t❤❡ ❡✛✉s✐♥❣ ♦♥❡ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❛ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡ ❛❧✇❛②s r❡♠♦✈❡s ❤♦s✲
t✐❧✐t✐❡s✱ t❤❡ ❤♦st✐❧✐t✐❡s ♦❢ deva✲s
Indra ❛♥❞ Soma ✼✾

❝❡♣t✐✈❡♥❡ss ❡♥♠✐t✐❡s✾✾ ❛♥❞ ❤❛tr❡❞s ✶✵✵ t❤❛t ❛r❡ ✐♥ t❤❡ ❤❡❛rts ♦❢

♠❡♥✶✵✶ ✳ ❚♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ Soma Indra str✐❦❡s ❛t ♠❛❧❡✈♦❧❡♥❝❡ ❛♥❞
❡✈✐❧✶✵✷ ✱ ❞❡str♦②s ❞❡❢❡♥s✐✈❡♥❡ss ❛♥❞ ❛❧❧✲❝♦♥s✉♠✐♥❣ ❢❡❛rs ❛♥❞ t❤❡✐r
str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞s ✶✵✸ ✳ Soma s✉❜❞✉❡s ♦r s❧❛②s ✐♠♣✉❧s❡s t♦ s✉✛❡r ✇❛♥t✶✵✹ ✳
Soma ✐s ❜② ✐ts❡❧❢ ❞✐s♣❛ss✐♦♥❛t❡✶✵✺ ✱ ❜✉t ❝❛♥ ❛❧❧❛② str♦♥❣ ❡♠♦t✐♦♥s
❜② ♠❛❦✐♥❣ ♦♥❡ ❛✇❛r❡ ♦❢ t❤❡♠✶✵✻ ✳ ❉r✐♥❦✐♥❣ Soma Indra ❤❡❧♣s ♣r❛❝✲
t✐❝❡s ♦❢ Indra ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡rs t♦ ♠❛t✉r❡✶✵✼ ✱ ❛♥❞✱ ✐t s❡❡♠s✱ ❝❛♥ ❡✛❡❝t t❤❡
st❛t❡ ♦❢ ♣s②❝❤❡t❛❝❤✐❛✶✵✽ ✳ Soma ✐s ❝♦♥❞✉❝✐✈❡ t♦ s♣❡❡❝❤✶✵✾ ❛♥❞ t♦
❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s ✐♥ ♣❛rt✐❝✉❧❛r✶✶✵ ✳
■♥ t❤❡ r❡❛❧♠ ♦❢ t❤❡ s✉❜t❧❡ ❜♦❞② Soma ✐s ❡①♣r❡ss❡❞ ❛s ❛ ❝♦❧✉♠♥
♦❢ t❡♥s✐♦♥ ❛♥❞ str❡♥❣t❤✶✶✶ ❛❧♦♥❣ t❤❡ s♣✐♥❡✶✶✷ ✱ ♠❛❦✐♥❣ ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡r

✶✳✶✺✺✳✷ ❤❡ ✇❤♦ ❞r✐♥❦s ♣r❡ss❡❞ ♦✉t ❬❥✉✐❝❡❪ ✇❛♥ts t♦ r❡str❛✐♥ ②♦✉ t✇♦✱ ✇❤♦
❬✱✐♥ t✉r♥✱❪ ❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ♠♦rt❛❧✱ ✇♦✉❧❞ ✇❛♥t t♦ ❤✐♥❞❡r ✇❤❛t ✐s ❜❡✐♥❣
✜tt❡❞ ✖ ❛♥ ❛rr♦✇ ♦❢ s❤♦♦t❡r Kr.śānu
✾✾ ✼✳✶✵✹✳✶ ❬❖ Indra ❛♥❞ Soma✱❪ ❝r✉s❤✱ ❜✉r♥ ❞♦✇♥ ❧❛❝❦✐♥❣ ♣❡r❝❡♣t✐✈❡♥❡ss ❡♥✲
♠✐t✐❡s✦
✶✵✵ ✽✳✶✸✳✷✶ ■❢ t❤♦✉ ✇♦✉❧❞ ♣r❡❢❡r ♠② ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s❤✐♣✱ ❞r✐♥❦ t❤✐s ❤❡r❜ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s
♦❢ ✇❤✐❝❤ ✇❡ ✇❡♥t ❜❡②♦♥❞ ❛❧❧ ❤❛tr❡❞s✦
✶✵✶ ✽✳✷✳✶✷ ❲❤❡♥ t❤❡② ❬✱ ❞r♦♣s ♦❢ Soma❪ ❤❛✈❡ ❜❡❡♥ ❞r✉♥❦✱ t❤❡② ✜❣❤t ✐♥ t❤❡
❤❡❛rts ❬♦❢ ♠❡♥❪ ❧✐❦❡ ♠❛❞ ❝♦♥❝❡♣t✐♦♥s ❬❞♦❪ ✇❤❡♥ ✇✐♥❡ ❬❤❛s ❜❡❡♥ ❞r✉♥❦❪
✶✵✷ ✼✳✶✵✹✳✷ ❖ Indra ❛♥❞ Soma✱ ❬✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t❡❪ t❤♦r♦✉❣❤❧② ♠❛❧❡✈♦❧❡♥❝❡✱ ❬✐rr❛❞✐❛t❡❪
❡✈✐❧✱ ♠❛② t❤✐s ❤❡❛t ❦❡❡♣ ✇❛r♠✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡♠❪ ❧✐❦❡ ❛ ♣♦t ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ✜r❡ ❬✐♥s✐❞❡❪✳
✶✵✸ ✼✳✶✵✹✳✶ ❖ Indra ❛♥❞ Soma✱ ❞❡str♦② ✇✐t❤ ❤❡❛t t❤❡ ❞❡❢❡♥s✐✈❡♥❡ss✱ s✉❜❞✉❡
❬✐t❪✦
✼✳✶✵✹✳✶ ❬❖ Indra ❛♥❞ Soma✱❪ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ❤❡❧♣ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❜✉❧❧ t❛❦❡ ❞♦✇♥ ❬t❤❡
❞❡❢❡♥s✐✈❡♥❡ss❪ ❬t❤❛t ✐s❪ ✐♥❝r❡❛s✐♥❣ ❞❛r❦♥❡ss✦
✼✳✶✵✹✳✶ ❬❖ Indra ❛♥❞ Soma✱❪ str✐❦❡✱ r❡♠♦✈❡✱ ♣✉t t♦ r❡st ❛❧❧✲❝♦♥s✉♠✐♥❣ ❢❡❛rs✦
✽✳✶✼✳✶✹ t❤❡ ❞r♦♣ ✇✐❧❧ r❡♥❞ ❛s✉♥❞❡r ♥✉♠❡r♦✉s str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞s
✶✵✹ ✽✳✺✵✳✽ ❬t❤❡②❪ ✇✐t❤ ✇❤✐❝❤ t❤♦✉ ❤✉s❤ ♠❛♥✬s ✐♠♣✉❧s❡ t♦ s✉✛❡r ✇❛♥t✱ ✇✐t❤
✇❤✐❝❤ t❤♦✉ ❣♦ ❛❜♦✉t svàr✳
✶✵✳✾✾✳✽ ❲❤❡♥ ❤❡ ✇✐❧❧ ♣❤②s✐❝❛❧❧② ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤ t❤❡ ❞r♦♣ ♦❢ ♣✉r❡st Soma✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣
✐r♦♥ ❝❧❛✇s ❤❛✇❦ ❬✇♦✉❧❞❪ s❧❛② t❤❡ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡✲t♦✲s✉✛❡r✲✇❛♥t✳
✶✵✺ ✶✵✳✼✸✳✻ t❤♦✉ s❡t ♦✉t ✇✐t❤ ❤❡❧♣✐♥❣✲✐♥✲❞✐r❡✲str❛✐❣❤ts ❞✐s♣❛ss✐♦♥❛t❡ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✲
✐♦♥s
✶✵✻ ✶✵✳✽✾✳✺ ❘❡❛❝❤✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❝♦r❡ ♦❢ ❬♦♥❡✬s❪ r❛❣❡ ❬❤❡ ✐s❪ ❝♦♥❞✉❝✐✈❡ t♦ ❛❧❧❛②✐♥❣ ✐t ❜②
♣❧❛❝✐♥❣ ❜❡❢♦r❡ ❬♦♥❡✬s ♠✐♥❞ ✐ts s♦✉r❝❡❪✳
✶✵✼ ✺✳✷✾✳✶✶ ❘✐♣❡♥✐♥❣ ✇❤❛t ✐s ❜❡✐♥❣ ✏❝♦♦❦❡❞✑✱ t❤♦✉ ❞r❛♥❦ Soma ♦❢ t❤✐s ♦♥❡
✶✵✽ ✹✳✷✽✳✷ ❲✐t❤ t❤❡❡ ❛s ❛ ②♦❦❡♠❛t❡✱ ✇♦✉❧❞ ❤❡✱ Indra✱ ❛t t❤❛t ✈❡r② ♠♦♠❡♥t
❢♦r❝❡❢✉❧❧② ♣r❡ss ❞♦✇♥ s✉♥✬s ✇❤❡❡❧✱ ❖ Indu✱ ❬t❤❛t ✐s❪ r♦❧❧✐♥❣ t❤r♦✉❣❤ ❛ ✈❛st
♣❧❛t❡❛✉✦
✶✵✾ ✶✳✺✺✳✹ ●❛t❤❡r✐♥❣ ❬❧✐❦❡ ❛ st♦r♠❪ ❜✉❧❧ ❜❡❝♦♠❡s ❞❡❧✐❣❤t❡❞✲✐♥ ❜✉❧❧ ✇❤❡♥ ❤❡✱
❣❡♥❡r♦✉s✱ ❛t ❡❛s❡✱ ✐♥❢✉s❡s str❡♥❣t❤ ✐♥t♦ t❤❡ ♠✐❧❝❤ ❝♦✇✳
✶✶✵ ✼✳✷✶✳✶ ❈❡❧❡st✐❛❧ ❝♦♥❞✉❝✐✈❡✲t♦✲❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡✲❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s ❤❡r❜
✶✶✶ ✽✳✶✼✳✶✹ ❆ st❛❜❧❡ ❝♦❧✉♠♥ ❬✐s❪ t❤❡ s✉♣♣♦rt ♦❢ s❤♦✉❧❞❡rs ♦❢ ❝♦♠r❛❞❡s✲✐♥✲Soma❀
✶✶✷ ✶✵✳✾✾✳✸ ❞✉r✐♥❣ ❣❛✐♥✐♥❣ ♦❢ svàr ❤❡✱ str❡❛♠✐♥❣✱ s❤❛❧❧ s❡tt❧❡ ❛❧❧ ❛r♦✉♥❞ ❬t❤❡
❤✉♥❞r❡❞✲❞♦♦r ♣❛ss❛❣❡❪
❛✇❛r❡ ♦❢ ✐t
✶✶✸ ❛♥❞ ❝❛❦r❛s ❛❧♦♥❣ ✐t✶✶✹ ✳ ■t ❛❧s♦ ❞✐r❡❝ts ♠♦✈❡♠❡♥t ♦❢
✏t❤❡ s♥❛❦❡✑ ❛❧♦♥❣ t❤❡ s♣✐♥❡
✶✶✺ ✱ ❝❧❡❛♥s❡s t❤❡ tr❛❝❦ ♦❢ ✐t ✇❤❡♥ s❡❡❦✐♥❣
✶✶✻
Indra ✱ ❛♥❞ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st✐♥❣ ♥♦✉r✐s❤✐♥❣ ✐♥♥❡r str❡❛♠s ✐♥ t❤❡ ♣s②❝❤♦✲
♣❤②s✐♦❧♦❣✐❝❛❧ s♣❛❝❡
✶✶✼ ✱ ❛♥❞✱ ♣❛rt✐❝✉❧❛r❧②✱ ✐♥ t❤❡ man.ipūra ❝❛❦r❛✶✶✽ ✳

Indra ❛♥❞ Marut✲s

Indra ✐s ♦❢t❡♥ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② Marut✲s✶ ✳ ❍✐s ❛❝t✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❤❛r♠♦♥②
✷
✇✐t❤ Marut✲s ✱ ❡s♣❡❝✐❛❧❧② ✇❤❡♥ ❞r✐♥❦✐♥❣ Soma✱ ✐s ❡♠♣❤❛s✐③❡❞ ✳
✸
✹ ✺
Marut✲s ❛✉❣♠❡♥t Indra ✱ ❤❡❧♣ ❤✐♠ s❧❛② Vr.tra ❛♥❞ ✇✐♥ ❜❛tt❧❡s ✳ ✻
✼
❚❤❡② ❞♦ t❤✐s ❜② str❡♥❣t❤❡♥✐♥❣ Indra ✐♥ ❣❡♥❡r❛❧ ❛♥❞ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥✐♥❣
❤✐s ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ✐♥❝r❡❛s❡ ✐♥ s✐③❡ ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r ♦✈❡r ❛✛❡❝t✐♦♥s ✱ ❛♥❞
✽

✶✶✸ ✶✵✳✾✾✳✸ ❲❤❡♥ ♥♦t✲♦❜str✉❝t❡❞✱ ❤❡ ❬❣✐✈❡s❪ t❤❡ ❦♥♦✇❧❡❞❣❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞✲❞♦♦r

❬♣❛ss❛❣❡❪
✶✶✹ ✻✳✹✼✳✸ t❤✐s✱ ❢❛❝✐❧✐t❛t✐♥❣ ❝♦♥t❡♠♣❧❛t✐♦♥s ♦♥❡✱ ♠❛r❦❡❞ ♦✛ s✐① s♣❛❝❡s ✖ ❬t❤❡r❡
✐s❪ ♥♦ ✐♥ ❛♥② ✇❛② ❛ ♣❧❛❝❡ ♦❢ ❡①✐st❡♥❝❡ ❢❛r ❛✇❛② ❢r♦♠ t❤♦s❡✳
✶✶✺ ✶✵✳✶✹✹✳✹ ✇❤♦ ✐s ❬❧✐❦❡❪ ❛ tr❛❝❦ ❢♦r t❤❡ s♥❛❦❡
✶✶✻ ✶✵✳✸✷✳✺ ❬▼♦✈✐♥❣❪ t♦✇❛r❞s ②♦✉✱ ❤❡✱ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ t❤❡ deva✱ ❡♠♣t✐❡s t❤❡ tr❛❝❦✳
✶✶✼ ✽✳✸✷✳✷✷ ■t s❤❛❧❧ ❦❡❡♣ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st✐♥❣ ♥♦✉r✐s❤✐♥❣ str❡❛♠s ❬❢♦r t❤❡❡❪
✶✵✳✹✸✳✻ ❚❤❡ ❜✉❧❧ s❤❛❧❧ ❦❡❡♣ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st✐♥❣ ♥♦✉r✐s❤✐♥❣ str❡❛♠s ♦❢ t❤❡ ❢♦❧❦s✳
✻✳✹✼✳✹ Soma ❤❛s ♠❛✐♥t❛✐♥❡❞ ✇✐❞❡ ✐♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ s♣❛❝❡
✶✶✽ ✻✳✹✹✳✹✹ Soma ❤❛s ♠❛✐♥t❛✐♥❡❞ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❡♥✲t❤♦♥❣s s♣r✐♥❣
✶ ✶✳✶✵✶✳✶ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② Marut✲s ❬❜✉❧❧❪
✸✳✹✼✳✷ ❆❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❛♥❞ ❛❝t✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❤❛r♠♦♥② ✇✐t❤ Marut✲s✱✳✳
✷ ✸✳✻✷✳✷ ❆❝t✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❤❛r♠♦♥② ✇✐t❤ Marut✲s✱ ❖ Indra✕Varuna✱ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥
.
❛♥❞ t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤✱ ❞♦ ❧✐st❡♥ t♦ ♠② ✐♥✈♦❝❛t✐♦♥✦
✸ ✸✳✸✷✳✷ ❆❝t✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❤❛r♠♦♥② ✇✐t❤ ♣❡r❢♦r♠✐♥❣✲❛✲s❛❝r❡❞✲❢♦r♠✉❧❛ ❤❛✈✐♥❣✲Marut✲
s✬✲tr❛✐t tr♦♦♣ ✖ ✇✐t❤ Rudra✲s ✖ ❤❡ s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ ❜❡❡♥ s❛t✐❛t❡❞✳
✸✳✸✺✳✾ ❛❝t✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❤❛r♠♦♥② ✇✐t❤ t❤❡♠✱ ❡❛❣❡r❧② ❞❡s✐r✐♥❣ t❤✐s✱ ❞r✐♥❦ t❤❡ Soma
✇✐t❤ Agni✲s t♦♥❣✉❡✱ ❖ Indra✦
✸✳✸✺✳✾ ❲❤✐❝❤ Marut✲s t❤♦✉ ❝❛✉s❡❞ t♦ s❤❛r❡ ✐♥ t❤❡ Soma✱ ❖ Indra✱ ✇❤✐❝❤
str❡♥❣t❤❡♥❡❞ t❤❡❡✱ t❤❡② ❜❡❝❛♠❡ t❤② tr♦♦♣❀
✽✳✶✷✳✶✻ ❲❤❡♥ ❬t❤♦✉ ❞r✐♥❦❪ Soma✱ ❖ Indra✱ ✐♥ ❬t❤❡ ❝♦♠♣❛♥② ♦❢❪ Vis.n.u ♦r
✇❤❡♥✱ ❡s♣❡❝✐❛❧❧②✱ ✐♥ ❬t❤❡ ❝♦♠♣❛♥② ♦❢❪ Trita Āptya ♦r ✇❤❡♥ ✐♥ ❬t❤❡ ❝♦♠♣❛♥②
♦❢❪ Marut✲s✱ ②♦✉ ❣❡t ❞r✉♥❦ ♦♥ ❬❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥②✐♥❣ t❤❡♠❪ ❞r♦♣s ❬♦❢ ✐♥♥❡r Soma❪
✹ ✶✵✳✼✸✳✶ Marut✲s ❛❧s♦ ❛✉❣♠❡♥t Indra
✺ ✶✳✽✵✳✶✶ ❊✈❡♥ t❤❡s❡ t✇♦ ❣r❡❛t ♦♥❡s q✉✐✈❡r ✇✐t❤ ❢❡❛r ❛t t❤② r❛❣❡ ✇❤❡♥ t❤♦✉
✈✐❣♦r♦✉s❧②✱ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② Marut✲s✱ ❞❡str♦② Vr.tra
✻ ✽✳✾✻✳✼ ▼❛② t❤❡r❡ ❜❡ t❤② ❢r✐❡♥❞s❤✐♣ ✇✐t❤ Marut✲s✱ ❖ Indra✱ t❤❡♥ ②♦✉ ❬✇✐❧❧❪
✇✐♥ ❛❧❧ t❤❡s❡ ❜❛tt❧❡s✦
✼ ✸✳✹✼✳✹✳ ❬t❤❡②✱❪ ✇❤♦ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥❡❞ t❤❡❡ ❞✉r✐♥❣ s❧❛②✐♥❣ ♦❢ t❤❡ s♥❛❦❡✱ ❖ ❣❡♥✲
❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡✱ ✇❤♦ ✖ ❞✉r✐♥❣ ❬❝❛♠♣❛✐❣♥ ❛❣❛✐♥st❪ Śambara✱ ✇❤♦ ✖ ✐♥ ❢♦r❛② ❢♦r
❝♦✇s ✳✳✳
✸✳✸✺✳✾ ❲❤✐❝❤ Marut✲s t❤♦✉ ❝❛✉s❡❞ t♦ s❤❛r❡ ✐♥ t❤❡ Soma✱ ❖ Indra✱ ✇❤✐❝❤
str❡♥❣t❤❡♥❡❞ t❤❡❡✱ t❤❡② ❜❡❝❛♠❡ t❤② tr♦♦♣❀
✽ ✶✵✳✶✶✸✳✸ ❲❤❡♥ t❤♦✉✱ ❜❡❛r✐♥❣ ✇❡❛♣♦♥s✱ st♦♦❞ st✐❧❧ ✐♥ ♦r❞❡r t♦ ✜❣❤t ✇✐t❤ t❤❡
s♥❛❦❡✱ ✇✐t❤ Vr.tra ✖ t♦ ✉♥❞❡rst❛♥❞ t❤❡ s♣❡❧❧✱ ❛❧❧ Marut✲s✱ ✐♥❞❡❡❞ ❥♦✐♥t❧②✱
str❡♥❣t❤❡♥❡❞ t❤② ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ✐♥❝r❡❛s❡ ✐♥ s✐③❡✱ ❬❛♥❞❪ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r ♦✈❡r ❛✛❡❝t✐♦♥s✱✳✳
❛❧s♦ ❜② ❣✐✈✐♥❣ Indra ❢r❡♥③②✾ ❛♥❞ st✐rr✐♥❣ ✉♣ ❤✐s ♠❛♥❧② ✈✐❣♦✉r✶✵ ✳

❉✉r✐♥❣ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡s t♦ Indra✱ Marut✲s s♦♠❡t✐♠❡s ♣❧❛② t❤❡ r♦❧❡ ♦❢

❢♦r♠✉❧❛t♦rs✶✶ ✱ ♦r ❞r✐♥❦✐♥❣ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s ♦❢ Indra✶✷ ✳

Marut✲s s✐♥❣ ♣r❛✐s❡s t♦ Indra ❞✉r✐♥❣ ✜❣❤t✐♥❣✶✸ ❛♥❞ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t❡

Indra✬s ♣r❡s❡♥❝❡ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ s♣❡❡❝❤✶✹ ✳ ■♥ ❤✐s t✉r♥✱ Indra ✐s ❛ s❡❡r
❢♦r Marut✲s✶✺ ✱ tr❡❛ts t❤❡♠ ❛s s♦♥s✶✻ ✇❤♦ ❧♦♥❣ ❢♦r ❤✐s r❡s♦✉r❝❡❢✉❧✲
♥❡ss✶✼ ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ✐♥❝r❡❛s❡ ✐♥ s✐③❡✶✽ ✳

✾ ✸✳✹✼✳✸ ✇❤♦ ❬st♦♦❞❪ ❜② t❤❡❡ ✖ t❤♦✉ ❞✐❞ str✐❦❡ Vrtra✱ ❬❛♥❞❪ t❤❡② ❣❛✈❡ t❤❡❡ ❛
.
❢r❡♥③②
✶✵ ✸✳✸✷✳✹ ■t ✇❡r❡ t❤❡② ✇❤♦ ❤❛✈❡ st✐rr❡❞ ❤✐s s✇❡❡t ❬♠❛♥❧② ✈✐❣♦✉r❪ ✖ Indra✬s
✢♦❝❦ ✇❤♦ ✇❡r❡ Marut✲s✱ ✇✐t❤ ✇❤♦♠ ❤❡✱ ❞r✐✈❡♥✱ ❤❛s ❢♦✉♥❞ ✈✉❧♥❡r❛❜❧❡ s♣♦t
♦❢ Vr.tra t❤❛t ✇❛s t❤♦✉❣❤t t♦ ❜❡ ✐♥✈✉❧♥❡r❛❜❧❡✳
✶✶ ✺✳✷✾✳✸ ❆♥❞ ♠❛② Indra✱ ❖ Marut✲s✕❢♦r♠✉❧❛t♦rs✱ ❞r✐♥❦ ♦❢ ✇❡❧❧✲♣r❡ss❡❞ Soma
❢♦r ♠② s❛❦❡✦
✽✳✽✾✳✸ ❘❡❝✐t❡ ②♦✉r ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥ ❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ ❧♦❢t② ❬st❛t❡ ♦❢❪ Indra✱ ❖
Marut✲s✦
✶✷ ✸✳✹✼✳✸ ❞r✐♥❦ ♦✉r ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ Soma✱ ❖ Indra✱ ✇✐t❤ ❝❡❧❡st✐❛❧ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s ✇❤✐❝❤
t❤♦✉ ❝❛✉s❡❞ t♦ s❤❛r❡ ❬t❤❡ Soma❪ ✖ Marut✲s
✶✸ ✶✳✺✷✳✶✺ ■♥ t❤✐s ♠❛tt❡r✱ ✐♥ ❛ s✐♠✐❧❛r ✜❣❤t✐♥❣ ♠❛t❝❤✱ Marut✲s s❛♥❣ ♣r❛✐s❡s✱ ❛❧❧
deva✲s r❡❥♦✐❝❡❞ ♦✈❡r t❤❡❡✱ ✇❤❡♥ ✇✐t❤ s♣✐❦❡❞ ❞❡❛❞❧② ✇❡❛♣♦♥ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱
❤❛✈❡ str✉❝❦ ✇✐t❤✐♥✱ t♦✇❛r❞s t❤❡ ❢❛❝❡ ♦❢ Vr.tra✳
✶✹ ✺✳✷✾✳✶ ❍❛✈✐♥❣ r❡✜♥❡❞ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ♣♦✇❡r Marut✲s ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t❡ t❤❡❡ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢
s♣❡❡❝❤
✺✳✷✾✳✻ ❲❤❡♥ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t t❤❡ ♠✉♥✐✜❝❡♥t ♦♥❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❝✉t s✐♠✉❧t❛✲
♥❡♦✉s❧② ♥✐♥❡ ❛♥❞ ♥✐♥❡t② ❝♦✐❧s ♦❢ t❤✐s ♦♥❡ ✐♥t♦ ♣✐❡❝❡s✱ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ s♣❡❡❝❤
Marut✲s ❬✇♦✉❧❞❪ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t❡ Indra ✐♥ t❤❡ ♠❡❡t✐♥❣ ♣❧❛❝❡✳
✶✺ ✺✳✷✾✳✶ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ♠❡♥t❛❧ s❝❤❡♠❛s ❢♦r ❛♥ ❡✛❡❝t✐✈❡ ❝♦♥t❡♠♣❧❛t✐♦♥✱ t❤♦✉ ❛r❡ t❤❡✐r
s❡❡r✱ ❖ Indra✦
✶✻ ✶✳✶✵✵✳✺ ❍❛✈✐♥❣ ♣r❡✈❛✐❧❡❞ ♦✈❡r ❤♦st✐❧❡s ✐♥ ♦✈❡r♣♦✇❡r✐♥❣✲♦❢✲♠❡♥ ❬s❡t✉♣❪✱ ✇✐t❤
Rudra✲s ❤❡ ❬✐s❪ ♣r✉❞❡♥t ❛s ✐❢ ✇✐t❤ s♦♥s✳
✶✼ ✶✳✶✻✺✳✼ ❥✉st ❬❛s❪ ♠❛♥② ❬❞❡❡❞s❪ ✇❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❬②❡t❪ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❧✐s❤✱ ✇❡✱ ❖ Marut✲s✱
s❤❛❧❧ ✇✐s❤ ❬t♦ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❧✐s❤❪ t❤r♦✉❣❤ ❬②♦✉r❪ r❡s♦✉r❝❡❢✉❧♥❡ss
✶✽ ✸✳✸✶✳✶✼ ✇❤❡♥ ❧✐❦❡✲♠✐♥❞❡❞ ♦♥❡s✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❛♠✐❛❜❧❡✱ str❛✐❣❤t✲❣♦✐♥❣ ♦♥❡s ❬❛r❡❪
❛r♦✉♥❞ t♦ ♣❧✉❝❦ t❤② ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ✐♥❝r❡❛s❡✲✐♥✲s✐③❡ ❬❢♦r t❤❡✐r ♦✇♥ ❡①♣❛♥s✐♦♥❪✳
Indra ❛♥❞ Agni
❇♦t❤ Indra ❛♥❞ Agni ❞r✐♥❦ Soma ✱ ❜♦t❤ s❧❛② Vr.tra ✳ Agni ❢❛❝✐❧✲
✶ ✷
✐t❛t❡s ❜♦t❤ ❞❡❡❞ ❢♦r Indra ❛♥❞ ❜r✐♥❣s ❤✐♠ t♦ t❤❡♠ ✳ ❇♦t❤ ❤❡❧♣ ✸
✇♦rs❤✐♣❡rs t♦ ♦❜t❛✐♥ ❛ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r ✱ t♦ ♣r❡✈❛✐❧ ♦✈❡r s❡♥s❡s ✱ ❛♥❞
✼ ✽
t♦ ♦❜t❛✐♥ ♠❡♥t❛❧ s❤❡❧t❡r ✳ ❚❤✉s ❜♦t❤ ❛r❡ ♦❢t❡♥ ❝❛❧❧❡❞ t♦ ❛ s❛❝r✐✲
✶✵
✜❝❡ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ❛♥❞ s❡✈❡r❛❧ ❤②♠♥s ❛r❡ ❞❡❞✐❝❛t❡❞ t♦ t❤❡♠ ❛s ❛ ♣❛✐r
✶✶
✭✶✳✶✵✽✱✸✳✶✷✱✻✳✺✾✱✻✳✻✵✱✼✳✾✸✱✼✳✾✹✱✽✳✸✽✱✽✳✹✵✮✳
Indra ❛♥❞ Vis.n.u
Vis.n.u ❛❝t✐✈❡❧② ✐♥✢✉❡♥❝❡s s❛❝r✐✜❝❡s t♦ Indra ❛♥❞ Indra✬s ✜❣❤ts ✇✐t❤
vr.tra✲s ✖ ❜② ♠❛❦✐♥❣ ❛ ✇✐❞❡ str✐❞❡ t♦ t❤❡ t❤✐r❞ st❡♣ ✖ t❤❡
✶ ✷

✶ ✶✳✷✶✳✶ ❚❤♦s❡ t✇♦ ❬Indra ❬❛♥❞❪ Agni❪✱ ❜❡st Soma✲❞r✐♥❦❡rs✱ ❬✇✐s❤❪ Soma✳
✸✳✶✷✳✶ ❖ Indra✕Agni✱ ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ✇✐t❤ ❝❤❛♥ts t♦ ❜❡ ♣r❡❢❡rr❡❞ ❬t♦
❛❧❧ ♦t❤❡rs❪ ✈❛♣♦r✦ ❉r✐✈❡♥ ❜② ❛ ✈✐s✐♦♥✱ ❞r❛✇ ✐t ✐♥✦
✸✳✶✷✳✷ ❚❤✐s ✇❛② ❞r❛✇ ✐♥ t❤❡ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❬Soma❪✦
✽✳✻✾✳✶✶ Indra ❞r❛♥❦✱ Agni ❞r❛♥❦✱ ❛❧❧ deva✲s ❜❡❝❛♠❡ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t❡❞ ✳✳✳
✷ ✸✳✶✷✳✹ ■ ❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥ t❤❡ t✇♦ ❛♠❛ss✐♥❣ ♦♥❡s✱ s❧❛②✐♥❣ Vr.tra✱ ✈✐❝t♦r✐♦✉s✱ ✉♥❝♦♥✲
q✉❡r❡❞ ♦♥❡s✱ ❜❡st ❛t ♦❜t❛✐♥✐♥❣ t❤❡ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r ♦♥❡s ✖ Indra✕Agni✳
✼✳✾✸✳✶ s❧❛②✐♥❣ Vr.tra Indra✕Agni
✼✳✾✹✳✶✶ ❲✐t❤ r❡❝✐t❡❞ ✈❡rs❡s ❬t❤❡② ✇♦rs❤✐♣❪ t✇♦ ❜❡st s❧❛②❡rs ♦❢ Vr.tra ✇❤♦
❛r❡ ❛❧♠♦st ❜❡❝♦♠✐♥❣ ✐♥✢❛♠❡❞ ❤❡r❡ ❜② ❛ ❝❤❛♥t✱ ✇✐t❤ ❧♦✉❞ ❤②♠♥s ♦❢ ♦♥❡
✇❤♦ s❡❡❦s t♦ ♣r♦❝✉r❡ ❬t❤❡♠❪✳
✸ ✸✳✺✸✳✹ ❆♥❞ ✇❤❡♥❡✈❡r ✇❡ ✇❡r❡ t♦ ❡①tr❛❝t Soma✱ Agni ✇✐❧❧ r✉♥ ❛s ❛ ♠❡ss❡♥✲
❣❡r t♦✇❛r❞s t❤❡❡✳
✹✳✷✶✳✺ ❲❤♦ ❝❛✉s❡s ♦♥❡ t♦ s✉st❛✐♥ r❡✈❡r❡♥❝❡ ❞✉r✐♥❣ ❬❛♥ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❪ r❡✈❡r✲
❡♥❝❡✱ ❬❤❡❪ r♦✉s❡s s♣❡❡❝❤✱ ❡♥❣❡♥❞❡r✐♥❣ ❬✐t❪ ❢♦r ♠❛❦✐♥❣ ❛ ✜r❡ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣✱ ❬✇❤♦✱❪
♠❛❦✐♥❣ ❬t❤♦s❡ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣s❪ ✜t✱ ❛❞♦r❡❞ ❜② ♠❛♥②✱ ❤❡✱ t❤❡ ✐♥✈♦❦❡r✱ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤
❬s♦♠❡❪ ✈❡rs❡s ❝♦✉❧❞ ❜r✐♥❣ Indra t♦ ❬t❤❡s❡❪ s❡❛ts✳
✽✳✹✵✳✻ ❉♦ t❤♦✉ ❬✱ ❖ Agni✱❪ ❝❛✉s❡ ❬Indra❪ t♦ ❞❡str♦② t❤❡ ✈✐❣♦✉r ♦❢ t❤❡ ✜❡♥❞✹ ✱
s♦ t❤❛t ✇❡ ❝❛♥ ❛♣♣♦rt✐♦♥ ♣r❡♣❛r❡❞ ❜❡♥❡✜t✺ ♦❢ t❤✐s ♦♥❡✻ t♦ Indra✦
✼ ✼✳✾✸✳✶ ■ ❦❡❡♣ ❤♦♥♦r✐♥❣ ✇✐t❤ ❛ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡ ②♦✉ ❜♦t❤✱ ❬Indra✕Agni✱❪ ✇❤♦ ❛r❡
❡❛s② t♦ s✉♠♠♦♥✱ ✇❤♦ ❛r❡ ❜❡st ❛t ❣✐✈✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❛♥ ✐♥st❛♥❝❡ t❤❡ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r
t♦ t❤❡ ♦♥❡ ✇❤♦ ❞❡s✐r❡s ❬✐t❪✦
✽ ✼✳✾✹✳✼ ❖ Indra✕Agni✱ ❝♦♠❡ ❤❡r❡ ✇✐t❤ t❤❛t ❤❡❧♣ t❤❛t ❢♦r ✉s ♣r❡✈❛✐❧s ♦✈❡r
t❤♦s❡ t❤❛t ❞r❛✇ t♦ t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s✾ ✦
✶✵ ✶✳✷✶✳✻ ❞♦ r❡❛❧❧② ✇❛t❝❤ ♦✈❡r ❛✛♦r❞✐♥❣ ❛ ✇✐❞❡ ✈✐❡✇ ❢♦♦t♣r✐♥t✱ ❖ Indra ❬❛♥❞❪
Agni✱ str❡t❝❤ ♦✉t ❛ s❤❡❧t❡r ❬❢♦r ✉s❪✦
✼✳✾✹✳✽ ❖ Indra✕Agni✱ str❡t❝❤ ♦✉t ❛ s❤❡❧t❡r ❬❢♦r ✉s❪✦
✶✶ ✼✳✾✹✳✶✵ ❲❤❡♥ Soma ✐s ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❤❡r❡✱ t❤❡ ♠❡♥ ❤♦♥♦r Indra✕Agni✱ t❤♦s❡
s❡❡❦✐♥❣ t♦ s❡r✈❡ ✖ t❤❡ t✇♦ ✇❤♦ ❤❛✈❡ st❡❡❞s
✽✳✸✽✳✼ ❉♦ ❝♦♠❡ ❤❡r❡✱ ❖ ❬②♦✉❪ t✇♦ ❬✱Indra✕Agni✱❪ ✳✳✳ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ❛r✐s✐♥❣
❛t ❞❛②✲❜r❡❛❦ deva✲s
✽✳✸✽✳✶✵ ■ ♣r❡❢❡r t❤❡ ❤❡❧♣ ♦❢ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② Sarasvatı̄ Indra✕Agni ❢♦r ✇❤♦♠
❬t❤✐s❪ ❤②♠♥ ✐♥ t❤❡ Gāyatrı̄ ♠❡t❡r ✐s r❡❝✐t❡❞✳
✶ ✹✳✶✽✳✶✶ ❚❤❡♥ Indra✱ ✇❤♦ ✇❛s ❛❜♦✉t t♦ s❧❛② Vr.tra✱ s❛✐❞✱ ✏❖ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥
Vis.n
. u✱ ❞♦ str✐❞❡ ❬t❤❡ st❡♣ t❤❛t ✐s❪ ❧❡❛❞✐♥❣ ❢❛t❤❡r ♦✛ ✦✑
✷ ✶✳✶✷✶✳✶ ❍❡✱ ❜❡✐♥❣ ✐♥str✉♠❡♥t❛❧ ✐♥ ♣r♦❝❡❡❞✐♥❣ ♦♥ ✐ts ✇❛② ❬s❛❝r✐✜❝❡❪✱ s❤♦✉❧❞
❤❛✈❡ ♠❛❞❡ ❛ ✇✐❞❡ str✐❞❡✳
Indra ❛♥❞ Vis.n.u ✽✸

✸
♦♥❡ ✇❤✐❝❤ ✐s ❛❜♦✈❡ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ✱ t❤❡ ♦♥❡ ✇❤❡r❡❢r♦♠ ❛❧❧ deva✲s
✹
❡♠❡r❣❡ ✳ ❇② ♠❛❦✐♥❣ t❤❡ str✐❞❡✱ Vis . n.u ❛❧❧♦✇s ❡♠❡r❣✐♥❣ Indra t♦
✺ ✼
♣❡rs✐st ✱ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥s Indra✬s ✏t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s✑ ❛♥❞ ❤✐s ♣♦✇❡r t♦
✽
✐♥❝r❡❛s❡ ✐♥ s✐③❡ ✳ ❚♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ Indra Vis.n.u ❝r❡❛t❡s ✇✐❞❡ ♠❡♥t❛❧
✾ ✶✵
s♣❛❝❡ ❛♥❞ ❢❛❝✐❧✐t❛t❡s ❝r❡❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❣❡st✉r❡s ✱ ✇✐❞❡♥s ♣s②❝❤♦✲
♣❤②s✐♦❧♦❣✐❝❛❧ s♣❛❝❡ ❛♥❞ t❤❡ r❡❣✐♦♥s ✐♥ ❣❡♥❡r❛❧
✶✶ ✳
Vis.n.u ❛❧s♦ ♣❧❛②s ❛ r♦❧❡ ✐♥ ❝❧❡❛♥s✐♥❣ Soma ❥✉✐❝❡✶✷ ❛♥❞ ✐♥ ❡①tr❛❝t✲
✶✸
✐♥❣ ✐♥♥❡r Soma ❢♦r Indra ✳ ❍❡ ❛❧s♦ ❤❡❧♣s Indra t♦ ❣❡t ❞r✉♥❦ ♦♥
Soma ✳✶✹

Vis.n.u ❝❛♥ ❜❡ ✐♥ ❛ q✉✐t❡ ✈❡❤❡♠❡♥t ❝♦♥✢✐❝t ✇✐t❤ Indra✶✺ ✳ ❍❡ ❝❛♥

❛❧s♦ st❡❛❧ ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡r✬s ♠✐♥❞s❡t ❛✇❛② ❢r♦♠ Indra
✶✻ ✖ s✐♥❝❡ Visnu
..
♠✐❣❤t ❛❝t✐✈❡❧② ♦♣♣♦s❡ t❤❡ ❣r❡❛t ❝❤❛♥❣❡s ✐♥ t❤❡ ❜♦❞② ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ♠✐♥❞
t❤❛t t❤❡ st❛t❡ ♦❢ Indra ✐♥❞✉❝❡s✳
❆ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡r t♦ Indra ❝❛♥ ❜❡ ❤❡s✐t❛♥t t♦ ❛❧❧♦✇ Vis.n.u✬s str✐❞❡ t♦

✸ ✶✳✶✺✺✳✸ ❚❤❡ s♦♥ ✐♠♣r✐♥ts t❤❡ ❧♦✇❡r ❬❢♦♦t♣r✐♥t❪ ❬❛♥❞❪ t❤❡ ❤✐❣❤❡r✲t❤❛♥✲t❤❡✲
❢❛t❤❡r ♦♥❡✱ ❝❛❧❧❡❞ t❤❡ t❤✐r❞✱ ❛❜♦✈❡ t❤❡ ❧✉♠✐♥♦✉s s♣❤❡r❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥✳
✹ ✹✳✶✽✳✶ ❚❤✐s ❬✐s❪ ❛♥ ❛❧r❡❛❞② ❦♥♦✇♥ ❛♥❝✐❡♥t ♣❛t❤ ✇❤❡r❡❢r♦♠ ❛❧❧ deva✲s ❞✐❞
❡♠❡r❣❡✳
✺ ✽✳✻✸✳✾ ❆t t❤✐s ❜✉❧❧✬s ❜✉r♥✲♦✉t ❤❡✻ s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ ♠❛❞❡ ❛ ✇✐❞❡ st❡♣ ❢♦r ❬t❤❡
❜✉❧❧❪ t♦ ❧✐✈❡✳
✼ ✽✳✶✷✳✷✼ Vis.n
❲❤❡♥ ❢♦r t❤② s❛❦❡ .u ❡♥❡r❣❡t✐❝❛❧❧② ❤❛s str♦❞❡ ♦✉t t❤❡ t❤r❡❡
st❡♣s✱ ♦♥❧② ❛❢t❡r ❬t❤❛t❪ t❤② t✇♦ ❞❡❧✐❣❤t❡❞✲✐♥ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s ❤❛✈❡ ❣r♦✇♥ str♦♥❣✳
✽ ✶✵✳✶✶✸✳✷ ❚❤❛t ❤✐s ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ✈✐❣♦r♦✉s❧② ✐♥❝r❡❛s❡ ✐♥ Vis.n
s✐③❡ . u ❬str❡♥❣t❤❡♥❡❞❪
✾ ✻✳✻✾✳✺ ❖ Indra ❛♥❞ Visnu✱ t❤✐s ②♦✉r ❛st♦♥✐s❤✐♥❣ ✇✐❞❡ s♣❛❝❡ ②♦✉ t✇♦ ❤❛✈❡
..
❝r❡❛t❡❞ ✐♥ t❤❡ r❛♣t✉r❡ ♦❢ Soma
✶✵ ✻✳✻✾✳✷ Indra Vis.n
❬❍❡r❡ ❛r❡❪ t✇♦ r❡❝❡✐✈✐♥❣ ❙♦♠❛ ❥❛rs✱ ❖ ❛♥❞ . u✱ ✇❤✐❝❤ ❛r❡
t❤❡ ♣r♦❣❡♥✐t♦rs ♦❢ ❛❧❧ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❣❡st✉r❡s✳
✶✶ ✻✳✻✾✳✺ Indra Vis.n
❨♦✉ t✇♦ ❬✱ ❖ ❛♥❞ . u✱❪ ♠❛❞❡ t❤❡ ✐♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ s♣❛❝❡ ✇✐❞❡r✱
str❡t❝❤❡❞ t❤❡ r❡❣✐♦♥s ❢♦r ✉s t♦ ❧✐✈❡✳
✶✷ ✻✳✶✼✳✶✶ Pūsan Vis.n
. ❬❛♥❞❪ . u✱ t❤❡ t❤r❡❡ ❝❤❛♥♥❡❧s✱ s❤❛❧❧ ❝❧❡❛♥s❡ s❧❛②✐♥❣ Vr.tra✱
❜r❡✇✐♥❣ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t✐♦♥ st❛❧❦ ❢♦r t❤❛t ♦♥❡ ❬✇❤♦♠ ❛❧❧ ❛❝t✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❤❛r♠♦♥② ✇✐t❤
❡❛❝❤ ♦t❤❡r Marut✲s s❤❛❧❧ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥❪✳
✶✸ ✷✳✷✷✳✶ ❉✉r✐♥❣ ✏t❤r❡❡✲❤♦✇❧s✑ ❤❛✈✐♥❣✲♠✉❝❤✲❢❡r✈♦r ❜✉✛❛❧♦ ❞r❛♥❦ ❬❛s ♠✉❝❤❪ ❛s
❤❡ ✇✐s❤❡❞✱ t♦ ❤✐s s❛t✐s❢❛❝t✐♦♥✱ ❜❛r❧❡②✲♠✐①❡❞ Soma ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❜② Vis.n. u✳
✶✹ ✽✳✶✷✳✶✻ Soma✱
Indra✱ ✐s ✐♥ ❬t❤❡ ❝♦♠♣❛♥② ♦❢ ❪ Vis.n
❲❤❡♥ ❬t❤♦✉ ❞r✐♥❦❪ ❖ . u ♦r
✇❤❡♥✱ ❡s♣❡❝✐❛❧❧②✱ ✐♥ ❬t❤❡ ❝♦♠♣❛♥② ♦❢ ❪ Trita Āptya ♦r ✇❤❡♥ ✐♥ ❬t❤❡ ❝♦♠♣❛♥②
♦❢ ❪ Marut✲s✱ ②♦✉ ❣❡t ❞r✉♥❦ ♦♥ ❬❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥②✐♥❣ t❤❡♠❪ ❞r♦♣s ❬♦❢ ✐♥♥❡r Soma❪
✻✳✻✾✳✸ ❖ Indra ❛♥❞ Vis .n
. u✱ ♠❛st❡rs ♦❢ r❛♣t✉r❡s ♦❢ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t✐♥❣ ❞r✐♥❦s
✶✺ ✶✳✶✺✺✳✷ ❆ ❝♦♥✢✐❝t ♦❢ t❤❡ t✇♦ ❡①❡rt✐♥❣ t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s ✐s tr✉❧② ✈❡❤❡♠❡♥t❀ ❖
Indra ❛♥❞ Vis.n
. u✱ ❤❡ ✇❤♦ ❞r✐♥❦s ♣r❡ss❡❞ ♦✉t ❬❥✉✐❝❡❪ ✇❛♥ts t♦ r❡str❛✐♥ ②♦✉
t✇♦✱ ✇❤♦ ❬✱✐♥ t✉r♥✱❪ ❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ♠♦rt❛❧✱ ✇♦✉❧❞ ✇❛♥t t♦ ❤✐♥❞❡r ✇❤❛t
✐s ❜❡✐♥❣ ✜tt❡❞ ✖ ❛♥ ❛rr♦✇ ♦❢ s❤♦♦t❡r Kr.śānu✳
✻✳✻✾✳✽ ❖ Vis.n
. u ❛♥❞ Indra✱ ✇❤❛t ②♦✉ ❝♦♥t❡♥❞✱ ✐♥ t❤r❡❡ ✇❛②s ②♦✉ ❜r❡❛❦ t❤❛t
✐♥t♦ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞ ♣✐❡❝❡s✳
✶✻ ✶✳✻✶✳✼ ❏✉st ♦❢ t❤✐s ♦♥❡ ♠♦t❤❡r✬s ♥♦✉r✐s❤♠❡♥t ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❣❧❛❞❧② ❞r✉♥❦ ❡✈❡r②
❞❛② ❞✉r✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♣r❡ss✐♥❣s✱ ❬❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❝♦♥s✉♠❡❞❪ t❤❡ ❡st❡❡♠❡❞ ❬♥❡❝t❛r❪✱ ❬❛♥❞❪
t❤❡ ✈✐❝t✉❛❧s✱ t❤❡ s❤♦♦t❡r s❤♦✉❧❞ ♣✐❡r❝❡ t❤❡ ❜♦❛r ❬❜✉t❪ ✇✐t❤♦✉t ❛ st♦♥❡ ✖
s✐♥❝❡ ♠✐❣❤t✐❡r Vis.n
.u ♠✐❣❤t st❡❛❧ t❤❡ ❝♦♦❦❡❞❬♠✐♥❞s❡t❪✳
♦❝❝✉r
✶✼ ✱ ❜✉t s✉❝❤ r❡s✐st❛♥❝❡ ❝❛♥ ❜❡ ❧❡ss❡♥❡❞ ❜② ✉♥❞❡rst❛♥❞✐♥❣ t❤❛t
Vis.n.u str✐❞❡s ❤❡❧♣ t♦ ❜r✐♥❣ t♦ ❢r✉✐t✐♦♥ ❝♦♥tr✐✈❛♥❝❡s ♦❢ ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡r✬s
♣r❛❝t✐❝❡s
✶✽ ✱ ❛♥❞ ♠❛❦❡ t❤❡ ❥♦✉r♥❡② ♦❢ ❛ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡ s❛❢❡r✶✾ ✳

Indra ❛♥❞ Varun.a

❇♦t❤ Indra ❛♥❞ Varun.a ❛r❡ ❝❛❧❧❡❞ ❥♦✐♥t r✉❧❡rs
✶ ♦❢ t❤❡✐r ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡rs✳
❇♦t❤ r✉❧❡ t❤r♦✉❣❤ ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥❝❡ ♦❢ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ♣♦✇❡r ❛♥❞ ✐♥♥❡r ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛✲
✷
t✐♦♥ t❤r♦✉❣❤♦✉t ❧♦♥❣❡st str❡t❝❤❡s ♦❢ t✐♠❡ ✳ ❇♦t❤ r✉❧❡ ❞✉r✐♥❣ ❜❛tt❧❡s
✸
❛♥❞ ❞✉r✐♥❣ s❡tt❧❡❞ ❧✐❢❡ ✳ Indra ✐s ❛❧s♦ ❝❤❛r❛❝t❡r✐③❡❞ ❛s ❛ s❡❧❢✲r✉❧✐♥❣
✹
♦♥❡ ✳ ❚❤✐s ❞✐❝❤♦t♦♠② ✏❛ ❥♦✐♥t r✉❧❡r ✖ ❛ s❡❧❢✲r✉❧✐♥❣ ♦♥❡✑ r❡✢❡❝ts
❞❡s✐r❡❞ ❜② ♣♦❡ts ♦❢ ❘✐❣✈❡❞❛ ❜❛❧❛♥❝❡ ❜❡t✇❡❡♥ ❞✉t② t♦ ❛♥❞ ❝♦♦♣❡r❛✲
t✐♦♥ ✇✐t❤ ❢❡❧❧♦✇ ❦✐♥s♠❡♥ ❛♥❞ tr✐❜❡s♠❡♥ ✭t❤❡ r❡❛❧♠ ♦❢ Varun.a✮ ❛♥❞
✉tt❡r ✐♥❞✐✈✐❞✉❛❧✐s♠ ✇❤✐❝❤ ✐s ✐♥ t❤❡ r❡❛❧♠ ♦❢ Indra ❛♥❞ ✇❤✐❝❤ r❡❜❡❧s
❛❣❛✐♥st ❛♥❞ ❝❤❛❧❧❡♥❣❡s s♦❝✐❡t❛❧ ❝♦♥tr♦❧ ❛♥❞ s✉♣♣r❡ss✐♦♥ ♦❢ ✐♥❞✐✈✐❞✲
✉❛❧ ❢r❡❡❞♦♠✳ ❚❤❛t ❞❡s✐r❛❜❧❡ ❜❛❧❛♥❝❡ ✐s ❝❤❛r❛❝t❡r✐③❡❞ ❜② Varun.a
❜❡✐♥❣ ✉♥❞❡r t❤❡ s✇❛②
✺ ❛♥❞ ❦✐♥❣s❤✐♣ ♦❢ Indra✻ ✱ ❜✉t ❛❧s♦ ❜② s②♥❡r❣②
✼
❜❡t✇❡❡♥ ❜♦t❤ ✳ ■t ✐s Indra ✇❤♦ s❧❛②s Vr.tra✲s✱ ❜✉t Varun.a ❛ss✐sts
tr❛✐♥✐♥❣ ♦❢ Indra ❛❞❡♣ts ✽ ✱ ♠❛❦❡s t❤❡♠ ♠✐♥❞❢✉❧ ♦❢ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s ❞✉r✲
✶✼ ✶✳✶✺✺✳✺ P❡r❝❡✐✈✐♥❣ ❥✉st t✇♦ ❤✐s✱ ✇❤♦ ✐s ❜❡❤♦❧❞✐♥❣ svàr✱ str✐❞❡s ❜❡✐♥❣ ♠❛❞❡✱
❛ ♠♦rt❛❧ s❝r❛♠❜❧❡s t♦ ❡♥s✉r❡ t❤❛t ♥♦t❤✐♥❣ ✇♦✉❧❞ ❞❛r❡ ❬t♦ ♠❛❦❡❪ ❤✐s t❤✐r❞✱
♥♦t ❡✈❡♥ ✢②✐♥❣ ❢❡❛t❤❡r❡❞ ❜✐r❞s✳
✶✽ ✽✳✼✼✳✶✵ ❉r✐✈❡♥ ❜② t❤❡❡ ✇✐❞❡✲str✐❞✐♥❣ Visnu ❜r♦✉❣❤t ❛❧❧ t❤♦s❡ ❬❝♦♥tr✐✈❛♥❝❡s
..
t♦ ❢r✉✐t✐♦♥❪✳
✶✾ ✻✳✻✾✳✶ ❇r✐♥❣✐♥❣ ✉s ♦✈❡r ❜② s❛❢❡ r♦❛❞s✱ ❬✱ ❖ Indra ❛♥❞ Visnu✱❪ ❞♦ ❡♥❥♦② t❤❡
..
s❛❝r✐✜❝❡ ❛♥❞ ✐♠♣❛rt t❤❡ s✉❜st❛♥❝❡✦
✶ ✶✳✶✼✳✶ ■ ♣r❡❢❡r ❤❡❧♣ ♦❢ t✇♦ ❥♦✐♥t r✉❧❡rs✱ ♦❢ Indra ❬❛♥❞❪ Varuna✱✳✳
.
✷ ✸✳✻✷✳✶✼ ②♦✉ r✉❧❡ t❤r♦✉❣❤ ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥❝❡ ♦❢ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ♣♦✇❡r t❤r♦✉❣❤ ❧♦♥❣❡st
❬str❡t❝❤❡s ♦❢ t✐♠❡❪✱ ❖ ②♦✉ ✇❤♦s❡ ♠♦❞❡ ♦❢ ❛❝t✐♦♥ ✐s ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t✐♥❣✦
✸ ✼✳✽✷✳✹ ■♥ ❝❧❛s❤❡s✱ ✐♥ ❜❛tt❧❡s✱ ❬✇❡❪ ❛s r✐❞❡rs ❬❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥❪ ❥✉st ②♦✉ t✇♦❀ ❞✉r✐♥❣
✐♠♣✉❧s✐♦♥ ❢♦r ❛ s❡tt❧❡❞ ❧✐❢❡✱ ❬✇❡✱❪ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ str♦♥❣ ❦♥❡❡s✱ ❬❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥❪ ②♦✉ t✇♦✳
✹ ✼✳✽✷✳✷ ❖♥❡ ♦❢ ②♦✉ t✇♦ ✐s ❞❡s❝r✐❜❡❞ ❛s ❛ ❥♦✐♥t r✉❧❡r✱ ❛♥♦t❤❡r ❛s ❛ s❡❧❢✲r✉❧✐♥❣
♦♥❡✳
✺ ✶✳✶✵✶✳✸ ✉♥❞❡r ✇❤♦s❡ s✇❛② ❬✐s❪ Varuna
.
✻ ✺✳✹✵✳✼ ▼❛② t❤❡s❡ t✇♦ ❤❡❧♣ ♠❡ ✐♥ t❤✐s ❝❛s❡ ✖ Varuna ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ❦✐♥❣✳
.
✼ ✶✳✶✼✳✺ Indra ❬❤❛s ♣♦✇❡rs❪ t❤❛t ❛r❡ ❣r❛♥t✐♥❣ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞s ❬♦❢ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s❪✱
Varun . a ❬❤❛s ♣♦✇❡rs t❤❛t ❛r❡ ❣r❛♥t✐♥❣❪ ♣r❛✐s❡✇♦rt❤② ❬❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s❪✳
✼✳✷✽✳✹ ❲❤❡♥ ♥♦t✲❧✐❛❜❧❡✲t♦✲❡rr♦r ♦♥❡ ♣❡r❝❡✐✈❡s ♥♦ ✜tt✐♥❣ ❬❤✐♠ ❡♥❞❡❛✈♦r❪✱
❝❡rt❛✐♥❧② Varun.a✱ ✇❤♦ ❤❛s t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❢r❛♠❡ ❬✐❞❡❛s ❛♥❞ ♣❡r❝❡♣t✐♦♥❪✱ s❤❛❧❧
r❡❧❡❛s❡ ✉s✳
✼✳✽✹✳✹ ❍❡✱ ✇❤♦ ❬✐s❪ ❬❛♥❪ Āditya✱ ❢r✉str❛t❡s ✉♥✜tt✐♥❣ t❤✐♥❣s✱ t❤❡ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢
❝❤❛♥❣❡ ❜❡st♦✇s ✉♥♠❡❛s✉r❡❞ ❜❡♥❡✜ts✳
✼✳✽✷✳✺ ❖ Indra✕Varun.a✱ ✇❤❡♥ ②♦✉ t✇♦ ♠❛❥❡st✐❝❛❧❧② ❝r❡❛t❡ ❛❧❧ t❤❡s❡ ❜❡✐♥❣s
♦❢ ❬t❤✐s❪ ♣❧❛❝❡ ♦❢ ❡①✐st❡♥❝❡✱ Mitra r❡✇❛r❞s Varun.a ✇✐t❤ s❡tt❧❡❞ ❧✐❢❡✱ t❤❡
♦t❤❡r✱ ❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s ♦♥❡✱ ❛❣❛✐♥ ❛♥❞ ❛❣❛✐♥ r❡✐♥❢♦r❝❡s ❬Varun.a❪ ✇✐t❤ Marut✲s✳
✽ ✻✳✻✽✳✸ ❇② t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡ ♦♥❡ s❧❛②s Vrtra ✇✐t❤ ❛ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✱ ❛♥♦t❤❡r✱
.
✐♥✇❛r❞❧② ❡①❝✐t❡❞✱ ❛ss✐sts ✐♥ ❡♥❝❧♦s✉r❡s✳
 ✾
✐♥❣ ❜❛tt❧❡s ✱ ❛♥❞ ✐♥ ❣❡♥❡r❛❧ ❢❛❝✐❧✐t❛t❡s ❝♦♦♣❡r❛t✐♦♥ ❜❡t✇❡❡♥ ❤✉♠❛♥
tr✐❜❡s
✶✶ ❛♥❞ ❜❡t✇❡❡♥ ❝❡❧❡st✐❛❧ ♦♥❡s✶✷ ✳ ■♥ ❣❡♥❡r❛❧✱ ✐t ✐s
Indra ✇❤♦
❝r❡❛t❡s s❡♣❛r❛t✐♦♥ ✇❤✐❧❡Varun.a ❢♦st❡rs ✉♥✐t②✱ ❜✉t s♦♠❡t✐♠❡s t❤❡②
♣❧❛② ♦♣♣♦s✐t❡ r♦❧❡s ✇❤❡♥ Varun. a ♠❛✐♥t❛✐♥s tr✐❜❛❧ ✉♥✐t② ✐♥ ♦♣♣♦s✐✲
t✐♦♥ t♦ ❝♦♦♣❡r❛t✐♦♥ ❜❡t✇❡❡♥ tr✐❜❡s ✇❤✐❧❡ ✐t ✐s Indra ✇❤♦ r❡♠♦✈❡s
♦❜st❛❝❧❡s t♦ s✉❝❤ ❝♦♦♣❡r❛t✐♦♥
✶✸ ✳

Indra ❛♥❞ Varun.a ❤❛✈❡ s♦♠❡ ❝♦♠♠♦♥ ❝❤❛r❛❝t❡r✐st✐❝s✳ ❇♦t❤ ❛r❡

❝❛❧❧❡❞ ✏❜✉❧❧✑
✶✺ ✱ ♠✐❣❤t② ❛♥❞ ♦❢ ❣r❡❛t ❜❡♥❡✜ts✶✻ ✱ ❜♦t❤ ❞r✐♥❦ Soma✶✼ ✱
✶✽
str❡♥❣t❤❡♥ .rta ❛♥❞ ❤❛✈❡ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❡①♣❛♥❞ ❀ ❜♦t❤ ❛r❡ ❜❡st
❛t ✉r❣✐♥❣
✶✾ ❛♥❞ ❣✐✈✐♥❣ ✈✐❣♦✉r t♦ ✜❣❤t❡rs
✷✵ ✳ ❇♦t❤ ❣✐✈❡ t♦ t❤❡✐r
✇♦rs❤✐♣❡rs ✈✐s✐♦♥s
✷✶ ✱ r❡♣❧❡♥✐s❤ ✐♥♥❡r ✇❛t❡rs✷✷ ❛♥❞ ❧❡t t❤♦s❡ ✇❛t❡rs
✷✸ ✷✹
✢♦✇ ❀ ❜♦t❤ ❡♥❞♦✇ t❤❡✐r ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡rs ✇✐t❤ ❝♦♠♣❛ss✐♦♥ ✳

✾ ✼✳✽✸✳✾ ❖♥❡ s♠❛s❤❡s ♦❜st❛❝❧❡s✶✵ ❞✉r✐♥❣ ❤♦st✐❧❡ ❡♥❝♦✉♥t❡rs t❤❡ ♦t❤❡r ♦♥❡
❛❧✇❛②s ❣✉❛r❞s ♦❜s❡r✈❛♥❝❡s ❬♦❢ ❞✉t✐❡s t♦✇❛r❞s ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s❪✳
✶✶ ✹✳✹✷✳✶ ❇② ❛❧❧ ♠❡❛♥s ♠✐♥❡ ✐s t❤❡ ✐♥str✉♠❡♥t ♦❢ ❦✐♥❣s❤✐♣
✶✷ ✹✳✹✷✳✶ Deva✲s t❛❦❡ ♣❛rt ✐♥ Varuna✬s ❞❡s✐❣♥❀
.
✶✸ ✼✳✽✺✳✸ ❙✐♥❝❡ ✐♥❞❡❡❞ devı̄✲s✱ t❤❡ ✇❛t❡rs ✇♦rt❤②✲❜②✲t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s✱ s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡
♣❧❛❝❡❞ Indra ❬❛♥❞❪ Varun.a ✐♥t♦ s❡❛ts ❛♠♦♥❣ deva✲s✱ ♦♥❡ ♦❢ t❤❡♠ ❦❡❡♣s t❤❡
tr✐❜❡s q✉✐t❡ s❡♣❛r❛t❡❞ ❬❢r♦♠ ❡❛❝❤ ♦t❤❡r❪✱ ❛♥♦t❤❡r ♦♥❡ r❡♠♦✈❡s ✉♥♦♣♣♦s❡❞
❬✐♥♥❡r❪ ♦❜st❛❝❧❡s✶✹ ✳
✶✺ ✻✳✻✽✳✶✶ ❖ Indra ❛♥❞ Varuna✱ ❜❡✐♥❣ t✇♦ ❜✉❧❧s
.
✶✻ ✼✳✽✷✳✷ ▼✐❣❤t②✱ ♦❢ ❣r❡❛t ❜❡♥❡✜ts ❛r❡ Indra✕Varuna✳
.
✼✳✽✷✳✹ ❲❡✱ s✐♥❣❡rs ♦❢ ❡✉❧♦❣✐❡s✱ ❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥ ❬②♦✉ t✇♦✱❪ ❡❛s② t♦ s✉♠♠♦♥✱ ❝❛♣❛❜❧❡
♦❢ ❬❣✐✈✐♥❣❪ ❜♦t❤ ❦✐♥❞s ♦❢ ❜❡♥❡✜ts✱ ❖ Indra✕Varun.a✦
✼✳✽✷✳✼ ◆❡✐t❤❡r ❛♥①✐❡t②✱ ♥♦r ❞✐✣❝✉❧t✐❡s✱ ❖ Indra✕Varun.a✱ ♥♦t ❡✈❡♥ ❤❡❛t
❢r♦♠ ❛♥②♦♥❡ ❬✜♥❞s❪ ❤✐♠ ✖ ❛ ♠♦rt❛❧ ✇❤♦s❡ ♣r♦❝❡❡❞✐♥❣ ♦♥ ✐ts ✇❛② ❬s❛❝r✐✜❝❡❪
②♦✉✱ ❖ t✇♦ deva✲s✱ ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤ ❬❛♥❞❪ ❛❝❝❡♣t❀ ♥❡✐t❤❡r ❞❡❝❡♣t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❛ ❞❡❛❞ ♦♥❡
✜♥❞s ❤✐♠✳
✶✼ ✸✳✻✷✳✶✽ ❉r✐♥❦ soma✱ ②♦✉ t✇♦ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥✐♥❣ rta✦
.
✶✽ ✻✳✻✽✳✹ Indra ❬❛♥❞❪ Varuna ❬s❤❛❧❧ st❛♥❞❪ ♦✉t ❛♠♦♥❣ t❤❡♠ ❬✱ deva✲s✱❪ t❤r♦✉❣❤
.
❬t❤❡✐r❪ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❡①♣❛♥❞✳
✶✾ ✻✳✻✽✳✷ t❤♦s❡ t✇♦ ❬✱ Indra ❛♥❞ Varuna✱ ❛r❡❪ t❤❡ ❜❡st ❛t ✉r❣✐♥❣
.
✷✵ ✼✳✽✷✳✾ ■♥ ♦✉r ❡✈❡r② ❜❛tt❧❡✱ ❖ Indra✕Varuna✱ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ✇❛rr✐♦rs ✇❤♦ ❛r❡ ✐♥
.
❢r♦♥t✱ ❖ ②♦✉ t✇♦✱ ✇❤♦ ❛r❡ t❤❡ ✈✐❣♦✉r ♦❢ t❤❡ tr✐❜❡✦
✷✶ ✼✳✽✷✳✸ ❬Indra✕Varuna❪ ❞♦ ♠❛❦❡ ❬♦✉r❪ ✈✐s✐♦♥s ✢❡s❤❡❞ ♦✉t✦
.
✷✷ ✼✳✽✷✳✸ ❖ Indra✕Varuna✱ ✐♥ ✐♥t♦①✐❝❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ t❤✐s ♦♥❡✱ ✇❤♦ ❤❛s t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦
.
❢r❛♠❡ ❬✐❞❡❛s ❛♥❞ ♣❡r❝❡♣t✐♦♥❪✱ ②♦✉ t✇♦ s✇❡❧❧❡❞ ❞❡♣❧❡t❡❞ ❬✇❛t❡rs❪✳
✷✸ ✼✳✽✷✳✸ ❲✐t❤ ❬t❤❛t❪ ✈✐❣♦✉r ②♦✉ t✇♦ ❞✐❞ ♣✐❡r❝❡ ♦♥❡ ❛❢t❡r ❛♥♦t❤❡r ❛♣❡rt✉r❡s
♦❢ t❤❡ ❬✐♥♥❡r❪ ✇❛t❡rs✳
✷✹ ✼✳✽✷✳✽ ❙✐♥❝❡ ❬t❤❡r❡ ✐s❪ ❧✐❦❡✲♠✐♥❞❡❞♥❡ss ✇✐t❤ ②♦✉✱ ♦r ❡❧s❡ ❛♥ ❛❧❧✐❛♥❝❡✱ ❢❛st❡♥
❬t♦ ✉s❪ t❤❡ ❝♦♠♣❛ss✐♦♥✱ ❖ Indra✕Varun.a✦
✽✻ Indra ❛♥❞ deva✲s

Indra ❛♥❞ s♦♠❡ ♦t❤❡r deva✲s

❚❤❡ t✇♦ Aśvin✲s ❡st❛❜❧✐s❤ Indra✬s ❞♦♠✐♥✐♦♥✶ ✱ r❡✐♥❢♦r❝❡ ❤✐s ❛❝t✐♦♥s
✷
✸
❛♥❞ ❤❡❧♣ ❤✐♠ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡✐r ✇♦♥❞❡r❢✉❧ ♣♦✇❡rs ✳
Tvas..t.r str❡♥❣t❤❡♥s ❢♦r Indra ❛♥ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡ t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱ ❢❛s❤✐♦♥s ❛
✹
t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t ✱ ❛♥❞ ②♦❦❡s t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s ✳
✺

Pr.śni✱ ❜❡✐♥❣ Indra✬s ♠♦t❤❡r✱ ❜r✐♥❣s t♦ Indra ❤❡r ♠✐❧❦ ✖ t❤❡

✻
❡♥❡r❣② t♦ ❞❛r❡ ✱ ❛♥❞ ❝❛rr✐❡s ❛♥ ❡♠❜r②♦ ♦❢ Indra ✐♥t♦ ♥♦✉r✐s❤✐♥❣
✐♥♥❡r ✇❛t❡rs ✳
✼

■t ✐s ♣r❡❢❡r❛❜❧❡ t❤❛t Sarasvatı̄ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡s Indra✽ ✖ s♦♠❡t✐♠❡s

✾
s❤❡ ❡✈❡♥ ❤❡❛❧s ❤✐♠ ✳
Br.haspati s♦♠❡t✐♠❡s ✐s ❛ ②♦❦❡✲♠❛t❡ ♦❢ Indra✶✵ ❛♥❞ ❝❛♥ ♣❡r✲
❢♦r♠ ♠❛♥② ❞❡❡❞s t❤❛t Indra ❞♦❡s ✖ ❧✐❦❡ ✐♠♣❛rt✐♥❣ ✏t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡✑
❛♥❞ ♦t❤❡r r✐❝❤❡s
✶✶ ✱ ❞❡str♦②✐♥❣ ❞❡❢❡♥s✐✈❡♥❡ss ❛♥❞ r❡♣❡❧❧✐♥❣ ❤♦st✐❧❡
✶✷
❞❡♠♦♥s ✱ ✐♠♣❛rt✐♥❣ ✈✐❣♦✉r t♦ t❤❡ ❜♦❞②
✶✸ ❛♥❞ ❛✇❛r❡♥❡ss ♦❢ s✉r✲
✶✹
r♦✉♥❞✐♥❣s t♦ t❤❡ ♠✐♥❞ ✳

✸✳✸✽✳✺ ❇② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❦♥♦✇❧❡❞❣❡✲s❤❛r✐♥❣ s❡ss✐♦♥✬s ✈✐s✐♦♥s ②♦✉❬✱ t❤❡ t✇♦ Aśvin✲

✶
s❪✱ ❖ t✇♦ ♦✛s♣r✐♥❣s ♦❢ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥✱ ❤❛✈❡ ❡st❛❜❧✐s❤❡❞ ❧♦♥❣ ❛❣♦ ❬❤✐s❪ ❞♦♠✐♥✐♦♥✱
❖ t✇♦ ❝❤✐❡❢t❛✐♥s✦
✷ ✶✵✳✶✸✶✳✹ ■♥ t❤❡ ♣r❡s❡♥❝❡ ♦❢ ♦♥❡ ♦❢ ❣✉✐❞✐♥❣ s♣✐r✐ts ✖ Namuci✱ ②♦✉ t✇♦✱ ❖
Aśvin✲s✱ ❞r✐♥❦✐♥❣ ✉♣ t❤❡ ✐♥t♦①✐❝❛t✐♥❣ ❜r❡✇✱ ❢❛✈♦✉r❡❞ Indra ✐♥ ❬❤✐s❪ ❛❝t✐♦♥s✱
❖ t✇♦ ♠❛st❡rs ♦❢ r❡✐♥❢♦r❝❡♠❡♥t✦
✸ ✶✵✳✶✸✶✳✺ ❆s t✇♦ ♣❛r❡♥ts ❬❤❡❧♣❪ ❛ s♦♥✱ ❜♦t❤ Aśvin✲s ❤❡❧♣❡❞ ❬t❤❡❡❪✱ ❖ Indra✱
✇✐t❤ ❬t❤❡✐r❪ ♣♦❡t✐❝ ✐♥s♣✐r❛t✐♦♥ ❬❛♥❞❪ ✇♦♥❞❡r❢✉❧ ♣♦✇❡rs ✖ ✇❤❡♥ t❤♦✉ ❞r❛♥❦
t❤❡ ✐♥t♦①✐❝❛t✐♥❣ ❜r❡✇❀
✹ ✶✳✺✷✳✼ Tvastr ❤❛s ❛❧s♦ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥❡❞ ❢♦r t❤❡❡ t❤❡ t♦✲❜❡✲❡♠♣❧♦②❡❞ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡
t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱ .❤❡.. ❤❛s ❢❛s❤✐♦♥❡❞ ❤❛✈✐♥❣✲♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣✲✈✐❣♦✉r t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✳
✶✳✻✶✳✻✳ ❏✉st ❢♦r t❤✐s ♦♥❡ Tvas..t.r ❢❛s❤✐♦♥❡❞ ❞♦✐♥❣✲❣♦♦❞✲❥♦❜ r♦❛r✐♥❣ t❤✉♥❞❡r✲
❜♦❧t
✺ ✻✳✹✼✳✶✾ ❘❡♣❡❛t❡❞❧② ②♦❦✐♥❣ t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s t♦ t❤❡ ❝❤❛r✐♦t✱ Tvastr r✉❧❡s ❤❡r❡✳
✻ ✶✳✺✼✳✸ ❉✉r✐♥❣ ♣r♦❝❡❡❞✐♥❣ ♦♥ ✐ts ✇❛② ❬s❛❝r✐✜❝❡❪ ❞♦ ❜r✐♥❣ r❡✈❡r❡♥t❧②✱ ❖
. ..

r❡♣❧❡♥✐s❤✐♥❣✲❧✐❦❡✲❛✲❞❛✇♥ ♦♥❡✱ ❬t❤❡ ♠✐❧❦❪ t♦ t❤✐s t❡rr✐❢②✐♥❣ ♠♦r❡✲✇♦rt❤②✲♦❢✲

❛❞♠✐r❛t✐♦♥ ♦♥❡
✼ ✶✵✳✷✼✳✶✻ ❚❤❡ ♠♦t❤❡r✱ ❜❡✐♥❣ s❛t✐s✜❡❞✱ ❝❛rr✐❡s ✇❡❧❧✲❝♦♥tr✐✈❡❞ ❧❛❝❦✐♥❣✲
②❡❛r♥✐♥❣s ❡♠❜r②♦ ✐♥t♦ ♥♦✉r✐s❤✐♥❣ ❬✇❛t❡rs❪✳
✽ ✽✳✸✽✳✶✵ ■ ♣r❡❢❡r t❤❡ ❤❡❧♣ ♦❢ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② Sarasvatı̄ Indra✲Agni ❢♦r ✇❤♦♠
❬t❤✐s❪ ❤②♠♥ ✐♥ t❤❡ Gāyatrı̄ ♠❡t❡r ✐s r❡❝✐t❡❞✳
✾ ✶✵✳✶✸✶✳✺ ❜② ✉s✐♥❣ ❬❤❡r❪ ❡♥❛❜❧✐♥❣ ♣♦✇❡rs Sarasvatı̄ ❤❡❛❧❡❞ t❤❡❡
✶✵ ✽✳✾✻✳✶✺ Indra ✇✐t❤ Brhaspati ❛s ❛ ②♦❦❡✲♠❛t❡ ❤❛s ♦✈❡r♣♦✇❡r❡❞ ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤✐♥❣✲
t♦✲❛tt❛❝❦ ❝❧❛♥s ❬t❤❛t. ✇❡r❡❪ ✇✐t❤♦✉t deva✲s✳
✶✶ ✼✳✾✽✳✼ ❖ Brhaspati✱ ②♦✉ t✇♦✱ ❬t❤♦✉❪ ❛♥❞ Indra✱ ❛r❡ ❝♦♠♠❛♥❞✐♥❣ ❝❡❧❡st✐❛❧
❛♥❞ ❡❛rt❤❧②. r✐❝❤❡s✳
✼✳✾✽✳✼ ❉♦ ②♦✉ t✇♦ ❬✱ Br.haspati ❛♥❞ Indra✱❪ ❛❧s♦ ✐♠♣❛rt t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡ t♦
❡①t♦❧❧✐♥❣ ❬②♦✉❪ ♣r❛✐s❡r✦
✶✷ ✶✵✳✶✵✸✳✹ ❖ Brhaspati✱ ✉s✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❝❤❛r✐♦t✱ s♦❛r ❢✉❧❧②✱ ❞❡str♦②✐♥❣ ❞❡❢❡♥s✐✈❡✲
♥❡ss✱ r❡♣❡❧❧✐♥❣. ❤♦st✐❧❡s✦
✶✸ ✸✳✻✷✳✺ ■ ❛❣r❡❡ t♦ ❬❤✐s✱ Brhaspati✬s❪ ✉♥②✐❡❧❞✐♥❣ ✈✐❣♦✉r✳
✶✹ ✶✵✳✹✷✳✶✶ ▼❛② Brhaspati ♣r♦t❡❝t ✉s ♦✈❡r❛❧❧ ✖ ❢r♦♠ ❜❡❤✐♥❞✱ ❛♥❞ ❢r♦♠ ❛❜♦✈❡✱
.
.
 ❲❤❡♥ Indra r❡❧❡❛s❡s ✐♥♥❡r ✇❛t❡rs✱ Pūs.an ❤❡❧♣s t♦ ❞✐r❡❝t t❤❡♠✶✺
t♦ ✇❤❛t ✐s ❞❡s✐r❡❞✱ ❢♦r ❡①❛♠♣❧❡✱ t♦ ❛ ❞❡str✉❝t✐♦♥ ♦❢ r❡❛❝t✐✈❡ ✐♠♣✉❧✲
s✐✈❡♥❡ss✱ t♦ ❛♥ ♦❜t❛✐♥♠❡♥t ♦❢ ❛ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r
✶✻ ✱ ❛♥❞ t♦✇❛r❞s ❛♥
✶✼
❡✛❡❝t✐✈❡ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❣❡st✉r❡ ✳

Indra✬s ❝❤❛r✐♦t

❚❤❡ ✇♦r❞ ✏❝❤❛r✐♦t✑ ✭rátha✮ ❞❡♥♦t❡s ✐♥ t❤❡s❡ ❤②♠♥s t❤r❡❡ ❡♥t✐t✐❡s✳

❚❤❡ ✜rst ✐s ♠❛❞❡✲❜②✲❛♥✲❛rt✐✜❝❡r ❝❤❛r✐♦t
✶ ✉s❡❞ ✐♥ ❜❛tt❧❡s ✷ ♦r ✐♥
✸
❝♦♥t❡sts ✳ ❚❤❡ s❡❝♦♥❞ ✐s s♦♠❡t❤✐♥❣ t❤❛t ❝♦♥✈❡②s ♦r ❜r✐♥❣s deva✲s ✹
♦r ♣❛rt✐❝✉❧❛r st❛t❡s ♦r ♣r♦♣❡rt✐❡s ♦❢ ❜♦❞②✴♠✐♥❞ t♦ ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡rs ✳
✺
❚❤❡ t❤✐r❞✱ ♦❢ t❤❡s❡ t❤r❡❡ t❤❡ ♠♦st ♣r♦♠✐♥❡♥t ✐♥ ❤②♠♥s t♦ Indra✱
❢r♦♠ ❜❡❧♦✇ ✖ ❢r♦♠ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ✐♥t❡♥❞s ✐❧❧✦
✶✺ ✻✳✺✼✳✹ ❲❤❡♥ ♠♦st ❜✉❧❧✐s❤ Indra ❞✐r❡❝t❡❞ ♣♦t❡♥t ✇❛t❡rs t♦ ✢♦✇✱ t❤❡♥ Pūs.an
❜❡❝♦♠❡ ♥❡❛r ❛t ❤❛♥❞
✶✻ ✽✳✹✳✶✽ ❇❡ ♦✉r ❞❡str♦②✐♥❣ r❡❛❝t✐✈❡ ✐♠♣✉❧s✐✈❡♥❡ss ♣r♦♠♦t❡r✱ ❖ Pūsan✱ s♦
❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ❛s t♦ ❜❡st♦✇ t❤❡ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✳ .
✶✼ ✻✳✺✼✳✺✳ ❚❤❛t ♦❢ Pūsan✱ ❛♥❞ ♦❢ Indra✱ ❛♥ ❡✛❡❝t✐✈❡ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❣❡st✉r❡✱ ✇❡ t❛❦❡
❤♦❧❞ ♦❢ ❧✐❦❡ ❛ ❜r❛♥❝❤
.
♦❢ ❛ tr❡❡✳
✶ ✸✳✸✽✳✶ ▲✐❦❡ ❛ ❝❤❛r✐♦t✲❜✉✐❧❞❡r✱ ■ ❤❛✈❡ r❡✢❡❝t❡❞ ✉♣♦♥ ❬t❤✐s❪ ❝♦♥❝❡♣t✐♦♥ ✳✳✳
✺✳✷✾✳✶✺ ▲✐❦❡ ❧♦✈❡❧② ✇❡❧❧✲♠❛❞❡ ❣❛r♠❡♥ts✱ ❧✐❦❡ ❛♥ ✐♥t❡❧❧✐❣❡♥t ❛rt✐✜❝❡r ✖ ❛
❝❤❛r✐♦t✱ ■✱ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ ✇❤❛t✬s ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧✱ ❢♦r♠❡❞ ✐♥ ♠✐♥❞ ❬t❤✐s ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥❪✳
✷ ✶✵✳✷✾✳✽ ❉♦ t❤♦✉ r❡s♦rt ✖ ❛s ✐❢ t♦ ❛ ❝❤❛r✐♦t ❞✉r✐♥❣ ❜❛tt❧❡s ✖ t♦ ❬Indra❪ ✳✳✳
✶✵✳✶✵✸✳✶✵ ▲❡t ❜❛tt❧❡✲❝r✐❡s ♦❢ ❝♦♥q✉❡r✐♥❣ ❝❤❛r✐♦ts ❣♦ ✉♣✦
✺✳✸✺✳✼ ❉♦ ❢❛✈♦✉r ♦✉r ❝❤❛r✐♦t ✳✳✳ t❤❛t ✐s ❞✐✣❝✉❧t t♦ s✉r♣❛ss✱ t❤❛t ✐s ❧❡❛❞✐♥❣
✐♥ ❜❛tt❧❡s✱ t❤❛t ♣❛rt✐❝✐♣❛t❡s ✐♥ ❡✈❡r② ❝♦♥t❡st✱ t❤❛t ✐s ♣r❛❝t✐❝✐♥❣ r✉s❤❡s ♦❢
✈✐❣♦✉r✳
✸ ✽✳✹✺✳✾ ▼❛② Indra ♠❛❦❡ ♦✉r ❝❤❛r✐♦t ✐♥ ❢r♦♥t t♦ ♦❜t❛✐♥ ❬t❤❡ ♣r✐③❡❪
✻✳✹✺✳✶✺ ❙✉❝❤ ✖ ❜❡st ♣♦ss❡ss♦r ♦❢ ❝❤❛r✐♦ts ✖ ✉s✐♥❣ ♦✉r ❡♥❣❛❣❡❞ ✐♥ ❬t❤❡
❝♦♥t❡st❪ ❝❤❛r✐♦t✱ t❤♦✉ ✳✳✳ ✇✐♥ t❤❡ ♣r♦♣♦s❡❞ ❝♦♥t❡st✳
✺✳✸✶✳✹ Anu ♣❡♦♣❧❡ s❤❛❧❧ ♣r❡♣❛r❡ t❤② ❝❤❛r✐♦t ❢♦r ❛ ❤♦rs❡
✺✳✽✻✳✹ ❙✉❝❤ ②♦✉ t✇♦✱ ❬❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❢♦r❝❡❢✉❧ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡❪✱ ❖ Indra ❬❛♥❞❪ Agni✱
✇❡ ❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥ ❞✉r✐♥❣ ❤❛st❡♥✐♥❣ ♦❢ ❝❤❛r✐♦ts
✶✵✳✶✸✸✳✶ ❤✐❣❤✲s♣✐r✐t❡❞ ❬✇♦rs❤✐♣❡r❪ ✇❤♦s❡ ❝❤❛r✐♦t ✐s ✐♥ ❢r♦♥t
✹ ✶✳✶✵✽✳✶ ❲❤♦ ❢♦r ②♦✉ t✇♦✱ ❖ Indra ❬❛♥❞❪ Agni✱ ✐s t❤❡ ♠♦st ❝♦♥s♣✐❝✉♦✉s
❝❤❛r✐♦t✱ ❤❡ ❝❛sts ❛ ❦✐♥❞ ❧♦♦❦ ✉♣♦♥ ❛❧❧ ♣❧❛❝❡s ♦❢ ❡①✐st❡♥❝❡✳
✶✳✸✵✳✶✽✲✶✾ ❙✐♥❝❡ ②♦✉r✱ ❖ t✇♦ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❧✐s❤✐♥❣ ✇♦♥❞❡r❢✉❧ ❞❡❡❞s✱ ❬❛❧✇❛②s❪ ❤❛✈✲
✐♥❣ t❤❡ s❛♠❡ ❛✣♥✐t② ✐♠♣❡r✐s❤❛❜❧❡ ❝❤❛r✐♦t ❦❡❡♣s ❣♦✐♥❣ ✐♥t♦ t❤❡ s❡❛✱ ❖
Aśvin✲s✱ ②♦✉ t✇♦ ❤❛✈❡ ❢❛st❡♥❡❞ ❬♦♥❡❪ ✇❤❡❡❧ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❝❤❛r✐♦t t♦ t❤❡ ❤❡❛❞
♦❢ ♥♦t✲t♦✲❜❡✲❦✐❧❧❡❞ ♦♥❡ ❛♥♦t❤❡r ❦❡❡♣s ♠♦✈✐♥❣ ❛r♦✉♥❞ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥✳
✻✳✻✽✳✶✵ ❨♦✉r ❬✱ Indra ❛♥❞ Varuna✱❪ ❝❤❛r✐♦t ❬❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤❡s❪ ♣r♦❝❡❡❞✐♥❣ ♦♥ ✐ts
✇❛② ❬s❛❝r✐✜❝❡❪ t♦ ❛r♦✉s❡ deva✲s .
✶✵✳✶✵✸✳✹ ❖ Br.haspati✱ ✉s✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❝❤❛r✐♦t✱ s♦❛r ❢✉❧❧②✱ ❞❡str♦②✐♥❣ ❞❡❢❡♥s✐✈❡✲
♥❡ss✱ r❡♣❡❧❧✐♥❣ ❤♦st✐❧❡s✦
✶✵✳✾✻✳✶✷ ▲❡t t❤❡ ♠♦t✐✈❡s ♦❢ ❬t❤❡s❡❪ ❢♦❧❦s ❝♦♥✈❡② t❤❡❡ ✳✳✳ ♦♥ ❛ ❝❤❛r✐♦t
✺ ✸✳✺✸✳✶✳ ❖ Indra ❛♥❞ ❦♥♦tt② ♦♥❡✱ ✉s✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♠✐❣❤t② ❝❤❛r✐♦t✱ ❝♦♥✈❡② ❤❡r❡
❧♦✈❡❧② ♠❛♥❧② ❧✐❜❛t✐♦♥s✦
✷✳✶✽✳✶ ✐t s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ ❜❡❝❛♠❡ ❬❛ ❝❤❛r✐♦t❪ ♦❢ ❡❛❣❡r♥❡ss
✽✽ Indra✬s ❝❤❛r✐♦t

✏ Indra✬s ❝❤❛r✐♦t✑✱ ✐s t❤❡ ❜♦❞②✱ ♦r ❡✈❡♥ t❤❡ ❡♥t✐r❡ ❜❡✐♥❣✱ ♦❢ s♦♠❡♦♥❡

✇❤♦ ✐s ♣♦ss❡ss❡❞ ♦r ✐s ❛❜♦✉t t♦ ❜❡ ♣♦ss❡ss❡❞ ❜② Indra✳ ❚❤✐s✱ t❤❡
t❤✐r❞ ✐♥t❡r♣r❡t❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ✇♦r❞ ✏❝❤❛r✐♦t✑✱ r❡q✉r❡s ❛ ❥✉st✐✜❝❛t✐♦♥ ✖ ✐t
✐s ❣✐✈❡♥ ♥❡①t✳
❋✐rst✱ ✐t ✐s ♥♦t ♦♥❡ ❛♥❞ t❤❡ s❛♠❡ ❝❤❛r✐♦t t❤❛t Indra ✐s ❝♦♥✈❡②❡❞
✻
♦♥ ❀ t❤❡r❡ ❛r❡ ❝❤❛r✐♦ts t❤❛t ❤❡ ❢❛✈♦✉rs ✱ ❛♥❞ ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡rs ❛s❦
✼ Indra
t♦ ❢❛✈♦✉r ✏t❤❡✐r✑ ❝❤❛r✐♦t ✳
✽
❙❡❝♦♥❞✱ ❤✉♠❛♥s ❛r❡ r❡❢❡rr❡❞ t♦ ❛s Indra✬s ❝❤❛r✐♦ts
✾ ♦r ❛s ❜❡✐♥❣
✶✵
❤❛r♥❡ss❡❞ ❜② Indra ✳
❚❤✐r❞✱ ❝❤❛r❛❝t❡r✐st✐❝s ❣✐✈❡♥ t♦ s♦♠❡ ❝❤❛r✐♦ts ❛r❡ ♥♦t ❛♣♣❧✐❝❛❜❧❡
t♦ ♦r tr✉❡ ♦❢ ❛ ✇♦♦❞❡♥ ♠❛❞❡✲❜②✲❛♥✲❛rt✐✜❝❡r ❝❤❛r✐♦t✱ ❧✐❦❡ ✏♣r✉❞❡♥t✑✱
✏❤❛✈✐♥❣ s❡✈❡♥ r❡✐♥s✑✱ ✏❝♦♥t❛✐♥✐♥❣ ✉tt❡r❛♥❝❡s✑✱ ♦r ✏❜❡✐♥❣ q✉✐❝❦❡r t❤❛♥
t❤❡ ♠✐♥❞✑
✶✶ ✳ ❆❧s♦✱ ❛ ❝❤❛r✐♦t ✐s ❡♠♣❧♦②❡❞ ❜② Indra ❛t ❞r✐♥❦✐♥❣ Soma
✻ ✽✳✼✵✳✶ ❬✇❤♦❪ tr❛✈❡❧s ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❝❤❛r✐♦ts
✶✳✶✵✷✳✺ ❞♦ t❤♦✉ ❛s❝❡♥❞ ♦✉r ❝❤❛r✐♦t ❢♦r ♦❜t❛✐♥✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡❪
✺✳✸✸✳✸ ❙t❛② ♦♥ t❤✐s ❝❤❛r✐♦t✱ ❖ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲✐♥✲❤❛♥❞ ♦♥❡✦
✶✳✶✷✾✳✶ ❲❤✐❝❤ ❝❤❛r✐♦t t❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❢♦r ♦❜t❛✐♥✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♥♦✉r✐s❤✐♥❣ ❞r✐♥❦✱
❬❡✈❡♥ ❛ ❝❤❛r✐♦t❪ t❤❛t ✐s ❢❛r ❬❢r♦♠ ♣r♦✜❝✐❡♥❝②❪✱ ❖ ✐♥st✐❣❛t✐♥❣ ♦♥❡✱ ✇♦✉❧❞ ❧❡❛❞
❢♦rt❤✱ t❤♦✉ ❞♦ ❧❡❛❞✱ ❖ ❢❛✉❧t❧❡ss ♦♥❡✱ ❢♦rt❤✳
✶✳✶✵✽✳✶ ❲❤♦ ❢♦r ②♦✉ t✇♦✱ ❖ Indra ❬❛♥❞❪ Agni✱ ✐s t❤❡ ♠♦st ❝♦♥s♣✐❝✉♦✉s
❝❤❛r✐♦t✱ ❤❡ ❝❛sts ❛ ❦✐♥❞ ❧♦♦❦ ✉♣♦♥ ❛❧❧ ♣❧❛❝❡s ♦❢ ❡①✐st❡♥❝❡✳
✶✵✳✶✶✷✳✷ ❲❤✐❝❤ ❝❤❛r✐♦t ✐s ❢♦r t❤❡❡ q✉✐❝❦❡r t❤❛♥ t❤❡ ♠✐♥❞✱ ✉s✐♥❣ t❤❛t ♦♥❡
❥♦✉r♥❡② ❤❡r❡ ❢♦r ❛ ❞r✐♥❦ ♦❢ Soma✦
✼ ✽✳✷✳✸✺ ❊✈❡♥ ❢r♦♠ ❛ ❞✐st❛♥t ♣❧❛❝❡ ❬❤❡ ✐s❪ ♣r♦❝✉r✐♥❣ s❡❡❦✐♥❣✲❝♦✇s ❝❤❛r✐♦t
✇❤✐❝❤ ❤❡ ❢❛✈♦✉rs
✽ ✺✳✸✺✳✽ ❖✉r✱ ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤ ♦✉r ❝❤❛r✐♦t
✶✳✶✷✾✳✶✵ ❆♥② ❝❤❛r✐♦t ✳✳✳ ♦t❤❡r t❤❛♥ ✉s t❤♦✉ ❝❛♥ ❤❛r♠
✾ ✶✳✶✵✷✳✾ ♠❛② Indra ❛t t❤❡ ✐♠♣✉❧s✐♦♥ ❬♦❢ t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡❪ ♠❛❦❡✱ ✜rst ♦❢ ❛❧❧✱ t❤✐s
♦✉r ③❡❛❧♦✉s s✐♥❣❡r ♦❢ ❡✉❧♦❣✐❡s ❝♦♠✐♥❣✲❢♦rt❤ ❛s ❬❤✐s❪ ❝❤❛r✐♦t
✺✳✸✸✳✺ ❲❡✱ t❤♦s❡ ✇❤♦ ❬❛r❡❪ t❤②✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❛♥❞ ❬❛r❡❪ ♠❡♥✱ ❤❛✈❡ ❡♠❡r❣❡❞ ❛s ❛
tr♦♦♣✱ ❛♥❞ ❬❛r❡❪ ❡♥t❡r❡❞ ✉♣♦♥ ❬❜② t❤❡❡❪ ❬❛s❪ ❝❤❛r✐♦ts
✷✳✶✽✳✶ ❆ ❢r❡s❤ ❝❤❛r✐♦t ♦❢ ❢♦✉r ❣❡♥❡r❛t✐♦♥s✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❤r❡❡ t❤♦♥❣s✱ s❡✈❡♥ r❡✐♥s
✐s t♦ ❜❡ ❤❛r♥❡ss❡❞ ❛t ❞❛②❜r❡❛❦❀ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❡♥ ♣❛rts✱ ❤✉♠❛♥✱ ❬②❡t❪ ❣❛✐♥✐♥❣ svàr✱
t❤r♦✉❣❤ ❞❡s✐r❡s ❛♥❞ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❣❡st✉r❡s ✐t s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ ❜❡❝❛♠❡ ❬❛ ❝❤❛r✐♦t❪ ♦❢
❡❛❣❡r♥❡ss
✶✵ ✺✳✸✵✳✽ ❏✉st ❛❢t❡r t❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ ♠❛❞❡ ♠❡ ②♦❦❡❞ ✳✳✳
✽✳✻✷✳✻ ❇❡✐♥❣ s❛t✐s✜❡❞ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ♣♦✇❡r ♦❢ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ❡♠♣❧♦②s Soma✱
❤❡ ♠❛❦❡s t❤❡ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥ ❤❛r♥❡ss❡❞
✶✶ ✶✳✺✻✳✶ ❚♦ ❛r♦✉s❡ t❤❡ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ♣♦✇❡r✱ ❤❡ ♠❛❦❡s ❤✐♠s❡❧❢ ❞r✐♥❦ t❤❡ ❡♥❝❤❛♥t✐♥❣
❬❞r✐♥❦❪ ❬✇❤✐❧❡❪ t✉r♥✐♥❣ t♦✇❛r❞s ♣r✉❞❡♥t ②♦❦✐♥❣✲t❛✇♥②✲♦♥❡s ✏❝❤❛r✐♦t✑✳
✻✳✹✹✳✷✹ t❤✐s ♦♥❡ ❤❛r♥❡ss❡❞ ❤❛✈✐♥❣✲s❡✈❡♥✲r❡✐♥s ❝❤❛r✐♦t
✷✳✶✽✳✶ ❆ ❢r❡s❤ ❝❤❛r✐♦t ♦❢ ❢♦✉r ❣❡♥❡r❛t✐♦♥s✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❤r❡❡ t❤♦♥❣s✱ s❡✈❡♥ r❡✐♥s
✐s t♦ ❜❡ ❤❛r♥❡ss❡❞ ❛t ❞❛②❜r❡❛❦❀ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❡♥ ♣❛rts✱ ❤✉♠❛♥✱ ❬②❡t❪ ❣❛✐♥✐♥❣ svàr✱
t❤r♦✉❣❤ ❞❡s✐r❡s ❛♥❞ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❣❡st✉r❡s ✐t s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ ❜❡❝❛♠❡ ❬❛ ❝❤❛r✐♦t❪ ♦❢
❡❛❣❡r♥❡ss
✻✳✸✺✳✶ ❲❤❡♥ ✇✐❧❧ t❤♦s❡ ❬✉tt❡r❛♥❝❡s❪ t❤❛t r❡s✐❞❡ ✐♥ ❛ ❝❤❛r✐♦t ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❛ ❢♦r✲
♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥❄
✶✵✳✶✶✷✳✷ ❲❤✐❝❤ ❝❤❛r✐♦t ✐s ❢♦r t❤❡❡ q✉✐❝❦❡r t❤❛♥ t❤❡ ♠✐♥❞✱ ✉s✐♥❣ t❤❛t ♦♥❡
❥♦✉r♥❡② ❤❡r❡ ❢♦r ❛ ❞r✐♥❦ ♦❢ Soma✦
 ✽✾

❜♦✉ts
✶✷ ✳

Indra✬s ✏❝❤❛r✐♦t✑ ✐s ❝❤❛r❛❝t❡r✐③❡❞ ❛s ✏❛ ❜✉❧❧✑✱ ♦r ❜❡✐♥❣ ✏❧✐❦❡ ❛

❜✉❧❧✑ ✭✶✳✶✼✼✳✸✱ ✷✳✶✻✳✻✱ ✽✳✸✸✳✶✶✱ ✺✳✸✻✳✺✱ ✻✳✹✹✳✶✾✮✱ ♠✐❣❤t② ✭✸✳✺✸✳✶✮✱
❛♥❞ s♦♠❡t✐♠❡s ❛s ❡♥❝❤❛♥t✐♥❣
✶✸ ♦r ❡♥❝❤❛♥t❡❞✶✹ ✳ ■t ♠✐❣❤t ❜❡ ❡❛s②✲
✶✺ ✶✻
❣♦✐♥❣ ✱ ✇❡❧❧✲♥❛✈❡❞ ✱ s♣❛❝✐♦✉s
✶✼ ✳ ■t ❤❛s ❛ ✜r♠ ❢r❛♠❡✶✽ ✭♣r♦❜✳ ❂
✏st✉r❞② str♦♥❣ ❜♦❞②✑✮✱ ❛ str♦♥❣ ♣♦❧❡
✶✾ ✭♣r♦❜✳ ❂ ✏t❤❡ s♣✐♥❡✑✮✱ s❡✈❡♥
r❡✐♥s
✷✵ ✭♣r♦❜✳ ❂ ✏t❤❡ s❡✈❡♥ ❝❛❦r❛s✑✮ ❛♥❞ t❤r❡❡ t❤♦♥❣s ✷✶ ✭♣r♦❜✳ ❂
✏t❤r❡❡ ❝❤❛♥♥❡❧s ✖ Id.ā✱ Piṅgala✱ ❛♥❞ Sus.umnā✮✳ ❚✇♦ t❛✇♥② st❡❡❞s
✭s❡❡ ♣r❡✈✐♦✉s s❡❝t✐♦♥✮ ❛r❡ ②♦❦❡❞ ✐♥t♦ s✉❝❤ ❛ ❝❤❛r✐♦t
✷✷ ✳

❇❡❤❛✈✐♦✉r ♦❢ Indra✬s ❝❤❛r✐♦t ✐s ❞❡s❝r✐❜❡❞ ❛s ✏❡♠♣❧♦②✐♥❣ ❛ r✉s❤

♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✑
✷✸ ✱ ✏s❡❡❦✐♥❣ ❝♦✇s✱ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ ❤♦rs❡s✑ ✭✹✳✸✶✳✶✹✱ ✽✳✷✳✸✺✮ ❛♥❞

✷✳✶✻✳✸ ♥♦r t❤❡ ❝❤❛r✐♦t ❬✐s t♦ ❜❡ ❝♦♥t❛✐♥❡❞❪ ✇✐t❤ s❡❛s ❛♥❞ ♠♦✉♥t❛✐♥s
✶✷ ✶✳✺✶✳✶✷ ❚❤♦✉ ❛❧✇❛②s r❡s♦rt t♦ ❛ ❝❤❛r✐♦t ❛t ❞r✐♥❦✐♥❣✲♦❢✲t❤❡✲❜✉❧❧ ❬❜♦✉ts❪✱
❞✉r✐♥❣ ✇❤✐❝❤ t❤♦✉ ✐♥✢❛♠❡ ❜r♦✉❣❤t ❢♦r✇❛r❞ ❬✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥s❪ ♦❢ Śaryāta✳
✶✸ ✽✳✻✾✳✶✻ ▼♦✉♥t✱ t❤❡♥✱ ❖ ❝❤♦♦s② ♠❛st❡r ♦❢ t❤❡ ❤♦✉s❡❤♦❧❞✱ t❤❡ ❡♥❝❤❛♥t✐♥❣
❝❤❛r✐♦t✦
✶✳✸✵✳✶✻ ❍❡✱ ❡♥❞♦✇❡❞ ✇✐t❤ ✇♦♥❞❡r❢✉❧ ♣♦✇❡r✱ ❬✇✐❧❧ ♣r♦❝✉r❡❪ ❢♦r ✉s ❛♥ ❡♥✲
❝❤❛♥t✐♥❣ ❝❤❛r✐♦t✱ ❤❡ ✇✐❧❧ ♣r♦❝✉r❡ ❬✐t❪ ❢♦r ✉s t♦ ❣❛✐♥ ❬t❤❡ ✈✐❝t♦r②❪ ✖ ❤❡ ❤❛s
♦✛❡r❡❞ ❬✐t❪ t♦ ✉s✳
✽✳✶✳✷✺ ❚✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s✱ ❬②♦❦❡❞❪ ✐♥t♦ ❡♥❝❤❛♥t✐♥❣ ❝❤❛r✐♦t✱ ✇✐t❤ s❦✐♥ ❧✐❦❡ ♣❡❛✲
❝♦❝❦✬s✱ ✇❤✐t❡✲❜❛❝❦❡❞✱ s❤❛❧❧ ❝♦♥✈❡② t❤❡❡ ❤❡r❡ t♦ ❞r✐♥❦ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥✐♥❣ ❤♦♥❡②❡❞
❤❡r❜✳
✻✳✷✾✳✷ ■♥ ✇❤✐❝❤ ❤❛♥❞ ♠❛♥❧② ❬♣♦✇❡rs❪ ❤❛✈❡ ❜❡❡♥ ✜r♠❧② ✜①❡❞✱ ❬t❤❛t❪ st❛❞✐♥❣✲
♦♥✲❛✲❝❤❛r✐♦t ✇❛rr✐♦r ✐s ♦♥ ❡♥❝❤❛♥t✐♥❣ ❝❤❛r✐♦t✳
✶✹ ✸✳✹✹✳✶ st❛② ♦♥ t❤❡ ❡♥❝❤❛♥t❡❞ ❝❤❛r✐♦t
✶✺ ✶✳✶✻✳✷ ❬❙✐♥❝❡❪ t❤❡s❡ ❞r✐♣♣✐♥❣ ✇✐t❤ ❣❤❡❡ ❣r❛✐♥s✱ ❬❛♥❞❪ t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s ✇♦✉❧❞
❧❡❛❞ Indra ❤✐t❤❡r ♦♥ t❤❡ ♠♦st ❡❛s②✲❣♦✐♥❣ ❝❤❛r✐♦t
✶✻ ✸✳✸✺✳✹ ❖ Indra✱ st❛♥❞✐♥❣ ♦♥ st✉r❞② ✇❡❧❧✲♥❛✈❡❞ ❝❤❛r✐♦t✱ ❛♥t✐❝✐♣❛t✐♥❣ ❬❞r✐♥❦✲
✐♥❣❪✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❢♦✉♥❞ ❬t❤❡ ✇❛②❪✱ ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤ Soma ❬t♦ ❞r✐♥❦ ✐t❪✳
✸✳✹✶✳✾ ❚✇♦ ❤❛✐r② ♦♥❡s✱ ❞r✐♣♣✐♥❣ ✇✐t❤ ❣❤❡❡✱ s❤❛❧❧ ❝♦♥✈❡② t❤❡❡✱ ❝♦♠✐♥❣ ❤✐t❤✲
❡r✇❛r❞✱ ✐♥ ❛ ✇❡❧❧✲♥❛✈❡❞ ❝❤❛r✐♦t t♦ s✐t ♦♥ ❛ s❛❝r✐✜❝✐❛❧ ❣r❛ss
✶✼ ✽✳✾✽✳✾ ❲✐t❤ ❛ s♦♥❣ t❤❡② ②♦❦❡ t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s ♦❢ ✐♥st✐❣❛t✐♥❣ ♦♥❡ ✐♥t♦ s♣❛✲
❝✐♦✉s✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ s♣❛❝✐♦✉s ②♦❦❡ ❝❤❛r✐♦t✱ t❤❡ t✇♦ ❝♦♥✈❡②✐♥❣ Indra✱ t❤❡ t✇♦ ②♦❦❡❞
❜② ❛♥ ✉tt❡r❛♥❝❡✳
✶✽ ✶✵✳✹✹✳✷ ❚❤❡ ❝❤❛r✐♦t ❤❛s ❛ ✜r♠ ❢r❛♠❡
✶✾ ✽✳✸✸✳✶✽ ❬❙t✐❧❧✱❪ ✐t ✐s t❤❡ ♣❛✐r ♦❢ t✇♦ r❡❡❧✐♥❣ ✇✐t❤ ❡①❝✐t❡♠❡♥t st❡❡❞s ✇❤♦ ❞r❛✇
t❤❡ ❝❤❛r✐♦t ❥✉st s♦ t❤❡ ♣♦❧❡ ✐s s✉♣❡r✐♦r t♦ t❤❡ ❜✉❧❧
✷✳✶✽✳✼ ✜① ❡✈❡r② ♣❛✐r ♦❢ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s t♦ ❛ ❝❤❛r✐♦t✲♣♦❧❡
✷✵ ✻✳✹✹✳✷✹ t❤✐s ♦♥❡ ❤❛r♥❡ss❡❞ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ s❡✈❡♥ r❡✐♥s ❝❤❛r✐♦t
✷✶ ✷✳✶✽✳✶ ❆ ❢r❡s❤ ❝❤❛r✐♦t ♦❢ ❢♦✉r ❣❡♥❡r❛t✐♦♥s✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❤r❡❡ t❤♦♥❣s✱ s❡✈❡♥ r❡✐♥s
✳✳✳
✷✷ ✷✳✶✽✳✸ ◆♦✇ t❤❡♥✱ ■ s❤❛❧❧ ②♦❦❡ t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s ✐♥t♦ Indra✬s ❝❤❛r✐♦t ✉s✐♥❣
♥❡✇ ♣r♦♣❡r❧② r❡❝✐t❡❞ ✉tt❡r❛♥❝❡ ✖ ❬❢♦r ❤✐♠❪ t♦ ❝♦♠❡✳
✸✳✹✶✳✾ ❚✇♦ ❤❛✐r② ♦♥❡s✱ ❞r✐♣♣✐♥❣ ✇✐t❤ ❣❤❡❡✱ s❤❛❧❧ ❝♦♥✈❡② t❤❡❡✱ ❝♦♠✐♥❣ ❤✐t❤✲
❡r✇❛r❞✱ ✐♥ ❛ ✇❡❧❧✲♥❛✈❡❞ ❝❤❛r✐♦t t♦ s✐t ♦♥ ❛ s❛❝r✐✜❝✐❛❧ ❣r❛ss
✽✳✸✸✳✶✹ ▲❡t t❛✇♥② ②♦❦❡❞✲t♦✲❛✲❝❤❛r✐♦t ♦♥❡s ❝♦♥✈❡② ❤❡r❡ t❤❡❡ ✇❤♦ ✐s st❛♥❞✐♥❣
♦♥ ❛ ❝❤❛r✐♦t
✷✸ ✺✳✸✶✳✶ Indra ♠❛❦❡s ❛ s✇✐❢t ❝♦✉rs❡ ❢♦r ❛ ❝❤❛r✐♦t t❤❛t ❤❡✱ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s✱ ❛s❝❡♥❞❡❞✱
❬t❤❛t❪ ❡♠♣❧♦②s t❤❡ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✳
✜♥❞✐♥❣ ❝♦✇s ✭✶✳✽✷✳✹✮✱ ❜❡✐♥❣ ❞❛r✐♥❣ ❛♥❞ ♥♦t✲t♦✲❜❡✲❞✐✈❡rt❡❞
✷✹ ✭♣r♦❜✳
❂ ✏❢♦❝✉s❡❞✑✮✱ ❞✐✣❝✉❧t t♦ s✉r♣❛ss✱ ❧❡❛❞✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❜❛tt❧❡s✱ ♣❛rt✐❝✐♣❛t✐♥❣
✐♥ ❡✈❡r② ❝♦♥t❡st
✷✺ ✱ ❛♥❞ ❧❡❛❞✐♥❣ t♦ ✈✐❝t♦r②✷✻ ✳

❲❤✐❧❡ Indra ❛s❝❡♥❞s ❛ ❝❤❛r✐♦t ♣r♦♠♦t❡❞ ❜② ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡rs ✷✽ ✱ ❤❡ ✐s

✉r❣❡❞ t♦ ❥♦✉r♥❡② ❞♦✇♥✇❛r❞s t❤r♦✉❣❤ t❤❡ ❡♥t✐r❡ ❝❤❛r✐♦t ✇❤❡♥ ❛♣✲
♣r♦❛❝❤✐♥❣ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❤♦st✐❧❡ t♦ ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡rs ✐♥t❡♥t✐♦♥s ♠♦rt❛❧
✷✾ ✳ ❚❤❡s❡
t✇♦ ♣❤r❛s❡s ♠✐❣❤t ❜❡ ✐♥t❡r♣r❡t❡❞ ❛s Indra ❜❡✐♥❣ ❝❛♣❛❜❧❡ t♦ ✉♥❧❡❛s❤
❛♥✐♠❛❧✲❧✐❦❡ ❢✉r② ✐♥ t❤❡ ❧♦✇❡st ❝❛❦r❛s t❤✉s ♣❧❛❝✐♥❣ ✐t ❜❡②♦♥❞ ❝♦♥✲
s❝✐♦✉s ❝♦♥tr♦❧✱ ❜✉t ❝❛♥ ❛❧s♦ ♣❧❛❝❡ ✐t ✐♥t♦ ✉♣♣❡r ❝❛❦r❛s t♦ ❜❡ ✉♥❞❡r
♣r❡❝✐s❡ ❝♦♥s❝✐♦✉s ❝♦♥tr♦❧✳ ❚❤❡ ✜rst ❝♦✉rs❡ ✐s ✇✐s❤❡❞ t♦ t❤♦s❡ ✇❤♦
❤❛✈❡ ❤♦st✐❧❡ t♦ ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡rs ✐♥t❡♥t✐♦♥s✱ ✇❤✐❧❡ t❤❡ s❡❝♦♥❞ ♦♥❡✱ ❛♥ ✐♥✲
st✐❣❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ✐♥✲❝♦♥tr♦❧ ✜❣❤t✐♥❣ s♣✐r✐t ✭✸✳✸✹✳✷✮✱ ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡rs ❞❡s✐r❡ ❢♦r
s♦♠❡ ♦❢ t❤❡✐r ♦✇♥ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s
✸✵ ✳

❚✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s

Indra ✐s ❡♥❤❛♥❝❡❞ ❛♥❞ ❝♦♥✈❡②❡❞✶ t♦ ❤✐s ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡rs ❜② ❛ ♣❛✐r ♦❢ t✇♦
t❛✇♥② ✭hári✮ ✏st❡❡❞s✑ ✭✽✳✸✸✳✶✽✱ ✶✵✳✶✵✺✳✷✮✳ ❚❤❡② ❝❛♥ ❜❡ ②♦❦❡❞ t♦

✽✳✽✵✳✻ ❆✐❞ ♦✉r s❡❡❦✐♥❣ ❛ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r ❝❤❛r✐♦t✦

✷✹ ✹✳✸✶✳✶✹ ❖✉r s♣❧❡♥❞✐❞ ♥♦t✲t♦✲❜❡✲❞✐✈❡rt❡❞ ❝❤❛r✐♦t✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❞❛r✐♥❣❧② ♠♦✈❡s
❛❣❛✐♥ ❛♥❞ ❛❣❛✐♥✱ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ ❝♦✇s✱ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ ❤♦rs❡s✳
✷✺ ✺✳✸✺✳✼ ❉♦ ❢❛✈♦✉r ♦✉r ❝❤❛r✐♦t ✳✳✳ t❤❛t ✐s ❞✐✣❝✉❧t t♦ s✉r♣❛ss✱ t❤❛t ✐s ❧❡❛❞✐♥❣
✐♥ ❜❛tt❧❡s✱ t❤❛t ♣❛rt✐❝✐♣❛t❡s ✐♥ ❡✈❡r② ❝♦♥t❡st✱ t❤❛t ✐s ♣r❛❝t✐❝✐♥❣ r✉s❤❡s ♦❢
✈✐❣♦✉r✳
✷✻ ✶✵✳✶✵✸✳✺ ♠♦✉♥t ❧❡❛❞✐♥❣ t♦ ✈✐❝t♦r② ❝❤❛r✐♦t✦
✶✳✶✵✷✳✸ Pr♦♠♦t❡ ✐♥❞❡❡❞ t❤❛t ❝❤❛r✐♦t✷✼ ✳✳✳ ❢♦r ♦❜t❛✐♥✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡❪ ✇❤✐❝❤
✇❡ ✇✐❧❧ ❝❤❡❡r t♦ t❤❡❡ ✐♥ ❛ ♠❡❡t✐♥❣ ❛s ❧❡❛❞✐♥❣✲t♦✲✈✐❝t♦r② ♦♥❡✦
✷✽ ✺✳✸✶✳✶ Indra ♠❛❦❡s ❛ s✇✐❢t ❝♦✉rs❡ ❢♦r ❛ ❝❤❛r✐♦t t❤❛t ❤❡✱ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s✱ ❛s❝❡♥❞❡❞✱
❬t❤❛t❪ ❡♠♣❧♦②s ❛ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✳
✷✾ ✺✳✸✺✳✺ ❚♦✇❛r❞s ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❤♦st✐❧❡ ✐♥t❡♥t✐♦♥s ♠♦rt❛❧ ✳✳✳ ❞♦ t❤♦✉ ✳✳✳ ❥♦✉r♥❡②
❞♦✇♥✇❛r❞s t❤r♦✉❣❤ t❤❡ ❡♥t✐r❡ ❝❤❛r✐♦t
✸✵ ✶✳✽✸✳✺ ✇❡ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡ t♦ t❤❡ ✐♠♠♦rt❛❧ ♦♥❡ ✇✐t❤ ❛ ✈✐❡✇ t♦ ❛ ❜✐rt❤ ♦❢ ❛ r❡str❛✐♥t
✺✳✸✹✳✼ ❛♥ ✏❛❧❧✲❝♦♥t❛✐♥✐♥❣✑ ♣❡rs♦♥ ✇❤♦ ❤❛s ♣r♦✈♦❦❡❞ ❤✐s ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝♦♥tr♦❧
❬❡♥t✐r❡ ❜♦❞②❪ ✐s ♥♦t t♦ ❜❡ ♦❢t❡♥ ❤❡❧❞ ✐♥ ❤❛r❞✲t♦✲❡s❝❛♣❡ ♣❧❛❝❡✳
✶✳✺✻✳✸✲✹ ❬Indra✱❪ ♣r♦✈♦❦✐♥❣ ❛♥❣❡r ✐♥ ❬❤✐s❪ ❤❡❧♣❡rs✱ s❤❛❧❧ ❞❡t❛✐♥ ❬Śus
.n. a❪ ✐♥
❢❡tt❡rs✱ ✐❢ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥✐♥❣ t❤❡❡ ❞✐✈✐♥❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝♦♥tr♦❧ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡s Indra ✐♥
♦r❞❡r t♦ ❤❡❧♣ ❬t❤❛t❪
✶ ✸✳✹✶✳✾ ❚✇♦ ❤❛✐r② ♦♥❡s✱ ❞r✐♣♣✐♥❣ ✇✐t❤ ❣❤❡❡✱ s❤❛❧❧ ❝♦♥✈❡② t❤❡❡✱ ❝♦♠✐♥❣ ❤✐t❤✲
❡r✇❛r❞✱ ✐♥ ❛ ✇❡❧❧✲♥❛✈❡❞ ❝❤❛r✐♦t t♦ s✐t ♦♥ ❛ s❛❝r✐✜❝✐❛❧ ❣r❛ss✳
✽✳✸✹✳✾ ❍❡r❡ t✇♦ r❡❡❧✐♥❣ ✇✐t❤ ❡①❝✐t❡♠❡♥t t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s ✇♦✉❧❞ ❝❛rr② t❤❡❡ ❛s
t✇♦ ✇✐♥❣s ❬❝❛rr②❪ ❛ ❤❛✇❦✳
✽✳✸✷✳✸✵ ❚✇♦ t❛✇♥② ❡✉❧♦❣✐③❡❞✲❜②✲priyamedha✲s ✇♦✉❧❞ ❝♦♥✈❡② t✉r♥❡❞ ❤✐t❤✲
❡r✇❛r❞ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ ♠✉❝❤✲❡✉❧♦❣✐③❡❞ ♦♥❡✱ ❢♦r ❛ ❞r✐♥❦ ♦❢ Soma✳
 ✾✶

❛ ✏❝❤❛r✐♦t✑
✷ ♦r Indra ❝❛♥ ♠♦✉♥t
✸ t❤❡♠ ❞✐r❡❝t❧②✳ ■t s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡ ♥♦t❡❞
t❤❛t t❤❡ ✈❡r❜ ✏t♦ ❝♦♥✈❡②✑ ✐s ✉♥❞❡rst♦♦❞ ✐♥ t❤✐s s❡❝t✐♦♥ ❛s ✐♥ s❡❝t✐♦♥
▼❛♥✐❢❡st✐♥❣ Indra ✖ ✏t♦ ❡♥❣❡♥❞❡r ❛♥ ❡♠❜r②♦ ♦❢ Indra✑✳
❚❤❡ t✇♦ ✏st❡❡❞s✑ ❛r❡ ♠♦st ❢r❡q✉❡♥t❧② ❝❤❛r❛❝t❡r✐③❡❞ ❛s ✏t❛✇♥②✑
❜✉t ✐♥ t✇♦ st❛♥③❛s ✭✹✳✸✷✳✷✷✕✷✸✮ ❛r❡ s❛✐❞ t♦ ❜❡ ✏❜r♦✇♥✐s❤✑ ❛♥❞ ✐♥
♦♥❡ ✏r❡❞❞✐s❤✑ ✭✶✳✻✳✷✮✳ ❚❤❡② ❛r❡ ❤❛✐r② ✭✶✳✽✷✳✻✱✸✳✹✶✳✾✱ ✽✳✶✹✳✶✷✱ ✽✳✶✼✳✷✱
❡t❝✳✮ ❛♥❞ t❤❡✐r ❤❛✐rs ❛r❡ ♦♥❝❡ ♠❡♥t✐♦♥❡❞ ❛s ❜❡✐♥❣ ❣♦❧❞❡♥ ✳
✹ ❖♥❡
st❛♥③❛ s❛②s t❤❛t t❤❡✐r ❜❛❝❦ ✐s ✇❤✐t❡ ❛♥❞ t❤❡✐r s❦✐♥ ✐s ♣❡❛❝♦❝❦✲❧✐❦❡
✺
✻
❛♥❞ ❛♥♦t❤❡r ♦♥❡ s❛②s t❤❛t t❤❡② ❤❛✈❡ ♣❡❛❝♦❝❦✲❧✐❦❡ ❞❛✇♥ ✳

❚❤❡ t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s ❛r❡ ❢❛✐r✲❧✐♠❜❡❞ ✭✸✳✹✸✳✹✮✳ ■♥ t❤❡✐r ♠♦✈❡✲

♠❡♥ts t❤❡② ❛r❡ ♣r♦♠♣t ✭✶✵✳✾✻✳✼✮✱ ❛❣✐❧❡ ✭✸✳✸✺✳✷✱ ✽✳✹✾✳✽✮✱ s✇✐❢t
✭✸✳✸✺✳✹✮✱ ♠♦✈✐♥❣ q✉✐❝❦❧② ✭✽✳✹✾✳✽✮✱ ✢❡❡t ✭✶✵✳✹✾✳✷✮✱ ❣♦✐♥❣✲str❛✐❣❤t
✭✹✳✶✻✳✶✶✮✱ ❤❛st❡♥✐♥❣ ❛♥❞ ❡✈❡♥ r❛s❤ ✭✶✳✺✶✳✶✶✮✳

■♥ t❤❡✐r ❝❤❛r❛❝t❡r✱ t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s ❛r❡ ❧✐❦❡ ❜✉❧❧s ✱ ♠✐❣❤t②

✼
✭✽✳✹✳✶✶✮✱ ❝❛♣❛❜❧❡ ✭✽✳✷✳✷✼✮✱ ❞❛r✐♥❣ ✭✶✳✻✳✷✮✱ s♦♠❡t✐♠❡s ♦✈❡r♣♦✇❡r✐♥❣ ✱
✽
❜✉t ♦♥ ♠❛♥② ♦❝❝❛s✐♦♥s r❡❢r❛❝t♦r② ✭✽✳✶✷✳✶✺✮✱ ♦r r❡❧✉❝t❛♥t ✭✶✵✳✷✸✳✶✱
✶✵✳✶✵✺✳✷✱ ✶✵✳✹✾✳✷✮✱ t❤♦✉❣❤ ❝❛❧❧❡❞ ✏t❤✉♥❞❡r❡rs✑ ✭✶✵✳✶✵✺✳✹✮✳ ❚❤❡② ❝❛♥
❜❡ st✐♠✉❧❛t❡❞ ✐♥t♦ ❛❝t✐✈✐t②
✾ ✖ ❛t ❧❡❛st✱ ❛♥ ❡❛r♥❡st ❞❡s✐r❡ ❛♥❞ Soma

✷ ✸✳✸✺✳✷ ❢♦r t❤❡ ♠✉❝❤ ✐♥✈♦❦❡❞ ♦♥❡ t✇♦ ❛❣✐❧❡ ❝♦✉rs❡rs✱ t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s✱ ■ ②♦❦❡
✐♥t♦ ❤❛r♥❡ss ♦❢ t❤❡ ❝❤❛r✐♦t s♦ t❤❛t ❥✉st ❛s q✉✐❝❦❧② t❤❡② ✇✐❧❧ ❝♦♥✈❡② Indra
t♦ t❤✐s✱ ✐♥ ❡✈❡r② ✇❛② ♣r❡♣❛r❡❞✱ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡✳
✶✵✳✾✻✳✻ ❚❤❡②✱ t✇♦ t♦✲❜❡✲❞❡❧✐❣❤t❡❞✲✐♥ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s ❝♦♥✈❡② Indra ♦♥ ❛ ❝❤❛r✐♦t
✸ ✻✳✷✵✳✾ ▲✐❦❡ ❛ s❤♦♦t❡r ❛ ❤✐❣❤ s❡❛t✱ ❤❡ s❤❛❧❧ ♠♦✉♥t t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s
✶✳✺✶✳✶✶ ❲❤❡♥ ✳✳✳ ❤❡ ❤❛s ✐♥✢❛♠❡❞ t✇♦ ❤❛st❡♥✐♥❣✱ ❬❡✈❡♥❪ r❛s❤ ❬❤♦rs❡s❪✱ Indra
♠♦✉♥ts ❬t❤❡♠❪✳
✹ ✽✳✸✷✳✷✾✱✽✳✾✸✳✷✹ ❚❤♦s❡ t✇♦ ❝♦♥✈✐✈✐❛❧ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s ✇✐t❤ ❣♦❧❞❡♥ ❤❛✐r s❤❛❧❧ ❝♦♥✲
✈❡② ❬❤✐♠❪ ❤❡r❡ t♦ t❤❡ ♣r❡♣❛r❡❞ ❞❡❧✐❣❤t✳
✺ ✽✳✶✳✷✺ ❚✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s✱ ❬②♦❦❡❞❪ ✐♥t♦ ❡♥❝❤❛♥t✐♥❣ ❝❤❛r✐♦t✱ ✇✐t❤ s❦✐♥ ❧✐❦❡
♣❡❛❝♦❝❦✬s✱ ✇❤✐t❡✲❜❛❝❦❡❞
✻ ✸✳✹✺✳✶ ❏♦✉r♥❡② ❤❡r❡✱ ❖ Indra✱ ✇✐t❤ ❞❡❧✐❣❤t❢✉❧ t❛✇♥② ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ♣❡❛❝♦❝❦✲❧✐❦❡
❞❛✇♥ ♦♥❡s✳
✼ ✶✳✶✼✼✳✷ ❲❤✐❝❤ st❡❡❞s ❬❛r❡❪ ②♦❦❡❞✲❜②✲❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❝❤❛r✐♦t t❤❛t ✐s ❧✐❦❡
❛ ❜✉❧❧✱ r❡s❡♠❜❧✐♥❣✲❜✉❧❧s ♦❢ ❜✉❧❧ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Indra✱ r❡s♦rt t♦ t❤♦s❡✦
✷✳✶✻✳✻✱ ✽✳✸✸✳✶✶ t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s ❛r❡ ❜✉❧❧s
✶✳✶✵ ✸ ❉♦ ②♦❦❡ t✇♦ ✇❡❧❧✲❢❡❞ ❤❛✐r② t❛✇♥② ❜✉❧❧s
✼✳✶✾✳✻ ❢♦r t❤❡ ❜✉❧❧ ✖ ❢♦r t❤❡❡ ✖ ■ ②♦❦❡ t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ❜✉❧❧s
✶✵✳✹✾✳✷ ■ ❬❞r♦✈❡❪ t✇♦ r❡❧✉❝t❛♥t ✢❡❡t t❛✇♥② ❜✉❧❧s
✽ ✽✳✹✾✳✽ ❧✐❦❡ ✇✐♥❞s ❬❛r❡❪ ♣♦ss❡ss✐♥❣ ♠❡❛♥s t♦ ♦✈❡r♣♦✇❡r
✽✳✶✸✳✶✵ ♦✈❡r♣♦✇❡r✐♥❣ t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s ✇✐❧❧ ❝♦♠❡ t♦ t❤❡ ❤♦✉s❡ ♦❢ ❢✉❧❧✲♦❢✲
r❡✈❡r❡♥❝❡ ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡r✳
✾ ✹✳✸✷✳✷✷ ■ st✐♠✉❧❛t❡ t❤②✱ ❖ ❝❧❡❛r❧② ✈✐s✐❜❧❡ ♦♥❡✱ t✇♦ ❜r♦✇♥✐s❤ ♦♥❡s
✶✵✳✾✻✳✶ ■ s❤❛❧❧ st✐♠✉❧❛t❡ ❛t ❛ ❣r❡❛t ❦♥♦✇❧❡❞❣❡✲s❤❛r✐♥❣ s❡ss✐♦♥ t❤② t✇♦ t❛✇♥②
♦♥❡s
✾✷ ❚✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s
❥✉✐❝❡s ❤❡❧♣ ✇✐t❤ t❤❛t✶✵ ✳ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ✐s ♥♦✉r✐s❤✐♥❣ t❤❡♠✶✶ ✱ ❣r❛✐♥ ❢❡❡❞s
t❤❡♠✶✷ ✱ ❛♥❞ Soma✱ ✇❤✐❝❤ t❤❡② ❞r✐♥❦ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ Indra✶✸ ✱ ✐s ❛
❜❧❡ss✐♥❣ ❢♦r t❤❡♠✶✹ ✳ ❲❤❡♥ t❤❡② ❛r❡ ♥♦t r❡❧✉❝t❛♥t✱ t❤❡② ❛r❡ r❡❡❧✲
✐♥❣ ✇✐t❤ ❡①❝✐t❡♠❡♥t ✭✽✳✸✸✳✶✽✱ ✽✳✸✹✳✾✮✱ ❞r✐♣♣✐♥❣ ✇✐t❤ ❣❤❡❡ ✭✸✳✹✶✳✾✮✱
❞❡❧✐❣❤t❢✉❧ ✭✸✳✹✺✳✶✮✱ ❝♦♥✈✐✈✐❛❧ ✭✽✳✶✸✳✷✼✱ ✽✳✾✸✳✷✹✮✱ ❛♥❞ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s
✭✻✳✹✵✳✶✮ ❛t ❞r✐♥❦✐♥❣ ❜♦✉ts ✭✸✳✸✺✳✹✮✳
❚❤❡ t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s ❝❛♥ ❣r♦✇ str♦♥❣❡r✶✺ ✐♥ ❝♦♥s❡q✉❡♥❝❡ ♦❢
Indra✬s ✇❛rr✐♦r✲✇♦rt❤② ❛❝t✐♦♥s ✶✻ ♦r Vis.n.u✬s str✐❞❡s ✶✼ ✳
❚❤❡② s❡❡❦ t♦ s❡r✈❡ Indra✶✽ ✇❤♦♠ ❛❧♦♥❡ t❤❡② ❝♦♥✈❡②✶✾ t♦ ❞r✐♥❦
Soma✷✵ ♦r t♦ ❛ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡✷✶ ❀ t❤❡② ❝❛rr② Indra ♠♦st❧② ♦♥ ❛ ❝❤❛r✐♦t✷✷ ✱
❜✉t t❤❛t ✐s ♥♦t t❤❡ ♦♥❧② ❡✛❡❝t t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s ❤❛✈❡✳
❆❝t✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❤❛r♠♦♥② ✇✐t❤ t❤❡♠✱ Indra ❥♦✉r♥❡②s q✉✐❝❦❧②✷✸ ✱ ❛♥❞ ✐♥

✶✵ ✶✵✳✷✸✳✷ t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s ♦❢ t❤✐s ♦♥❡ ✇❤✐❝❤ ❬❛r❡ ❛❝t✐✈❡❪ ✇❤❡♥ ❬t❤❡r❡ ✐s❪ ❛♥
❡❛r♥❡st ❞❡s✐r❡
✶✵✳✾✻✳✼ ♣❛❧❡✲②❡❧❧♦✇ ❬❥✉✐❝❡s❪ s❤❛❧❧ ✐♥❝✐t❡ t✇♦ ♣r♦♠♣t t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s ❢♦r t❤❡ st❡❛❞✲
❢❛st ♦♥❡✳
✶✶ ✸✳✹✹✳✸ ♥♦✉r✐s❤✐♥❣✲t❛✇♥②✲♦♥❡s ❍❡❛✈❡♥
✶✷ ✸✳✸✺✳✼ Pr❡♣❛r❡❞ ✐s t❤❡ ❣r❛✐♥ ❢♦r t❤② t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s t♦ ❡❛t✳
✶✸ ✽✳✶✸✳✷✼ ❥♦✐♥✐♥❣ t❤♦s❡ t✇♦ ❝♦♥✈✐✈✐❛❧ ♦♥❡s t♦ ❞r✐♥❦ Soma
✸✳✸✺✳✹ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s ❛t ❛ ❞r✐♥❦✐♥❣ ❜♦✉t
✶✹ ✽✳✶✺✳✹ ❲❡ ❡①t♦❧ t❤❛t ✇✐♥❡ ✳✳✳ ❬t❤❛t ✐s❪ ❛ ❜❧❡ss✐♥❣ ❢♦r t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s
✶✺ ✽✳✶✷✳✷✽ ❲❤❡♥ t❤② t✇♦ ❞❡❧✐❣❤t❡❞✲✐♥ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s ❤❛✈❡ ❜❡❡♥ ❣r♦✇✐♥❣ str♦♥❣
❞❛②✲❛❢t❡r✲❞❛② ♦♥❧② ❛❢t❡r ❬t❤❛t❪ ❛❧❧ ♣❧❛❝❡s ♦❢ ❡①✐st❡♥❝❡ ❡①t❡♥❞❡❞ t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s
❢♦r t❤❡❡✳
✶✻ ✽✳✶✷✳✷✺ ❲❤❡♥ deva✲s ♣✉t t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Indra✱ ✐♥ ❢r♦♥t ✐♥ ❛ ❝❧♦s❡ ❝♦♠❜❛t ✖ ♦♥❧②
❛❢t❡r ❬t❤❛t❪ t❤② t✇♦ ❞❡❧✐❣❤t❡❞✲✐♥ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s ❤❛✈❡ ❣r♦✇♥ str♦♥❣✳
✽✳✶✷✳✷✻ ❲❤❡♥ t❤♦✉✱ ✉s✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱ ❤❛✈❡ ❞❡❢❡❛t❡❞ ♦❜str✉❝t✐♥❣
✢♦✇✐♥❣ ✇❛t❡rs Vr.tra✱ ♦♥❧② ❛❢t❡r ❬t❤❛t❪ t❤② t✇♦ ❞❡❧✐❣❤t❡❞✲✐♥ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s ❤❛✈❡
❣r♦✇♥ str♦♥❣✳
✶✼ ✽✳✶✷✳✷✼ ❲❤❡♥ ❢♦r t❤② s❛❦❡ Visnu ❡♥❡r❣❡t✐❝❛❧❧② ❤❛s str♦❞❡ ♦✉t t❤❡ t❤r❡❡
st❡♣s✱ ♦♥❧② ❛❢t❡r ❬t❤❛t❪ t❤② t✇♦ .❞❡❧✐❣❤t❡❞✲✐♥
.
t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s ❤❛✈❡ ❣r♦✇♥ str♦♥❣✳
✶✽ ✸✳✺✵✳✶ ■ ②♦❦❡ t✇♦ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ t♦ s❡r✈❡ t❤❡❡ ❬❤♦rs❡s❪ ✇❤♦s❡ ❛s ♦❢ ♦❧❞ ✇✐❧❧✐♥❣
s❡r✈✐❝❡ t❤♦✉ ❢❛✈♦✉r❡❞
✶✾ ✶✳✽✹✳✷ ❚✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s ❝♦♥✈❡② ♦r ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥② ❥✉st Indra
✶✳✼✳✷ ■♥ t❤❡ ♣r❡s❡♥❝❡ ♦❢ t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s ♦♥❧② Indra ❬✐s❪ ❡♥❞♦✇❡❞ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡
t✇♦ t❤❛t ❛r❡ ②♦❦❡❞ ❜② ❛♥ ✉tt❡r❛♥❝❡✳
✷✵ ✽✳✸✷✳✸✵ ❚✇♦ t❛✇♥② ❡✉❧♦❣✐③❡❞✲❜②✲priyamedha✲s ✇♦✉❧❞ ❝♦♥✈❡② t✉r♥❡❞ ❤✐t❤✲
❡r✇❛r❞ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ ♠✉❝❤✲❡✉❧♦❣✐③❡❞ ♦♥❡✱ ❢♦r ❛ ❞r✐♥❦ ♦❢ Soma✳
✷✶ ✽✳✶✹✳✶✷ ✐t ✐s ❥✉st Indra ✇❤♦♠ t✇♦ ❤❛✐r② t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s ✇♦✉❧❞ ❝♦♥✈❡② t♦ ✇❡❧❧✲
s❛t✐s❢②✐♥❣ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡ ❢♦r ❛ ❞r✐♥❦ ♦❢ Soma✳
✷✷ ✶✵✳✾✻✳✻ ❚❤❡②✱ t✇♦ t♦✲❜❡✲❞❡❧✐❣❤t❡❞✲✐♥ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s ❝♦♥✈❡② Indra ♦♥ ❛ ❝❤❛r✐♦t
✶✳✶✻✳✷ t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s ✇♦✉❧❞ ❧❡❛❞ Indra ❤✐t❤❡r ♦♥ t❤❡ ♠♦st ❡❛s②✲❣♦✐♥❣
❝❤❛r✐♦t
✸✳✹✶✳✾ ❚✇♦ ❤❛✐r② ♦♥❡s✱ ❞r✐♣♣✐♥❣ ✇✐t❤ ❣❤❡❡✱ s❤❛❧❧ ❝♦♥✈❡② t❤❡❡✱ ❝♦♠✐♥❣ ❤✐t❤✲
❡r✇❛r❞✱ ✐♥ ❛ ✇❡❧❧✲♥❛✈❡❞ ❝❤❛r✐♦t t♦ s✐t ♦♥ ❛ s❛❝r✐✜❝✐❛❧ ❣r❛ss✳
✷✸ ✸✳✹✸✳✸ ❬t❤♦✉✱❪ ❛❝t✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❤❛r♠♦♥② ✇✐t❤ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s✱ ❖ deva Indra✱ ❥♦✉r♥❡②
q✉✐❝❦❧②
 ✾✸

t❤❡✐r ♣r❡s❡♥❝❡ ❤❡ r❡s❡♠❜❧❡s ❛ ❜✉❧❧

✷✹ ❛♥❞ ✐s ❛♥ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✷✺ ❀
✷✻
✇❤❡♥ t❤❡ t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s ❛r❡ ❛❝t✐✈❡✱ Indra ❜❡❝♦♠❡s ❛ Vrtra✲s❧❛②❡r ❀ .
t❤❡② ❝♦♥✈❡② ♥♦t ♦♥❧② Indra ❜✉t ❛❧s♦ ❤✐s ♠✐❣❤t ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦
✐♥❝r❡❛s❡ ✐♥ s✐③❡
✷✼ ✳

❚❤❡r❡ ✐s ❛ st❛t❡♠❡♥t t❤❛t t❤❡ t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s ❢❛❝✐❧✐t❛t❡ ♦❜t❛✐♥✲

✐♥❣ ♦✛s♣r✐♥❣s
✷✽ ✱ ❛♥❞✱ ✐♥ ❣❡♥❡r❛❧✱ ✐t s❡❡♠s✱ ❝❤❛♥❣❡ ❛tt✐t✉❞❡s t♦✇❛r❞s
✷✾
❢❛✈♦✉r✐♥❣ ❛❝t✐♦♥ ✳ ❇❡✐♥❣ ❛✇❛② ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s✱ Indra ❜❡✲
✸✵
❝♦♠❡s st✐✛✱ ♦r ✏❛s ✐❢ ❢r♦③❡♥✑ ✳
❋♦r ❤✉♠❛♥s t❤❛t ❛r❡ ♥♦t ✐♥ t❤❡ st❛t❡ ♦❢ Indra✱ t❤❡ t✇♦ t❛✇♥②
♦♥❡s ♦♥ ❛r❡ ✏s♣r❡❛❞✐♥❣✲♦♥❡✬s✲✇✐♥❣s✑
✸✶ ✱ ❛♥❞ ✏❤❡❧♣✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❞✐r❡ str❛✐❣❤ts✑
✭✽✳✺✵✳✼✮✱ ②❡t ✐♥ t❤❡ ♣r❡s❡♥❝❡ ♦❢ Indra ❡♥❡♠✐❡s ♦❢ Indra ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡rs
❞♦ ♥♦t r❡❧② ✐♥ ❝❧❛s❤❡s ♦♥ t❤❡ t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s
✸✷ ✳ ❚❤❡ t✇♦ t❛✇♥②
♦♥❡s ❛❧s♦ ♣♦ss❡ss ❛ s♦✉r❝❡ ♦❢ ♣❧❡❛s✉r❡
✸✸ ❛♥❞ ♠❛❦❡ ✏♦♦③✐♥❣ ✇✐t❤ ❣❤❡❡
✸✹
s♦✉♥❞✑ ✳
❚❤❡ t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s ❝♦♥✈❡②
✸✺ Indra✱ ♠♦st❧② ♦♥ ❛ ❝❤❛r✐♦t
✸✻ ✱ ❛♥❞

✷✹ ✶✳✺✹✳✸ ✐♥ t❤❡ ♣r❡s❡♥❝❡ ♦❢ t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s ❤❡ r❡s❡♠❜❧❡s ❛ ❜✉❧❧

✷✺ ✶✵✳✶✵✺✳✹ ✐♥ t❤❡ ♣r❡s❡♥❝❡ ♦❢ ❬t❤♦s❡❪ t✇♦ r❡❧✉❝t❛♥t t❤✉♥❞❡r❡rs Indra ❬✐s❪ t❤❡
❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡
✷✻ ✶✵✳✷✸✳✷ ❬■♥ t❤❛t ❝❛s❡✱ ✇❤❡♥ t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s ❛r❡ ❛❝t✐✈❡❪ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ✇✐t❤ r❡✲
✇❛r❞s Indra s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ Vr.tra✲s❧❛②❡r
✷✼ ✽✳✻✺✳✹ ▲❡t t❤♦s❡ ❜❡❛r✐♥❣ ♦♥ ❛ ❝❤❛r✐♦t✱ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s ❝♦♥✈❡② ❤❡r❡ t❤②✱ ❖ deva✱
♠✐❣❤t✱ t❤②✱ ❖ Indra✱ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ✐♥❝r❡❛s❡ ✐♥ s✐③❡✦
✷✽ ✽✳✹✾✳✽ ❚❤② ❛❣✐❧❡ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s ✇❤✐❝❤✱ ♠♦✈✐♥❣ q✉✐❝❦❧②✱ ❧✐❦❡ ✇✐♥❞s✱ ❬❛r❡❪ ♣♦s✲
s❡ss✐♥❣ ♠❡❛♥s t♦ ♦✈❡r♣♦✇❡r✱ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ✇❤✐❝❤ t❤♦✉ ❣♦ ❛❜♦✉t ❤✉♠❛♥
♦✛s♣r✐♥❣❬s❪✱ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ✇❤✐❝❤ ❬t❤♦✉ ❣♦ ❛❜♦✉t❪ t❤❡ ❛❧❧✲♣❡r✈❛❞✐♥❣ ❬❧✐❣❤t❪ t♦
❜❡❤♦❧❞ svàr✳
✷✾ ✽✳✶✸✳✷✼ ■♥ t❤✐s ❝❛s❡✱ ❥♦✐♥✐♥❣ t❤♦s❡ t✇♦ ❝♦♥✈✐✈✐❛❧ ♦♥❡s t♦ ❞r✐♥❦ Soma✱ t✇♦
t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s ✇❤♦s❡ ❜❡♥❡✜t ✐s ✏❢♦rt❤ t♦ t❤❛t✑
✶✵✳✶✵✺✳✼ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s ❬❤❡ ✐s❪ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② ❡♥❝❤❛♥t✐♥❣✲
t❤❡✲♠✐♥❞ ❛♥❣❡r ❬❜✉t ❤✐s❪ ❥❛✇ ❬✐s❪ ♥♦t ✜❧❧❡❞ ✇✐t❤ ❝r✐❡s
✸✵ ✶✵✳✶✵✺✳✸ ❬❚❤♦s❡ t✇♦✱❪ ❛✇❛② ❢r♦♠ ✇❤✐❝❤ Indra ❜❡❝♦♠❡s st✐✛ ❛s ❛ ♠♦rt❛❧
❬✇❤♦ ❜❡❝❛♠❡❪ ✇❡❛r② ❬❛♥❞❪ ❢r✐❣❤t❡♥❡❞
✸✶ ✶✳✻✳✷ ❚❤❡② ②♦❦❡ ❤✐s t✇♦ ❛♠✐❛❜❧❡ s♣r❡❛❞✐♥❣✲♦♥❡✬s✲✇✐♥❣s t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s t♦ t❤❡
❝❤❛r✐♦t
✸✷ ✶✳✺✳✹ ■♥ ✇❤♦s❡ ♣r❡s❡♥❝❡ ❡♥❡♠✐❡s ❞♦ ♥♦t r❡❧② ♦♥ t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s ❢♦r ❝❧❛s❤❡s
✸✸ ✸✳✹✹✳✸ Indra ♠❛❞❡ ♥♦✉r✐s❤✐♥❣✲t❛✇♥②✲♦♥❡s ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ❬❛♥❞❪ ❤❛✈✐♥❣✲✈❡r❞❛♥t✲
❛♣♣❡❛r❛♥❝❡ ❊❛rt❤ t♦ ♠❛✐♥t❛✐♥ ♣❧❡♥t✐❢✉❧ s♦✉r❝❡ ♦❢ ♣❧❡❛s✉r❡ ✐♥ t❤❡ t✇♦ t❛✇♥②
♦♥❡s ❜❡t✇❡❡♥ ✇❤✐❝❤ t❤❡ ❡♥❝❤❛♥t✐♥❣ ♦♥❡ s❤❛❧❧ r♦❛♠✳
✸✹ ✷✳✶✶✳✼ ❚❤②✱ ❖ Indra✱ t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s✱ ❡♠♣❧♦②✐♥❣ ❛ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱ ♠❛❞❡
♦♦③✐♥❣ ✇✐t❤ ❣❤❡❡ s♦✉♥❞
✸✺ ✽✳✸✹✳✾ ❍❡r❡ t✇♦ r❡❡❧✐♥❣ ✇✐t❤ ❡①❝✐t❡♠❡♥t t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s ✇♦✉❧❞ ❝❛rr② t❤❡❡ ❛s
t✇♦ ✇✐♥❣s ❬❝❛rr②❪ t❤❡ ❤❛✇❦✳
✽✳✸✷✳✸✵ ❚✇♦ t❛✇♥② ❡✉❧♦❣✐③❡❞✲❜②✲priyamedha✲s ✇♦✉❧❞ ❝♦♥✈❡② t✉r♥❡❞ ❤✐t❤✲
❡r✇❛r❞ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ ♠✉❝❤✲❡✉❧♦❣✐③❡❞ ♦♥❡✱ ❢♦r ❛ ❞r✐♥❦ ♦❢ Soma✳
✽✳✾✸✳✷✹ ❚❤♦s❡ t✇♦ ❝♦♥✈✐✈✐❛❧ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s ✇✐t❤ ❣♦❧❞❡♥ ❤❛✐r s❤❛❧❧ ❝♦♥✈❡② ❬❤✐♠❪
❤❡r❡ t♦ t❤❡ ♣r❡♣❛r❡❞ ❞❡❧✐❣❤t
❡t❝✳
✸✻ ✶✵✳✾✻✳✻ ❚❤❡②✱ t✇♦ t♦✲❜❡✲❞❡❧✐❣❤t❡❞✲✐♥ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s ❝♦♥✈❡② Indra ♦♥✴♦♥t♦ ❛
✾✹ ❚✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s
s♦♠❡t✐♠❡s ❡✈❡♥ ✇✐t❤♦✉t Soma✸✼ ✱ ❛♥❞ ❛❧s♦ ❜r✐♥❣ s♦♠❡ ♦❢ ❤✐s ♣♦✇❡rs
t♦ ❤✐s ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡rs ✸✾ ✳
❚♦ ❝♦♥✈❡② Indra ♦♥ ❛ ❝❤❛r✐♦t✱ t❤❡ t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s ♥❡❡❞ t♦ ❜❡
②♦❦❡❞ t♦ t❤❡ ❝❤❛r✐♦t✳ ❚❤❡ ②♦❦✐♥❣ ✐s ❞♦♥❡ ❜② ❛♥ ✐♥✈♦❦❡r ♦❢ Indra✹✵ ✱
❜② ♣❛rt✐❝✐♣❛♥ts ♦❢ ❛ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡✹✶ ✱ ❜② Tvas..t.r✹✷ ✱ ♦r ❜② Indra ❤✐♠s❡❧❢ ✹✸ ✱
❜✉t ✉♥②♦❦✐♥❣✱ ❛s ♠❡♥t✐♦♥❡❞ ✐♥ t❤❡ ❤②♠♥s✱ ✐s ❞♦♥❡ ♦♥❧② ❜② Indra✹✹ ✳
❚❤❡ ②♦❦✐♥❣ ♠✐❣❤t ❜❡ ❞♦♥❡ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❛ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥✹✺ ✱ ♦r ❛ ♣r♦♣✲
❡r❧② r❡❝✐t❡❞ ✉tt❡r❛♥❝❡✹✻ ✱ ♦r ❛ s♦♥❣✹✼ ✱ ♦r ❥✉st ❛♥ ✉tt❡r❛♥❝❡✹✽ ✳
❝❤❛r✐♦t
✶✳✶✻✳✷ ❬❙✐♥❝❡❪ t❤❡s❡ ❞r✐♣♣✐♥❣ ✇✐t❤ ❣❤❡❡ ❣r❛✐♥s✱ ❬❛♥❞❪ t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s ✇♦✉❧❞
❧❡❛❞ Indra ❤✐t❤❡r ♦♥ t❤❡ ♠♦st ❡❛s②✲❣♦✐♥❣ ❝❤❛r✐♦t
✸✼ ✽✳✸✸✳✶✹ ▲❡t t❛✇♥② ②♦❦❡❞✲t♦✲❛✲❝❤❛r✐♦t ♦♥❡s ❝♦♥✈❡② ❤❡r❡ t❤❡❡ ✇❤♦ ✐s st❛♥❞✐♥❣
♦♥ ❛ ❝❤❛r✐♦t✱ ❡✈❡♥ ❜②♣❛ss✐♥❣ ❤✐♠✸✽ ✇❤♦ ✐s t♦✲❜❡✲❝♦♥❞✉❝t❡❞✲✉♣✇❛r❞s
✸✾ ✽✳✻✺✳✹ ▲❡t t❤♦s❡ ❜❡❛r✐♥❣ ♦♥ ❛ ❝❤❛r✐♦t✱ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s ❝♦♥✈❡② ❤❡r❡ t❤②✱ ❖ deva✱
♠✐❣❤t✱ t❤②✱ ❖ Indra✱ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ✐♥❝r❡❛s❡ ✐♥ s✐③❡✦
✹✵ ✶✳✽✷✳✶ ■ ✇♦✉❧❞ ②♦❦❡ t❤② t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❛t ♦♥❝❡✳
✷✳✶✽✳✸ ◆♦✇ t❤❡♥✱ ■ s❤❛❧❧ ②♦❦❡ t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s ✐♥t♦ Indra✬s ❝❤❛r✐♦t ✉s✐♥❣
♥❡✇ ♣r♦♣❡r❧② r❡❝✐t❡❞ ✉tt❡r❛♥❝❡ ✖ ❬❢♦r ❤✐♠❪ t♦ ❝♦♠❡✳
✸✳✸✺✳✹ ❲✐t❤ ❛ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥ ■ ②♦❦❡ t❤② t✇♦ t♦✲❜❡✲②♦❦❡❞✲❜②✲❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥ t❛✇♥②
♦♥❡s✱ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s ❛t ❛ ❞r✐♥❦✐♥❣ ❜♦✉t✱ s✇✐❢t ♦♥❡s✳
✼✳✶✾✳✻ ❢♦r t❤❡ ❜✉❧❧ ✖ ❢♦r t❤❡❡ ✖ ■ ②♦❦❡ t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ❜✉❧❧s
✹✶ ✶✳✻✳✷ ❚❤❡② ②♦❦❡ ❤✐s t✇♦ ❛♠✐❛❜❧❡ s♣r❡❛❞✐♥❣✲♦♥❡✬s✲✇✐♥❣s t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s t♦ t❤❡
❝❤❛r✐♦t ✖ t❤❡ t✇♦ r❡❞❞✐s❤ ❞❛r✐♥❣ ❝♦♥✈❡②✐♥❣✲t❤❡✲♠❛♥ ♦♥❡s✳
✽✳✾✽✳✾ ❲✐t❤ ❛ s♦♥❣ t❤❡② ②♦❦❡ t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s ♦❢ ✐♥st✐❣❛t✐♥❣ ♦♥❡ ✐♥t♦ s♣❛✲
❝✐♦✉s✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ s♣❛❝✐♦✉s ②♦❦❡ ❝❤❛r✐♦t✱ t❤❡ t✇♦ ❝♦♥✈❡②✐♥❣ Indra✱ t❤❡ t✇♦ ②♦❦❡❞
❜② ❛♥ ✉tt❡r❛♥❝❡✳
✹✷ ✻✳✹✼✳✶✾ ❘❡♣❡❛t❡❞❧② ②♦❦✐♥❣ t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s t♦ t❤❡ ❝❤❛r✐♦t✱ Tvastr r✉❧❡s ❤❡r❡
✹✸ ✶✳✶✵ ✸ ❉♦ ②♦❦❡ t✇♦ ✇❡❧❧✲❢❡❞ ❤❛✐r② t❛✇♥② ❜✉❧❧s✱ t❤❡♥✱ ❖ Soma✲❞r✐♥❦✐♥❣
. ..

Indra✱ ♠♦✈❡ t♦ t❤❡ r❛♥❣❡ ♦❢ ❤❡❛r✐♥❣ ♦✉r ❝❤❛♥ts✦

✷✳✶✽✳✼ ❖ Indra✱ ✜① ❡✈❡r② ♣❛✐r ♦❢ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s t♦ ❛ ❝❤❛r✐♦t✲♣♦❧❡✦
✽✳✸✳✶✼ ❉♦ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ ❜❡st ❛t s❧❛②✐♥❣ Vr.tra✱ ②♦❦❡ t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s✦
✽✳✹✳✶✶ ❍❡ ❤❛s ❛t ♣r❡s❡♥t ❤❛r♥❡ss❡❞ t✇♦ ♠✐❣❤t②✱ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❤❡ ❤❛s
❝♦♠❡ ❤❡r❡✱ t❤❡ Vr.tra✲s❧❛②❡r✳
✹✹ ✻✳✹✵✳✶ ❯♥❤❛r♥❡ss t❤❡ t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s✱ ✉♥❧♦♦s❡ t✇♦ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s✦
✶✳✶✼✼✳✹ ❙❡t ❤❡r❡ ❢r❡❡ t❤❡ t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s✦
✸✳✸✷✳✶ s❡tt✐♥❣ ❢r❡❡ t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s✱ ❞♦ ♠❛❦❡ t❤②s❡❧❢ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t❡❞ ❤❡r❡✦
✸✳✹✸✳✶ ❙❡t ❢r❡❡ t✇♦ ❝❤❡r✐s❤❡❞ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s ♥❡❛r t❤❡ s❛❝r✐✜❝✐❛❧ ❣r❛ss
✹✺ ✶✳✽✷✳✻ ❋♦r t❤❡❡ ■ ❤❛r♥❡ss ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ t❤❡ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥ t✇♦ ❤❛✐r② t❛✇♥②
♦♥❡s✳
✶✳✽✹✳✸ ❚❤② t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s ❬❛r❡❪ ②♦❦❡❞ ❜② t❤❡ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥
✸✳✸✺✳✹ ❲✐t❤ ❛ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥ ■ ②♦❦❡ t❤② t✇♦ t♦✲❜❡✲②♦❦❡❞✲❜②✲❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥ t❛✇♥②
♦♥❡s✱ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s ❛t ❛ ❞r✐♥❦✐♥❣ ❜♦✉t✱ s✇✐❢t ♦♥❡s✳
✶✳✶✼✼✳✷ ❲❤✐❝❤ st❡❡❞s ❬❛r❡❪ ②♦❦❡❞✲❜②✲❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❝❤❛r✐♦t t❤❛t ✐s ❧✐❦❡
❛ ❜✉❧❧✱ r❡s❡♠❜❧✐♥❣✲❜✉❧❧s ♦❢ ❜✉❧❧ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Indra✱ r❡s♦rt t♦ t❤♦s❡✦
✹✻ ✷✳✶✽✳✸ ◆♦✇ t❤❡♥✱ ■ s❤❛❧❧ ②♦❦❡ t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s ✐♥t♦ Indra✬s ❝❤❛r✐♦t ✉s✐♥❣
♥❡✇ ♣r♦♣❡r❧② r❡❝✐t❡❞ ✉tt❡r❛♥❝❡ ✖ ❬❢♦r ❤✐♠❪ t♦ ❝♦♠❡✳
✹✼ ✽✳✾✽✳✾ ❲✐t❤ ❛ s♦♥❣ t❤❡② ②♦❦❡ t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s ♦❢ ✐♥st✐❣❛t✐♥❣ ♦♥❡ ✐♥t♦ s♣❛✲
❝✐♦✉s✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ s♣❛❝✐♦✉s ②♦❦❡ ❝❤❛r✐♦t✱ t❤❡ t✇♦ ❝♦♥✈❡②✐♥❣ Indra✱ t❤❡ t✇♦ ②♦❦❡❞
❜② ❛♥ ✉tt❡r❛♥❝❡✳
✹✽ ✻✳✷✵✳✾ ②♦❦❡❞ ❜② ❛♥ ✉tt❡r❛♥❝❡✱ t❤❡② ❝♦♥✈❡② ❤❡❧♣✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❞✐r❡ str❛✐❣❤ts Indra
 ✾✺

Indra ✐s ❛ ❝❤❛r✐♦t❡❡r✹✾ ✱ ♦r ❞r✐✈❡r✺✵ ♦❢ t❤❡ t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s ❣✉✐❞✐♥❣

t❤❡♠ ❜② ✈♦✐❝❡
✺✶ ❀ ❤❡✱ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② t❤❡♠✺✷ ✱ ❜❡✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❝❤❛r❣❡ ♦❢
✺✸
t❤❡♠ ✱ ❝❛♥ ♠❛❦❡ t❤❡♠ r✉s❤
✺✹ ❛♥❞ t✉r♥ t♦ ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡rs ✺✺ ❀ ❤❡ ✐s t❤❡✐r
♦✈❡rs❡❡r
✺✻ ❛♥❞ ❝❛rr✐❡s t❤❡ t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s ❛❝r♦ss ❛❧❧ ❞✐✣❝✉❧t✐❡s
✺✼ ✳
❚❤❡② ❛r❡ ❞❡❛r t♦ ❤✐♠
✺✽ ✱ Indra s❡❡❦s t❤❡♠ ❛s ❛ ♣r✐③❡
✺✾ ✳

■t ✐s ♥♦t ♦♥❡ ❛♥❞ t❤❡ s❛♠❡ ♣❛✐r ♦❢ t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s t❤❛t ✐s ♠❡♥✲
t✐♦♥❡❞ ✐♥ t❤❡ ❤②♠♥s
✻✵ ✳ Indra ✐s ❛s❦❡❞ t♦ ✜① ❡✈❡r② ♣❛✐r ♦❢ t❛✇♥②
♦♥❡s t♦ ❛ ❝❤❛r✐♦t✲♣♦❧❡
✻✶ ✱ ❛♥❞ ❢♦✉r✱ s✐①✱ ❡✐❣❤t ✳✳✳ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s
❛r❡ ♠❡♥t✐♦♥❡❞
✻✷ ✳

■t ✐s ❛ss✉♠❡❞ ❤❡r❡ t❤❛t t❤❡ ❜❡st✲✜tt✐♥❣

✻✸ ✐♥t❡r♣r❡t❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ✏t✇♦
t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s✑✱ ❣✐✈❡♥ t❤❡✐r st❛t❡❞ ❛❜♦✈❡ ♣r♦♣❡rt✐❡s✱ ✐s t❤❛t t❤❡② r❡♣✲
r❡s❡♥t ❛ ♣❛✐r ♦❢ t❡st❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ✇❤❡♥ ♠♦r❡ t❤❡♥ ♦♥❡ ♣❛✐r ✐s ♠❡♥t✐♦♥❡❞✱
❧✐❦❡ ✐♥ ✷✳✶✽✳✹✕✼✱ ✐t ✐s ❛ r❡❢❡r❡♥❝❡ t♦ t❡st❡s ♦❢ s❡✈❡r❛❧ ♣r❡s❡♥t ❛t ❛
s❛❝r✐✜❝❡ Indra ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡rs✳ ❚❤❡r❡ ❛r❡ ❛❧s♦ t❤r❡❡ ❤✐♥ts ✐♥ t❤❡ ❤②♠♥s
t❤❛t s✉♣♣♦rt t❤✐s ✐♥t❡r♣r❡t❛t✐♦♥
✻✹ ✳

✹✾ ✶✳✽✹✳✻ ◆♦ ♦♥❡ ✐s ❛ ❜❡tt❡r ❝❤❛r✐♦t❡❡r t❤❛♥ t❤❡❡ ✇❤❡♥ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❝♦♥tr♦❧
t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s✳
✶✵✳✷✸✳✶ ❛ ❝❤❛r✐♦t❡❡r ♦❢ r❡❧✉❝t❛♥t t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s
✺✵ ✽✳✷✹✳✶✼ ❞r✐✈❡r ♦❢ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s
✺✶ ✸✳✹✺✳✷ st❛②✐♥❣ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❝❤❛r✐♦t t♦ ❣✉✐❞❡ ✇✐t❤ ✈♦✐❝❡ t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s Indra ✐s
❜r❡❛❦✐♥❣ ♦♣❡♥ ❡✈❡♥ str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞s
✺✷ ✸✳✺✶✳✺ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞✲❜②✲t❛✇♥②✲♦♥❡s
✼✳✶✾✳✼ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞✲❜②✲t❛✇♥②✲♦♥❡s
❡t❝✳
✺✸ ✹✳✶✻✳✶✶ ❜❡✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❝❤❛r❣❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s
✺✹ ✹✳✶✻✳✶ ♠❛② t❤❡ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s r✉s❤ t♦✇❛r❞s ✉s✦
✺✺ ✹✳✸✷✳✶✺ ▼❛❦❡ t❤❡ t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s t✉r♥ ❤✐t❤❡r✦
✺✻ ✽✳✷✹✳✶✹ ♦✈❡rs❡❡r ♦❢ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s
✺✼ ✶✵✳✾✻✳✽ ❤❡ s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ ❝❛rr✐❡❞ t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s ❛❝r♦ss ❛❧❧ ❞✐✣❝✉❧t✐❡s
✺✽ ✸✳✹✶✳✽ t♦ ✇❤♦♠ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s ❛r❡ ❞❡❛r
✺✾ ✹✳✶✻✳✶✶ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ t♦ t❛❦❡ ❤♦❧❞ ♦❢ t❤❡ t✇♦ ❣♦✐♥❣✲str❛✐❣❤t ♦♥❡s ❧✐❦❡ t❤❡ ♣r✐③❡ t♦
❜❡ s❡✐③❡❞
✻✵ ✶✳✶✼✼✳✷ ❲❤✐❝❤ st❡❡❞s ❬❛r❡❪ ②♦❦❡❞✲❜②✲❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❝❤❛r✐♦t t❤❛t ✐s ❧✐❦❡
❛ ❜✉❧❧✱ r❡s❡♠❜❧✐♥❣✲❜✉❧❧s ♦❢ ❜✉❧❧ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Indra✱ r❡s♦rt t♦ t❤♦s❡✦
✻✶ ✷✳✶✽✳✼ ✜① ❡✈❡r② ♣❛✐r ♦❢ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s t♦ ❛ ❝❤❛r✐♦t✲♣♦❧❡
✻✷ ✷✳✶✽✳✹ ❖ Indra✱ ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s✱ ✇✐t❤ ❢♦✉r✱ ✇✐t❤
s✐①✱ ❜❡✐♥❣ s✉♠♠♦♥❡❞✱ ✇✐t❤ ❡✐❣❤t✱ ✇✐t❤ t❡♥✱ ❛ ❞r✐♥❦ ♦❢ Soma✦
✷✳✶✽✳✺ ❆♣♣r♦❛❝❤✱ ❝♦♠✐♥❣ ❤✐t❤❡r✇❛r❞✱ ❡♠♣❧♦②✐♥❣ ❬❝❤❛r✐♦ts❪ ✇✐t❤ t✇❡♥t②✱
t❤✐rt②✱ ❢♦rt② t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s✱ ✇✐t❤ ✜❢t② ✇❡❧❧ ②♦❦❡❞ t♦ ❝❤❛r✐♦ts✱ ❖ Indra✱ ✇✐t❤
s✐①t②✱ ✇✐t❤ s❡✈❡♥t② ❬❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤❪ ❛ ❞r✐♥❦ ♦❢ Soma✦
✷✳✶✽✳✻ ❆♣♣r♦❛❝❤✱ ❝♦♠✐♥❣ ❤✐t❤❡r✇❛r❞ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ❡✐❣❤t②✱ ♥✐♥❡t②✱ ✇✐t❤ ❛
❤✉♥❞r❡❞ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s✱ ❬t❤♦✉❪✱ ❜❡✐♥❣ ❝♦♥✈❡②❡❞ ❬❤❡r❡❪ ✳✳✳
✻✸ ❢r♦♠ adhyātma ♣❡rs♣❡❝t✐✈❡
✻✹ ✶✵✳✶✵✺✳✷ ❲❤♦s❡ t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ❡❛s②✲t♦✲②♦❦❡ r❡❧✉❝t❛♥t st❡❡❞s t❤♦✉ ✇♦✉❧❞ ❡①❝✐t❡
❛❧♦♥❣ ✇✐t❤ t✇♦ ♣❡♥✐s❡s
✽✳✹✾✳✽ ❚❤② ❛❣✐❧❡ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s ✇❤✐❝❤✱ ♠♦✈✐♥❣ q✉✐❝❦❧②✱ ❧✐❦❡ ✇✐♥❞s ❬❛r❡❪ ♣♦s✲
s❡ss✐♥❣ ♠❡❛♥s t♦ ♦✈❡r♣♦✇❡r✱ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ✇❤✐❝❤ t❤♦✉ ❣♦ ❛❜♦✉t ❤✉♠❛♥
♦✛s♣r✐♥❣❬s❪
✾✻ ❚✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s
❲❤❡♥ ✏t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s✑ ❛r❡ ♠❡♥t✐♦♥❡❞ ✐♥ ♣❧✉r❛❧✱ ✐♥ ♠♦st ❝❛s❡s ❞r♦♣s
♦❢ Soma ❥✉✐❝❡ ❛r❡ ♠❡❛♥t✳ ❲❤✐❧❡ ✏t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s✑ ❝♦♥✈❡② Indra✱
❞r♦♣s ♦❢ Soma ❥✉✐❝❡ ♠✐❣❤t ❝♦♥✈❡② Indra✬s ✏❝❤❛r✐♦t✑
✻✺ ✳

✹✳✸✷✳✷✸ ▲✐❦❡ t✇♦ ②♦✉♥❣ ❜♦②s✱ ❬♣❧❛②✐♥❣❪ ❛t ❥✉st ❞r❛✇♥ ♦✉t s♠❛❧❧ ♣✐❧❧❛r✱ ❞✉r✐♥❣

❥♦✉r♥❡②s t❤❡ t✇♦ ❜r♦✇♥✐s❤ ♦♥❡s ❡♥❤❛♥❝❡ t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s✳

✻✺ ✻✳✸✼✳✶ ▼❛② ②♦❦❡❞ t❛✇♥② ❬❝♦✉rs❡rs❪ ❝♦♥✈❡② t❤② tr❡❛s✉r❡❞✲❜②✲❛❧❧ ❝❤❛r✐♦t

❤✐t❤❡r
Indra✬s t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t ✭ vajra✮
❚❤❡ ✇♦r❞ vájra ✐s tr❛♥s❧❛t❡❞ ❤❡r❡ ❛s ✏t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✑✳ ■t ❞❡♥♦t❡s
♥♦t ❛ ❝❧♦✉❞s✲❜♦r♥ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t ❜✉t s♦♠❡t❤✐♥❣ t❤❛t ✐s ❝♦♠♣❛r❡❞
t♦ ❛ ❝❧♦✉❞s✲❜♦r♥ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t ✐♥ t❡r♠s ♦❢ ✈❡❤❡♠❡♥❝❡ ✱ ❢♦r❝❡❢✉❧♥❡ss
✶
✭✹✳✷✷✳✸✮✱ ❢♦❝✉s ✭✽✳✾✸✳✾✮✱ ❛♥❞ ❞❡❛❞❧✐♥❡ss ✭✶✳✺✺✳✺✮✳ ❋♦❧❧♦✇✐♥❣ ♣❛r❛✲
❣r❛♣❤s ❧✐st ♣r♦♣❡rt✐❡s ♦❢ vájra ♠❡♥t✐♦♥❡❞ ✐♥ ❤②♠♥s t♦ Indra✳
❚❤❡r❡ ✐s ♠♦r❡ t❤❛♥ ♦♥❡ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t ✖ Indra ❤❛s ♠♦r❡ t❤❛♥ t✇♦
✭✶✳✽✵✳✽✮✱ ❛♥❞ ✐t ✐s ♥♦t ♦♥❧② Indra ✇❤♦ ✉s❡s ♦♥❡ ✖ Agni ✷ ✱ Varun.a
✸ ✹
❛r❡ ♠❡♥t✐♦♥❡❞ ✱ ❛s ✇❡❧❧ ❛s ✇❛rr✐♦rs ✱ ❛♥❞ ❤❡r♦❡s ✳
✺
✻
❆ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✱ t❤♦✉❣❤ ❝❛♥ ❜❡ ✐♥♥❛t❡ ✱ ✐s ❢❛s❤✐♦♥❡❞ ❛♥❞ t❤❡♥
✼ ✾
✇❤❡tt❡❞✳ Tvastr ✐s s❛✐❞ t♦ ❢❛s❤✐♦♥ ✱ ♦r t♦ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st ❛ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✳
. ..
Soma ❛❧s♦ ❢❛s❤✐♦♥s ✶✵ ✱ s❡ts ✉♣✶✶ ✱ ♦r ❡✛❡❝ts ✶✷ ❛ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t ❢♦r In-
dra✳ ❙♦♠❡t✐♠❡s Indra ❢❛s❤✐♦♥s ❛ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t ❤✐♠s❡❧❢ ✶✸ ✳ ❊✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡
❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s ❛♥❞ ❞r♦♣s ♦❢ Soma ❛r❡ ♠❡♥t✐♦♥❡❞ ♦♥❝❡ ❛s ❝♦♥tr✐❜✉t✐♥❣
✶✹
t♦ ❛♥ ❡♠❡r❣❡♥❝❡ ♦❢ ❛ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t ✳ ❋✐❣❤t❡rs r❡♥❞❡r Indra ❛s ❛
t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t
✶✺ ✳

✶ ✶✳✶✵✵✳✶✸ Indra✬s t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t ✇❤✐❝❤ ✐s ✈❡❤❡♠❡♥t ❛s ✐❢ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ s❦②✳

✷ ✶✳✶✵✾✳✼ ❊①❡rt ②♦✉rs❡❧✈❡s✱ ❖ t✇♦ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲✐♥✲❛r♠s ♦♥❡s✦
✻✳✺✾✳✸ t✇♦ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲✇✐❡❧❞❡rs ✖ Indra ❬❛♥❞❪ Agni
✸ ✹✳✹✶✳✹ ❖ Indra ❬❛♥❞❪ Varuna✱ ②♦✉ t✇♦ ❤❛✈❡ str✉❝❦ ✐♥t♦ t❤✐s ♦♥❡ t❤❡ ❧✐❣❤t✲
♥✐♥❣✱ t❤❡ ♠♦st ✜❡r❝❡ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✱
.
❖ t✇♦ ✈✐♦❧❡♥t ♦♥❡s✦
✹ ✶✳✽✳✸ ✇❡✱ t❤❡ str✐❦❡✲❢♦r❝❡✱ ♠✐❣❤t t❛❦❡ ❤♦❧❞ ♦❢ t❤❡ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t
✺ ✺✳✸✵✳✶ ❬t❤❛t ❤❡r♦✱❪ ✇❤♦✱ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ ♣r❡ss❡❞ ♦✉t Soma✱ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡
❬❜❡❝♦♠❡s❪ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲✇✐❡❧❞❡r ✳✳✳
✻ ✶✳✶✷✶✳✸ ❍❡ ❬✱ Soma✱❪ s❤❛❧❧ ❢❛s❤✐♦♥ ✐♥♥❛t❡ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t
✼ ✶✳✺✷✳✼ Tvastr ❤❛s ❛❧s♦ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥❡❞ ❢♦r t❤❡❡ t❤❡ t♦✲❜❡✲❡♠♣❧♦②❡❞ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡
t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱ .❤❡.. ❤❛s ❢❛s❤✐♦♥❡❞ ❤❛✈✐♥❣✲♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣✲✈✐❣♦✉r t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✳
✶✵✳✹✽✳✸ ❋♦r✽ ♠❡ Tvas..t.r ❢❛s❤✐♦♥❡❞ ✐r♦♥ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t
✶✵✳✾✾✳✶ ❍❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❢❛s❤✐♦♥ t❤❡ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t
✺✳✸✶✳✹ Tvas..t.r ❬s❤❛❧❧ ♣r❡♣❛r❡❪ ❜r✐❣❤t t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t
✾ ✻✳✶✼✳✶✵ Tvastr s✇✐❢t❧② ♠❛♥✐❢❡sts ❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞ s♣✐❦❡s✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞
❡❞❣❡s✱ ❞✐s♣❛ss✐♦♥❛t❡✱
. ..
❤❛✈✐♥❣ s✉✐t❛❜❧❡✲❬t♦ ❝✐r❝✉♠st❛♥❝❡s❪✲✐♥t✉✐t✐♦♥ t❤✉♥❞❡r✲
❜♦❧t ✇✐t❤ ✇❤✐❝❤ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❞✐r❡❝t ✐♠♣❛❝t ♦♥❡✱ s❤❛❧❧ ❝r✉s❤ ✜♥❞✐♥❣✲✐ts✲
✇❛② s♥❛❦❡✳
✶✵ ✶✳✶✷✶✳✸ ❍❡ ❬✱ Soma✱❪ s❤❛❧❧ ❢❛s❤✐♦♥ ✐♥♥❛t❡ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t
✶✳✶✷✶✳✶✷ ❲❤✐❝❤ ♣♦ss❡ss✐♥❣ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t✐♦♥ ❬Soma❪ Uśanas Kāvya ❣❛✈❡ t♦ t❤❡❡✱
❬t❤❛t❪ ❤❛s ❢❛s❤✐♦♥❡❞ ❤❡❧♣✐♥❣✲t❤r♦✉❣❤ Vr.tra✲s❧❛②✐♥❣ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✳
✶✶ ✶✳✺✺✳✺ ◆♦t ❡✈❡♥ t❤❡♥✱ r❡❛❧❧②✱ ❤❡ s❡ts ✉♣ ❢♦r ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② ❛❣✐t❛t✐♦♥✱
❛ss❛✐❧✐♥❣ ❛❣❛✐♥ ❛♥❞ ❛❣❛✐♥ Indra t❤❡ ❞❡❛❞❧② ✇❡❛♣♦♥ ✖ t❤❡ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✳
✶✷ ✶✵✳✶✹✹✳✷ ❬❚❤✐s ♦♥❡ ❡✛❡❝ts❪ s❦✐❧❧❢✉❧ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t ❢♦r ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ✐s ❞✐s♣♦s❡❞ t♦
❣✐✈❡
✶✸ ✶✵✳✶✵✺✳✻ ❤❡ ❤❛s ❢❛s❤✐♦♥❡❞ ❬t❤❡ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t❪ ✉s✐♥❣ ❬❤✐s❪ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡ ✳✳✳
❛s ❛ s❦✐❧❧❢✉❧ ❬❛rt✐s❛♥❪ ✖ ✉s✐♥❣ ❬❤✐s ♦✇♥❪ ❞❡s✐❣♥s
✶✹ ✶✵✳✹✽✳✹ ❝♦♠✐♥❣✲❢r♦♠✲❝♦✇s ❝♦♠✐♥❣✲❢r♦♠✲❤♦rs❡s ❜❡❛st
✶✺ ✶✵✳✹✽✳✻ ■ ❬✱ Indra✱ ❜r♦✉❣❤t t♦❣❡t❤❡r❪ t❤❡s❡ t✇♦✲❛❣❛✐♥st✲t✇♦ ❤❡❛✈②✲❜r❡❛t❤✐♥❣
❬♠❡♥❪ ✇❤♦ r❡♥❞❡r❡❞ Indra ❛s ❛ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t ✐♥ ♦r❞❡r t♦ ✜❣❤t✳
✾✽ Indra✬s t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t ✭ vajra✮

Indra ✇❤❡ts ❤✐s t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t t♦ ❜❡ s❤❛r♣

✶✻ ✱ ❛♥❞ ❡✈❡♥ ✐❢ ✐t ✐s
✏s❤❛r♣ ❛s ❛ ❝❛r✈✐♥❣ ❦♥✐❢❡✑✱ ✐♥ ♦r❞❡r t♦ ♠❛❦❡ ❛ s❤♦t✱ ❤❡ ✇❤❡ts
✶✼ ✳ ■t ✐s ♠❡♥t✐♦♥❡❞ t❤❛t Indra s❤❛r♣❡♥s ❤✐s t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t ✈✐❣♦r✲
✐t
✶✽
♦✉s❧② ✳ ❊✛♦rts t♦ ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❡
✶✾ ❛♥❞✱ ♣r♦❜❛❜❧②✱ Soma✷✵ ❛r❡ ♠❡♥t✐♦♥❡❞
❛s s❤❛r♣❡♥✐♥❣ ❛ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✳
Indra✬s t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧ts ♠✐❣❤t ❤❛✈❡ ❛ ✈❛r✐❡t② ♦❢ ♣r♦♣❡rt✐❡s✳
❙♦♠❡ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧ts ❛r❡ ❞❡s❝r✐❜❡❞ ❛s ♠✐❣❤t② ❞❡❛❞❧② ✇❡❛♣♦♥s
✭✶✳✺✺✳✺✱ ✶✳✸✷✳✺✮✱ ❛s ✐r♦♥ ✭✽✳✾✻✳✸✱ ✶✵✳✹✽✳✸✮✱ ❛s ❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞ s♣✐❦❡s
✭✶✳✽✵✳✶✷✮✱ ❛s ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ❡❞❣❡s ✭✻✳✶✼✳✶✵✮✱ ❛s ❜❡✐♥❣ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞✲
❦♥♦tt❡❞ ✭✶✳✽✵✳✻✱ ✽✳✽✾✳✸✱ ✽✳✻✳✻✮✱ ❛s s❤❛r♣ ❛s ❛ ❝❛r✈✐♥❣ ❦♥✐❢❡ ✭✶✳✶✸✵✳✹✮✱
❛♥❞ ❛s ❜❡✐♥❣ ❛ ❧✐❣❤t♥✐♥❣ ✭✹✳✹✶✳✹✮✳ ❆ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t ♠✐❣❤t ❜❡ ❞❡s❝r✐❜❡❞
❛s ❜❡✐♥❣ ❧✐❦❡ ❛ ❜✉❧❧ ✭✷✳✶✻✳✻✱ ✷✳✶✶✳✾✮✱ ❛s ♠♦st ✜❡r❝❡ ✭✹✳✹✶✳✹✮✱ ❛s ❡❛❣❡r
❛♥❞ ❢♦r❝❡❢✉❧ ✭✹✳✷✷✳✸✮✱ ❛s ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ ✈✐❣♦✉r ✭✶✳✺✷✳✼✮✱ ❛s
❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② ❢♦r❝❡✱ ❝♦♥❝❡♥tr❛t❡❞ ✭✽✳✾✸✳✾✮✱ ❛s r♦❛r✐♥❣ ✭✷✳✶✶✳✶✵✱
✻✳✷✼✳✹✮ ❛♥❞ ✈❡❤❡♠❡♥t ❛s ✐❢ ❬❛ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t❪ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ s❦② ✭✶✳✶✵✵✳✶✸✮✳
❙♦♠❡ ♣r♦♣❡rt✐❡s ♦❢ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧ts ❛r❡ t❤♦s❡ ♦❢ ❛ ♠✐♥❞ ✖ ❞❛r✲
✐♥❣ ✭✶✵✳✷✷✳✸✮✱ ❞✐s♣❛ss✐♦♥❛t❡✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ s✉✐t❛❜❧❡✲❬t♦ ❝✐r❝✉♠st❛♥❝❡s❪✲
✐♥t✉✐t✐♦♥ ✭✻✳✶✼✳✶✵✮✱ ❣❛✐♥✐♥❣ svàr ✭✶✳✶✵✵✳✶✸✮✱ s❦✐❧❧❢✉❧ ✭✶✵✳✶✹✹✳✷✮✱ s❡❡❦✲
✐♥❣ ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s ✭✻✳✹✶✳✷✮✳ ❆ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t ♠✐❣❤t ♣♦ss❡ss t❤❡
♣♦✇❡r t♦ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t❡ ❛♥❞ ❝❛♥ ❜❡ ❞✐s❝❤❛r❣❡❞ ❛s ❡♥❝❤❛♥t✐♥❣✲t❤❡✲♠✐♥❞
r❛❣❡
✷✶ ✳ ■t ❝❛♥ ❛❧s♦ ❜❡ s❝♦r❝❤✐♥❣ ❛♥❞ ❛ ✈❛♥❣✉❛r❞ ♦❢ Marut✲s ✭✽✳✾✻✳✾✮✳
❆ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t ♠✐❣❤t ❜❡ ❜r✐❣❤t ✭✺✳✸✶✳✹✮✱ ❣❧❡❛♠✐♥❣ ✇✐t❤ ❧✉str❡✱
s❤✐♥✐♥❣ ❢♦rt❤ ✭✶✵✳✹✸✳✾✮✱ ❝♦♥s♣✐❝✉♦✉s ❛s t❤❡ s✉♥ ✭✽✳✼✵✳✷✮✱ s✐❧✈❡r② s✉r✲
r♦✉♥❞❡❞ ❜② tr❛♥s❧✉❝❡♥t ❬❞r♦♣s ✖ Soma❪ ✭✸✳✹✹✳✺✮✱ ❛♥❞ ❡✈❡♥ ❡♠✐tt✐♥❣
❛ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞ ✢❛♠❡s
✷✷ ✳ ■t ♠✐❣❤t ❤❡❧♣ t♦ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t❡ ✇❤❛t ✐s ❞✐✣❝✉❧t t♦
✉♥❞❡rst❛♥❞
✷✸ ✳ ❙♦♠❡t✐♠❡s ❛ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t ✐s ❝❛❧❧❡❞ ❡♥❝❤❛♥t❡❞ ✭✸✳✹✹✳✹✱
✶✵✳✾✻✳✸✱ ✶✵✳✾✻✳✹✮✱ ❡♥❝❤❛♥t✐♥❣ ✭✽✳✻✽✳✸✱ ✶✵✳✹✽✳✹✱ ✶✵✳✾✻✳✸✮✱ ❛♥❞ ❣♦❧❞❡♥
✭✸✳✹✹✳✹✱ ✶✵✳✷✸✳✸✮✳
❆ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t ♠✐❣❤t ❜❡ ❝❤❛r❛❝t❡r✐③❡❞ ❛s s✉✐t❛❜❧❡ t♦ ♠❡♥ ✭✶✵✳✼✹✳✺✮✱

✶✻ ✶✳✺✺✳✶ ❤❡ ✇❤❡ts t❤❡ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t ❢♦r ✐t t♦ ❜❡ s❤❛r♣ ✖ ❧✐❦❡ ❛♥ ♦① ❬❤✐s ❤♦r♥s❪

✶✼ ✶✳✶✸✵✳✹ ❍❛✈✐♥❣ ✜r♠❡❞ ✐♥ t❤❡ ❤❛♥❞s t❤❡ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✱ s❤❛r♣ ❛s ❛ ❝❛r✈✐♥❣
❦♥✐❢❡✱ ❤❡ s❤❛❧❧ ✇❤❡t ❬✐t❪ ❢♦r ❛ s❤♦t✱ ❤❡ s❤❛❧❧ ✇❤❡t ❬✐t❪ t♦ s❧❛② t❤❡ s♥❛❦❡✳
✶✽ ✽✳✼✻✳✾ ❬t❤♦✉✱❪ ✈✐❣♦r♦✉s❧② s❤❛r♣❡♥✐♥❣ t❤❡ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t
✶✵✳✶✺✸✳✹ ❬t❤♦✉ ❛r❡❪ ✈✐❣♦r♦✉s❧② s❤❛r♣❡♥✐♥❣ t❤❡ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✳
✶✾ ✽✳✶✺✳✼ ❆♥ ❡✛♦rt t♦ ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❡ s❤❛r♣❡♥s t❤❛t t❤② ✈❛st ♣♦✇❡r ♦✈❡r ❛✛❡❝t✐♦♥s✱
t❤② ❢❡r✈♦r✱ ❛♥❞ r❡s♦✉r❝❡❢✉❧♥❡ss✱ t❤❡ t♦✲❜❡✲♣r❡❢❡rr❡❞ ❬❛s ❛ ✇❡❛♣♦♥❪ t❤✉♥❞❡r✲
❜♦❧t✳
✷✵ ✶✳✺✼✳✷ ❲❤❡♥ t❤❡ ❞❡❧✐❣❤t❡❞✲✐♥ ❬Soma❪ ❛s ✐❢ ❤❛s ✇❤❡tt❡❞ ✐ts❡❧❢ ✐♥❬s✐❞❡❪ t❤❡
❦♥♦tt② ♦♥❡✱ ❬t❤❡♥❪ Indra✬s t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t ✇✐❧❧ ❜❡ ❡♥❝❤❛♥t✐♥❣ ♣✐❡r❝❡r✳
✷✶ ✶✵✳✾✻✳✸ ♣♦ss❡ss✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t❡✱ ❝❤♦♦s②✱ ✐♥t❡♥❞❡❞ t♦ ❜❡ ❞✐s✲
❝❤❛r❣❡❞ ❛s ❡♥❝❤❛♥t✐♥❣✲t❤❡✲♠✐♥❞ r❛❣❡
✷✷ ✶✵✳✾✻✳✹ ❚❤❛t✱ ✇❤✐❝❤ ❬✐s❪ ✐r♦♥✱ ❜❡❛r✐♥❣ ♣❛❧❡✲②❡❧❧♦✇✲♦♥❡✱ ❜❡❝❛♠❡ ❬❛s ✐❢❪ ❡♠✐t✲
t✐♥❣ ❛ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞ ✢❛♠❡s✳
✷✸ ✶✳✶✸✷✳✻ ■❢ ♦♥❡ s❡❡❦s t♦ ❛tt❛✐♥ ✇❤❛t ✐s ❞✐✣❝✉❧t t♦ ✉♥❞❡rst❛♥❞✱ ✐t ✇♦✉❧❞ s❤♦✇
✐ts❡❧❢ ❬❛s ❛ ✢❛s❤ ♦❢ ✐♥s✐❣❤t❪ t♦ ✇❤❛t ✇❛s ❤✐❞❞❡♥ ❢❛r ❛✇❛②✳
 ✾✾

t♦ Indra✱ ✇✐t❤ ✇❤♦♠ ✐t ✐s ✐♥t❡rt✇✐♥❡❞ ✭✽✳✾✻✳✸✮✱ ❛♥❞ t♦ ❝✐r❝✉♠st❛♥❝❡s

✭✻✳✷✶✳✼✮✱ ❛s ❤❡❧♣✐♥❣✲t❤r♦✉❣❤ ❛♥❞ ❛s Vr.tra✲s❧❛②✐♥❣ ✭✶✳✶✷✶✳✶✷✮✳
❲❤❡♥ Indra s❧❛②s ❤✐s ❡♥❡♠✐❡s ♦r ❞✐s♣❡rs❡s ✇❛❧❧s✱ ❛ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t
✐s ✐♥ ❤✐s ❛r♠s
✷✹ ✳ ❙♦♠❡t✐♠❡s ❛ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t ✐s ♣❧❛❝❡❞ ✐♥t♦ Indra✬s
❛r♠s ❜② ❤✐s ♣r❛✐s❡rs ✭✶✳✻✸✳✷✮✱ ❜② deva✲s ✭✷✳✷✵✳✽✮✱ ❜② ❝❤❛♥ts
✷✺ ✱ ❜✉t
♠❡♥t✐♦♥❡❞ ♠♦st ♦❢t❡♥ ✐s t❤❛t Indra ❤✐♠s❡❧❢ ♣✉ts ❛ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t ✐♥t♦
❤✐s ❛r♠s
✷✻ ✱ ♦r ✐♥t♦ t❤❡ r✐❣❤t ❤❛♥❞✷✼ ✱ ♦r ✐♥t♦ ❤❛♥❞s ✷✽ ✳ ❖♥❝❡ ✐t ✐s
s❛✐❞ t❤❛t Indra ❡①t❡♥❞s ❛ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t ✐♥t♦ ❛r♠s ✭✶✳✺✷✳✽✮✳
❚❤❡r❡ ♠✐❣❤t ❜❡ ❛ ❞❡❧❛② ❜❡t✇❡❡♥ ❢❛s❤✐♦♥✐♥❣ ❛ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t ❛♥❞
❞✐s❝❤❛r❣✐♥❣ ✐t✳ ❚❤❡r❡❢♦r❡✱ Indra ✐s ❛ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲❜❡❛r❡r✷✾ ✇❤♦ ❝❛r✲
r✐❡s ✐t ✐♥ ❤❛♥❞✭s✮✴❛r♠s ✇❤❡♥ ✐♥t❡♥❞✐♥❣ t♦ s❧❛② ❤✐s ❡♥❡♠✐❡s
✸✵ ✳

❚❤❡r❡ ❛r❡ t❤r❡❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s t❤❛t ♠❡♥t✐♦♥ ✇❤❛t ♣❧❛❝❡s✱ ♦t❤❡r

t❤❛♥ Indra✬ ❛r♠s ♦r ❤❛♥❞s✱ ❤✐s t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t ❝❛♥ ❜❡ ✐♥✿ t❤❡ s❡❛
✸✶
✭♣r♦❜✳ t❤❡ ❤❡❛rt ❝❛❦r❛✮✱ ✈❛st ❧♦♦s❡ s♦✐❧ ✭♣r♦❜✳ ❂ ✏s♦❢t t✐ss✉❡s ♦❢
t❤❡ ❜♦❞②✑✮ ♦❢ t❤❡ s✉♥
✸✷ ✭♣r♦❜✳ man.ipūra ❝❛❦r❛✮✱ ❛♥❞ ❛❧♦♥❣ ✏t❤❡

✷✹ ✶✳✻✸✳✷ ❙❤♦✉❧❞ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤ t✇♦ r❡❢r❛❝t♦r② t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s✱ t❤❡
♣r❛✐s❡r s❤❛❧❧ ♣✉t ✐♥t♦ ❛r♠s ❢♦r t❤❡❡ t❤❡ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t ✇✐t❤ ✇❤✐❝❤ t❤♦✉ ✳✳✳
s❡♥t ♦✛ ❤♦st✐❧❡s ❬❛♥❞❪ ♠❛♥② ✇❛❧❧s
✷✳✷✵✳✽ ✇❤❡♥ t❤❡② ♣✉t ❤✐s t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t ✐♥t♦ ❬❤✐s❪ ❛r♠s✱ ❤❡✱ str✐❦✐♥❣ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡s
t♦ s✉✛❡r ✇❛♥t✱ s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ ❝r♦ss❡❞ ♦✈❡r ✐♥t♦ ✐r♦♥✭❄✮ str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞s✳
✷✺ ✷✳✶✶✳✹ ❬❚❤❡ ❝❤❛♥ts ❛r❡❪ ♠❛❦✐♥❣ str♦♥❣❡r r❡♣❧❡♥✐s❤✐♥❣ ❢♦r t❤❡❡ ❢❡r✈♦r ❬t❤❡②
❛r❡❪ ♣❧❛❝✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❡♥❤❛♥❝✐♥❣ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t ✐♥t♦ ❛r♠s✳
✷✻ ✽✳✾✻✳✺ ❲❤❡♥ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❤❛s ♣✉t t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t ✐♥t♦ ❛r♠s ❬t❤❛t ✐s❪ r❡❡❧✐♥❣
✇✐t❤ ❡①❝✐t❡♠❡♥t ✳✳✳
✻✳✹✺✳✶✽ P✉t t❤❡ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t ✐♥t♦ ❤❛♥❞s t♦ s❧❛② ❣✉❛r❞✐♥❣ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡s
✸✳✹✹✳✹ ❍❛✈✐♥❣ t❛✇♥② ❤♦rs❡s✱ ❤❡ ♣✉ts ✐♥t♦ ❛r♠s ❡♥❝❤❛♥t❡❞ ✇❡❛♣♦♥ ✖ ❣♦❧❞❡♥
t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✳
✹✳✷✷✳✸ ❤❡✱ ♣✉tt✐♥❣ ❡❛❣❡r t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t ✐♥t♦ ❛r♠s✱✳✳
✷✼ ✻✳✶✽✳✾ P✉t t❤❡ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t ✐♥t♦ t❤❡ ❤❛♥❞ ♦♥ t❤❡ r✐❣❤t s✐❞❡
✻✳✷✷✳✾ P✉t t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t ✐♥t♦ t❤❡ r✐❣❤t ❤❛♥❞✱ ❖ Indra✦
✷✽ ✶✳✽✶✳✹ ❋♦r s✉❝❝❡ss ❬✐♥ t❤❡ ✜❣❤t❪ ❤❡ ❤❛s ♣✉t t❤❡ ✐r♦♥ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t ✐♥t♦
❜r♦✉❣❤t✲♥❡❛r✲t♦✲❡❛❝❤✲♦t❤❡r ❤❛♥❞s✳
✷✳✶✷✳✶✸ ✇❤♦✱ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲✐♥✲❤❛♥❞s✱ ✐s ❜❡❤❡❧❞ ❛s ❞r✐♥❦✐♥❣ Soma✱ ✇❤♦ ✐s
❤♦❧❞✐♥❣ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t ✐♥ ❤❛♥❞
✻✳✹✺✳✶✽ P✉t t❤❡ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t ✐♥t♦ ❤❛♥❞s ✳✳✳
✷✾ ✶✵✳✷✷✳✸ ❬✇❤♦ ✐s❪ ❛ ❜❡❛r❡r ♦❢ t❤❡ ❞❛r✐♥❣ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t ❧✐❦❡ ❛ ❢❛t❤❡r ❬✐s❪ ♦❢ ❛
❞❡❛r s♦♥
✶✵✳✼✹✳✺ ❬Indra✱❪ ✇❤♦ ✇✐❧❧ ❜❡❛r s✉✐t❛❜❧❡ t♦ ♠❡♥ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t
✸✵ ✷✳✶✻✳✷ ❤❡ ❝❛rr✐❡s t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t ✐♥ ❤❛♥❞
✶✵✳✶✺✸✳✹ ❚❤♦✉ ❝❛rr② ✐♥ t✇♦ ❛r♠s t❤❡ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t
✻✳✷✵✳✾ ❙✉❝❤ ❤❡ ♣❧❛❝❡s ❬✈✐❝t♦r② ✐♥❪ ✜❣❤ts ✇✐t❤✐♥ ❬❤✐s❪ r❡❛❝❤ ✖ ♥♦t✲
❝♦✉♥t❡r❜❛❧❛♥❝❡❞✱ ❝❛rr②✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❬❤✐s❪ ❤❛♥❞ s❧❛②✐♥❣ Vr.tra t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✳
✻✳✷✷✳✺ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲✐♥✲❤❛♥❞ st❛♥❞✐♥❣ ♦♥ ❛ ❝❤❛r✐♦t
✽✳✾✵✳✹ ❬t❤♦✉❪ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲✐♥✲❤❛♥❞
✸✶ ✽✳✶✵✵✳✾ ■♥s✐❞❡ t❤❡ s❡❛ ✐t r❡♣♦s❡s ✖ t❤❡ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t s✉rr♦✉♥❞❡❞ ❜② t❤❡
❬✐♥♥❡r❪ ✇❛t❡r❬s❪✳
✸✷ ✶✵✳✷✼✳✷✶ ❚❤✐s ❬✐s❪ t❤❡ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t t❤❛t ❬✇❛s❪ ❢r❡q✉❡♥t❧② ✢②✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❞✐✛❡r❡♥t
❞✐r❡❝t✐♦♥s ❞♦✇♥ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ✈❛st ❧♦♦s❡ s♦✐❧ ♦❢ t❤❡ s✉♥
✶✵✵ Indra✬s t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t ✭ vajra✮

❊❛rt❤✑
✸✸ ✳
❆ str✐❦❡ ✇✐t❤ ❛ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t ♠✐❣❤t ❜❡ ❞✐r❡❝t❡❞ ❛t ❡♥❡♠✐❡s ♦♥ ❛
✸✹ ♦r ♦✛ ✐t✸✺ ❀ ✐t ♠✐❣❤t ❜❡ ❞✐r❡❝t❡❞ ❛t ✐♥♥❡r ♦❜st❛❝❧❡s ✖
❜❛tt❧❡ ✜❡❧❞
✐♠♣✉❧s❡s t♦ s✉✛❡r ✇❛♥t ✭✷✳✷✵✳✽✮✱ ❛♥❞✱ ❡s♣❡❝✐❛❧❧②✱ ❛t Śus
✸✻
. n.a ✱ ❛♥❞
❣✉❛r❞✐♥❣ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡s ✭✻✳✹✺✳✶✽✱ ✻✳✷✶✳✼✮✳
▼❡♥t✐♦♥❡❞ ♠♦st ♦❢t❡♥ ❛r❡ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t str✐❦❡s ❛t Vr.tra ✭✽✳✽✾✳✸✱
✽✳✶✵✵✳✼✱ ✽✳✻✳✻✱ ✶✳✽✵✳✻✱ ✶✳✸✷✳✼✱ ✶✳✽✵✳✶✸✮✱ ❡s♣❡❝✐❛❧❧② str✐❦❡s ♦♥ t❤❡
❤❡❛❞
✸✼ ✳ ❯s✐♥❣ ❛ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✱ s♦♠❡t✐♠❡s ❛❧♦♥❣ ✇✐t❤ ❛ ✢❛s❤ ♦❢
❧✐❣❤t♥✐♥❣
✸✽ ✱ Indra ❞❡❢❡❛ts ✭✹✳✶✼✳✸✮✱ ♣✉ts t♦ s❧❡❡♣ ✭✶✳✶✷✶✳✶✶✮✱ s❧❛②s
✭✶✳✸✷✳✺✮ t❤❛t Vr.tra✳
Indra ✉s❡s ❛ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t t♦ ✇❛❦❡ ✉♣✸✾ ✱ t♦ s✉❜❞✉❡✹✵ ✱ t♦ ❤❡✇ ✐♥t♦
♣✐❡❝❡s
✹✶ ✱ ❛♥❞ t♦ s❧❛② ✏t❤❡ s♥❛❦❡✑ ✹✷ ✳
❖t❤❡r ♠❡♥t✐♦♥❡❞ ✉s❡s ♦❢ ❛ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t ❛r❡✿ t♦ ♣r♦♣ ❛♣❛rt t❤❡

✸✸ ✽✳✻✽✳✸ ♠♦✈✐♥❣ ❛❧♦♥❣ t❤❡ ❡❛rt❤ ❡♥❝❤❛♥t✐♥❣ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t

✸✹ ✶✳✺✼✳✻ ❲✐t❤ t❤❡ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✱ ❖ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲✇✐❡❧❞❡r✱ t❤♦✉ ✳✳✳ ❤❛s ❝✉t ❧✐♠❜
❜② ❧✐♠❜ t❤❛t ♠✐❣❤t② ❜r♦❛❞ ❦♥♦tt② ♦♥❡
✷✳✶✼✳✻ ❤❡✱ r♦❛r✐♥❣ ♦❢t❡♥✱ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✱ str✐❦✐♥❣✱ ✇r✉♥❣ ♦✛ t❤❡ ✢❡s❤
♦♥t♦ t❤❡ ❣r♦✉♥❞ t♦ r❡st
✸✺ ✶✳✶✸✶✳✼ ❚❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❡♥❞❡❛✈♦r✐♥❣ t♦ ❛tt❛✐♥ ✉s✱ ❜❡❝♦♠✐♥❣ str♦♥❣❡r✱ ❬s❧❛②❪✱
❖ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❡❞✲♦❢t❡♥ ♦♥❡✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❤♦st✐❧❡ ✐♥t❡♥t✐♦♥s ♠♦rt❛❧ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ t❤✉♥❞❡r✲
❜♦❧t✱ ❖ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱ ❬s❧❛② t❤❛t❪ ♠♦rt❛❧ ✇❤♦ ✐s ✐♥t❡♥❞✐♥❣ t♦ ✐♥❥✉r❡ ✉s✦
✸✻ ✽✳✻✳✶✹ ❖ Indra✱ t❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ❤✉r❧❡❞ str♦♥❣ ❡♥♦✉❣❤ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t ✐♥t♦ Śusna
✇❤♦ ✐s ❛♥ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡ t♦ s✉✛❡r ✇❛♥t ✳✳✳ ..

✺✳✸✷✳✹ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲✇✐❡❧❞❡r ❤❛s str✐❝❦❡♥ ❞♦✇♥ ❬❤✐♠❪

✖ Śusna
✽✳✻✳✶✹. ❖. Indra✱ t❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ❤✉r❧❡❞ str♦♥❣ ❡♥♦✉❣❤ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t ✐♥t♦ Śus.n.a
✶✳✸✸✳✶✷ ❲✐t❤ t❤❡ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t t❤♦✉ ✈❛♥q✉✐s❤❡❞ ❛tt❛❝❦✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡❡❪ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❛s
♠✉❝❤ ❡✣❝❛❝②✱ ❛s ♠✉❝❤ ✈✐❣♦✉r ❡♥❡♠②✳
✸✼ ✽✳✻✳✻ ❍❡ ❤❛s ❝❧❡❛✈❡❞ ❛s✉♥❞❡r t❤❡ ❤❡❛❞ ♦❢ ❛♥❣❡r❡❞ Vrtra ✇✐t❤ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❤✉♥✲
❞r❡❞ ❦♥♦ts t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t ❬❛s ✐❢ ✇✐t❤❪ ❛ r❛♠ .

✶✳✽✵✳✻ ❍❡ str✐❦❡s ❞♦✇♥✱ ♦✈❡r t❤❡ ❤❡❛❞ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞✲❦♥♦tt❡❞ t❤✉♥❞❡r✲
❜♦❧t✳
✶✳✸✷✳✼ ▲❛❝❦✐♥❣ ❢❡❡t✱ ❧❛❝❦✐♥❣ ❤❛♥❞s✱ ❤❡ ❜❛tt❧❡❞ Indra❀ ❤❡ ❤❛s ❤✐t ❤✐s t❤✉♥✲
❞❡r❜♦❧t ♦✈❡r t❤❡ t♦♣✳
✸✽ ✶✳✽✵✳✶✸ ❲❤❡♥ t❤♦✉ ♠❛❞❡ ❛ ✢❛s❤ ♦❢ ❧✐❣❤t♥✐♥❣ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t
t♦ ✜❣❤t Vr.tra✱ ❛♥❞ ✇♦✉❧❞ ✇✐s❤ t♦ s❧❛② t❤❡ s♥❛❦❡✱ ❖ Indra✱ t❤② ✐♠♣✉❧s❡✲t♦✲
❝❤❛♥❣❡ ❤❛s ❤❛r❛ss❡❞ ❬❤✐♠❪ ✐♥ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥✳
✸✾ ✶✳✶✵✸✳✼ ❚❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❛s ✐❢ ♣✉t ❢♦r✇❛r❞ t❤❛t ✈❛❧♦r✱ ✇❤❡♥✱ ✉s✐♥❣ t❤✉♥❞❡r✲
❜♦❧t✱ t❤♦✉ ♠❛❞❡ t❤❡ s❧❡❡♣✐♥❣ s♥❛❦❡ t♦ ✇❛❦❡ ✉♣✳
✹✵ ✹✳✷✷✳✺ t❤♦✉✱ ❞❛r✐♥❣ ❝♦✉r❛❣❡♦✉s❧②✱ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✱ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦
❝❤❛♥❣❡ s✉❜❞✉❡❞ t❤❡ s♥❛❦❡
✹✶ ✹✳✶✼✳✼ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t t❤♦✉ ❤❡✇ ✐♥ ♣✐❡❝❡s t❤❡ s♥❛❦❡ ❬t❤❛t ✇❛s❪ ❧②✐♥❣
❛❣❛✐♥st ❞✐r❡❝t❡❞ ❢♦r✇❛r❞s ❬✇❛t❡rs❪
✺✳✷✾✳✻ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t t❤❡ ♠✉♥✐✜❝❡♥t ♦♥❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❝✉t s✐♠✉❧t❛♥❡♦✉s❧②
♥✐♥❡ ❛♥❞ ♥✐♥❡t② ❝♦✐❧s ♦❢ t❤✐s ♦♥❡ ✐♥t♦ ♣✐❡❝❡s
✹✷ ✶✳✶✸✵✳✹ ❍❛✈✐♥❣ ✜r♠❡❞ ✐♥ t❤❡ ❤❛♥❞s t❤❡ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✱ s❤❛r♣ ❛s ❛ ❝❛r✈✐♥❣
❦♥✐❢❡✱ ❤❡ s❤❛❧❧ ✇❤❡t ❬✐t❪ ❢♦r ❛ s❤♦t✱ ❤❡ s❤❛❧❧ ✇❤❡t ❬✐t❪ t♦ s❧❛② t❤❡ s♥❛❦❡✳
✶✳✸✷✳✸ ●❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡ t♦♦❦ r❡❛❞②✲t♦✲❜❡✲❞✐s❝❤❛r❣❡❞ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✱ ❤❡ s❧❛②❡❞
t❤❛t ✜rst✲❜♦r♥ ♦❢ s♥❛❦❡s✳
 ✶✵✶

❊❛rt❤ ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥

✹✸ ✇❤✐❝❤ ❛r❡ ❛❢r❛✐❞ ♦❢ Indra ❛♥❞ ❤✐s t❤✉♥❞❡r✲
✹✹ ✹✺
❜♦❧t ❀ t♦ ♠❛❦❡ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ s❤❛❦❡ t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤ ❀ t♦ r❡❧❡❛s❡ ♦❜str✉❝t❡❞
✇❛t❡rs
✹✻ ✹✼
❀ t♦ ❜r❡❛❦ ❉❛✇♥✬s ❝❛rt ❀ t♦ ❛❧❧♦✇ ❤✉♠❛♥s t♦ ❜✉r♥ ✇❤❛t
✐s ✐♥❤✉♠❛♥
✹✽ ❀ t♦ ♦❜t❛✐♥ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✹✾ ✳
❆❝❝❡♣t❡❞ ❤❡r❡ ✐♥t❡r♣r❡t❛t✐♦♥ ✭♦♥❡ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ adhyātma ♣❡rs♣❡❝✲
t✐✈❡✮ ♦❢ vajra✱ ♦r Indra✬s ✏t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✑✱ ✐s t❤❛t ✐t ✐s ❛♥ ❡①tr❡♠❡ ❝♦♥✲
❝❡♥tr❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❡♥❡r❣✐❡s ♦❢ t❤❡ ❜♦❞② ❛♥❞ ♦❢ t❤❡ ♠✐♥❞ ✖ ✐♥ ❤②♠♥s t♦
Indra ♣r✐♠❛r✐❧② ✐♥ t❤❡ man.ipūra ✭✶✵✳✷✼✳✷✶✮ ♦r ✐♥ t❤❡ ❤❡❛rt ✭✽✳✶✵✵✳✾✮
❝❛❦r❛s ✖ s✉❝❤ t❤❛t t❤♦s❡ ❡♥❡r❣✐❡s ❛r❡ r❡❛❞② t♦ ❜❡ r❡❧❡❛s❡❞ ✐♥ ❛♥
✐♥st❛♥t✱ r❡s✉❧t✐♥❣ ❡✐t❤❡r ✐♥ ❛ ♣♦✇❡r❢✉❧ str✐❦❡ ♦r ✐♥ ❛ ✢❛s❤ ♦❢ ✐♥s✐❣❤t✳
❚❤❡ r❡❧❡❛s❡❞ ❡♥❡r❣② ✐s ❛❧s♦ ❝❛❧❧❡❞ ✏t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✑✳
■♥ t❤❡ ✜rst ❝❛s❡✱ t❤❡ ❝♦♥❝❡♥tr❛t❡❞ ❛♥❞ r❡❧❡❛s❡❞ ❡♥❡r❣✐❡s r❡s✉❧t
✐♥ ❛ ❧✐❣❤t♥✐♥❣✲❢❛st✱ ✈❡r② ♣♦✇❡r❢✉❧ ❛♥❞ ♣r❡❝✐s❡ str✐❦❡
✺✵ ✱ ❛ str✐❦❡ ✇✐t❤
❛r♠s✱ ♦r ✇✐t❤ s♦♠❡t❤✐♥❣ ❧✐❦❡ ❛ ❝❧✉❜ ✇✐t❤ ♠❛♥② s♣✐❦❡s ♦r ❡❞❣❡s✱ ✐♥
✇❤✐❝❤ ❝❛s❡ ❛ttr✐❜✉t❡s ♦❢ t❤❡ ✇❡❛♣♦♥ ✇♦✉❧❞ ❜❡ tr❛♥s❢❡rr❡❞ ♦♥t♦ t❤❡
t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✱ t❤❡ ✇❡❛♣♦♥ t❤✉s ❜❡❝♦♠✐♥❣ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✬s ❡①t❡♥s✐♦♥❀
♦r✱ ❡♥❡r❣✐❡s ✇✐❧❧ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s ✐♥ ❛♥ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❡①tr❡♠❡
str❡♥❣t❤ ❢♦r ❛ s❤♦rt ♣❡r✐♦❞ ♦❢ t✐♠❡ ✭✉s✉❛❧❧② ✐♥ s✐t✉❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❡①tr❡♠❡
❞❛♥❣❡r ♦r str❡ss✮ ❞✉r✐♥❣ ✇❤✐❝❤ ❛ ♣❡rs♦♥ ♦❢ ❛✈❡r❛❣❡ str❡♥❣t❤ ♣❡r✲
❢♦r♠s ❛st♦✉♥❞✐♥❣ ♣❤②s✐❝❛❧ ❢❡❛ts ❧✐❦❡ ❢❛st s❝❛❧✐♥❣ ❛ ❤✐❣❤ ✇❛❧❧✱ ♦r
❧✐❢t✐♥❣ ❛ ❤❡❛✈② ❝❛r ✇✐t❤ ❜❛r❡ ❤❛♥❞s✱ ❡t❝✳
■♥ t❤❡ s❡❝♦♥❞ ❝❛s❡✱ t❤❡ r❡❧❡❛s❡❞ ❡♥❡r❣② ✇♦✉❧❞ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st ✐ts❡❧❢✱
✇❤❡♥ t❤❡ ❢♦❝✉s✐♥❣ ❛r❡❛ ✐s ✐♥ ♦♥❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ t❤r❡❡ ✉♣♣❡r ❝❛❦r❛s✱ ❛s ❛
♣♦❡t✐❝ ✐♥s♣✐r❛t✐♦♥✱ ❛s ❛♥ ❡♠❡r❣✐♥❣ ✉♥❞❡rst❛♥❞✐♥❣ ♦❢ ✇❤❛t ✐s ❞✐✣❝✉❧t
❛♥❞ ❤✐❞❞❡♥✱ ❛s ❛ ❝r❡❛t✐✈❡ s②♥t❤❡s✐s ♦❢ ✐❞❡❛s✱ ❛s ❛ tr❛♥s♣♦rt ✐♥t♦

✹✸ ✽✳✶✵✵✳✶✷ ❖ ❍❡❛✈❡♥✱ ❣✐✈❡ s♣❛❝❡ ❢♦r ❬Indra✬s❪ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t t♦ ♣r♦♣ ❛♣❛rt

❬Rodas✲❡s❪✦
✹✹ ✷✳✶✶✳✾ ❜♦t❤ t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤ ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ tr❡♠❜❧❡❞ ❜❡✐♥❣ ❛❢r❛✐❞ ♦❢ ❜❡❧❧♦✇✐♥❣
❜✉❧❧✱ ♦❢ ❤✐s t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✳
✹✺ ✹✳✷✷✳✸ ❤❡✱ ♣✉tt✐♥❣ ❡❛❣❡r t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t ✐♥t♦ ❛r♠s✱ ❜② t❤❡ ❢♦r❝❡❢✉❧♥❡ss ❬♦❢ ✐t❪
s❤❛❧❧ ♠❛❦❡ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ s❤❛❦❡ t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤✳
✹✻ ✸✳✸✸✳✼ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t ❤❡ ❞✐s♣❡rs❡❞ s✉rr♦✉♥❞✐♥❣ ❬✇❛❧❧s❪ ✖
❡♥❞❡❛✈♦r✐♥❣✲t♦✲♦❜t❛✐♥✲❝✐r❝✉❧❛t✐♦♥ ✇❛t❡rs s❡t ♦✉t
✶✳✶✵✸✳✷ str✐❦✐♥❣ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✱ ❤❡ ❤❛s ♣♦✉r❡❞ t❤❡ ✇❛t❡rs ♦✉t
✷✳✶✺✳✸ ✉s✐♥❣ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t ❤❡ s♣❧✐t ♦♣❡♥ t❤❡ ❛♣❡rt✉r❡s ♦❢ ❬✐♥♥❡r❪ ✢♦✇✐♥❣ ✇❛✲
t❡rs ❬t❤❛t❪ ❤❡ ❛t ✇✐❧❧ r❡❧❡❛s❡❞ ❬t♦ ✢♦✇❪ ❛❧♦♥❣ ❧♦♥❣✲str❡t❝❤✐♥❣ ♣❛t❤✇❛②s
✹✳✶✼✳✸ ❍❡✱ ❝❛st✐♥❣ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡ t❤❡ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✱ s❤❛❧❧ ♣✐❡r❝❡
t❤❡ ♠♦✉♥t❛✐♥
✹✼ ✷✳✶✺✳✻ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t ❤❡ ❜r♦❦❡ ✐♥t♦ ♣✐❡❝❡s t❤❡ ❝❛rt ♦❢ t❤❡ ❉❛✇♥
❤❡✇✐♥❣ ✐♥❛❝t✐✈❡ ♦♥❡s t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ✢❡❡t✐♥❣ ♦♥❡s
✹✽ ✷✳✶✶✳✶✵ ❚❤❡ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t ♦❢ ❤✐♠✱ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❜✉❧❧✱ r♦❛r❡❞ ❛❣❛✐♥ ❛♥❞ ❛❣❛✐♥ s♦ t❤❛t
❛ ❤✉♠❛♥ ✇♦✉❧❞ ❜✉r♥ ❞♦✇♥ ✐♥❤✉♠❛♥✳
✹✾ ✶✵✳✹✾✳✷ ■ ❤❛✈❡ ❜♦❧❞❧② t❛❦❡♥ ✖ ❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡ ✖ t❤❡
t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✳
✺✵ ❆ ❣r❛♣❤✐❝ ❞❡♠♦♥str❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ s✉❝❤ ❧✐❣❤t♥✐♥❣✲❢❛st ❛♥❞ ♣r❡❝✐s❡ str✐❦❡s✺✶ ❝❛♥ ❜❡
s❡❡♥ ✐♥ ❢♦♦t❛❣❡ ♦❢ ❇r✉❝❡ ▲❡❡✬s r❡❛❧ ✜❣❤ts ♦r ✐♥ t❤❡ ♠♦✈✐❡ ✏❱❛❧❤❛❧❧❛ ❘✐s✐♥❣✑✳
✶✵✷ ❚r❡❛s✉r❡s
❛ ❞♦♠❛✐♥ ♦❢ ❛♥ ♦❜s❡r✈❡r t❤❛t ✐s ❜❡②♦♥❞ ❝♦♥❝❡♣ts ♦❢ ✏s❡❧❢ ✑✱ ♦r✱ ✐❢
t❤❡ ❢♦❝✉s✐♥❣ ❛r❡❛ ✐s ✐♥ t❤❡ ❤❡❛rt ❝❛❦r❛✱ ❛s ❞✐s♣❡❧❧✐♥❣ ♦r r❡♠♦✈❛❧
♦❢ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ♦❜s❝✉r❛t✐♦♥s ❛♥❞ ❞❡❢❡♥s❡s✱ ♦❢ ✐♥❢❛t✉❛t✐♦♥s✱ ❛♥❞✴♦r ❛s ❛
✢♦♦❞ ♦❢ ❝♦♠♣❛ss✐♦♥✳
❆ ♣r❛❝t✐❝❛❧ t❡❝❤♥✐q✉❡ ❢♦r s✉❝❤ ❝♦♥❝❡♥tr❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❡♥❡r❣✐❡s ❝♦♥s✐sts
♦❢ ❛ ♣❛rt✐❝✉❧❛r ♠❡t❤♦❞ ♦❢ ❜r❡❛t❤✐♥❣ ✭pran
. āyama✮ ✐♥ t❤❡ ❝♦♥t❡①t ♦❢
s♣❡❝✐✜❝ ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥s✳

❚r❡❛s✉r❡s
▼❛♥② ❤②♠♥s ♦❢ ❘✐❣✈❡❞❛ ❡①♣r❡ss s❛❝r✐✜❝❡ ♣❛rt✐❝✐♣❛♥ts✬ ❞❡s✐r❡ ❢♦r
tr❡❛s✉r❡s✱ ❛♥❞ Indra ❤❛s ♠❛♥② ♦❢ t❤❡♠✶ ✳ ❲♦r❞s ✏tr❡❛s✉r❡✑✱ ✏r✐❝❤❡s✑
♦♥❧② ♦❝❝❛s✐♦♥❛❧❧② r❡❢❡r t♦ ♠❛t❡r✐❛❧ t❤✐♥❣s ❧✐❦❡ ♦✛s♣r✐♥❣s✱ ❣♦❧❞✱
❝♦✇s✱ ❤♦rs❡s❀ ♠♦r❡ ♦❢t❡♥✱ ❛ ✏tr❡❛s✉r❡✑ ♠❡❛♥s ❛ ♣❛rt✐❝✉❧❛r st❛t❡
♦❢ ❜♦❞②✴♠✐♥❞✳
❋✐✈❡ ♠❛❥♦r ✏tr❡❛s✉r❡s✑❛r❡ ❡❛❣❡r❧② s♦✉❣❤t✿

t❤❡ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r ✖ vā´ja ✖ ❧❛st✐♥❣ ❤✐❣❤ ❧❡✈❡❧ ♦❢ ❡♥❡r❣② ✐♥ ♠❛❥♦r

♠✉s❝❧❡s ♠❛❦✐♥❣ t❤❡♠ r❡❛❞② ❢♦r ❛ q✉✐❝❦ ❛♥❞ str♦♥❣ ❛❝✲
t✐♦♥❀ ✐t ✐s ✇❤❛t ❛t❤❧❡t❡s ❝❛❧❧ ✏t❤❡ s❡❝♦♥❞ ❜r❡❛t❤✑✱ ❜✉t
✇✐t❤♦✉t ❣❡tt✐♥❣ t✐r❡❞ ✜rst❀ ❛❧t❡r♥❛t✐✈❡❧②✱ ❛ ❤✐❣❤ ❧❡✈❡❧ ♦❢
♠❡♥t❛❧ ❡♥❡r❣②❀

✏t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡✑ ✖ ráı✱ rayı́ ❛♥❞ s♦♠❡t✐♠❡s vásu ✖ ♠✉❝❤ ❤✐❣❤❡r t❤❡♥
✉s✉❛❧ ❧❡✈❡❧ ♦❢ ❛❞r❡♥❛❧✐♥❡ ✐♥ t❤❡ ❜❧♦♦❞❀ ✐t s♦♠❡t✐♠❡s ❧❡❛❞s
t♦ s❡❡✐♥❣ ♦❜❥❡❝ts ❛s ✐❢ s✉rr♦✉♥❞❡❞ ❜② ❜r✐❧❧✐❛♥t ❣❧♦✇ ❛t
❡❞❣❡s ❛♥❞ ❜♦✉♥❞❛r✐❡s✱ ❛♥❞ t❤❡r❡❢♦r❡ ✐s ❝❤❛r❛❝t❡r✐③❡❞ ✐♥
s♦♠❡ ❤②♠♥s ❛s ✏❛❜♦✉♥❞✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❣♦❧❞✑❀

✏❡q✉❛♥✐♠✐t②✑ ✖ svàr ✖ ✉♥❛tt❛❝❤❡❞ st❛t❡ ♦❢ ♠✐♥❞✱ ❛✐r✐♥❡ss ♦r ✢✉✲

✐❞✐t② ♦❢ t❤❡ ♠✐♥❞❀ ❜❡✐♥❣ ✐♥ t❤❡ ♠✐❞st ♦❢ ❛ ❤✉rr✐❝❛♥❡ ♦❢
❡♥❡r❣✐❡s✱ ❡♠♦t✐♦♥s ❛♥❞ ♣❡r❝❡♣t✉❛❧ st✐♠✉❧✐✱ ②❡t ♥♦t ❜❡✐♥❣
s✇❡♣t ❛✇❛② ❜② ✐t❀

✏❝♦❤❡r❡♥❝❡✱ ❤❛r♠♦♥②✑ ✖ .rtá ✖ t❤❡ ❣❡♥❡r❛❧ ✏❛❧❧ ✐s ✇❡❧❧✲✜tt✐♥❣ t♦✲

❣❡t❤❡r✑ st❛t❡ ♦❢ ❛✛❛✐rs❀ t❤❡ ❝♦❤❡r❡♥❝❡ ❜❡t✇❡❡♥ ✐♥t❡♥✲
t✐♦♥s ❛♥❞ ❛❝t✐♦♥s✱ ♣❡r❝❡♣t✐♦♥s ❛♥❞ ❡①♣❡r✐❡♥❝❡s❀ ❛ ❜r✐❞❣❡
❜❡t✇❡❡♥ t❤❡ ❞♦♠❛✐♥ ♦❢ ❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ ❛♥❞ t❤♦s❡ ♦❢ ♣❡r❝❡♣t✐♦♥
❛♥❞ ♦❢ ✇✐❧❧❀

♦✛s♣r✐♥❣s ✖ prajā´ ✖ ♥❡✇ ✐♥s♣✐r❡❞ ❤②♠♥s✱ ❜r✐❧❧✐❛♥t ✐❞❡❛s✱ ✈✐s✐♦♥s✱

❛♥ ✉♥❞❡rst❛♥❞✐♥❣✱ ♥❡✇ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥s✳

✶ ✸✳✸✽✳✺ ❚❤❡ ❛♥❝✐❡♥t ♦♥❡✱ r❡s❡♠❜❧✐♥❣ ❛ ❜✉❧❧✱ t❤❡ ♠♦st ♦♣♣r❡ss✐♥❣ ♦♥❡✱ ❜r♦✉❣❤t
❢♦rt❤ t❤❡s❡✱ ❤✐s ❛r❡ ♠❛♥② ♣r♦❧✐❢❡r❛t✐♥❣ r✐❝❤❡s✳
❚r❡❛s✉r❡s ✶✵✸

❊q✉❛♥✐♠✐t② ❛♥❞ ❝♦❤❡r❡♥❝❡ ❛r❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡s ❣✐✈❡♥ ♣r✐♠❛r✐❧② ❜②

Soma✳ ❇♦t❤ Soma ❛♥❞ Indra ❣r❛♥t t❤❡ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r ❛♥❞ ✏♦✛✲
s♣r✐♥❣s✑✳ ❙♣❡❝✐✜❝ t♦ Indra ✐s ✏t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡✑ ✖ ♠✉❝❤ ❤✐❣❤❡r t❤❡♥
✉s✉❛❧ ❧❡✈❡❧ ♦❢ ❛❞r❡♥❛❧✐♥❡ ✐♥ t❤❡ ❜❧♦♦❞✳

■t ✐s ❛♥ ✐♥♥❛t❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡
✷ ♦❢ ✇❤✐❝❤ Indra ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡rs str✐✈❡ t♦
✸ ✹
❜❡❝♦♠❡ ♠❛st❡rs ❀ ✐t ✐s ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❡❞ ✐♥ ❛ ♠✉❧t✐t✉❞❡ ♦❢ ♠❡♥ ✇❤♦
❛r❡ ✜r♠ ❛♥❞ st❡❛❞❢❛st✱ ❛♥❞ ✐s ♦✛❡r❡❞ t♦ t❤❡♠ ✇❤❡♥ t❤❡② ❛r❡ ♦♥ ❛
♣r❡❝✐♣✐❝❡
✺ ✖ ❧✐❦❡ ✇❤❡♥ ❛ ❣❛♠❜❧❡r ✐s r❛✐s✐♥❣ t❤❡ st❛❦❡✻ ✳ ❚❤♦s❡ ✇❤♦
♦❜t❛✐♥ t❤❡ ♠❛♥❧② ✈✐❣♦✉r ❛♥❞ ❛r❡ ✐♠♣❡❧❧❡❞ ❜② Āditya✲s ❛r❡ ❛❧✇❛②s
✇✐t❤ ✐t
✼ s✐♥❝❡ t❤✐s tr❡❛s✉r❡ ✐s t❤❛t ✇❤✐❝❤ ❣✐✈❡s t❤❡ ♠❛♥❧② ✈✐❣♦✉r✽ ✳
■t ❝❛♥ ❜❡ ❛♥❞ ✐s ✇✐s❤❡❞ ❜② ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡rs t♦ ❜❡ ❡st❛❜❧✐s❤❡❞ ✐♥ t❤❡♠ ✱
✾
✐♥ ❛ ♣❛rt✐❝✉❧❛r r❡❝❡♣t❛❝❧❡
✶✵ ✶✶
♦r s❡❛t ✳

■t ✐s ❝❛❧❧❡❞ ❛ s✉❜st❛♥❝❡ ✭drávin

✶✷ ✱ ❛♥❞ ✐s ❣✐✈❡♥ ✐♥ ♠❛♥② ❝❛s❡s
. a✮
✶✸
❜② Indra ✱ ❜✉t Varun.a✱ Vis.n.u✱ ❛♥❞ Br.haspati✱ ✇❤❡♥ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤

✷ ✹✳✹✶✳✶✵ ♠❛② t❤❡②❬✱ t❤❡ ❝♦♥❝❡♣t✐♦♥s✱❪ ❛ss✐st ✇✐t❤ ♥♦✈❡❧ ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❤❡❧♣✐♥❣ t❤❡
t✇♦ ✇❤♦ ❤❛✈❡ ❛♣♣r♦♣r✐❛t❡ t♦ t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s ✐♥♥❛t❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡ ✐♥ ✉s✦
✸ ✹✳✹✶✳✶✵ ❲❡ ♠✐❣❤t ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ♠❛st❡rs ♦❢✱ ❛t ❧❡❛st✱ t❤❡ ✐♥♥❛t❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡
✹ ✽✳✹✺✳✹✷ ❲❤✐❝❤ t❤❡ ❤✉♠❛♥❦✐♥❞ ❦♥♦✇s ❢r♦♠ ❛ ♠✉❧t✐t✉❞❡ ❬♦❢ ♠❡♥❪ ❛s ❣r❛♥t❡❞
❬t♦ t❤❡♠❪✱ ❬❛s❪ t❤②✱ ❜r✐♥❣ ❤❡r❡ t❤❛t ❞❡s✐r❛❜❧❡ ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧ t❤✐♥❣✦
✺ ✽✳✹✺✳✹✶ ❲❤✐❝❤ ✐s ✐♥ ❬❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ✐s❪ ✜r♠✱ ✇❤✐❝❤ ✐s ✐♥ ❬❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ✐s❪ st❡❛❞❢❛st✱
✇❤✐❝❤ ✐s ♦✛❡r❡❞ ✇❤❡♥ ❬♦♥❡ ✐s❪ ♦♥ ❛ ♣r❡❝✐♣✐❝❡✱ ❜r✐♥❣ ❤❡r❡ t❤❛t ❞❡s✐r❛❜❧❡
❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧ t❤✐♥❣✦
✻ ✶✵✳✹✷✳✾ ❆♥❞ ❤❡❬✱ t♦ ✇❤♦♠ Indra ❤❛s ❝♦♥✈❡②❡❞ ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥t ❧♦✈❡❧② tr❡❛s✉r❡❪✱
♠❛❦✐♥❣ st❛❦❡s ❤✐❣❤❡r✱ ✇✐♥s t❤❡ st❛❦❡✱ ✇❤❡♥ ❛ ❣❛♠❜❧❡r ✇✐t❤ ❛ ✇✐♥♥✐♥❣ t❤r♦✇
♦❢ ❞✐❝❡ ❧❡ts ❞✐❝❡ t♦ r♦❧❧ ♦✉t ❛t ❛ ✜①❡❞ t✐♠❡✳
✼ ✽✳✹✻✳✺ ❖❜t❛✐♥✐♥❣ ❢♦r ❤✐♠s❡❧❢ r✐❝❤✲✐♥✲❝♦✇s r✐❝❤✲✐♥✲❤♦rs❡s ♠❛♥❧② ✈✐❣♦✉r✱ ✐♠✲
♣❡❧❧❡❞ ❜② Āditya✲s✱ ❤❡ ❣r♦✇s ✐♥t❡♥s❡✱ ❬❜❡✐♥❣❪ ❛❧✇❛②s ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ♠✉❝❤✲❞❡s✐r❡❞
tr❡❛s✉r❡✳
✽ ✽✳✾✺✳✹ ●r❛♥t ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥t❧② ❤❛✈✐♥❣✲♠❛♥❧②✲✈✐❣♦✉r r✐❝❤✲✐♥✲❝♦✇s tr❡❛s✉r❡
✽✳✾✽✳✶✷ ❞♦ ✐♠♣❛rt t♦ ✉s ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ♠❛♥❧② ✈✐❣♦✉r ❬tr❡❛s✉r❡❪✦
✾ ✻✳✹✼✳✻ ❇❡✐♥❣ ✐♥ t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡✱ ♣✉t t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡ ✐♥t♦ ✉s✦
✶✵✳✷✹✳✶ ▼❛❦❡ t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡ t♦ ❜❡ ❡st❛❜❧✐s❤❡❞ ✐♥ ✉s
✶✳✸✵✳✷✷ ▼❛❦❡ ✭✱ ❖ ❉❛✇♥✱✮ t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡ ❡st❛❜❧✐s❤❡❞ ✐♥ ✉s✦
✽✳✾✺✳✽ ❈❧❡❛♥s❡❞✱ ♠❛❦❡ t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡ ❡st❛❜❧✐s❤❡❞ ✐♥s✐❞❡
✽✳✺✾✳✼ ❖ Indra✕Varun
. a✱ ❞♦ ♣❧❛❝❡ ✐♥t♦ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡rs ♣❧❡❛s✐♥❣ ♥♦♥✲✈❛✐♥ ❛❜✉♥✲
❞❛♥❝❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡✦
✶✵ ✷✳✶✸✳✻ ❙✉❝❤ t❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ❡st❛❜❧✐s❤❡❞ ✐♥ Vivasvat ❛ r❡❝❡♣t❛❝❧❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡
✶✶ ✶✵✳✸✽✳✷ ❖ Indra✱ ✉♥♣❛❝❦ ❢♦r ✉s ✐♥ t❤❡ s❡❛t ♥♦✉r✐s❤✐♥❣ ❛❜♦✉♥❞✐♥❣ ✐♥ ✏❝♦✇s✑
t♦✲❜❡✲♣r❛✐s❡❞ tr❡❛s✉r❡✦
✶✷ ✹✳✷✸✳✹ ❍♦✇ s❤❛❧❧ ❛♥ ❡❛❣❡r❧② ❡①❡rt✐♥❣ ❤✐♠s❡❧❢ ❤✐s ❬✇♦rs❤✐♣❡r❪✱ r❡✢❡❝t✐♥❣ ✉♣♦♥
t❤❡ s✉❜st❛♥❝❡✱ ❛tt❛✐♥ ✐t❄
✹✳✹✶✳✾ ❚❤❡s❡ ♠② ❝♦♥❝❡♣t✐♦♥s✱ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ t♦ ♦❜t❛✐♥ t❤❡ s✉❜st❛♥❝❡✱ ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤
Indra ❬❛♥❞❪ Varun
.a
✶✸ ✼✳✷✵✳✼ ❇r✐♥❣ ❤❡r❡ ❢♦r ✉s✱ ❖ ♠❛♥✐❢♦❧❞ ♦♥❡✱ t❤❡ r❡♠❛r❦❛❜❧❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡✦
✽✳✾✺✳✹ ●r❛♥t ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥t❧② ❤❛✈✐♥❣✲♠❛♥❧②✲✈✐❣♦✉r r✐❝❤✲✐♥✲❝♦✇s tr❡❛s✉r❡
✽✳✾✽✳✶✷ ❞♦ ✐♠♣❛rt t♦ ✉s ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ♠❛♥❧② ✈✐❣♦✉r ❬tr❡❛s✉r❡❪
✻✳✷✸✳✶✵ ❛ ❣✐✈❡r ♦❢ tr❡❛s✉r❡❞✲❜②✲❛❧❧ tr❡❛s✉r❡ Indra
✶✵✹ ❚r❡❛s✉r❡s
Indra✱ ❛r❡ ❛❧s♦ ♠❡♥t✐♦♥❡❞
✶✹ ✳

Indra ✶✺ ✱ ♦✈❡rs❡❡r✶✻ ✱ ❣♦✈❡r♥♦r✶✼ ✱ ♠❛st❡r✶✽ ✱ ❛♥❞ ❛♣✲

✐s t❤❡ ♦✇♥❡r
✶✾ ✷✵
♣♦rt✐♦♥❡r ♦❢ t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡ ✱ ❜❡✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❝❤❛r❣❡ ♦❢ ✐t ✳ Indra st✐rs ✐t ✱
✷✶
✷✷ ✷✸
❛♥❞ s❡ts ✐t ✐♥ ♠♦t✐♦♥ ✱ ✐♠♣❡❧s ✐t ✱ ❢❛♥s
✷✹ ❛♥❞ ♣♦✉rs
✷✺ ✱ ❛♥❞ ✐♥✲
❝r❡❛s❡s ✐t
✷✻ ✳ ❇② ❣✐✈✐♥❣ ✐t t♦ ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡rs Indra ✐♥t❡♥s✐✜❡s ❤✐♠s❡❧❢
✷✼ ✳

✏❚❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡✑ ❤❛s t❤❡ ❢♦❧❧♦✇✐♥❣ ♣r♦♣❡rt✐❡s✳ ■t ❡♥❡r❣✐③❡s

✷✽ ❛♥❞
✷✾
❛❣✐t❛t❡s ❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣ ✱ ♥♦✉r✐s❤❡s
✸✵ ❛♥❞ ♥✉rt✉r❡s ✸✶ ✱ ❛♥❞ ✐s ✐♥ ❣❡♥❡r❛❧

✶✹ ✻✳✻✽✳✽ ◆♦✇ ❢♦r ✉s✱ ❖ Indra✕Varuna✱ ❜❡✐♥❣ ❡①t♦❧❧❡❞✱ ❞♦ ♣✉t t♦❣❡t❤❡r ❢♦r
.
t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ ❛ ❤✐❣❤ ♣r❛✐s❡ t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡ ✼✳✽✹✳✹ ❖ Indra✕Varun.a✱ ♠❛② ②♦✉ t✇♦
♣✉t tr❡❛s✉r❡❞✲❜②✲❛❧❧ r✐❝❤✲✐♥✲❜❡♥❡✜ts ❬❛♥❞❪ ❣r❛♥t✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡♠❪ ❧✐❜❡r❛❧❧② tr❡❛s✉r❡
✐♥t♦ ✉s✦
✻✳✻✾✳✶ ❇r✐♥❣✐♥❣ ✉s ♦✈❡r ❜② s❛❢❡ r♦❛❞s✱ ❬❖ Indra ❛♥❞ Vis.n.u✱❪ ❞♦ ❡♥❥♦② t❤❡
s❛❝r✐✜❝❡ ❛♥❞ ✐♠♣❛rt t❤❡ s✉❜st❛♥❝❡✦
✻✳✻✾✳✸ ❞♦ ❬②♦✉ t✇♦✱ Indra ❛♥❞ Vis.n.u✱❪ ♣r♦❞✉❝✐♥❣ t❤❡ s✉❜st❛♥❝❡✱ ❝♦♠❡ t♦
Soma
✻✳✻✾✳✺ ❬❨♦✉ t✇♦✱ Indra ❛♥❞ Vis.n.u✱❪ ❡♥❧✐✈❡♥❡❞ ❜② ❣❤❡❡✱ ❞♦ ✐♠♣❛rt t♦ ✉s t❤❡
s✉❜st❛♥❝❡✦
✼✳✾✽✳✼ ❉♦ ②♦✉ t✇♦ ❬✱ Br.haspati ❛♥❞ Indra✱❪ ❛❧s♦ ✐♠♣❛rt t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡ t♦
❡①t♦❧❧✐♥❣ ❬②♦✉❪ ♣r❛✐s❡r✦
✶✺ ✹✳✷✵✳✽ ❚❤♦✉ ❛r❡ t❤❡ ♦✇♥❡r ♦❢ t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡
✶✻ ✻✳✸✶✳✶ ❚❤♦✉✱ ❖ ♦✈❡rs❡❡r ♦❢ t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡✱ ❤❛s ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ♣r❡❡♠✐♥❡♥t ♦✈❡rs❡❡r
♦❢ tr❡❛s✉r❡s
✶✵✳✹✼✳✶ ♦✈❡rs❡❡r ♦❢ ❜❡♥❡✜ts ♦❢ t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡s
✶✼ ✶✳✺✶✳✶✹ ♦♥❧② Indra✱ t❤❡ ❜r✐♥❣❡r✱ ❣♦✈❡r♥s t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡
✶✽ ✶✵✳✹✸✳✸ ♦♥❧② ❤❡✱ t❤❡ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡✱ ✐s t❤❡ ♠❛st❡r ♦❢ ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧ tr❡❛s✉r❡
✶✾ ✶✳✽✶✳✻ ❉♦ ❛♣♣♦rt✐♦♥ t❤② ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥t tr❡❛s✉r❡
✷✵ ✽✳✺✸✳✶ ❜❡✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❝❤❛r❣❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡
✷✶ ✽✳✻✳✹✶ t❤♦✉ r❡♣❡❛t❡❞❧② st✐r t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡
✷✷ ✶✳✶✵✷✳✾ ▼❛② Indra ❛t t❤❡ ✐♠♣✉❧s✐♦♥ ❬♦❢ t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡❪ ♠❛❦❡✱ ✜rst ♦❢ ❛❧❧✱ t❤✐s
♦✉r ③❡❛❧♦✉s s✐♥❣❡r ♦❢ ❡✉❧♦❣✐❡s ❝♦♠✐♥❣✲❢♦rt❤ ❛s ❬❤✐s❪ ❝❤❛r✐♦t
✷✸ ✻✳✹✺✳✸✵ ■♠♣❡❧ t❤❡ ❣r❡❛t tr❡❛s✉r❡ t♦✇❛r❞s ✉s✦
✷✹ ✽✳✺✷✳✶✵ ❆t t❤❡ s❛♠❡ t✐♠❡ Indra ❢❛♥♥❡❞ ♣♦t❡♥t tr❡❛s✉r❡ ❬✐♥ ♠❛♥② ✇❛rr✐♦rs❪
✷✺ ✽✳✻✶✳✼ ❚❤♦✉ s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ ♣♦✉r❡❞ ❬✐t❪ ♦✉t ❛♣❧❡♥t② ❢♦r ❛ ❢♦r❛② ❢♦r ❝♦✇s✱ ❬t❤♦✉
s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ ♣♦✉r❡❞ ✐t ♦✉t❪✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❛♣❧❡♥t② ❢♦r ❛ ❢♦r❛② ❢♦r ❛ ❤♦rs❡✳
✷✻ ✼✳✸✵✳✶ ❇❡❝♦♠❡ ✐♥❝r❡❛s✐♥❣ t❤✐s tr❡❛s✉r❡
✷✼ ✶✵✳✷✹✳✶ ▼❛❦❡ t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡ t♦ ❜❡ ❡st❛❜❧✐s❤❡❞ ✐♥ ✉s✱ ❬t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡❪ ❧❡❛❞✐♥❣ t♦
❛ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞ ❞✐✛❡r❡♥t t❤✐♥❣s✱ s♦ t❤❛t t❤♦✉ ✇♦✉❧❞ ✐♥t❡♥s✐❢② t❤②s❡❧❢✳
✷✽ ✶✵✳✸✽✳✷ ❲❡✱ ❡♥❡r❣✐③❡❞ ❬❜② t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡❪✱ ❝♦✉❧❞ ❜❡ t❤②
✷✾ ✻✳✺✾✳✾ ❬❨♦✉ t✇♦✱Indra✕Agni✱❪ ❡①t❡♥❞ t♦✇❛r❞s ✉s ❤❡r❡ ♥✉rt✉r✐♥❣ ❛❣✐t❛t✐♥❣
❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣ tr❡❛s✉r❡✦
✸✵ ✽✳✾✼✳✶✺ ❛❧❧✲♥♦✉r✐s❤✐♥❣ t♦✲❜❡✲❡❛❣❡r❧②✲❞❡s✐r❡❞ tr❡❛s✉r❡
✸✶ ✻✳✺✾✳✾ ❬❨♦✉ t✇♦✱Indra✕Agni✱❪ ❡①t❡♥❞ t♦✇❛r❞s ✉s ❤❡r❡ ♥✉rt✉r✐♥❣ ❛❣✐t❛t✐♥❣
❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣ tr❡❛s✉r❡✦
❚r❡❛s✉r❡s ✶✵✺

❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧
✸✷ ❀ ✐t ❛❜♦✉♥❞s ✐♥ ✏❝♦✇s✑ ✸✸ ❛♥❞ ♠❛♥❧② ✈✐❣♦✉r✸✹ ✱ ❛♥❞ ✐♠✲
♣r❡❣♥❛t❡s
✸✺ ❀ ✐t ✐s ❧❡❛❞✐♥❣ t♦ t❤❡ ❣♦❛❧✸✻ ✱ ❛❧✇❛②s ♣r❡✈❛✐❧✐♥❣✱ ✐s ❛❝❝♦♠✲
♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② ✈✐❝t♦r②✱ ❛♥❞ t❤✉s ✐s ❧❛❞❡♥ ✇✐t❤ s♣♦✐❧s
✸✼ ✳ ■t ✏tr❛♥s♣♦rts✑
Indra ✸✽ ❛♥❞ ❞❡❢❡♥❞s t❤❡♠✸✾ ✱ ❣✐✈❡s t❤❡♠ ❝♦✉r❛❣❡ ❛♥❞
✇♦rs❤✐♣❡rs
✹✵
♠❛♥❧② s✉♣r❡♠❛❝② ✱ ❛♥❞ s♣r❡❛❞s ✐♥ ❛ ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡r ♠❛♥❧② ♣♦✇❡r t♦
✹✶ ✹✷
❝❤❛♥❣❡ ✱ t❤✉s ❤❡❧♣✐♥❣ t❤❡♠ t♦ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ Indra✬s ❝❤❛r✐♦t ❀ ✐t ✐s ✐♠✲
♣♦rt❛♥t t♦ t❤❡♠ t♦ ❤❛✈❡ ✏t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡✑ ✐♥ ❝❧❛s❤❡s
✹✸ ❛♥❞ r❛✐❞s ✹✹ ✳ ❋♦r
Indra ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡rs ✐t ✜♥❞s svar✹✺ ✱ ❤❡❧♣s t❤❡♠ ❛r♦✉s❡ deva✲s ✹✻ ❀ deva✲
✹✼
s ❛❧s♦ ❧♦♥❣ ❢♦r ✐t ✳ ■t ❤❡❧♣s t♦ ♠❛✐♥t❛✐♥ ❝♦♥❝❡♥tr❛t✐♥❣✲❛tt❡♥t✐♦♥
❛✉❞✐t♦r② ✐♠♣r❡ss✐♦♥
✹✽ ✳

■t ❛♣♣❡❛r t❤❛t ♦♥❧② t❤✐s tr❡❛s✉r❡ ✐s s♦✉❣❤t ❛❢t❡r ❜② Indra

✸✷ ✽✳✷✹✳✸ ❜r✐♥❣ ❤❡r❡ ❢♦r ✉s t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡ ✳✳✳ t❤❛t ✐s ❛❜♦✈❡ ❛❧❧ ❬❡❧s❡❪ ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧
❬❛♥❞❪ ❜❡st♦✇✐♥❣
✶✵✳✹✸✳✸ ♦♥❧② ❤❡✱ t❤❡ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡✱ ✐s t❤❡ ♠❛st❡r ♦❢ ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧ tr❡❛s✉r❡
✼✳✽✹✳✹ ❖ Indra✕Varun
. a✱ ♠❛② ②♦✉ t✇♦ ♣✉t tr❡❛s✉r❡❞✲❜②✲❛❧❧ r✐❝❤✲✐♥✲❜❡♥❡✜ts
❬❛♥❞❪ ❣r❛♥t✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡♠❪ ❧✐❜❡r❛❧❧② tr❡❛s✉r❡ ✐♥t♦ ✉s✦
✸✸ ✶✵✳✸✽✳✷ ❙✉❝❤✱ ❖ Indra✱ ✉♥♣❛❝❦ ❢♦r ✉s ✐♥ t❤❡ s❡❛t ♥♦✉r✐s❤✐♥❣ ❛❜♦✉♥❞✐♥❣ ✐♥
✏❝♦✇s✑ t♦✲❜❡✲♣r❛✐s❡❞ tr❡❛s✉r❡✦
✸✹ ✽✳✾✺✳✹ ●r❛♥t ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥t❧② ❤❛✈✐♥❣✲♠❛♥❧②✲✈✐❣♦✉r r✐❝❤✲✐♥✲❝♦✇s tr❡❛s✉r❡
✸✺ ✶✵✳✹✼✳✶ t❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ ❣✐✈❡ ✉s ❝♦♥s♣✐❝✉♦✉s ✐♠♣r❡❣♥❛t✐♥❣ tr❡❛s✉r❡
✸✻ ✸✳✹✺✳✹ s❤❛❦❡ ♦✛✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❧❡❛❞✐♥❣✲t♦✲t❤❡✲❣♦❛❧ ❜❡♥❡✜t
✸✼ ✶✳✽✳✶ ✐♥ ♦r❞❡r t♦ ❤❡❧♣✱ ❜r✐♥❣ ❤❡r❡ ❧❛❞❡♥ ✇✐t❤ s♣♦✐❧s tr❡❛s✉r❡ ❬t❤❛t ✐s❪ ❛❝✲
❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② ✈✐❝t♦r②✱ ❬t❤❛t ✐s❪ ❛❧✇❛②s ♣r❡✈❛✐❧✐♥❣✱ t❤❡ ♠♦st ❡①❝❡❧❧❡♥t✦
✸✽ ✶✳✶✷✾✳✶✵ ❬❉♦❪ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❬❥♦✉r♥❡②❪ ✇✐t❤ ❜❡st✲❛t✲tr❛♥s♣♦rt✐♥❣ tr❡❛s✉r❡
❢♦r ✉s✦
✸✾ ✻✳✻✽✳✼ ❆♥❞ ♠❛② t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡ ❜❡ ♦✉r ✇❡❧❧✲❞❡❢❡♥❞✐♥❣ ❞✐✈✐♥❡ ♣r♦t❡❝t♦r ❢♦r
✐♥st✐t✉t♦rs ♦❢ t❤❡ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡
✹✵ ✼✳✸✵✳✶ ❇❡❝♦♠❡ ✐♥❝r❡❛s✐♥❣ t❤✐s tr❡❛s✉r❡ ❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ ❣r❡❛t ❝♦✉r❛❣❡✱ ❬✐♥✲
❝r❡❛s✐♥❣ ✐t❪ ✈❡r② ♠✉❝❤ ❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ ♠❛♥❧② s✉♣r❡♠❛❝②
✹✶ ✽✳✺✶✳✶✵ ❚❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡ ❤❛s s♣r❡❛❞ ✐♥ ✉s ♠❛♥❧② ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡
✹✷ ✶✳✶✵✷✳✾ ▼❛② Indra ❛t t❤❡ ✐♠♣✉❧s✐♦♥ ❬♦❢ t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡❪ ♠❛❦❡✱ ✜rst ♦❢ ❛❧❧✱ t❤✐s
♦✉r ③❡❛❧♦✉s s✐♥❣❡r ♦❢ ❡✉❧♦❣✐❡s ❝♦♠✐♥❣✲❢♦rt❤ ❛s ❬❤✐s❪ ❝❤❛r✐♦t
✹✸ ✽✳✹✵✳✶ ❖ Indra✲Agni✱ ②♦✉ t✇♦ ❛r❡ ❡❛s✐❧② ♦✈❡r♣♦✇❡r✐♥❣ ✉s ❬❛♥❞❪ ✐♠♣❛rt✐♥❣
t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡ ✇✐t❤ ✇❤✐❝❤ ✐♥ ❝❧❛s❤❡s ✇❡ ♠✐❣❤t ♦✈❡r♣♦✇❡r str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞s ❬❛♥❞❪
❡✈❡♥ t❤❡ ✜r♠ ♦♥❡
✹✹ ✽✳✻✶✳✼ ❚❤♦✉ s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ ♣♦✉r❡❞ ❬✐t❪ ♦✉t ❛♣❧❡♥t② ❢♦r ❛ ❢♦r❛② ❢♦r ❝♦✇s
✹✺ ✽✳✶✸✳✺ ❜r✐♥❣ ❤❡r❡ ❢♦r ✉s ❝♦♥s♣✐❝✉♦✉s ✜♥❞✐♥❣✲svàr tr❡❛s✉r❡✦
✹✻ ✼✳✽✹✳✺ ❙♦ t❤❛t ✇❡✱ ♣♦ss❡ss✐♥❣ ♦❢ t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡✱ ✇♦✉❧❞ s❡t ♦✉t t♦ ❛r♦✉s❡ deva✲s
✹✼ ✶✵✳✼✹✳✸ ❚❤✐s ✐s ❛♥ ✐♥✈♦❝❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ t❤❡s❡ ✐♠♠♦rt❛❧s ✇❤♦ ❛❧❧ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ❧♦♥❣ ❢♦r
t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡✳
✹✽ ✽✳✷✹✳✸ ❜r✐♥❣ ❤❡r❡ ❢♦r ✉s t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡ ❬t❤❛t ✐s❪ ❜❡st ❛t ❬♠❛✐♥t❛✐♥✐♥❣❪
❝♦♥❝❡♥tr❛t✐♥❣✲❛tt❡♥t✐♦♥ ❛✉❞✐t♦r② ✐♠♣r❡ss✐♦♥
✶✵✻ ❚r❡❛s✉r❡s
❛❞❡♣ts ✳ ■t ✐s ♠✉❝❤ ❛♥❞ ❡❛❣❡r❧② ❞❡s✐r❡❞ ✱ ❝❤❡r✐s❤❡❞ ❜② ❛❧❧ ❀
✹✾ ✺✵ ✺✶ ✺✷ ✺✸
✐t ✐s ♥♦t ❞❡✜❝✐❡♥t ❛♥❞ ✐s ✉♥❞❡❝❛②✐♥❣ ✱ ✐t ✐s t♦✲❜❡✲❞❡♣❧♦②❡❞ ✱ ❛♥❞✱
✺✹ ✺✺
✇❤❡♥ ✐t ✐s ❞❡♣❧♦②❡❞✱ ✐t ❤❛s t❤♦✉s❛♥❞ ❡✛❡❝ts ✳ ■♥ ❛❞❞✐t✐♦♥ t♦ ❛❧✲
✺✻
r❡❛❞② ♠❡♥t✐♦♥❡❞ ❛❜♦✈❡ ❡✛❡❝ts✱ t❤❡r❡ ❛r❡ t❤❡ ♦❜t❛✐♥✐♥❣ ♦❢ ❛♥♦t❤❡r
tr❡❛s✉r❡ ✖ ♠❛❧❡ ♦✛s♣r✐♥❣s ✱ ❛♥ ❛✐❞ ✐♥ ❛❝t✐✈✐t✐❡s r❡q✉✐r✐♥❣ s❦✐❧❧ ❀
✺✼ ✺✽
❢♦r t❤♦s❡ ✇❤♦ ✜❣❤t Vr.tra✱ ✐t ✐s ❛ r❡❢r❡s❤♠❡♥t t❤❛t r❡♠♦✈❡s ♠✉❧t✐✲
✺✾
♣❧❡ ♦❜st❛❝❧❡s ❛♥❞ ✐s ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② ❧✐❜❡r❛❧✐t② ✇❤✐❝❤ ♣r♦❜❛❜❧②
✻✵ ✻✶
♠❡❛♥s t❤❛t ✐t ❡❛s❡s ❛tt❛❝❤♠❡♥ts t♦ ♠❛t❡r✐❛❧ t❤✐♥❣s✳
❚❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡ ❝❛♥ ❜❡ s✇❡❧❧❡❞ ❜② Soma ✱ s❤❛r♣❡♥❡❞ ❛♥❞ ✐♥✲
✻✷ ✻✸
❝r❡❛s❡❞ ❜② Indra✳ ■t ✐s ❛❧s♦ ♠❡♥t✐♦♥❡❞ t❤❛t t❤✐s tr❡❛s✉r❡ ❝❛♥
✻✹
❜❡❝♦♠❡ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞❢♦❧❞ ❛s ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥t ♦♥❝❡ ❣✐✈❡♥ ❜❡❢♦r❡ ♦r ❞✉r✐♥❣ ❛
✜❣❤t✐♥❣ ♠❛t❝❤ ✐♥ ❛ r✐♥❣ ✳ ✻✺

✹✾ ✶✳✺✸✳✸ ❖♥❧② t❤✐s t❤② tr❡❛s✉r❡ ♦♥❡ ❦❡❡♣s s❡❡❦✐♥❣ ❡✈❡r②✇❤❡r❡✳

✺✵ ✽✳✹✻✳✺ ❤❡ ❣r♦✇s ✐♥t❡♥s❡✱ ❬❜❡✐♥❣❪ ❛❧✇❛②s ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ♠✉❝❤✲❞❡s✐r❡❞ tr❡❛s✉r❡✳
✺✶ ✽✳✾✼✳✶✺ ❛❧❧✲♥♦✉r✐s❤✐♥❣ t♦✲❜❡✲❡❛❣❡r❧②✲❞❡s✐r❡❞ tr❡❛s✉r❡
✺✷ ✽✳✺✵✳✶ ✇❤♦ ✐♥❝r❡❛s❡s ❛s ✐❢ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞❢♦❧❞ t♦✲❜❡✲❞❡s✐r❡❞ tr❡❛s✉r❡
✷✳✷✷✳✸ ❬t❤❡♥ ❝♦♠❡s❪ t❤❡ ❣✐✈✐♥❣ ♦❢ ❢❛✈♦✉r t♦ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ♣r❛✐s❡s ❬❤✐♠❪ ✖ t♦✲❜❡✲
❞❡s✐r❡❞ tr❡❛s✉r❡✳
✺✸ ✸✳✸✻✳✶✵ ❖✛❡r t♦ ✉s ✳✳✳ ❬❛ s❤❛r❡❪ ♦❢ ❝❤❡r✐s❤❡❞ ❜② ❛❧❧ ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥t tr❡❛s✉r❡✦
✺✹ ✻✳✷✷✳✸ ❲❤✐❝❤ ❬✐s❪ ♥♦t ❞❡✜❝✐❡♥t✱ ✉♥❞❡❝❛②✐♥❣✱ ♣♦ss❡ss✐♥❣ ♦❢ svàr✱ t❤❛t ❬tr❡❛✲
s✉r❡❪ ❜r✐♥❣ ❤❡r❡
✺✺ ✽✳✹✻✳✶✾ ❬❜r✐♥❣ ❤❡r❡❪ ❢♦r ✉s t♦✲❜❡✲❞❡♣❧♦②❡❞ tr❡❛s✉r❡
✺✻ ✽✳✾✸✳✷✶ ❚❤♦✉✱ ❜❡❝♦♠✐♥❣ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t❡❞✱ ❬❞♦❪ q✉✐❝❦❧② ❬❜r✐♥❣❪ t♦ ✉s ❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❤♦✉✲
s❛♥❞ ❬❡✛❡❝ts❪ tr❡❛s✉r❡✦
✶✵✳✷✹✳✶ ▼❛❦❡ t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡ t♦ ❜❡ ❡st❛❜❧✐s❤❡❞ ✐♥ ✉s✱ ❬t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡❪ ❧❡❛❞✐♥❣ t♦
❛ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞ ❞✐✛❡r❡♥t t❤✐♥❣s✱ s♦ t❤❛t t❤♦✉ ✇♦✉❧❞ ✐♥t❡♥s✐❢② t❤②s❡❧❢✳
✺✼ ✷✳✸✵✳✶✶ ✇❡ ✇✐❧❧ ❛tt❛✐♥ ❛❧❧✲❤❡r♦✐❝ tr❡❛s✉r❡ ❛ss♦❝✐❛t❡❞ ✇✐t❤ ♦✛s♣r✐♥❣s
✶✵✳✶✻✼✳✶ ❉♦ t❤♦✉ ❡✛❡❝t ❢♦r ✉s ♣♦ss❡ss❡❞ ♦❢ ♠❛♥② ♠❛❧❡ ♦✛s♣r✐♥❣s tr❡❛s✉r❡✦
✸✳✸✵✳✶✽ ▼❛② t❤❡r❡ ❜❡ ❢♦r ✉s ❛ ❣♦♦❞ ❢♦rt✉♥❡ t❤❛t ❣r❛♥ts ♦✛s♣r✐♥❣s✦
✺✽ ✽✳✾✸✳✸✹ ▼❛② Indra ❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ ❧✐❜❛t✐♦♥ ❣✐✈❡ ✉s ❝r❛❢t② tr❡❛s✉r❡ ✇❤✐❝❤ ✐s
t❤❡ ♠❛st❡r ♦❢ R.bhu✲s✦
✼✳✷✽✳✺ ✇❤♦ ❛✐❞s ♠♦st ✐♥ ❝♦♠♣♦s✐t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ♣r❛✐s❡r✬s ❢♦r♠✉❧❛ ✇❤❡♥ ❤❡ ❣r❛♥ts
✉s t❤❡ ❢❛✈♦✉r ♦❢ t❤❡ ❣r❡❛t tr❡❛s✉r❡✳✳✳
✺✾ ✶✵✳✹✽✳✽ ■ s❤❛❧❧ ♠❛✐♥t❛✐♥ ❛♠♦♥❣ ❝❧❛♥s ❝♦♥t❡♥❞✐♥❣ ✇✐t❤ Vrtra ❬tr❡❛s✉r❡❪ ❛s ❛
r❡❢r❡s❤♠❡♥t .
✻✵ ✶✳✺✸✳✻ ✇❤❡♥ ❢♦r t❤❡ s✐♥❣❡r ♦❢ ❡✉❧♦❣✐❡s t❤♦✉ ❝❛✉s❡❞ t❤❡ ✉♥♦♣♣♦s❛❜❧❡ ❬tr❡❛✲
s✉r❡❪ t♦ ♣✉❧❧✲✐♥ t❡♥ ♦❜st❛❝❧❡s ❬❛♥❞❪ ❛ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞ ❢♦r ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ s♣r❡❛❞ t❤❡
s❛❝r✐✜❝✐❛❧ ❣r❛ss✳
✻✶ ✶✳✸✸✳✹ ❚❤♦✉ ✉♥❝♦✈❡r❡❞ ❛❞❞✐t✐♦♥❛❧ ❝♦♥t❛✐♥❡rs ♦❢ ✇❛t❡rs✱ t❤♦✉ ❝❛✉s❡❞
❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞✲❜②✲❧✐❜❡r❛❧✐t② tr❡❛s✉r❡ t♦ ♣❡rs✐st ✐♥ ❛ ❦♥♦tt② ♦♥❡✳
✻✷ ✽✳✹✾✳✷ ❆s ❬str❡❛♠s❪ ❢r♦♠ ❛ ♠♦✉♥t❛✐♥✱ ❥✉✐❝❡s ♦❢ t❤✐s ♦♥❡ s✇❡❧❧ ♠✉❝❤✲
♥♦✉r✐s❤✐♥❣ ❛❧❧♦tt❡❞ ♣♦rt✐♦♥s ❬♦❢ t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡❪✳
✻✸ ✶✳✽✶✳✼ ❙❤❛r♣❡♥ t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡ ✐♥ ❜♦t❤ ❤❛♥❞s✱ ❜r✐♥❣ ❤❡r❡ r✐❝❤❡s✦
✻✹ ✼✳✸✵✳✶ ❇❡❝♦♠❡ ✐♥❝r❡❛s✐♥❣ t❤✐s tr❡❛s✉r❡ ❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ❣r❡❛t ❝♦✉r❛❣❡✱ ❬✐♥❝r❡❛s✲
✐♥❣ ✐t❪ ✈❡r② ♠✉❝❤ ❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ ♠❛♥❧② s✉♣r❡♠❛❝②
✻✺ ✻✳✸✺✳✶ ❲❤❡♥ ✇✐❧❧ t❤♦✉ ❣✐✈❡ t♦ ❬t❤✐s❪ ♣r❛✐s❡r t❤❛t ✇❤✐❝❤ ✐s t♦ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ t❤♦✉✲
s❛♥❞❢♦❧❞ ❛s ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥t❄
✻✳✸✺✳✷ ❏✉st ✇❤❡♥ ✇✐❧❧ ✐t ❬❜❡❪✱ ❖ Indra✱ t❤❛t t❤♦✉ ✇♦✉❧❞ ❜r✐♥❣ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✐♥t♦
❛ r✐♥❣ ♠❡♥ ✇✐t❤ ♠❡♥✱ ❤❡r♦❡s ✇✐t❤ ❤❡r♦❡s❄ ❲✐♥ ✜❣❤t✐♥❣ ♠❛t❝❤❡s✦
❚r❡❛s✉r❡s ✶✵✼
❆♥ ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥❝❡ ♦❢ ✐t ✐s ♣❧❡❛s✐♥❣ ❛♥❞ ♥♦♥✲✈❛✐♥ ❛♥❞✱ ✉♥❧✐❦❡ ♠❛✲
✻✻
t❡r✐❛❧ tr❡❛s✉r❡s✱ ✐t ✐s ♣♦ss❡ss✐♥❣ ♦❢ svàr ✱ ✐t ✐s r✐❝❤ ✐♥ ❤❡r♦❡s ✳
✻✼ ✻✽
❖❜t❛✐♥✐♥❣ ❛♥ ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥❝❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡ r❡q✉✐r❡s Indra✬s ❤❡❧♣ ✼✵
❛♥❞ s♦♠❡ ❡✛♦rts ♦♥ t❤❡ ♣❛rt ♦❢ ❛ ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡r ✖ ♣❡r❢♦r♠✐♥❣ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛✲
t✐♦♥s✱ ♣r❡ss✐♥❣ Soma ❀ ✐♥ s♦♠❡ ❝❛s❡s ✐t r❡q✉✐r❡s ✉tt❡r✐♥❣ ♦r ❤❡❛r✐♥❣
✼✶
❡❧♦q✉❡♥t s♣❡❡❝❤❡s ✱ ✐♥ ♦t❤❡r ❝❛s❡s r❡str❛✐♥✐♥❣ t❤❡ s♣❡❡❝❤ ✱ ❡♠✲
✼✷ ✼✸
♣❧♦②✐♥❣ ❡①t❡♥s✐✈❡ ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥s ✱ ❛♥❞ ❛❧❧♦✇✐♥❣ Indra t♦ ✐♥❝r❡❛s❡
✼✹
✐♥ s✐③❡ ❀ ✐t ❛♣♣❡❛rs t❤❛t Indra ♠✐❣❤t ♣r♦❝✉r❡ t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡ ❞✉r✐♥❣
✼✺
✐♥t❡♥s❡ ❜✐t✐♥❣ ✖ ❢♦r ❡①❛♠♣❧❡✱ ❜✐t✐♥❣ ❛ s❤✐❡❧❞ ❛s ❜❡rs❡r❦❡rs ❛r❡
✼✻
s❛✐❞ t♦ ❤❛✈❡ ❞♦♥❡✱ ♦r ♠❛❦❡ t❤❡ ♠✐♥❞✱ ❧✐❦❡❧② ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ✐♥t❡♥s❡
✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥s ❛♥❞ ♠❡♥t❛❧ s♣❛❝❡ ❢♦r ✐t✱ t♦ ♣r♦❝✉r❡ ✐t ✳ ✼✼

✻✻ ✽✳✺✾✳✼ ❖ Indra✕Varuna✱ ❞♦ ♣❧❛❝❡ ✐♥t♦ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡rs ♣❧❡❛s✐♥❣ ♥♦♥✲✈❛✐♥ ❛❜✉♥✲

.
❞❛♥❝❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡✦
✻✼ ✻✳✷✷✳✸ ❲❤✐❝❤ ❬✐s❪ ♥♦t ❞❡✜❝✐❡♥t✱ ✉♥❞❡❝❛②✐♥❣✱ ♣♦ss❡ss✐♥❣ ♦❢ svàr✱ t❤❛t ❬tr❡❛✲
s✉r❡❪ ❜r✐♥❣ ❤❡r❡
✻✽ ✷✳✶✶✳✶✸ ❚❤♦✉ ❣r❛♥t ✉s t❤❡ ❣✐❢t r✐❝❤ ✐♥ ❤❡r♦❡s✳
✻✳✷✷✳✸ ♦❢ ✇❤✐❝❤ ❬tr❡❛s✉r❡❪ ❤❡r♦❡s ❛r❡ ♠❛♥②✱ ✇❤✐❝❤ ❬tr❡❛s✉r❡❪ ✐s ♠❛♥❧② ❛♥❞
❣r❛♥t✐♥❣ ❧✐❜❡r❛❧❧② ❬✇❤❛t✬s ❧♦✈❡❧② ❛♥❞ ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧❪✳
✸✳✻✷✳✸ ▼❛② t❤❛t ❜❡♥❡✜t ❜❡ ❢♦r ✉s✱ ❖ Indra✕Varun.a✱ ❢♦r ✉s ❬❜❡❪ t❤❡ ❛❧❧✲❤❡r♦✐❝
tr❡❛s✉r❡ ♦❢ Marut✲s✦
✺✳✸✵✳✶ ❬t❤❡ ❤❡r♦❪ ✇❤♦✱ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ ♣r❡ss❡❞ ♦✉t Soma✱ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡
❬❜❡❝♦♠❡s❪ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲✇✐❡❧❞❡r ✇❤❡♥ t❤❡ ♠✉❝❤✲✐♥✈♦❦❡❞✲t♦❣❡t❤❡r✲✇✐t❤✲❬❤✐s❪✲
❛ss✐st❛♥❝❡ ♦♥❡✻✾ ❬✐s❪ ❝♦♠✐♥❣ ❤♦♠❡✳
✼✵ ✽✳✷✶✳✼ ❏✉st ❬❛s ✇❡ ❛r❡❪ ✐♥ t❤❡ ♣r❡s❡♥t ❞❛②✱ ✇❡ ❤❛✈❡ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ✇✐t❤ t❤② ❤❡❧♣✱
❖ Indra✱ s✐♥❝❡ ❜❡❢♦r❡ ✇❡ ❤❛✈❡ ♥♦t ❡①♣❡r✐❡♥❝❡❞ t❤❡ ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥❝❡ ♦❢ t❤② ✳✳✳
❬tr❡❛s✉r❡❪✳
✶✵✳✹✷✳✾ ❲❤♦✱ ❧♦♥❣✐♥❣ ❢♦r t❤❡ deva✱ ❞♦❡s ♥♦t ❤♦❧❞ ❞♦✇♥ st❛❦❡s✱ ❤✐♠ ❤❡✱ ✇❤♦
❤❛s t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r ♦❢ s❡❧❢✲❞❡t❡r♠✐♥❛t✐♦♥✱ ♣r❡s❡♥ts ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡✳
✼✶ ✽✳✻✻✳✻ s✐♥❝❡ ♦♥❧② t❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❢♦r ❤✐♠✱ ✇❤♦ ✐s ♣❡r❢♦r♠✐♥❣ ❛ ❢♦r♠✉✲
❧❛t✐♦♥✱ ✇❤♦ ♣r❡ss❡s ❬Soma❪✱ ❬t❤❡ ♦♥❡ ✇❤♦ ✐s❪ ❣✐✈✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♠♦st ❬t❤❛t❪ t♦✲❜❡✲
❞❡s✐r❡❞ tr❡❛s✉r❡
✶✳✽✶✳✷ ❢♦r Soma✲♣r❡ss❡r t❤② tr❡❛s✉r❡ ✐s ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥t
✻✳✷✾✳✶ ❙✐♥❝❡ ❤❡ ✇❤♦ ❤❛s t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t ✐♥ ❬❤✐s❪ ❤❛♥❞s ✐s ❛ ❣✐✈❡r ♦❢ ✈❛st ❬tr❡❛✲
s✉r❡❪✱ ❞♦ ♠❛❦❡ ✜r❡ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣s t♦ t❤❡ ♠✐❣❤t② ❞❡❧✐❣❤t❢✉❧ ♦♥❡ ❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢
❬❤✐s❪ ❤❡❧♣✳
✼✷ ✻✳✷✶✳✶ P❡r✈❛❞✐♥❣ tr❡❛s✉r❡ ❝♦♠❡s ❛❣❛✐♥ ❛♥❞ ❛❣❛✐♥ t❤r♦✉❣❤ ❡❧♦q✉❡♥❝❡
✼✸ ✶✳✶✸✵✳✾ ■❢ ❬♦♥❡ ✐s❪ ✐♥ ❤❛st❡✱ ❤❡✱ ❣✐✈✐♥❣ ❛ ❝❤❛♥❝❡ ❬t♦ t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡❪ t♦ ♠♦✈❡
✉♣✇❛r❞s✱ ❝❛rr✐❡s ❛✇❛② t❤❡ s♣❡❡❝❤
✼✹ ✶✳✻✶✳✶✻✱ ✽✳✽✵✳✶✵ ❬s♦ t❤❛t❪ ❤❡✱ ✇❤♦s❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡ ✐s ❬❣✐✈❡♥❪ ❜② ❛ ✈✐s✐♦♥✱ ♠✐❣❤t
❝♦♠❡ ♣r♦♠♣t❧②✱ ❛t ❞❛②❜r❡❛❦✦
✽✳✹✳✶✺ ❇❡✐♥❣ s✉❝❤✱ ♠❛② t❤♦✉ ❞❡s✐r❡ t♦ ❤❡❧♣ ✉s✱ t♦ ❣✐✈❡ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❛
✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥ t❤❡ ❢♦❝✉s ❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡
✽✳✶✷✳✶✵ ❚❤✐s ♥❡✇ ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥✱ r❡❛❞② ❢♦r ❝♦♥❝❡✐✈✐♥❣✱ ♣r♦❝❡❡❞s ❢♦r t❤② s❛❦❡❀
❛tt❡♥❞✐♥❣ ❬t♦ t❤❡❡❪✱ ✐t✱ ❞❡❛r t♦ ♠❛♥②✱ ❥✉st ❛♣♣♦rt✐♦♥s ❬t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡❪✳
✼✺ ✽✳✺✷✳✻ ❋♦r ✇❤♦♠ t❤♦✉ ✐♥❝r❡❛s❡ t❤②s❡❧❢ ✐♥ ♦r❞❡r t♦ ❣✐✈❡✱ ❤❡ s♣✉rs ♦♥ ❛♥
❛❜✉♥❞❛♥❝❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡✳
✼✻ ✶✵✳✸✽✳✹ ♠❛♥ ✇❤♦ ✐s ♥♦✇❛❞❛②s ❦♥♦✇♥ t♦ ♣r♦❝✉r❡ ❬t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡❪ ❛t ❜✐t✐♥❣
✼✼ ✶✳✺✹✳✾ ❚❤❡♥✱ ♠❛❦❡ t❤❡ ♠✐♥❞ t♦ ❜❡st♦✇ t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡✦
✼✳✷✼✳✺ ◆♦✇✱ Indra✱ ❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡✱ ❝r❡❛t❡ ♠❡♥t❛❧ s♣❛❝❡ ❢♦r ✉s
✶✵✽ ❚❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡s
❚❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡ ♥❡❡❞s t♦ ❜❡ ♠❛✐♥t❛✐♥❡❞
✼✽ ♦r ♣r❡s❡r✈❡❞✼✾ ✐♥ ♦r❞❡r
✽✵
t♦ ♣❡rs✐st ✐♥ t❤❡ ❜♦❞② ✳ ❆ ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡r ✇❤♦ ✐s ✐❞❧❡✱ s❧❡❡♣②✱ ♥♦t✲
s❡❡❦✐♥❣ t❤❡ deva✱ ✇❤♦ ♣✉ts ♥♦ ❝♦♥str❛✐♥ts ♦♥ ❤✐♠s❡❧❢✱ ❞❡str♦②s t❤❡
tr❡❛s✉r❡
✽✶ ✳
❙♦♠❡ ♦t❤❡r t❤✐♥❣s ✐♠♣❛rt❡❞ ❜② Indra ❛r❡ ♠❡♥t✐♦♥❡❞ ❛s ✏tr❡❛s✉r❡s✑✿
❝♦♥❝❡♥tr❛t✐♦♥
✽✷ ✱ ✭♣❛rt✐❝✉❧❛r❧② ♣❛tt❡r♥❡❞✮ ❜r❡❛t❤✽✸ ✱ ✈❛❧♦r✽✹ ✱ ♠❛♥❧②
✽✺ ✽✻
✈✐❣♦✉r ✱ Indra✬s ♦✇♥ ❛ss✐st❛♥❝❡ ✱ ❛♥❞✱ ♦❢ ❝❛✉s❡✱ ♠❛t❡r✐❛❧ r✐❝❤❡s
✽✼ ✳

´ja✮
❚❤❡ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r ✭vā
❆ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r ✐s ❛ ❧❛st✐♥❣ ❤✐❣❤ ❧❡✈❡❧ ♦❢ ❡♥❡r❣② ✐♥ ♠❛❥♦r ♠✉s❝❧❡s
♠❛❦✐♥❣ t❤❡♠ r❡❛❞② ❢♦r q✉✐❝❦ ❛♥❞ str♦♥❣ ❛❝t✐♦♥❀ ✐t ✐s ✇❤❛t ❛t❤❧❡t❡s
❝❛❧❧ ✏t❤❡ s❡❝♦♥❞ ❜r❡❛t❤✑✱ ❜✉t ♦❢t❡♥ ✇✐t❤♦✉t ♣r❡❝❡❞✐♥❣ ✐t ❡①❡rt✐♦♥ ✖
✶
✐t ✐s s♦♠❡t✐♠❡s ❝♦♠♣❛r❡❞ t♦ t❤❛t ♦❢ ❝♦✉rs❡rs ❀ ❛ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r ❝❛♥

✼✽ ✽✳✶✸✳✶✷ ❝❛✉s❡ t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡ t♦ ♠❛✐♥t❛✐♥ ✐ts❡❧❢ ✐♥ ❡①t♦❧❧✐♥❣ ♦♥❡s

✶✵✳✶✹✼✳✹ ❥✉st ❤❡ s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ ❡♥❥♦②❡❞ ❛ ✇❡❧❧✲♠❛✐♥t❛✐♥❡❞ tr❡❛s✉r❡ ✇❤♦ ❡❛✲
❣❡r❧② ✜①❡❞ ❬❤✐s❪ ♠✐♥❞ ♦♥ ❤✐s❬✱ Indra✬s✱❪ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t✐♦♥
✼✾ ✸✳✺✶✳✺ ❋♦r Indra t❤❡ ❜r✐❣❤t ❞❛②s ❛♥❞ ❤❡r❜s✱ q✉✐❝❦ ✢♦✇✐♥❣ ✇❛t❡rs ❬❛♥❞❪
❞❡s✐r❡s ♣r❡s❡r✈❡ t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡✳
✽✵ ✶✳✸✸✳✹ ❚❤♦✉ ✉♥❝♦✈❡r❡❞ ❛❞❞✐t✐♦♥❛❧ ❝♦♥t❛✐♥❡rs ♦❢ ✇❛t❡rs✱ t❤♦✉ ❝❛✉s❡❞
❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞✲❜②✲❧✐❜❡r❛❧✐t② tr❡❛s✉r❡ t♦ ♣❡rs✐st ✐♥ ❛ ❦♥♦tt② ♦♥❡✳
✽✶ ✽✳✾✼✳✸ ❲❤♦✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ♥♦ ❝♦♥str❛✐♥ts✱ ✐s ✐❞❧❡✱ s❧❡❡♣②✱ ♥♦t✲s❡❡❦✐♥❣✲deva✱ ❤❡ ❜②
❤✐s ♦✇♥ ❤❛❜✐ts s❤❛❧❧ ❞❡str♦② t♦✲❜❡✲♥♦✉r✐s❤❡❞ tr❡❛s✉r❡
✽✷ ✸✳✹✺✳✹ ❇r✐♥❣ ✉s t❤❡ ❣✐❢t ♦❢ ❝♦♥❝❡♥tr❛t✐♦♥
✽✸ ✺✳✸✸✳✻ ❙✐♥❝❡ ✐♥ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Indra✱ ✐s t♦✲❜❡✲❛s❦❡❞✲❢♦r ❢r❡♥③② ❛♥❞ ♠❛♥❧② ♣♦✇❡rs✱
s✉❝❤ t❤♦✉✱ ❛ ❞❛♥❝✐♥❣ ✐♠♠♦rt❛❧✱ ✇❤♦s❡ ✇❡❛❧t❤ ✐s ❜r❡❛t❤✱ s❤❛❧❧ ❣✐✈❡ ✉s t❤❡
✢❡❡t✐♥❣ tr❡❛s✉r❡✳ ✽✳✾✾✳✽ ✇❤♦s❡ ✇❡❛❧t❤ ✐s ❜r❡❛t❤
✽✹ ✻✳✶✽✳✼ ❍❡ ✳✳✳ ❬✐s❪ ❞✇❡❧❧✐♥❣ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t❡✱ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡
♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱ ❛♥❞ ✇✐t❤ ❬t❤❛t❪ tr❡❛s✉r❡ ✖ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ✈❛❧♦r✳
✽✺ ✽✳✸✳✶✶ ❇❡ ♣♦t❡♥t ❬❡♥♦✉❣❤❪ ❢♦r ✉s✱ ❖ Indra✱ ✇❤❡♥ ■ ❝♦♠❡ t♦ t❤❡❡ t♦ ❛s❦ ❢♦r
t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡✱ ❢♦r t❤❡ ♠❛♥❧② ✈✐❣♦✉r✦
✽✻ ✹✳✷✶✳✶✵ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❬t❤②❪ r❡s♦✉r❝❡❢✉❧♥❡ss ❜❡ ❢♦r ✉s ♣♦t❡♥t✱ s♦ t❤❛t ■ ♠❛②
❤❛✈❡ ❛ s❤❛r❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡ ✖ ♦❢ t❤② ❞✐✈✐♥❡ ❛ss✐st❛♥❝❡✦
✹✳✸✶✳✶✷ ❆t ❛❧❧ t✐♠❡s ❢❛✈♦✉r ✉s✱✳✳ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡ ✐♥ ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥❝❡✱ ✉s ✖ ✇✐t❤
❛❧❧ ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❛✐❞✐♥❣✦
✽✼ ✻✳✷✽✳✷ ▼❛❦✐♥❣ ❥✉st ❤✐s tr❡❛s✉r❡ ♠♦r❡ ❛♥❞ ♠♦r❡ ✐♥❝r❡❛s❡❞✱ ❤❡ s❡ts ✉♣ deva✲
s❡❡❦✐♥❣ ❬♠❛♥❪ ✐♥ ✉♥❞✐✈✐❞❡❞ ✉♥❝✉❧t✐✈❛t❡❞ ♣✐❡❝❡ ♦❢ ❧❛♥❞✳
✽✳✻✻✳✹ ❲❤♦ ❢♦r ❛ ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡r r❡✈❡❛❧s ❛❝❝✉♠✉❧❛t❡❞✲❜②✲♠❛♥② tr❡❛s✉r❡ ✖ ❡✈❡♥
❜✉r✐❡❞ ♦♥❡
✽✳✶✵✵✳✻ t❤♦✉ ✉♥❝♦✈❡r❡❞ ❞✐st❛♥t ❛❝❝✉♠✉❧❛t❡❞✲❜②✲♠❛♥② tr❡❛s✉r❡ t♦ r❡❧❛t❡❞✲
t♦✲s❡❡r Śarabha
✽✳✾✸✳✸ ❤❡ ✳✳✳ ❧✐❦❡ ❛ ❤❛✈✐♥❣✲❛♠♣❧❡✲str❡❛♠ ❬❝♦✇❪ ②✐❡❧❞s t♦ ✉s r✐❝❤✲✐♥✲❝♦✇s
r✐❝❤✲✐♥✲❤♦rs❡s r✐❝❤✲✐♥✲❜❛r❧❡② ❬tr❡❛s✉r❡❪
✶✵✳✹✷✳✼ P✉t ✐♥t♦ ✉s r✐❝❤✲✐♥✲❝♦✇s r✐❝❤✲✐♥✲❜❛r❧❡② ❬tr❡❛s✉r❡❪
✶ ✺✳✸✵✳✶✹ ▲✐❦❡ ✢❡❡t✱ ❝❛♣❛❜❧❡ ♦❢ ❛ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r ❝♦✉rs❡r
✶✳✶✸✵✳✻ ❝❛♣❛❜❧❡ ♦❢ ❛ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r t❤♦r♦✉❣❤❜r❡❞
✶✳✺✷✳✶ ▲✐❦❡ ❛ ❝❛♣❛❜❧❡✲♦❢✲❛✲r✉s❤✲♦❢✲✈✐❣♦✉r ❝♦✉rs❡r ❬✐s ❜r♦✉❣❤t❪ t♦ r✉s❤✐♥❣✲t♦✲
❛✲❝❤❛❧❧❡♥❣❡ ❝❤❛r✐♦t
❚❤❡ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r ✭vāja✮ ✶✵✾

❛❧s♦ ❜❡ ❛ ❤✐❣❤ ❧❡✈❡❧ ♦❢ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❡♥❡r❣② ✖ ✐♥ t❤✐s ❝❛s❡ ✐t ❝❛♥ ❜❡ s❦✐❧❧✲

✷
❢✉❧ ✱ ❢❛❝✐❧✐t❛t✐♥❣ ✈✐s✐♦♥s
✸ ❛♥❞ ❜r✐❣❤t❧② r❛❞✐❛♥t✹ ✖ t❤✉s ♣r♦♠♦t✐♥❣
✺
t❤♦✉❣❤t ♣r♦❝❡ss❡s ✳

❆ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r ❝❛♥ ❜❡ ❜r♦✉❣❤t✱ ♣r♦❝✉r❡❞✱ ❜❡st♦✇❡❞✱ ❛♣♣♦r✲

t✐♦♥❡❞ ♦r ✉♥❧❡❛s❤❡❞ ❜② Indra✻ ✖ ❤❡ ✐s t❤❡ ❜❡st ❝❤❛r✐♦t❡❡r ♦❢ ✐t ❀
✼
✽
❣r❛♥t❡❞✱ ❜❡st♦✇❡❞✱ ❛ttr❛❝t❡❞✱ ❡✈♦❦❡❞✱ ♣r♦❝✉r❡❞ ❜② Soma ❀ ❣✐✈❡♥
✾ ✶✵
❜② Agni ✳ ■t ❛❧s♦ ❝❛♥ ❜❡ ♦❜t❛✐♥❡❞ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❛ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥ ✱ ❜②
♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ s♦♠❡t❤✐♥❣ t❤❛t ♣r♦✈♦❦❡s ❛♥❣❡r
✶✶ ✱ ❜② ♦✈❡r❝♦♠✐♥❣ ♦❜st❛✲
❝❧❡s
✶✷ ✱ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❛♥ ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ s♣❡❡❝❤✶✸ ✱ ♦r ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ✈✐s✉❛❧✲
✐③❛t✐♦♥s
✶✹ ❀ s♦♠❡ r✉s❤❡s ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r s❡❡♠ ❜❡ ✏❛✇❛❦❡♥❡❞✑ ❜② ♣✉❧s✐♥❣

✸✳✸✽✳✶ ❧✐❦❡ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❛ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r ✇❡❧❧✲❛tt❛❝❤❡❞ t♦ t❤❡ ♣♦❧❡ ❬♦❢ ❛ ❝❤❛r✐♦t❪
❝♦✉rs❡r ❬t❤❛t ✐s❪ ❧❡❛♣✐♥❣ ❢♦r✇❛r❞✳
✶✵✳✾✻✳✶✵ ❍❡✱ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞✲❜②✲t❛✇♥②✲♦♥❡s✱ ❝❛❧❧❡❞ ♦✉t t❤❡ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r ❧✐❦❡
❛ ❝♦✉rs❡r ❬❞♦❡s❪✳
✷ ✶✵✳✷✸✳✷ ❙❦✐❧❧❢✉❧ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱ ❜❡✐♥❣ ❛ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ Rbhu✲s✱ ❣♦✈❡r♥s t❤❡ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡
.
t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✳
✸ ✽✳✹✻✳✶✶ ❚❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ♣r♦♠♦t❡❞ ❬♦✉r❪ ✈✐s✐♦♥s ✇✐t❤ r✉s❤❡s ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✳
✹ ✶✳✺✸✳✺ ❲❡ ♠✐❣❤t ❣❡t ♣♦ss❡ss✐♦♥ ✳✳✳ ♦❢ ❞✐r❡❝t❡❞ t♦✇❛r❞s t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ❤❛✈✐♥❣
❜r✐❣❤t r❛❞✐❛♥❝❡ r✉s❤❡s ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r
✺ ✸✳✸✽✳✶ ▲✐❦❡ ❛ ❝❤❛r✐♦t✲❜✉✐❧❞❡r✱ ■ ❤❛✈❡ r❡✢❡❝t❡❞ ✉♣♦♥ ❬t❤✐s❪ ❝♦♥❝❡♣t✐♦♥✱ ❧✐❦❡
❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❛ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r ✇❡❧❧✲❛tt❛❝❤❡❞ t♦ t❤❡ ♣♦❧❡ ❬♦❢ ❛ ❝❤❛r✐♦t❪ ❝♦✉rs❡r ❬t❤❛t
✐s❪ ❧❡❛♣✐♥❣ ❢♦r✇❛r❞✳
✻ ✷✳✶✼✳✽ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❛r❡ ❜❡st♦✇✐♥❣ ✇♦r❦s✱ r✉s❤❡s ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r
✸✳✺✶✳✷ ❣r❛♥t✐♥❣✲t❤❡✲r✉s❤✲♦❢✲✈✐❣♦✉r ❜r❡❛❦❡r ♦❢ str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞s
✹✳✷✷✳✶✵ ❉♦ ❛♣♣♦rt✐♦♥ t♦ ✉s ❞✐st✐♥❣✉✐s❤❡❞ r✉s❤❡s ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r
✻✳✶✼✳✷ ❞♦ ✉♥❧❡❛s❤ ♠❛♥✐❢♦❧❞ r✉s❤❡s ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r
✼✳✶✾✳✶✶ ❛❧❧♦t t♦ ✉s✱ t♦ ❬♦✉r❪ ❛ss✐st❛♥ts r✉s❤❡s ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r
✼✳✷✼✳✹ Indra ✳✳✳ ❣✐✈✐♥❣ ❛ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r ✳✳✳
✽✳✶✸✳✸ ❯♣♦♥ ❤✐♠ ■ ❝❛❧❧ t♦ ❜❡st♦✇ ❛ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r ✖ ❬✉♣♦♥❪ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❢❡r✈♦r
❢♦r ❛ ❜❛tt❧❡ Indra✳
❡t❝✳
✼ ✶✳✶✶✳✶ t❤❡ ❜❡st ❝❤❛r✐♦t❡❡r ♦❢ ❬❛❧❧❪ ❝❤❛r✐♦t❡❡rs✱ ♦❢ r✉s❤❡s ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r
✽ ✶✳✸✵✳✶✸ ▲❡t ♦✉r ♣❧❡♥t✐❢✉❧ ❬❧✐❜❛t✐♦♥s❪✱ ❬✇❤❡♥❪ ✐♥ ❞r✐♥❦✐♥❣ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥ Indra✱
❤❛✈❡ ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥t r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱ ❬s♦ t❤❛t❪ ✇❡✱ ♥♦✉r✐s❤❡❞ ❜② t❤♦s❡ ❬❧✐❜❛t✐♦♥s✱❪
♠✐❣❤t ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t❡ ❬❤✐♠❪✦
✾✳✶✶✵✳✶✶❝✱ ✾✳✹✷✳✸❜✱ ✾✳✾✼✳✶✾❞✱ ✾✳✶✶✵✳✶❛✱ ✾✳✽✸✳✸❜✱ ✾✳✻✼✳✹❝✱ ✾✳✷✸✳✻❝✱ ❡t❝✳
✾ ✼✳✾✸✳✶ ❬ Indra✕Agni✱❪ ✇❤♦ ❛r❡ ❜❡st ❛t ❣✐✈✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❛♥ ✐♥st❛♥❝❡ ❛ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r
t♦ ♦♥❡ ✇❤♦ ❞❡s✐r❡s ❬✐t❪
✻✳✻✵✳✶✸ ❜♦t❤ ❣✐✈❡rs ♦❢ ❞r❛✉❣❤ts✱ ♦❢ tr❡❛s✉r❡s✱ ②♦✉ ❜♦t❤ ■ ❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥ t♦ ♦❜t❛✐♥
②♦✉r r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r
✶✵ ✼✳✶✾✳✻ ▼❛② ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥s s❡t ✐♥ ♠♦t✐♦♥ ❛ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r
✶✶ ✷✳✶✷✳✶✺ ❧✐❦❡ ❬s♦♠❡t❤✐♥❣❪ ♣r♦✈♦❦✐♥❣ ❛♥❣❡r ✖ s✉❝❤ t❤♦✉ ♠❛❦❡ ❛ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r
❛❝❝❡ss✐❜❧❡ ❬t♦ ✉s❪✦
✶✷ ✼✳✷✺✳✺ ❆❧✇❛②s ♠❛❦❡ ❛❧❧ ♦❜st❛❝❧❡s ❡❛s②✲t♦✲❜❡❛t✱ s♦ t❤❛t ✇❡✱ ❝❛rr②✐♥❣ ❬♦t❤❡rs❪
❛❝r♦ss ❬t❤♦s❡ ♦❜st❛❝❧❡s❪✱ ✇♦✉❧❞ ❛❝q✉✐r❡ ❛ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✦
✶✸ ✸✳✸✻✳✺ ❤✐s ❝♦✇s ❛r❡ ❣✐✈✐♥❣ ❛ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r❀
✶✹ ✻✳✸✺✳✶ ❲❤❡♥ ✇✐❧❧ t❤♦✉ ♠❛❦❡ ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥s r✐❝❤ ✇✐t❤ r✉s❤❡s ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r❄
✶✵✳✹✷✳✼ ❊✛❡❝t ❢♦r ✐♥✈♦❦❡r ✈✐s✐♦♥ ✇❤✐❝❤ ❤❛s ❛ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r ❢♦r ❛ ❥❡✇❡❧✦
✸✳✹✾✳✹ ❡✛♦rt t♦ ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❡ ❬✐s ❛♥ ❛♣♣♦rt✐♦♥❡r ♦❢❪ ❛ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r
✶✶✵ ❚❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡s
❜❧♦♦❞
✶✺ ✳

❆ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r ✐s ❝❤❛r❛❝t❡r✐③❡❞ ❛s ❜❡✐♥❣ ♠❛♥✐❢♦❧❞

✶✻ ✱ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞✲
✶✼
❢♦❧❞ ✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞ ❡✛❡❝ts
✶✽ ✳ ❆♠♦♥❣ s✉❝❤ ❡✛❡❝ts ❛r❡✿ ✈❛r✐♦✉s
✶✾
♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❛ss✐st✐♥❣ ✱ ♠❛❦✐♥❣ ❛✉❞✐t♦r② ✐♠♣r❡ss✐♦♥s ❧♦♥❣✲❧❛st✐♥❣ ✱
✷✵
s✉♣♣♦rt✐♥❣ s❦✐❧❧❢✉❧ ❛❝t✐♦♥s ❛♥❞ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡s t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡
✷✶ ✱ ❢❛❝✐❧✐t❛t✐♥❣
✈✐s✐♦♥s
✷✷ ✱ ♠❛✐♥t❛✐♥✐♥❣ ❛ ❤✐❣❤✲s♣✐r✐t❡❞ ♠✐♥❞s❡t✷✸ ✱ ✐♥❞✉❝✐♥❣ t❤r✐❧❧✷✹ ✱
✷✺
str❡♥❣t❤❡♥✐♥❣ ❛♥❞ ♠❛❣♥✐❢②✐♥❣ Indra ✱ ❛♥❞ ❤❡❧♣✐♥❣ t♦ ♦❜t❛✐♥ ✏❤❡♣✲
t❛❞❡✑
✷✻ ✭✐t ✐s ✉♥❝❧❡❛r ✇❤❛t t❤❡ ❤❡♣t❛❞❡ ✐s ❜✉t ✐t ♣r♦❜❛❜❧② ✐s ❛ s❡✈❡♥
❡✛❡❝ts✱ ♦r ❞❡❡❞s✱ ♦❢ Indra ✖ s❡❡ ✷✳✶✾✮✳ ❙♦♠❡ r✉s❤❡s ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r
❛r❡ r✐❝❤ ✐♥ ✏❝♦✇s✑
✷✼ ✱ ❣❛✐♥✐♥❣ ✏❝♦✇s✑ ✷✽ ✱ ❛♥❞ ❡♠♣❧♦②✐♥❣ ✏❤♦rs❡s✑ ✷✾ ✳
✭❲♦r❞s ✏❝♦✇s✑ ❛♥❞ ✏❤♦rs❡s✑ ✐♥ t❤✐s ❝❛s❡✱ ❛s ✐♥ ♠❛♥② ♦t❤❡r ❝♦♥t❡①ts
♦❢ ❘✐❣✈❡❞❛✱ ♠✐❣❤t r❡❢❡r t♦ s❡✈❡r❛❧ t❤✐♥❣s ✖ s❡❡ ♣❛❣❡ ✶✹✮✳
❆ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r ❝❛♥ ❡❛s✐❧② ❝❛✉s❡ ❝❤❛♦s✱ ✐♠♣✉❧s✐✈❡ ❛♥❞ ♣♦♦r❧②
str✉❝t✉r❡❞ ❛❝t✐♦♥s❀ t❤❡r❡❢♦r❡✱ Indra✲✇♦rs❤✐♣❡rs ❛s❦ Indra ❛♥❞ Agni
❢♦r ♣r♦t❡❝t✐♦♥ ❛♥❞ ❤❡❧♣ ❞✉r✐♥❣ ✐t
✸✵ ✱ ❛♥❞ Savitr✱ ✇❤♦ ❣r❛♥ts ✈✐s✐♦♥s✱
.
✶✺ ✶✳✶✷✶✳✶✹ ❉♦ t❤♦✉✱ ❛❝❝✉st♦♠❡❞ t♦ ❛ ❝❤❛r✐♦t ❬❛♠♦♥❣ ✉s❪✱ ♦✛❡r t♦ ✉s t♦✲
❜❡✲❛✇❛❦❡♥❡❞✲❜②✲♣✉❧s✐♥❣✲❜❧♦♦❞ r✉s❤❡s ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r ✖ ❢♦r ❛ ❧✐❜❛t✐♦♥✱ ❢♦r ❛♥
❛✉❞✐t♦r② ✐♠♣r❡ss✐♦♥✱ ❢♦r ❛ ✇❡❧❧✲✜tt✐♥❣ ❬❡♥❛❜❧✐♥❣ ♣♦✇❡r❪✦
✶✻ ✽✳✶✳✹ ■♥ ♦r❞❡r t♦ ❤❡❧♣✱ ♥❡①t ❜r✐♥❣ ❤❡r❡ ❤❛✈✐♥❣✲♠❛♥②✲❢♦r♠s r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✦
✻✳✶✼✳✷ ❞♦ ✉♥❧❡❛s❤ ♠❛♥✐❢♦❧❞ r✉s❤❡s ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r
✶✼ ✶✵✳✶✵✹✳✼ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞✲❢♦❧❞ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r
✶✽ ✶✳✺✳✾ ❝❛♥ ♣r♦❝✉r❡ t❤✐s ❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞ ❬❡✛❡❝ts❪ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r
✶✵✳✹✼✳✺ ❬t❤♦✉ ✇✐❧❧ ❣✐✈❡ ✉s❪ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞ ❬♠❡❛♥s ♦❢
❤❡❧♣✐♥❣❪ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r
✽✳✽✽✳✷ ❬✇❡ ❛s❦❪ ❢♦r ♥♦✉r✐s❤✐♥❣✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞ ❬♠❡❛♥s ♦❢
❤❡❧♣✐♥❣❪ r✐❝❤✲✐♥✲❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡✲❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r
✶✾ ✽✳✸✳✷ ❙♦ t❤❛t ✐t ✇♦✉❧❞ ❢✉rt❤❡r ✉s ✇✐t❤ ✈❛r✐♦✉s ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❛ss✐st✐♥❣
✷✵ ✶✵✳✷✸✳✸ Indra ✐s ❛♥ ♦✈❡rs❡❡r ♦❢ ❛ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r ♦❢ ✇❤✐❝❤ ❛✉❞✐t♦r② ✐♠♣r❡ss✐♦♥
✐s ❧♦♥❣✲❧❛st✐♥❣✳
✷✶ ✶✵✳✷✸✳✷ ❙❦✐❧❧❢✉❧ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱ ❜❡✐♥❣ ❛ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ Rbhu✲s✱ ❣♦✈❡r♥s t❤❡ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡
t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✳ .
✷✷ ✽✳✹✻✳✶✶ ❚❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ♣r♦♠♦t❡❞ ❬♦✉r❪ ✈✐s✐♦♥s ✇✐t❤ r✉s❤❡s ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✳
✷✸ ✽✳✸✳✷ ❙♦ t❤❛t ✐t ✇♦✉❧❞ ✳✳✳ ❤♦❧❞ ✉s ✐♥ ❤✐❣❤✲s♣✐r✐t❡❞ ♠✐♥❞s❡ts✦
✷✹ ✼✳✾✸✳✷ ❞♦ ♠✐① t❤r✐❧❧✲✐♥❞✉❝✐♥❣ ❡♥❞✉r✐♥❣ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✦
✷✺ ✹✳✷✷✳✸ ❚❤❡ deva✱ ✇❤♦✱ ❜❡✐♥❣ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❡❞ ❛s t❤❡ ♠♦st ❞✐✈✐♥❡✱ ♠✐❣❤t② ❜②
♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ r✉s❤❡s ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r ❛♥❞ ♦❢ ❡①❛❧t✐♥❣ ✜ts ♦❢ ❢❡r✈♦r ✳✳✳
✶✳✶✷✶✳✶✺ ❖ ♠❛❣♥✐✜❡❞ ❜② ❛ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r ♦♥❡✦
✶✵✳✼✸✳✸ ❘✉s❤❡s ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱ ✇❤✐❝❤ ❬✇❡r❡❪ ❛❧s♦ t❤❡r❡✱ ❞✐❞ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥❡❞ ❬t❤❡❡❪✳
✷✻ ✷✳✶✾✳✼ ✇❡✱ ❛t ❧❡❛st ❢❛st ❡♠♣❧♦②✐♥❣ t❤❡ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱ ❝❛♥ ❛tt❛✐♥ t❤❛t ❤❡♣✲
t❛❞❡✱ ❬✇❡✱❪ str✐✈✐♥❣ ❢♦r ✐t✱✳✳
✷✼ ✻✳✹✺✳✷✸ t❤❡ ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧ ♦♥❡ ✇♦✉❧❞ ♥♦t ❤♦❧❞ ❜❛❝❦ t❤❡ ❣✐❢t ♦❢ r✐❝❤ ✐♥ ❝♦✇s
r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r ✽✳✸✸✳✸ ❲❡ ❛s❦ ❬t❤❡❡❪ ✳✳✳ ❢♦r ❛ ✢❛♠❡✲❧✐❦❡ r✐❝❤✲✐♥✲❝♦✇s ♦♥❡ ✖
q✉✐❝❦❧②✳ ✹✳✸✷✳✼ ❙✐♥❝❡ ♦♥❧② t❤♦✉ ❛r❡ t❤❡ ♠❛st❡r✱ ❖ Indra✱ ♦❢ r✐❝❤✲✐♥✲❝♦✇s
r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r
✷✽ ✸✳✸✵✳✷✶ ▼❛② ❣❛✐♥✐♥❣ ❝♦✇s r✉s❤❡s ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r ❝♦♠❡ t♦ ✉s✦
✷✾ ✻✳✹✺✳✷✶ ❬s❛t✐s❢② ♦✉r ❧♦♥❣✐♥❣❪ ✇✐t❤ ❡♠♣❧♦②✐♥❣ ❤♦rs❡s r✉s❤❡s ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱ t❤❛t
❛r❡ r✐❝❤ ✐♥ ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ✇♦r❞s
✸✵ ✺✳✽✻✳✶ ❖ Indra ❬❛♥❞❪ Agni✱ ✇❤✐❝❤ ♠♦rt❛❧ t❤❡② ❜♦t❤ ♣r♦t❡❝t ❞✉r✐♥❣ r✉s❤❡s
❚❤❡ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r ✭vāja✮ ✶✶✶
❢♦r ❛ ❣♦♦❞ ❢♦rt✉♥❡ ✇❤❡♥ ❡♠♣❧♦②✐♥❣ ✐t ✳ ❚❤❡② s❡❡❦ ❛ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r
✸✶
t❤❛t ❝♦♠❡s ❢r♦♠ Indra ✭❜❡❝❛✉s❡ ❤❡ ❝♦♥tr♦❧s ✐t ❛♥❞ ❜❡❝❛✉s❡ ❣✐✈❡♥
✸✷ ✸✸
❜② ❤✐♠ r✉s❤❡s ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r ❛r❡ ❡♥❞✉r✐♥❣ ✮ ❛♥❞ s✉❝❤ ❛ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r
✸✹
t❤❛t ✐s s❡t✉♣ ✉♣ ✐♥ ❛ ♣❛rt✐❝✉❧❛r ✇❛② ❛♥❞ ✐s t❤❡r❡❢♦r❡ ❢❛♠❡❞ ✖ ✐t
✸✺ ✸✻
s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡ ❜❡❛r❛❜❧❡ ✱ ♥♦t✲❤♦❧❞✐♥❣ ❜❛❝❦ ✱ ✜tt✐♥❣✱ ❛♥✐♠❛t✐♥❣ ❛t ♦♥❝❡✱
✸✼ ✸✽
♣r♦♠♣t ❛♥❞ r❛❞✐❛t✐♥❣ t❤r♦✉❣❤ ❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣ ✱ s✉r♣❛ss✐♥❣ ❢♦r❝❡s t❤❛t
✸✾
❞r✐✈❡ t❤❡ ❜♦❞② ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ♠✐♥❞ ❛♣❛rt ✳ ✹✵

❆ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r ✐s t♦ ❜❡ ❡♠♣❧♦②❡❞ ✐♥ ❜❛tt❧❡s ❛♥❞ ✐♥ ❛ ❝❧♦s❡

❝♦♠❜❛t ✱ ❞✉r✐♥❣ ❝♦♥t❡sts ✱ ❛♥❞ ♦♥ ❛ ❞❡❝✐s✐✈❡ ❞❛② ✳
✹✶ ✹✷ ✹✹

■♥ ♦❜t❛✐♥✐♥❣ ❛ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱ Indra✲✇♦rs❤✐♣❡rs ♣r❡❢❡r t♦ ❝❛❧❧

♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱ t❤❛t ♦♥❡ ✐♥❞❡❡❞ s♣❧✐ts ♦♣❡♥ str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞s
✶✳✸✵✳✻ ❙t❛② ✉♣r✐❣❤t t♦ ❤❡❧♣ ✉s ❞✉r✐♥❣ t❤✐s r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r
✸✶ ✸✳✻✷✳✶✶ ❲❡✱ ❡♠♣❧♦②✐♥❣ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r t❤r♦✉❣❤ ❧✐❜❡r❛❧✐t② ♦❢ deva t❤❡ ✐♠✲
♣❡❧❧❡r✱ ❛s❦ ❢♦r t❤❡ ❣✐❢t ♦❢ ❣♦♦❞ ❢♦rt✉♥❡✳
✸✷ ✶✳✶✵✶✳✶✶ ♠❛② ✇❡ ♦❜t❛✐♥ ❛ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r t❤r♦✉❣❤ Indra
✽✳✽✶✳✽ ✇❤❛t st✐❧❧ ✐s t❤② r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r ❬t❤❛t ✐s❪ t♦ ❜❡ ❛❝q✉✐r❡❞ ❜② ✐♥✇❛r❞❧②✲
❡①❝✐t❡❞ ♦♥❡s
✸✸ ✶✳✶✶✳✶ t❤❡ ❜❡st ❝❤❛r✐♦t❡❡r ♦❢ ❬❛❧❧❪ ❝❤❛r✐♦t❡❡rs✱ ♦❢ r✉s❤❡s ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r
✸✹ ✻✳✸✼✳✺ Indra ❬✐s❪ ❛ ❣✐✈❡r ♦❢ ❛♥ ❡♥❞✉r✐♥❣ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r
✸✺ ✻✳✶✼✳✶✺ ▼❛② ✇❡ ♦❜t❛✐♥ s❡t ✉♣ ✐♥ t❤✐s ✇❛② ❜② t❤❡ deva r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r
✸✻ ✻✳✸✺✳✹ ❇❡✐♥❣ s✉❝❤✱ s❤❛r❡ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ✐♥✈♦❦❡r ♥♦✉r✐s❤♠❡♥ts ❬t❤❛t ❛r❡❪ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s
✇✐t❤ ❝♦✇s✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❜❡st ❤♦rs❡s✱ ❬t❤❛t ❛r❡❪ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❢❛♠❡❞ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✦
✸✼ ✻✳✶✼✳✶✹ P✉t ❝♦♥s✐st✐♥❣ ♦❢ ♠❡♥ ✐♥st✐t✉t♦rs ♦❢ t❤❡ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡ ✐♥t♦ ❬t❤❡ st❛t❡ ♦❢❪
❜❡❛r✐♥❣ ❛ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r
✸✽ ✼✳✷✼✳✹ Indra✱ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ❜❡❝❛✉s❡ ♦❢ ❛ ❝♦✲✐♥✈♦❝❛t✐♦♥✱ ❣✐✈✐♥❣ ❛ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱
♥❡✈❡r ❤♦❧❞s ✉s ❜❛❝❦ ❜② ❬❤✐s❪ ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❤❡❧♣✐♥❣ ✉s
✸✾ ✽✳✽✶✳✾ ❚❤② ❛♥✐♠❛t✐♥❣✲❛t✲♦♥❝❡ r✉s❤❡s ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r ❬t❤❛t❪ ❢♦r ✉s ❬❛r❡❪ r❛❞✐❛t✐♥❣
t❤r♦✉❣❤ ❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣ ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤ ♣r♦♠♣t❧② ❛♥❞ ✐♥ ❛❝❝♦r❞ ✇✐t❤ ❬♦✉r❪ ✇✐s❤❡s✳
✹✵ ✻✳✷✹✳✸ ❙tr♦♥❣ ❧✐❦❡ ❛①❧❡ ❬✐♥s❡rt❡❞❪ ✐♥t♦ t✇♦ ✇❤❡❡❧s✱ t❤r♦✉❣❤ t❤② ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥❝❡ ✐t
❬✱ t❤❡ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱❪ s✉r♣❛ss❡❞ ✐♥ ❜♦t❤ Rodas✲❡s ❬❞r✐✈✐♥❣ t❤❡♠ ✐♥ ❞✐✛❡r❡♥t
❞✐r❡❝t✐♦♥s ❢♦r❝❡s❪✳
✹✶ ✸✳✸✼✳✺ ❋♦r Vrtra t♦ ❜❡ s❧❛✐♥✱ t♦ ♦❜t❛✐♥ ❛ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r ✐♥ ❜❛tt❧❡s ■ ❛❞❞r❡ss
.

✸✳✸✵✳✶✶ ❛♥❞ ❞✉r✐♥❣ ❛ ❝❧♦s❡ ❝♦♠❜❛t ✳✳✳ ❬❤❡ ❜r✐♥❣s❪ t♦ ✉s✱ t♦ ❬❤✐s❪ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s✱
Indra

❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ✐♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ s♣❛❝❡ ✳✳✳ r✉s❤❡s ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✳

✽✳✶✸✳✸ ❯♣♦♥ ❤✐♠ ■ ❝❛❧❧ t♦ ❜❡st♦✇ ❛ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r ✖ ❬✉♣♦♥❪ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❢❡r✈♦r
❢♦r ❛ ❜❛tt❧❡ Indra✳
✹✷ ✻✳✷✻✳✷ ❍❡ ✇❤♦ ✐s ❝❛♣❛❜❧❡ ♦❢ ❛ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱ ❜❡❝♦♠✐♥❣ ♣♦ss❡ss✐♥❣ ♦❢ ❛ r✉s❤
♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱ ❝❛❧❧s ✉♣♦♥ t❤❡❡ ❞✉r✐♥❣ ♦❜t❛✐♥✐♥❣ ❣r❡❛t t♦✲❜❡✲❣❛✐♥❡❞✲❛s✲❜♦♦t②
♣r✐③❡✳
✶✳✶✸✷✳✶ ❆t t❤✐s ✜r❡ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣ ✇❡ ♠✐❣❤t ❞✐s♣❡rs❡ ✇❤❛t ✇❛s ❞♦♥❡✹✸ ❞✉r✐♥❣ t❤❡
❝♦♥t❡st ✖ ❬✇❡✱❪ ❡♠♣❧♦②✐♥❣ t❤❡ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r ❞✉r✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❝♦♥t❡st ❬♠✐❣❤t
❞✐s♣❡rs❡❪ ✇❤❛t ✇❛s ❞♦♥❡✳
✺✳✸✺✳✼ ❉♦ ❢❛✈♦✉r ♦✉r ❝❤❛r✐♦t ✳✳✳ t❤❛t ✐s ❞✐✣❝✉❧t t♦ s✉r♣❛ss✱ t❤❛t ✐s ❧❡❛❞✐♥❣
✐♥ ❜❛tt❧❡s✱ t❤❛t ♣❛rt✐❝✐♣❛t❡s ✐♥ ❡✈❡r② ❝♦♥t❡st✱ t❤❛t ✐s ♣r❛❝t✐❝✐♥❣ r✉s❤❡s ♦❢
✈✐❣♦✉r✳
✹✹ ✼✳✸✷✳✶✹ ❖♥ ❛ ❞❡❝✐s✐✈❡ ❞❛② ♦♥❧② t❤r♦✉❣❤ tr✉st ✐♥ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡✱ ❤❡✱
✇❤♦ ✐s ❝❛♣❛❜❧❡ ♦❢ r✉s❤❡s ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱ s❡❡❦s t♦ ♣r♦❝✉r❡ ❛ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✳
✶✶✷ ❚❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡s
✉♣♦♥ Indra ✖ ❛♥❞ ❛s ❛ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥ ✱ t❤❡② ♣r❡❢❡r t♦ ❜❡ ②♦❦❡❞
✹✺ ✹✻
✭♦r ❛s❝❡♥❞❡❞✮ ❜② ❤✐♠ ✱ t♦ ❞r✐♥❦ Soma ✱ t♦ ❜❡ ✐♥ t❤❡ ♣r❡s❡♥❝❡
✹✼ ✹✽
♦❢ ✉♥t✐r✐♥❣✱ s♣❛❝✐♦✉s✱ ❜❡st✲❛t✲❝♦♥✈❡②✐♥❣ Marut✲s ✱ t♦ ♣❡r❢♦r♠ ❛♥
✹✾
❡✛❡❝t✐✈❡ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❣❡st✉r❡ ✱ ❛♥❞ t♦ ❜❡❛r Indra ✳ ❆❢t❡r ❛ r✉s❤ ♦❢
✺✵ ✺✶
✈✐❣♦✉r ✐s ♣r♦❝✉r❡❞✱ ✐t ♥❡❡❞s t♦ ❜❡ ♠❛✐♥t❛✐♥❡❞ ✳ ✺✷
❉✉r✐♥❣ ❛ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r Indra ❤❡❛rs ❤✐s ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡r✬s s✉♠✲
♠♦♥s ✱ ❛♥❞ ❜❡❝♦♠❡s ❤❛✈✐♥❣✲✇❛②s✲t♦✲♣r❡✈❛✐❧ ✱ ❜❡❝♦♠❡s ❛ ❞❡❧✐✈✲
✺✸ ✺✹
❡r❡r ✳ Indra ✐s ♠✐❣❤t② ❜❡❝❛✉s❡ ♦❢ r✉s❤❡s ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r ❛♥❞ ✜ts ♦❢
✺✺
❢❡r✈♦r ✳ ✺✻

✹✺ ✽✳✼✵✳✽ ✇❤♦ ✐♥ s❤❛❧❧♦✇s✱ ✇❤♦ ✐♥ ❞❡♣t❤s ❬✐s❪ t♦ ❜❡ ❝❛❧❧❡❞ ✉♣♦♥✱ ✇❤♦ ✐s t♦ ❜❡

❝❛❧❧❡❞ ✉♣♦♥ ❞✉r✐♥❣ r✉s❤❡s ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r
✻✳✹✻✳✶ ✐t ✐s ❥✉st t❤❡❡ ✇❡✱ s✐♥❣❡rs ♦❢ ❡✉❧♦❣✐❡s✱ ❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥ ✇❤❡♥ ♦❜t❛✐♥✐♥❣ ❛
r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r
✼✳✸✷✳✶✶ ❍❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❛tt❛✐♥ ❛ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r ✖ ♣r❛❝t✐❝✐♥❣ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r ♠♦rt❛❧
✖ ✇❤♦s❡ ♣r♦♠♦t❡r t❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ ✇✐❧❧ ❜❡✦
✻✳✸✸✳✷ ♦♥❧② ❤❡❧♣❡❞✲❜②✲t❤❡❡ st❡❡❞ ❬✐s❪ ♦❜t❛✐♥✐♥❣ ❛ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r
✹✳✶✻✳✽ t❤♦✉ ♠❛❦❡ ♣❧❡♥t✐❢✉❧ t❤❡ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r ❬t❤❛t ✐s❪ ❛❝❝❡ss✐❜❧❡ ❬t♦ ✉s❪
✹✻ ✹✳✶✻✳✶✽ ✐♥ ♦❜t❛✐♥✐♥❣ t❤❡ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r t❤♦✉ ✇✐❧❧ ❜❡ ❛ ❧♦②❛❧ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥
✶✳✶✷✾✳✹ ❲❡ ✇✐s❤ ②♦✉r Indra ❬t♦ ❜❡❪ ♦✉rs ❢♦r ❛ ❢♦r❛②✱ ❬✇❡ ✇✐s❤ ❤✐♠✱❪ ❛s ❛❣✐✲
t❛t✐♥❣ ❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣✱ ❡♠♣❧♦②❡❞ ❬❛♥❞❪ ❡♥❞✉r✐♥❣ ✖ ❛s ❛ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥✱ ❡♠♣❧♦②❡❞
❬❛♥❞❪ ❡♥❞✉r✐♥❣ ❞✉r✐♥❣ r✉s❤❡s ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✳
✹✼ ✹✳✸✷✳✻ ❬✇♦✉❧❞ ✇❡ ❜❡❝♦♠❡❪ ②♦❦❡❞ ❬❜② ❤✐♠❪ ❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ t❤r✐❧❧✲✐♥❞✉❝✐♥❣
r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✦
✺✳✸✶✳✶ Indra ♠❛❦❡s ❛ s✇✐❢t ❝♦✉rs❡ ❢♦r ❛ ❝❤❛r✐♦t t❤❛t ❤❡✱ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s✱ ❛s❝❡♥❞❡❞✱
❬t❤❛t❪ ❡♠♣❧♦②s t❤❡ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✳
✹✽ ✺✳✸✸✳✼ ❞♦ ❣r❛t✐❢② t❤♦s❡ ✇❤♦ ❛t ♦❜t❛✐♥✐♥❣ t❤❡ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r ♣r❡s❡♥t t♦♥❣✉❡✬s
s✉r❢❛❝❡ ❬t❤❛t ✐s❪ ♦❢ ✇❡❧❧✲❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❬t❤②❪ ❢❛✈♦r✐t❡ ❤♦♥❡②
✹✾ ✻✳✷✶✳✶✷ ❲❤✐❝❤ ❬Marut✲s❪ ❛r❡ ✉♥t✐r✐♥❣✱ s♣❛❝✐♦✉s✱ ❜❡st✲❛t✲❝♦♥✈❡②✐♥❣✱ ✇✐t❤
t❤♦s❡✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❝♦♥✈❡② ❢♦r ✉s ❛ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✦
✺✵ ✺✳✸✸✳✶ ❬■✱❪ ✇❤♦ ❛t ♦❜t❛✐♥✐♥❣ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r ❬♣❡r❢♦r♠s❪ ❢♦r ❤✐♠ ❛♥ ❡✛❡❝t✐✈❡
♠❡♥t❛❧ ❣❡st✉r❡✱✳✳
✺✶ ✸✳✸✵✳✷✷ t❤❡ ♠♦st ♠❛♥❧② ✐♥ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ✐s ❜❡❛r✐♥❣ ❬❤✐♠❪ ❞✉r✐♥❣ ❣❛✐♥✐♥❣ ❛ r✉s❤
♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r
✺✷ ✹✳✶✼✳✾ t❤✐s ♦♥❡ ♠❛✐♥t❛✐♥s t❤❡ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r ✇❤✐❝❤ ❬Indra❪ ♣r♦❝✉r❡s
✺✸ ✶✳✶✵✳✶✵ ❤❡❛r✐♥❣ t❤❡ s✉♠♠♦♥s ❞✉r✐♥❣ r✉s❤❡s ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r
✺✹ ✸✳✸✼✳✻ ❉✉r✐♥❣ r✉s❤❡s ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r ❞♦ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❤❛✈✐♥❣✲✇❛②s✲t♦✲♣r❡✈❛✐❧✦
✺✺ ✽✳✹✻✳✾ t♦✲❜❡✲♣r❛✐s❡❞ ❞❡❧✐✈❡r❡r ♠✐❞st r✉s❤❡s ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r
✺✻ ✹✳✷✷✳✸ ❚❤❡ deva✱ ✇❤♦✱ ❜❡✐♥❣ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❡❞ ❛s t❤❡ ♠♦st ❞✐✈✐♥❡✱ ❬✐s❪ ♠✐❣❤t② ❜②
♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ r✉s❤❡s ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r ❛♥❞ ♦❢ ❡①❛❧t✐♥❣ ✜ts ♦❢ ❢❡r✈♦r
❊♥❡♠✐❡s ♦❢ Indra ✶✶✸

❊♥❡♠✐❡s ♦❢ Indra
❊♥❡♠✐❡s ♦❢Indra ❛r❡ ♠❛♥② ❡✈❡♥ ❜❡❢♦r❡ ❤❡ ✐s ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❡❞ ✭♦r ❜♦r♥✮✶
✷ ✸
✖ ❤❡ ❞♦❡s ♥♦t ❤❛✈❡ t♦ r❡❛❧❧② s❡❡❦ t❤❡♠ ♦✉t ✳ Indra s❝❛tt❡rs ✱ s✉❜✲
✹ ✺ ✻ ✼
❞✉❡s ✱ s❤❛tt❡rs ✱ ♦✈❡r♣♦✇❡rs ✱ ✇❛r❞s ♦✛ ✱ ❝r✉s❤❡s ❛♥❞ s❧❛②s ✱ ♦r
✽
✾
♦t❤❡r✇✐s❡ ❞✐s♣❡rs❡s t❤❡♠ ❛❧❧ ✳ ❚❤❡② ♠✐❣❤t ❜❡ ❣r♦✉♣❡❞ ✐♥t♦ t❤r❡❡
❞✐st✐♥❝t ❝❧❛ss❡s ✖ ❞❡♠♦♥✐❝ tr✐❜❡s✱ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ♦❜s❝✉r❛t✐♦♥s ❛♥❞ ❞❡❝❡✐t✲
❢✉❧ st❛t❡s ♦❢ ♠✐♥❞✱ ❛♥❞ ♠♦rt❛❧s ✇❤♦ ❛r❡ ❤♦st✐❧❡
✶✵ t♦ Indra ❛❞❡♣ts
❛♥❞ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s✳

Vr.trá✲s
❆ vr.trá ✐s ❛♥ ♦❜st❛❝❧❡✱ ❛♥ ♦❜str✉❝t✐♦♥ ♦❢ s♦rts✳ ❚❤❡r❡ ❛r❡ ♠❛♥②
✶
♦❢ t❤❡♠✳ ❲❤❡♥ ❛♥ ✐♥♥❡r ♦❜st❛❝❧❡ ❝❛♥ ❛❝t✐✈❡❧② r❡s✐st ♦r ❛tt❛❝❦✱
✐t ✐s ♣r❡s❡♥t❡❞ ❛s ❛ ❞❡♠♦♥
✷ vr.trá✳ ❙❡✈❡r❛❧ ♣❛rt✐❝✉❧❛r vr.trá✲s ❛r❡
♠❡♥t✐♦♥❡❞ ✖ ✏t❤❡ s♥❛❦❡✑✱ Śús.n.a✱ Śámbara✱ ❛♥❞✱ ♣r♦❜❛❜❧②✱ ♦t❤❡rs✳
❚❤❡ ♠♦st ✐♠♣♦rt❛♥t ♦❜str✉❝t✐♦♥ ❢♦r Indra t♦ ❞❡❢❡❛t ✐s ❝❛❧❧❡❞ t❤❡
Vr.trá✳
❚❤❡ Vr.trá ✸
✐s ❛ ✏❞❡s❝❡♥❞❛♥t ♦❢ t❤❡ s♣✐❞❡r✑ ✱ ❛♥❞ ❤✐s ♠♦t❤❡r ✐s

✶✶✵✳✶✶✸✳✹ ❏✉st ❜♦r♥✱ ❤❡ s❝❛r❡❞ ❛✇❛② ❛❞✈❡rs❛r✐❡s

✶✵✳✶✷✵✳✶ ❍❛✈✐♥❣ ❜❡❡♥ ❜♦r♥✱ ✐♥ t❤❡ ✈❡r② ♠♦♠❡♥t✱ ❤❡✱ ✇❤♦♠ ❛❧❧ ❤❡❧♣❡rs ❝❤❡❡r
♦♥✱ s❝❛tt❡rs ❡♥❡♠✐❡s✳
✷ ✶✳✸✷✳✹ ❋r♦♠ t❤❛t t✐♠❡ t❤♦✉ ❞♦ ♥♦t r❡❛❧❧② s❡❡❦ t♦ ✜♥❞ ❛♥ ❡♥❡♠②✳
✸ ✶✳✻✶✳✶✸ ✇❤❡♥ ❝❛st✐♥❣ ✇❡❛♣♦♥s ❢♦r ❛ ✜❣❤t✱ ❤❡✱ r❛❣✐♥❣✱ s❝❛tt❡rs ❡♥❡♠✐❡s✳
✽✳✾✻✳✾ ❯♥❛r♠❡❞ ❬❛r❡❪ asura✲s ✇❤♦ ❛r❡ ✇✐t❤♦✉t deva✲s ✖ s❝❛tt❡r t❤❡♠ ✉s✐♥❣
t❤❡ ✇❤❡❡❧
✹ ✷✳✶✶✳✹ ✉s✐♥❣ t❤❡ s✉♥✱ t❤♦✉ ❝❛♥ s✉❜❞✉❡ ❢♦r ✉s ❞❡♠♦♥✐❝ tr✐❜❡s
✺ ✸✳✸✹✳✻ ✉s✐♥❣ ❞❡❝❡✐t ❤❡ ❤❛s s❤❛tt❡r❡❞ t❤❡ ❞❡❝❡✐t❢✉❧ ❬st❛t❡s ♦❢ ♠✐♥❞❪
✻ ✽✳✾✾✳✻ ❆❧❧ t❤② ❛❞✈❡rs❛r✐❡s ✉♥t✐❡ t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s t♦ ❜❡ ❛♥❣r② ✇❤❡♥ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱
♦✈❡r♣♦✇❡r Vr.tra✳
✼ ✶✵✳✼✸✳✼ ❚❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ✇❛r❞❡❞ ♦✛ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ ❛ ✜❣❤t✐♥❣ s♣✐r✐t Namuci✱ ❬t❤✉s❪ ♠❛❦✲
✐♥❣ ❢♦r t❤❡ s❡❡r ❬t❤❛t❪ s❛✈❛❣❡ t♦ ❜❡ ❞❡✈♦✐❞ ♦❢ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡rs t♦ ❢r❛♠❡ ❝♦❣♥✐t✐♦♥✳
✽ ✻✳✹✹✳✶✼
✾ ✶✳✶✷✾✳✹ ♥♦ ❡♥❡♠② ✇❤♦♠ t❤♦✉ ❞✐s♣❡rs❡ ❞✐s♣❡rs❡s t❤❡❡✱ ✇❤♦♠ t❤♦✉ ❞✐s♣❡rs❡
✳✳✳ ❬❛♥❞ t❤❛t ✐s❪ ❡✈❡r② ❡♥❡♠②
✶✵ ✻✳✹✹✳✶✼ ❇❡❝♦♠✐♥❣ ✐♥✢❛♠❡❞ ❜② ✐t✱ ❬❜② Soma❪✱ s❧❛② ❡♥❡♠✐❡s ✖ ❤♦st✐❧❡s ❬❜❡
t❤❡②❪ ❦✐♥ ❬♦r❪ ♥♦t✲❦✐♥
✻✳✹✹✳✶✼ ❚❤♦s❡ ✇❤♦ ❥♦✐♥❡❞ ❛r♠②✱ t❤♦s❡ ❛❜♦✉t t♦ ❛✐♠ ❛t ❬✉s❪✱ t❤♦s❡ r❡tr❡❛t✐♥❣✱
❖ Indra✱ ❝r✉s❤ ❛♥❞ s❧❛②✦
✶ ✶✳✽✹✳✶✸ ❯♥r❡♣✉❧s❛❜❧❡ Indra ✉s✐♥❣ Dadhyañc✬❡s ❜♦♥❡s ❛✈❡rt❡❞ ♥✐♥❡t② ♥✐♥❡
♦❜st❛❝❧❡s✳
✻✳✶✽✳✶✵ ✇❤♦ ✇✐t❤ ❞❡❡♣✱ ❤❡❧♣✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❞✐r❡ str❛✐❣❤ts ❬t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t❪ ❤❛s s❤❛tt❡r❡❞
♦❜str✉❝t✐♦♥s✱ ✇r❛♣♣❡❞ ❬t❤❡♠❪ ✉♣ ❛♥❞ s❤❛❧❧ ❝❛✉s❡ ♦♥❡ t♦ ❛❜❛♥❞♦♥ ❬t❤❡♠❪✳
✻✳✷✾✳✻ ❙✐♥❝❡ ♦♥❧② ❬❤❡ ✇❛s❪ ❜♦r♥ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ✉♥♣❛r❛❧❧❡❧❡❞ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱ ❤❡ ❛ss❛✐❧s ♠❛♥②
♦❜st❛❝❧❡s ❛♥❞ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡s t♦ s✉✛❡r ✇❛♥t✳
✷ dāsa
✸ ✽✳✸✷✳✷✻ ❍❡ ✳✳✳ ❞✐❞ s❧❛② Vrtra ✖ s✇❡❧❧❡❞ ❧✐❦❡ ❛ s♥❛❦❡ ❞❡s❝❡♥❞❛♥t ♦❢ t❤❡
.
✶✶✹ ❊♥❡♠✐❡s ♦❢ Indra

Dānu✹ ✭♣r♦❜❛❜❧②✱ ♣❡r♠✐ss✐✈❡♥❡ss✱ ❛✈♦✐❞❛♥❝❡ ♦❢ ❛ ❝❤❛❧❧❡♥❣❡✮✳ ❍❡ ✐s

s✐t✉❛t❡❞ ✐♥ ❛ ❤✐❞✐♥❣ ♣❧❛❝❡ ❛♥❞ ✐s ❝♦♥❝❡❛❧❡❞ ✐♥ ✇❛t❡rs ❀ ❤❡ ✐s ✏✐♥
✺
✻
t❤❡ ✈❡✐♥s✑ ✳ Vr.trá ✐s ❝♦♥❝❡❛❧❡❞ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❛ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ♦❜s❝✉r❛t✐♦♥
✼
♦r ♦♥❡✬s ♦✇♥ ✐❣♥♦r❛♥❝❡ ✳ ✭❲❤❡♥ ♦♥❡✬s ❜♦❞② ✐s ✉♥❞❡r t❤❡ ✐♥✢✉❡♥❝❡
♦❢ Vr.trá t❤✐s ♠❡♥t❛❧ ♦❜s❝✉r❛t✐♦♥ ❝❛♥ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st ✐ts❡❧❢ ✐♥ ❛ str❡ss❢✉❧
s✐t✉❛t✐♦♥ ❛s tr❡♠❜❧✐♥❣ ✳✮
✽ Vr.trá ♠✐❣❤t ❜❡ ✐♥ ♣♦ss❡ss✐♦♥ ♦❢ t❤r❡❡
✾
r❡❣✐♦♥s ✭✇❤✐❝❤ ♠✐❣❤t ♠❡❛♥ t❤r❡❡ ♠❛❥♦r ❝❛❦r❛s ✐♥ t❤❡ ❧♦✇❡r ♣❛rt
♦❢ t❤❡ ❜♦❞②✮✳ ▲✐❦❡ Indra✱ Vr.trá ♣♦ss❡ss❡s t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ✐♥❝r❡❛s❡
✶✵ ✱ ♦r s✇❡❧❧✶✶ ✱ s♦ ❤❡ ❝❛♥ ❜❡ ♣r❡s❡♥t ✐♥ t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤ ❛♥❞ ✐♥ t❤❡
✐♥ s✐③❡
✶✷
❍❡❛✈❡♥ ✳

Vr.trá ✐s ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❡❞ ❛s ❛ str♦♥❣ ❛♥❞ ❛❝t✐✈❡ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❛♥❞✴♦r ♣s②✲

❝❤♦s♦♠❛t✐❝ ♦❜st❛❝❧❡✱ ❛s ❛ ❞❡♣r❡ss✐♥❣ ❛♥①✐❡t②✳ ❍❡ ✐s ✐♥str✉♠❡♥t❛❧ ✐♥
❤✐♥❞❡r✐♥❣✱ ❝♦✈❡r✐♥❣✱ ♦r ❤✐❞✐♥❣❀ ✐♥ ♣❛rt✐❝✉❧❛r✱ Vr.trá ❤✐♥❞❡rs ♦r ❤♦❧❞s

s♣✐❞❡r
✷✳✶✶✳✶✽ ❊✛❡❝t t❤❛t ✐♠♣✉❧s❡ t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱ ❖ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱ ✇✐t❤ ✇❤✐❝❤ t❤♦✉
♣✐❡r❝❡❞ Vr.tra ✖ t❤❡ ♣❡r♠✐ss✐✈❡ ❞❡s❝❡♥❞❛♥t ♦❢ t❤❡ s♣✐❞❡r
✹ ✶✳✸✷✳✾ ❙❤❡✱ ✇❤♦s❡ s♦♥ ✐s Vr.tra✱ ❜❡❝❛♠❡ ❧♦✇ ♦♥ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❛♥❞ ❜♦❞✐❧② ✈✐❣♦✉r✱
Indra ❜r♦✉❣❤t ❞♦✇♥ ❤❡r ❞❡str✉❝t✐✈❡ ✇❡❛♣♦♥✳
❚❤❡ ♠♦t❤❡r ❬✐s❪ s✉♣❡r✐♦r✱ t❤❡ s♦♥ ✇❛s ✐♥❢❡r✐♦r✳
Dānu r❡♣♦s❡s ❧✐❦❡ ❛ ♠✐❧❝❤✲❝♦✇ t❤❛t ✐s ✇✐t❤ ❛ ❝❛❧❢✳
✺ ✶✳✸✷✳✶✵ ❚❤❡ ✇❛t❡rs r♦❛♠ t❤❡ ❤✐❞❞❡♥ ❜♦❞② ♦❢ Vr.tra t❤❛t ✇❛s ❞❡♣♦s✐t❡❞
✐♥ t❤❡ ♠✐❞st ♦❢ ❛✛♦r❞✐♥❣✲♥♦✲♣❧❛❝❡✲♦❢✲r❡st
❧❛❝❦✐♥❣✲❛♥②t❤✐♥❣✲st✐❧❧ r❛❝❡tr❛❝❦s
✶✵✳✶✹✽✳✷ t❤♦✉ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ s✉♥ ✇♦✉❧❞ ♣r❡✈❛✐❧ ♦✈❡r ❞❡♠♦♥✐❝ tr✐❜❡s ❬❛♥❞
♦✈❡r❪ s✐t✉❛t❡❞ ✐♥ ❛ ❤✐❞✐♥❣ ♣❧❛❝❡ ❦❡♣t✲s❡❝r❡t ❝♦♥❝❡❛❧❡❞✲✐♥✲✇❛t❡rs ♦♥❡
✻ ✶✳✶✷✶✳✶✶ t❤♦✉✱ ✉s✐♥❣ t❤❡ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✱ s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ s✇✐❢t❧② ♣✉t t♦ s❧❡❡♣
❧❛②✐♥❣ ✐♥ ✈❡✐♥s ❡♥❝❛♣s✉❧❛t✐♥❣ ❛♥①✐❡t② Vr.tra
✶✳✸✷✳✶✵ t❤❡ ❤✐❞❞❡♥ ❜♦❞② ♦❢ Vr.tra t❤❛t ✇❛s ❞❡♣♦s✐t❡❞ ✐♥ t❤❡ ♠✐❞st ♦❢
❛✛♦r❞✐♥❣✲♥♦✲♣❧❛❝❡✲♦❢✲r❡st ❧❛❝❦✐♥❣✲❛♥②t❤✐♥❣✲st✐❧❧ ✏r❛❝❡tr❛❝❦s✑
✼ ✶✵✳✶✶✸✳✻ ❤❡✱ ❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s✱ ✈✐❣♦r♦✉s❧② ❤❡✇ ✐♥t♦ ♣✐❡❝❡s ❦❡❡♣✐♥❣ ✇❛t❡rs✱ ❝♦♥❝❡❛❧❡❞
❜② ✐❣♥♦r❛♥❝❡ Vr.tra
✽ ✶✳✺✹✳✶✵ ❬❚❤❛t❪ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ♦❜s❝✉r❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ✇❛t❡rs✱ ❬✇❤✐❝❤ ✐s❪ ❛ s✉♣♣♦rt ❢♦r tr❡♠✲
❜❧✐♥❣✱ r❡♠❛✐♥❡❞✱ t❤❡ ❦♥♦tt② ♦♥❡ ❬✇❛s❪ ♠✐❞st ♦❢ Vr.tra✬s ❜❡❧❧✐❡s
✾ ✶✳✶✷✶✳✹ ❲❤❡♥ ❛t ❬t❤❡✐r❪ ✢♦✇✐♥❣ ❢♦rt❤ ❤❡✱ ✇❤♦ ❤❛s t❤r❡❡ r❡❣✐♦♥s✱ r❡tr❡❛ts✱
t❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ ✉♥❝♦✈❡r t❤❡ ❞♦♦rs ♦❢ t❤❡ ❢♦❡ ♦❢ ❛♥ ❬✐♥t❡❧❧✐❣❡♥t❪ ❤✉♠❛♥✳
✶✵ ✶✳✸✷✳✽ ❚❤❡ s♥❛❦❡ ❤❛s ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❧②✐♥❣ ❛t t❤❡ ❢❡❡t ♦❢ t❤♦s❡ ✈❡r② ❬✇❛t❡rs❪ ✇❤✐❝❤
Vr.tra s✉rr♦✉♥❞❡❞ ❜② ❤✐s ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ✐♥❝r❡❛s❡ ✐♥ s✐③❡✳
✶✶ ✽✳✸✷✳✷✻ ❍❡ ✳✳✳ ❞✐❞ s❧❛② Vr.tra✱ s✇❡❧❧❡❞ ❧✐❦❡ ❛ s♥❛❦❡ ❞❡s❝❡♥❞❛♥t ♦❢ t❤❡ s♣✐❞❡r
✶✳✺✷✳✻ ❍✐♥❞❡r✐♥❣ ✇❛t❡rs✱ ❤❡ r❡st❡❞ ❛t t❤❡ ❜♦tt♦♠ ♦❢ t❤❡ r❡❣✐♦♥✱ ✇❤❡♥ t❤♦✉
❤❛✈❡ ❤✉rr✐❡❞❧② ❤✉r❧❡❞ ✏t❤✉♥❞❡r✑ ✐♥t♦ t❤❡ ❥❛✇s ♦❢ ❤❛r❞✲t♦✲❣r❛s♣✲❜❡❝❛✉s❡✲♦❢✲
s✇❡❧❧✐♥❣ Vr.tra✳
✶✷ ✶✳✽✵✳✹ ❖✉t ♦❢ t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤✱ ❬❛♥❞❪ ❛❢t❡r✱ ♦✉t ♦❢ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❤❛✈❡
str✉❝❦ Vr.tra
Vr.tra✲s ✶✶✺

❜❛❝❦ ✐♥♥❡r ✇❛t❡rs

✶✸ ❛♥❞ t❤❡ s♣❡❡❝❤✶✹ ✭s❡❡♥ ❛s ❛ ✢♦✇ ♦❢ ♠✐❣❤t②
Sárasvatı̄ ✮ ❛s ✐❢ ✇✐t❤ ❛ st♦♥❡ ✇❛❧❧✶✺ t♦ s✉❝❤ ❞❡❣r❡❡ t❤❛t Indra ✜❣❤ts
Vrtra ❢r♦♠ ✏❡①t❡♥s✐✈❡ ❞r② s❛♥❞❜❛♥❦s✑ ✶✻ ✳
.
Vr.trá✱ t❤♦✉❣❤ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ♥♦ ❤❛♥❞s✱ ♥♦ ❢❡❡t✶✼ ❛♥❞ ♥♦ s❤♦✉❧❞❡r❜❧❛❞❡s ✶✽ ✱
❤❛s ❤❡❛❞
✶✾ ✱ ❢❛❝❡✷✵ ✱ ❛♥❞ ❥❛✇s ✷✶ ✳ ❍❡ ❤❛s ❛s ♠✉❝❤ ❡✣❝❛❝② ❛♥❞ ✈✐❣♦✉r
❛s Indra
✷✷ ❀ ❤❡ ❤❛s t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❢r❛♠❡ ✐❞❡❛s ❛♥❞ ♣❡r❝❡♣t✐♦♥✷✸ ✱ t❤❡
✷✹ ✷✺
♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝♦♥tr♦❧ ❀ t❤♦✉❣❤ ❜❡✐♥❣ ❝❛❧❧❡❞ ❛ ❣❡❧❞✐♥❣ ✱ Vrtrá ❝❛♥ ✜❣❤t .
Indra ❢♦r ❞❛②s
✷✻ ✳ ■♥ ✜❣❤t✐♥❣ Indra ❤❡ ❞❡♣❧♦②s ❢♦❣
✷✼ ✱ q✉✐✈❡r✐♥❣ ❛♥❞
t❤✉♥❞❡r✐♥❣
✷✽ ✳
Indra✱ ❜❡✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❜❡st s❧❛②❡r ♦❢ Vr.trá ✷✾ ✱ ❝♦♠❡s ✐♥t♦ ❝♦♥t❛❝t ✇✐t❤
✶✸ ✶✳✺✷✳✻ ❍✐♥❞❡r✐♥❣ ✇❛t❡rs✱ ❤❡ r❡st❡❞ ❛t t❤❡ ❜♦tt♦♠ ♦❢ t❤❡ r❡❣✐♦♥ ✳✳✳
✶✵✳✶✶✸✳✻ ❤❡✱ ❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s✱ ✈✐❣♦r♦✉s❧② ❤❡✇ ✐♥t♦ ♣✐❡❝❡s ❦❡❡♣✐♥❣ ✇❛t❡rs✱ ❝♦♥❝❡❛❧❡❞
❜② ✐❣♥♦r❛♥❝❡ Vr.tra
✼✳✾✹✳✶✷ str✐❦❡ ✇✐t❤ ❛ str✐❦❡ t❤❛t ❦❡❡♣s str✐❦✐♥❣ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ❤♦❧❞s ❬❜❛❝❦❪ t❤❡
✇❛t❡rs✦
✶✹ ✷✳✶✶✳✾ Indra ❧❛s❤❡❞ ❛t ❝♦♥str✐❝t✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♠✐❣❤t② str❡❛♠ ♣♦ss❡ss✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r
t♦ ❝♦♥✜❣✉r❡ ❬♦♥❡✬s ❝♦❣♥✐t✐♦♥❪ Vr.tra
✶✺ ✶✳✺✻✳✻ ✐♥ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❬Soma❪ t❤♦✉ s❡t ❢r❡❡ t❤❡ ✇❛t❡rs✱ t❤♦✉
❝♦♠♣❧❡t❡❧② ❜r♦❦❡ ✐♥t♦ ♣✐❡❝❡s st♦♥❡ r❛♠♣❛rts ♦❢ Vr.tra✳
✸✳✸✸✳✻ Indra✱ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲✐♥✲❛r♠s✱ ❧❡❛❞ ✉s ❬✐♥t♦ ❛ ❝❤❛♥♥❡❧❪✱ ❤❡ ✇❛r❞❡❞ ♦✛
Vr.tra ✖ ❛ ✇❛❧❧ ❢♦r ✢♦✇✐♥❣ ✇❛t❡rs✳
✶✻ ✽✳✸✳✶✾ ❖ Indra✱ t❤♦✉ ❞✐❞ ❧❛s❤ ❛t Vrtra ♦✉t ♦❢ ❡①t❡♥s✐✈❡ ❞r② s❛♥❞❜❛♥❦s
.
✶✼ ✶✳✸✷✳✼ ▲❛❝❦✐♥❣ ❢❡❡t✱ ❧❛❝❦✐♥❣ ❤❛♥❞s✱ ❤❡ ❜❛tt❧❡❞ Indra✱✳✳
✶✽ ✶✳✸✷✳✺ Indra s❧❛②❡❞ ❛ ♠♦r❡✲♦❜str✉❝t✐♥❣ ❤❛✈✐♥❣✲♥♦✲s❤♦✉❧❞❡r❜❧❛❞❡s Vrtra
.
✇✐t❤ ❛ ♠✐❣❤t② ❞❡❛❞❧② ✇❡❛♣♦♥✱ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✳
✶✾ ✶✳✽✵✳✺ ✉s✐♥❣ t❤❡ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✱ t❤r♦✇s ❞♦✇♥ t❤❡ ❤❡❛❞ ♦❢ r❛❣✐♥❣ Vr.tra ❬t❤✉s❪
❝❛✉s✐♥❣ ✇❛t❡rs t♦ ♠♦✈❡ q✉✐❝❦❧② t♦ ✇❛s❤ ♦✉t ❬✐♠♣✉r✐t✐❡s❪✳
✽✳✼✻✳✷ ❚❤✐s Indra✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ Marut✲s ❛s ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s✱ ❞✐❞ s♣❧✐t ❛s✉♥❞❡r ✇✐t❤
❤✉♥❞r❡❞✲❦♥♦tt❡❞ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t t❤❡ ❤❡❛❞ ♦❢ Vr.tra✳
✶✳✺✷✳✶✵ ✇❤❡♥ t❤②✱ ❖ Indra✱ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t ✳✳✳ r❡♥❞ ❛s✉♥❞❡r t❤❡ ❤❡❛❞ ♦❢ r❡✲
♣❡❛t❡❞❧② r❡♣r❡ss✐♥❣ t✇♦ Rodas✲❡s Vr
. tra
✷✵ ✶✳✺✷✳✶✺ ✇❤❡♥ ✇✐t❤ s♣✐❦❡❞ ❞❡❛❞❧② ✇❡❛♣♦♥ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❤❛✈❡ str✉❝❦ ✇✐t❤✐♥✱
t♦✇❛r❞s t❤❡ ❢❛❝❡ ♦❢ Vr.tra
✷✶ ✶✵✳✶✺✷✳✸ ❚❡❛r ❛s✉♥❞❡r ❥❛✇s ♦❢ Vr.tra
✶✳✺✷✳✻ ❍✐♥❞❡r✐♥❣ ✇❛t❡rs✱ ❤❡ r❡st❡❞ ❛t t❤❡ ❜♦tt♦♠ ♦❢ t❤❡ r❡❣✐♦♥✱ ✇❤❡♥ t❤♦✉
❤❛✈❡ ❤✉rr✐❡❞❧② ❤✉r❧❡❞ ✏t❤✉♥❞❡r✑ ✐♥t♦ t❤❡ ❥❛✇s ♦❢ ❤❛r❞✲t♦✲❣r❛s♣✲❜❡❝❛✉s❡✲♦❢✲
s✇❡❧❧✐♥❣ Vr.tra✳
✷✷ ✶✳✸✸✳✶✷ ❲✐t❤ t❤❡ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t t❤♦✉ ✈❛♥q✉✐s❤❡❞ ❛tt❛❝❦✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡❡❪ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❛s
♠✉❝❤ ❡✣❝❛❝②✱ ❛s ♠✉❝❤ ✈✐❣♦✉r ❡♥❡♠②✳
✷✸ ✶✵✳✶✹✼✳✷ ❚❤♦✉✱ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ♣♦✇❡rs t♦ ❢r❛♠❡ ❬❝♦❣♥✐t✐♦♥❪✱ ✇✐t❤ ♠✐♥❞ ❡♠✲
♣❧♦②✐♥❣ ❛✉❞✐t♦r② ✐♠♣r❡ss✐♦♥✱ s❤❛❧❧ ♠❛❦❡ ❛❣✐t❛t❡❞ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❢r❛♠❡
❬✐❞❡❛s ❛♥❞ ♣❡r❝❡♣t✐♦♥❪ Vr.tra✳
✷✹ ✶✳✽✵✳✶✵ Indra ❦♥♦❝❦❡❞ ♦✉t Vrtra✬s ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝♦♥tr♦❧
.
✷✺ ✶✳✸✷✳✼ ❆ ❣❡❧❞✐♥❣ ✇✐s❤✐♥❣ t♦ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ✇❡❧❧✲♠❛t❝❤❡❞ ♦♣♣♦♥❡♥t ♦❢ ❛ ❜✉❧❧✱ Vr.tra
r❡♣♦s❡❞ s❝❛tt❡r❡❞ ✐♥ ♠❛♥② ♣❧❛❝❡s✳
✷✻ ✶✳✸✸✳✶✶ ❲✐t❤ t❤❡ ♠✐♥❞ ❞✐r❡❝t❡❞ t♦ ♦♥❡ ❣♦❛❧✱ ♦✈❡r ❬s❡✈❡r❛❧❪ ❞❛②s Indra s❧❛②❡❞
❤✐♠ ✉s✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♠♦st ✈✐❣♦r♦✉s str✐❦❡ t❤❛t ❦❡❡♣s str✐❦✐♥❣✳
✷✼ ✷✳✸✵✳✸ ❤❡✱ ✇❡❛r✐♥❣ ❢♦❣✱ r✉s❤❡❞ ❛t ❤✐♠✳
✷✽ ✶✳✽✵✳✶✷ ◆♦r ❜② q✉✐✈❡r✐♥❣✱ ♥♦t ❜② t❤✉♥❞❡r✐♥❣ Vrtra ♠❛❞❡ Indra t♦ ❜❡ ❛❢r❛✐❞✳
.
✷✾ ✺✳✸✺✳✻ ❖ t❤❡ ❜❡st s❧❛②❡r ♦❢ Vrtra
.
✶✶✻ ❊♥❡♠✐❡s ♦❢ Indra

Vr.trá ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❛ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t ✱ ❛♥❞ ✉s❡s ❛ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t ❛s t❤❡

✸✵
♣r✐♠❛r② ✇❡❛♣♦♥ t♦ ❞❡❢❡❛t ❤✐♠ ❜② str✐❦✐♥❣ ❤✐♠ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❤❡❛❞ ✳
✸✶ ✸✷
❙♦♠❡t✐♠❡s ❛ ✢❛s❤ ♦❢ ❧✐❣❤t♥✐♥❣ ✭❂ ❛♥ ✐♥s✐❣❤t ✐♥t♦ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ♦❜s❝✉r❛✲
t✐♦♥s ❝♦♥❝❡❛❧✐♥❣ Vr.trá✮ ✐s ✉s❡❞ ❛❧♦♥❣ ✇✐t❤ ❛ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t ✳ ✸✸

❖t❤❡r ✐♠♣♦rt❛♥t ✇❡❛♣♦♥s ❛❣❛✐♥st Vr.trá ❛r❡ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡s t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡ ✸✹

❛♥❞ Soma✳ Soma ♥♦t ♦♥❧② ✜❣❤ts ❛♥❞ s❧❛②s Vrtrá ❛♥❞ vrtrá✲s ✱ ❜✉t ✸✺
❤❡❧♣s Indra ✐♥ ❤✐s ✜❣❤t ✳ ❖t❤❡r ✇❡❛♣♦♥s ♦❢ .Indra ✐♥ ❛ .✜❣❤t ❛❣❛✐♥st
✸✻
Vr.trá ❛r❡ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❢r❛♠❡ ❝♦❣♥✐t✐♦♥ ✱ ♣r♦❧♦♥❣✐♥❣ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❣❡s✲
✸✼
t✉r❡ ✱ t❤❡ ✇r❛t❤ ❛♥❞ ❜❡❝♦♠✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❝♦♥tr♦❧ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r
✸✽
♦✈❡r ❛✛❡❝t✐♦♥s ✖ ❛♥❞ ❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣ ✐s ②✐❡❧❞❡❞ t♦ Indra ❜② deva✲s
✸✾
❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ t❤✐s ♣♦✇❡r ✳ ✹✵

✸✵ ✶✳✸✸✳✶✸ ❇② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ t❤❡ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t Indra ❝❛♠❡ ✐♥t♦ ❝♦♥t❛❝t ✇✐t❤ Vr.tra
✸✶ ✹✳✶✼✳✸ ❬❤❡❪ s❤❛❧❧ ❞❡❢❡❛t Vr.tra ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t
✶✳✸✷✳✺ Indra s❧❛②❡❞ ❛ ♠♦r❡✲♦❜str✉❝t✐♥❣ ❤❛✈✐♥❣✲♥♦✲s❤♦✉❧❞❡r❜❧❛❞❡s Vr.tra
✇✐t❤ ❛ ♠✐❣❤t② ❞❡❛❞❧② ✇❡❛♣♦♥✱ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✳
✶✳✸✷✳✼ ▲❛❝❦✐♥❣ ❢❡❡t✱ ❧❛❝❦✐♥❣ ❤❛♥❞s✱ ❤❡ ❜❛tt❧❡❞ Indra✱ ❤❡ ❤❛s ❤✐t ❤✐s t❤✉♥✲
❞❡r❜♦❧t ♦✈❡r t❤❡ t♦♣✳
✶✳✽✵✳✺ ✉s✐♥❣ t❤❡ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✱ t❤r♦✇s ❞♦✇♥ t❤❡ ❤❡❛❞ ♦❢ r❛❣✐♥❣ Vr.tra
✶✳✶✷✶✳✶✶ t❤♦✉✱ ✉s✐♥❣ t❤❡ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✱ s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ s✇✐❢t❧② ♣✉t t♦ s❧❡❡♣ ❧❛②✲
✐♥❣ ✐♥ ✈❡✐♥s ❡♥❝❛♣s✉❧❛t✐♥❣ ❛♥①✐❡t② Vr.tra
✶✵✳✷✽✳✼ ❜❡❝♦♠✐♥❣ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t❡❞✱ ■ ❤❛✈❡ ❞❡str♦②❡❞ Vr.tra ✇✐t❤ ❛ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t
✸✷ ✽✳✼✻✳✷ ❚❤✐s Indra✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ Marut✲s ❛s ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s✱ ❞✐❞ s♣❧✐t ❛s✉♥❞❡r ✇✐t❤
❤✉♥❞r❡❞✲❦♥♦tt❡❞ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t t❤❡ ❤❡❛❞ ♦❢ Vr.tra
✸✸ ✶✳✽✵✳✶✸ ❲❤❡♥ t❤♦✉ ♠❛❞❡ ❛ ✢❛s❤ ♦❢ ❧✐❣❤t♥✐♥❣ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t
t♦ ✜❣❤t Vr.tra ✳✳✳
✸✹ ✷✳✶✶✳✶✽ ❊✛❡❝t t❤❛t ✐♠♣✉❧s❡ t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱ ❖ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱ ✇✐t❤ ✇❤✐❝❤ t❤♦✉
♣✐❡r❝❡❞ Vr.tra
✶✳✻✶✳✶✵ ❲✐t❤ t❤❡ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡ t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡ ♦❢ ❥✉st t❤✐s ♦♥❡✱ Indra s❤❛❧❧ ❤❡✇ ✇✐t❤
t❤❡ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t ❤✐ss✐♥❣ Vr.tra ✐♥t♦ ♣✐❡❝❡s✳
✹✳✶✼✳✶ t❤♦✉✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ s❧❛②❡❞ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡ t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡ Vr.tra
✻✳✶✼✳✶ ✳✳✳ t❤♦✉ ✇♦✉❧❞ ✉tt❡r❧② ❞❡str♦② ✇✐t❤ ♣♦✇❡rs t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡ Vr.tra ❬❛♥❞❪ ❛❧❧
✉♥❢r✐❡♥❞❧② ❬❢♦r♠s❪
✼✳✷✶✳✻ ❙✐♥❝❡ t❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ s❧❛②❡❞ Vr.tra ✇✐t❤ t❤② ♦✇♥ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡ ✳✳✳
✸✺ ✾✳✻✶✳✷✵ str✐❦✐♥❣ ❛♥ ✉♥❢r✐❡♥❞❧② Vrtra
✾✳✶✵✾✳✶✹ ❍❡ ❜r✐♥❣s ✉♣ t❤❡ ❧♦✈❡❧②.s✐❣♥ ♦❢ Indra t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ✇❤♦♠ ❤❡ s❧❛②s
❛❧❧ vr.tra✲s✳
✸✻ ✺✳✷✾✳✼ ❚♦ s❧❛② Vrtra✱ Indra s❤❛❧❧ ❞r✐♥❦ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❙♦♠❛ ✖ t❤r❡❡ ❝❤❛♥♥❡❧s
♦❢ ❛ ♠❛♥ ❛t t❤❡ .s❛♠❡ t✐♠❡✳
✶✳✺✷✳✽ ❍❛✈✐♥❣ s❧❛②❡❞ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s Vr.tra ✳✳✳
✶✳✽✵✳✷ ■♥t♦①✐❝❛t✐♥❣ ❜✉❧❧ ❞✐❞ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t❡ t❤❡❡ ✖ ❬t❤❛t❪ ♣r♦❝✉r❡❞ ❜② ❛ ❤❛✇❦
♣r❡ss❡❞ ♦✉t Soma ✇✐t❤ ✇❤✐❝❤ t❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ✈✐❣♦r♦✉s❧② str✉❝❦ Vr.tra ♦✉t ♦❢ t❤❡
✇❛t❡rs✳
✸✼ ✶✳✽✵✳✼ ✇❤❡♥ ✐♥❞❡❡❞ ❤✐♠ ✖ t❤❛t ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ♣♦✇❡r✲t♦✲❢r❛♠❡✲❝♦❣♥✐t✐♦♥ ❜❡❛st ✖
t❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ❞❡❢❡❛t❡❞ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r✲t♦✲❢r❛♠❡✲❝♦❣♥✐t✐♦♥✳
✸✽ ✶✳✸✸✳✶✸ ❤❡ ♣r♦❧♦♥❣❡❞ ❤✐s ♦✇♥ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❣❡st✉r❡ ❬t❤✉s❪ ♣r❡✈❛✐❧✐♥❣
✸✾ ✶✳✶✻✺✳✽ ■ ❤❛✈❡ ❞❡❢❡❛t❡❞ Vrtra✱ ❖ Marut✲s✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ✐♥ ❝♦♥tr♦❧ ❜② t❤❡
♣♦✇❡r ♦✈❡r ❛✛❡❝t✐♦♥s ❛♥❞. t❤r♦✉❣❤ ♠② ♦✇♥ ✇r❛t❤✳
✹✵ ✻✳✷✺✳✽ ❚♦ t❤❡❡✱ ❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ t❤② ❣r❡❛t ♣♦✇❡r ♦✈❡r ❛✛❡❝t✐♦♥s✱ ❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣
✐s ❛❧✇❛②s ②✐❡❧❞❡❞ t♦ s❧❛② Vr.tra✳
Vr.tra✲s ✶✶✼

■♥ ✜❣❤t✐♥❣ Vr.trá✱ Indra t❡❛rs ❛s✉♥❞❡r Vr.trá✬s ❥❛✇s ✹✶ ✱ ❦♥♦❝❦s ♦✉t

❤✐s ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝♦♥tr♦❧
✹✷ ❬♦♥❡✬s ❜❡❤❛✈✐♦r❪✱ ❞❡str♦②s Vrtrá✬s ❢r❡♥③②✹✸ ✱
.
str✐❦❡s ❤✐♠ ♦✉t ♦❢ ✇❛t❡rs
✹✹ ✱ ❛♥❞ ♠❛❦❡s Vrtrá t♦ ❞❡❝❛②✹✺ ✳ ❆❧✲
.
t❤♦✉❣❤ Vr
✹✻ ✹✼
. trá ❛♣♣❡❛rs t♦ ❜❡ ✐♥✈✉❧♥❡r❛❜❧❡ ❛♥❞ ✐♠♠♦rt❛❧ ✱ Indra
✹✽ ✹✾
❛♥❞ s♣❧✐ts ✐t ❛s✉♥❞❡r ❀ Indra s❡✈❡rs Vr
str✐❦❡s ❤✐♠ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❤❡❛❞ . trá
tr❛♥s✈❡rs❡❧②
✺✵ ❞✐s✐♥t❡❣r❛t✐♥❣ ❤✐♠ ❧✐♠❜✲❜②✲❧✐♠❜✺✶ ✱ ❤❡✇✐♥❣ ❤✐♠ ✐♥t♦
♣✐❡❝❡s
✺✷ ❛♥❞ ❤✐s ✏st♦♥❡ r❛♠♣❛rts✑ ✺✸ ✖ Vrtrá ❡♥❞s ✉♣ s❝❛tt❡r❡❞ ✐♥
.
✺✹
♠❛♥② ♣❧❛❝❡s ❛♥❞ r❡♣♦s❡❞ ✳ ■t ✐s t❡♠♣t✐♥❣ t♦ ✐♥t❡r♣r❡t ✏❧✐♠❜s✑✱ ♦r
♣✐❡❝❡s✱ ♦❢ Vr.trá ❛s ❛t ❧❡❛st s♦♠❡ ❝♦♠♣♦♥❡♥ts✱ ♦r ❧✐♥❦s✱ ♦❢ ❞❡♣❡♥❞❡♥t
❝♦✲❛r✐s✐♥❣ ✭Pat
. icca samuppāda✮ ❛❧t❤♦✉❣❤ t❤❡r❡ ✐s ♥♦ ❡✈✐❞❡♥❝❡ ❢♦r
t❤✐s ❛ss✉♠♣t✐♦♥ ✐♥ t❤❡ ❘✐❣✈❡❞❛✳
❲❤❡♥ Indra s❧❛②s Vr.trá ❤❡ s❡ts ❢r❡❡ ♦r r❡❧❡❛s❡s t❤❡ ✇❛t❡rs
✺✺
❝❛✉s❡s t❤❡♠ t♦ ♠♦✈❡ q✉✐❝❦❧② ✐♥ ♦r❞❡r t♦ ✇❛s❤ ♦✉t ✐♠♣✉r✐t✐❡s
✺✻ ✱ ❤❡
♣r♦✈✐❞❡s ❢♦r ❛♥ ✐♥t❡❧❧✐❣❡♥t ♠❛♥ ❛♥ ✉♥✐♠♣❡❞❡❞ ✇❛② t♦ t❤❡ ✇❛t❡rs
✺✼ ❀
✺✽
Indra ❤✐♠s❡❧❢ ❜❡❝♦♠❡s ❝♦♥t❛✐♥❡❞ ✐♥ t❤❡ ✇❛t❡rs ✳
❲❤❡♥ Vr.trá ✐s s❧❛②❡❞ ♦r r❡tr❡❛ts✱ Indra ❝r❡❛t❡s ❢♦r ❛ ♠❛♥ ❛
♠❡♥t❛❧ s♣❛❝❡
✺✾ ✱ ✉♥❝♦✈❡rs ✏❞♦♦rs✑ ♦❢ Vr.trá ✻✵ ✱ ❛♥❞ ♠❛❦❡s ♦♥❡ t♦

✹✶ ✶✵✳✶✺✷✳✸ ❚❡❛r ❛s✉♥❞❡r ❥❛✇s ♦❢ Vrtra

.
✹✷ ✶✳✽✵✳✶✵ Indra ❦♥♦❝❦❡❞ ♦✉t Vrtra✬s ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝♦♥tr♦❧
.
✹✸ ✽✳✾✻✳✶✼ ♣r♦✈♦❦❡❞ t♦ ❞❛r❡✱ ❬t❤♦✉❪ ❤❛✈❡ ❞❡str♦②❡❞ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t ❬t❤❛t❪
✉♥♦♣♣♦s❛❜❧❡ ❢r❡♥③② ❬♦❢ Vr.tra❪✱✳✳
✹✹ ✶✳✽✵✳✷ t❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ✈✐❣♦r♦✉s❧② str✉❝❦ Vrtra ♦✉t ♦❢ t❤❡ ✇❛t❡rs
.
✹✺ ✽✳✼✻✳✸ ❍❛✈✐♥❣ ❣r♦✇♥ str♦♥❣✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ Marut✲s ❛s ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s Indra✱ ❧❡tt✐♥❣
✢♦✇✐♥❣ ✐♥t♦ t❤❡ s❡❛ ✇❛t❡rs ❣♦✱ ♠❛❞❡ Vr.tra t♦ ❞❡❝❛②✳
✹✻ ✸✳✸✷✳✹ ❤❡✱ ❞r✐✈❡♥✱ ❤❛s ❢♦✉♥❞ ❛ ✈✉❧♥❡r❛❜❧❡ s♣♦t ♦❢ Vrtra ✇❤♦ ✇❛s t❤♦✉❣❤t
.
t♦ ❜❡ ✐♥✈✉❧♥❡r❛❜❧❡✳
✹✼ ✷✳✶✶✳✷ ❍❡✱ ❣r♦✇✐♥❣ str♦♥❣❡r ✇✐t❤ r❡❝✐t❡❞ ✈❡rs❡s✱ ❞✐s♣❡rs❡❞ ❡✈❡♥ t❤❡ ❞❡♠♦♥
t❤♦✉❣❤t t♦ ❜❡ ✐♠♠♦rt❛❧✳
✹✽ ✶✳✸✷✳✼ ❤❡ ❤❛s ❤✐t ❤✐s t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t ♦✈❡r t❤❡ t♦♣
✹✾ ✽✳✼✻✳✷ ❚❤✐s Indra✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ Marut✲s ❛s ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s✱ ❞✐❞ s♣❧✐t ❛s✉♥❞❡r ✇✐t❤
❤✉♥❞r❡❞✲❦♥♦tt❡❞ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t t❤❡ ❤❡❛❞ ♦❢ Vr.tra✳
✺✵ ✶✳✻✶✳✶✷ ❙❡✈❡r ❬❤✐♠❪ tr❛♥s✈❡rs❡❧② ❛s ✐❢ ❝♦✇✬s ❧✐♠❜
✺✶ ✽✳✻✳✶✸ ❲❤❡♥ ❤✐s ❛♥❣❡r ❡♥✈❡❧♦♣❡❞ ❬t❤❡ ❜♦❞② ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ♠✐♥❞❪✱ ❧✐♠❜✲❜②✲❧✐♠❜
❞✐s✐♥t❡❣r❛t✐♥❣ Vr.tra✱✳✳
✺✷ ✶✵✳✶✶✸✳✻ ❤❡✱ ❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s✱ ✈✐❣♦r♦✉s❧② ❤❡✇ ✐♥t♦ ♣✐❡❝❡s ❦❡❡♣✐♥❣ ✇❛t❡rs✱ ❝♦♥❝❡❛❧❡❞
❜② ✐❣♥♦r❛♥❝❡ Vr.tra
✺✸ ✶✳✺✻✳✻ t❤♦✉ ❝♦♠♣❧❡t❡❧② ❜r♦❦❡ ✐♥t♦ ♣✐❡❝❡s st♦♥❡ r❛♠♣❛rts ♦❢ Vrtra
.
✺✹ ✶✳✸✷✳✼ ❆ ❣❡❧❞✐♥❣ ✇✐s❤✐♥❣ t♦ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ✇❡❧❧✲♠❛t❝❤❡❞ ♦♣♣♦♥❡♥t ♦❢ ❛ ❜✉❧❧✱ Vrtra
.
r❡♣♦s❡❞ s❝❛tt❡r❡❞ ✐♥ ♠❛♥② ♣❧❛❝❡s✳
✺✺ ✶✳✺✻✳✻ ✐♥ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❬Soma❪ t❤♦✉ s❡t ❢r❡❡ t❤❡ ✇❛t❡rs
✺✻ ✶✳✽✵✳✺ ✉s✐♥❣ t❤❡ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✱ t❤r♦✇s ❞♦✇♥ t❤❡ ❤❡❛❞ ♦❢ r❛❣✐♥❣ Vrtra ❬t❤✉s❪
.
❝❛✉s✐♥❣ ✇❛t❡rs t♦ ♠♦✈❡ q✉✐❝❦❧② t♦ ✇❛s❤ ♦✉t ❬✐♠♣✉r✐t✐❡s❪
✺✼ ✶✳✺✷✳✽ ❍❛✈✐♥❣ s❧❛②❡❞ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s Vrtra✱ ❢♦r ❛♥ ✐♥t❡❧❧✐❣❡♥t
.
♠❛♥✱ ❞♦ ♣r♦✈✐❞❡ ❛♥ ✉♥✐♠♣❡❞❡❞ ✇❛② t♦ ✇❛t❡rs
✺✽ ✶✵✳✶✹✼✳✶ ❲❤❡♥ t❤♦✉ s❧❛② ♠❛♥❧② Vrtra t❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡❝❛♠❡ ❝♦♥t❛✐♥❡❞ ✐♥ t❤❡
.
✇❛t❡rs✳
✺✾ ✹✳✷✶✳✶✵ ❚❤♦✉✱ s❧❛②✐♥❣ Vrtra✱ s❤❛❧❧ ❝r❡❛t❡ ♠❡♥t❛❧ s♣❛❝❡ ❢♦r ❛ ♠❛♥
.
✻✵ ✶✳✶✷✶✳✹ ❲❤❡♥ ❛t ❬t❤❡✐r❪ ✢♦✇✐♥❣ ❢♦rt❤ ❤❡✱ ✇❤♦ ❤❛s t❤r❡❡ r❡❣✐♦♥s✱ r❡tr❡❛ts✱
✶✶✽ ❊♥❡♠✐❡s ♦❢ Indra

❛❜❛♥❞♦♥ ✭❂st♦♣ ❝❧✐♥❣✐♥❣ t♦✮ ♦❜st❛❝❧❡s ❡✛❡❝t❡❞ ❜② Vr.trá ✻✶ ✳ Soma

❝♦♥s✉♠❡s s✉❜❞✉❡❞ ❜② Indra Vr.trá ✻✷ ✳ ❙tr✐❦✐♥❣ Vr.trá ♠✐❣❤t ❝❛✉s❡
♦♥❡ ❣♦ ✇✐❧❞
✻✸ ✳

❆♥ ✐♠♣♦rt❛♥t ♣♦✐♥t ❛❜♦✉t Indra✬s ✜❣❤t ✇✐t❤ Vr.trá ✐s t❤❛t ✐t ✐s

♥♦t ❛ ♦♥❡ t✐♠❡ ❡✈❡♥t ✖ ✐t ❤❛♣♣❡♥s t✐♠❡ ❛♥❞ ❛❣❛✐♥
✻✹ ✱ ❛♥❞ ✐t ✐s ♥♦t
♦♥❧②Indra ♦r deva✲s ✇❤♦ ❝❛♥ ❞♦ ✐t ❢♦r ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡rs ✻✺ ✱ ❜✉t ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡rs
t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s✱ ✐♠♣❡❧❧❡❞ ♦r ❤❡❧♣❡❞ ❜② Indra✱ ❝❛♥ ❞♦ ✐t ✳
✻✻

❚❤❡ s♥❛❦❡ ✭áhi✮

✏❚❤❡ s♥❛❦❡✑ ✐s ❛ vr.trá ❜✉t ✐s ♦t❤❡r t❤❛♥ t❤❡ Vr.trá ✶ ✳ ■t ✐s ✐♥✲
t❡r♣r❡t❡❞ ❤❡r❡ ❛s ❛ ♣♦✇❡r❢✉❧ ❞❡❡♣✲s❡❛t❡❞ ❛♥①✐❡t② ♦r ❞❡♣r❡ss✐♦♥✳
✏❙♥❛❦❡✑ ✇❛s ❝❤♦s❡♥ ❛s ❛ s②♠❜♦❧ ✐♥ t❤✐s ❝❛s❡ ♣r♦❜❛❜❧② ❜❡❝❛✉s❡ ♦❢
❝❤❛r❛❝t❡r✐st✐❝ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❡❞ ❡♠♦t✐♦♥❛❧ st❛♥❝❡ t❤❛t ♠❛❦❡s ♦♥❡ t♦ r❡❝♦✐❧
❛♥❞ ❛✈♦✐❞ t❤❡ s♦✉r❝❡ ♦❢ ❞❛♥❣❡r✱ ♦r t♦ ❛tt❛❝❦ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❡❞ s✐❣♥s ♦❢ ✐t
✇✐t❤♦✉t ❛❞❞r❡ss✐♥❣ ❝❛✉s❡s ♦❢ t❤❡ ❞❛♥❣❡r✳
❚❤❡ ✏s♥❛❦❡✑ ❧❛②s ❛r♦✉♥❞ t❤❡ ✇❛t❡rs
✷ ❛♥❞ ❞❡✈♦✉rs t❤❡♠✸ ✳ ❚❤❡

t❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ ✉♥❝♦✈❡r t❤❡ ❞♦♦rs ♦❢ t❤❡ ❢♦❡ ♦❢ ❛♥ ❬✐♥t❡❧❧✐❣❡♥t❪ ❤✉♠❛♥✳

✻✶ ✻✳✶✽✳✶✵ ✇❤♦ ✇✐t❤ ❞❡❡♣✱ ❤❡❧♣✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❞✐r❡ str❛✐❣❤ts ❬t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t❪ ❤❛s s❤❛tt❡r❡❞
♦❜str✉❝t✐♦♥s✱ ✇r❛♣♣❡❞ ❬t❤❡♠❪ ✉♣ ❛♥❞ s❤❛❧❧ ❝❛✉s❡ ♦♥❡ t♦ ❛❜❛♥❞♦♥ ❬t❤❡♠❪✳
✻✷ ✶✵✳✶✶✸✳✽ ❤❡ ❝♦♥s✉♠❡❞ s✉❜❞✉❡❞ ❜② Indra✬s t❤r✉st s♥❛❦❡✱ ❬❛♥❞❪ Vrtra
.
✻✸ ✺✳✸✹✳✷ ✇❤❡♥ ❝❛rr②✐♥❣ ❛ ♠✐❣❤t② ✇❡❛♣♦♥ Uśanas ✇❡r❡ t♦ ✇✐❡❧❞ ❤✐♠✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣
t❤♦✉s❛♥❞ s♣✐❦❡s ✇❡❛♣♦♥✱ t♦ str✐❦❡ ❬Vr.tra❪ t♦ ❣♦ ✇✐❧❞✳
✻✹ ✽✳✾✸✳✼ ❲❡ ❡♥❡r❣✐③❡ t❤✐s Indra ❢♦r t❤❡ ♠✐❣❤t② Vrtra t♦ ❜❡ s❧❛✐♥
.
✸✳✸✼✳✺ ❋♦r Vr.tra t♦ ❜❡ s❧❛✐♥✱ t♦ ♦❜t❛✐♥ ❛ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r ✐♥ ❜❛tt❧❡s ■ ❛❞❞r❡ss
Indra
✹✳✶✼✳✽ ❬■ ❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥❪ Indra✱ ❛❧✇❛②s s❧❛②✐♥❣ ❬Vr.tra❪
✹✳✷✹✳✷ ❤❡ ✐s t♦ ❜❡ s✉♠♠♦♥❡❞ t♦ s❧❛② Vr.tra
✻✺ ✽✳✻✸✳✶✷ ❬❚❤❡②✱❪ r✉❣❣❡❞✱ ❤♦✇❧✐♥❣ ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥t❧② ✐♥ ✉s✱ ✐♥ ♦r❞❡r t♦ s❧❛② Vrtra
.
❛❝t✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❤❛r♠♦♥② ❬✇✐t❤ ❡❛❝❤ ♦t❤❡r❪ ❞✉r✐♥❣ ❛ ❝❛❧❧ t♦ ❜❛tt❧❡✱✳✳
✻✻ ✶✵✳✷✷✳✶✵ ❚❤♦✉ s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ ✐♠♣❡❧❧❡❞ t❤♦s❡ ♠❡♥ ❬✇❤♦ ✇❡r❡❪ ✐♥ ♠✐s❡r② t♦
s❧❛② Vr.tra
✻✳✷✺✳✶ ❲❤✐❝❤ t❤② ✇❛② ♦❢ ❤❡❧♣✐♥❣ ✐s ✐♥❢❡r✐♦r✱ ✇❤✐❝❤ ✐s s✉♣❡r✐♦r✱ ✇❤✐❝❤ ✐s
✐♥✲❜❡t✇❡❡♥✱ ✇✐t❤ t❤♦s❡ t❤♦✉ ❤❡❧♣❡❞ ✉s ✇❡❧❧ t♦ s❧❛② Vr.tra
✹✳✹✶✳✷ ❖ Indra ❬❛♥❞❪ Varun.a✱ ✇❤✐❝❤ ♠♦rt❛❧✱ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣ ❧✐❜❛t✐♦♥s ❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡
♦❢ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s❤✐♣✱ ❤❛s ✐♥❞❡❡❞ ♠❛❞❡ t✇♦ deva✲s ❛❧❧✐❡s✱ ❤❡ s❧❛②s Vr.tra✲s ❬❛♥❞❪
❡♥❡♠✐❡s ✐♥ ❤♦st✐❧❡ ❡♥❝♦✉♥t❡rs❀
✼✳✶✾✳✸ t❤♦✉ ❢❛✈♦✉r❡❞ Paurukutsya Trasadasyu✱ Pūru ❬❝❧❛♥❪ ✐♥ ♦❜t❛✐♥✐♥❣
s♣❛❝❡ ❛♥❞ s❧❛②✐♥❣ Vr.tra
✼✳✸✷✳✶✺ ■♠♣❡❧ tr✉❧② ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡s ✐♥t♦ ❬❛❝ts ♦❢❪ s❧❛②✐♥❣ Vr.tra ✳✳✳
✽✳✷✶✳✶✷ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ♠❡♥ ✇❡ ✇♦✉❧❞ s❧❛② Vr.tra
✶ ✶✳✸✷✳✽ ❚❤❡ s♥❛❦❡ ❤❛s ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❧②✐♥❣ ❛t t❤❡ ❢❡❡t ♦❢ t❤♦s❡ ✈❡r② ❬✇❛t❡rs❪ ✇❤✐❝❤
Vr.tra s✉rr♦✉♥❞❡❞ ❜② ❤✐s ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ✐♥❝r❡❛s❡ ✐♥ s✐③❡✳
✷ ✹✳✶✾✳✷ t❤♦✉ s❧❛②❡❞ t❤❡ s♥❛❦❡ ❧❛②✐♥❣ ❛r♦✉♥❞ t❤❡ ✢♦♦❞✐♥❣ ✇❛t❡rs
✹✳✶✾✳✸ ❧②✐♥❣ ❛❣❛✐♥st s❡✈❡♥ ❞✐r❡❝t❡❞ ❢♦r✇❛r❞s ❬✇❛t❡rs❪ s♥❛❦❡
✸ ✹✳✶✼✳✶ t❤♦✉✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ s❧❛②❡❞ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡ t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡ Vrtra✱ s❤❛❧❧ ❧❡t ❧♦♦s❡
.
t❤❡ r✐✈❡rs ✇❤✐❝❤ ❤❛✈❡ ❜❡❡♥ ❞❡✈♦✉r❡❞ ❜② t❤❡ s♥❛❦❡✳
❚❤❡ s♥❛❦❡ ✶✶✾

✹
✏s♥❛❦❡✑ r❡♣♦s❡s✱ ❤♦❧❞✐♥❣ ❢❛st t♦ t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤ ❀ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ❦❡❡♣s r❡✲
✺
tr❡❛t✐♥❣ ❜❡❝❛✉s❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ✏s♥❛❦❡✑ ✳ ❚❤❡ ✏s♥❛❦❡✑ ✐s ❝❤❛r❛❝t❡r✐③❡❞ ❛s
✻
❧❛❝❦✐♥❣ ✇❛❦❡❢✉❧♥❡ss✱ s❧❡❡♣✐♥❣✱ ♥♦t✲❜❡✐♥❣✲❛✇❛r❡✱ ✱ ♣❡r♠✐ss✐✈❡ ❡✈❡♥
✼ ✽
✇❤❡♥ ❡①❤✐❜✐t✐♥❣ ✈✐❣♦✉r ✱ ❛♥❞ ❝♦♥❢✉s❡❞ ✳ ■t ❤❛s t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❢r❛♠❡
✾
✐❞❡❛s ❛♥❞ ♣❡r❝❡♣t✐♦♥ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ✐❧❧✉s✐♦♥s ✳ ❲❛t❡rs ❝❛♥ ❜❡❝♦♠❡
♠✐str❡ss❡s ♦❢ t❤❡ ✏s♥❛❦❡✑
✶✵ ✳

Indra ✇❛❦❡s ✉♣ t❤❡ ✏s♥❛❦❡✑ ✇✐t❤ ❛ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t

✶✶ ✱ ❤✉r❧s ✐t ✐♥t♦
✶✷ ✶✸
✐ts ❧❛✐r ✱ ❜❧♦✇s ✐t ♦✉t ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ✐♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ s♣❛❝❡ ✱ s✉❜❞✉❡s
✶✹ ✱
♦r s❧❛②s ✐t
✶✺ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ❛♥ ✐♠♣❛t✐❡♥t ❛♥❣❡r
✶✻ t❤❛t ♦❢t❡♥ ❛❝❝♦♠✲
♣❛♥✐❡s ❛r♦✉s❡❞ ❢r♦♠ ✐ts s❧❡❡♣ ✏s♥❛❦❡✑✳

❇❡❝♦♠✐♥❣ ❛✇❛r❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ✏s♥❛❦❡✑ ♦r ❛✇❛❦❡♥✐♥❣ ✐t ❝❛✉s❡ ❛♣♣r❡✲

❤❡♥s✐♦♥
✶✼ ✳ ❆✇❛❦❡♥❡❞ ✏s♥❛❦❡✑ ✐s ✈❡❤❡♠❡♥t ❛♥❞ ❢♦r❝❡❢✉❧ t♦ s✉❝❤ ❛

✹ ✶✳✸✷✳✻ t❤❡ s♥❛❦❡ r❡♣♦s❡s✱ ❤♦❧❞✐♥❣ ❢❛st t♦ t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤

✺ ✶✳✺✷✳✶✵ ❊✈❡♥ t❤❡ ❢♦r❝❡❢✉❧ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ♦✉t ♦❢ ❢❡❛r ❦❡♣t r❡tr❡❛t✐♥❣ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ s♦✉♥❞
♦❢ t❤✐s s♥❛❦❡
✻ ✹✳✶✾✳✸ ❚❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ ✇✐t❤♦✉t ❛ ❞❡❧❛②✱ s❤❛❧❧ s❡✈❡r ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t t❤❡
✐♥s❛t✐❛❜❧❡✱ str❡t❝❤❡❞ ♦✉t✱ ❧❛❝❦✐♥❣ ✇❛❦❡❢✉❧♥❡ss✱ ♥♦t✲❜❡✐♥❣✲❛✇❛r❡✱ s❧❡❡♣✐♥❣✱✳✳
s♥❛❦❡✳
✼ ✷✳✶✷✳✶✶ ✇❤♦ s❧❛②❡❞ ❡①❤✐❜✐t✐♥❣ ✈✐❣♦✉r s♥❛❦❡ ❬t❤❛t ✇❛s❪ ♣❡r♠✐ss✐✈❡✱ ❬t❤❛t ✇❛s❪
r❡st✐♥❣
✽ ✺✳✸✷✳✷ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ str✉❝❦ r❡♣♦s✐♥❣✱ ❝♦♥❢✉s❡❞ s♥❛❦❡✱ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❤❛✈❡ ❡✛❡❝t❡❞
t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝♦♥tr♦❧
✾ ✺✳✸✵✳✻ Indra s❤❛❧❧ ♣✉rs✉❡ ✐♠♣♦s✐♥❣✱ ❧②✐♥❣ ❛❣❛✐♥st ✇❛t❡rs✱ s♥❛❦❡ ✇❤✐❝❤ ❤❛✈❡
t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❢r❛♠❡ ❬✐❞❡❛s ❛♥❞ ♣❡r❝❡♣t✐♦♥❪ ✇✐t❤ ✐❧❧✉s✐♦♥s
✶✵ ✺✳✸✵✳✺ t❤❛t✬s ✇❤② deva✲s ✇❡r❡ ❛❢r❛✐❞ ♦❢ Indra ✖ ❤❡ ♦✈❡r❝❛♠❡ ❛❧❧ ✇❛t❡rs
❬t❤❛t ✇❡r❡❪ t❤❡ ♠✐str❡ss❡s ♦❢ t❤❡ ❞❡♠♦♥
✸✳✶✷✳✻ ❖ Indra✕Agni✱ ②♦✉ t✇♦ s❤♦♦❦ ♦✛ ♠✐str❡ss❡s ♦❢ t❤❡ ❞❡♠♦♥ ❢r♦♠ ♥✐♥❡t②
str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞s s✐♠✉❧t❛♥❡♦✉s❧②✱ ✇✐t❤ ❛ s✐♥❣❧❡ ❛❝t✐♦♥✳
✶✶ ✶✳✶✵✸✳✼ ❚❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❛s ✐❢ ♣✉t ❢♦r✇❛r❞ t❤❛t ✈❛❧♦r✱ ✇❤❡♥✱ ✉s✐♥❣ t❤✉♥❞❡r✲
❜♦❧t✱ t❤♦✉ ♠❛❞❡ t❤❡ s❧❡❡♣✐♥❣ s♥❛❦❡ t♦ ✇❛❦❡ ✉♣✳
✶✷ ✻✳✶✼✳✾ ❲❤❡♥ Indra ❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ ❜❡st♦✇✐♥❣✲♠❡❛♥s✲❬t♦✲❛❝t❪ ❛❧❧✲♣❡r✈❛❞✐♥❣
✈✐t❛❧ ♣♦✇❡r ❤❛❞ ❤✉r❧❡❞ t❤❡ s♥❛❦❡ ✐♥t♦ ❬✐ts❪ ❧❛✐r
✶✸ ✽✳✸✳✷✵ t❤♦✉ ❞✐❞ ❜❧♦✇ ♦✉t ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ✐♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ s♣❛❝❡ t❤❡ ♠✐❣❤t② s♥❛❦❡ ✖
♣❡r❢♦r♠ t❤❛t ♠❛♥❧② ❞❡❡❞✱ ❖ Indra✦
✶✹ ✶✵✳✶✶✸✳✽ ❤❡ ❬✱ Soma✱❪ ❝♦♥s✉♠❡❞ s✉❜❞✉❡❞ ❜② Indra✬s t❤r✉st s♥❛❦❡✱ ❬❛♥❞❪
Vr.tra
✶✺ ✶✳✶✵✸✳✷ t❤❡ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡ s❧❛②❡❞ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ❤❛s ♥♦ s❤♦✉❧❞❡r❜❧❛❞❡s ❜② ✉s✐♥❣
❡♥❛❜❧✐♥❣ ♣♦✇❡rs
✶✳✶✸✵✳✹ ❍❛✈✐♥❣ ✜r♠❡❞ ✐♥ t❤❡ ❤❛♥❞s t❤❡ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✱ s❤❛r♣ ❛s ❛ ❝❛r✈✐♥❣
❦♥✐❢❡✱ ❤❡ s❤❛❧❧ ✇❤❡t ❬✐t❪ ❢♦r ❛ s❤♦t✱ ❤❡ s❤❛❧❧ ✇❤❡t ❬✐t❪ t♦ s❧❛② t❤❡ s♥❛❦❡✳
✸✳✸✷✳✶✶ ❍❡✱ ❜❡✐♥❣ str♦♥❣❡r✱ s❧❛②❡❞ ❧❛②✐♥❣ ❛r♦✉♥❞ ✢♦♦❞✐♥❣ ✇❛t❡rs ❡①❤✐❜✐t✐♥❣
✈✐❣♦✉r s♥❛❦❡
✶✻ ✶✳✶✵✶✳✷ ❬❤✐♠✱❪ ✇❤♦ ❬s❧❛②❡❞❪ ❤❛✈✐♥❣✲♥♦✲s❤♦✉❧❞❡r❜❧❛❞❡s ♦♥❡ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ✐♠✲
♣❛t✐❡♥t ❛♥❣❡r
✶✼ ✶✳✸✷✳✶✹ ❲❤❛t ❝♦♠✐♥❣ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ s♥❛❦❡ ❞✐❞ t❤♦✉ s❡❡✱ ❖ Indra✱ ✇❤❡♥ ❛♥
❛♣♣r❡❤❡♥s✐♦♥ ♠♦✈❡❞ ✐♥t♦ t❤②✱ ✇❤♦ ❤❛s s❧❛②❡❞ ❬t❤❡ s♥❛❦❡❪✱ ❤❡❛rt✱ ❛♥❞ ✇❤❡♥
t❤♦✉ ❞✐❞ ❝r♦ss ♦✈❡r ♥✐♥❡t② ❛♥❞ ♥✐♥❡ ✢♦✇✐♥❣ ❬str❡❛♠s❪ ❧✐❦❡ ❛ ❢r✐❣❤t❡♥❡❞ ❤❛✇❦
♦✈❡r ❛✐r② r❡❛❧♠s❄
✶✷✵ ❊♥❡♠✐❡s ♦❢ Indra

❞❡❣r❡❡ t❤❛t deva✲s ✢❡❡

✶✽ ✳ Indra ❢❛❝❡s t❤❡ ✏s♥❛❦❡✑ ❛❧♦♥❡
✶✾ ✳ ❚❤❡
✏s♥❛❦❡✑ ❡♠♣❧♦②s ❢♦❣✱ ❧✐❣❤t♥✐♥❣✱ t❤✉♥❞❡r✱ ❛♥❞ ✏r❛tt❧✐♥❣✑
✷✵ ❀ Indra
✉s❡s ❛ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t
✷✶ ✷✷
✇❤✐❧❡ ♠♦❞❡r❛t✐♥❣ ♦✇♥ ❢r❡♥③② ✳ ❈✉tt✐♥❣ ♥✐♥❡
❛♥❞ ♥✐♥❡t② ❝♦✐❧s ♦❢ t❤❡ ✏s♥❛❦❡✑
✷✸ ✱ ❤❡✇✐♥❣ ✐t ✐♥t♦ ♣✐❡❝❡s ✷✹ ✱ Indra
✷✺
✈❛♥q✉✐s❤❡s ✐t ✳

❇② str✐❦✐♥❣ t❤❡ ✏s♥❛❦❡✑✱ Indra ❡✛❡❝ts t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝♦♥tr♦❧✷✻ ❛♥❞

r❡❧❡❛s❡s s❡✈❡♥ r✐✈❡rs ♦❢ r❡st❧❡ss ✇❛t❡rs t♦ ✢♦✇
✷✼ t♦✇❛r❞s t❤❡ ✏s❡❛✑ ✷✽ ✳
❇② s❧❛②✐♥❣ t❤❡ ✏s♥❛❦❡✑ Indra ❝r❡❛t❡s s♣❛❝❡ ❢♦r t❤❡ ♠✐♥❞ ❛♥❞ t❤❡
❜♦❞②
✷✾ ✱ ❛♥❞ ♣r♦❝✉r❡s ❜❡st♦✇✐♥❣✲♠❡❛♥s✲t♦✲❛❝t ❛❧❧✲♣❡r✈❛❞✐♥❣ ✈✐t❛❧
✸✵ ✸✶
♣♦✇❡r ❀ ❛ ✏❜❧✐♥❞✑ ♠❛♥ ❜❡❣✐♥s t♦ s❡❡ ✳

Śús.n.a
Śús.n.a ✭t❤❡ ✏❞r②✐♥❣ ♦♥❡✑✮ ✐s ❛ ❞❡♠♦♥ ✇❤♦ s❛♣s ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❛♥❞ ❜♦❞✐❧②
❡♥❡r❣②✱ ❜✉t r❡♠❛✐♥s ♠♦st❧② ✐♥ t❤❡ ❞❛r❦ ✭❂ ✐♥ t❤❡ s✉❜❝♦♥s❝✐♦✉s♥❡ss✮✳
❍❡ ✐s t❤❛t ✇❤✐❝❤ ❝❛✉s❡s ❛ r❡s✐st❛♥❝❡ t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱ ❛♥ ❛❝t✐✈❡ ❞❡❢❡♥s❡
♦❢ ❡st❛❜❧✐s❤❡❞ r♦✉t✐♥❡s✱ ♣r✐♦r✐t✐❡s✱ ✈❛❧✉❡s✱ ♦r ♠♦r❡s❀ ❤❡ ✐s ❛ ♣❡rs♦♥✲
✐✜❝❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ t❤❡ str✐✈✐♥❣ t♦ ♣r❡s❡r✈❡ t❤❡ st❛t✉s q✉♦✳ ❙❛✐❞ r❡s✐st❛♥❝❡

✶✽ ✽✳✾✸✳✶✹✲✶✺ ✇❤❡♥ ❛❧❧ deva✲s st❡♣♣❡❞ ❛s✐❞❡ ❜❡❝❛✉s❡ ♦❢ s♥❛❦❡✬s ✈❡❤❡♠❡♥❝❡ ✭t❤❡
❢♦r❝❡❢✉❧♥❡ss ♦❢ t❤❡ ❜❡❛st s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ ♠❡t t❤❡♠✮✱ t❤❡♥ ❤❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ♠②
♣r♦t❡❝t✐♦♥❀
✽✳✾✻✳✼ ❋❧❡❡✐♥❣ ❢r♦♠ Vr.tra✬s ❤✐ss✐♥❣ ❛❧❧ deva✲s ✇❤♦ ✇❡r❡ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s ❛❜❛♥✲
❞♦♥❡❞ t❤❡❡✳
✶✾ ✶✳✶✻✺✳✻ ②♦✉ ♣✉t ✉♣ ♠❡ t♦ s❧❛② t❤❡ s♥❛❦❡ ❜② ♠②s❡❧❢
✷✵ ✶✳✸✷✳✶✸ ◆❡✐t❤❡r ❧✐❣❤t♥✐♥❣ ♥♦r t❤✉♥❞❡r ✇❡r❡ s✉❝❝❡ss❢✉❧ ❢♦r ❤✐♠✱ ♥❡✐t❤❡r t❤❡
❢♦❣ ✇❤✐❝❤ ❤❡ s❝❛tt❡r❡❞✱ ♥♦r t❤❡ r❛tt❧✐♥❣✱ ✇❤❡♥ Indra ❛♥❞ t❤❡ s♥❛❦❡ ✇❛❣❡❞
✇❛r✳✳✳
✷✶ ✶✳✶✸✵✳✹ ❍❛✈✐♥❣ ✜r♠❡❞ ✐♥ t❤❡ ❤❛♥❞s t❤❡ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✱ s❤❛r♣ ❛s ❛ ❝❛r✈✐♥❣
❦♥✐❢❡✱ ❤❡ s❤❛❧❧ ✇❤❡t ❬✐t❪ ❢♦r ❛ s❤♦t✱ ❤❡ s❤❛❧❧ ✇❤❡t ❬✐t❪ t♦ s❧❛② t❤❡ s♥❛❦❡✳
✷✷ ✺✳✸✶✳✼ ✇❤❡♥ s❧❛②✐♥❣ t❤❡ s♥❛❦❡✱ t❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ♠♦❞❡r❛t❡❞ ❬t❤②❪ ❢r❡♥③②
✷✸ ✺✳✷✾✳✻ ❲❤❡♥ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t t❤❡ ♠✉♥✐✜❝❡♥t ♦♥❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❝✉t s✐♠✉❧t❛♥❡✲
♦✉s❧② ♥✐♥❡ ❛♥❞ ♥✐♥❡t② ❝♦✐❧s ♦❢ t❤✐s ♦♥❡ ✐♥t♦ ♣✐❡❝❡s
✷✹ ✸✳✸✸✳✼ ❤❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❤❡✇ ✐♥t♦ ♣✐❡❝❡s t❤❡ s♥❛❦❡
✷✺ ✽✳✾✸✳✷ ❬❜❡✐♥❣❪ Vr.tra✲s❧❛②❡r✱ ✈❛♥q✉✐s❤❡❞ t❤❡ s♥❛❦❡
✷✻ ✺✳✸✷✳✷ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ str✉❝❦ r❡♣♦s✐♥❣✱ ❝♦♥❢✉s❡❞ s♥❛❦❡✱ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❤❛✈❡ ❡✛❡❝t❡❞
t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝♦♥tr♦❧
✷✼ ✷✳✶✷✳✸ ❲❤♦✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ s❧❛②❡❞ t❤❡ s♥❛❦❡✱ r❡❧❡❛s❡❞ s❡✈❡♥ r✐✈❡rs
✺✳✷✾✳✷ ❲❤❡♥ ❤❡ ❤✐t t❤❡ s♥❛❦❡✱ ❤❡ r❡❧❡❛s❡❞ r❡st❧❡ss ✇❛t❡rs t♦ ✢♦✇✳
✷✽ ✻✳✸✵✳✹ ❚❤♦✉ s❧❛②❡❞ t❤❡ s♥❛❦❡ ❧②✐♥❣ ❛r♦✉♥❞ t❤❡ ✢♦♦❞✐♥❣ ✇❛t❡rs✱ t❤♦✉ s❡♥❞
t❤❡ ✇❛t❡r ♦✛ t♦✇❛r❞s t❤❡ s❡❛✳
✷✾ ✻✳✶✽✳✶✹ ❚❤❡♥ ❛❧❧ deva✲s s❤❛❧❧ ❝❤❡❡r t❤❡❡✱ ❖ deva✱ t♦ s❧❛② t❤❡ s♥❛❦❡ ✳✳✳ ❛t
✇❤✐❝❤ ♣♦✐♥t t❤♦✉✱ ❡①t♦❧❧❡❞✱ s❤❛❧❧ ❝r❡❛t❡ ❬♠❡♥t❛❧❪ s♣❛❝❡ ❢♦r ❛ ❤❛r❞✲♣r❡ss❡❞
❍❡❛✈❡♥✱ ❬❛♥❞❪ ❢♦r ❛ ♣❡rs♦♥✱ ❢♦r t❤✐s ❜♦❞②✳
✸✵ ✻✳✶✼✳✾ ❲❤❡♥ Indra ❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ ❜❡st♦✇✐♥❣✲♠❡❛♥s✲❬t♦✲❛❝t❪ ❛❧❧✲♣❡r✈❛❞✐♥❣
✈✐t❛❧ ♣♦✇❡r ❤❛❞ ❤✉r❧❡❞ t❤❡ s♥❛❦❡ ✐♥t♦ ❬✐ts❪ ❧❛✐r
✸✶ ✹✳✶✾✳✾ ❛ ❜❧✐♥❞✱ t❛❦✐♥❣ ❤♦❧❞ ♦❢ ✏t❤❡ s♥❛❦❡✑✱ ❧♦♦❦❡❞ ❛r♦✉♥❞❀
Śus.n.a ✶✷✶

✐s ❡✈❡r ♣r❡s❡♥t ✖ t❤✉s Śús.n.a ✐s ❝❛❧❧❡❞ ✉♥❛❜❛t✐♥❣✶ ✳ ❲❤❡♥ t❤❡ r❡s✐s✲

t❛♥❝❡ ✐s ❢r✉str❛t❡❞✱ ✐t ♠✐❣❤t r❡s✉❧t ✐♥ ❝♦♠♣✉❧s✐✈❡ ❡❛t✐♥❣✴❞r✐♥❦✐♥❣✱
t❤✉s Śús.n.a ✷
✐s ❝❛❧❧❡❞ ✏❝❛✉s✐♥❣ ❧❛❝❦ ♦❢ ❜❛r❧❡②✑ ✳ ❚❤❡ str✐✈✐♥❣ t♦ ♣r❡✲
s❡r✈❡ t❤❡ st❛t✉s q✉♦ ❜✐❛s❡s ♣❡r❝❡♣t✐♦♥✱ ❝♦❣♥✐t✐♦♥✱ ❛♥❞ ❞❡❝✐s✐♦♥s ✖
t❤✉s Śús.n.a ✐s ❝❤❛r❛❝t❡r✐③❡❞ ❛s ✏❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❢r❛♠❡ ✐❞❡❛s ❛♥❞
♣❡r❝❡♣t✐♦♥✑
✸ ✇❤✐❝❤ ♣♦✇❡r ♠❛❦❡s ❤✐♠ str♦♥❣❡r✹ ✳ ❆ Śúsna ♠✐❣❤t
..
❛❧s♦ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st ❤✐♠s❡❧❢ ❛s ❛♥ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡ t♦ s✉✛❡r ✇❛♥t
✺ ❜② ♣❛✐♥t✐♥❣ ❛
✻
❞❡t❛✐❧❡❞ ♣✐❝t✉r❡ ♦❢ ❢✉t✉r❡ st❛t✉s q✉♦ ❛♥❞ r❡s♦❧✈✐♥❣ t♦ st✐❝❦ t♦ ✐t ✳
Śús.n.a ❤❛s ❢♦rt✐✜❡❞✱ s♦♠❡t✐♠❡s ♠♦✈✐♥❣✲❛r♦✉♥❞ str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞s ✇❤✐❝❤
Indra ❞❡✲❡♥❡r❣✐③❡s ✼ ✳ Indra ❛❧s♦ t❛❦❡s ❛✇❛② Sús.n.a✬s ❡♥❡r❣② t❤❛t ✐s
✽
❛❧❧ ❛r♦✉♥❞ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ✱ ❛♥❞ ❞❡❣r❛❞❡s Śus
✾
. n.a✬s ❢r❡♥③② ✳ ❆ ✜❣❤t
❜❡t✇❡❡♥ Indra ❛♥❞ Śus
✶✵
. n.a ♠✐❣❤t ❧❛st s❡✈❡r❛❧ ❞❛②s ✳
■♥ ❛❞❞✐t✐♦♥ t♦ Indra✱ t❤❡r❡ ✐s ❛♥♦t❤❡r ❝♦✉♥t❡r❛❝t✐♥❣ Śús . n.a ❛❣❡♥t
✖ Kútsa ✇❤♦ ✐s ❛ ❞❡str✉❝t✐♦♥ ❢♦r Śús n a ✶✶ ✳ ❚❤❡ ✇♦r❞ Kútsa
..
♠✐❣❤t ❜❡ ♣❛rt ♦❢ ❛ ♣❡rs♦♥✬s ♥❛♠❡ ❧✐❦❡ ✐♥ Kutsa Atithigva ♦r Kutsa
Ārjuneya✱ ❜✉t ✐♥ ♦t❤❡r ♦❝❝✉rr❡♥❝❡s ✐♥ ❘✐❣✈❡❞❛ ✐t ❞❡♥♦t❡s ❛♥ ❛❝✲
✶ ✷✳✶✹✳✺ ❲❤♦ ❤❛s ❡❛s✐❧② s❧❛②❡❞ t❤❡ ✈♦r❛❝✐♦✉s ♦♥❡✱ ✇❤♦ ❬s❧❛②❡❞❪ ✉♥❛❜❛t✐♥❣
Śus.n
.a
✶✳✶✵✶✳✷ ✇❤♦ ❬s❧❛②❡❞❪ Śus.n
. a✱ ♣✉❧❧❡❞ t❤❡ ✉♥❛❜❛t✐♥❣ ♦♥❡ ❞♦✇♥
✷ ✷✳✶✾✳✻ ■♥ ❛ ❞❛② ❤❡ ♠❛❞❡ ✉♥❛❜❛t✐♥❣✱ ❝❛✉s✐♥❣ ❧❛❝❦ ♦❢ ❜❛r❧❡② Śusna t♦ s✉❝❝✉♠❜
..
t♦ ❝❤❛r✐♦t❡❡r Kutsa❀
✹✳✶✻✳✶✷ ❋♦r Kutsa t❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ♣✉❧❧❡❞ ✐♥ ❛t t❤❡ st❛rt ♦❢ t❤❡ ❞❛② ✉♥❛❜❛t✐♥❣
Śus.n
.a ✇❤♦ ✐s ❝❛✉s✐♥❣ ❧❛❝❦ ♦❢ ❜❛r❧❡② ❬❛♥❞❪ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞ ❬♦❜st❛❝❧❡s❪✳
✸ ✶✳✺✻✳✸ ❬t❤❛t ✐♠♣✉❧s❡❪ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ✇❤✐❝❤ ✐♥ ❬❤✐s❪ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t✐♦♥ t❤❡ ✐r♦♥
❬t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t❪ ❬❞❡❣r❛❞❡❞❪ ❤❛✈✐♥❣✲t❤❡✲♣♦✇❡r✲t♦✲❢r❛♠❡✲❬✐❞❡❛s ❛♥❞ ♣❡r❝❡♣t✐♦♥❪
Śus.n
. a✳
✻✳✷✵✳✹ ❲✐t❤ ❢r✉str❛t✐♦♥s ❤❡ s✉♣♣❧❛♥t❡❞ ♣♦✇❡rs t♦ ❢r❛♠❡ ❬❝♦❣♥✐t✐♦♥❪ ♦❢ ✉♥✲
❛❜❛t✐♥❣ Śus.n
.a ❛s ✐❢ ❬t❤❡② ✇❡r❡ t❤♦s❡❪ ♦❢ ❢♦♦❞ ✖ ♥♦t❤✐♥❣ ❬♦❢ t❤❡♠❪ ✇❤❛ts♦✲
❡✈❡r ❬✇❛s ❧❡❢t❪ ❢♦rt❤✇✐t❤✳
✹ ✻✳✷✷✳✻ ✇❤♦ ✐s ❣❡tt✐♥❣ str♦♥❣❡r t❤r♦✉❣❤ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❢r❛♠❡ ❬❝♦❣♥✐t✐♦♥❪
✺ ✽✳✻✳✶✹ Indra✱ Śus.n
❖ t❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ❤✉r❧❡❞ str♦♥❣ ❡♥♦✉❣❤ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t ✐♥t♦ .a
✇❤♦ ✐s ❛♥ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡ t♦ s✉✛❡r ✇❛♥t ✳✳✳
✻ ✺✳✸✷✳✺ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲✇✐❡❧❞❡r ❤❛s str✐❝❦❡♥ ❞♦✇♥ ❬❤✐♠❪
✖ Śus.n
.a ✖ ❤✐♠ ✐♥❞❡❡❞✱ ✇❤♦ ✐s ✐♠♣❧❛♥t❡❞ ❜② t❤✐s ♦♥❡✬s ❬♦✇♥❪ ❞❡s✐❣♥s✳
✼ ✶✳✺✶✳✶✶ Śus.n
❤❡ ✏❞❡✲❡♥❡r❣✐③❡❞✑ ❢♦rt✐✜❡❞ str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞s ♦❢ . a✳
✽✳✶✳✷✽ ❲✐t❤ ❬t❤②❪ ❞❡❛❞❧② ✇❡❛♣♦♥s t❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ s❤❛tt❡r ♠♦✈✐♥❣✲❛r♦✉♥❞
str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞ ♦❢ Śus.n
. a✳
✽ ✶✳✶✷✶✳✶✵ Śus.n
❲❤❛t❡✈❡r ❡♥❡r❣② ♦❢ .a ❤✐♠s❡❧❢ ❬✇❛s❪ ♣✉t ❛r♦✉♥❞ ❬t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥❪✱
t❤♦✉ ❤❛s t❛❦❡♥ t❤❛t✱ ❞❡s♣✐t❡ ❬✐t ❜❡✐♥❣❪ ✇❡❧❧ t✐❡❞ ❬t♦ t❤♦✉❣❤ts❪✱ ❢r♦♠ ❛❧❧ ♦✈❡r
t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥✳
✾ ✽✳✾✻✳✶✼ ♣r♦✈♦❦❡❞ t♦ ❞❛r❡✱ ❬t❤♦✉❪ ❤❛✈❡ ❞❡str♦②❡❞ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t ❬t❤❛t❪
✉♥♦♣♣♦s❛❜❧❡ ❢r❡♥③② ❬♦❢ Vr.tra❪✱ ✉s✐♥❣ ❞❡❛❞❧② ✇❡❛♣♦♥s t❤♦✉ ❞❡❣r❛❞❡❞ ❬t❤❛t❪
♦❢ Śus.n
.a
✶✵ ✶✳✸✸✳✶✶ ❲✐t❤ t❤❡ ♠✐♥❞ ❞✐r❡❝t❡❞ t♦ ♦♥❡ ❣♦❛❧✱ ♦✈❡r ❬s❡✈❡r❛❧❪ ❞❛②s Indra s❧❛②❡❞
❤✐♠ ✉s✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♠♦st ✈✐❣♦r♦✉s str✐❦❡ t❤❛t ❦❡❡♣s str✐❦✐♥❣✳
✶✶ ✶✳✶✼✺✳✹ Kutsa Śus.n
❈♦♥✈❡② ✖ ❛ ❞❡str✉❝t✐♦♥ t♦ .a ✖ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❲✐♥❞✬s
❤♦rs❡s✳
✶✷✷ ❊♥❡♠✐❡s ♦❢ Indra

t✐✈❡❧② ❝✉r✐♦✉s ❛♥❞ ♦♣❡♥ t♦ t❤❡ ✉♥❦♥♦✇♥ ♠✐♥❞

✶✷ ✳
❚❤❡r❡ ❛r❡ ♠❛♥② Kutsa✬s
✶✸ ✳ Indra ❤❡❧♣s ❛ Kútsa t♦ ❞❡str♦② ❛
Śúsna ❜② s❤♦✇✐♥❣ ❤✐s ♣r❡s❡♥❝❡✶✺ ✱ ❜② ♣✉❧❧✐♥❣ ❤✐♠ ✐♥✶✻ ✱ ❜② ♣❧❛❝✲
..
✶✹
✐♥❣ ❤✐♠ ✇✐t❤✐♥ Kutsa✬s r❡❛❝❤✱ ❜② s✉rr♦✉♥❞✐♥❣ Śús.n.a ✇✐t❤ ❡♥❞❧❡ss
❢r✉str❛t✐♦♥s
✶✼ ✱ ❜② ❝r❡❛t✐♥❣ ❢♦r Kútsa ♠❡♥t❛❧ s♣❛❝❡
✶✽ ✳
❆ ♣❛rt✐❝✉❧❛r t❡❝❤♥✐q✉❡ ❢♦r ✜❣❤t✐♥❣ Śus.n.a ✐s ♠❡♥t✐♦♥❡❞ ✐♥ ✶✳✺✹✳✺
✖ ✇✐t❤ ♠❡♥t❛❧ st❛♥❝❡ ✏▲❡t✬s s❡❡ ✇❤❛t ✐s t❤❡r❡✑✱ ❛t t❤❡ ❜❡❣✐♥♥✐♥❣
♦❢ ❜r❡❛t❤✐♥❣ ♦♥❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❞✐r❡❝t t❤❡ ❡♥❡r❣② ♦❢ t❤❡ ❜r❡❛t❤ ❞♦✇♥ t♦
mūlādhāra ❝❛❦r❛ ✇❤✐❧❡ r❡❝✐t✐♥❣ ♦r✱ ❛t ❧❡❛st✱ ♠❡♥t❛❧❧② ✉tt❡r✐♥❣ ✇❤❛t
Śus.n.a ❞❡s✐r❡s ✶✾ ✳

Śámbara
Śámbara ✐s ❞❡✜♥❡❞ ❛s ❛ ❞❡♠♦♥ ✭dāsa✮ ♠♦st r❡❧❛t❡❞ t♦ ❢❛♠✐❧② ♦r
♥♦❜❧❡ ❛♥❝❡str② ✭kaulitara✮ ✐♥ ✹✳✸✵✳✶✹
✶ ❛♥❞ ✐s ✐♥t❡r♣r❡t❡❞ ❤❡r❡ ❛s
❛ ✇❛❧❧ ♦❢ r❛t✐♦♥❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥s✴❛tt✐t✉❞❡s ❞❡r✐✈❡❞ ❢r♦♠ ❝♦♥❝❡r♥s ❛❜♦✉t
♦♥❡✬s ❢❛♠✐❧② ♦r ❛ss✉♠♣t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❛ ♥♦❜❧❡ ❛♥❝❡str② ❛s ❜❡✐♥❣ t♦♦ ✐♠♣♦r✲
t❛♥t✱ ❤♦✇❡✈❡r t❤❡r❡ ❛r❡ t♦♦ ❢❡✇ ♠❡♥t✐♦♥s ♦❢ Śámbara t♦ ❜❡ ♠♦r❡
s♣❡❝✐✜❝✳ ■t ✐s ♠❡♥t✐♦♥❡❞ t❤❛t Śámbara ✏r❡s✐❞❡s ✐♥ t❤❡ ♠♦✉♥t❛✐♥s✑
✷

✶✷ ✹✳✶✻✳✶✵ ❏♦✉r♥❡② ❤♦♠❡ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ♠✐♥❞ t❤❛t ✐s s❧❛②✐♥❣ t❤❡ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡✲t♦✲s✉✛❡r✲
✇❛♥t❀ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡❡ ❜❡✐♥❣ ❧✐❦❡✲♠✐♥❞❡❞✱ Kutsa s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❞✐s♣❛ss✐♦♥❛t❡✳
✶✸ ✼✳✷✺✳✺ ❚❤❡s❡ Kutsa✲s✱ r❡♣❡❛t❡❞❧② ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❬t❤❡ st❛t❡ ♦❢❪ Indra ♦✈❡r✲
✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ ✐♠♣❡❧❧❡❞ ❜② t❤❡ deva ♣♦✇❡r✱ ❛r❡ ❛ ❤✐❣❤s♣✐r✐t❡❞ ♥♦t❡ t♦ ❤❛✈✐♥❣
t❛✇♥② ❤♦rs❡s ♦♥❡✳
✶✹ ✶✳✺✶✳✻ ❚❤♦✉ ❤❡❧♣❡❞ Kutsa ❞✉r✐♥❣ ❦✐❧❧✐♥❣s ♦❢ Śusna
✷✳✶✾✳✻ ■♥ ❛ ❞❛② ❤❡ ♠❛❞❡ ✉♥❛❜❛t✐♥❣✱ ❝❛✉s✐♥❣ ❧❛❝❦ .♦❢. ❜❛r❧❡② Śus.n.a t♦ s✉❝❝✉♠❜
t♦ ❝❤❛r✐♦t❡❡r Kutsa❀
✻✳✸✶✳✸ ❉✉r✐♥❣ ❛ ❢♦r❛② ❢♦r ❝♦✇s✱ ❞♦ ✜❣❤t t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ Kutsa✱ ❖ Indra✱
❛❣❛✐♥st ✉♥❛❜❛t✐♥❣ Śus.n.a✱ ❬✇❤♦ ✐s❪ ❝❛✉s✐♥❣ ❧❛❝❦ ♦❢ ❜❛r❧❡②✳
✶✺ ✶✵✳✾✾✳✾ ❤❡ ❣❛✈❡ ❛✇❛② Śusna t♦ ✐♠♣❧♦r✐♥❣ ❬❤✐♠❪ Kutsa✳
✶✻ ✹✳✶✻✳✶✷ ❋♦r Kutsa t❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ♣✉❧❧❡❞ ✐♥ ❛t t❤❡ st❛rt ♦❢ t❤❡ ❞❛② ✉♥❛❜❛t✐♥❣
..

. a ✇❤♦ ✐s ❝❛✉s✐♥❣ ❧❛❝❦ ♦❢ ❜❛r❧❡② ❬❛♥❞❪ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞ ❬♦❜st❛❝❧❡s❪

✶✼ ✶✳✶✷✶✳✾ t❤♦✉ s✉rr♦✉♥❞ Śusna ✇✐t❤ ❡♥❞❧❡ss ❢r✉str❛t✐♦♥s
Śus.n

✶✽ ✺✳✷✾✳✶✵ ❚❤♦✉ t❡❛r❡❞ ♦✛ t❤❡ ♦t❤❡r ✇❤❡❡❧ ♦❢ t❤❡ s✉♥✱ ❢♦r Kutsa t❤♦✉ ❝r❡❛t❡❞
..

❛♥♦t❤❡r ♠❡♥t❛❧ s♣❛❝❡ t♦ ♠♦✈❡ ❬✐♥❪✳

✻✳✷✵✳✺ ❆❣✐t❛t✐♥❣ ❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣ ❬❡♥❡r❣②❪ ✇❛s ♠♦✈❡❞ ❛✇❛② ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ♠✐❣❤t② ❢♦❡
✇❤❡♥ ❞✉r✐♥❣ ❛❧✐❣❤t✐♥❣ ♦❢ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t Śus.n.a s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ ❜❡❡♥ ♠❛❞❡ t♦ ❢❛❧❧
❞♦✇♥✱
s♦ t❤❛t ❤❡ ✇♦✉❧❞ ❝r❡❛t❡ ❛ ✇✐❞❡ s♣❛❝❡ ❢♦r ❝❤❛r✐♦t❡❡r ♦♥ t❤❡ s❛♠❡ ❝❤❛r✐♦t ✖
Indra ❬✇♦✉❧❞ ❝r❡❛t❡ ❛ ✇✐❞❡ s♣❛❝❡❪ ❢♦r Kutsa ❞✉r✐♥❣ ❣❛✐♥✐♥❣ t❤❡ s✉♥✳
✶✾ ✶✳✺✹✳✺ ✇✐t❤ ✈✐❣♦r♦✉s t✉r♥❡❞✲t♦✇❛r❞s✲t❤❡✲❢r♦♥t ♠✐♥❞ t❤♦✉ ♣✉❧❧ ❞♦✇♥ ❬t❤❡
✐♥✢♦✇ ♦❢ ❡♥❡r❣②❪ ❛t t❤❡ ❜❡❣✐♥♥✐♥❣ ♦❢ ❜r❡❛t❤✐♥❣✱ ❬✇❤✐❧❡❪ ❤♦✇❧✐♥❣ ❞❡s✐r❡s ♦❢
❡✈❡♥ ❜❡❝♦♠✐♥❣ s♦❢t Śus.n.a ✳✳✳
✶ ✹✳✸✵✳✶✹ ❆♥❞ t❤♦✉ ❞✐❞ ❞r✐✈❡ ♦✛ Śambara ✖ t❤❡ ♠♦st r❡❧❛t❡❞ t♦ ❛ ❢❛♠✐❧②
❞❡♠♦♥ ✖ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ♠❛ss② ❦♥♦tt② ♦♥❡✳
✷ ✷✳✶✷✳✶✶ ❲❤♦ ❞✉r✐♥❣ ❢♦rt✐❡t❤ ❛✉t✉♠♥ ❢♦✉♥❞ r❡s✐❞✐♥❣ ✐♥ t❤❡ ♠♦✉♥t❛✐♥s
Śambara❀
❖t❤❡r ♥❛♠❡❞ ❞❡♠♦♥s ✶✷✸

✭✐♥t❡r♣r❡t❡❞ ❤❡r❡ ❛s ✏t❛❦✐♥❣ ❝♦♠♠❛♥❞✐♥❣ ♣♦s✐t✐♦♥s ✐♥ ♦♥❡✬s ♣❡rs♦♥✲

❛❧✐t②✑ ✇❤✐❝❤ ❢❛❝t ♦♥❡ ♠✐❣❤t s♦♠❡t✐♠❡s r❡❛❧✐③❡ ❛t ❛❣❡ ❢♦rt② ♦r ♦❧❞❡r✮
❛♥❞ ❤❛s ♥✐♥❡t② ♥✐♥❡ ✇❛❧❧s✴str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞s
✸ ♦r ❡✈❡♥ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞s t❤♦✉✲
✹ ✺ ✻
s❛♥❞s ♦❢ t❤❡♠ ✖ ❛❧❧ ♦❢ ✇❤✐❝❤ Indra ♦✈❡r❝♦♠❡s ✱ ♣✐❡r❝❡s ✱ t❡❛rs
✼ ✽ ✾
t♦ ♣✐❡❝❡s ✱ ❞✐s♣❡rs❡s ✱ ♦r ❞❡s♦❧❛t❡s ✱ ❜r✐♥❣s Śambara ❞♦✇♥ ❢r♦♠ ❛
❝♦♠♠❛♥❞✐♥❣ ♣♦s✐t✐♦♥ ✭❂ ♠♦✉♥t❛✐♥✮
✶✵ ✱ ❛♥❞ ♠❛❦❡s ❤✐♠ s✉❜❥❡❝t t♦
✶✶ ✶✷
❛ ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡r ✱ ♦r s❧❛②s ❤✐♠ ✳

❖t❤❡r ♥❛♠❡❞ ❞❡♠♦♥s

❙❛✈❛❣❡ Árbuda✶ ✐s ✭♣r♦❜❛❜❧②✮ ❛ ❞❡♠♦♥ ✇❤✐❝❤ ♣❡rs♦♥✐✜❡s t❤❡ ❢❡❛r
❛r✐s✐♥❣ ❢r♦♠ ❢❛❝✐♥❣ s♦♠❡t❤✐♥❣ ♠✉❝❤ ❜✐❣❣❡r ✐♥ s✐③❡ t❤❛♥ ♦♥❡✬s ♦✇♥
❜♦❞② ♦r ♠✉❝❤ str♦♥❣❡r ✐♥ s♦♠❡ ✇❛②
✷ ✖ Indra ❢♦r❝❡s ❤✐♠ ❞♦✇♥ ✱
✸
✹ ✺
♦✈❡rt❤r♦✇s ❤✐♠ ✱ ♦r ♣✐❡r❝❡s ❤✐♠ ✇✐t❤ ❢r♦st✴✐❝✐❝❧❡ ✳
✻
❉❡♠♦♥ Námuci✱ ✐t s❡❡♠s✱ ✐♠♣♦s❡s ✐♥❤✐❜✐t✐♦♥s ✱ ❝❛♥ ♣♦ss❡ss t❤❡
✼
♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❢r❛♠❡ ❝♦❣♥✐t✐♦♥ ❢♦r ✇❤✐❝❤ ❤❡ ✜❣❤ts ✐♥ ✇❤✐❝❤ ❝❛s❡ ❤❡ ❜❡✲

✸ ✶✳✺✹✳✻ t❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ ♠❛❦❡ ♥✐♥❡t② ♥✐♥❡ ✇❛❧❧s ❬♦❢ Śambara❪ t♦ tr✐❝❦ ❬❤✐♠❪✳
✷✳✶✾✳✻ ❋♦r Divodāsa Indra ❞❡s♦❧❛t❡❞ ♥✐♥❡t② ♥✐♥❡ str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞s ♦❢ Śambara
✹ ✻✳✷✻✳✺ ❲❤❡♥ t❤♦✉ t❡❛r t♦ ♣✐❡❝❡s ❤✉♥❞r❡❞s t❤♦✉s❛♥❞s ❬str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞s❪✱ t❤♦✉
✇✐❧❧ t❤r♦✇ ❞♦✇♥ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ♠♦✉♥t❛✐♥ t❤❡ ❞❡♠♦♥ Śambara
✺ ✼✳✶✾✳✺ ❚❤♦s❡ t❤② ❝♦♥tr✐✈❛♥❝❡s ✳✳✳ ✇❤❡♥ ✐♥ ❛♥ ✐♥st❛♥❝❡ t❤♦✉ ❞✐❞ ♦✈❡r❝♦♠❡
♥✐♥❡t② ♥✐♥❡ ✇❛❧❧s ❬♦❢ Śambara❪ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞t❤ ❛t t❤❡ ❡♥❝❛♠♣✲
♠❡♥t✦
✻ ✷✳✶✹✳✻ ❲❤♦ ❛ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ✖ ♠❛♥② ✖ ♦❢ Śambara✬s str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞s ♣✐❡r❝❡❞ ❬♦♣❡♥❪
❛s ✐❢ ✇✐t❤ ❛ r♦❝❦
✼ ✻✳✷✻✳✺ ❲❤❡♥ t❤♦✉ t❡❛r t♦ ♣✐❡❝❡s ❤✉♥❞r❡❞s t❤♦✉s❛♥❞s ❬str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞s❪✱t❤♦✉
✇✐❧❧ t❤r♦✇ ❞♦✇♥ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ♠♦✉♥t❛✐♥ t❤❡ ❞❡♠♦♥ Śambara
✽ ✻✳✹✼✳✷ ❬Indra✱❪ ✇❤♦ s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ ❞✐s♣❡rs❡❞ ♠❛♥② ❝♦♥tr✐✈❛♥❝❡s ❛♥❞ ♥✐♥❡t②
♥✐♥❡ ✇❛❧❧s ♦❢ Śambara
✾ ✷✳✶✾✳✻ ❋♦r Divodāsa Indra ❞❡s♦❧❛t❡❞ ♥✐♥❡t② ♥✐♥❡ str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞s ♦❢ Śambara✳
✶✵ ✶✳✶✸✵✳✽ ❋♦r Atithigva ❤❡✱ ❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s✱ ❜r♦✉❣❤t ❞♦✇♥ Śambara ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ♠♦✉♥✲
t❛✐♥✱ ✈✐❣♦r♦✉s❧② ✐♠♣❛rt✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♣r✐③❡s ♦❢ ❬t❤❛t❪ ♠✐❣❤t② ♦♥❡
✻✳✷✻✳✺ ❲❤❡♥ t❤♦✉ t❡❛r t♦ ♣✐❡❝❡s ❤✉♥❞r❡❞s t❤♦✉s❛♥❞s ❬str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞s❪✱ t❤♦✉
✇✐❧❧ t❤r♦✇ ❞♦✇♥ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ♠♦✉♥t❛✐♥ t❤❡ ❞❡♠♦♥ Śambara
✶✶ ✻✳✹✸✳✶ ■♥ ✇❤♦s❡ r❛♣t✉r❡ t❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ ♠❛❦❡Śambara s✉❜❥❡❝t t♦ Divodāsa✱ t❤❛t
Soma✱ ❜❡✐♥❣ s✉❝❤✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❬✐s❪ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❢♦r t❤❡❡✳
✶✷ ✻✳✹✼✳✷✶ ❤❡✱ ❛♣♣❡❛r✐♥❣ ❛s ❛ ❜✉❧❧✱ ❞✐❞ s❧❛② t✇♦ ❤❛❣❣❧✐♥❣ ✜❡♥❞s ❛t t❤❡ ❡♥❝❧♦s✉r❡
♦❢ ✇❛t❡rs ✖ Varcin ❛♥❞ Śambara✳
✶ ✽✳✸✳✶✾ ❬t❤♦✉ ❞✐❞ s♣✉r♥❪ ♦✉t s❛✈❛❣❡ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❢r❛♠❡ ❬✐❞❡❛s ❛♥❞
♣❡r❝❡♣t✐♦♥❪ Arbuda
✷ ✽✳✸✷✳✸ ❉❡❣r❛❞❡ t❤❡ ✉❧t✐♠❛t❡ ♦❢ Arbuda ✖ t❤❡ ❤❡✐❣❤t ♦❢ ❬❤✐s❪ ♠❛ss② ❬❜♦❞②❪✦
✸ ✷✳✶✹✳✹ ✇❤♦ ❤❛s ❢♦r❝❡❞ ❞♦✇♥ Arbuda
✹ ✷✳✶✶✳✷✵ ❇❡❝♦♠✐♥❣ str♦♥❣❡r✱ ❤❡ ♦✈❡rt❤r❡✇ Arbuda
✺ ✽✳✸✷✳✷✻ ❤❡ ♣✐❡r❝❡❞ Arbuda ✇✐t❤ ❢r♦st✴✐❝✐❝❧❡
✻ ✺✳✸✵✳✼ ❬t❤♦✉❪ ❡❛s✐❧② ❞✐s♣❡rs❡ ✐♥❤✐❜✐t✐♦♥s ✖ ✐♥ t❤✐s ❝❛s❡✱ t❤❡ ❤❡❛❞ ♦❢ ❞❡♠♦♥
Namuci✱ t❤❛t t❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ❝❛✉s❡❞ t♦ ✇❤✐r❧
✼ ✶✵✳✼✸✳✼ ❚❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ✇❛r❞❡❞ ♦✛ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ ❛ ✜❣❤t✐♥❣ s♣✐r✐t Namuci✱ ❬t❤✉s❪ ♠❛❦✲
✶✷✹ ❊♥❡♠✐❡s ♦❢ Indra

❝♦♠❡s ❛ tr✐❝❦st❡r✳ Indra ✽

♠❛❦❡s ❤✐♠ t♦ ♣✉❧❧ ✐♥ ✱ ♦r s❧❛②s
✾ Námuci✱
♦r ❝❛✉s❡s ❤✐s ❤❡❛❞ t♦ ✇❤✐r❧
✶✵ ✭♣r♦❜❛❜❧② ♠❡❛♥s ✏t♦ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❞✐s♦r✐✲
✶✶
❡♥t❡❞✑✮ ♦r t♦ t✉r♥ ✉♣ ✳
Pı́pru ✐s ❛ ❣✉✐❞✐♥❣ s♣✐r✐t✱ ❤❡ ❤❛s t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❢r❛♠❡ ❝♦❣♥✐t✐♦♥✶✷ ✳
❍❡ s✇❡❧❧s ❧✐❦❡ ❛ s♥❛❦❡
✶✸ ❛♥❞ ❤②♣♥♦t✐③❡s ❧✐❦❡ ❛ s♥❛❦❡✶✹ ✱ ❛♥❞ ✐s ✉♥✲
✶✺
❝♦♥str❛✐♥❡❞ ✳ Pı́pru ❤❛s str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞s ♦r ♠❛ss✐✈❡ ✇❛❧❧s ✶✻ ✳ Indra
s❧❛②s
✶✼ ♦r ❞❡❢❡❛ts ❤✐♠✶✽ ✳
Dhúni ❛♥❞ Cúmuri ✭✏❜♦✐st❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡✑ ❛♥❞ ✏s❧♦❜❜❡r✐♥❣ ♦♥❡✑ ❄✮
❛r❡ t✇♦ ❞❡♠♦♥s ✇❤♦♠ Indra ❞❡❝❡✐✈❡s ❜② ♣✉tt✐♥❣ t❤❡♠ t♦ s❧❡❡♣ ✐♥
♦r❞❡r t♦ s❧❛② ❛♥ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡ t♦ s✉✛❡r ✇❛♥t
✶✾
❉❡♠♦♥ Varcı́n✱ ✷✵ ✱ ❤❛s
✇❤♦ ✐s ♦♥❧② ❝❤❛r❛❝t❡r✐③❡❞ ❛s ✏❤❛❣❣❧✐♥❣✑
❤✉♥❞r❡❞s✱ ♦r ❡✈❡♥ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞s ♠❡❛♥s t♦ ♦❜s❝✉r❡ ❛♥❞ r❡str✐❝t s❡♥s❡s
✷✶
✖ Indra s❧❛②s ❤✐♠ ✳
✷✷

✐♥❣ ❢♦r t❤❡ s❡❡r ❬t❤❛t❪ s❛✈❛❣❡ t♦ ❜❡ ❞❡✈♦✐❞ ♦❢ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡rs t♦ ❢r❛♠❡ ❝♦❣♥✐t✐♦♥✳
✽ ✶✳✺✸✳✼ t❤♦✉✱ ❬❛❧t❤♦✉❣❤❪ ❛t ❛ ❞✐st❛♥❝❡✱ ❝❛✉s❡ tr✐❝❦st❡r ♥❛♠❡❞ Namuci t♦ ♣✉❧❧
✐♥✳
✾ ✼✳✶✾✳✺ t❤♦✉ ❞✐❞ s❧❛② Vrtra ❛♥❞ t❤♦✉ ❞✐❞ s❧❛② Namuci
✷✳✶✹✳✺ ✇❤♦ ❬s❧❛②❡❞❪ Pipru✱ Namuci
.
✶✵ ✺✳✸✵✳✼ t❤❡ ❤❡❛❞ ♦❢ ❞❡♠♦♥ Namuci✱ t❤❛t t❤♦✉ ✳✳✳ ❤❛✈❡ ❝❛✉s❡❞ t♦ ✇❤✐r❧
✶✶ ✽✳✶✹✳✶✸ ❲✐t❤ ❢♦❛♠ ♦❢ t❤❡ ✇❛t❡rs t❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❞✐❞ ❝❛✉s❡ t❤❡ ❤❡❛❞ ♦❢
Namuci t♦ t✉r♥ ✉♣ ✖ ✇❤❡♥ t❤♦✉ ❞❡❢❡❛t❡❞ ❛❧❧ ❛❞✈❡rs❛r✐❡s✳
✶✷ ✶✵✳✶✸✽✳✸ ❍❛✈✐♥❣ ❛❝t❡❞ t❤r♦✉❣❤ Rjiśvan✱ Indra ❞✐s♣❡rs❡❞ str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞s ♦❢
Pipru✱ ♦❢ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❢r❛♠❡ ❬✐❞❡❛s ❛♥❞ ♣❡r❝❡♣t✐♦♥❪ ❣✉✐❞✐♥❣ s♣✐r✐t✳
.
✶✸ ✽✳✸✷✳✷ ✇❤♦ s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ ❞❡❢❡❛t❡❞ ✳✳✳ ✜❡♥❞✐s❤ s✇❡❧❧❡❞ ❧✐❦❡ ❛ s♥❛❦❡ Pipru
✶✹ ✻✳✷✵✳✼ ❚❤♦✉✱ s❤❛❧❧ ❧❛❝❡r❛t❡ ❛s ✐❢ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡ ♠❛ss✐✈❡ ✇❛❧❧s ♦❢
❤②♣♥♦t✐③✐♥❣ ❧✐❦❡ ❛ s♥❛❦❡ Pipru
✶✺ ✶✳✶✵✶✳✷ ❬❤✐♠✱❪ ✇❤♦ s❧❛②❡❞ ✉♥❝♦♥str❛✐♥❡❞ Pipru
✶✻ ✻✳✶✽✳✽ ❤❡✱ Indra✱ s❤❛❧❧ ♣❧✉❝❦ Cumuri ❛♥❞ Dhuni✱ Pipru✱ Śambara✱ Śusna
✖ t♦ s❤❛❦❡ str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞s✱ ❬❢♦r t❤❡♠❪ t♦ ❬❤❛✈❡❪ ❛ ❧❛✐r ♥❡✈❡r ♠♦r❡✳ ..

✶✵✳✶✸✽✳✸ Indra ❞✐s♣❡rs❡❞ str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞s ♦❢ Pipru

✶✼ ✷✳✶✹✳✺ ✇❤♦ ❬s❧❛②❡❞❪ Pipru✱ Namuci✱
✶✽ ✽✳✸✷✳✷ ✇❤♦ s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ ❞❡❢❡❛t❡❞ ✳✳✳ ✜❡♥❞✐s❤ s✇❡❧❧❡❞ ❧✐❦❡ ❛ s♥❛❦❡ Pipru
✶✾ ✷✳✶✺✳✾ ❙♣r❛②✐♥❣ Dhuni ❬❛♥❞❪ Cumuri ✇✐t❤ ❞r♦✇s✐♥❡ss t❤♦✉ s❧❛②❡❞ ❛♥ ✐♠✲
♣✉❧s❡ t♦ s✉✛❡r ✇❛♥t ✖ t❤♦✉ ❢❛✈♦✉r❡❞ ❞❡❝❡♣t✐♦♥❀
✻✳✷✵✳✶✸ Dhuni ❛♥❞ Cumuri ✇❤♦♠ t❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ♣✉t t♦ s❧❡❡♣✱ ❛r❡ ❛s❧❡❡♣✳
✼✳✶✾✳✹ t❤♦✉ ❞✐❞ ♣✉t t♦ s❧❡❡♣✱ ✐♥ ♦r❞❡r t♦ ❞❡❝❡✐✈❡✱ t❤❡ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡ t♦ s✉✛❡r ✇❛♥t✱
❬❞❡♠♦♥s❪ Cumuri ❛♥❞ Dhuni ✖ t♦ ❜❡ s❧❛✐♥ ❡❛s✐❧②✳
✷✵ ✻✳✹✼✳✷✶ ❤❡✱ ❛♣♣❡❛r✐♥❣ ❛s ❛ ❜✉❧❧✱ ❞✐❞ s❧❛② t✇♦ ❤❛❣❣❧✐♥❣ ✜❡♥❞s ❛t t❤❡ ❡♥❝❧♦s✉r❡
♦❢ ✇❛t❡rs ✖ Varcin ❛♥❞ Śambara
✷✶ ✹✳✸✵✳✶✺ ❆♥❞ t❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ❞❡str♦②❡❞ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞s✱ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞s ❜❡❧♦♥❣✐♥❣ t♦ ❞❡♠♦♥
Varcin ✖ ❬❄❪ ❬t❤❛t ❛r❡❪ ❧✐❦❡ ❢❡❧❧✐❡s ✉♣♦♥ t❤❡ ✜✈❡ ❬✇❤❡❡❧s ♦❢ s❡♥s❡s ✭❄✮❪
✷✷ ✻✳✹✼✳✷✶ ❤❡✱ ❛♣♣❡❛r✐♥❣ ❛s ❛ ❜✉❧❧✱ ❞✐❞ s❧❛② t✇♦ ❤❛❣❣❧✐♥❣ ✜❡♥❞s ❛t t❤❡ ❡♥❝❧♦s✉r❡
♦❢ ✇❛t❡rs ✖ Varcin ❛♥❞ Śambara
■♠♣✉❧s❡s t♦ s✉✛❡r ✇❛♥t ✶✷✺

■♠♣✉❧s❡s t♦ s✉✛❡r ✇❛♥t ✭dásyu✲s✮

❆♥ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡ t♦ s✉✛❡r ✇❛♥t ✐s ❛ ✢♦✇ ♦❢ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❡♥❡r❣② tr✐❣❣❡r❡❞ ❜②

❛ r❡s♦❧✈❡
✶ t♦ ♦❜t❛✐♥ s♦♠❡t❤✐♥❣ ♦♥❡ ❧❛❝❦s ❛♥❞ ❛ ❝♦♥✈✐❝t✐♦♥ t❤❛t
♦♥❡ ♥❡❡❞s ✐t ♣❡rs♦♥❛❧❧② ✖ t❤✉s ❛♠❛❧❣❛♠❛t✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❝♦♥str✉❝t ♦❢
✏❙❡❧❢ ✑ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ✐❞❡❛ t❤❛t t❤❡ ✏❙❡❧❢ ✑ ✐s ❞✐♠✐♥✐s❤❡❞ ❜② t❤❡ ❛❜s❡♥❝❡
♦❢ t❤❛t ✏s♦♠❡t❤✐♥❣✑✳ ❖♥❝❡ t❤❛t ✏s♦♠❡t❤✐♥❣✑ ✐s ♦❜t❛✐♥❡❞✱ t❤❡ ✐♠✲
♣✉❧s❡ ♠✉t❛t❡s ✐♥t♦ ❛♥ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡ t♦ s❡❝✉r❡ ❝♦♥t✐♥✉❛❧ ♣♦ss❡ss✐♦♥ ♦❢ ✐t✱
✇❤✐❝❤ s♣❛✇♥s ♦t❤❡r ✐♠♣✉❧s❡s t♦ s✉✛❡r ✇❛♥t✱ ❛♥❞ t❤✉s t❤❡ ✇❤❡❡❧ ♦❢
sam ✷
. sāra ❦❡❡♣s t✉r♥✐♥❣✳

■♠♣✉❧s❡s t♦ s✉✛❡r ✇❛♥t ♠✐❣❤t ♣♦ss❡ss ♦❢ t❤❡ ✈✐t❛❧ ♣♦✇❡r

✸ ❛♥❞
✹
♦❢ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡rs t♦ ❢r❛♠❡ ❝♦❣♥✐t✐♦♥ ❀ t❤❡② ❤❛✈❡ str❛t❛❣❡♠s ❜✉t
✺
❧❛❝❦ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥s ✱ t❤❡② ❛r❡ ✉♥t❤✐♥❦✐♥❣✱ ✉♥✐♥t❡❧❧✐❣❡♥t✱ ♦♣♣♦s❡❞
t♦ ✭s❡❧❢✲✐♠♣♦s❡❞✮ ❝♦♥str❛✐♥ts✱ ♥♦t✲♣❡r❢♦r♠✐♥❣✲❣♦♦❞✲✇♦r❦s ❀ t❤❡②
✻
✼ ✽ ✾
♠✐❣❤t ❤❛✈❡ ❝♦✉r❛❣❡ ❛♥❞ ❜❡ ❛❣❣r❡ss✐✈❡ ✳ ■♥❢❛t✉❛t✐♦♥s ♠✐❣❤t ❤❛✈❡
❜❡❡♥ ❝♦♥s✐❞❡r❡❞ t♦ ❜❡ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡s t♦ s✉✛❡r ✇❛♥t✳

Indra ❞r✐✈❡s ♣✉r✐❢②✐♥❣ ✇❛t❡rs t♦✇❛r❞s ✐♠♣✉❧s❡s t♦ s✉✛❡r ✇❛♥t✶✵ ✱

❞r✐✈❡s ✐♠♣✉❧s❡s t♦ s✉✛❡r ✇❛♥t ❜❛❝❦
✶✶ ✱ ❜❧♦✇s t❤❡♠ ♦✉t✶✷ ✱ s❤❛❦❡s

✶ ♠♦r❡ ♣r❡❝✐s❡❧②✱ rāga ❛s ❞❡✜♥❡❞ ✐♥ Pratyabhijñā s②st❡♠

✷ ❝✐r❝✉✐t ♦❢ ♠✉♥❞❛♥❡ ❡①✐st❡♥❝❡
✸ ✸✳✹✾✳✷ ✇✐❞❡❧② ❡①t❡♥❞❡❞ ❬✐♥s✐❞❡❪✱ ❤❡ ❞✐♠✐♥✐s❤❡❞ t❤❡ ✈✐t❛❧ ♣♦✇❡r ♦❢ t❤❡ ✐♠✲
♣✉❧s❡ t♦ s✉✛❡r ✇❛♥t✳
✹ ✽✳✶✹✳✶✹ ■♠♣✉❧s❡s t♦ s✉✛❡r ✇❛♥t✱ ❛tt❡♠♣t✐♥❣ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ♣♦✇❡rs t♦ ❢r❛♠❡
❬❝♦❣♥✐t✐♦♥❪ t♦ ❝r❡❡♣ ✉♣ ❬❛♥❞❪ t♦ ❜r❡❛❦ ✉♣ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥✱ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra ❞✐❞
s❤❛❦❡ ♦✛✳
✹✳✶✻✳✾ ❤❛✈✐♥❣✲♣♦✇❡rs✲t♦✲❝♦♥✜❣✉r❡✲❝♦❣♥✐t✐♦♥ ❬❜✉t❪ ❧❛❝❦✐♥❣✲❛✲❢♦r♠✉❧❛ ✐♠✲
♣✉❧s❡ t♦ s✉✛❡r ✇❛♥t ❤❛❧❧ s✉❜s✐❞❡
✺ ✶✳✶✵✹✳✺ ❲❤❡♥ t❤✐s str❛t❛❣❡♠ ♦❢ t❤❡ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡ t♦ s✉✛❡r ✇❛♥t ✇❛s ♥♦t✐❝❡❞✱
✉♥❞❡rst❛♥❞✐♥❣ ✐t✱ s❤❡ s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ r❡❧❛①❡❞ ❛s ✐❢ ❛t ❤♦♠❡✳
✻ ✶✵✳✷✷✳✽✳ ✏◆♦t✲♣❡r❢♦r♠✐♥❣✲❣♦♦❞✲✇♦r❦s ✉♥t❤✐♥❦✐♥❣ ✉♥✐♥t❡❧❧✐❣❡♥t ♦♣♣♦s❡❞ t♦
✭s❡❧❢✲✐♠♣♦s❡❞✮ ❝♦♥str❛✐♥ts ✐♠♣✉❧s❡ t♦ s✉✛❡r ✇❛♥t ✐s ❛❣❛✐♥st ✉s✳
✼ ✶✵✳✹✽✳✷ ■ ❤❛✈❡ t❛❦❡♥ ❛✇❛② ❢r♦♠ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡s t♦ s✉✛❡r ✇❛♥t ❝♦✉r❛❣❡ ❬❛♥❞❪ ✏❝♦✇✲
s❤❡❞s✑
✽ ✶✳✶✵✵✳✶✽ ❤❡✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ s❧❛✐♥ ❛❣❣r❡ss✐✈❡ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡s t♦✲s✉✛❡r✲✇❛♥t✱ s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡
♣✉❧❧❡❞ ❬t❤❡♠❪ ✐♥t♦ t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ❛rr♦✇
✾ ✼✳✶✵✹✳✷✵ ❚❤❡s❡✱ t❤❛t ❜r✐♥❣ ❞♦✇♥ ✖ ✐♥❢❛t✉❛t✐♦♥s ❧✐❦❡ t❤♦s❡ ♦❢ ❛ ❞♦❣✱ t❤❡②
❞❡s✐r❡ t♦ tr✐❝❦ Indra✱ t❤✐❡✈❡s✱ ❬Indra ✇❤♦ ✐s❪ ♥♦t✲t♦✲❜❡✲❞❡❝❡✐✈❡❞✳
✶✵ ✺✳✸✶✳✺ ❞r✐✈❡♥ ❜② Indra✱ t❤❡ ♣✉r✐❢②✐♥❣ ❬✇❛t❡rs❪ t✉r♥ t♦✇❛r❞s ✐♠♣✉❧s❡s t♦
s✉✛❡r ✇❛♥t✳
✶✶ ✺✳✸✶✳✼ ❝♦♥t✐♥✉✐♥❣ t♦ ✢② ❢♦rt❤ t❤♦✉ ❞r♦✈❡ ❜❛❝❦ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡s t♦ s✉✛❡r ✇❛♥t
✶✷ ✶✳✸✸✳✾ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t♦rs✱ t❤♦✉ ❜❧❛st❡❞ ♦✉t ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ t❤♦s❡ ♦❜✲
s❡r✈❡❞ t❤❡ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡ t♦ s✉✛❡r ✇❛♥t t♦✇❛r❞s t❤♦s❡ t❤❛t ❛r❡ ♥♦t ❜❡✐♥❣ ♦❜s❡r✈❡❞
✶✷✻ ❊♥❡♠✐❡s ♦❢ Indra

t❤❡♠ ♦✛✶✸ ✱ ❛❧t❡rs t❤❡♠✶✹ ✱ ❞✐♠✐♥✐s❤❡s t❤❡✐r ✈✐t❛❧ ♣♦✇❡r✶✺ ✱ ❞❡❣r❛❞❡s

t❤❡♠✶✻ ✱ ♦r ♣✉ts t❤❡♠ t♦ s❧❡❡♣✶✼ ✳ ❚❤❡♥ Indra s❧❛②s t❤❡♠✶✽ ✉s✐♥❣
❤✐s ♠✐♥❞✶✾ ✳ ❲❤✐❧❡ Indra str✐❦❡s✱ Agni s❝♦r❝❤❡s ✐♠♣✉❧s❡s t♦ s✉✛❡r
✇❛♥t✷✵ ✳

❉❡❢❡♥s✐✈❡♥❡ss ✭ráks.as✮ ❛♥❞ ❣✉❛r❞✐♥❣ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡s

❉❡❢❡♥s✐✈❡♥❡ss ✐s r❡s✐❞✐♥❣ ✐♥ t❤❡ ❧♦✇❡r r❡❣✐♦♥✶ ✭♣r♦❜❛❜❧②✱ t❤❡ r❡❣✐♦♥

♦❢ mūlādhāra ❝❛❦r❛✮✱ ❛♥❞ ✐s ❝♦♥s✐❞❡r❡❞ t♦ ❜❡ ❛ t♦♦❧ ♦❢ ♦t❤❡r ❡♥❡✲
♠✐❡s ✷ ♦❢ Indra✳ ■t ♠❛♥✐❢❡sts ✐ts❡❧❢ ✇✐t❤ ❣✉❛r❞✐♥❣ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡s t❤❛t ❧✐❦❡
❛ s❤✐❡❧❞ ♦❜s❝✉r❡ Indra✸ ❀ ❜❡❝♦♠✐♥❣ ✈✐❝✐♦✉s ✺ ✱ t❤❡② ♠✐❣❤t ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ✐♥✲
❤✐❜✐t✐♦♥s ✻ ✳ ❚♦ s❧❛② t❤❡♠✱ Indra ✜❣❤ts ❣✉❛r❞✐♥❣ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡s ✇✐t❤ ❛
t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✼ ✳
✶✸ ✽✳✶✹✳✶✹ ■♠♣✉❧s❡s t♦ s✉✛❡r ✇❛♥t✱ ❛tt❡♠♣t✐♥❣ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ♣♦✇❡rs t♦ ❢r❛♠❡
❬❝♦❣♥✐t✐♦♥❪ t♦ ❝r❡❡♣ ✉♣ ❬❛♥❞❪ t♦ ❜r❡❛❦ ✉♣ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥✱ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra ❞✐❞
s❤❛❦❡ ♦✛
✶✹ ✶✳✻✸✳✹ t❤♦✉✱ ✳✳✳ ❬st✐❧❧❪ ❛✇❛②✱ ❞✐❞ ❛❧t❡r ✐♠♣✉❧s❡s t♦ s✉✛❡r ✇❛♥t ❬✇❤✐❧❡ t❤❡②
✇❡r❡ st✐❧❧❪ ✐♥ ❬t❤❡✐r❪ ✇♦♠❜✳
✶✺ ✸✳✹✾✳✷ ✇✐❞❡❧② ❡①t❡♥❞❡❞ ❬✐♥s✐❞❡❪✱ ❤❡ ❞✐♠✐♥✐s❤❡❞ t❤❡ ✈✐t❛❧ ♣♦✇❡r ♦❢ t❤❡ ✐♠✲
♣✉❧s❡ t♦ s✉✛❡r ✇❛♥t✳
✶✻ ✶✳✶✵✶✳✺ Indra ✇❤♦ ❞❡❣r❛❞❡❞ ✐♥❢❡r✐♦r ❬t♦ ❤✐♠❪ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡s t♦ s✉✛❡r ✇❛♥t
✷✳✶✶✳✶✽ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❧❡❢t s✐❞❡ ❬♦❢ t❤❡ ❜♦❞②❪ t❤❡ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡ t♦ s✉✛❡r ✇❛♥t s✉❜s✐❞❡❞
✹✳✷✽✳✹ ❖ Indra✱ ❬②♦✉ ♠❛❞❡❪ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡s t♦ s✉✛❡r ✇❛♥t ❬t♦ ❜❡❪ ❧♦✇❡r t❤❛♥
❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣
✶✼ ✼✳✶✾✳✹ t❤♦✉ ❞✐❞ ♣✉t t♦ s❧❡❡♣✱ ✐♥ ♦r❞❡r t♦ ❞❡❝❡✐✈❡✱ t❤❡ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡ t♦ s✉✛❡r ✇❛♥t✱
❬❞❡♠♦♥s❪ Cumuri ❛♥❞ Dhuni ✖ t♦ ❜❡ s❧❛✐♥ ❡❛s✐❧②✳
✶✽ ✶✳✺✶✳✻ ❚❤♦✉ ♣r♦❜❛❜❧② st❡♣♣❡❞ ✐♥ t♦✇❛r❞s ❡✈❡♥ t❤❡ ♠✐❣❤t② Arbuda ✖ ❥✉st
❛s ❢r♦♠ ♦❢ ♦❧❞ t❤♦✉ ❡♠❡r❣❡❞ t♦ ❦✐❧❧ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡s t♦ s✉✛❡r ✇❛♥t✳
✸✳✸✹✳✾ ❍❛✈✐♥❣ s❧❛②❡❞ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡s t♦ s✉✛❡r ✇❛♥t✱ ❤❡ ❡♥❛❜❧❡❞ ✏❝♦♥❞✉❝t✐♥❣ ✉♣✲
✇❛r❞s✑ ❢♦r♠✳
✶✾ ✹✳✶✻✳✶✵ ❏♦✉r♥❡② ❤♦♠❡ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ♠✐♥❞ t❤❛t ✐s s❧❛②✐♥❣ t❤❡ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡✲t♦✲s✉✛❡r✲
✇❛♥t❀
✷✵ ✹✳✷✽✳✸ ■♥ ❛♥ ❡♥❝♦✉♥t❡r ❜❡❢♦r❡ t❤❡ ♥♦♦♥ Indra ❞✐❞ str✐❦❡✱ Agni ❞✐❞ s❝♦r❝❤✱
❖ Indu✱ t❤❡ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡s t♦ s✉✛❡r ✇❛♥t✳
✶ ✸✳✸✵✳✶✻ ❈✉t ❬✐t❪ ♦✛ ✐♥ t❤❡ ❧♦✇❡r r❡❣✐♦♥✱ s❤❛tt❡r ❬✐t❪✱ ♦✈❡r❝♦♠❡✱ str✐❦❡ t❤❡
❞❡❢❡♥s✐✈❡♥❡ss✱ ✳✳✳✱ ❛♥♥✐❤✐❧❛t❡ ❬✐t❪✦
✷ ✶✵✳✽✾✳✶✹ ❲❤❡♥✱ ♣r❛②✱ t❤❛t t❤② ❬♠✐ss✐❧❡❪✱ ❖ Indra✱ s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ♣❡r❝❡✐✈❛❜❧❡
s♦ t❤❛t t❤♦✉ ✇✐❧❧ ❜r❡❛❦ ✉♣ ❝r❡❡♣✐♥❣ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❞❡❢❡♥s❡s ♦❢ t❤❡ ❡✈✐❧ ♦♥❡
✸ ✻✳✷✶✳✼ ❚❤❡ s❤✐❡❧❞✹ ♦❢ ❛ ❣✉❛r❞✐♥❣ ❬✐♠♣✉❧s❡❪✱ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st✐♥❣ ✐ts❡❧❢ ❡①t❡♥s✐✈❡❧②✱
❤❛s s♣r❡❛❞ ♦✈❡r t❤❡❡✳ ❊①t❡♥❞ ❬t❤②s❡❧❢ ❪ ✇❡❧❧ ♦✈❡r ✐t✦
✺ ✶✳✶✷✾✳✶✶ ❬❜❡❪ ❛ s❧❛②❡r ♦❢ ✈✐❝✐♦✉s ❣✉❛r❞✐♥❣ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡
✻ ✶✵✳✶✺✷✳✸ ❙❤❛tt❡r ❞❡❢❡♥s✐✈❡♥❡ss✱ ❬s❤❛tt❡r❪ ✐♥❤✐❜✐t✐♦♥s✦
✼ ✻✳✹✺✳✶✽ P✉t t❤❡ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t ✐♥t♦ ❤❛♥❞s t♦ s❧❛② ❣✉❛r❞✐♥❣ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡s
✻✳✷✶✳✼ ❇② ✉s✐♥❣ t❤② ❛♥❝✐❡♥t s✉✐t❛❜❧❡ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥ ✖ t❤❡ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t ✖ r❡✲
♠♦✈❡ s✉❝❤ ❬s❤✐❡❧❞s❪
✼✳✶✵✹✳✷✶ ❤❡ ❝♦♠❡s ✉♥t♦ ❣✉❛r❞✐♥❣ ❬✐♠♣✉❧s❡s❪ ❛s ✐❢ ❜r❡❛❦✐♥❣ ❞❡❢❡♥s✐✈❡ ❢♦r♠❛✲
t✐♦♥✳
❖t❤❡r ❡♥❡♠✐❡s ✶✷✼

❖t❤❡r ❡♥❡♠✐❡s
▼❛♥② ❡♥❡♠✐❡s ♦❢ Indra ❛r❡ ♦♥❧② ♠❡♥t✐♦♥❡❞ ✐♥ ♣❛ss✐♥❣✱ ❜✉t ✐t ✐s st✐❧❧
✐♥str✉❝t✐✈❡ t♦ ❧✐st t❤❡♠✳

❚❤✐rt② t❤♦✉s❛♥❞s ❞❡♠♦♥s

✽❀ Dānu✱ s❤❡ ✇❤♦s❡ s♦♥ ✐s Vr.tra✾ ✱
✇❤♦ ✐s ✐♥t❡r♣r❡t❡❞ ❤❡r❡ ❛s t❤❡ ♣❡r♠✐ss✐✈❡♥❡ss✱ ♦r ❛✈♦✐❞✐♥❣ ❛ ❝❤❛❧✲

❧❡♥❣❡✱ ✇❤♦s❡ ✇❡❛♣♦♥ ✐s ❧✐❦❡❧② ❝❛r❡❧❡ss♥❡ss ❛♥❞ ❤❡❡❞❧❡ss ❧✐❜❡r❛❧✲

✐t②❀ t❤❡ ❉❛✇♥ ❛s ❛ ❝♦♥t❡♠♣❧❛t✐♥❣✲❤❛r♠ ❢❡♠❛❧❡

✶✵ ✱ ❣✉✐❞✐♥❣ s♣✐r✐t

Svarbhānu✶✶ ✇❤♦s❡ ✇❡❛♣♦♥ ✐s ♠❡♥t❛❧ ✐♥❡rt✐❛❀ ❛♥①✐❡t✐❡s

✶✷ ✱ ❛❧❧✲

❝♦♥s✉♠✐♥❣ ❢❡❛rs
✶✸ ✱ ❡♥♠✐t✐❡s
✶✹ ✱ ❤♦❧❞✐♥❣ ❜❛❝❦ ✈✐s✐♦♥s
✶✺ ✱ t✇♦ ✐♥♥❡r✲

♠♦st r❡s✐st✐♥❣ ♦♥❡s

✶✻ ✱ ♥✉♠❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡s ✇❤♦✱ ❬✇❤✐❧❡❪ ♥♦t ❜❡✐♥❣ ♦❜✲

s❡r✈❡❞✱ ❛r❡ ❝❛✉s✐♥❣ ❣r❡❛t ❡✈✐❧

✶✼ ✱ ♠❛❦✐♥❣ ❞✐✈❡r❣✐♥❣ st❛t❡♠❡♥ts ♦♥❡s✱

t❤♦s❡ ✇❤♦s❡ s♣❡❡❝❤ ✐s ✐♥s✉❧t✐♥❣✱ ❛♥❞ ♠❛♥② t❤♦✉s❛♥❞s ✐♥❝✐t✐♥❣ r❡❛❝✲

t✐✈❡ ✐♠♣✉❧s✐✈❡♥❡ss ♦♥❡s

✶✽ ❛r❡ ♠❡♥t✐♦♥❡❞✳

Indra ❛❧s♦ ❞❡str♦②s ♠✉❧t✐♣❧❡ str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞s

✶✾ ✱ ✇❤✐❝❤ ❤❡r❡ ❛r❡ ✐♥✲

t❡r♣r❡t❡❞ ❛s str♦♥❣ ❜❡❧✐❡❢s✱ ❝♦♥✈✐❝t✐♦♥s✱ ❛♥❞ ❤❛❜✐ts✳

❆♠♦♥❣ ❤✉♠❛♥s ❡♥❡♠✐❡s ♦❢ Indra ❛r❡ ♥✐❣❣❛r❞s

✷✵ ✱ ♠❛❧✐❣♥❛♥t

s♦r❝❡r❡rs
✷✶ ✱ t❤♦s❡ ✇❤♦ ❝♦♥t❡♠♣❧❛t❡ ♦r ✐♥t❡♥❞ ❤❛r♠ t♦ Indra ✇♦r✲

✽ ✹✳✸✵✳✷✶ ■♥ ♦r❞❡r t♦ ❞❡❝❡✐✈❡✱ ❤❡ ♣✉t t♦ s❧❡❡♣ ✇✐t❤ ❜❧♦✇s t❤✐rt② t❤♦✉s❛♥❞s

❞❡♠♦♥s ✖ ❬❤❡✱❪ Indra ✉s✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❢r❛♠❡ ❬❝♦❣♥✐t✐♦♥❪✳
✾ ✶✳✸✷✳✾ ❙❤❡✱ ✇❤♦s❡ s♦♥ ✐s Vrtra✱ ❜❡❝❛♠❡ ❧♦✇ ♦♥ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❛♥❞ ❜♦❞✐❧② ✈✐❣♦✉r✱
Indra ❜r♦✉❣❤t ❞♦✇♥ ❤❡r ❞❡str✉❝t✐✈❡ ✇❡❛♣♦♥
.
✶✵ ✷✳✶✺✳✻ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t ❤❡ ❜r♦❦❡ ✐♥t♦ ♣✐❡❝❡s t❤❡ ❝❛rt ♦❢ t❤❡ ❉❛✇♥
❤❡✇✐♥❣ ✐♥❛❝t✐✈❡ ♦♥❡s t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ✢❡❡t✐♥❣ ♦♥❡s✳
✹✳✸✵✳✽ ✇❤❡♥ t❤♦✉ ❤❛❞ t♦ ❞❡❢❡❛t ❝♦♥t❡♠♣❧❛t✐♥❣✲❤❛r♠ ❢❡♠❛❧❡✱ t❤❡ ❞❛✉❣❤t❡r
♦❢ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥✳
✹✳✸✵✳✾ ❚❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❤❛❞ t♦ s❤❛tt❡r t❤❡ ❞❛✉❣❤t❡r ♦❢ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥✱ ❬t❤♦✉✱❪
♠✐❣❤t②✱ ❬❤❛❞ t♦ s❤❛tt❡r❪ t❤❡ ❤✐❣❤✲s♣✐r✐t❡❞ ❉❛✇♥✳
✶✶ ✺✳✹✵✳✺ ❲❤❡♥ ♦♥❡ ♦❢ ❣✉✐❞✐♥❣ s♣✐r✐ts ✖ Svarbhānu ✖ t❛✐♥t❡❞ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ s✉♥✱
✇✐t❤ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ✐♥❡rt✐❛
✶✷ ✹✳✷✷✳✾ ❈❛❧♠ ❞♦✇♥ ❡❛s②✲t♦✲r❡♣r❡ss ❛♥①✐❡t✐❡s
✶✸ ✼✳✶✵✹✳✶ ❙tr✐❦❡✱ r❡♠♦✈❡✱ ♣✉t t♦ r❡st ❛❧❧✲❝♦♥s✉♠✐♥❣ ❢❡❛rs✦
✶✳✷✶✳✺ ▼❛② ❛❧❧✲❝♦♥s✉♠✐♥❣ ❢❡❛rs ❜❡ ✇✐t❤♦✉t ♣r♦❣❡♥②✦
✶✹ ✼✳✶✵✹✳✶ ❈r✉s❤✱ ❜✉r♥ ❞♦✇♥ ❧❛❝❦✐♥❣ ♣❡r❝❡♣t✐✈❡♥❡ss ❡♥♠✐t✐❡s✦
✶✺ ✶✵✳✶✸✸✳✸ ❆❧❧ ❤♦❧❞✐♥❣ ❬✉s❪ ❜❛❝❦ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ t❡♥❞✐♥❣ ✉♣✇❛r❞s ♦♥❡ ✈✐s✐♦♥s s❤❛❧❧
❝♦♠❡ t♦ ♥♦t❤✐♥❣✳
✶✻ ✶✵✳✼✸✳✻ t❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ s❧❛②❡❞ ❛t t❤❡ s❛♠❡ t✐♠❡ t✇♦ ✐♥♥❡r♠♦st r❡s✐st✐♥❣ ♦♥❡s
✶✼ ✷✳✶✷✳✶✵ ❲❤♦ str✐❦❡s ✇✐t❤ ❛♥ ❛rr♦✇ t❤♦s❡ ♥✉♠❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡s ✇❤♦✱ ❬✇❤✐❧❡❪ ♥♦t
❜❡✐♥❣ ♦❜s❡r✈❡❞✱ ❛r❡ ❝❛✉s✐♥❣ ❣r❡❛t ❡✈✐❧
✶✽ ✶✵✳✷✸✳✺ ❲❤♦ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ s♣❡❡❝❤ ❤❛s s❧❛②❡❞ ♠❛❦✐♥❣ ❞✐✈❡r❣✐♥❣ st❛t❡♠❡♥ts✱
❬❞❡♠♦♥s❪ ✇❤♦s❡ s♣❡❡❝❤ ✐s ✐♥s✉❧t✐♥❣✱ ♠❛♥② t❤♦✉s❛♥❞s ✐♥❝✐t✐♥❣ r❡❛❝t✐✈❡ ✐♠✲
♣✉❧s✐✈❡♥❡ss ❬♠❡♥t❛❧ ❞❡❢❡♥s❡s❪
✶✾ ✽✳✾✼✳✶✹ ❚❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❬❛r❡❪ ♣❛②✐♥❣ ❛tt❡♥t✐♦♥ t♦ str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞s ✐♥ ♦r❞❡r t♦
✈✐❣♦r♦✉s❧② ❝❛✉s❡ t❤❡♠ t♦ ✈❛♥✐s❤
✶✵✳✹✼✳✹ ❬❙✐♥❝❡ ✇❡ ❤❛✈❡ ❦♥♦✇♥ t❤❡❡ ❛s❪ ❛s ❛ ❜r❡❛❦❡r ♦❢ str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞s
✶✵✳✶✸✽✳✹ ❍❡✱ ❝❤❛❧❧❡♥❣❡❞✱ ❞✐s♣❡rs❡❞ ❬②❡t❪ ✉♥❝❤❛❧❧❡♥❣❡❞ ❬str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞s❪
✷✵ ✻✳✸✾✳✶ ❯s✐♥❣ ✉tt❡r❛♥❝❡s Indra s❤❛❧❧ ✇❛❣❡ ✇❛r ❛❣❛✐♥st ♥✐❣❣❛r❞s✳
✷✶ ✸✳✸✵✳✶✺ ▼❛❧✐❣♥❛♥t ♠♦rt❛❧ s♦r❝❡r❡rs✱ ❞❡❝❡✐t❢✉❧ ♣❡❧t❛st❛s ❬❛r❡❪ t♦ ❜❡ s❧❛②❡❞✦
✶✷✽ ❚❡❝❤♥✐q✉❡s
s❤✐♣❡rs ✱ ♦r ❛❝t✉❛❧❧② ❛tt❛❝❦ t❤❡♠ ✱ t❤♦s❡ ✇❤♦ ❛r❡ ❤♦st✐❧❡ t♦ ❢♦r✲
✷✷ ✷✸
♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥s ✱ ✇❤♦ ❜r✐♥❣ ❛ ❝✉rs❡✱ ♦r ❛r❡ t♦♦ ❞❡❢❡♥s✐✈❡ ✱ ❛♥❞ ❛ ❢❡✇
✷✹ ✷✺
♠❡♥t✐♦♥❡❞ ❜② ♥❛♠❡ ✖ Dr.bhı̄ka ✱ Uran.a ✱ Rudhikrā ✱ ❡t❝✳
✷✻ ✷✼ ✷✽

❚❡❝❤♥✐q✉❡s
❚❤❡r❡ ❛r❡ s❡✈❡r❛❧ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ♠❡♥t✐♦♥s ♦❢ ✈❛r✐♦✉s t❡❝❤♥✐q✉❡s ♦r ❝♦♥✲
❞✐t✐♦♥s ❢♦r t❤❡♠ t❤❛t ❛❞❡♣ts ♦❢ Indra ✉s❡ ✐♥ tr❛✐♥✐♥❣ ❛♥❞ ❞✉r✐♥❣
❡♠♣❧♦②♠❡♥t ♦❢ t❤❡ st❛t❡ Indra ✐♥ ♦r❞❡r t♦ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st✱ t♦ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥✱
❛♥❞ t♦ ♠❛❣♥✐❢② ❤✐s ✈❛r✐♦✉s ❛s♣❡❝ts✳ ❍♦✇❡✈❡r✱ ♥♦♥❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ t❡❝❤✲
♥✐q✉❡s ❛r❡ ❞❡s❝r✐❜❡❞ ✐♥ s✉✣❝✐❡♥t ❞❡t❛✐❧s t♦ ❧❡❛r♥ t❤❡♠✳ ❚❤❡r❡❢♦r❡✱
❛♥ ❛tt❡♠♣t ✇❛s ♠❛❞❡ t♦ r❡❝♦♥str✉❝t s♦♠❡ ♦❢ t❤❡♠ ❜② ❜♦rr♦✇✐♥❣
❢r♦♠ ❧❛t❡r ❞❡s❝r✐♣t✐♦♥s ✐♥ ✈❛r✐♦✉s ②♦❣✐❝ tr❛❞✐t✐♦♥s ❛♥❞ ❢r♦♠ ♣❡rs♦♥❛❧
❡①♣❡r✐♠❡♥t❛t✐♦♥✳ ❍♦✇❡✈❡r✱ ♠♦st ♦❢ ✇❤❛t ❢♦❧❧♦✇s ✐♥ t❤✐s s❡❝t✐♦♥ ✐s
❥✉st ❛ ❧✐st ♦❢ ❤✐♥ts ❢♦r ❛♥❞ ❝❤❛r❛❝t❡r✐st✐❝s ♦❢ t❡❝❤♥✐q✉❡s ✉s❡❞ ❜②
❛❞❡♣ts ♦❢ Indra✳
❈♦♥❝❡♣t✐♦♥s
❆ ❝♦♥❝❡♣t✐♦♥ ✭manı̄s.ā✮ ✐s ❛♥ ❡ss❡♥t✐❛❧ ❜❛❝❦❣r♦✉♥❞ ❢♦r ✈❛r✐♦✉s ✈✐s✉✲
❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥s ✭dhı̄✲s✮✶ ❛♥❞ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥s ✭brahman✷✲s✮✱ ❛♥❞ ♣r♦✈✐❞❡s ✇❛②s
t♦ ✉♥❞❡rst❛♥❞ ❛s♣❡❝ts ❛♥❞ ❝r✐t✐❝❛❧ ♣♦✐♥ts ♦❢ Indra ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❛✲
✷✷ ✶✵✳✶✵✹✳✼ ♦✈❡r❝♦♠✐♥❣ t❤♦s❡ ✇❤♦ ✐♥t❡♥❞ t♦ ❤✉rt
✶✵✳✶✽✵✳✸ ❚❤♦✉ ♣✉s❤❡❞ ❛✇❛② ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❤♦st✐❧❡ ✐♥t❡♥t✐♦♥s ♣❡rs♦♥
✶✵✳✶✸✸✳✸ ❚❤♦✉ ✇✐❧❧ s❤♦♦t ❞❡❛❞❧② ✇❡❛♣♦♥ ❛t t❤❡ ❡♥❡♠② ✇❤♦ s❡❡❦ t♦ ❤✉rt ✉s
✶✵✳✶✸✹✳✷ ▲♦♦s❡♥ t❤❡ r❡s♦❧✈❡ ♦❢ ❝♦♥t❡♠♣❧❛t✐♥❣✲❤❛r♠ ♠♦rt❛❧✦
✹✳✷✷✳✾ str✐❦❡ ♦✛ t❤❡ ❞❡❛❞❧② ✇❡❛♣♦♥ ♦❢ ❡❛❣❡r t♦ ❛tt❛❝❦ ♠♦rt❛❧
✶✵✳✶✸✹✳✷ ▼❛❦❡ ✉♥❞❡r t❤❡ ❢❡❡t ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ✇♦✉❧❞ s❡t ❤✐s ❛✐♠ ♦♥ ✉s✦
✷✸ ✽✳✾✻✳✶✺ Indra ✇✐t❤ Br.haspati ❛s ❛ ②♦❦❡✲♠❛t❡ ❤❛s ♦✈❡r♣♦✇❡r❡❞ ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤✐♥❣✲
t♦✲❛tt❛❝❦ ❝❧❛♥s ❬t❤❛t ✇❡r❡❪ ✇✐t❤♦✉t deva✲s✳ ✽✳✻✹✳✺ ❊✈❡♥ ❤✐♠ ✖ t❤❡ r✉❣❣❡❞
✏♠♦✉♥t❛✐♥✑✱ ❬✇❤♦ ✇❛s❪ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ✜❣❤t❡rs✱ ❬✇❤♦ ✇❛s❪ ♣♦s✲
s❡ss✐♥❣ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞ ❬tr✐❝❦s❪✖ t❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ❝r✉s❤❡❞ ❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ ♣r❛✐s❡rs✳
✷✳✸✵✳✽ ❏✉st t❤❛t ♦♥❡ ❬✇❤♦ ✐s❪ ❞❡❢②✐♥❣ ❬✉s❪✱ ✇✐❡❧❞✐♥❣ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝♦♥tr♦❧✱ Indra
s❧❛②s✱ ❬❤✐♠✱❪ ✇❤♦ r❡s❡♠❜❧❡s ❛ ❜✉❧❧ ✖ ♦♥❡ ♦❢ Śan
. d.ika✲s✳
✷✹ ✸✳✸✵✳✶✼ ❙❤♦♦t ❜✉r♥✐♥❣ ♠✐ss✐❧❡ ❛✐♠❡❞ ❛t ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ✐s ❤♦st✐❧❡ t♦ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥s✦
✷✺ ✼✳✾✹✳✶✷ ❏✉st s✉❝❤ ❞♦ ②♦✉ t✇♦ ❬Indra✕Agni✱❪ ❬str✐❦❡❪ ❬t❤❛t❪ ♠♦rt❛❧ ✇❤♦
❬❜r✐♥❣s❪ ❛ ❝✉rs❡✱ ✇❤♦ ❧❡❛r♥❡❞ ♣♦♦r❧②✱ ✇❤♦ ✐s t♦♦ ❞❡❢❡♥s✐✈❡✦
✷✻ ✷✳✶✹✳✸ ❲❤♦ ❤❛s s❧❛②❡❞ Dr.bhı̄ka
✷✼ ✷✳✶✹✳✹ Uran
❲❤♦ ❤❛s s❧❛②❡❞ .a
✷✽ ✷✳✶✹✳✺ ✇❤♦ ❬s❧❛②❡❞❪ Rudhikrā
✶ ✽✳✺✷✳✾ Pr✐♦r ✉♥❞❡rst❛♥❞✐♥❣ ✐s ♣r❛✐s❡❞❀ ❞♦ ②❡ ❬♥♦✇❪ ✉tt❡r ❛ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥ ❢♦r
Indra✦
✻✳✸✻✳✷ t♦ s❧❛② Vr.tra✱ t❤❡② ❛❧s♦ ❜r✐♥❣ ✉♣ t❤❡ ✉♥❞❡rst❛♥❞✐♥❣✳
✷ ✶✳✻✷✳✶✶ ❈♦♥❝❡♣t✐♦♥s t♦✉❝❤ t❤❡❡ ✳✳✳ ❛s ❞❡s✐r✐♥❣ ♠✐str❡ss❡s ❬t♦✉❝❤❪ ❞❡s✐r♦✉s
❤✉s❜❛♥❞✳
❈♦♥❝❡♣t✐♦♥s ✶✷✾

t✐♦♥✳ ❚❤❡r❡ ❛r❡ ♠❛♥② r❡❧❛t❡❞ t♦ Indra ❝♦♥❝❡♣t✐♦♥s

✸ ❛♥❞ s♦♠❡
✹
♠❛② ❜❡ ❜❡tt❡r t❤❛♥ ♦t❤❡rs ✳ ❆ ❝♦♥❝❡♣t✐♦♥ ✐s ♥♦t r❡str❛✐♥✐♥❣ In-
dra ❛♥❞ ✐s ✇✐❞❡✲r❛♥❣✐♥❣ ✱ ❛♣♣❡❛❧✐♥❣ t♦ Marut✲s ✼ ✱ ✉s✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❤❡❛rt
✺ ✻
❛♥❞ t❤❡ ♠✐♥❞
✽ ❛♥❞ ❛❧❧ ❢❛❝❡ts ♦❢ ❧✐❢❡✾ ❀ t❤✉s r❡✇❛r❞s ♦❢ Indra ♠❛♥✲
✶✵
✐❢❡st❛t✐♦♥ ❛r❡ ✏♦✈❡r ❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣ ❧✐❦❡ t❤❡ ❧✐❣❤t✑ ✳ Indra ✐s t❤♦✉❣❤t
♦❢ ❛s ❢r❡❡ ♦❢ ❝♦♥❢✉s✐♦♥ ❛♥❞ ❞♦✉❜ts
✶✶ ✶✷
✱ ②❡t ❜r✐♥❣✐♥❣ ❜❛❧❛♥❝❡ ✳ ❆
❝♦♥❝❡♣t✐♦♥ s❡✐③❡s t❤❡ ♠✐♥❞
✶✸ ✱ ♠❛❦❡s ❞❡❝❡♣t✐♦♥s s✉❜❥❡❝t t♦ ❛♥❛❧②✲
s✐s
✶✹ ✱ ❡♠♣❧♦②s tr✉t❤✶✺ ✱ ❛♥❞ ♣r❡♣❛r❡s ❛✐♠ ❢♦r Indra✶✻ ✳ ■t ♠✐❣❤t ❜❡
❞❡s✐❣♥❡❞ t♦ ♦❜t❛✐♥ ✏t❤❡ ✐♥♥❛t❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡✑ ✭♠✉❝❤ ❤✐❣❤❡r t❤❡♥ ✉s✉❛❧
❧❡✈❡❧ ♦❢ ❛❞r❡♥❛❧✐♥❡ ✐♥ t❤❡ ❜❧♦♦❞✮
✶✼ ✳ ❙♦♠❡ ♠❡♥t✐♦♥❡❞ ❝♦♥❝❡♣t✐♦♥s

✸ ✽✳✺✷✳✾ ▼❛♥② ✇✐❞❡✲r❛♥❣✐♥❣ ❬❝♦♥❝❡♣t✐♦♥s❪ ♦❢ .rta ❤❛✈❡ ❢♦✉♥❞ t❤❡✐r ✇❛② ❬t♦
Indra❪
✹ ✶✳✺✹✳✽ ❯♥❡q✉❛❧❡❞ ❝♦♥❝❡♣t✐♦♥ ❬♠❡❛♥s❪ ✉♥❡q✉❛❧❡❞ s✉♣r❡♠❛❝②✳
✺ ✶✵✳✷✼✳✺ ❚❤❡② ❝❡rt❛✐♥❧② ❞♦ ♥♦t r❡str❛✐♥ ♠❡ ✐♥ ❛ s❛❝r✐✜❝✐❛❧ ❡♥❝❧♦s✉r❡✱ ♥❡✐t❤❡r
❬❞♦ ♠♦✉♥t❛✐♥s r❡str❛✐♥ ♠❡❪✳
✼✳✸✶✳✶✶ ❚❤❡②✱ ❢❛❝✐❧✐t❛t✐♥❣ ❝♦♥t❡♠♣❧❛t✐♦♥s✱ ❞♦ ♥♦t ❞✐♠✐♥✐s❤ ❤✐s s♣❤❡r❡s ♦❢
❛❝t✐♦♥✳
✻ ✽✳✺✷✳✾ ▼❛♥② ✇✐❞❡✲r❛♥❣✐♥❣ ❬❝♦♥❝❡♣t✐♦♥s❪ ♦❢ rta ❤❛✈❡ ❢♦✉♥❞ t❤❡✐r ✇❛② ❬t♦
Indra❪
.
✼ ✽✳✼✻✳✻ ❯s✐♥❣ ♣r✐♦r ♠❛♥✐❝ t❤♦✉❣❤t ✇❡ ❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥ Indra ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜②
Marut✲s t♦ ❞r✐♥❦ t❤✐s Soma✳
✽ ✶✳✻✶✳✷ ❋♦r Indra ❬✐s❪ ❬t❤✐s❪ ❝♦♥❝❡♣t✐♦♥ ❬✇❤✐❝❤ ✐s❪ ✉s✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❤❡❛rt ❬❛♥❞❪ t❤❡
♠✐♥❞✳
✾ ✽✳✺✶✳✹ ❤❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❝❛❧❧ ♦✉t t♦ ❛❧❧ t❤❡s❡ ❢❛❝❡ts ♦❢ ❧✐❢❡❀ ♦♥❧② ❛❢t❡r t❤❛t ♦♥❡ s❤❛❧❧
♠❛♥✐❢❡st ♠❛♥❧② str❡♥❣t❤✳
✶✵ ✽✳✷✹✳✷✶ ❲❤♦s❡ s❛t✐s❢❛❝t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❬❤✐s❪ ❞❡s✐r❡ ❬✐s❪ t♦ s♣❛♥ ❬❛❧❧ ❢❛❝❡ts ♦❢ ❧✐❢❡❪ ❧✐❦❡
❬❤✐s❪ ❝♦✉♥t❧❡ss ❞❡❡❞s ♦❢ ✈❛❧♦r✱ ❬❤✐s❪ r❡✇❛r❞ ✐s ♦✈❡r ❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣ ❧✐❦❡ t❤❡ ❧✐❣❤t✳
✶✶ ✻✳✶✽✳✽ ❍❡✱ ✇❤♦ ✇✐❧❧ ♥♦t ❜❡ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❡❞ ♥❡✐t❤❡r ❛s ❛ ♣❡rs♦♥ ✐♥ ❝♦♥❢✉s✐♦♥ ♥♦r
❛s ♦♥❡ ❤♦❧❞✐♥❣ t✇♦ ❞✐✛❡r❡♥t ❬♦♣✐♥✐♦♥s❪✱ ✇❤♦s❡ ♠❛♥♥❡r ❬♦❢ t❤✐♥❦✐♥❣❪ ✐s ❛
r❡s✉❧t ♦❢ ❛ ❢♦rt❤✇✐t❤ ❝♦♥t❡♠♣❧❛t✐♦♥
✽✳✷✹✳✷✹ ❙✐♥❝❡ t❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ✉♥❞❡rst♦♦❞ ❤♦✇ t♦ ❛✈♦✐❞ ❝❛❧❛♠✐t✐❡s✱ ❖
t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲✐♥✲❤❛♥❞ ♦♥❡✱ ❞❛②✲❛❢t❡r✲❞❛② ❬t❤♦✉ ❛r❡❪ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ t♦ ❜❡ ❢r❡❡ ♦❢
❞♦✉❜ts ❛s ❬t❤♦✉ ❛r❡ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ t♦ ❜❡ ❢r❡❡❪ ♦❢ tr❛♣s✳
✶✷ ✶✳✶✼✺✳✻ t❤♦✉ ❤❛s ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❬❢♦r ♠❡❪ ❥✉st ❜❛❧❛♥❝✐♥❣❀
✶✸ ✼✳✷✹✳✷ ❚❤❡ ♠✐♥❞ ✐s s❡✐③❡❞ ❢♦r t❤❡❡✱ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ Soma ❬✐s❪ t✇✐❝❡✲s✇♦❧❧❡♥✱ t❤✐s
✇❡❧❧✲t✇✐st❡❞ r❡♣❡❛t❡❞❧② ✐♥✈♦❦✐♥❣ Indra ❝♦♥❝❡♣t✐♦♥✱ ✐ts ♥♦✉r✐s❤✐♥❣ str❡❛♠s
❞✐s❝❤❛r❣❡❞✱ ❝❛rr✐❡s ♦✛ s♣r✐♥❦❧❡❞ ❛❜♦✉t ❞r♦♣s ♦❢ ❤♦♥❡②✳
✶✹ ✻✳✷✵✳✶✸ Pr❡ss✐♥❣ ♦✉t ❬Soma❪✱ ♦♥❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❥✉st ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❡ ✇✐t❤ Soma ❞r♦♣s ❬♣❛t❤✲
✇❛②s❪ ❢♦r t❤❡❡ ✖ ❜r✐♥❣✐♥❣✲❢✉❡❧ ❬❢♦r ✐♥♥❡r Agni❪ ❞❡❝❡♣t✐♦♥ ❜❡❝♦♠❡s s✉❜❥❡❝t
t♦ ❛♥❛❧②s✐s t❤r♦✉❣❤ ❤②♠♥s ♦❢ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t✐♦♥✳
✶✺ ✽✳✺✾✳✺ ❋♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ ❣r❡❛t ❢♦rt✉♥❡ ✇❡ ❤❛✈❡ s♣♦❦❡♥ t❤❡ tr✉t❤
✶✻ ✽✳✻✾✳✶✼ t❤❡ ❛✐♠ ❢♦r ❤✐♠ ✐s ✇❡❧❧✲♣r❡♣❛r❡❞ ✇❤❡♥ t❤❡② ♠❛❦❡ ❬❤✐♠❪ t♦ t✉r♥ ❤❡r❡
✐♥ ♦r❞❡r ❬❢♦r ❤✐♠❪ t♦ ❣✐✈❡✳
✶✼ ✹✳✹✶✳✾ ❚❤❡s❡ ♠② ❝♦♥❝❡♣t✐♦♥s✱ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ t♦ ♦❜t❛✐♥ t❤❡ s✉❜st❛♥❝❡✱ ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤
Indra ❬❛♥❞❪ Varuna❀
✹✳✹✶✳✶✵ ♠❛② t❤❡②. ❛ss✐st ✇✐t❤ ♥♦✈❡❧ ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❤❡❧♣✐♥❣ t❤❡ t✇♦ ❬deva✲s❪ ✇❤♦
❤❛✈❡ ❛♣♣r♦♣r✐❛t❡ t♦ t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s t❤❡ ✐♥♥❛t❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡ ✐♥ ✉s✦
✶✸✵ ❚❡❝❤♥✐q✉❡s
❛r❡ ❞❡s✐❣♥❡❞ t♦ tr❛♥s✜① Śus.n.a✶✽ ✱ s♦♠❡ ✖ t♦ ♣❡♥❡tr❛t❡ ❞❛r❦❡♥✐♥❣
❡♠♦t✐♦♥s ✇❤✐❧❡ ♣r❡s❡r✈✐♥❣ ❡①♣❛♥s✐♦♥ ♦❢ Indra✶✾ ✳ ■t ✐s ♠❡♥t✐♦♥❡❞
t❤❛t t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t❡ ❝r❡❛t❡s ♠❡♥ ❧✐❦❡ Indra ✳
✷✵

❆ ♣❛rt✐❝✉❧❛r ❝♦♥❝❡♣t✐♦♥ r❡❧❛t❡❞ ✇✐t❤ .rta ✐s ♦✉t❧✐♥❡❞ ✐♥ ✹✳✷✸✳✽✕

✶✵ ✖ .rta ❤❛s str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞s ❛❣❛✐♥st vr . tra✲s ❛♥❞ ❛ ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢
r.ta ❞❡str♦②s t❤❡♠ ❜② ❜✉r♥✐♥❣ ✇✐t❤ ✐♥♥❡r Agni✳ ❇❡✐♥❣ ❡①t❡♥❞❡❞
.rta ♠❛❦❡s t❤❡ t✇♦ ✇♦r❧❞s ✇✐❞❡ ❛♥❞ ❞❡❡♣✱ ❝r❡❛t❡s ♠❛♥② ✇♦♥❞r♦✉s
s❝✐♥t✐❧❧❛t✐♥❣ ❢♦r♠s✱ ❛♥❞ ❝❛✉s❡s ♥♦✉r✐s❤♠❡♥ts t♦ ❛♥✐♠❛t❡ ♦♥❡ ❢♦r
❛ ❧♦♥❣ t✐♠❡✳ ❚❤❡ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡ ♦❢ .rta ✐s ♣♦✇❡r❢✉❧✱ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡
❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s✳

❋♦❝✉s✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♠✐♥❞

❲❤❛t❡✈❡r t❡❝❤♥✐q✉❡s ❛♥❞ ♠❡t❤♦❞s ❛r❡ ✉s❡❞✱ t❤❡ ✐♠♣♦rt❛♥❝❡ ♦❢ ❢♦✲
❝✉s✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♠✐♥❞ ✐s ❡♠♣❤❛s✐③❡❞ ✖ ❜❡❝❛✉s❡ ✏❢♦r ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ✐s ✉♥❞✐s✲
tr❛❝t❡❞ ♥♦ r✐✈❛❧ ❡①✐sts✑ ✳
✶

❉✉r✐♥❣ tr❛✐♥✐♥❣ t♦ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st ❛♥❞ ✇❤✐❧❡ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st✐♥❣ Indra✱ ♦♥❡✬s

✷ ❛♥❞ ❞✐r❡❝t❡❞ t♦ ♦♥❡ ❣♦❛❧ ✖ s♦♠❡t✐♠❡s
♠✐♥❞ s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡ ❝♦♥❝❡♥tr❛t❡❞
✸ ✹
❢♦r ❞❛②s ✱ s♦♠❡t✐♠❡s ♠♦r❡ t❤❛♥ ♦♥❝❡ ❛ ❞❛② ✳ ❚❤❡ ♠✐♥❞ s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡
✺ ✻
✜①❡❞ ♦♥ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t✐♥❣ ❛♥❞ ❡①t♦❧❧✐♥❣ Indra✳
❇❡❝❛✉s❡ Indra ❤❛s t❤❡ ♠♦st ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✼ ✱ ❤❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡ ♣✉t
❜❡❢♦r❡
✽ ✾
♦t❤❡r deva✲s ✐♥ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡s ✱ ❞✉r✐♥❣ Soma ❧✐❜❛t✐♦♥s ❛♥❞ ❢♦r✲

✶✽ ✶✵✳✷✷✳✶✹ ❲❤❡♥ t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤ t❤❛t ✐s ✇✐t❤♦✉t ❤❛♥❞s ❛♥❞ ❢❡❡t s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡❝♦♠❡
str♦♥❣ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❡♥❛❜❧✐♥❣ ♣♦✇❡rs ♦❢ t♦✲❜❡✲❢♦✉♥❞✲♦✉t ❬❛❞✈❛♥t❛❣❡s❪✱ t❤♦✉
❤❛s ❢✉❧❧② tr❛♥s✜①❡❞ Śus.n.a ❢r♦♠ ❧❡❢t ❬s✐❞❡ ♦❢ ❤❡❛❞❪ t♦ t❤❡ r✐❣❤t ❬s✐❞❡❪ ✖ ❢♦r
t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ ❛❣✐t❛t✐♥❣ ❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣ ❬❡♥❡r❣②❪✳
✶✾ ✶✵✳✶✶✶✳✹ ❍❡ ❤❛s ♣❡♥❡tr❛t❡❞ ❡✈❡♥ ♥✉♠❡r♦✉s ❞❛r❦❡♥✐♥❣ ❡♠♦t✐♦♥s ✇❤♦ ❤❛s
♣r❡s❡r✈❡❞ t❤❡ ❢♦✉♥❞❛t✐♦♥ ❬♦❢ Indra✬s ❡①♣❛♥s✐♦♥❪ ✇✐t❤ ❬❝♦♥str❛✐♥ts ♦❢❪ t❤❡
r❡❛❧✐t②✳
✷✵ ✶✵✳✷✾✳✹ ❲❤✐❝❤ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t❡ ❬✇♦✉❧❞ ❝r❡❛t❡❪ ♠❡♥ ❧✐❦❡ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Indra❄
✶ ✽✳✾✸✳✶✺ ❬❍❡ ✇❤♦ ✐s❪ ✉♥❞✐str❛❝t❡❞ ✖ ❬❢♦r ❤✐♠❪ ❛ r✐✈❛❧ ✇❛s ♥♦t ❜♦r♥✳
✷ ✽✳✷✳✸✼ ❲✐t❤ ❢♦❝✉s❡❞ ♠✐♥❞ ♠❛❦❡ ✜r❡ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣ t♦ t❤✐s ♦♥❡✱ ❖ priyamedha✲s✱
t♦ Indra✱✳✳
✸ ✶✳✸✸✳✶✶ ❲✐t❤ t❤❡ ♠✐♥❞ ❞✐r❡❝t❡❞ t♦ ♦♥❡ ❣♦❛❧✱ ♦✈❡r ❬s❡✈❡r❛❧❪ ❞❛②s Indra s❧❛②❡❞
❤✐♠ ✉s✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♠♦st ✈✐❣♦r♦✉s str✐❦❡ t❤❛t ❦❡❡♣s str✐❦✐♥❣✳
✹ ✽✳✶✸✳✶✸ ■ ❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥ t❤❡❡ ✇❤❡♥ s✉♥ ✐s r✐s✐♥❣✱ ■ ❝❛❧❧ ❬✉♣♦♥ t❤❡❡❪ ❛t ♠✐❞❞❛②❀
✺ ✶✵✳✶✹✼✳✹ ❥✉st ❤❡ s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ ❡♥❥♦②❡❞ ❛ ✇❡❧❧✲♠❛✐♥t❛✐♥❡❞ tr❡❛s✉r❡ ✇❤♦ ❡❛✲
❣❡r❧② ✜①❡❞ ❬❤✐s❪ ♠✐♥❞ ♦♥ ❤✐s ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t✐♦♥
✻ ✶✵✳✶✵✹✳✹ t❤❡②✱ ✇❤♦ str✐✈❡ ❡❛r♥❡st❧②✱ ❬✇❤♦ ❛r❡❪ ❛s❝❡rt❛✐♥✐♥❣ rta✱ ♦❜t❛✐♥✐♥❣
♠❡♥t❛❧ ❛♥❞ ❜♦❞✐❧② ✈✐❣♦✉r t❤❛t ✐♥ ♠❛♥✬s r❡s✐❞❡♥❝❡ ❬✐s❪ ❣r❛♥t✐♥❣ .
♦✛s♣r✐♥❣s✱
t❤❡②✱ ❢❡❛st✐♥❣ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s✱ ❦❡♣t ❡①t♦❧❧✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡❡❪
✼ ✽✳✹✵✳✷ ✇❡ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡ ❥✉st t♦ Indra ❛s ❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♠♦st ♣♦✇❡r✲t♦✲❝❤❛♥❣❡ ♠❛♥
♦❢ ❬❛❧❧❪ ♠❡♥✳
✽ ✺✳✽✻✳✺ ❬❚❤❡s❡❪ t✇♦✱ ❬Indra ❬❛♥❞❪ Agni✱❪ ✐♥❞❡❡❞ ❞❡s❡r✈✐♥❣ ❬❛tt❡♥t✐♦♥❪ ♦♥❡s✱ ■
♣❧❛❝❡ ❜❡❢♦r❡ ❬♦t❤❡rs❪✳
✾ ✽✳✻✳✹✹✲✹✺ ❆♠♦♥❣ ✐♥s♣✐r✐♥❣ ♦♥❡s ❬✐t ✐s❪ ❥✉st Indra ❬✇❤♦♠❪ ❛ ♠♦rt❛❧ s❤❛❧❧
❱✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥s ✶✸✶

♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥s ✶✵ ❀ ❞✉r✐♥❣ ❛❧❧ t❤❡s❡ ❛❝t✐✈✐t✐❡s ❛❧❧ ❡✛♦rts s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡ ❞✐r❡❝t❡❞

t♦✇❛r❞s ♠❛♥✐❢❡st✐♥❣ ❛♥❞ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥✐♥❣ Indra✶✶ ✳

❱✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥s
❱✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥s ❛r❡ ✐♠♣♦rt❛♥t ❛♥❞ ♣♦t❡♥t ❝♦♠♣♦♥❡♥ts ♦❢ ❛♥② Indra
❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥✶ ✳ ❱✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥s ❝❛♥ ❜❡ ✉s❡❞ t♦ ❝❛♣t✉r❡ ❛tt❡♥t✐♦♥✷ ✱ t♦
♠♦t✐✈❛t❡✸ ✱ t♦ ❤❛r♥❡ss t❤❡ ♠✐♥❞✹ ✱ ♠❛❦❡ ✐t ✐♥✲t✉♥❡ ✇✐t❤ ❛ str❡❛♠ ♦❢
❝♦❤❡r❡♥❝❡✺ ✱ ♠❛❦❡ ✐t t♦ ❞❡❧✐❜❡r❛t❡✻ ✳ ❱✐s✐♦♥s ❝❛♥ ❡♥❡r❣✐③❡ ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡rs✼ ✱

❝❤♦♦s❡ ✇❤❡♥ ♥♦✉r✐s❤✐♥❣ ❞r✐♥❦ ❬✐s ♣r❡♣❛r❡❞❪✱❬✐❢ ❤❡ ✐s❪ ✇✐s❤✐♥❣ t♦ ❛❝q✉✐r❡

Indra ❛s ❛♥ ❛✐❞✱ s♦ t❤❛t t❤❡ t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♠✉❝❤✲❡✉❧♦❣✐③❡❞✲❜②✲priyamedha✲s
♦♥❡s ✇♦✉❧❞ ❝♦♥✈❡② t❤❡❡ ✇❤♦ ✐s ❝♦♠✐♥❣ ❤✐t❤❡r✇❛r❞ ❢♦r ❛ ❞r✐♥❦ ♦❢ Soma✱ ❖
♠✉❝❤✲❡✉❧♦❣✐③❡❞ ♦♥❡✦
✶✵ ✶✳✶✻✺✳✹ ❋♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥s ❬❛r❡❪ ❢♦r ♠❡✱ ❝♦♥t❡♠♣❧❛t✐♦♥s ❬❛r❡ ❢♦r ♠❡❪❀ ❢♦rt✉♥❛t❡❧②
❬❢♦r ♠❡ ❛r❡❪ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❬❞r♦♣s ♦❢ Soma❪❀ t❤❡ ❢❡r✈♦r r✐s❡s❀ t❤❡ r♦❝❦ ✐s ❜r♦✉❣❤t
❢♦rt❤ ❢♦r ♠❡✳ ❚❤❡ ✈❡rs❡s ❛s❦ ❢♦r ❬♠❡❪✱ ❧♦♥❣ ❢♦r ❬♠❡❪✳
✶✶ ✶✳✺✻✳✷ ❍✐♠ ✳✳✳ ❛♥✐♠❛t❡❞✲❜②✲❝♦♥t✐♥✉♦✉s✲❣✉✐❞❛♥❝❡ ❡✛♦rts ❬❛r❡❪ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ t♦
r❡❛❝❤ ❧✐❦❡ ❬str❡❛♠s r❡❛❝❤❪ ❛ ❧❛❦❡ ❛t t❤❡ ❝♦♥✈❡r❣❡♥❝❡ ❬♦❢ ❞♦✇♥❤✐❧❧ s❧♦♣❡s❪✳
✶ ✷✳✷✶✳✺ str✐✈✐♥❣ ❡❛r♥❡st❧② ❧❡❛r♥❡❞ ♦♥❡s ❬❛r❡❪ st✐♠✉❧❛t✐♥❣ ✈✐s✐♦♥s❀
✶✳✶✵✷✳✶ ■ ❜r✐♥❣ ❢♦rt❤ t❤✐s ♣♦t❡♥t ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ t❤❡ ♠✐❣❤t② t❤❡❡❀
✻✳✶✽✳✻ ❤❡ ✳✳✳ ✐s t♦ ❜❡ ❝❛❧❧❡❞ ✉♣♦♥ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ✈✐s✐♦♥s
✷ ✽✳✻✻✳✽ ❬❈♦♠❡❪ ❢♦rt❤ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❝❛♣t✉r✐♥❣ ❛tt❡♥t✐♦♥ ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥✦
✶✳✻✶✳✷ ❋♦r t❤❡ ♣r✐♠♦r❞✐❛❧ ♦✈❡rs❡❡r ❬♦❢ t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡❪ ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥s ❝❧❡❛♥s❡
❬t❤❡ ♠✐♥❞ ❢r♦♠ ❞✐str❛❝t✐♦♥s❪✳
✸ ✸✳✻✷✳✶✵ ❖❢ t❤❡ ✐♠♣❡❧❧❡r t❤❛t ✇❤✐❝❤ ✐s t♦ ❜❡ ♣r❡❢❡rr❡❞ ❬t♦ ❛❧❧ ❡❧s❡❪ ❧❡t ✉s
❛❝❝❡♣t ✖ t❤❡ r❛❞✐❛♥❝❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ deva ✖ ✇❤♦ ❬t❤✉s❪ ✇✐❧❧ ❝❛✉s❡ ♦✉r ✈✐s✐♦♥s t♦
❞r✐✈❡ ❬✉s❪ ♦♥✳
✸✳✻✷✳✶✶ ❲❡✱ ❡♠♣❧♦②✐♥❣ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r t❤r♦✉❣❤ ❧✐❜❡r❛❧✐t② ♦❢ deva t❤❡ ✐♠✲
♣❡❧❧❡r✱ ❛s❦ ❢♦r t❤❡ ❣✐❢t ♦❢ ❣♦♦❞ ❢♦rt✉♥❡✳
✸✳✻✷✳✶✷ ❚♦ deva✲t❤❡✲✐♠♣❡❧❧❡r ✐♥s♣✐r❡❞ ♠❡♥ ♣❛② ❤♦♠❛❣❡ ✇✐t❤ ✇❡❧❧✲t✇✐st❡❞
s❛❝r✐✜❝❡s✱ ❬t❤❡②✱❪ ❞r✐✈❡♥ ❜② t❤❡ ✈✐s✐♦♥✳
✽✳✾✾✳✸ ❲❡ ❤❛✈❡ ❡♥✈✐s✐♦♥❡❞ ❬r❡s✉❧t✐♥❣❪ ❜❡♥❡✜ts ✖ ✇❤❡♥ ❬Indra❪ ✇❛s ♠❛♥✐✲
❢❡st❡❞✱ ❬♦r❪ ✐s ❜❡✐♥❣ ✈✐❣♦r♦✉s❧② ❜♦r♥ ✖ ❛s ❛ ❣♦♦❞ ❢♦rt✉♥❡✳
✹ ✶✳✺✶✳✶✵ ❍❛r♥❡ss✐♥❣✲t❤❡✲♠✐♥❞ ❬✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥s❪ ♦❢ ❲✐♥❞ ❬❞r♦✈❡ Rodas✲❡s❪ t♦✲
✇❛r❞s t❤❡❡✱ ❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ♠❛♥❧② ♠✐♥❞s❡t✦
✽✳✶✸✳✷✻ ❇❡❝❛✉s❡ ♦❢ ❬❡①♣❡r✐❡♥❝✐♥❣❪ ❝♦❤❡r❡♥❝❡✱ ■ r❛✐s❡ ❢♦r t❤② s❛❦❡ ❤❛r♥❡ss✐♥❣
t❤❡ ♠✐♥❞ ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥✳
✺ ✽✳✻✳✽ ❲❤❡♥ t❤❡ ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥s✱ t❤❛t ❛r❡ ❬❛s ✐❢❪ ❤✐❞❞❡♥ r❡❛❧❧② ♥❡❛r ❜②✱ ♠❛♥✲
✐❢❡st t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s✱ Kan.va✲s ❬❛r❡ ✐♥✲t✉♥❡❪ ✇✐t❤ ❛ str❡❛♠ ♦❢ ❝♦❤❡r❡♥❝❡✳
✻ ✽✳✾✺✳✺ tr❛❞✐t✐♦♥❛❧ s✇❡❧❧✐♥❣ ✇✐t❤ rta ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥ ❬✇❤✐❝❤ ✐s❪ ♠❛❦✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♠✐♥❞
t♦ ❞❡❧✐❜❡r❛t❡ .
✼ ✹✳✹✶✳✽ ❚❤❡s❡ ❡♥❡r❣✐③✐♥❣ ✈✐s✐♦♥s ♦❢ ②♦✉ ❜♦t❤ ❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ ♣r♦t❡❝t✐♦♥✱
❬✈✐s✐♦♥s t❤❛t ❛r❡❪ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ ②♦✉✱ ❤❛s ❝♦♠❡ ❛s ✐❢ t♦ ❛ ❝♦♥t❡st
✶✸✷ ❚❡❝❤♥✐q✉❡s
st✐♠✉❧❛t❡ ✐♥♥❡r ✇❛t❡rs ✱ ♠❛❦❡ ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡rs str♦♥❣❡r ✱ ❛♣♣♦rt✐♦♥ t❤❡
✽ ✾
tr❡❛s✉r❡ ✱ ✐♥❞✉❝❡ ❛ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r ✳ ❱✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥s ✇❡r❡ ❛❧s♦ ✉s❡❞
✶✵ ✶✶
✐♥ ❞✐✛❡r❡♥t ❝✐r❝✉♠st❛♥❝❡s t♦ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st Indra ✱ t♦ ♦❜t❛✐♥ ❤✐s ❤❡❧♣
✶✷
❛♥❞ ❝❛r❡ ✱ ❛♥❞ t♦ ♣r❛✐s❡ ❤✐♠ ✳
✶✸ ✶✹

❱✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥s ❛r❡ ♥♦t ✜①❡❞ ✖ t❤❡② ❛r❡ ❢❛s❤✐♦♥❡❞ ❜② ✇♦r✲

s❤✐♣❡rs ✳ ❙♦♠❡ ♦❢ ♠❡♥t✐♦♥❡❞ ❝♦♠♣♦♥❡♥ts ♦❢ ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥s ❛r❡
✶✺
❛ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r ✱ t❤❡ ✈✐t❛❧ ♣♦✇❡r ✭❧✐❢❡✲❢♦r❝❡✮ ✱ Indra✬s ❡①t❡♥❞❡❞
✶✻ ✶✼

✽ ✹✳✹✶✳✺ ❙❤❡ ❬t❤❡ ✈✐s✐♦♥✱❪ ❝♦✉❧❞ ❜❡ ②✐❡❧❞✐♥❣ ❬♠✐❧❦❪ ❢♦r ✉s ❛s ✐❢ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❣♦♥❡ t♦
♣❛st✉r❡s✱ ❬s❤❡✱❪ t❤❛t ❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞ str❡❛♠s ❝♦✇✱ ✢♦♦❞✐♥❣ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ❥✉✐❝❡✳
✽✳✺✵✳✹ ❋♦r ②❡ ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥s ♦♦③❡ ✐♥❝♦♠♣❛r❛❜❧❡ ❝❛❧❧✐♥❣ ✉♣♦♥ ❬Indra❪ ❢♦r ❤❡❧♣
❬❞r♦♣s❪ ♦❢ ❤♦♥❡②✳
✼✳✾✹✳✹ ■♥ ❬t❤❡ st❛t❡ ♦❢❪ Indra✱ ✐♥ ❬t❤❡ ♣r❡s❡♥❝❡ ♦❢❪ Agni✱ ✇❡✱ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ ❤❡❧♣✱
♠❛❦❡ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❛ ✈✐s✐♦♥ ❬♦✉r❪ ❣r❡❛t r❡✈❡r❡♥❝❡ ❬❛♥❞❪ ✇❡❧❧✲t✇✐st❡❞ ❬❝♦♥❝❡♣✲
t✐♦♥❪ ❛❣✐t❛t❡ ❬✐♥ ✉s❪ ♥♦✉r✐s❤✐♥❣ str❡❛♠s✳
✽✳✹✾✳✻ ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥s ♦♦③❡ ❬✐♥♥❡r ✇❛t❡rs❪
✾ ✽✳✸✳✶ ▼❛② ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥s ❬♣❡r❢♦r♠❡❞❪ ❢♦r t❤② s❛❦❡ ❤❡❧♣ ✉s t♦ ❜❡ str♦♥❣❡r✦
✽✳✺✹✳✶ t❤❡②✱ ❬s✐♥❣❡rs ♦❢ ❡✉❧♦❣✐❡s✱❪ ✉tt❡r✐♥❣ ❥♦②❢✉❧ s♦✉♥❞s✱ ♣r♦♠♦t❡ ♦♦③✐♥❣
✇✐t❤ ❣❤❡❡ str❡♥❣t❤❀ t❤❡②✱ ❝❤❡r✐s❤✐♥❣ ❬✐t❪✱ s❤❛❧❧ ❛tt❛✐♥ ❬✐t❪ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ✈✐s✉✲
❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥s✳
✶✵ ✽✳✶✷✳✶✵ ❚❤✐s ♥❡✇ ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥✱ r❡❛❞② ❢♦r ❝♦♥❝❡✐✈✐♥❣✱ ♣r♦❝❡❡❞s ❢♦r t❤② s❛❦❡❀
❛tt❡♥❞✐♥❣ ❬t♦ t❤❡❡❪✱ ✐t✱ ❞❡❛r t♦ ♠❛♥②✱ ❥✉st ❛♣♣♦rt✐♦♥s ❬t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡❪✳
✶✶ ✽✳✶✳✶✾ ❤❡ s❤❛❧❧ s✇❡❧❧ ❤✐♠ ❬✇❤♦❪ ✇✐t❤ ❡✈❡r② ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥ ❬✐s❪ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ t❤❡ r✉s❤
♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r ❛s ✐❢ ❜❡✐♥❣ ✐♠♣❡❧❧❡❞
✻✳✹✺✳✶✷ ❯s✐♥❣ ❢❛st✲♣❛❝❡❞ ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥s✱ ❬❡♠♣❧♦②✐♥❣❪ t♦✲❜❡✲♣r❛✐s❡❞ ❤❛st✐♥❣
r✉s❤❡s ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❬❤❡❧♣❡❞❪ ❜② t❤❡❡✱ ✇❡ ✇✐♥ t❤❡ ♣r♦♣♦s❡❞ ❝♦♥t❡st✳
✶✷ ✻✳✸✽✳✸ ❋♦r ②♦✉r s❛❦❡ ✇✐t❤ s✉♣❡r✐♦r ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥✱ ✇✐t❤ ❤②♠♥s ♦❢ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛✲
t✐♦♥✱ ■ ❤❛✈❡ ❢♦✉♥❞ ♠② ✇❛② t♦✇❛r❞s ❤✐♠✱ ❜♦r♥ ❬✐♥ ♠❡❪ ❜❡❢♦r❡✱ ✉♥❞❡❝❛②✐♥❣
Indra✳
✽✳✾✸✳✶✼ ■♥ t❤✐s ♠❛♥♥❡r ✖ t❤r♦✉❣❤ ❛ ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥ ❛♥❞ ❞❡s✐r❡ ❢♦r ❝♦✇s ✳✳✳
❬✐t ✐s❪ t❤❛t t❤♦✉ ❛r❡ ♣r❡s❡♥t ❛t ❡✈❡r② Soma✲♣r❡ss✐♥❣✳
✼✳✽✸✳✽ ❉✉r✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❜❛tt❧❡ ♦❢ t❡♥ ❝❤✐❡❢t❛✐♥s✱ ②♦✉ ❞✐❞ ✇✐s❤ t♦ ❤❡❧♣✱ ❖ Indra✕
Varun . a✱ t♦ s✉rr♦✉♥❞❡❞ ♦♥ ❛❧❧ s✐❞❡s Sudās✱ s✐♥❝❡ ♣♦ss❡ss✐♥❣ ♦❢ ❛ ✈✐s✐♦♥
Tr.tsu✲s✱ t❤❡✐r ❜r❛✐❞❡❞ ❤❛✐r t✉r♥✐♥❣ ✇❤✐t❡✱ r❡✈❡r❡♥t❧② s♦✉❣❤t ❛❢t❡r ❬②♦✉ t✇♦❪
❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❛ ✈✐s✐♦♥✳
✶✸ ✼✳✾✸✳✸ ❲❤❡♥ t❤❡②✱ ✇❤♦ ♦❜t❛✐♥ t❤❡ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱ ❛rr✐✈❡ ❛t ❦♥♦✇❧❡❞❣❡✲
s❤❛r✐♥❣ s❡ss✐♦♥ ❬t❤❡②✱❪ ✐♥✇❛r❞❧② ❡①❝✐t❡❞✱ ❬❛r❡❪ ❡♥❞❡❛✈♦r✐♥❣ t♦ ♦❜t❛✐♥ ❜②
♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥s t❤❡ ❢♦r❡s❡❡✐♥❣ ❝❛r❡ ❬♦❢ Indra❪✳
✽✳✾✷✳✶✶ ▲❡t ✉s ❣♦ t♦ ✈✐s✐♦♥s ♦❢ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ✐s ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② ✈✐s✐♦♥s✱ ❬s♦ t❤❛t❪
✇✐t❤ ❬t❤❡♠ ❛s❪ ❝♦✉rs❡rs ✳✳✳ ✇❡ ❝❛♥ ✇✐♥ ✐♥ ❜❛tt❧❡s
✶✹ ✽✳✶✷✳✸✶ ❚♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥s ❛♥ ✐♥✇❛r❞❧②✲❡①❝✐t❡❞ ♦♥❡ r♦✉s❡s ❢♦r
t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Indra✱ t❤✐s ❝♦rr❡❝t❧② ❛rt✐❝✉❧❛t❡❞ ♣r❛✐s❡ ✳✳✳
✶✺ ✶✳✶✵✾✳✶ ❙✉❝❤✱ ■ ❢❛s❤✐♦♥❡❞ ❢♦r ②♦✉ t✇♦ ❡♠♣❧♦②✐♥❣✲t❤❡✲r✉s❤✲♦❢✲✈✐❣♦✉r ✈✐s✉❛❧✲
✐③❛t✐♦♥✳
✶✻ ✶✳✶✵✾✳✶ ❙✉❝❤✱ ■ ❢❛s❤✐♦♥❡❞ ❢♦r ②♦✉ t✇♦ ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥ ❡♠♣❧♦②✐♥❣ t❤❡ r✉s❤ ♦❢
✈✐❣♦✉r✳
✸✳✻✷✳✽ ❋❛✈♦✉r ❬✱❖ Pūs.an✱❪ ✈✐s✐♦♥ t❤❛t ❡♠♣❧♦②s r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r
✶✼ ✶✳✶✸✷✳✺ ■♥ ❛ ❞✐str❡ss✱ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ s♣❡❡❝❤ t❤❡② ✈✐❣♦r♦✉s❧② ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t❡ t♦ ❤✐♠
❥✉st t❤❡ ♣r♦❧✐✜❝ ✈✐t❛❧ ♣♦✇❡r✳
❱✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥s ✶✸✸

❣✉✐❞❛♥❝❡✶✽ ✱ ❜❡✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❛♥ ❡①tr❡♠❡ ❞❛♥❣❡r✶✾ ✱ s♣❡❝✐✜❝ ❧♦❝✉s ❛♥❞ s♦✉r❝❡s

♦❢ ❛tt❡♥t✐♦♥✷✵ ✱ ❝♦♥❞✉❝✐✈❡ t♦ ♣r♦❣r❡ss ♣❛t❤s ✷✶ ✱ ❛♥❞ r❡s✉❧t✐♥❣ ❢r♦♠
♠❛♥✐❢❡st❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ Indra ❜❡♥❡✜ts ✷✷ ❀ ♦t❤❡r ❝♦♠♣♦♥❡♥ts ✇✐❧❧ ❜❡ ❞❡✲
s❝r✐❜❡❞ ✐♥ s✉❜s❡❝t✐♦♥s t❤❛t ❢♦❧❧♦✇✳ ❆♥ ✐♠♣♦rt❛♥t ♣♦✐♥t ✐s t❤❛t t❤❡
s♦✉r❝❡ ♦❢ s♦♠❡ ❝♦♠♣♦♥❡♥ts ♦❢ ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥s s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡ ♣❡rs♦♥❛❧ ❡①✲
♣❡r✐❡♥❝❡s ♦❢ t❤❡ ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡r✷✸ ✳

❖♥❡ ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥ ♠❡♥t✐♦♥❡❞ ✐♥ ✽✳✻✳✷✾✕✸✵✷✹ ❝❛♥ ❜❡ ✉♥❞❡rst♦♦❞✱

✉s✐♥❣ ❛s ❛ ❤✐♥t ✈❡rs❡ ✷✹ ♦❢ Vijñānabhairava t❛♥tr❛✱ ❛s ✐♠❛❣✐♥✐♥❣
❞✉r✐♥❣ ❡❛r❧② ♠♦r♥✐♥❣✱ ♣r♦❜❛❜❧② ❞✉r✐♥❣ ♣❤②s✐♦❧♦❣✐❝❛❧ ❧♦✇✱ t❤❡ s♦✉r❝❡
♦❢ ❝♦♥tr♦❧ ❛♥❞ ❛tt❡♥t✐♦♥ t♦ ❜❡ ❧♦❝❛t❡❞ ❛❜♦✉t ✶✷ t❤✉♠❜ ✇✐❞t❤s ❛❜♦✈❡
t❤❡ t♦♣ ♦❢ t❤❡ s❦✉❧❧✱ ❞✐r❡❝t✐♥❣ ❛tt❡♥t✐♦♥ t♦ t❤❡ ❤❡❛rt ❝❛❦r❛✱ ❛♥❞
♠❡♥t❛❧❧② ❛❜s♦r❜✐♥❣ ✇❤❛t❡✈❡r ✢♦✇s ✐♥t♦ ✐t✳

✶✽ ✻✳✸✵✳✷ ❚❤❡r❡❢♦r❡ ■ ✐♠❛❣✐♥❡ ❤✐s ❡①t❡♥❞❡❞ ❣✉✐❞❛♥❝❡ ✖ ✇❤❛t ❤❡ s✉♣♣♦rts✱

♥♦♥❡ ❝✉rt❛✐❧s✳
✶✾ ✽✳✻✳✷✽ ■♥ t✇✐sts ❛♥❞ t✉r♥s ♦❢ ♠♦✉♥t❛✐♥s ❛♥❞ ✐♥ ❝♦♥✢✉❡♥❝❡ ♦❢ r✐✈❡rs ✖ ❜②
♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❬s✉❝❤❪ ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥ t❤❡ ✐♥✇❛r❞❧②✲❡①❝✐t❡❞ ♦♥❡ ✐s ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❡❞✳
✷✵ ✽✳✻✳✷✾ ❋r♦♠ t❤✐s✱ ❢r♦♠ ❬t❤✐s❪ ❤❡✐❣❤t✱ ❤❡ ✇❤♦ ✐s ❛tt❡♥t✐✈❡ ❧♦♦❦s ❞♦✇♥ ✉♣♦♥
t❤❡ s❡❛ ❞r✐♥❦✐♥❣ ❢r♦♠ ✇❤✐❝❤ ❤❡ s❤❛❦❡s ❬♦♥❡✬s ❜♦❞②❪✳
✽✳✽✵✳✼ ❆✉s♣✐❝✐♦✉s ❢♦r t❤❡❡✱ ✐t ❣♦❡s t♦✇❛r❞s t❤❡ ♣❧❛❝❡ ✇❤❡r❡ ❬t❤♦✉❪ ❝♦♠❡ ♦✉t
✖ t❤✐s ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥ ❬t❤❛t ✐s❪ r❡❛❞② ❢♦r ❝♦♥❝❡✐✈✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡❡❪✳
✷✶ ✽✳✻✽✳✶✸ ❲❡ ✐♠❛❣✐♥❡ ❛ ♣❛t❤ ✇✐❞❡ ❢♦r ❛ ❝❤❛r✐♦t✱ ✇✐❞❡ ❢♦r ♠❡♥✱ ✇✐❞❡ ❢♦r ❛♥
♦①✱ ❛r♦✉s✐♥❣ deva✲s✳
✷✷ ✽✳✾✾✳✸ ❲❡ ❤❛✈❡ ❡♥✈✐s✐♦♥❡❞ ❬r❡s✉❧t✐♥❣❪ ❜❡♥❡✜ts ✖ ✇❤❡♥ ❬Indra❪ ✇❛s ♠❛♥✐✲
❢❡st❡❞✱ ❬♦r❪ ✐s ❜❡✐♥❣ ✈✐❣♦r♦✉s❧② ❜♦r♥ ✖ ❛s ❛ ❣♦♦❞ ❢♦rt✉♥❡✳
✷✸ ✶✳✽✳✻ ▼❡♥ ✇❤♦ ♦❜t❛✐♥ ✐t ✭■♥❞r❛✬s ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✮ ❡✐t❤❡r ✐♥ ❛ ❤♦st✐❧❡ ❡♥✲
❝♦✉♥t❡r✱ ❛t ♦❜t❛✐♥♠❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤✐❧❞r❡♥✱ ♦r ❬❜❡✐♥❣❪ ✐♥✇❛r❞❧② ❡①❝✐t❡❞✱ ❬❜❡❝♦♠❡❪
s❡❡❦✐♥❣✲✐t ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥✳
✽✳✻✳✷✽ ■♥ t✇✐sts ❛♥❞ t✉r♥s ♦❢ ♠♦✉♥t❛✐♥s ❛♥❞ ✐♥ ❝♦♥✢✉❡♥❝❡ ♦❢ r✐✈❡rs t❤❡
✐♥✇❛r❞❧②✲❡①❝✐t❡❞ ♦♥❡ ✐s ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❡❞ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❛ ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥ ❬♦❢ ❜❡✐♥❣ ✐♥
❡①tr❡♠❡ ❞❛♥❣❡r❪✳
✶✳✶✵✽✳✺ ❲❤❛t ❞❡❡❞s ♦❢ ✈❛❧♦r ②♦✉ t✇♦✱ ❖ Indra ❬❛♥❞❪ Agni✱ ❤❛✈❡ ❞♦♥❡ ❛♥❞
✇❤❛t ♠❛♥❧② ❢♦r♠s ❬②♦✉ t✇♦ ❡✛❡❝t❡❞❪✱ ✇❤✐❝❤ ②♦✉r ❢♦r♠❡r ❢❡❧❧♦✇s❤✐♣s ❬✇❡r❡❪
❞❡str♦②✐♥❣ r❡❛❝t✐✈❡ ✐♠♣✉❧s✐✈❡♥❡ss ✖ ❞♦ ②♦✉ t✇♦✱ ✉s✐♥❣ ❬♠❡♠♦r✐❡s ♦❢❪ t❤♦s❡
❬❡✈❡♥ts❪✱ ❞r✐♥❦ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ Soma✦
✷✹ ✽✳✻✳✸✵ ❖♥❧② t❤❡♥ t❤❡② ❜❡❤♦❧❞ ❛♣♣❡❛r✐♥❣ ✐♥ t❤❡ ♠♦r♥✐♥❣ ❧✐❣❤t ♦❢ t❤❡ ♣r✐✲
♠♦r❞✐❛❧ s❡❡❞ ✖ ✇❤❡♥ ❤❡ ❦✐♥❞❧❡s ❬✐t❪ ♦♥ t❤❡ ♦t❤❡r s✐❞❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥✳
✽✳✻✳✷✾ ❋r♦♠ t❤✐s✱ ❢r♦♠ ❬t❤✐s❪ ❤❡✐❣❤t✱ ❤❡ ✇❤♦ ✐s ❛tt❡♥t✐✈❡ ❧♦♦❦s ❞♦✇♥ ✉♣♦♥
t❤❡ s❡❛ ❞r✐♥❦✐♥❣ ❢r♦♠ ✇❤✐❝❤ ❤❡ s❤❛❦❡s ❬♦♥❡✬s ❜♦❞②❪✳
✶✸✹ ❚❡❝❤♥✐q✉❡s
▼❡♥t❛❧ ❣❡st✉r❡s ❛♥❞ ❢❡r✈♦r
▼❡♥t❛❧ ❣❡st✉r❡s ❝❛♥ ❜❡ ❛ttr✐❜✉t❡❞ t♦ ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡rs ✱ ♦r t♦
✶ deva✲s ✷ ✱
✸
❡s♣❡❝✐❛❧❧② t♦ Indra ✇❤♦ ❝❛♥ ❡✈❡♥ ♣r♦❧♦♥❣ ❛ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❣❡st✉r❡ ✐♥ ♦r❞❡r
✹
t♦ ♣r❡✈❛✐❧ ♦✈❡r Vrtra ✳ ❙❡✈❡r❛❧ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❣❡st✉r❡s ❛r❡ ♠❡♥t✐♦♥❡❞✿
.
❞✐s♣❡rs✐♥❣ ❛ttr✐❜✉t✐♦♥ ♦❢ s✉❝❝❡ss t♦ ♦♥❡✬s s❡❧❢ ❀
✺

r❡str❛✐♥✐♥❣ ❞❡s✐r❡ ✇✐t❤♦✉t r❡str❛✐♥✐♥❣ ✐♥♥❡r ✜r❡ ❛♥❞ ❛tt❡♥❞✐♥❣ t♦ ❛

✼
r❡❝✉rr❡♥t ✈✐s✐♦♥ ♦❢ .rta ❀
Sasarparı̄ ✽ ✇❤✐❝❤ ✐s ♣r♦❜❛❜❧② s♦♠❡t❤✐♥❣ ❧✐❦❡ ❛ mahāmudra❀
❧❡tt✐♥❣ ❣♦ ✐♥ ♦r❞❡r t♦ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❧✐❦❡✲♠✐♥❞❡❞ ✇✐t❤ Indra ✾ ❀
s✉❜♠✐tt✐♥❣ ❛♥❞ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣ s❡❧❢ t♦ Indra ✇❤❡♥ r❡❛❞② ❢♦r ❛❝t✐♦♥
✶✵ ❀

❛❜st❛✐♥✐♥❣ ❢r♦♠ ❛tt❡♠♣ts t♦ r❡str✐❝t Indra✬s ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ✐♥❝r❡❛s❡ ✐♥

s✐③❡
✶✶ ❀

r❡s♦rt✐♥❣ t♦ Indra ❛♥❞ ✉r❣✐♥❣ ❤✐♠ ♦♥ ❛s ❛ ❝❤❛r✐♦t ❞✉r✐♥❣ ❜❛tt❧❡

✶✷ ❀

♣✉tt✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♠✐♥❞ ✐♥t♦ t❤❡ st❛♥❝❡ ♦❢ ✏s❡❡❦✐♥❣✑

✶✸ ❀

✇❤❡♥ s✉❝❤ st❛♥❝❡ ♦❢ ✏s❡❡❦✐♥❣✑ ✐s ❝♦♠❜✐♥❡❞ ✇✐t❤ ♣✉❧❧✐♥❣ ❞♦✇♥ ✐♥✢♦✇

♦❢ ❡♥❡r❣② ❛t t❤❡ ❜❡❣✐♥♥✐♥❣ ♦❢ ❜r❡❛t❤✐♥❣✱ ❛♥❞ ❤♦✇❧✐♥❣ ❞❡s✐r❡s ♦❢

✶ ✸✳✹✸✳✸ ■ s✉♠♠♦♥ t❤❡❡ ❛❣❛✐♥ ❛♥❞ ❛❣❛✐♥ ✇✐t❤ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❣❡st✉r❡s✱ ❬■✱❪ ❤❛✈✐♥❣
❣❤❡❡ t♦ ❞❡❧✐❣❤t ✐♥ ❛t ❛ ❞r✐♥❦✐♥❣ s✇❡❡ts ❜♦✉t✳
✸✳✹✾✳✸ ❧✐❦❡ ❣♦♦❞ ❢♦rt✉♥❡ ❞✉r✐♥❣ ❛ ❞❡❝✐s✐✈❡ ❛❝t✐♦♥✱ t♦ ❜❡ ❝❛❧❧❡❞ ✉♣♦♥ ✇✐t❤
♠❡♥t❛❧ ❣❡st✉r❡s
✷ ✻✳✹✹✳✽ deva✲s t❛❦❡ ❤♦❧❞ ♦❢ ♠✐♥❞s ❬♦❢ ❛❞❡♣ts❪ ❢♦r ❛✉s♣✐❝✐♦✉s♥❡ss❀
✸ ✷✳✶✻✳✽ ❲❡ ✇✐❧❧✐♥❣❧② r❡s♦rt t♦ t❤② ❡✛❡❝t✐✈❡ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❣❡st✉r❡s
✹ ✶✳✸✸✳✶✸ ❇② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ t❤❡ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t Indra ❝❛♠❡ ✐♥t♦ ❝♦♥t❛❝t ✇✐t❤ Vrtra✱
❤❡ ♣r♦❧♦♥❣❡❞ ❤✐s ♦✇♥ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❣❡st✉r❡ ❬t❤✉s❪ ♣r❡✈❛✐❧✐♥❣✳
✺ ✶✳✶✸✷✳✶ ❆t t❤✐s ✜r❡ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣ ✇❡ ♠✐❣❤t ❞✐s♣❡rs❡ ✇❤❛t ✇❛s ❞♦♥❡✻ ❞✉r✐♥❣ t❤❡
.

❝♦♥t❡st ✖ ❬✇❡✱❪ ❡♠♣❧♦②✐♥❣ t❤❡ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r ❞✉r✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❝♦♥t❡st ❬♠✐❣❤t
❞✐s♣❡rs❡❪ ✇❤❛t ✇❛s ❞♦♥❡✳
✼ ✸✳✸✶✳✶ ❚❤❡ ❝❛rr✐❡r s❤❛❧❧ r❡str❛✐♥ ❣r❛♥❞❞❛✉❣❤t❡r ♦❢ ❬❤✐s❪ ❞❛✉❣❤t❡r✱ ❛ ❧❡❛r♥❡❞
♦♥❡ s❤❛❧❧ r❡✈❡r❡♥t✐❛❧❧② ❛tt❡♥❞ t♦ ❛ r❡❝✉rr❡♥t ✈✐s✐♦♥ ♦❢ .rta✱ ✇❤❡r❡✐♥ t❤❡
❢❛t❤❡r✱ ❛rr❛♥❣✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♣♦✉r✐♥❣ ♦✉t ♦❢ t❤❡ ❞❛✉❣❤t❡r✱ ❤❛s s♣r✉♥❣ ❢♦r✇❛r❞
t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ❛ s❦✐❧❧❢✉❧ ♠✐♥❞✳
✽ ✸✳✺✸✳✶✺✳ ●✐✈❡♥ ❜② Jamadagni Sasarparı̄✱ ❞r✐✈✐♥❣ ❛✇❛② ✐♠♣✉❧s✐✈❡♥❡ss✱ ❤❛s
❞✐♠✐♥✐s❤❡❞ ❛♥ ❡①t❡♥s✐✈❡ ❬❛✉❞✐t♦r② ✐♠♣r❡ss✐♦♥❪❀
✾ ✹✳✷✸✳✻ ❋♦r ❛✉s♣✐❝✐♦✉s♥❡ss ♦❢ t❤❡ ❦❡❡♥✲s✐❣❤t❡❞ ♦♥❡✱ ❛❝ts ♦❢ ❧❡tt✐♥❣ ❣♦ ❛r❡ ❛
❢♦r♠ ♦❢ s✉❝❤ ❬❧✐❦❡✲♠✐♥❞❡❞♥❡ss❪✳
✶✵ ✺✳✸✻✳✻ t♦ ❤✐♠ ❧❡t ❝❧❛♥s s✉❜♠✐t ❛s ♦♥❡ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ r❡❛❞✐♥❡ss ❢♦r ❛❝t✐♦♥✳
✼✳✸✶✳✶✵ ❖✛❡r ②❡ ②♦✉rs❡❧✈❡s t♦ ②♦✉r ♠✐❣❤t②✱ ❣r❡❛t❧② str❡♥❣t❤❡♥✐♥❣ ♦♥❡✦
✻✳✷✾✳✸ ❋♦r ❛✉s♣✐❝✐♦✉s♥❡ss t❤❡②✱ ✇❤♦ ❛r❡ r❡❛❞② ❢♦r ❛❝t✐♦♥✱ ❛r❡ ❛t t❤② ❢❡❡t✳
✶✶ ✼✳✷✶✳✻ ❖♥❡ s❤❛❧❧ ♥♦t ❝♦♥t❛✐♥ t❤② ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ✐♥❝r❡❛s❡✲✐♥✲s✐③❡✱ ❬❛♥❞ ✐ts❪ r❡❣✐♦♥s✳
✶✷ ✶✵✳✷✾✳✽ ❉♦ t❤♦✉ r❡s♦rt ✖ ❛s ✐❢ t♦ ❛ ❝❤❛r✐♦t ❞✉r✐♥❣ ❜❛tt❧❡s ✖ t♦ ❬❤✐♠❪ ✇❤♦♠
t❤♦✉ ✇♦✉❧❞ ✉r❣❡ ♦♥ ✇✐t❤ ❛♥ ❛✉s♣✐❝✐♦✉s ❡✛❡❝t✐✈❡ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❣❡st✉r❡✦
✶✸ ✻✳✹✵✳✸ ❲✐t❤ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ t❤❡❡ ♠✐♥❞ ■ ♠❛❦❡ ❛♥ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣ ❛❣❛✐♥ ❛♥❞ ❛❣❛✐♥
▼❡♥t❛❧ ❣❡st✉r❡s ❛♥❞ ❢❡r✈♦r ✶✸✺
✱ ✐t ❤❡❧♣s t♦ ✜❣❤t ❞❡♠♦♥s ✳
Śus.n.a ✶✹

■t ✐s ❡♠♣❤❛s✐③❡❞ t❤❛t ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❣❡st✉r❡s s❤♦✉❧❞ ❜❡ ❡✛❡❝t✐✈❡ ❛♥❞✱ ✐♥ ✶✺

♠❛♥② ❝❛s❡s✱ ♥♦✈❡❧ ✳ ❙❡✈❡r❛❧ ❞❡s✐r❡❞ ❡✛❡❝ts ♦❢ ♣❡r❢♦r♠✐♥❣ ♠❡♥t❛❧
✶✻
❣❡st✉r❡s ❛r❡ ♠❡♥t✐♦♥❡❞✿
s❤❛♣✐♥❣ ❛♥❞ ❝♦♥✜❣✉r✐♥❣ Indra ❢♦r ❛ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❛t✐♦♥ ❀ ✶✼

✜♥❞✐♥❣ svar ❀ ✶✽

❞r❛✇✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❧✐❢❡✲❢♦r❝❡ ✳ ✶✾

Indra ♣r♦✈♦❦❡s r❛❣❡ t❤❛t ✐s ❧✐❦❡ t❤❛t ♦❢ ❛ ❜✉❧❧ ✖ ❤✐s ❛❞❡♣ts

✷✵ ✷✶
♣✉t tr✉st ✐♥t♦ ✐t ❛♥❞ ❣♦ ❛❧♦♥❣ ✇✐t❤ ✐t ✱ ✇♦rs❤✐♣ ❤✐s ❢❡r✈♦r ❛♥❞
✷✷ ✷✸ ✷✹
st✐r ❢❡r✈♦r ✐♥ t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s ✱ ❛♥❞ ❢♦st❡r t❤❡✐r ✜❣❤t✐♥❣ s♣✐r✐t ✳
✷✺ ✷✻

✶✹ ✶✳✺✹✳✺ ✐❢ ✇✐t❤ ✈✐❣♦r♦✉s t✉r♥❡❞✲t♦✇❛r❞s✲t❤❡✲❢r♦♥t ♠✐♥❞ t❤♦✉ ♣✉❧❧ ❞♦✇♥ ❬t❤❡

✐♥✢♦✇ ♦❢ ❡♥❡r❣②❪ ❛t t❤❡ ❜❡❣✐♥♥✐♥❣ ♦❢ ❜r❡❛t❤✐♥❣✱ ❬✇❤✐❧❡❪ ❤♦✇❧✐♥❣ ❞❡s✐r❡s ♦❢
❡✈❡♥ ❜❡❝♦♠✐♥❣ s♦❢t Śus.n.a✱ ✭✐❢ t❤♦✉ ✇❡r❡ t♦ ❞♦ ❬✐t❪ ♥♦✇ ✐♥❞❡❡❞✮✱ ✇❤♦ ❬❛♠♦♥❣
❞❡♠♦♥s ✇♦✉❧❞ ❜❡❪ ❛r♦✉♥❞ t❤❡❡❄
✶✺ ✺✳✸✸✳✶ ❬■✱❪ ✇❤♦ ❛t ♦❜t❛✐♥✐♥❣ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r ❬♣❡r❢♦r♠❪ ❢♦r ❤✐♠ ❛♥ ❡✛❡❝t✐✈❡
♠❡♥t❛❧ ❣❡st✉r❡
✼✳✸✶✳✶✵ P❡r❢♦r♠ ❛♥ ❡✛❡❝t✐✈❡ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❣❡st✉r❡ ❢♦r t❤❡ ❢♦r❡s✐❣❤t❡❞ ♦♥❡✦
✻✳✺✼✳✺ ❚❤❛t ♦❢ Pūs.an✱ ❛♥❞ ♦❢ Indra ✖ ❛♥ ❡✛❡❝t✐✈❡ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❣❡st✉r❡ ✇❡ t❛❦❡
❤♦❧❞ ♦❢ ❧✐❦❡ ❛ ❜r❛♥❝❤ ♦❢ ❛ tr❡❡✳
✶✻ ✶✵✳✽✾✳✶✼ ♠❛② ✇❡ ✜♥❞ ❢♦r t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❜❡✐♥❣✲♦❢✲✉s❡ ♥♦✈❡❧ ❡✛❡❝t✐✈❡ ♠❡♥t❛❧
❣❡st✉r❡s✦
✽✳✺✶✳✺ ❙✐♥❝❡ ✇❡ ❤❛✈❡ ❢♦✉♥❞ ♥♦✈❡❧ ❡✛❡❝t✐✈❡ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❣❡st✉r❡ ❢♦r t❤✐s ♦♥❡✱ ✇❡
♠✐❣❤t s❡t ♦✉t t♦ r✐❝❤✲✐♥✲❝♦✇s ❡♥❝❧♦s✉r❡✳
✶✵✳✶✻✵✳✺ ❆❝t✐♥❣ ❛❝❝♦r❞✐♥❣ t♦ ♥❡✇ ❡✛❡❝t✐✈❡ ❢♦r t❤❡❡ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❣❡st✉r❡✱ ✇❡
❤❛♣♣✐❧② ❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥ t❤❡❡
✶✼ ✹✳✸✷✳✶✺ ▲❡t t❤❡ ❤②♠♥ ♦❢ ♣r❛✐s❡ ❞r❛✇ ♥❡❛r t❤❡❡ ♦❢ ♦✉r ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❣❡st✉r❡s✱ ❖
Indra✦
✼✳✶✵✹✳✻ ❖ Indra ❛♥❞ Soma✱ t❤✐s ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❣❡st✉r❡ s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ ❝♦♥t❛✐♥❡❞ ②♦✉
❜♦t❤ ♦♥ ❛❧❧ s✐❞❡s ❥✉st ❧✐❦❡ ❛ ❣✐r❞❧❡ ❬✇♦✉❧❞❪ t✇♦ s♣✐r✐t❡❞ st❛❧❧✐♦♥s✳
✽✳✺✶✳✸ ❞♦ t❤♦✉ s♣❡❛❦ t♦ t❤❛t Indra ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ♥♦✈❡❧ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❣❡st✉r❡ t♦
❡♥❥♦② ❬❤✐♠❪ ❛s ♥♦♥✲✐♥❥✉r✐♥❣ ♦♥❡
✶✽ ✶✵✳✹✸✳✶ ▼② ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❣❡st✉r❡s ✖ ✜♥❞✐♥❣✲svar✱ ❛❧❧ ❞✐r❡❝t❡❞ t♦ t❤❡ s❛♠❡ ❬❣♦❛❧❪✱
❡❛❣❡r ✖ ❤❛✈❡ ❢♦✉♥❞ t❤❡✐r ✇❛② t♦ Indra✳
✶✾ ✽✳✻✳✸✸ ❆♥❞ ❜② t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t❡✱ ✇❡✱ ✐♥✇❛r❞❧②✲❡①❝✐t❡❞✱ ✳✳✳ ❞✐❞ ❢❛s❤✐♦♥
✐t ✐♥ ♦r❞❡r t♦ ❧✐✈❡✳
✷✵ ✶✳✺✹✳✹ ❚❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ ♣r♦✈♦❦❡ r❛❣❡ ❛t t❤❡ s✉♠♠✐t ♦❢ t❤❡ ✈❛st ❍❡❛✈❡♥✱✳✳
✷✶ ✶✳✶✸✶✳✷ ❙✐♥❝❡ ❛t ❛❧❧ ♣r❡ss✐♥❣s ♦♥❡ ❜r✐♥❣s t♦ ❢♦r❡ t❤❡❡✱ ❬✐t ✐s t❤❡❡✱❪ ♦♥❡ ❛♥❞
t❤❡ s❛♠❡✱ ❬✇❡✱❪ ✇❤♦ ❤❛✈❡ t❤❡ r❛❣❡ ♦❢ ❛ ❜✉❧❧✱ ❬❜r✐♥❣ t♦ ❢♦r❡❪ s❡♣❛r❛t❡❧②✱
s❡♣❛r❛t❡❧② s❡❡❦✐♥❣ t♦ ♦❜t❛✐♥ svàr✳
✷✷ ✶✵✳✶✹✼✳✶ ■ ♣✉t tr✉st ✐♥t♦ t❤② ♣r✐♠❛❧ r❛❣❡✳
✷✸ ✺✳✸✵✳✷ ❡♥❞❡❛✈♦r✐♥❣✱ ■ ✇❡♥t ❛❧♦♥❣ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ✇r❛t❤ ♦❢ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ♠❛❦❡s ✐♠♣❛❝t
✷✹ ✽✳✾✻✳✽ ✇❡ ✇♦rs❤✐♣ t❤② ❢❡r✈♦r ❤❡r❡ ✇✐t❤ ❛♥ ♦❜❧❛t✐♦♥
✷✺ ✷✳✶✼✳✸ ◆♦✇✱ t❤♦✉ ♠❛❞❡ t❤❡ ♣r✐♠❛r② ❛s♣❡❝t ♦❢ ✈❛❧♦r ❛♠♣❧❡ ✇❤❡♥ ❛❤❡❛❞ ♦❢
✐t t❤♦✉ st✐rr❡❞ ✉♣ t❤❡ ❢❡r✈♦r ✇✐t❤ ❛ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥✳
✷✻ ✶✳✻✳✽ ❬t❤②✱ ♥♦✈✐❝❡✬s❪ ♣♦ss❡ss✐♥❣ ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ str❡♥❣t❤ ✜❣❤t✐♥❣ s♣✐r✐t ❬✇✐❧❧❪
s❤✐♥❡ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ❢❛✉❧t❧❡ss ❞✐r❡❝t❡❞ t♦✇❛r❞s t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ❛♠✐❛❜❧❡ tr♦♦♣s✳
✶✸✻ ❚❡❝❤♥✐q✉❡s
❋♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥s ❛♥❞ ✜r❡ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣s
✶
❋♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥s ✭bráhman✲s✮ ❛r❡ ❝❛r❡❢✉❧❧② ❝r❛❢t❡❞ ✳ ❲♦r❞s ♦r ✉tt❡r✲
❛♥❝❡s ❛r✐s✐♥❣ ✉♥❞❡r s♣❡❝✐❛❧ ❝✐r❝✉♠st❛♥❝❡s ♠✐❣❤t ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❛ ♥❡✇ ❢♦r✲
✷
♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥ ❀ ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥s ❝❛♥ ❜❡ ❛♥ ✐♥str✉♠❡♥t ❢♦r ❢❛s❤✐♦♥✐♥❣ ❛
✸
♥♦✈❡❧ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛ ✳ ❚❤❡ ❡♠♣❤❛s✐s ♣✉t ♦♥ ❝r❡❛t✐♥❣ ♥❡✇ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥s
✹
♠✐❣❤t ❜❡ ❛ s✐❣♥ t❤❛t ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥s ♠✐❣❤t ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❧❡ss ❡✛❡❝t✐✈❡ ❛❢t❡r
♠❛♥②
✺ ❛♣♣❧✐❝❛t✐♦♥s✱ ♦r ♥♦t ❜❡✐♥❣ s✉✐t❛❜❧❡ t♦ s♦♠❡ ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡rs ✻ ✳

❆♥♦t❤❡r r❡❛s♦♥ ❢♦r ❛ ✈❛r✐❡t② ♦❢ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥s ✐s t❤❛t t❤❡② ♠✐❣❤t

❜❡ s❤❛r♣❡♥❡❞ ❢♦r ♣❛rt✐❝✉❧❛r ❛♣♣❧✐❝❛t✐♦♥s✳ ❆ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛ ♠✐❣❤t ❜❡ ❞❡✲
✼
s✐❣♥❡❞ t♦ ✐♥✈✐❣♦r❛t❡ ❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣ ✱ t♦ ❝r❡❛t❡ ❛ ♣r❡s❡♥t✐♠❡♥t ✱ t♦ ♣r❡✲
✽
✾
♣❛r❡ ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡r ❢♦r ❛ ✜❣❤t✐♥❣ ♠❛t❝❤ ✱ t♦ s❤❛r♣❡♥ ❤✐s ❡♥❡r❣✐❡s ♦❢ t❤❡
✶✵ ✶✶
♠✐♥❞ ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ❜♦❞② ✱ t♦ ❤❛r♥❡ss ✏t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s✑ ✱ ♦r t♦ ♦❜t❛✐♥
❣♦♦❞ ❣✉✐❞❛♥❝❡
✶✷ ✱ t♦ ♦❜t❛✐♥ r✐❝❤❡s ♦r ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ♣r❡❡♠✐♥❡♥t t❤r♦✉❣❤
✶✸
❜❡♥❡✈♦❧❡♥❝❡ ✐♥ t❤♦✉❣❤t ✳ ❆ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛ ♠✐❣❤t ❜❡ ❞❡s✐❣♥❡❞ t♦ ❜r✐♥❣

✶ ✹✳✶✻✳✷✵ ✳✳✳ ❢♦r Indra ✇❡ ♠❛❞❡ ❛ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥ ❧✐❦❡ Bhr.gu✲s ❬♠❛❦❡❪ ❛ ❝❤❛r✐♦t
✺✳✷✾✳✶✺ ▲✐❦❡ ❧♦✈❡❧② ✇❡❧❧✲♠❛❞❡ ❣❛r♠❡♥ts✱ ❧✐❦❡ ❛♥ ✐♥t❡❧❧✐❣❡♥t ❛rt✐✜❝❡r ✖ ❛
❝❤❛r✐♦t✱ ■✱ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ ✇❤❛t✬s ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧✱ ❢♦r♠❡❞ ✐♥ ♠✐♥❞
✷ ✸✳✹✶✳✸ ❚❤❡s❡ ❬✇♦r❞s❪ ❛r❡ ❡✛❡❝t❡❞ ❛s ❛ s❛❝r❡❞ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛
❬t❤✐s ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥❪✳
✻✳✸✺✳✶ ❲❤❡♥ ✇✐❧❧ t❤♦s❡ ❬✉tt❡r❛♥❝❡s❪ t❤❛t r❡s✐❞❡ ✐♥ ❛ ❝❤❛r✐♦t ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❛ ❢♦r✲
♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥❄
✸ ✹✳✶✻✳✷✶ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥ ❛ ♥♦✈❡❧ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥ ✇❛s ♠❛❞❡ ❢♦r t❤❡❡
✹ ✶✳✻✷✳✶✸ ❋♦r ❛♥❝✐❡♥t ❤❛r♥❡ss✐♥❣ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s t❤❡❡ Gotama Nodhas ❢❛s❤✐♦♥❡❞
❛ ♥❡✇ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛ ❢♦r ✉s
✹✳✶✻✳✷✶ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥ ❛ ♥♦✈❡❧ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥ ✇❛s ♠❛❞❡ ❢♦r t❤❡❡
✻✳✶✼✳✶✸ ■♥❞❡❡❞ ❬t❤❡❡❪✱ Indra✱ ✇❤♦ ❤❛s ♣❡r❢♦r♠❡❞ ❛❧❧ t❤❡s❡ ❬❞❡❡❞s❪ ✐♥ ❥✉st
t❤✐s ✇❛②✱ t❤❡ ♥❡✇ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥ s❤❛❧❧ t✉r♥ ❤❡r❡ t♦ ❤❡❧♣ ❬✉s❪✳
✶✵✳✽✾✳✸ ❞♦ t❤♦✉ ✉♥r❡♠✐tt✐♥❣❧② s❤✐♥❡ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ t❤r♦✉❣❤♦✉t t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤
✉♥❡q✉❛❧❡❞ ♥❡✇ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥ ❢♦r t❤✐s ♦♥❡
✺ ✶✳✻✶✳✶ t♦ Indra ❬■ ♦✛❡r❪ ♠♦st✲♣r❡s❡♥t❡❞✲❬t♦✲❤✐♠❪ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥s
✻ ✽✳✻✻✳✶✶ ✇❡ ✳✳✳ ♣r❡s❡♥t t♦ t❤❡❡ ❛s ❛♥ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣✱ ♦r✐❣✐♥❛❧ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥s
✽✳✾✵✳✸ ❯♥♣❛r❛❧❧❡❧❡❞ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛s ✇❡r❡ ❝r❡❛t❡❞ ❢♦r t❤❡❡
✼ ✶✳✻✶✳✹ ❬■ s❡t ✐♥ ♠♦t✐♦♥❪ ✐♥✈✐❣♦r❛t✐♥❣ ❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣ ❬❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥❪
✽ ✽✳✻✳✾ ❲❡ ♠✐❣❤t ❛tt❛✐♥✱ ❖ Indra✱✳✳ ❬t❤❛t❪ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥ ❬✇❤✐❝❤ ❝r❡❛t❡s❪ t❤❡
♣r❡s❡♥t✐♠❡♥t✳
✾ ✽✳✺✸✳✽ ■✱ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ t❤❡ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱ ❬❤❛✈❡ ♦❜t❛✐♥❡❞❪ ❛ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛ ❢♦r t❤❡❡✱
❬❛♥❞❪ ❛❧✇❛②s ❥♦✉r♥❡② t♦ ❛ ✜❣❤t✐♥❣ ♠❛t❝❤ ✇✐t❤ ❬t❤②❪ ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❤❡❧♣✐♥❣
✶✵ ✶✵✳✶✷✵✳✺ ❇② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ✉tt❡r❛♥❝❡s ■ ♠❛❦❡ t❤② ✇❡❛♣♦♥s t♦ ♠♦✈❡ q✉✐❝❦❧②✱ ❜②
♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❛ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥ ❢♦r t❤❡❡ ■ s❤❛r♣❡♥ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ❡♥❡r❣✐❡s ♦❢ t❤❡ ♠✐♥❞
❛♥❞ t❤❡ ❜♦❞②✳
✶✶ ✶✳✽✷✳✻ ❋♦r t❤❡❡ ■ ❤❛r♥❡ss ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ t❤❡ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥ t✇♦ ❤❛✐r② t❛✇♥②
♦♥❡s✳
✶✷ ✶✳✻✷✳✶✸ ❋♦r ❛♥❝✐❡♥t ❤❛r♥❡ss✐♥❣ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s t❤❡❡ Gotama Nodhas ❢❛s❤✐♦♥❡❞
❛ ♥❡✇ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛ ❢♦r ✉s t♦ ❡♥❥♦② ❛ ❣♦♦❞ ❣✉✐❞❛♥❝❡
✶✸ ✶✵✳✺✵✳✼ ❚❤♦s❡✱ ✇❤♦ ❬❛r❡❪ ♣❡r❢♦r♠✐♥❣ ❛ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥ ❢♦r t❤❡❡ ✐♥ t❤❡ ♣r❡s❡♥❝❡
♦❢ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❬Soma❪ ✐♥ ♦r❞❡r t♦ r❡❝❡✐✈❡ r✐❝❤❡s ❛♥❞ t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡✱ ✐♥ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛✲
t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ❤❡r❜ Soma✱ t❤r♦✉❣❤ t❤❡ ♣❛t❤✇❛② ♦❢ ❜❡♥❡✈♦❧❡♥❝❡
✐♥ t❤♦✉❣❤t✱ t❤❡② s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ♣r❡❡♠✐♥❡♥t✳
❋♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥s ❛♥❞ ✜r❡ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣s ✶✸✼

Indra ✶✹ ✱ t♦ ✜r❡ ❤✐♠ ✉♣✶✺ ✱ t♦ ❛❣✐t❛t❡ ❤✐♠✶✻ ✱ t♦ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥✶✼ ✱ t♦ ♠❛❦❡

❤✐♠ ❡①t❡♥s✐✈❡
✶✽ ✱ t♦ s✉♣♣♦rt✶✾ ✱ ♦r t♦ ✏♠✐❧❦✑ ❤✐♠✷✵ ✳ ■t s❡❡♠s t❤❛t
❝♦♠❜✐♥✐♥❣ ❛ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥ ✇✐t❤ r❡❝✐t✐♥❣ ✈❡rs❡s ♦r ❝❤❛♥t✐♥❣ ❜r✐♥❣s
s♦♠❡ ❛❞❞✐t✐♦♥❛❧ ❜❡♥❡✜ts
✷✶ ✳

■t ✐s ❛❧s♦ ♠❡♥t✐♦♥❡❞ t❤❛t ✇✐t❤♦✉t ❛ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥ Soma ❞♦❡s ♥♦t

❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t❡ Indra ✷✷ ✱ ❛♥❞ ❛ ✜r❡ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣ ❞♦❡s ♥♦t ♣❧❡❛s❡ ❤✐♠
✷✸ ✳

❋✐r❡ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣s ✐♥✈✐t❡ Indra ✷✹ ✱ ♣r♦✈✐❞❡ ❡①t❡♥❞❡❞ ♣❛t❤✇❛②s ❢♦r

t❤♦s❡ ✇❤♦ s❡❡❦ ❤✐♠
✷✺ t♦ ❜❡t❛❦❡ t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s t♦ ❤✐♠ ✷✻ ✱ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥
t❤❡✐r r❡✈❡r❡♥❝❡
✷✼ ❛♥❞ ❛✛♦r❞ ♣r♦t❡❝t✐♦♥s ✷✽ ✳ ❋✐r❡ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣s ❛r❡ ♠❡❛♥s
t♦ ❛tt❡♥❞ t♦ Indra
✷✾ ✱ t♦ ♣r♦♠♦t❡✸✵ ✱ ❛♥❞ t♦ ♥♦✉r✐s❤ ❤✐♠✸✶ ❀ t❤❡②
s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡ ♣❡r❢♦r♠❡❞ ✐♥ ❤❛r♠♦♥② ✇✐t❤ ❝❛❧❧❡❞✲✉♣♦♥ deva✲s ✸✷ ❛♥❞ ✇✐t❤

✶✹ ✻✳✶✼✳✶✸ ■♥❞❡❡❞ ❬t❤❡❡❪✱ Indra✱ ✇❤♦ ❤❛s ♣❡r❢♦r♠❡❞ ❛❧❧ t❤❡s❡ ❬❞❡❡❞s❪ ✐♥ ❥✉st
t❤✐s ✇❛②✱ t❤❡ ♥❡✇ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥ s❤❛❧❧ t✉r♥ ❤❡r❡ t♦ ❤❡❧♣ ❬✉s❪✳
✶✺ ✶✵✳✽✾✳✶✻ ♠❛♥② ♠❡♥✬s ♣r❡ss✐♥❣s ❛♥❞ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥s ♦❢ ❡①t♦❧❧✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡❡❪ s❡❡rs
s❤❛❧❧ ✜r❡ t❤❡❡ ✉♣
✶✻ ✼✳✷✸✳✶ ❆t ❛ ❝♦♥t❡st✱ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥s ❛❣✐t❛t❡❞ Indra ✐♥ ❛ r❛♣✐❞ s✉❝❝❡ss✐♦♥
✶✼ ✼✳✷✷✳✼ ❢♦r t❤❡❡ ■ ❝r❡❛t❡ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥✐♥❣ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥s
✽✳✻✷✳✹ ❲❡ s❤❛❧❧ ♣❡r❢♦r♠ ❢♦r t❤❡❡ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥✐♥❣ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥s ✇❤✐❝❤ t❤♦✉
✇✐❧❧ ❡♥❥♦② ❛❣❛✐♥ ❛♥❞ ❛❣❛✐♥✳
✶✽ ✶✵✳✺✵✳✹ ❇② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❛ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥ t❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❡①t❡♥s✐✈❡✱ ❛t ❡✈❡r②
♣r❡ss✐♥❣ ❬♦❢ Soma❪ t❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ✇♦rt❤②✲♦❢✲❛✲s❛❝r✐✜❝❡✳
✶✾ ✼✳✷✸✳✸ ❚♦ ❥♦✐♥ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ ✐♥s♣✐r✐♥❣ ✇♦r❞s ❝❤❛r✐♦t ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s✱
❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥s s✉♣♣♦rt ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ❤❛s ❡♥❥♦②❡❞ ❬t❤❡♠❪✳
✷✵ ✼✳✶✽✳✹ ❉❡s✐r✐♥❣ t♦ ♠✐❧❦ t❤❡❡ ❛s ✐❢ ❛ ♠✐❧❝❤✲❝♦✇ ♦♥ ❛ ❣♦♦❞ ♣❛st✉r❡✱ Vasistha
..
❧❡t ❧♦♦s❡ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥s✳
✷✶ ✶✳✽✵✳✶✻ ❲❤❛t ✈✐s✐♦♥ atharvan✱ t❤❡ ✐♥t❡❧❧✐❣❡♥t ❢❛t❤❡r✱ ❬❛♥❞❪ Dadhyac ❤❛✈❡
❡①t❡♥❞❡❞✱ ❬✐t ✐s t❤✐s ✖❪ ✐♥ ❤✐♠✱ ✐♥ Indra✱ ✜rst ♦❢ ❛❧❧✱ t❤❡ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥s ❬❛♥❞❪
r❡❝✐t❡❞ ✈❡rs❡s ❝♦♠❡ t♦❣❡t❤❡r✳
✻✳✸✽✳✸ ❋♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥ ❛♥❞ ❝❤❛♥ts ❝♦♠❜✐♥❡ ❬✇✐t❤ ❡❛❝❤ ♦t❤❡r❪ ✐♥ ❤✐♠✱ ❛♥❞ t❤❡
❣r❡❛t ❤②♠♥ ♦❢ ♣r❛✐s❡ s❤❛❧❧ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥ ❬♠❡❪ ✐♥t♦ ❬t❤❡ st❛t❡ ♦❢❪ Indra✳
✷✷ ✼✳✷✻✳✶ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❬❞r♦♣s ♦❢ Soma❪ t❤❛t ❛r❡ ✇✐t❤♦✉t ❛ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥ ❞♦ ♥♦t
❬❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t❡❪ t❤❡ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡✳ ❋♦r ❤✐♠ ❝r❡❛t❡ ❛ ✈❡rs❡ t❤❛t ❤❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❡♥❥♦②
✖ ❛ ♥❡✇ ♠❛♥❧② ♦♥❡ s♦ t❤❛t ❤❡ ✇♦✉❧❞ ❧✐st❡♥ t♦ ✉s✳
✷✸ ✶✵✳✶✵✺✳✽ ▲❛❝❦✐♥❣✲❛✲❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥ ✜r❡ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣ ❞♦❡s ♥♦t ❜② ✐ts❡❧❢ ❣✐✈❡ ♣❧❡❛s✉r❡
t♦ t❤❡❡✳
✷✹ ✶✳✶✼✸✳✶✵ t❤♦s❡ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ t❤❡ ✐♠♣❛rt✐❛❧ ♦♥❡ ❡♥❞❡❛✈♦r t♦ ❛❧❧✉r❡ ❬❤✐♠❪ ✇✐t❤ ✜r❡
♦✛❡r✐♥❣s
✷✺ ✶✳✽✸✳✺ ❲✐t❤ ✜r❡ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣s t❤❡ ♦r✐❣✐♥❛❧ atharvan ❤❛s ❡①t❡♥❞❡❞ ♣❛t❤✇❛②s ❬❢♦r
t❤♦s❡ ✇❤♦ s❡❡❦❪✳
✷✻ ✶✵✳✷✹✳✷ ❲❡ ❜❡t❛❦❡ ♦✉rs❡❧✈❡s t♦ t❤❡❡ ✇✐t❤ ✜r❡ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣s ✇✐t❤ r❡❝✐t❡❞ ✈❡rs❡s✱
✇✐t❤ ♦❜❧❛t✐♦♥s
✷✼ ✸✳✹✸✳✸ ❍❡r❡✱ t♦ ♦✉r str❡♥❣t❤❡♥✐♥❣✲t❤❡✲r❡✈❡r❡♥❝❡ ✜r❡ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣
✷✽ ✶✵✳✾✻✳✶✷ ❞❡❧✐❣❤t✐♥❣ ❛t ❛ ❞r✐♥❦✐♥❣ ❜♦✉t ✐♥ ♣♦ss❡ss✐♥❣✲t❡♥✲♣r♦t❡❝t✐♦♥s ✜r❡
♦✛❡r✐♥❣
✷✾ ✼✳✷✶✳✶ ❲❡ ❛tt❡♥❞ t♦ t❤❡❡ ✳✳✳ ✇✐t❤ ✜r❡ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣s
✸✵ ✶✳✶✼✸✳✶✶ s✉r❡❧② ❛♥② ✜r❡ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣ ❬✐s❪ ♣r♦♠♦t✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡ st❛t❡ ♦❢❪ Indra
✸✶ ✻✳✷✸✳✻ ❲❤❡♥ Soma ✐s ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞✱ ❖ ❞r✐♥❦❡r ♦❢ ♣r❡ss❡❞ ♦✉t ❬❥✉✐❝❡❪✱ ♠❛② ✇❡
♣r❡♣❛r❡ ✇❤♦❧❡s♦♠❡ ❬❛♥❞❪ ❛❣r❡❡❛❜❧❡ ♥♦✉r✐s❤♠❡♥ts ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ✜r❡ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣s
✸✷ ✻✳✻✽✳✶ ❆❝t✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❤❛r♠♦♥② ❬✇✐t❤ ❜♦t❤ ♦❢ ②♦✉✱ Indra✕Varuna✱❪ ✜r❡ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣
.
 ✶✸✽ ❚❡❝❤♥✐q✉❡s
❢♦❝✉s❡❞ ♠✐♥❞
✸✸ ❀ t❤❡② s❤❛❧❧ ❛❧s♦ ✐♥❝❧✉❞❡ ♣❡r❢♦r♠❛♥❝❡ ♦❢ ❛ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛✲
✸✹
t✐♦♥ ✳

❙✉❜t❧❡ ❜♦❞②✱ ✈✐t❛❧ ❛✐rs✱ t❤❡ s✉♥✱ ❛♥❞ ✐♥♥❡r ✇❛t❡rs

Indra ❛❝ts t❤r♦✉❣❤ ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡r✬s ✏s✉❜t❧❡ ❜♦❞②✑ ✭kóśa✮ ✳ ❚❤❡ ❢♦❧❧♦✇✲

✶
✐♥❣ ❝♦♠♣♦♥❡♥ts ♦❢ ✐t ❛r❡ ♠❡♥t✐♦♥❡❞✱ ❛❧t❤♦✉❣❤ t❤❡✐r ✐❞❡♥t✐✜❝❛t✐♦♥
❜❡❧♦✇ ✐s ❢♦r t❤❡ ♠♦st ♣❛rt s♣❡❝✉❧❛t✐✈❡✿

✏t❤❡ ❤✐❣❤❡st ♣♦✐♥t✑

✷ ✇❤✐❝❤ ✐s ❛❧s♦ t❤❡ t❤✐r❞ ❢♦♦t♣r✐♥t ♦❢ Vis.n.u ✸ ❀
s❡❛ts ♦r ❛❜♦❞❡s ♦r ✏str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞s✑ ✖ t❤❡ s❡✈❡♥ ❝❛❦r❛s✱ ♥✉♠❜❡r❡❞ ❢r♦♠
✹
t♦♣ t♦ ❜♦tt♦♠ ✱ ❛r❡ ♠❡♥t✐♦♥❡❞ ✉s✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❢♦❧❧♦✇✐♥❣ t❡r♠s✿

✖✖

✏t❤❡ s✉♠♠✐t✑ ✖ sahasrāra ✺

❝❛❦r❛ ❀

Svarn.ara ✖ ājñā ❝❛❦r❛ t✇♦ ♣❡t❛❧s ♦❢ ✇❤✐❝❤ ❛r❡ ❝❛❧❧❡❞ ✏❜❡❛✉t✐❢✉❧

✇✐♥❣s✑❀

✏t❤❡ t❤✐r❞✑ ♦r Trita ✖ t❤❡ t❤r♦❛t ❝❛❦r❛ ✭viśuddha✮❀

✏t❤❡ s❡❛✑ ♦r ✏❡♥❝❧♦s✉r❡ ♦❢ ✇❛t❡rs✑ ✖ t❤❡ ❛r❡❛ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❤❡❛rt ❝❛❦r❛

✭anāhata✮❀

✏t❤❡ s✉♥✑ ♦r daśagva ✖ t❤❡ ❛r❡❛ ♦❢ t❤❡ man.ipūra ❝❛❦r❛✱ ♦r ❛♥ ✐♥t❡♥s❡

❡♥❡r❣② ✐♥ ✐t❀

✏t❤❡ ✇♦♠❜✑ ✖ t❤❡ ❛r❡❛ ♦❢ t❤❡ svādhis..thāna ✻

❝❛❦r❛ ❀

✏t❤❡ ❣❧✐tt❡r✐♥❣ ❜♦tt♦♠✑ ♦r ✏t❤❡ ❣r♦✉♥❞✑ ♦r ✏t❤❡ s❡✈❡♥t❤✑ ♦r Purı̄s.a ✖

mūlādhāra ❝❛❦r❛❀

✖✖

t♦ ②♦✉ t✇♦ ✐s ✇✐❧❧✐♥❣❧② ✉♥❞❡rt❛❦❡♥

✸✸ ✽✳✷✳✸✼ ❲✐t❤ ❢♦❝✉s❡❞ ♠✐♥❞ ♠❛❦❡ ✜r❡ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣ t♦ t❤✐s ♦♥❡✱ ❖ priyamedha✲s✱
t♦ Indra✱✳✳
✸✹ ✶✵✳✶✵✺✳✽ ▲❛❝❦✐♥❣✲❛✲❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥ ✜r❡ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣ ❞♦❡s ♥♦t ❜② ✐ts❡❧❢ ❣✐✈❡ ♣❧❡❛s✉r❡
t♦ t❤❡❡✳
✶ ✸✳✸✷✳✶✺ ■ s♦❛❦❡❞ ❬♠②❪ s✉❜t❧❡ ❜♦❞② ❬❢♦r Indra❪ t♦ ❞r✐♥❦❀
✷ ✽✳✻✾✳✼ ❲❤❡♥ ❬Soma❪ ❛♥❞ Indra s❤❛❧❧ ❣♦ ✉♣ t♦ t❤❡ ❤✐❣❤❡st ♣♦✐♥t ✳✳✳
✸ ✶✳✷✶✳✻ ❞♦ r❡❛❧❧② ✇❛t❝❤ ♦✈❡r ❛✛♦r❞✐♥❣ ❛ ✇✐❞❡ ✈✐❡✇ ❢♦♦t♣r✐♥t✱ ❖ Indra ❬❛♥❞❪
Agni✱ str❡t❝❤ ♦✉t ❛ s❤❡❧t❡r ❬❢♦r ✉s❪✦
✹ s♦ ✏t❤❡ t❤✐r❞✑ ✐s t❤❡ t❤r♦❛t ❝❛❦r❛
✺ ✽✳✾✻✳✷ ❬❲❤❡♥ str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞s ❛r❡❪ ♣✐❡r❝❡❞ t❤r♦✉❣❤ ✖ ❡✈❡♥ ❜② ❛ s❤❛❦② s❤♦♦t❡r✱
❬t❤❡♥❪ tr✐❝❡ s❡✈❡♥ ❬r❡s♣✐r❛t✐♦♥s❪ ❬❛r❡❪ ♣✉t t♦❣❡t❤❡r ❛t t❤❡ s✉♠♠✐t ♦❢ t❤❡
♠♦✉♥t❛✐♥s✳
✹✳✶✾✳✹ ❤❡ ❞✐❞ ♣✐❡r❝❡❞ ♦♣❡♥ t❤❡ s✉♠♠✐ts ♦❢ ❦♥♦tt② ♦♥❡s✳
✻ ✶✵✳✼✸✳✾ ❲❤❡♥ t❤❡ ✏✇❤❡❡❧✑ ♦❢ t❤✐s ✐s s❡tt❧❡❞ ❬❛❜♦❞❡❪ ♠✐❞st ❬✐♥♥❡r❪ ✇❛t❡rs✱
t❤❛t ✇♦✉❧❞ ✐♠♣r❡ss ❤✐♠ ❛s t❤❡ ❤♦♥❡②
 ❙✉❜t❧❡ ❜♦❞②✱ ✈✐t❛❧ ❛✐rs✱ t❤❡ s✉♥✱ ❛♥❞ ✐♥♥❡r ✇❛t❡rs ✶✸✾

✏t❤❡ ✉❞❞❡r✑
✼ ✖ ♣r♦❜❛❜❧② t❤❛t ✇❤✐❝❤ ✐♥ Śāktavijñāna ♦❢ Somānanda
✽
✐s ❝❛❧❧❡❞ kanda ❀

✏❛ ✇✐❞❡ ♣❛t❤✇❛②✑ ♦r t❤❡ ✏st❛❧❦✑ ✖ t❤❡ ♠✐❞❞❧❡ ❝❤❛♥♥❡❧ ✭sus

. umnā✮✱
❛ ✢♦✇ ♦❢ ✇❤✐❝❤ ✐s ❝❛❧❧❡❞ ❛s t❤❡ r✐✈❡r Sindhu✾ ❀
✏t❤❡ t✇♦ ♠♦t❤❡rs✑
✶✵ ✖ t❤❡ t✇♦ s✐❞❡✲❝❤❛♥♥❡❧s idā ❛♥❞ piṅgala ❛ ✢♦✇
..
✶✶
♦❢ ✇❤✐❝❤ ✐s ❝❛❧❧❡❞ ✏t✇♦ ♥♦✉r✐s❤✐♥❣ str❡❛♠✑ ❀

✐♥♥❡r ✇❛t❡rs ✖ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s ♦❢ ✈❛r✐♦✉s ❤♦r♠♦♥❡s❀

✈✐t❛❧ ❛✐rs ♦r ✏❤♦rs❡s ♦❢ t❤❡ ❲✐♥❞✑ ✖ prān.a ❛♥❞ apāna✶✷ ✱ samāna✱

❛♥❞✱ ♣r♦❜❛❜❧②✱ udāna❀
t❤❡ ❧✐❢❡✲❢♦r❝❡ ´yus✳
✖ ā

Indra ❛♥❞ ❤✐s ❢❡r✈♦r s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡ ❝♦♥❞✉❝t❡❞ ✉♣✇❛r❞s

✶✸ t❤r♦✉❣❤
❝❛❦r❛s s✉❝❝❡ss✐✈❡❧②
✶✹ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ❛r❡❛ ♦❢ t❤❡ t❤r❡❡ ❧♦✇❡st ❝❛❦r❛s✱ ✇❤❡r❡
✶✺
❤❡ ✐s ❜♦r♥✱ ✐♥t♦ ✏t❤❡ ❤✐❣❤❡st ♣♦✐♥t✑ ✳
❆ t❡❝❤♥✐q✉❡ ❢♦r ✏❝♦♥❞✉❝t✐♥❣ ✉♣✇❛r❞s✑ ♠✐❣❤t ❜❡ r❡❝♦♥str✉❝t❡❞
✶✻
❛s t❤❡ ❢♦❧❧♦✇✐♥❣✿ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❞❡t❡❝t❡❞ ❛♥ ❡①❝✐t❛t✐♦♥ ✭t❤❛t ✐s Indra✬s
❡♠❜r②♦✮ ✐♥ t❤❡ ❛r❡❛ ♦❢ ❡✐t❤❡r ♦♥❡ ♦❢ t❤r❡❡ ❧♦✇❡st ❝❛❦r❛s✱ ♦r ✐♥
t❤❡ ✏✉❞❞❡r✑✱ ♦♥❡ s❤❛❧❧ ♠❡♥t❛❧❧② ❞✐r❡❝t ✐t✱ st❡♣ ❜② st❡♣✱ t❤r♦✉❣❤ ❛❧❧

✼ ✶✵✳✼✸✳✾ ■❢ t❤❡ ✉❞❞❡r ✐♥ t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤ ❬❜❡❝♦♠❡s❪ t✐❡❞ ✉♣✱❬r❡♠❡♠❜❡r✱❪ t❤♦✉ ❞✐❞
♣✉t ❬♦♥ s✉❝❤ ♦❝❝❛s✐♦♥s❪ t❤❡ ❥✉✐❝❡ ✐♥t♦ ♠✐❧❦✱ ✐♥t♦ ❤❡r❜❛❧ ❬♣♦t✐♦♥s❪✳
✽ ✹✳ ❋✐✈❡ t❤✉♠❜s ❜❡❧♦✇ t❤❡ ♥❛✈❡❧✱ t✇♦ t❤✉♠❜s ❛❜♦✈❡ t❤❡ r♦♦t ♦❢ t❤❡ ♣❡♥✐s
❛♥❞ ❬♦♥❡ t❤✉♠❜ ✇✐❞t❤❪ ✐♥s✐❞❡ ✖ t❤❛t ♣❧❛❝❡ ✐s ❝❛❧❧❡❞ ✏t❤❡ ❜✉❧❜✑ ✭kanda✮✳
✾ ✷✳✶✺✳✻ ❍❡✱ ❡①❛❧t✐♥❣✱ r❡❧❡❛s❡❞ t✉r♥❡❞ ✉♣✇❛r❞s Sindhu
✶✵ ✻✳✶✼✳✼ ❚❤♦✉ ♠❛❞❡ t❤❡ t✇♦ Rodas✲❡s✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ deva✲s ❛s ❝❤✐❧❞r❡♥✱ t♦ ♠❛✐♥t❛✐♥
t❤❡ t✇♦ ♣r✐♠♦r❞✐❛❧ r❡st❧❡ss ♠♦t❤❡rs ♦❢ .rta✳
✻✳✸✷✳✷ ❇❡✐♥❣ s✉❝❤✱ ✉s✐♥❣ t❤❡ s✉♥ ❤❡ ♠❛❞❡ t❤❡ t✇♦ ♠♦t❤❡rs ♦❢ ♣♦❡ts s❤✐♥❡❀
✶✶ ✺✳✸✵✳✾ ❙✐♥❝❡ ❤❡ ♦❜s❡r✈❡❞ ✇✐t❤✐♥ ❜♦t❤ ❤✐s ♥♦✉r✐s❤✐♥❣ str❡❛♠s ❬t❤❡♠❪✱ t❤❡r❡✲
❢♦r❡ Indra ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤❡❞ ❬t❤❡♠❪ t♦ ✜❣❤t t❤❡ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡ t♦ s✉✛❡r ✇❛♥t✳
✶✷ ✶✳✶✼✽✳✷ ❲❤✐❝❤ t✇♦ s❡❧❢✲✢♦✇✐♥❣ ♦♥❡s t❤❡②✱ ❡❛s②✲t♦✲♣✉s❤ ❢♦r ❤✐♠ ✇❛t❡rs✱ s❤❛❧❧
❡✛❡❝t ✐♥ t❤❡ ✇♦♠❜✱ t❤❡② s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ ❬❛❧s♦❪ s❡t ❬t❤❡♠❪ ✐♥ ♠♦t✐♦♥✳
✶✸ ✶✳✶✵✳✶ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t♦rs ❡①t❡♥❞ t❤❡❡ ✳✳✳ ✉♣✇❛r❞s ❧✐❦❡ ❛ ❝❛♥❡✳
✹✳✶✻✳✶✼ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ t♦ ❜❡ ❝♦♥❞✉❝t❡❞ ✉♣✇❛r❞s ♦♥❡✱ ❜❡✐♥❣ ❛ ♣r♦t❡❝t♦r✱ ❞♦ ❛tt❡♥❞
t♦ ♦✉r ❜♦❞✐❡s ♥♦✇ ❛♥❞ ❡✈❡r
✸✳✸✼✳✶✵ P✉t ❬✐♥t♦ ✉s❪ ❞✐✣❝✉❧t t♦ s✉r♣❛ss ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t❡ ✖ ❬❛♥❞❪ ✇❡
❬✇✐❧❧❪ tr❛♥s❢❡r t❤② ❢❡r✈♦r ✉♣✇❛r❞s✳
✶✹ ✶✳✶✼✸✳✸ ■♥✈♦❦❡r s❤❛❧❧ ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤ t❤❡ ❛❜♦❞❡ s✉❝❝❡ss✐✈❡❧②✱ ❬♠❡♥t❛❧❧②❪ ❣♦✐♥❣
t❤r♦✉❣❤ t❤❡ ♣♦❧❡❀ ❤❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❝❛rr② t❤❡ ❡♠❜r②♦ ❬♦❢ Indra❪ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ r✐♣❡♥❡❞
❊❛rt❤✳
✶✺ ✽✳✻✾✳✼ ❲❤❡♥ ❬Soma❪ ❛♥❞ Indra s❤❛❧❧ ❣♦ ✉♣ ❤♦♠❡✱ t♦ t❤❡ ❤✐❣❤❡st ♣♦✐♥t✱ ✐♥
t❤❡ ❢♦♦t♣r✐♥t ♦❢ ❬♦✉r❪ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥ ❬Vis
.n. u❪ ✇❡ t✇♦✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❞r❛♥❦ t❤❡ ❤♦♥❡②
t❤r✐❝❡ s❡✈❡♥ ❬t✐♠❡s❪✱ ♠✐❣❤t ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s✳
✶✳✷✾✳✻ ❋♦r ✐t ❬✏t❤❡ ❞♦♥❦❡②✑ ❂❂ t❤❡ st✉❜❜♦r♥♥❡ss ♦❢ ❡❣♦✲r❡❧❛t❡❞ ❝♦♥str✉❝ts❪
t♦ ❢❛❧❧ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ kun
. d..rn
. ācı̄✱ t❤❡ ❲✐♥❞ ❬s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡❪ ❢❛r ❛❜♦✈❡ t❤❡ s♣✐♥❡✳
✶✻ ❚❤❡ r❡❛❞❡r s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡ ✇❛r♥❡❞ t❤❛t t❤✐s r❡❝♦♥str✉❝t✐♦♥ ✐s t❤❡ r❡s✉❧t ♦❢ ❜❧❡♥❞✐♥❣
♣❡rs♦♥❛❧ ❡①♣❡r✐♠❡♥t❛t✐♦♥ ✇✐t❤ ❤✐♥ts ❣❧❡❛♥❡❞ ❢r♦♠ s♦♠❡ ❤②♠♥s ♦❢ ❘✐❣✈❡❞❛
❛♥❞ t❛♥tr✐❝ t❡①ts ✖ ♥♦t❤✐♥❣ ♠♦r❡ ❛♥❞ ♥♦t❤✐♥❣ ❧❡ss✳
✶✹✵ ❚❡❝❤♥✐q✉❡s
❝❛❦r❛s ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ❧♦✇❡st t♦ t❤❡ ❤✐❣❤❡st✱ ❛❧♦♥❣ ❛♥❞ ✐♥s✐❞❡ t❤❡ ♠✐❞❞❧❡
❝❤❛♥♥❡❧✱ ❛♥❞ ✐♥t♦ t❤❡ ❤✐❣❤❡st ♣♦✐♥t ✖ ✇❤✐❝❤ ✐s ✶✷ t❤✉♠❜✲✇✐❞t❤s
❛❜♦✈❡ t❤❡ t♦♣ ♦❢ t❤❡ s❦✉❧❧✳ ❆t ❡❛❝❤ ❝❛❦r❛✱ ✐♥ ♦r❞❡r t♦ ♠♦✈❡ t❤❡
❡①❝✐t❛t✐♦♥ ✉♣✇❛r❞s ❛♥❞ t♦ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥ ✐t✱ ♦♥❡ s❤❛❧❧ ♣❡r❢♦r♠ t❤r❡❡
❜r❡❛t❤s ✭t❤✉s t❤r✐❝❡ s❡✈❡♥ ❜r❡❛t❤s ♦✈❡r❛❧❧
✶✼ ✮✳ ❇r❡❛t❤✐♥❣ ✐s ❞♦♥❡
t❤r♦✉❣❤ ♥♦str✐❧s✳ ■♥❤❛❧❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❡❛❝❤ s✉❝❤ ❜r❡❛t❤ ✐s ❞♦♥❡ s❧♦✇❧②✱ ❜②
✉s✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❞✐❛♣❤r❛❣♠✱ ✇❤✐❧❡ ✐♠❛❣✐♥✐♥❣ ❡♥❡r❣② ❜❡✐♥❣ ❛❜s♦r❜❡❞ ✐♥t♦
mūlādhāra ❝❛❦r❛ ❢r♦♠ ♦✉t❡r s♣❛❝❡ ❛♥❞ ♠♦✈✐♥❣ ❢r♦♠ ✐t t❤r♦✉❣❤
t❤❡ ♠✐❞❞❧❡ ❝❤❛♥♥❡❧ ❛♥❞ ❡❛❝❤ ❝❛❦r❛ ❜❡❢♦r❡ t❤❡ ❝✉rr❡♥t ❛♥❞ ✐♥t♦ t❤❡
❝✉rr❡♥t ♦♥❡✳ ❲❤✐❧❡ t❤❡ ❡♥❡r❣② ♦❢ ✐♥❤❛❧❛t✐♦♥ ♠♦✈❡s t❤r♦✉❣❤ ❛ ❝❛❦r❛✱
♦♥❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❜r✐♥❣ t♦ ♠✐♥❞✱ ❡✈❡♥ ❥✉st ❢♦r ❛ ♠♦♠❡♥t✱ ❛ ♠❡♠♦r② ♦❢ ❛
♣❡rs♦♥❛❧ ❡①♣❡r✐❡♥❝❡ ❞✉r✐♥❣ ✇❤✐❝❤ t❤❡ ❝❛❦r❛ ✇❛s ❞✐st✐♥❝t❧② ❡♥❡r❣✐③❡❞
✖ ❛s r❡❝♦♠♠❡♥❞❡❞ ✐♥ t❤❡ s✉❜s❡❝t✐♦♥ ✏❱✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥s✑✳ ❆❢t❡r t❤❡
❡♥❡r❣② ♦❢ ✐♥❤❛❧❛t✐♦♥ ✐s r❛✐s❡❞ ✐♥ s✉❝❤ ❢❛s❤✐♦♥ t♦ t❤❡ ❝✉rr❡♥t ❝❛❦r❛✱
❡①❤❛❧❛t✐♦♥✱ ❛❢t❡r ❤♦❧❞✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❜r❡❛t❤ ❢♦r ❛ s❤♦rt t✐♠❡✱ s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡ str♦♥❣
❛♥❞ ❢❛st s♦ t❤❛t ❤❛✐rs ♦❢ ♦♥❡✬s ❜❡❛r❞ ✇✐❧❧ ❜❡ ♠♦✈❡❞ ❜② ❝♦♠✐♥❣ ❢r♦♠
t❤❡ ♥♦str✐❧s ❛✐r
✶✽ ✳ ■♥❤❛❧✐♥❣ s❧♦✇❧② ❛♥❞ ❡①❤❛❧✐♥❣ str♦♥❣❧② ❛♥❞ ❢❛st
✐s s✐♠✐❧❛r t♦ ❜r❡❛t❤✐♥❣ ♦❢ ❛♥ ❡♥r❛❣❡❞ ❜✉❧❧✳ ■t ✐s ❛❞✈✐s❡❞ t♦ ✜❧❧ ❜♦t❤
prān.a ❛♥❞ apāna ❛♥❞ ♦t❤❡r ✏✈✐t❛❧ ❛✐rs✑ ✇✐t❤ r❛❣❡ ❛♥❞ t♦ ♠❛✐♥t❛✐♥
❜♦t❤ ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥s ✖ ♦❢ ❛ ❝❛❦r❛ ❛♥❞ ♦❢ ✇❤❛t ❤❛❞ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥❡❞
✶✾ ✳
✐t
❊❛❝❤ ❝❛❦r❛ ♠✐❣❤t ♣r❡s❡♥t ❛♥ ♦❜st❛❝❧❡ t♦ ❝♦♥❞✉❝t✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❡①✲
❝✐t❛t✐♦♥ ✉♣✇❛r❞s ❡✐t❤❡r ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ♦❜s❝✉r❛t✐♦♥s✱ ♦r ♦❢
♣s②❝❤♦s♦♠❛t✐❝ ❜❧♦❝❦s✱ ♦r ❜② ❞✐✈❡rt✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❡♥❡r❣② ♦❢ t❤❡ ❡①❝✐t❛✲
t✐♦♥ ✐♥t♦ ❛❝t✐✈✐t✐❡s ❣♦✈❡r♥❡❞ ❜② t❤❡ ❝❛❦r❛✳ ■♥ ❝❛s❡ s✉❝❤ ♦❜st❛❝❧❡ ✐s
♣r❡s❡♥t✱ t❤❡ ❝❛❦r❛ ♠✐❣❤t ❜❡ ♣✐❡r❝❡❞ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ t❤❡ ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥
♦❢ t❤❡ ❡①❝✐t❛t✐♦♥ ❜❡✐♥❣ ❧✐❦❡ ❛ ❣❧♦✇✐♥❣ s❧❡♥❞❡r st❡♠ ❛r✐s✐♥❣ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡
mūlādhāra ❝❛❦r❛ ❛♥❞ ❣r♦✇✐♥❣ ✉♣✇❛r❞s t❤r♦✉❣❤ t❤❡ ♠✐❞❞❧❡ ❝❤❛♥✲
♥❡❧ ❛♥❞ r❡♠♦✈✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♦❜st❛❝❧❡ ❜② ✐ts ❤❡❛t ❛♥❞ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t✐♥❣ ❣❧♦✇✳
❖♥❡ s❤❛❧❧ str✐✈❡ t♦ ♣r❡✈❡♥t t❤❡ ❛r♦✉s❡❞ ❡♥❡r❣② t♦ ❜❡ ❞✐✈❡rt❡❞ ❜②
❛♥② ❝❛❦r❛ ✐♥t♦ ♥♦♥✲✐♥t❡♥❞❡❞ ❛t t❤❡ ♠♦♠❡♥t ❛❝t✐✈✐t✐❡s t❤✉s ❧♦s✐♥❣
❝♦♥tr♦❧ ♦✈❡r t❤❡ ❡①❝✐t❛t✐♦♥
✷✶ ✳ ■♥❝r❡❛s❡❞ ❞✉r✐♥❣ t❤❡ r❛✐s✐♥❣ ✉♣✇❛r❞s
❡♥❡r❣② ♦❢ t❤❡ ❡①❝✐t❛t✐♦♥ ♠✐❣❤t ♠❛❦❡ ♦♥❡ ❛✇❛r❡ ♦❢ ♣r❡✈✐♦✉s❧② ❤✐❞✲
❞❡♥ ❜② ♠❡♥t❛❧❧② ♦❜s❝✉r❛t✐♦♥s ♣❡rs♦♥❛❧ ❝♦♥str✉❝ts ❛♥❞ ♣❛tt❡r♥s ♦❢

✶✼ ✽✳✾✻✳✷ ❬❲❤❡♥ str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞s ❛r❡❪ ♣✐❡r❝❡❞ t❤r♦✉❣❤ ✖ ❡✈❡♥ ❜② ❛ s❤❛❦② s❤♦♦t❡r✱

❬t❤❡♥❪ tr✐❝❡ s❡✈❡♥ ❬r❡s♣✐r❛t✐♦♥s❪ ❬❛r❡❪ ♣✉t t♦❣❡t❤❡r ❛t t❤❡ s✉♠♠✐t ♦❢ t❤❡
♠♦✉♥t❛✐♥s✳
✶✽ ✶✵✳✷✸✳✶ ❇❧♦✇✐♥❣ ✐♥t♦ ❜❡❛r❞✱ ❤❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❡❧❡✈❛t❡❞ ✳✳✳
✶✾ ✶✵✳✹✹✳✽ ❬❲❤❡♥❪ ♦♥❡ ♠❛❞❡ ✏♠♦✉♥t❛✐♥s✑ t♦ r❡str❛✐♥ tr❡♠❜❧✐♥❣ ✏♣❧❛✐♥s✑✱ ❬t❤❡♥❪
t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ s❤❛❧❧ ❝❛❧❧ ♦✉t✱ ✐t s❤❛❧❧ ❝❛✉s❡ ✐♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ ♦♥❡s ✷✵ t♦ s✇❡❧❧ ✇✐t❤
r❛❣❡✳ ❍❡ ❬t❤❡♥❪ ♣r♦♣s t✇♦ t❡♥❞✐♥❣ ✐♥ t❤❡ s❛♠❡ ❞✐r❡❝t✐♦♥ ❡✛♦rts t♦ ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❡✳
✷✶ ✶✳✶✵✾✳✸ ✏▼❛② ✇❡ ♥♦t ❝✉t ♦✛ t❤❡ r❡✐♥s✦✑✱ t❤✉s ❬s❛②❪ t❤♦s❡ ❛s❦✐♥❣✲❢♦r✲❤❡❧♣✱
❞✐r❡❝t✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❡♥❡r❣✐❡s ♦❢ ❢♦r❡❢❛t❤❡rs✳
❙✉❜t❧❡ ❜♦❞②✱ ✈✐t❛❧ ❛✐rs✱ t❤❡ s✉♥✱ ❛♥❞ ✐♥♥❡r ✇❛t❡rs ✶✹✶

❜❡❤❛✈✐♦✉r
✷✷ ✳ ❇❡❢♦r❡ ♣❡r❢♦r♠✐♥❣ t❤✐s t❡❝❤♥✐q✉❡ ✐t ❤❡❧♣s t♦ s♦❛❦ t❤❡
✷✸
❡♥t✐r❡ s✉❜t❧❡ ❜♦❞② ✇✐t❤ Soma ✳ ■t ❛❧s♦ ❤❡❧♣s t♦ r❡❝♦❧❧❡❝t ♦♥❡ ♦❢ t❤❡
♣r❡✈✐♦✉s ♣❡rs♦♥❛❧ ❡①♣❡r✐❡♥❝❡s ♦❢ r❛✐s✐♥❣ Indra ❛♥❞ t♦ ❜r✐♥❣ t♦ ♠✐♥❞
✐ts ❝✐r❝✉♠st❛♥❝❡s ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ❡①❝✐t❛t✐♦♥ ❛s ✐t ✇❛s ❢❡❧t ❛t t❤❛t t✐♠❡
✷✹ ✳

■❢ Indra ✇❛s ❡♥❣❡♥❞❡r❡❞ ❜② ❛♥❣❡r✱ t❤❡♥✱ ✇❤❡♥ t❤❡ ❡①❝✐t❛t✐♦♥ ✐s

r❛✐s❡❞ t♦ ✏t❤❡ s✉♠♠✐t✑✱ t❤❡ ❛♥❣❡r ♠✐❣❤t ❜❡ tr❛♥s❢♦r♠❡❞ ✐♥t♦ ❛♣✲
♣r♦❛❝❤✐♥❣ ✇r❛t❤ r❛❣❡
✷✺ ✳ ❲❤❡♥ t❤❡ ❡①❝✐t❛t✐♦♥ r❡❛❝❤❡s ✏t❤❡ ❤✐❣❤❡st
♣♦✐♥t✑✱ Indra ❜❡❝♦♠❡s ❛ ✇❡❧❧✲♠❛t❝❤❡❞ t♦ ❤✐s ❡♥❡♠✐❡s ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥ t♦
❤✐s ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡r
✷✻ ✱ t❤❡ ❞♦♥❦❡② ✭♣r♦❜✳ ✏❡❣♦✲r❡❧❛t❡❞ ❝♦♥str✉❝ts✑✮ ❢❛❧❧s
♦✛
✷✼ ✱ ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡r ❜❡❝♦♠❡s ✐♥ ♣♦ss❡ss✐♦♥ ♦❢ Indra✬s tr❡❛s✉r❡
❞✉r✐♥❣ ❜❛tt❧❡s
✷✽ ✱ ❛♥❞ ❜❡❝♦♠❡s ❛♥ ārya ✖ s♦♠❡♦♥❡ ✏❝♦♥❞✉❝t✐♥❣ ✐t
✉♣✇❛r❞s✑✳
❆♥ ✉♥s♣❡❝✐✜❡❞ t❡❝❤♥✐q✉❡ ♦❢ ❝♦♥tr♦❧❧❡❞ ❜r❡❛t❤ ✭✏✇❡❧❧ ②♦❦❡❞
❤♦rs❡s ♦❢ Vāta✑✮ ✐s r❡❝♦♠♠❡♥❞❡❞ ❢♦r str❡♥❣t❤❡♥✐♥❣ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥s
❛♥❞ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝♦♥tr♦❧
✷✾ ✳ ❆♥♦t❤❡r ❞❡s❝r✐♣t✐♦♥✸✵ r❡s❡♠❜❧❡s t❤❛t
♦❢Ud.d.ı̄yana bandha ✖ ❛ ❢♦r♠ ♦❢ ❜r❡❛t❤ r❡t❡♥t✐♦♥ ❦♥♦✇♥ ✐♥ hat.ha
yoga✳
❖❜t❛✐♥✐♥❣ ♦r r❡❧❡❛s✐♥❣ ✐♥♥❡r ✇❛t❡rs ✐s ♦♥❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ♠❛✐♥ ❡✛❡❝ts ♦❢
♠❛♥✐❢❡st✐♥❣ Indra ✐♥ ✉♣♣❡r ❝❛❦r❛s ❛♥❞ ✐s ❡❛❣❡r❧② ❞❡s✐r❡❞ ❜② ✇♦r✲

✷✷ ✶✳✶✵✸✳✸ ❍❡ ❬✇❤♦❪ ♣✉ts tr✉st ✐♥t♦ t❤❡ ❢r❡♥③②✱ ❡✈❡r✲❢♦st❡r✐♥❣ ❬✐t❪✱

❜r❡❛❦✐♥❣ ✐♥t♦ ♣✐❡❝❡s str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞s✱ ❤❡ ♣❛rt❡❞ ✇❛②s ✇✐t❤ s❛✈❛❣❡ ❬tr✐❜❡s❪✳
❑♥♦✇✐♥❣ ❬t❤❛t❪✱ ❖ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲✇✐❡❧❞❡r✱ ❝❛st ❛ ♠✐ss✐❧❡ ❛t t❤❡ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡ t♦
s✉✛❡r ✇❛♥t✦
▼❛❦❡ t❤❡ ❝♦♥❞✉❝t✐♥❣ ✉♣✇❛r❞s ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ str❡♥❣t❤ ❛✉❣♠❡♥t t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r
t♦ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t❡✱ ❖ Indra✦
✷✸ ✸✳✸✷✳✶✺ ■ s♦❛❦❡❞ ❬♠②❪ s✉❜t❧❡ ❜♦❞② ❬❢♦r Indra❪ t♦ ❞r✐♥❦❀
✷✹ ✽✳✶✷✳✷ ❇② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ✇❤✐❝❤ ❬❡①❝✐t❡♠❡♥t t❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ❛♥✐♠❛t❡❞❪ ✐rr❡s✐st✐❜❧❡
daśagva✱ ❬❛♥❞❪ tr❡♠❜❧✐♥❣ Svarn
. ara✱ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ✇❤✐❝❤ t❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ❛♥✐♠❛t❡❞
t❤❡ s❡❛ ✖ t❤❛t ✇❡ ❛s❦ ❬t❤❡❡❪ ❢♦r✳
✽✳✶✷✳✸ ❇② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ✇❤✐❝❤ ❬❡①❝✐t❡♠❡♥t❪ t❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ ❝❛✉s❡ Sindhu t♦ ❞r✐✈❡
♣♦t❡♥t ✇❛t❡rs ❛s ✐❢ ❬t❤❡② ✇❡r❡❪ ❝❤❛r✐♦ts t♦ ❥♦✉r♥❡② ❛❧♦♥❣ t❤❡ ♣❛t❤ ♦❢ .rta ✖
t❤❛t ✇❡ ❛s❦ ❬t❤❡❡❪ ❢♦r✳
✷✺ ✶✳✺✹✳✹ ❚❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ ♣r♦✈♦❦❡ r❛❣❡ ❛t t❤❡ s✉♠♠✐t ♦❢ t❤❡ ✈❛st ❍❡❛✈❡♥✱ ❛t ❧❡❛st✱
t❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ ❜♦❧❞❧② ❞✐s♣❡rs❡ Śambara ❬❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ♠❛ss② ❦♥♦tt② ♦♥❡❪✳
✷✻ ✽✳✻✾✳✼ ❲❤❡♥ ❬Soma❪ ❛♥❞ Indra s❤❛❧❧ ❣♦ ✉♣ ❤♦♠❡✱ t♦ t❤❡ ❤✐❣❤❡st ♣♦✐♥t✱✳✳
✇❡ t✇♦ ✳✳✳ ♠✐❣❤t ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s✳
✶✵✳✶✸✽✳✸ ❈♦♥❞✉❝t✐♥❣ ❬❤✐♠❪ ✉♣✇❛r❞s ❬✇♦rs❤✐♣❡r❪ s❤❛❧❧ ✜♥❞ ❛ ❛ ✇❡❧❧✲♠❛t❝❤❡❞
♦♣♣♦♥❡♥t t♦ t❤❡ ❞❡♠♦♥
✷✼ ✶✳✷✾✳✻ kun
❋♦r ✐t ❬✏t❤❡ ❞♦♥❦❡②✑❪ t♦ ❢❛❧❧ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ . d..rn
. ācı̄✱ t❤❡ ❲✐♥❞ ❬s❤❛❧❧
❜❡❪ ❢❛r ❛❜♦✈❡ t❤❡ s♣✐♥❡✳
✷✽ ✻✳✷✵✳✶ t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡ ♦❢ ❤✐♠✱ ✇❤♦ t❡♥❞s ✉♣✇❛r❞s ❜② t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱
st❛♥❞s ✐♥ ❜❛tt❧❡s ♦✈❡r ♠❡♥✳
✷✾ ✺✳✸✶✳✶✵ ❚❤✐s ♣♦❡t✱ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ ❤❡❧♣✱ ❛❧s♦ ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤❡❞ ②♦❦❡❞✱ ❡✈❡♥ ✇❡❧❧ ②♦❦❡❞
❤♦rs❡s ♦❢ Vāta❀ ✐♥ t❤✐s ❝❛s❡ ❛❧❧ t❤② ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s Marut✲s✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❞✐❞
str❡♥❣t❤❡♥ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥s✱ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝♦♥tr♦❧✳
✸✵ ✽✳✻✸✳✷ ❍❛✈✐♥❣ Soma ❛t t❤❡✐r ❜❛s❡ st♦♥❡s s❤❛❧❧ s❡tt❧❡ ✉♣✇❛r❞s ✐♥ ❧✐❦❡♥❡ss ♦❢
s❦②✳
✶✹✷ ❚❡❝❤♥✐q✉❡s
s❤✐♣❡rs
✸✶ ❀ ❛❧s♦✱ ✐♥♥❡r ✇❛t❡rs ❛tt❡♥❞ t♦ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❡❞ Indra ✸✷ ✳ ■♥ ♦r✲
❞❡r t♦ ❤❛✈❡ s♦♠❡ ❝♦♥tr♦❧ ♦✈❡r ✐♥♥❡r ✇❛t❡rs✱ ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡r✬s ❝♦♥❝❡♣t✐♦♥
s❤♦✉❧❞ t❛r❣❡t t❤❡♠
✸✸ ✳ ❆ ✇❛② t♦ st✐♠✉❧❛t❡ t❤❡ ✢♦✇ ♦❢ ✐♥♥❡r ✇❛t❡rs
✐s t♦ ❜r✐♥❣ ❜❛❝❦ t♦ ♠✐♥❞ ❛♥ ❡①❝✐t❡♠❡♥t t❤❛t ✐♥ t❤❡ ♣❛st st✐♠✉❧❛t❡❞
t❤❡♠
✸✹ ✳ ❆♥♦t❤❡r ✇❛② ✐s t♦ ❡st❛❜❧✐s❤ ❛ ✜①❡❞ ♦r❞❡r✱ ❡✈❡♥ ❛ r✐t✉❛❧✱ ♦❢
✸✺
tr❛✐♥✐♥❣ ✳ ❨❡t ❛♥♦t❤❡r ✇❛② ✐s t♦ ❞✐sr✉♣t ❤❛❜✐t✉❛❧ ♣❛t❤✇❛②s ❢♦r r❡✲
❧❡❛s✐♥❣ t❤❡ t❡♥s✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❛♥ ❡①❝✐t❛t✐♦♥✳ ❋♦r ❡①❛♠♣❧❡✱ ✐❢ ♦♥❡✬s r❡❛❝t✐♦♥
t♦ ❛♥ ✉♥❡①♣❡❝t❡❞ ❛♥❞ ❝❛✉s✐♥❣ s♦♠❡ ❞✐s❝♦♠❢♦rt ❝❤❛♥❣❡ ✐s t♦ ❜❧✉rt
♦✉t ❝✉rs❡s✱ t❤❡♥ ❜② r❡str❛✐♥✐♥❣ s❡❧❢ ❢r♦♠ ❜❧✉rt✐♥❣ t❤❡♠ ♦✉t✱ ❡✈❡♥
♠❡♥t❛❧❧②✱ ✇❤❡♥ ❝❛✉s✐♥❣ ❞✐s❝♦♠❢♦rt ♦r ❡✈❡♥ s✉✛❡r✐♥❣ ❝❤❛♥❣❡ ❝♦♠❡s✱
♦♥❡ ✇✐❧❧ ❝❛✉s❡ ❛ ✢♦♦❞ ♦❢ ✐♥♥❡r ✇❛t❡rs
✸✻ ✳

❖♥❡ ✇❛② t♦ st✐♠✉❧❛t❡ t❤❡ ✢♦✇ ❢r♦♠ ✏t❤❡ ✉❞❞❡r✑ ✐s t♦ ❞r✐♥❦

❡①tr❛❝t ♦❢ Soma ✸✼ ✳
✏❚❤❡ s✉♥✑✱ ♦r man.ipūra ❝❛❦r❛✱ ❤❛s ❛ ♣r♦♠✐♥❡♥t r♦❧❡ ✐♥ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st✲
✐♥❣ Indra✳ ■ts ✏r❡✐♥s✑ ✭♣r♦❜✳ ✏♣❡t❛❧s✑✮ ❛r❡ ✇❤❛t ✐s ✉s❡❞ ❢r♦♠ ♦❢ ♦❧❞ ✐♥
♦r❞❡r t♦ ❜❡ ✐♥ ❝♦♠♠✉♥✐♦♥ ✇✐t❤ Indra ✸✾ ✳ ❆ s❦✐❧❧❢✉❧ Indra ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡r
♠❡❞✐t❛t❡s ❞❛✐❧② ♦♥ man.ipūra ❝❛❦r❛ ❛s ❢✉❧❧ ♦❢ ❤❡❛t
✹✵ ✱ ❛♥❞ ❛♥ ❛❞❡♣t
s✉♠♠♦♥s Indra ✐♥t♦ ❤✐s ❜♦❞② ♦♥❧② ✇❤❡♥ ✏t❤❡ s✉♥✑ ❜❡❝♦♠❡s ❢✉❧❧
♦❢ ✐♥t❡♥s❡ ❡♥❡r❣②
✹✶ ✳ ❲❡❧❧ s❡❧❡❝t❡❞ ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s✱ ❡s♣❡❝✐❛❧❧②
t❤♦s❡ t❤❛t ❝♦♥✈❡② ❛♥ ❡♥t✐❝❡♠❡♥t t♦ r❡❜❡❧✱ ❝❛♥ ❡♥❣❡♥❞❡r Indra ✐♥ ❛
♠❛♥♥❡r s♦ t❤❛t ❤❡ ❛❝t✐✈❛t❡s t❤❡ man.ipūra ❝❛❦r❛
✹✷ ✳

✸✶ ✶✳✶✼✽✳✶ ✏■ ❝❛♥ ❣❛✐♥ ❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣ ✖ s✉❝❝❡ss✐✈❡❧② ❡❛❝❤ ♦❢ ❬✐♥♥❡r❪ ✇❛t❡rs ♦❢ ❛♥

❛❣✐t❛t❡❞ t❤❡❡✳✑
✸✷ ✶✵✳✶✺✸✳✶ ❙✇❛②✐♥❣ r❡st❧❡ss ❬str❡❛♠s✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ♣❛rt♦♦❦ ♦❢ t❤❡ ♠❛♥❧② ✈✐❣♦✉r✱
❛tt❡♥❞ t♦ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❡❞ Indra
✸✸ ✸✳✸✸✳✺ ❬▼②❪ ✇✐❞❡✲r❛♥❣✐♥❣ ❝♦♥❝❡♣t✐♦♥ ❬✐s ❜r♦✉❣❤t❪ ❢♦r✇❛r❞ t♦✇❛r❞s Sindhu
✸✹ ✽✳✶✷✳✸ ❇② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ✇❤✐❝❤ ❬❡①❝✐t❡♠❡♥t❪ t❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ ❝❛✉s❡ Sindhu t♦ ❞r✐✈❡
♣♦t❡♥t ✇❛t❡rs ❛s ✐❢ ❬t❤❡② ✇❡r❡❪ ❝❤❛r✐♦ts t♦ ❥♦✉r♥❡② ❛❧♦♥❣ t❤❡ ♣❛t❤ ♦❢ .rta ✖
t❤❛t ✇❡ ❛s❦ ❬t❤❡❡❪ ❢♦r✳
✸✺ ✷✳✶✸✳✶ ❋✐①❡❞ ♦r❞❡r ✐s t❤❡ ❣❡♥✐tr✐①✳ ❋r♦♠ ❤❡r t❤❡ ✇❛t❡rs ❬✢♦✇❪✳
✸✻ ✶✳✶✼✹✳✹ ❖♥❡ ✇♦✉❧❞ ❧❡t ❧♦♦s❡ t❤❡ ✢♦♦❞✐♥❣ ✇❛t❡rs ✇❤❡♥ t❤r♦✉❣❤ ✜❣❤t✐♥❣
❬tr✐❜❡s ♦❢ ❞❡♠♦♥s ✇❤♦s❡ s♣❡❡❝❤ ✐s ✐♥s✉❧t✐♥❣ ♦♥❡ ❞✐s♠✐ss❡s t❤❡✐r❪ ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡
❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s ✳✳✳
✸✼ ✶✵✳✼✸✳✾ ■❢ t❤❡ ✉❞❞❡r ✐♥ t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤✸✽ ❬❜❡❝♦♠❡s❪ t✐❡❞ ✉♣✱❬r❡♠❡♠❜❡r✱❪ t❤♦✉ ❞✐❞
♣✉t ❬♦♥ s✉❝❤ ♦❝❝❛s✐♦♥s❪ t❤❡ ❥✉✐❝❡ ✐♥t♦ ♠✐❧❦✱ ✐♥t♦ ❤❡r❜❛❧ ❬♣♦t✐♦♥s❪✳
✸✾ ✶✳✶✵✾✳✼ ❚❤❡s❡ ❬❛r❡❪ st✐❧❧ t❤♦s❡ r❡✐♥s ♦❢ t❤❡ s✉♥ ✇✐t❤ ✇❤✐❝❤ ♦✉r ❢♦r❡❢❛t❤❡rs
✇❡r❡ ✐♥ ❝♦♠♠✉♥✐♦♥ ❬✇✐t❤ ②♦✉❪✳
✹✵ ✻✳✸✵✳✷ ❊✈❡r② ❞❛② t❤❡ s✉♥ s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡ ♣❡r❝❡✐✈❡❞✱ ❛ s❦✐❧❧❢✉❧ ❬❛❞❡♣t❪ s❤❛❧❧ s♣r❡❛❞
t❤❡ s❡❛ts ❬♦❢ Soma❪ ❢❛r ♦✛ ❬❢r♦♠ ❡❛❝❤ ♦t❤❡r❪✳
✹✶ ✼✳✸✵✳✷ ❆❣❡♥ts ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡ s✉♠♠♦♥ t❤❡❡ ✐♥t♦ ❬t❤❡✐r❪ ❜♦❞✐❡s ❞✉r✐♥❣ ❣❛✐♥✐♥❣
t❤❡ s✉♥✳
✹✷ ✽✳✻✳✷✵ ❬❚❤❡s❡ ❡♥t✐❝❡♠❡♥ts t♦ r❡❜❡❧✱❪ t❤❛t ❬❛r❡❪ ❜❡❛r✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡❡❪ ✇✐t❤ ♠♦✉t❤✱
❤❛✈❡ ♠❛❞❡ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Indra✱ ✐♥t♦ ❛ ❣❡r♠ t❤❛t ✐s ❧✐❦❡ ❛ ♣r♦♣ ❛r♦✉♥❞ t❤❡ s✉♥
❈♦❛rs❡ ❜♦❞② ✶✹✸

❈♦❛rs❡ ❜♦❞②
❈♦❛rs❡ ❜♦❞② ❛s ❛♥ ❛❣❣r❡❣❛t❡ ♦❢ ❜♦♥❡s✱ ❥♦✐♥ts ❛♥❞ ♠✉s❝❧❡s ✐s ♦❢t❡♥
❝❛❧❧❡❞ ✐♥ t❤❡ ❤②♠♥s ✏t❤❡ ❦♥♦tt② ♦♥❡✑ ✭párvata✮✱ ❛♥❞ t❤❡ s❦✉❧❧ ✖
✏t❤❡ r♦❝❦✑ ✭ádri✮✳
❖♥❡ s❤♦✉❧❞ ❦❡❡♣ ❛✇❛r❡♥❡ss ♦❢ ♦♥❡✬s ❜♦❞②
✶ ❛♥❞ ❞❡✈❡❧♦♣ ♣❤②s✐❝❛❧
✷
str❡♥❣t❤ t❤❛t ❤❡❧♣s t♦ ❛❝❝✉♠✉❧❛t❡ ❛♥❞ ❝♦♥❝❡♥tr❛t❡ ✏t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡✑
✸
✭❛❞r❡♥❛❧✐♥❡✮ ✳
P❛rt✐❝✉❧❛r ❛tt❡♥t✐♦♥ ✐s t♦ ❜❡ ❣✐✈❡♥ t♦ r❡st♦r❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❜♦❞②
❛♥❞ ✐ts ❢✉♥❝t✐♦♥s ❞✉r✐♥❣ ♣♦st✲Indra st❛t❡ ✇❤✐❝❤ ✐s ❝❤❛r❛❝t❡r✐③❡❞
❜② ✇❡❛❦♥❡ss✱ s♦♠❡t✐♠❡s ❡①tr❡♠❡ s♦ t❤❛t ♦♥❡ ❝❛♥✬t ❡✈❡♥ st❛♥❞✱ ✐♥✲
❞✐✛❡r❡♥❝❡✱ ✐rr✐t❛❜✐❧✐t②✱ ❡♠♦t✐♦♥❛❧ ❢r❛✐❧t②✱ ❛♣❛t❤②✱ ❛♥①✐❡t② ♦r ❡✈❡♥
❞❡♣r❡ss✐♦♥✳ ❋✐rst st❡♣ ✐s t♦ s❤✐❢t t❤❡ ♠✐♥❞ ✐♥t♦ t❤❡ ✜rst ❢♦♦tst❡♣
♦❢ Vis.n.u ❛♥❞ t♦ ❛❝❝❡♣t t❤❡ r❡❛❝t✐♦♥ ✏❛s t❡t❤❡r❡❞ ❛♥✐♠❛❧s ❛❝❝❡♣t
✹
❜❛r❧❡②✑ ✳ ❚❤❡♥ ♦♥❡ ❤❛s t♦ ✐♥❞✉❝❡ t❤❡ st❛t❡ ♦❢ ❡❧❡✈❛t✐♦♥ ❡✈❡♥ ✐❢ ✐t
✐s ❛ ✈❡r② ❧♦✇ ❡♥❡r❣② ♦♥❡ ✖ ❢♦r ❡①❛♠♣❧❡✱ ❜② ✐♥✈♦❦✐♥❣ Maruts✲s ✺ ✱
❛♥❞ t❤❡♥ t♦ ❛♣♣❡❛❧ t♦ Varun.a ❜② r❡❝✐t✐♥❣ ✺✳✹✵✳✼
✻ ✇❤✐❝❤ ✇✐❧❧ ❤❡❧♣
❝❧❡❛r ♠❡♥t❛❧ ✐♥❡rt✐❛ ❢r♦♠ ✏t❤❡ s✉♥✑ ✳
✼ ❖♥❡ ❛❧s♦ ❤❛s t♦ ❤❛✈❡ ❛ ❧♦t
♦❢ ♥✉tr✐t✐♦♥ ❛♥❞ ✇❤❛t❡✈❡r ❡❧s❡ t❤❡ ✐♥st✐♥❝ts ♦❢ t❤❡ ❜♦❞② ❞❡♠❛♥❞
✖ ❡❛t✐♥❣ ♥♦✉r✐s❤✐♥❣ ❢♦♦❞✱ ❞r✐♥❦✐♥❣✱ ❦❡❡♣✐♥❣ ✇❛r♠✱ ❛♥❞ r❡st✐♥❣✳
◆❡❣❛t✐✈❡ ❡♠♦t✐♦♥s s❤❛❧❧ ♥♦t ❜❡ ❣✐✈❡♥ r❡✐♥s❀ ♦♥❡ s❤❛❧❧ ♣❛rt✐❝✐♣❛t❡ ✐♥
❝❤❛♥t✐♥❣ ♣r❛✐s✐♥❣ Indra ❛♥❞ ♦t❤❡r deva✲s ❤②♠♥s✱ ❜❡ ✈❡r② ❛tt❡♥t✐✈❡
t♦ t❤❡ ❞✐s♣♦s✐t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ✈❛r✐♦✉s deva✲s ❛♥❞ tr② t♦ ❛ss✐st t❤❡♠✽ ✳

✶ ✷✳✶✶✳✽ ▲❡t t❤❡ ❦♥♦tt② ♦♥❡ ❜❡ s❡tt❧❡❞✱ ❬t❤♦✉❣❤❪ ♣r❡s❡♥t ❬✐♥ t❤❡ ♠✐♥❞❪❀
✷ ✶✳✺✶✳✶✵ ❲❤❡♥ Uśanas ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ str❡♥❣t❤ ❬♦❢ ❤✐s ♠✉s❝❧❡s❪
❢❛s❤✐♦♥❡❞ ❢♦r t❤❡❡ ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ str❡♥❣t❤✱ t❤❡ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡✲t♦✲❝❤❛♥❣❡ ♠❛❥❡st✐✲
❝❛❧❧② ❞r♦✈❡ t❤❡ t✇♦ Rodas✲❡s ❛♣❛rt✳
✸ ✼✳✸✷✳✾ ❤❡❧♣ t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡ t♦ ❝♦♥❝❡♥tr❛t❡
✹ ✽✳✻✸✳✾ ❆t t❤✐s ❜✉❧❧✬s ❜✉r♥✲♦✉t ❤❡ s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ ♠❛❞❡ ❛ ✇✐❞❡ st❡♣ ❢♦r ❬t❤❡
❜✉❧❧❪ t♦ ❧✐✈❡✳ ❍❡ ❤❛s ❛❝❝❡♣t❡❞ ❬✐t❪ ❛s t❡t❤❡r❡❞ ❛♥✐♠❛❧s ❬❛❝❝❡♣t❪ ❜❛r❧❡②✳
✺ ✽✳✻✸✳✶✵ ❲❡✱ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ ❤❡❧♣✱ ❬❛r❡❪ ♦❜t❛✐♥✐♥❣ t❤❛t ❬✇✐❞❡ st❡♣ t♦ ❧✐✈❡❪✳ ❚♦❣❡t❤❡r
✇✐t❤ ②❡ ❬✇❡ ❤❛✈❡❪ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ♣♦✇❡r ❛s ❬♦✉r❪ ❢❛t❤❡r ❬❤❛s❪❀ t♦ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥ ❬✉s❪✱
♠✐❣❤t ✇❡ ❜❡ ❛tt❡♥❞❡❞ ❜② Marut✲s✦
✻ ▼❛② ♥♦t ❤❡✱ ❤✉rt❢✉❧ t❤r♦✉❣❤ ✐rr✐t❛❜✐❧✐t② ❬❛♥❞❪ ❢❡❛r✱
❞❡✈♦✉r ♠❡✱ ✇❤♦ ✐s t❤②✱ ❖ Atri✦
❚❤♦✉ ❛r❡ ❛ ❜❡♥❡❢❛❝t♦r ✇❤♦s❡ s❛t✐s❢❛❝t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ♦♥❡✬s ❞❡s✐r❡ ✐s r❡❛❧✳
▼❛② t❤❡s❡ t✇♦ ❤❡❧♣ ♠❡ ✐♥ t❤✐s ❝❛s❡ ✖ Varun.a ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ❦✐♥❣✳
✼ ✺✳✹✵✳✻ ❚❤❡♥✱ ✇❤❡♥ t❤♦✉ ♣✉r❣❡❞ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ t✉r♥✐♥❣ ❬t❤✐s ✇❛② ❛♥❞ t❤❛t
✇❛②❪ ❞❡❝❡♣t✐✈❡ ❝♦♥str✉❝ts ♦❢ Svarbhānu✱ Atri✱ ✉s✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❢♦✉rt❤ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛✱
❢♦✉♥❞ t❤❡ s✉♥ ❝♦♥❝❡❛❧❡❞ ❜② ❬t❤❛t❪ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ✐♥❡rt✐❛ ✇❤✐❝❤ ♠❛❦❡s ♦♥❡ ❛❜❛♥❞♦♥
♦❜s❡r✈❛♥❝❡s✳
✽ ✺✳✹✵✳✽ ❍❛✈✐♥❣ ❥♦✐♥❡❞ t❤❡ s✐♥❣❡rs✱ ❬❜❡✐♥❣❪ t❤❡ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t♦r✱ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ♣r❛✐s❡
♣❛②✐♥❣ ❤♦♠❛❣❡ t♦ deva✲s✱ r❡✈❡r❡♥t✐❛❧❧② ❡♥❞❡❛✈♦r✐♥❣ t♦ ❛ss✐st ❬t❤❡♠❪✱ Atri
❤❛s ♣❧❛❝❡❞ t❤❡ ❧✐❣❤t ♦❢ t❤❡ s✉♥ ✐♥t♦ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥✱ ❤❡ ❤❛s ♠❛s❦❡❞ ❞❡❝❡♣t✐✈❡
❝♦♥str✉❝ts ♦❢ Svarbhānu✳
✶✹✹ ❚❡❝❤♥✐q✉❡s
❙♣❡❡❝❤ ✐♥ ❣❡♥❡r❛❧
❙♣❡❡❝❤ ✐♥ ❣❡♥❡r❛❧ ✐s ♣❡rs♦♥❛❧✐③❡❞ ❛s ❛ devı̄ Vāc ✇❤♦ ✇❛s ❜♦r♥ ❜②
deva✲s ✶ ✷
❛♥❞ ✐s t❤❡✐r r✉❧❡r ✳ ❍❡r ❜❛s✐❝ ❢♦r♠ ✐s ❛♥ ✉tt❡r❛♥❝❡ ♦❢ ✐♥✲
✸
❞✐st✐♥❝t s♦✉♥❞s ✐♥ ❛ ❧♦✇ t♦♥❡ ✳ ❙❤❡ ✐s ❝♦♠♣❛r❡❞ t♦ ❛ ♠✐❧❝❤✲❝♦✇
✹
✺ ✻
t❤❛t ❡①tr❛❝ts ✐♥♥❡r Soma ✱ str❡♥❣t❤ ❛♥❞ r❡❢r❡s❤♠❡♥t ❢r♦♠ ✐♥♥❡r
✼
✇❛t❡rs ✳
❚❤❡ ✉tt❡r❛♥❝❡ svā´hā ✽ ✐s ✉s❡❞ ❞✉r✐♥❣ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡s❀ s♦♠❡ ✉♥s♣❡❝✐✜❡❞
✉tt❡r❛♥❝❡s
✾
❛r❡ ♠❡♥t✐♦♥❡❞ ✱ t♦ ❜❡ ✉s❡❞ ✇❤❡♥ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st✐♥❣ Indra✳
❯tt❡r❛♥❝❡s
✶✵
❝❛♥ ♣r♦❝❧❛✐♠ Indra t♦ ❜❡ ❛ ♣r♦t❡❝t♦r ✱ ❞❡✈♦t✐♦♥ t♦
❤✐♠
✶✶ ✱ ♦r s✉❜♠✐tt✐♥❣ t♦ ❤✐♠✶✷ ✳

❯tt❡r❛♥❝❡s ♠✐❣❤t ❜❡ ✐♥ t❤❡ ❢♦r♠ ♦❢ mantra✲s ✶✸ ✱ ❛♥❞ ✉s❡❞ ✐♥

❢❛s❤✐♦♥ ♠❛❞❡ ❧❛t❡r ❜② t❛♥tr✐❝s ✐♥t♦ ❛ s②st❡♠
✶✹ ✐♥ ♦r❞❡r t♦ ❢❛❝✐❧✐t❛t❡
✈❛r✐♦✉s ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❛t✐♦♥s✳ ❚❤❡② ♠✐❣❤t ❜❡ ✉s❡❞ ❛s ❜❛tt❧❡✲❝r✐❡s
✶✺ ✱ ❛s
s♣❡❧❧s
✶✻ ✱ ♦r ❛s ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s ✭✏❝♦✇s✑✮ t♦ ✐♠♣❡❧ ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡rs
✐♥t♦ Indra ✶✼ ✱ ♦r t♦ s❡tt❧❡ ✐♥t♦ ❛ ♣❛rt✐❝✉❧❛r st❛t❡ ♦❢ ♠✐♥❞
✶✽ ✳

✶ ✽✳✶✵✵✳✶✶ Deva✲s ♠❛❞❡ t❤❡ devı̄ ❙♣❡❡❝❤ t♦ ❜❡ ❜♦r♥

✷ ✽✳✶✵✵✳✶✵ ❲❤❡♥ ❙♣❡❡❝❤✱ ❜❡✐♥❣ ❛ r✉❧❡r ♦❢ deva✲s✱✳✳
✸ ✽✳✶✵✵✳✶✶ t❡t❤❡r❡❞ ❛♥✐♠❛❧s ♦❢ ❛❧❧ ❦✐♥❞s ✉tt❡r ❤❡r
✽✳✶✵✵✳✶✵ ❲❤❡♥ ❙♣❡❡❝❤✱ ❜❡✐♥❣ ❛ r✉❧❡r ♦❢ deva✲s✱ ✉tt❡r✐♥❣ ✐♥❞✐st✐♥❝t ❬s♦✉♥❞s❪✱
❤❛s s❡tt❧❡❞ ❞♦✇♥ ❬t♦ ❜❡❝♦♠❡❪ ❧♦✇ ✐♥ t♦♥❡✱✳✳✳
✹ ✽✳✶✵✵✳✶✶ ▲❡t ❤✐❣❤❧② ♣r❛✐s❡❞ ♠✐❧❝❤✲❝♦✇ ❙♣❡❡❝❤ ❝♦♠❡ ❤❡r❡ t♦ ✉s✦
✺ ✽✳✶✵✵✳✶✵ ❲❤❡r❡✱ ❞♦ ②❡ t❤✐♥❦✱ t❤❡ ✉❧t✐♠❛t❡ ❬❥✉✐❝❡❪ ❤❛s ❣♦♥❡ ❢r♦♠ ❤❡r❄
✻ ✽✳✶✵✵✳✶✶ ❙❤❡✱ ②✐❡❧❞✐♥❣ ❛ r❡❢r❡s❤♠❡♥t❬✱ ❛♥❞❪ t❤❡ str❡♥❣t❤✱ ✐s ♣❧❡❛s❛♥t ❢♦r ✉s✳
✼ ✽✳✶✵✵✳✶✵ s❤❡ ❤❛s ♠✐❧❦❡❞ t❤❡ str❡♥❣t❤✱ ❥✉✐❝❡s ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ❢♦✉r ❬str❡❛♠s❪
✽ ✽✳✻✸✳✺ ◆♦✇ t❤❡♥ ❢♦r t❤❡❡✱ ❢♦❧❧♦✇✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❞❡s✐❣♥✱ t❤♦s❡ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ t♦ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡
❬✉tt❡r❪ svāhā ♦❢ t❤❡ r❡q✉❡st✳
✾ ✶✳✺✹✳✸ ❉♦ t❤♦✉ r❡❝✐t❡ ❛ ❤✐ss✐♥❣ ✉tt❡r❛♥❝❡ t♦ t❤❡ ✈❛st ❍❡❛✈❡♥
✶✵✳✶✷✵✳✺ ❇② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ✉tt❡r❛♥❝❡s ■ ♠❛❦❡ t❤② ✇❡❛♣♦♥s t♦ ♠♦✈❡ q✉✐❝❦❧②
✶✵ ✶✳✻✶✳✶✹ ❇② t❤❡ s✐❞❡ ♦❢ ❡❛❣❡r ❬Indra❪ Nodhas✱ ♣r♦❝❧❛✐♠✐♥❣ ❬❤✐♠❪ ❧♦✉❞❧② t❤❡
♣r♦t❡❝t♦r✱ s❤❛❧❧ ❡✈❡r② ❞❛② ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❝♦♥❞✉❝✐✈❡ t♦ ✈❛❧♦r✳
✶✶ ✽✳✾✻✳✽ ❲❡ ❞❡✈♦t❡ ♦✉rs❡❧✈❡s t♦ t❤❡❡
✶✷ ✹✳✷✺✳✷ ❲❤♦ ✇✐t❤ ❛♥ ✉tt❡r❛♥❝❡ ❤❛s s✉❜♠✐tt❡❞ ♦♥❡✬s s❡❧❢ t♦ ✐♥s♣✐r❡❞✲❜②✲Soma
♦♥❡ ❛♥❞ ❬t❤✉s❪ ❜❡❝♦♠❡s ❛ ♦♥❡ ✇❤♦ ♣✉rs✉❡s ❞❡✈♦t✐♦♥ ❬✇❤❡♥❪ ❤❡ ❛ss✉♠❡s t❤❡
❢♦r♠ ♦❢ ❛♣♣❡❛r✐♥❣ ❛t ❞❛✇♥ ❬✇❛t❡rs❪❄
✶✸ ✼✳✸✷✳✶✸ ❉♦ ②❡ ✜① ❛♥ ✉♥❛❜r✐❞❣❡❞ ✇❡❧❧✲♣r❡♣❛r❡❞ ✐♥tr✐❝❛t❡ ♠❛♥tr❛ ✐♥t♦ ✇♦rt❤②✲
♦❢✲❛✲s❛❝r✐✜❝❡ ♦♥❡s✦
✶✹ ✶✵✳✺✺✳✸ ❯s✐♥❣ t❤✐rt② ❢♦✉r ❬❝♦♥s♦♥❛♥ts❪ ✇✐t❤ ✉♥✐❢♦r♠ ❬❜✉t❪ r❡❢r❛❝t♦r② ❧✐❣❤t
♦♥❡ ♠❛❦❡s ♠❛♥✐❢❡st ❬❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❜♦t❤ Rodas✲❡s❪✳
✶✺ ✽✳✻✸✳✼ ❲❤❡♥ ❜❛tt❧❡✲❝r✐❡s ❧❡t t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s ✢② t♦ Indra t❤r♦✉❣❤♦✉t tr✐❜❡ t❤❛t
✐s ♦♥❡ ♦❢ ✜✈❡ tr✐❜❡s✱ ✐t ❝❡rt❛✐♥❧② ❞✐❞ s♣r❡❛❞ s❤✐✈❡rs✳
✶✻ ✶✵✳✹✷✳✻ ■♥t♦ ✇❤♦♠ ✇❡ ♣❧❛❝❡ ❬t❤✐s❪ s♣❡❧❧ ✖ ✐♥t♦ Indra
✶✼ ✷✳✷✶✳✺ ❇② ❛♥ ✐♥✈♦❝❛t✐♦♥✱ ❜② ♠❛❦✐♥❣ ❝♦✇s t♦ s✐♥❦ ✐♥✱ t❤❡②✱ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ ❛ ❢❛✈♦✉r✱
✐♠♣❡❧❧✐♥❣ t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s ✐♥t♦ Indra✱ ♦❜t❛✐♥❡❞ t❤❡ ❣♦♦❞s✳
✶✽ ✸✳✸✶✳✾ ❲✐t❤ ♠✐♥❞ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② ✇♦r❞s t❤❡② ❤❛✈❡ s❡tt❧❡❞ ❞♦✇♥ ♠❛❦✐♥❣
✇✐t❤ ❤②♠♥s ♦❢ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t✐♦♥ ❛♥ ✉♥✐♠♣❡❞❡❞ ✇❛② ❢♦r t❤❡ ❛♠❜r♦s✐❛✳
✸✳✸✶✳✶✵ ■♥t♦ ✇❤❛t ✇❛s ❡♥❣❡♥❞❡r❡❞ t❤❡② ♣❧❛❝❡❞ st❡❛❞✐♥❡ss✱ ♠✐❞st ❝♦✇s ❬t❤❡②
♣❧❛❝❡❞❪ ❤❡r♦❡s✳
P♦❡tr② ❛♥❞ r❡❝✐t✐♥❣ ✈❡rs❡s ✶✹✺
P♦❡tr② ❛♥❞ r❡❝✐t✐♥❣ ✈❡rs❡s
P♦❡tr② ❛rr❛♥❣❡s ✐♠♣r❡ss✐♦♥s ❛♥❞ ❡①♣❡r✐❡♥❝❡s ✐♥ ♦r❞❡r t♦ ❝r❡❛t❡ ❛
❢r❛♠❡✇♦r❦ ❢♦r t❤✐♥❦✐♥❣ ❀ ✐t ❝❛♥ ♠❛❦❡ t❤❡ s♣❤❡r❡s ♦❢ t❤❡ ❜♦❞② ❛♥❞
✶
t❤❡ ♠✐♥❞ ✭t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤ ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥✮ ✇❡❧❧✲♣r♦♣♦rt✐♦♥❡❞ ❢♦r Indra ❀ ✷
✐t ❝❛♥ ❜❡ ❛ ✈❡r❜❛❧ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❛ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❣❡st✉r❡ ❀ ✐t ❝❛♥ ❛❧s♦ ❢❛❝✐❧✐✲
✸
t❛t❡ ❞r✐♥❦✐♥❣ ♦❢ Soma ❜② Indra ✳ Indra ❛♥❞ Soma ❛r❡ ♣♦❡ts ✇❤♦
✹ ✺ ✻
✐♥s♣✐r❡ ♣♦❡ts ♦❢ ❘✐❣✈❡❞❛✳ ❈r❡❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ♣♦❡tr② ❤❛s ✐ts ♦✇♥ s♣❡❧❧s ✳ ✼

▼❡♥t✐♦♥❡❞ ❜❡♥❡✜ts ♦❢ r❡❝✐t✐♥❣ ♣♦❡rt② ❛r❡ ♠❛♥② ✖ ♦♥❡ ❝❛♥ ❣r♦✇

✐♥ s♦❝✐❛❧ st❛t✉s ✱ ✐t ❝❛♥ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t❡ deva✲s ✐t ❝❛♥ ❡❧❡✈❛t❡ Indra ✱
✽ ✾ ✶✵
str❡♥❣t❤❡♥ ❤✐♠ ✱ ♦r t♦ ❤❡❧♣ Indra✬s ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t✐♦♥ ❢r♦♠ Soma ✳
✶✶ ✶✷

✶ ✸✳✸✽✳✷ ❆♥❞ ❛s❦ ❬t❤❛t❪ ❣❡♥❡r❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ♣♦❡ts ❛❜♦✉t ✐♥❢✉s✐♥❣ str❡♥❣t❤ ❬t❤✐♥❣s❪ ✖
♠❛✐♥t❛✐♥✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡❪ ✐♠♣r❡ss✐♦♥✱ ②♦✉✱ s❦✐❧❧❢✉❧✱ s❤❛❧❧ ❞❡s✐❣♥ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥✳ ❆✉❣✲
♠❡♥t✐♥❣ t❤❡s❡ t❤② ❤✐♥ts✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ♠✐♥❞ ❧✐❦❡ t❤❡ ✇✐♥❞✱ t❤❡② s❤♦✉❧❞ t❤❡r❡❢♦r❡
❜r✐♥❣ ✐t ✐♥t♦ ❛♥ ❛rr❛♥❣❡♠❡♥t✳
✸✳✸✽✳✸ ■♥ t❤✐s ❝❛s❡ t❤❡② ❬❛r❡❪ ♣✉tt✐♥❣ ❡✈❡♥ s❡❝r❡t ❬t❤✐♥❣s❪ ✐♥t♦ ✐t ❛♥❞ s❤❛❧❧
✜t t♦❣❡t❤❡r t❤❡ t✇♦ Rodas✲❡s ❢♦r t❤❡ ❞♦♠✐♥✐♦♥ ❬♦❢ Indra❪❀
✷ ✶✵✳✷✾✳✻ ❚✇♦ ♠❡❛s✉r❡s ❬❛r❡❪ ♥♦✇ ✇❡❧❧ ♣r♦♣♦rt✐♦♥❡❞ ❢♦r t❤❡❡ ✳✳✳ ❬❛♥❞ ❛r❡❪
♣❧❡♥t✐❢✉❧✱ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤ ✖ ♠❛❥❡st✐❝❛❧❧②✱ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ♣♦❡tr②✳
✸ ✸✳✸✾✳✶ ❖ Indra✱ t❤❡ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❣❡st✉r❡ ❬✐s❪ ♣♦✉r❡❞ ❢♦rt❤ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ❤❡❛rt❀ t♦✇❛r❞s
t❤❡ ♣r♦t❡❝t♦r s❤❡ ❣♦❡s✱ ❢❛s❤✐♦♥❡❞ ❛s ❛ ❤②♠♥ ♦❢ ♣r❛✐s❡✱ ❬s❤❡✱❪ ❜❡✐♥❣ r❡❝✐t❡❞
❞✉r✐♥❣ ❛ ❦♥♦✇❧❡❞❣❡✲s❤❛r✐♥❣ s❡ss✐♦♥✱ ✐s ❦❡❡♣✐♥❣ ❬✉s❪ ❛✇❛❦❡ ✳✳✳
✹ ✼✳✷✻✳✶ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❬❞r♦♣s ♦❢ Soma❪ t❤❛t ❛r❡ ✇✐t❤♦✉t ❛ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥ ❞♦ ♥♦t
❬❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t❡❪ t❤❡ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡✳ ❋♦r ❤✐♠ ❝r❡❛t❡ ❛ ✈❡rs❡ t❤❛t ❤❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❡♥❥♦②
✖ ❛ ♥❡✇ ♠❛♥❧② ♦♥❡ s♦ t❤❛t ❤❡ ✇♦✉❧❞ ❧✐st❡♥ t♦ ✉s✳
✺ ✶✵✳✺✺✳✺ ❚❤r♦✉❣❤ ❬❤✐s❪ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❡①♣❛♥❞✱ ❡①♣❡r✐❡♥❝❡ ❞✐r❡❝t❧② deva✬s ♣♦❡t✐❝
✐♥s♣✐r❛t✐♦♥✦
✻ ✾✳✶✷✳✹ ❙♦♠❛✱ ✇❤♦ ✐s ❛ s❦✐❧❧❢✉❧ ♣♦❡t
✼ ✶✳✶✼✹✳✼ ❉✉r✐♥❣ ❝r❡❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❛ ❤②♠♥ ♦❢ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t✐♦♥✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❛ ♣♦❡t s❤❛❧❧
✇❤✐s♣❡r✱
✏❍❡ s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ ♠❛❞❡ t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤ ❛ ♣✐❧❧♦✇ ❢♦r t❤❡ ❞❡♠♦♥✳
●❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡ s❤❛❧❧ ♠❛❦❡ t❤r❡❡ ❬✇❛t❡rs❪ t♦ ❤❛✈❡ ♠❛♥✐❢♦❧❞ ❞r♦♣s✳
❍❡ s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ ✜①❡❞ ✐♥ ❛ ❜✐♥❞ ❢♦✉❧✲s♣❡❛❦✐♥❣ ♦♥❡✳✑
✽ ✶✳✺✹✳✼ ❆t ❧❡❛st✱ ❤❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❣r♦✇ ❛s ❛ ❝❤✐❡❢t❛✐♥✱ ❬❛s❪ ❛♥ ♦✈❡rs❡❡r ♦❢ ✇❤❛t✬s r❡❛❧ ✖
❬t❤❛t❪ ♣❡rs♦♥ ✇❤♦s❡ ♣r❡s❡♥t❡❞ ♦❜❧❛t✐♦♥ ✐s ♦♥ ♣❛r ✇✐t❤ ❬♥❡❡❞s ♦❢ Indra❪✱ ✇❤♦
✐♥❢✉s❡s str❡♥❣t❤ ✐♥t♦ t❤❡ ❝♦♠♠❛♥❞❡r✱ ♦r✱ ✇❤♦ ✇♦✉❧❞ ❥♦✐♥ ✇✐t❤ ♠✉♥✐✜❝❡♥❝❡
✐♥ r❡❝✐t✐♥❣ ✈❡rs❡s✳
✾ ✸✳✶✷✳✺ ❚❤❡②✱ ✉tt❡r✐♥❣ ✈❡rs❡s✱ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t❡ ②♦✉ t✇♦ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ s♣❡❡❝❤✱ ❬t❤❡②✱❪
❦♥♦✇✐♥❣✲t❤❡✲❛rt ✐♥✈♦❦❡rs❀ ❖ Indra✕Agni✱ ■ ♣r❡❢❡r ❧✐❜❛t✐♦♥s✳
✶✵ ✽✳✸✸✳✷ ❆t ❛ ♣r❡ss✐♥❣✱ ✉tt❡r✐♥❣ ✈❡rs❡s ♠❡♥ ♠❛❦❡ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧ ♦♥❡✱
r❡s♦✉♥❞ ❛❜♦✈❡ ❛❧❧✱ ❛❞❞r❡ss t❤❡❡✱ ❖ ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧ ♦♥❡✱ ❛❜♦✈❡ ❛❧❧✳
✶✶ ✽✳✻✳✸✹✲✸✺ t❤❡ ✇✐♥♥✐♥❣ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❣❡st✉r❡✱ ❬❛♥❞❪ r❡❝✐t❡❞ ✈❡rs❡s ❤❛✈❡ str❡♥❣t❤✲
❡♥❡❞ ✖ ❧✐❦❡ r✐✈❡rs ❬str❡♥❣t❤❡♥❪ t❤❡ s❡❛ ✖✉♥❞❡❝❛②✐♥❣ Indra✱ ✇❤♦s❡ r❛❣❡ ✐s
♥♦t ❬t♦ ❜❡❪ ❞♦✇♥♣❧❛②❡❞✳
✽✳✻✷✳✶ ❖✛❡r✐♥❣ Soma ❬❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s❪ ❛✉❣♠❡♥t ✇✐t❤ r❡❝✐t❡❞ ✈❡rs❡s Indra✬s
❣❧❛❞s♦♠❡ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❛♥❞ ❜♦❞✐❧② ✈✐❣♦✉r✳
✶✷ ✼✳✷✻✳✷ ■♥ ✈❡rs❡✲❛❢t❡r✲✈❡rs❡ Soma ❤❛s ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t❡❞ Indra✱ ✐♥ t✉♥❡✲❛❢t❡r✲t✉♥❡
❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❬❞r♦♣s ♦❢ Soma❪ ❬❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t❡❞❪ t❤❡ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡ ✇❤❡♥ t❤❡②✱ ✇❤♦
❤❛✈❡ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ♣♦✇❡r ♦✈❡r samāna✱ ❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥ ❤✐♠ ❡❛❣❡r❧② ✖ ❧✐❦❡ s♦♥s ❬t❤❡✐r❪
❢❛t❤❡r ✖ ❢♦r ❤❡❧♣✳
✶✹✻ ❚❡❝❤♥✐q✉❡s
❘❡❝✐t✐♥❣ ✈❡rs❡s ❝❛♥ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥ ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥s
✶✸ ✳

❈❤❛♥t✐♥❣
❈❤❛♥t✐♥❣ ❤❛s s❡✈❡r❛❧ ❢♦r♠s✳ ■t ❝❛♥ ❜❡ ❛ sāman ✭✈❡rs❡s r❡❝✐t❡❞
t♦ s♣❡❝✐❛❧ t✉♥❡s✮ ✇❤✐❝❤ ✐s ❝❤❛r❛❝t❡r✐③❡❞ ❛s ♣r❛✐s✐♥❣✲❛❧♦✉❞ ✭✶✳✻✷✳✷✮✱
❧♦❢t② ✭✽✳✾✽✳✶✱ ✽✳✽✾✳✼✮✱ ❢❛✉❧t❧❡ss ❛♥❞ ❝❧❡❛♥s✐♥❣ Indra ✭✽✳✾✺✳✼✮✱ s♣r✐♥❣✲
✐♥❣ ❢♦rt❤ ❛♥❞ r❡❝✐t❡❞ ✐♥ ❛ s✐♥❣✐♥❣ ♠❛♥♥❡r ❧✐❦❡ ❛ s♦♥❣ ♦❢ ❛ ❜✐r❞
✭✶✳✶✼✸✳✶✮❀ sāman ♥❡❡❞s t♦ ❜❡ ❤❡❛t❡❞ ❧✐❦❡ ❛ ♣♦t ✇✐t❤ ✇❡❧❧✲t✇✐st❡❞
✶
♣❤r❛s❡s ✳ ■t ❝❛♥ ❜❡ ❛ ❤♦✇❧ ✇✐t❤ ❛ ❣♦♦❞ r❤②t❤♠ t❤❛t✱ ♣❡r❢♦r♠❡❞
❛t t❤❛t ❤♦✉r ♦❢ t❤❡ ♠♦r♥✐♥❣ ✇❤❡♥ ✐♥♥❡r ✇❛t❡rs ✢♦✇ ✱ r❡✈❡r❜❡r❛t❡s
✷
✸
❛♥❞ ✏♣✐❡r❝❡s t❤❡ st♦♥❡✑ ✳ ■t ❝❛♥ ❜❡ ❛ ❤②♠♥ ♦❢ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t✐♦♥ ✭arká✮
✹
✺
t❤❛t ✏❧✐st❡♥s t♦ t❤❡ ❞✐✈✐♥❡ ✈♦✐❝❡ ✐♥ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥✑ ✳
❆ ❝❤❛♥t ❝❛♥ ❜❡ r❡✐♥❢♦r❝❡❞ ✇✐t❤ t❤❛t ♠❛♥✐❝ t❤♦✉❣❤t ✇✐t❤ ✇❤✐❝❤
Indra ✻
❤❛s ❡✛❡❝t❡❞ ❢❡r✈♦r ✐♥ ❛ s✐♥❣❡r ✱ ✐t ❝❛♥ ❜❡ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② ❛
✼
♠❡♥t❛❧ ❣❡st✉r❡ ✱ ❛♥❞ ❤❛✈❡ ♣❡r✐♦❞s ✇❤❡♥ ❛❧❧ s✐♥❣❡rs ✐♥t♦♥❡ ✐♥ ✉♥✐s♦♥
✽
❛ s♦✉♥❞ r❡✈❡r❜❡r❛t✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❛ ♣❛rt✐❝✉❧❛r ❝❛❦r❛ ✳ ■t ✐s ♠❡♥t✐♦♥❡❞ t❤❛t
❝❤❛♥ts ❝❛♥ ❜❡ ♠❛❞❡ t♦ ❛r✐s❡ ❢r♦♠ ✏t❤❡ ❜❛s❡ ♦❢ s✇❛❧❧♦✇✐♥❣✑
✾ ✇❤✐❝❤
❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥ ♣r♦❜❛❜❧② ♠❡❛♥s ✏t❤❡ ♣❧❛❝❡ ✇❤❡r❡ ❧❛r②♥❣❡❛❧ ✈♦✐❝❡✲s♦✉♥❞s
❛r❡ ♣r♦❞✉❝❡❞✑✳
■♥ s♦♠❡ ❝❛s❡s✱ ❧✐❦❡ ❣❛t❤❡r✐♥❣ ❛♥❞ r❛✐s✐♥❣ s♣✐r✐ts ❢♦r ❛ ❜❛tt❧❡✱
❝❤❛♥t✐♥❣ ✐s r❡♣❧❛❝❡❞ ♦r ❝♦♠❜✐♥❡❞ ✇✐t❤ ❞r✉♠♠✐♥❣ ✐♥ ♦r❞❡r t♦ ✐♥✲
st✐❧❧ ✐♥t♦ ♣❛rt✐❝✐♣❛♥t Indra✬s ❢r❡♥③②✶✵ ✖ t❤❡ ❞r✉♠ ✐s ❝❛❧❧❡❞ ✏ Indra✬s
✶✶
✜st✑ ✳

✶✸ ✽✳✻✳✹✸ ❚❤✐s ♠♦st ❡①❝❡❧❧❡♥t ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥ s✇❡❧❧✐♥❣ ✇✐t❤ ❣❤❡❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❤♦♥❡②
Kan
. va✲s ❤❛✈❡ ♠❛❞❡ str♦♥❣❡r ✇✐t❤ ❛ r❡❝✐t❡❞ ✈❡rs❡✳
✶ ✽✳✽✾✳✼ ❉♦ ②❡ ❤❡❛t ✉♣ ❧✐❦❡ ❛ ♣♦t sāman ✇✐t❤ ✇❡❧❧✲t✇✐st❡❞ ❬♣❤r❛s❡s❪✱ ❬❛ sāman
t❤❛t ✐s❪ ♣r♦♣✐t✐♦✉s ❧♦❢t② ❢♦r ❧♦♥❣✐♥❣ ❢♦r ❛ ❝❤❛♥t ♦♥❡✦
✷ ✶✳✻✷✳✸ t❤❡ ♠❡♥ s❤❛❧❧ ❤♦✇❧ ❛❣❛✐♥ ❛♥❞ ❛❣❛✐♥ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ❛♣♣❡❛r✐♥❣ ❛t ❞❛✇♥
❬✇❛t❡rs❪✳
✸ ✶✳✻✷✳✹ ❚❤❛t ❬❤♦✇❧❪ ✇✐t❤ ❛ ❣♦♦❞ r❤②t❤♠✱ t❤❛t ❬❤♦✇❧❪ ✇✐t❤ ❛ r❤②t❤♠ ❜② s❡✈❡♥
✐♥✇❛r❞❧② ❡①❝✐t❡❞ ♦♥❡s✱ ❬t❤❛t ✐s❪ ♠❛❞❡✲t♦✲r❡✈❡r❜❡r❛t❡ ❜② Navagva✲s✱ ❬s❤❛❧❧
♣✐❡r❝❡❪ t❤❡ st♦♥❡ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ s♦✉♥❞✳
✹ ✽✳✺✶✳✹ ❋♦r ✇❤♦♠ t❤❡② ❤❛✈❡ s❛♥❣ s❡✈❡♥✲❤❡❛❞❡❞ ❤②♠♥ ♦❢ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t✐♦♥
✺ ✶✳✽✸✳✻ ❬✇❤❡♥❪ ❛ ❤②♠♥ ♦❢ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t✐♦♥ ❧✐st❡♥s t♦ t❤❡ ❞✐✈✐♥❡ ✈♦✐❝❡ ✐♥ t❤❡
❍❡❛✈❡♥✱ ✳✳✳ Indra t❛❦❡s ♣❧❡❛s✉r❡ ✐♥ ❡✈❡♥✐♥❣s ♦❢ ❥✉st t❤❛t
✻ ✽✳✻✳✶✶ ■♥ Kanva✬s ❢❛s❤✐♦♥ ■ r❡✐♥❢♦r❝❡ ❝❤❛♥ts ✇✐t❤ ❬t❤❛t❪ ♣r✐♦r ♠❛♥✐❝ t❤♦✉❣❤t
.
✇✐t❤ ✇❤✐❝❤ Indra ❤❛s ❡✛❡❝t❡❞ t❤✐s ✈❡r② ❢❡r✈♦r✳
✼ ✻✳✸✹✳✺ ❋♦r ❤✐♠ t❤✐s ♠✐❣❤t② ❧♦✉❞ ❤②♠♥✱ ❢♦r ❤✐♠✱ ❢♦r Indra✱ t❤❡ ♣r❛✐s❡ ✐s
✉tt❡r❡❞ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❣❡st✉r❡s✳
✽ ✽✳✶✷✳✸✷ ❲❤❡♥ ✐♥ ❤✐s ❢❛✈♦r✐t❡ ❛❜♦❞❡ t❤❡② ✐♥t♦♥❡❞ ✐♥ ✉♥✐s♦♥ ✳✳✳
✾ ✶✵✳✽✾✳✹ ❋♦r Indra ■ s❤❛❧❧ ❝❛✉s❡ ❝❤❛♥ts ❬❛♥❞❪ ❤❛✈✐♥❣✲s♣♦♥t❛♥❡♦✉s✲❣✉s❤❡s
✇❛t❡rs t♦ ❛r✐s❡ ❢r♦♠ ✏t❤❡ ❜❛s❡ ♦❢ s✇❛❧❧♦✇✐♥❣✑
✶✵ ✻✳✹✼✳✸✵ ❬❖ ❞r✉♠✦❪ ▼❛❦❡ ❬♦✉r❪ str❡♥❣t❤ ❛❜s♦r❜ ❬t❤②❪ r♦❛r✱ ✐♥st✐❧❧ ✐♥t♦ ✉s
❢r❡♥③②✦
✶✶ ✻✳✹✼✳✸✵ ❇❧♦✇ ♦✛ ♠✐s❢♦rt✉♥❡s ❢r♦♠ ❤❡r❡✱ ❖ ❞r✉♠✱ t❤♦✉ ❛r❡ Indra✬s ✜st ✳✳✳
Pr❛✐s✐♥❣ ✶✹✼

❈❤❛♥t✐♥❣ ✇❛s ✉s❡❞ t♦ ✜♥❞ ❛ ✇❛② t♦ Indra ✶✷ ✱ t♦ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥ s✉♠✲

♠♦♥s
✶✸ ✱ t♦ ❡✛❡❝t ❛♥ ❛❧❧✐❛♥❝❡ ✇✐t❤ ❤✐♠✶✹ ✱ t♦ ♣r♦❝✉r❡✶✺ ✱ t♦ st✐♠✉✲
❧❛t❡
✶✻ ✶✼
❛♥❞ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥ ❤✐♠ ✱ ❛♥❞ t♦ ♦❜t❛✐♥ ❢r♦♠ ❤✐♠ ❛ ❧✐♥❡❛❣❡ ✳
✶✽

❙✐♥❣❡rs ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥ts ♦❜t❛✐♥ t❤❡ ❡♥❡r❣② t♦ ❞❛r❡

✶✾ ✱ ❛♥❞ t❤❡ str❡♥❣t❤
t♦ ❡♥t❡r ✐♥t♦ t❤❡ st❛t❡ ♦❢ Indra
✷✵ ✳

Pr❛✐s✐♥❣
Pr❛✐s✐♥❣ ❛♥❞ ❡①t♦❧❧✐♥❣ Indra ❛r❡ ❞♦♥❡ ❛❣❛✐♥ ❛♥❞ ❛❣❛✐♥ t❤r♦✉❣❤♦✉t
t❤❡ ❞❛② ✳
✶ ■t ✐s ❞♦♥❡ t♦ r❡❛❝❤ ♦✉t t♦ Indra ✷ ✱ t♦ ❞r❛✇ ❤✐♠ ♥❡❛r ✱
✸
✹
♦r t♦ ❝♦♥✈❡② ❤✐♠ ✱ t♦ ♠❛❦❡ Indra ❡①♣❡❞✐❡♥t ❢♦r ❛ ✜r❡ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣ ✱ t♦
✺
♠❛❦❡ Indra ❡①♣❡❧ ✏t❤❡ s♥❛❦❡✑ ✻
❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤ ✳ Pr❛✐s✐♥❣ ✐s ❛❧s♦ ✉s❡❞

✶✷ ✶✳✻✳✻ ❝❤❛♥ts ✜♥❞ t❤❡✐r ✇❛② t♦✇❛r❞s ✜♥❞✐♥❣✲✇❤❛t✬s✲❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧ ♠✐❣❤t② ❢❛♠❡❞

♦♥❡
✶✸ ✻✳✸✹✳✹ t❤❡ ❝❤❛♥ts t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ✜r❡ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣s ❤❛✈❡ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥❡❞ t❤❡ s✉♠✲
♠♦♥s✳
✶✹ ✽✳✾✻✳✻ ❲❡ ✇♦✉❧❞ ❧✐❦❡ t♦ ❡✛❡❝t ❛♥ ❛❧❧✐❛♥❝❡ ✇✐t❤ Indra ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥ts
❛♥❞ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❛❞♦r❛t✐♦♥s ✇❡ ♠✐❣❤t ❡♥t❡r t❤❡ r❡s❡♠❜❧✐♥❣✲❜✉❧❧ ❬st❛t❡❪✳
✶✺ ✽✳✾✼✳✹ ❤❡✱ ✇❤♦ ✐s ✐♥ ♣♦ss❡ss✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❬Soma❪✱ ❜② ❣♦✐♥❣ ❬✇✐t❤ t❤❡
♠✐♥❞❪ t♦ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥✱ ✇✐t❤ ❝❤❛♥ts ❤❡ s❡❡❦s t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ❧♦♥❣✲❤❛✐r❡❞ ♦♥❡s
t♦ ♣r♦❝✉r❡ t❤❡❡✳
✶✻ ✶✳✷✶✳✷ ❚❤♦s❡ t✇♦ ❞♦ ②❡ st✐♠✉❧❛t❡ ❞✉r✐♥❣ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡s✦ ❉♦ ❛rr❛② Indra ❬❛♥❞❪
Agni✱ ❖ ♠❡♥✦ ❨❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❝❤❛♥t t♦ t❤♦s❡ t✇♦ ✐♥ Gāyatrı̄ ✈❡rs❡s✳
✶✼ ✻✳✶✽✳✶ ❊①t♦❧ ❤✐♠ ✳✳✳ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡s❡ ❝❤❛♥ts✱ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥ ❬❤✐♠❪
✶✽ ✽✳✻✸✳✺ ❬❚❤❡✐r❪ ❤②♠♥s ♦❢ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t✐♦♥ ❤❛✈❡ ❢♦✉♥❞ t❤❡✐r ✇❛② t♦ t❤❡ str❡♥❣t❤✲
❡♥✐♥❣ ❞r✐♥❦✱ ❖ Indra✱ ✐♥ ♦r❞❡r ❬❢♦r t❤❡❡❪ t♦ ❣✐✈❡ ❬t❤❡♠❪ ❛ ❧✐♥❡❛❣❡✳
✶✾ ✽✳✶✷✳✸✷ ❲❤❡♥ ✐♥ ❤✐s ❢❛✈♦r✐t❡ ❛❜♦❞❡ t❤❡② ✐♥t♦♥❡❞ ✐♥ ✉♥✐s♦♥✱ ❛t t❤❡ ❥✉♥❝t✐♦♥
♦❢ ✜r❡ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣✱ ❬t❤❡r❡ ❝♦♠❡s❪ ❢♦rt❤ ②✐❡❧❞✐♥❣ ♠✐❧❦ ♦♥❡ ❬♦❢ Pr.śn.i❪ ✖ ❞✉r✐♥❣
♣r♦❝❡❡❞✐♥❣ ♦♥ ✐ts ♣❛t❤ ❬s❛❝r✐✜❝❡❪✳
✷✵ ✻✳✸✽✳✸ ❋♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥ ❛♥❞ ❝❤❛♥ts ❝♦♠❜✐♥❡ ❬✇✐t❤ ❡❛❝❤ ♦t❤❡r❪ ✐♥ ❤✐♠✱ ❛♥❞ t❤❡
❣r❡❛t ❤②♠♥ ♦❢ ♣r❛✐s❡ s❤❛❧❧ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥ ❬♠❡❪ ✐♥t♦ ❬t❤❡ st❛t❡ ♦❢❪ Indra✳
✽✳✻✾✳✶✹ ❇② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❛ ❝❤❛♥t t❤❡ ②♦✉t❤❢✉❧ ♦♥❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❛❢t❡r✇❛r❞s ♣✐❡r❝❡
❜❡❝♦♠✐♥❣✲♠❛t✉r❡ ♣♦rr✐❞❣❡✳
✶ ✹✳✶✻✳✸ t❤r♦✉❣❤♦✉t t❤❡ ❞❛② t❤❡ ❡①t♦❧❧✐♥❣ ♦♥❡s ♠❛❦❡ ❡♥t✐❝❡♠❡♥ts ❬❢♦r ❤✐♠❪✳
✶✵✳✶✹✽✳✶ Pr❡ss✐♥❣ ❬Soma❪ ✇❡❧❧✱ ✇❡ ❡①t♦❧ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❛❧s♦✱ ❬✇❡ ❡①t♦❧ t❤❡❡❪
❤❛✈✐♥❣ ♦❜t❛✐♥❡❞ t❤❡ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r
✻✳✸✹✳✷ Indra s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡ ♣r❛✐s❡❞ ❜② ✉s ❛❣❛✐♥ ❛♥❞ ❛❣❛✐♥✳
✷ ✶✳✶✼✳✾ ▼❛② t❤❡ ❝♦rr❡❝t❧② ❛rt✐❝✉❧❛t❡❞ ♣r❛✐s❡ t❤❛t ■ ✐♥✈♦❦❡✱ r❡❛❝❤ ②♦✉ t✇♦✱ ❖
Indra ❬❛♥❞❪ Varun . a✱✳✳
✸ ✹✳✸✷✳✶✺ ▲❡t ♦✉r ❤②♠♥ ♦❢ ♣r❛✐s❡ ❝♦♥s✐st✐♥❣ ♦❢ ♦✉r ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❣❡st✉r❡s ❞r❛✇ t❤❡❡
♥❡❛r✱ ❖ Indra✦
✽✳✷✳✶✼ ✇❤❡♥ ❡♥❞❡❛✈♦r✐♥❣✱ ❜❡❝❛✉s❡ ♦❢ ✢✉✐❞ ❬st❛t❡ ♦❢ ♠✐♥❞❪✱ t♦ ♦❜t❛✐♥ ❛ ❜♦❛t✱
■ ❤❛✈❡ ✜①❡❞ t❤❡ ♠✐♥❞ ✉♣♦♥ ❛ ❤②♠♥ ♦❢ ♣r❛✐s❡ ♦❢ t❤❡❡✳
✹ ✹✳✸✷✳✶✷ ❈♦♥✈❡②✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡❡❪ ✇✐t❤ ❤②♠♥s ♦❢ ♣r❛✐s❡ Gotama✲s✱ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ str♦♥❣❡r
✐♥ ❬t❤❡ st❛t❡ ♦❢ ❜❡✐♥❣❪ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Indra✱✳✳
✺ ✽✳✻✳✸ ❲❤❡♥ Kanva✲s ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❤②♠♥s ♦❢ ♣r❛✐s❡ ❤❛✈❡ ♠❛❞❡ Indra ❛♥
❡①♣❡❞✐❡♥t ♦❢ ❛ ✜r❡. ♦✛❡r✐♥❣✱ ❛ s✐❜❧✐♥❣ t❛❧❦s ♦❢ ❛ ✇❡❛♣♦♥✳
✻ ✶✳✽✵✳✶ s♦ t❤❛t t❤♦✉ ✇♦✉❧❞ ✈✐❣♦r♦✉s❧② ❡①♣❡❧ t❤❡ s♥❛❦❡ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤✱ t❤❡②
♣r❛✐s❡ ✇✐t❤ s♦♥❣s ❬t❤②❪ ❛✉t♦♥♦♠②✳
✶✹✽ ❚❡❝❤♥✐q✉❡s
t♦ ♣✉t ❛ ♣r♦t❡❝t✐✈❡ ❝♦✈❡r ♦✈❡r t✇♦ Rodas✲❡s ✼ ✱ t♦ ♠❛❦❡ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡r✬s
✽ ✾
r❡❝✐t❛t✐♦♥s ❡✛❡❝t✐✈❡ ✱ ❛♥❞ t♦ ♦❜t❛✐♥ ❛♥ ❡✛❡❝t✐✈❡ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❣❡st✉r❡s ✳

❍②♠♥s ♦❢ ♣r❛✐s❡ ❛r❡ ❝❛❧❧❡❞ ❞❡♠❛♥❞✐♥❣ ♠❡ss❡♥❣❡rs ✭✶✵✳✹✼✳✼✮✱

❛♥❞ ❛r❡ t♦ ❜❡ t❤♦✉❣❤t ♦❢ ❛s ❜❡✐♥❣ ✐♥ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥
✶✵ ✳ ❚❤❡② ❛r❡ t♦
❜❡ ❝♦rr❡❝t❧② ❛rt✐❝✉❧❛t❡❞
✶✶ ❛♥❞ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥s ✶✷ ✱ ♦r
❝♦♥s✐st ♦❢ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❣❡st✉r❡s
✶✸ ✳ ❊✈❡r✲r❡♣❡❛t❡❞ ♣r❛✐s❡s ♦❢ Indra ❛r❡
❞❡s✐❣♥❡❞ t♦ ♠❛❦❡ ❛❜♦✉t✲t♦✲❝♦♠❡ st❛t❡ ♠♦r❡ ❡❛s✐❧② ❛❝❝❡♣t❡❞ ❜② st✐❧❧✲
✐♥✲❝♦♥tr♦❧ ❝♦♥str✉❝t ♦❢ ✏s❡❧❢ ✑✳

❍②♠♥s ♦❢ ♣r❛✐s❡ ♦❢t❡♥ ❡①t♦❧ Indra✬s ❞❡❡❞s

✶✹ ✳ ❙♦♠❡ st❛♥❞ ❛❧♦♥❡
♣r❛✐s❡s ❛r❡✿
✏ Indra ✐s ❢❛♠❡❞ ❬t♦ ❜❡❪ t❤❡ ♦♥❧② ❞✐str✐❜✉t♦r ♦❢ ❜♦✉♥t✐❡s ✇❤♦ ❝❛rr✐❡s
❬✐t❪ ❛❝r♦ss✱ ✇❤♦s❡ ♠❛♥② s✐❞❡✲❡✛❡❝ts ❛r❡ ❝♦♥t❡♥❞✐♥❣ ✇✐t❤ ✇❤❛t ✐s
❛❧t❡r♥❛t✐♥❣ ✐♥ ✉s ❬✇✐t❤ t❤❡✐r ♦♣♣♦s✐t❡s❪✳ ❨❡ s❤❛❧❧ t❛❦❡ ♣❛rt ✐♥ ❬❤✐s❪
❞❡s✐r❡❞ ❛✉s♣✐❝✐♦✉s ❬❞❡❡❞s❪✳✑ ✭✼✳✷✻✳✹✮
✏❲✐t❤ t❤② ❤❡❧♣ ✇❡ ♠✐❣❤t ❜❡ s✉❝❝❡ss❢✉❧ ❛❣❛✐♥✱ ❖ Indra✦✑ ✭✻✳✷✵✳✶✵✮
✏❆♣♣♦rt✐♦♥ t♦ ✉s r✉s❤❡s ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r t❤❛t ❛r❡ ❧❡❛❞✐♥❣ t♦ ❛ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞
❞✐✛❡r❡♥t t❤✐♥❣s✦✑ ✭✼✳✷✻✳✺✮
✏❚❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ❞♦♥❡ t❤❡s❡ ♠❛♥❧② ❞❡❡❞s✱ t❤♦✉ ❞✐❞ ❢❛✈♦✉r t❤❡ tr❛❝❦ ♦❢
t❤❡ ✇❤❡❡❧✳✑ ✭✽✳✻✸✳✽✮✳

◆♦t ❛❧❧ ♣r❛✐s❡s ❛r❡ ❞♦♥❡ ✇✐t❤ ✇♦r❞s ✖ ❥✉st ❛ss♦❝✐❛t✐♥❣ ✇✐t❤
s♦♠❡ ✇❤♦ ✐s ❡❛❣❡r t♦ ✜❣❤t ✐s ❛❧s♦ ❛ ♣r❛✐s❡ ♦❢ Indra ✶✺ ✳

✼ ✸✳✸✽✳✽ ✇✐t❤ ❝♦rr❡❝t❧② ❛rt✐❝✉❧❛t❡❞ ♣r❛✐s❡ ■ ❤❛✈❡ ♣✉t ❛ ❬♣r♦t❡❝t✐✈❡❪ ❝♦✈❡r ♦✈❡r
✐♥✈✐❣♦r❛t✐♥❣ ❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣ t✇♦ Rodas✲❡s
✽ ✶✳✶✼✽✳✹ ❆t ❛ ❝♦♥t❡st✱ ❛t ❛ ❞❡❜❛t❡ ❤❡ ♣r❛✐s❡s ❧✐❜❛t✐♦♥s ✖ ❬t❤❡r❡❢♦r❡❪ ❛ r❡❝✐t❛✲
t✐♦♥ ♦❢ t❤❡ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡r ❬✐s❪ ❛❧✇❛②s ❡✛❡❝t✐✈❡✳
✾ ✶✵✳✹✼✳✼ ❍②♠♥s ♦❢ ♣r❛✐s❡ ✖ ♠② ❞❡♠❛♥❞✐♥❣ ♠❡ss❡♥❣❡rs ✖ r❡♣❡❛t❡❞❧② ❝♦♠✲
✐♥❣ t♦ ❡✛❡❝t✐✈❡ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❣❡st✉r❡s✱✳✳
✶✵✳✶✹✽✳✸ ✐♥s♣✐r❡❞✱ str✐✈✐♥❣ ❛❢t❡r ❡✛❡❝t✐✈❡ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❣❡st✉r❡ ♦❢ s❡❡rs✱ ❞♦ t❤♦✉
♣r❛✐s❡ ✐♥ s♦♥❣ ❬Indra❪✦
✶✵ ✺✳✸✺✳✽ ✇❡ ❬❝❛♥❪ t❤✐♥❦ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❤②♠♥ ♦❢ ♣r❛✐s❡ ❬❛s ❜❡✐♥❣ ❡♥t✐r❡❧②❪ ✐♥ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥
✶✶ ✶✳✶✼✳✾ ▼❛② t❤❡ ❝♦rr❡❝t❧② ❛rt✐❝✉❧❛t❡❞ ♣r❛✐s❡ t❤❛t ■ ✐♥✈♦❦❡✱ r❡❛❝❤ ②♦✉ t✇♦✱ ❖
Indra ❬❛♥❞❪ Varun . a✱✳✳
✶✷ ✽✳✶✷✳✸✶ ❚♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥s ❛♥ ✐♥✇❛r❞❧②✲❡①❝✐t❡❞ ♦♥❡ r♦✉s❡s ❢♦r
t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Indra✱ t❤✐s ❝♦rr❡❝t❧② ❛rt✐❝✉❧❛t❡❞ ♣r❛✐s❡✱✳✳
✶✸ ✹✳✸✷✳✶✺ ▲❡t ♦✉r ❤②♠♥ ♦❢ ♣r❛✐s❡ ❝♦♥s✐st✐♥❣ ♦❢ ♦✉r ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❣❡st✉r❡s ❞r❛✇ t❤❡❡
♥❡❛r✱ ❖ Indra✦
✶✹ ✶✳✺✶✳✶✸ ❏✉st ❛❧❧ t❤❡s❡ t❤② ❬❞❡❡❞s❪ ❛r❡ t♦ ❜❡ ♣r♦❝❧❛✐♠❡❞ ❛❧♦✉❞ ❞✉r✐♥❣ ♣r❡ss✲
✐♥❣s✳
✽✳✹✺✳✷✺ ❚❤♦s❡ ♦❧❞ ❛♥❞ ♥❡✇ ❬❞❡❡❞s❪✱ t❤❛t s❧❛②❡r ♦❢ Vr.tra ❤❛s st✐rr❡❞ ❬✉♣❪ ❢❛r
❛✇❛②✱ ❞♦ ②❡ ❝♦♠♠❡♥❞ ❛t ❛ss❡♠❜❧✐❡s✦
✹✳✸✷✳✶✶ ❉✉r✐♥❣ Soma ❧✐❜❛t✐♦♥s ❛❞❡♣ts ❡①t♦❧ t❤♦s❡ t❤② ❬❞❡❡❞s❪ t❤❛t t❤♦✉
♣❡r❢♦r♠❡❞ ❛s ♠❛♥❧② ❞❡❡❞s✳
✶✺ ✽✳✹✳✻ ❍❡ ❤❛s ❢♦✉♥❞ ❬t❤❡ ❝♦rr❡❝t❪ ✐♥✈✐t❛t♦r② ♣r❛✐s❡ ❬♦❢ Indra❪ ✇❤♦ ❛ss♦❝✐❛t❡s
❤✐♠s❡❧❢ ✇✐t❤ s♦♠❡♦♥❡ ✇❤♦ ✐s ❛s ❡❛❣❡r t♦ ✜❣❤t ❛s ✐❢ ❤❡ ✇❛s ❥♦✐♥✐♥❣ ❛ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞
❬♠❡♥❪❀
■♥✈♦❦✐♥❣ Indra ✶✹✾

■♥✈♦❦✐♥❣ Indra
❆t ❛ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡ Indra ✐s t♦ ❜❡ ❝❛❧❧❡❞ ✉♣♦♥ ♠❛♥② t✐♠❡s t❤r♦✉❣❤♦✉t ❞❛②
♦r ♥✐❣❤t✶ ✳ ❉✉r✐♥❣ tr❛✐♥✐♥❣ Indra ♠✐❣❤t ❜❡ s✉♠♠♦♥❡❞ ❜② ❛ s✐♥❣❡r✷
❜✉t ❤❛s t♦ ❜❡ r❛✐s❡❞ ❜② ❡❛❝❤ ♣❛rt✐❝✐♣❛♥t ❛♥❞ ♠❛♥② t✐♠❡s ❛ ❞❛②✸ ✳
❚❤❡ ❝❛✉s❡ ♦❢ ♠✉❧t✐♣❧❡ ✐♥✈♦❝❛t✐♦♥s ♦❢ Indra ✐s t❤❛t ❢♦r ❡✈❡r②
❛❝t✐♦♥ ❤✐s ❛❞❡♣ts ♣❧❛❝❡ ❤✐♠ ✐♥ ❢r♦♥t✹ ✳ ❚❤❡r❡ ✐s ❡✈❡♥ ❛♥ ✐♥❥✉♥❝t✐♦♥✺
t♦ ❡♥❣❛❣❡ ✐♥ s✐♥❣✐♥❣✱ r❡❝✐t❛t✐♦♥s ❛♥❞ ❡①❡❝✉t✐♥❣ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛s ♦♥❧② ✇❤❡♥
Indra ✐s ❝❛❧❧❡❞ ✉♣♦♥✳
❲❛②s t♦ s✉♠♠♦♥ ♦r ✐♥✈♦❦❡ Indra ❛r❡ ♠❛♥②✻ ✳ ❈❤❛♥t✐♥❣✼ ✱ ✜r❡
♦✛❡r✐♥❣s ✽ ✱ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❣❡st✉r❡s ✾ ✱ ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s ✶✵ ✱ ❛♥❞ Indra✬s
❜❛tt❧❡ ❝r②✶✶ ❛r❡ ♠❡♥t✐♦♥❡❞✳

❙tr❡♥❣t❤❡♥✐♥❣ Indra
Indra ❝❛♥ ❤❛✈❡ ✈❛r✐♦✉s ✐♥t❡♥s✐t②✶ ♦❢ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❛t✐♦♥s✱ ❛♥❞✱ ❛❧t❤♦✉❣❤
✶ ✽✳✶✸✳✶✸ ■ ❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥ t❤❡❡ ✇❤❡♥ s✉♥ ✐s r✐s✐♥❣✱ ■ ❝❛❧❧ ❬✉♣♦♥ t❤❡❡❪ ❛t ♠✐❞❞❛②❀
✽✳✻✹✳✻ ❲❡ ❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥ t❤❡❡ ❛t t❤❡ Soma ♣r❡ss✐♥❣ t❤r♦✉❣❤♦✉t t❤❡ ❞❛② ❛♥❞
♥✐❣❤t✳
✸✳✹✸✳✸ ■ s✉♠♠♦♥ t❤❡❡ ❛❣❛✐♥ ❛♥❞ ❛❣❛✐♥ ✇✐t❤ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❣❡st✉r❡s✱ ❬■✱❪ ❤❛✈✐♥❣
❣❤❡❡ t♦ ❞❡❧✐❣❤t ✐♥ ❛t ❛ ❞r✐♥❦✐♥❣ s✇❡❡ts ❜♦✉t✳
✷ ✻✳✷✶✳✶ ❚❤❡s❡✱ t♦✲❜❡✲s✉♠♠♦♥❡❞ ✈✐s✐♦♥s ❜② t❤❡ ❜❡st✲❛♠♦♥❣✲♠❛♥② s✐♥❣❡r✱ ❝❛❧❧
❛♥❡✇ ✉♣♦♥ t♦✲❜❡✲s✉♠♠♦♥❡❞ t❤❡❡
✸ ✶✳✶✸✷✳✷ ❉✉r✐♥❣ ✢✉rr② ♦❢ ✇♦r❞s ♦❢ ❣❡tt✐♥❣✲❛t✲❬♦♣♣♦♥❡♥t❪ ❬❞✐s♣✉t❡❪ ❛t ❛ ❝♦♥✲
t❡st ❢♦r ❣❛✐♥✐♥❣ svàr✱ ❞✉r✐♥❣ ♦♥❡✬s ♦✇♥ ❞❛❜ ♦❢ t❤❛t ✇❤✐❝❤ ❛✇❛❦❡♥s ❬♦♥❡❪ ❛t
❞❛✇♥✱ ❞✉r✐♥❣ ♦♥❡✬s ♦✇♥ ❞❛❜ ♦❢ ❜❡✐♥❣ ♣r❡♣❛r❡❞ ♦♥❡✱ ❞✉r✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❬❡♥t✐r❡❪ ❞❛②
Indra ❬❤❛s❪ t♦ ❜❡ r♦✉s❡❞ ✐♥ t❤❡ ❦♥♦✇♥ ♠❛♥♥❡r ❜② ❡❛❝❤ ❛♥❞ ❡✈❡r② ❤❡❛❞✳
✹ ✶✳✺✺✳✸ ❋❡r♦❝✐♦✉s✱ ❢♦r ❡✈❡r② ❛❝t✐♦♥ ❬t❤♦✉ ❛r❡❪ ♣❧❛❝❡❞ ✐♥ ❢r♦♥t✳
✺ ✽✳✸✷✳✶✼ ❨❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❥♦✐♥ ✐♥ s✐♥❣✐♥❣ ♦♥❧② ✇❤❡♥ t❤❡ ❛st♦♥✐s❤✐♥❣ ♦♥❡ ❬✐s ❝❛❧❧❡❞
✉♣♦♥❪✱ ②❡ s❤❛❧❧ r❡❝✐t❡ ✈❡rs❡s ♦♥❧② ✇❤❡♥ t❤❡ ❛st♦♥✐s❤✐♥❣ ♦♥❡ ❬✐s ❝❛❧❧❡❞ ✉♣♦♥❪✱
②❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❡①❡❝✉t❡ ❛ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛ ♦♥❧② ✇❤❡♥ t❤❡ ❛st♦♥✐s❤✐♥❣ ♦♥❡ ❬✐s ❝❛❧❧❡❞ ✉♣♦♥❪✳
✻ ✷✳✶✽✳✼ s✐♥❝❡ ✐♥ ♠❛♥② ✇❛②s t❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ❜❡❡♥ ✐♥✈♦❦❡❞✱ ❖ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱ ❞♦
♠❛❦❡ t❤②s❡❧❢ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t❡❞ ❞✉r✐♥❣ t❤✐s ♣r❡ss✐♥❣ ❬♦❢ Soma❪✦
✼ ✽✳✻✺✳✸ ■ s✉♠♠♦♥ t❤❡❡✱ ♠✐❣❤t② ❬❛♥❞❪ ❡①❝❡ss✐✈❡✱ ✇✐t❤ ❝❤❛♥ts t♦ ✉s❡ ❬t❤❡♠❪
❧✐❦❡ ❛ ❝♦✇✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❬❢♦r t❤❡❡❪ t♦ ❞r✐♥❦ Soma✳
✽✳✻✻✳✶ ❋♦r ②❡ ❛s ❛ ♣r✐③❡✱ ■✱ ❝❤❛♥t✐♥❣ s♦❧❡♠♥❧② ❞✉r✐♥❣ ❛❞✈❛♥❝✐♥❣ ♦♥ ✐ts
✇❛② ✐♥✈♦❧✈✐♥❣ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ Soma ❬s❛❝r✐✜❝❡❪✱ s✉♠♠♦♥ ✉r❣❡♥t❧② ✇✐t❤ ❡①♣❡❞✐❡♥t
❬♠❡❛♥s❪ t❤❡ ❞♦❡r ✖ ✜♥❞✐♥❣✲❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧✲t❤✐♥❣s Indra t♦ ❤❡❧♣
✽ ✻✳✸✹✳✹ t❤❡ ❝❤❛♥ts t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ✜r❡ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣s ❤❛✈❡ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥❡❞ t❤❡ s✉♠✲
♠♦♥s✳
✾ ✸✳✹✸✳✸ ■ s✉♠♠♦♥ t❤❡❡ ❛❣❛✐♥ ❛♥❞ ❛❣❛✐♥ ✇✐t❤ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❣❡st✉r❡s✱ ❬■✱❪ ❤❛✈✐♥❣
❣❤❡❡ t♦ ❞❡❧✐❣❤t ✐♥ ❛t ❛ ❞r✐♥❦✐♥❣✲s✇❡❡ts ❜♦✉t✳
✶✵ ✻✳✸✺✳✸ ❲❤❡♥ ✇✐❧❧ t❤♦✉ ❣♦ t♦✇❛r❞s ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ✇✐t❤ ❝♦✇s s✉♠♠♦♥s❄
✶✶ ✻✳✸✽✳✷ ❤❡ ✇❤♦ ✐s s♣❡❛❦✐♥❣ r❡✈❡r❜❡r❛t❡s ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ❜❛tt❧❡❝r② ♦❢ Indra s♦ t❤❛t
t❤✐s ✐♥✈♦❝❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ t❤❡ deva ✇♦✉❧❞ t✉r♥ ❤✐♠ ❤❡r❡
✶ ✺✳✸✸✳✷ ❚❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ ✐♥❝r❡❛s❡ ✐♥ ✐♥t❡♥s✐t②❀
✻✳✸✵✳✶ ❍❡ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥❡❞ ❤✐♠s❡❧❢ ❡✈❡♥ ♠♦r❡ ❢♦r ❛ ❞❡❡❞ ♦❢ ✈❛❧♦r
✽✳✼✼✳✸ t❤❡ s❧❛②❡r ♦❢ t❤❡ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡ t♦ s✉✛❡r ✇❛♥t ❜❡❝❛♠❡ ❬t❤❡r❡❢♦r❡❪ ✐♥t❡♥s❡✳
✶✺✵ ❚❡❝❤♥✐q✉❡s
✐♠♠♦rt❛❧✱ ✐s ✇❡❛r✐♥❣ ♦✉t✷ ✳ ❚❤❡r❡❢♦r❡✱ ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡rs s❡❡❦ ✇❛②s t♦
str❡♥❣t❤❡♥ ❤✐♠✸ s♦ t❤❛t Indra ✇♦✉❧❞ ❜❡ ❛❜❧❡ t♦ ♣❡r❢♦r♠ ❛ ❞❡❡❞ ♦❢
✈❛❧♦r✹ ✱ ❞❡❢❡❛t t❤❡ ❞❡♠♦♥✐❝ tr✐❜❡✺ ✱ ❣❛✐♥ ♣r✐③❡s ✻ ✱ ♦r ✐♠♣❛rt ❛ ❜❡♥❡✈♦✲
❧❡♥t st❛t❡ ♦❢ ♠✐♥❞✼ ✳ ❆♠♦♥❣ q✉❛❧✐t✐❡s ♦❢ Indra t❤❛t ❛r❡ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥❡❞✱
♠❡♥t❛❧ ❛♥❞ ❜♦❞✐❧② ✈✐❣♦✉r✽ t❤r♦✉❣❤♦✉t t❤❡ ❜♦❞②✾ ✱ ♠❛♥❧② ♣♦✇❡rs ✶✵
❛♥❞ ♠✐❣❤t✶✶ ❛r❡ ♠❡♥t✐♦♥❡❞✳ Indra ❤✐♠s❡❧❢ ❝❛♥ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥ ❤✐♠s❡❧❢✶✷ ✳
❘❡♣❡❛t❡❞ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❛t✐♦♥s ✶✸ ❛♥❞ ❞❛②✲❛❢t❡r✲❞❛② ♣r❛❝t✐❝❡s ✶✹ ❢♦r
♠♦♥t❤s✱ ♦r ❡✈❡♥ ②❡❛rs ✶✺ ✱ ♠✐❣❤t str❡♥❣t❤❡♥ Indra✳ ❙tr❡♥❣t❤❡♥✐♥❣
♣r❛❝t✐❝❡s ✐♥❝❧✉❞❡ ❝❤❛♥t✐♥❣✱ r❡❝✐t✐♥❣✱ ❛♥❞ s✐♥❣✐♥❣❀ ❞r✐♥❦✐♥❣ Soma❀
✜r❡ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣s✱ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥s✱ ❛♥❞ s♣❡❧❧s❀ ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥s✱ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❣❡s✲
✷ ✸✳✺✶✳✶ ❬✇❤♦ ✐s❪ ✐♠♠♦rt❛❧ ❬❜✉t❪ ✐s ✇❡❛r✐♥❣ ♦✉t ❡✈❡r② ❞❛②
✸ ✽✳✼✵✳✷ r❡✐♥❢♦r❝❡ t❤❛t Indra
✶✵✳✹✸✳✼ ■♥✇❛r❞❧②✲❡①❝✐t❡❞ ♦♥❡s✱ ✇❤❡♥ ✇❡❛r②✱ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥ ❤✐s ♠✐❣❤t ❧✐❦❡ r❛✐♥
❬str❡♥❣t❤❡♥s❪ ❜❛r❧❡② ✇✐t❤ ❝❡❧❡st✐❛❧ ❞❡✇✳
✹ ✻✳✶✾✳✶ ❤❡ ❤❛s ❜❡❝♦♠❡ str♦♥❣❡r ❢♦r ❛ ❞❡❡❞ ♦❢ ✈❛❧♦r❀
✻✳✸✵✳✶ ❍❡ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥❡❞ ❤✐♠s❡❧❢ ❡✈❡♥ ♠♦r❡ ❢♦r ❛ ❞❡❡❞ ♦❢ ✈❛❧♦r
✺ ✷✳✶✶✳✹ ❇❡❝♦♠✐♥❣ str♦♥❣❡r✱ ✉s✐♥❣ t❤❡ s✉♥✱ t❤♦✉ ❝❛♥ s✉❜❞✉❡ ❢♦r ✉s ❞❡♠♦♥✐❝
tr✐❜❡s✳
✸✳✹✼✳✹ ❬t❤❡②✱❪ ✇❤♦ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥❡❞ t❤❡❡ ❞✉r✐♥❣ s❧❛②✐♥❣ ♦❢ t❤❡ s♥❛❦❡✱
✷✳✶✶✳✷✵ ❇❡❝♦♠✐♥❣ str♦♥❣❡r✱ ❤❡ ♦✈❡rt❤r❡✇ Arbuda❀
✶✵✳✶✷✵✳✷ ❍❛✈✐♥❣ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ str♦♥❣❡r t❤r♦✉❣❤ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣
❛❜✉♥❞❛♥t ✈✐❣♦✉r✱ t❤❡ ♦✈❡rt❤r♦✇❡r ❜r✐♥❣s ❢❡❛r t♦ t❤❡ ❞❡♠♦♥✳
✻ ✶✳✹✳✾ t❤❡❡ ✳✳✳ ✇❡ ♠❛❦❡ ✈✐❣♦r♦✉s t♦ ❣❛✐♥ t❤❡ ♣r✐③❡s
✼ ✶✳✶✸✵✳✻ ❢♦r ❜❡♥❡✈♦❧❡♥t st❛t❡ ♦❢ ♠✐♥❞ t❤❡② ❢❛s❤✐♦♥❡❞ t❤❡❡✱ r❡✐♥❢♦r❝✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡❡✱❪
❖ ✐♥✇❛r❞❧② ❡①❝✐t❡❞ ♦♥❡✱ ❞✉r✐♥❣ r✉s❤❡s ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r ❧✐❦❡ ❬t❤❡② r❡✐♥❢♦r❝❡❪ ♣♦s✲
s❡ss✐♥❣ t❤❡ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r t❤♦r♦✉❣❤❜r❡❞
✽ ✽✳✻✷✳✶ ❖✛❡r✐♥❣ Soma ❬❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s❪ ❛✉❣♠❡♥t ✇✐t❤ r❡❝✐t❡❞ ✈❡rs❡s Indra✬s
❣❧❛❞s♦♠❡ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❛♥❞ ❜♦❞✐❧② ✈✐❣♦✉r✳
✾ ✸✳✸✹✳✶ ✐♠♣❡❧❧❡❞ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ s❛❝r❡❞ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛ ❬Indra❪ ✐s ❜❡❝♦♠✐♥❣ str♦♥❣❡r
t❤r♦✉❣❤♦✉t t❤❡ ❜♦❞②❀
✶✵ ✶✵✳✹✹✳✷ ▲❡t ✉s str❡♥❣t❤❡♥ ♠❛♥❧② ♣♦✇❡rs ♦❢ t❤❡❡ ✇❤♦ ❤❛s ❞r✉♥❦ ❬Soma❪
✶✶ ✶✵✳✹✸✳✼ ■♥✇❛r❞❧②✲❡①❝✐t❡❞ ♦♥❡s✱ ✇❤❡♥ ✇❡❛r②✱ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥ ❤✐s ♠✐❣❤t ❧✐❦❡ r❛✐♥
❬str❡♥❣t❤❡♥s❪ ❜❛r❧❡② ✇✐t❤ ❝❡❧❡st✐❛❧ ❞❡✇✳
✶✷ ✸✳✹✹✳✷ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥ t❤②s❡❧❢✱ ❖ Indra✱ ✐♥ t❤❡ ❞✐r❡❝t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❛❧❧ ❛✉s♣✐❝✐♦✉s s✐❣♥s✳
✽✳✽✵✳✼ ▼❛❦❡ t❤②s❡❧❢ str♦♥❣
✻✳✸✵✳✶ ❍❡ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥❡❞ ❤✐♠s❡❧❢ ❡✈❡♥ ♠♦r❡ ❢♦r ❛ ❞❡❡❞ ♦❢ ✈❛❧♦r
✽✳✶✷✳✾ ❤❡✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ✇❛②s t♦ ♣r❡✈❛✐❧ ✖ ❧✐❦❡ ✜r❡ ❬❤❛s ✇❛②s t♦ ♣r❡✈❛✐❧❪ ♦✈❡r
t❤✐❝❦❡ts ✖ ❤❛s ❣❛✐♥❡❞ ✐♥ str❡♥❣t❤✳
✶✵✳✶✶✻✳✻ ❬❚✉r♥✐♥❣ ♦❜st❛❝❧❡s❪ ❛✇❛② ❢r♦♠ ✉s✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❛✉❣♠❡♥t❡❞
❜② ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ str❡♥❣t❤s✱ ✉♥❛❜❛t✐♥❣✱ t❤♦✉ s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ ♠❛❞❡ t❤②s❡❧❢
str♦♥❣❡r
✶✸ ✽✳✶✸✳✼ ✐♥ r❛♣t✉r❡✲❛❢t❡r✲r❛♣t✉r❡ t❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ❣r♦✇♥ str♦♥❣ ❢♦r ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ♣❡r✲
❢♦r♠s ✇❡❧❧✳
✶✹ ✽✳✺✸✳✷ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❜❡❝♦♠✐♥❣ str♦♥❣❡r ❞❛②✲❛❢t❡r✲❞❛②✱ ♠❛❞❡ ❛❣✐t❛t❡❞ Kutsa
Atithigva t♦ s❤❛❦❡ ✈❡❤❡♠❡♥t❧②
✶✺ ✻✳✸✽✳✹ ❙✐♥❝❡ ✇❤♦♠ ❛ ✜r❡ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣ ❛♥❞ Soma ✇♦✉❧❞ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥ ✖ Indra ✖
s✐♥❝❡ ❛ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥✱ ❝❤❛♥ts✱ ✈❡rs❡s ❛♥❞ ❛ ♠❛♥✐❝ t❤♦✉❣❤t ✇♦✉❧❞ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥
❬❤✐♠ ❛s ✇❡❧❧❪✱ ❛t ❧❡❛st✱ ❞♦ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥ ❤✐♠ ❞✉r✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❝♦♠✐♥❣ ♦❢ ❞❛✇♥ ❢r♦♠
t❤❡ ❞❛r❦♥❡ss ♦❢ t❤❡ ♥✐❣❤t s♦ t❤❛t t❤❡ ②❡❛rs✱ ♠♦♥t❤s✱ ❞❛②s ❬♦❢ ♣r❛❝t✐❝❡❪ ✇♦✉❧❞
str❡♥❣t❤❡♥ Indra✳
❙tr❡♥❣t❤❡♥✐♥❣ Indra ✶✺✶

t✉r❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ✐♥❞✐❝❛t✐♦♥s ♦❢ rt.a❀ ❣♦✈❡r♥✐♥❣ ♠♦t✐✈❡s ❛♥❞ Marut✲s❀ r✉s❤❡s

♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r
✶✻ ✱ ♦❜t❛✐♥✐♥❣ t❤❡ ✏tr❡❛s✉r❡✑ ✶✼ ✱ ❛♥❞ ❢r❡♥③②✶✽ ✳

✶✾ ✱ r❡❝✐t✐♥❣ ✈❡rs❡s ✷✵ ✱ ❛♥❞ s✐♥❣✐♥❣✷✶ ❛r❡ ♠❡♥t✐♦♥❡❞ ♠♦st

❈❤❛♥t✐♥❣
♦❢t❡♥✳ ❆♥♦t❤❡r ✇❛② t♦ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥ Indra ✐s ❞r✐♥❦✐♥❣ ♦❢ Soma ✳
✷✷

✶✻ ✶✵✳✼✸✳✸ ❘✉s❤❡s ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱ ✇❤✐❝❤ ❬✇❡r❡❪ ❛❧s♦ t❤❡r❡✱ ❞✐❞ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥❡❞ ❬t❤❡❡❪✳
✶✼ ✶✵✳✷✹✳✶ ▼❛❦❡ t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡ t♦ ❜❡ ❡st❛❜❧✐s❤❡❞ ✐♥ ✉s✱ ❬t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡❪ ❧❡❛❞✐♥❣ t♦
❛ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞ ❞✐✛❡r❡♥t t❤✐♥❣s✱ s♦ t❤❛t t❤♦✉ ✇♦✉❧❞ ✐♥t❡♥s✐❢②✳
✶✵✳✷✹✳✷ s❡t ✉♣ ❢♦r ✉s ♠♦st ❡①❝❡❧❧❡♥t✱ t♦✲❜❡✲❝❤♦s❡♥ ❬tr❡❛s✉r❡❪✱ s♦ t❤❛t t❤♦✉
✇♦✉❧❞ ✐♥t❡♥s✐❢②✳
✶✽ ✽✳✻✷✳✷ ❯♥❥♦✐♥❡❞ ✉♥❡q✉❛❧❡❞ ❜② ♠❡♥✱ ❤❡✱ ❛❧♦♥❡ ❬❜✉t❪ ❞❡①t❡r♦✉s✱ ❤❛s ❣❛✐♥❡❞ ✐♥
str❡♥❣t❤ ❜❡②♦♥❞ ♠❛♥② tr✐❜❡s✱ ❬❜❡②♦♥❞❪ ❛❧❧ ❝r❡❛t✉r❡s ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❛ ❢r❡♥③②✳
✶✾ ✶✳✺✳✽ ❍②♠♥s ♦❢ ♣r❛✐s❡ ❤❛✈❡ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥❡❞ t❤❡❡✱ t❤❡ ✈❡rs❡s ❬❤❛✈❡ str❡♥❣t❤✲
❡♥❡❞❪ t❤❡❡✱ ✳✳✳ ▲❡t ♦✉r ❝❤❛♥ts str❡♥❣t❤❡♥ t❤❡❡✦
✶✳✶✶✳✶ ❬■t ✐s❪ Indra ❬t❤❛t❪ ❛❧❧ ❝❤❛♥ts str❡♥❣t❤❡♥❡❞
✻✳✸✼✳✺ ▼❛② Indra✱ ❬❤✐s❪ ♠✐❣❤t str❡♥❣t❤❡♥❡❞✱ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥❡❞ ❜② t❤❡
❝❤❛♥ts
✻✳✹✹✳✶✸ ❤❡✱ ✇❤♦ ❤❛s ❜❡❝♦♠❡ str♦♥❣❡r t❤r♦✉❣❤ ♦❧❞ ❛♥❞ ♥❡✇ ❝❤❛♥ts ♦❢ ❡①✲
t♦❧❧✐♥❣ ❬❤✐♠❪ s❡❡rs
✺✳✷✾✳✶✶ Gaurivı̄ti✬s ❤②♠♥s ♦❢ ♣r❛✐s❡ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥❡❞ t❤❡❡
✽✳✻✳✶ ❬Indra❪ ❤❛s ❜❡❝♦♠❡ str♦♥❣❡r t❤r♦✉❣❤ Vatsa✬s ❤②♠♥s ♦❢ ♣r❛✐s❡✳
✽✳✶✷✳✹ ❚❤✐s ❤②♠♥ ♦❢ ♣r❛✐s❡ t♦ ❬❣❡t t❤②❪ ❛ss✐st❛♥❝❡ ❬✐s❪ ♣✉r✐✜❡❞ ❧✐❦❡ ❣❤❡❡✱
❖ st♦♥❡✲✇✐❡❧❞❡r✱ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ✇❤✐❝❤ ✐♥ ❛♥ ✐♥st❛♥t✱ ✈✐❣♦r♦✉s❧② t❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡
❣r♦✇♥✳
✽✳✶✸✳✶✻ ▲❡t ♦✉r ❝❤❛♥ts str❡♥❣t❤❡♥ Indra✱ ❬❧❡t❪ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❞r♦♣s ♦❢ ♣✉r❡ Soma
❬str❡♥❣t❤❡♥❪ Indra✦
✸✳✸✷✳✶✸ ❢♦r ❛ ♥❡✇ ❜❧❡ss✐♥❣ ■ ❝♦✉❧❞ r♦❧❧ ✭❛s ❛ ❞✐❝❡✮ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ❤❛s ❜❡❝♦♠❡
str♦♥❣❡r ✇✐t❤ ❛♥❝✐❡♥t ❤②♠♥s ♦❢ ♣r❛✐s❡✱ ✇❤♦ ❬❤❛s ❜❡❝♦♠❡ str♦♥❣❡r❪ ✇✐t❤
♥❡✇ ♦♥❡s ❛♥❞ ✇✐t❤ t❤♦s❡ ✐♥ ❜❡t✇❡❡♥✳
✷✵ ✶✳✶✵✳✺ ❋♦r Indra ❛ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥✐♥❣ ✈❡rs❡ ❬✐s❪ t♦ ❜❡ r❡❝✐t❡❞
✷✳✶✶✳✷ ❍❡✱ ❣r♦✇✐♥❣ str♦♥❣❡r ✇✐t❤ r❡❝✐t❡❞ ✈❡rs❡s✱ ❞✐s♣❡rs❡❞ ❡✈❡♥ t❤❡ ❞❡♠♦♥
t❤♦✉❣❤t t♦ ❜❡ ✐♠♠♦rt❛❧✳
✸✳✺✶✳✶ ❜❡❝♦♠✐♥❣ str♦♥❣❡r ❬❜② ❜❡✐♥❣❪ ♠✉❝❤ ✐♥✈♦❦❡❞ ✇✐t❤ ✇❡❧❧✲t✇✐st❡❞ ❬✈❡rs❡s❪
✽✳✻✳✷✶ ❏✉st t❤❡❡✱ ❖ ♠❛st❡r ♦❢ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱ Kan.va✲s ♠❛❞❡ str♦♥❣❡r
✇✐t❤ ❛ r❡❝✐t❡❞ ✈❡rs❡✱ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❞r♦♣s ♦❢ ♣✉r❡ Soma ❬♠❛❞❡ str♦♥❣❡r ❥✉st❪
t❤❡❡✳
✽✳✻✷✳✶ ❖✛❡r✐♥❣ Soma ❬❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s❪ ❛✉❣♠❡♥t ✇✐t❤ r❡❝✐t❡❞ ✈❡rs❡s Indra✬s
❣❧❛❞s♦♠❡ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❛♥❞ ❜♦❞✐❧② ✈✐❣♦✉r✳
✷✶ ✸✳✺✸✳✶ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥ ②♦✉rs❡❧✈❡s ✇✐t❤ s♦♥❣s
✻✳✶✼✳✸ ❍❡❛r t❤❡ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛✱ ❛♥❞ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥ t❤②s❡❧❢ t❤r♦✉❣❤ s♦♥❣s✦
✷✷ ✶✳✶✻✳✻ ❚❤❡s❡ ❞r♦♣s ♦❢ Soma ❥✉✐❝❡✱ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ♦✈❡r t❤❡ s❛❝r✐✜❝✐❛❧ ❣r❛ss ❞r♦♣s
♦❢ ♣✉r❡ Soma ✖ ❞r✐♥❦ t❤❡♠ ❢♦r ❛♥ ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ str❡♥❣t❤✱ ❖ Indra✦
✷✳✶✶✳✶ ❙✐♥❝❡ t❤❡s❡ ✐♥✈✐❣♦r❛t✐♥❣ ❬❧✐❜❛t✐♦♥s❪ ♠❛❦❡ t❤❡❡ str♦♥❣❡r✱ ❬t❤❡②✱❪ s❡❡❦✲
✐♥❣ ✇❤❛t✬s ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧✱ ❬❛r❡❪ ❧✐❦❡ ✢♦✇✐♥❣ r✐✈❡rs✳
✸✳✸✾✳✼ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥❡❞ ❜② Soma
✸✳✹✵✳✼ ❍❛✈✐♥❣ ❞r✉♥❦ Soma✱ ❤❡ ❜❡❝❛♠❡ str♦♥❣❡r✳
✽✳✾✷✳✺ t♦ ❞r✐♥❦ Soma ✖ ❜❡❝❛✉s❡ ♦♥❧② t❤❛t ✐s ❛ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥✐♥❣ ♦❢ ❤✐♠✳
❡t❝✳
✶✺✷ ❚❡❝❤♥✐q✉❡s
❋✐r❡ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣s ✷✸ ✭✐♥ ♣❛rt✐❝✉❧❛r t❤♦s❡ ❢♦r ❢✉❧✜❧❧♠❡♥t ♦❢ ❛ ❞❡s✐r❡✷✹ ✮✱
s♣❡❧❧s ✷✺ ✱ ❛♥❞ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥s ✷✻ ❝❛♥ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥ Indra✳ ❱✐s✉❛❧✐③❛✲
t✐♦♥s ✷✼ ✱ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❣❡st✉r❡s ✷✽ ✱ ✐♥❞✐❝❛t✐♦♥s ♦❢ rt.a✷✾ ✱ ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥✸✵
❛r❡ ❛❧s♦ ♠❡♥t✐♦♥❡❞✳
Indra ❛❞❡♣ts ❛r❡ t♦ ❜❡ ✉♥❞✐str❛❝t❡❞✸✶ ✱ ❢r❡❡ ❢r♦♠ ❤❛tr❡❞ ❛♥❞ ❛♥①✲
✐❡t②✸✷ ✱ ❡♠♣❧♦②✐♥❣ Marut✲s ✸✸ ❛♥❞ ❛♣♣r♦♣r✐❛t❡ ❣♦✈❡r♥✐♥❣ ♠♦t✐✈❡s ✸✹
✐♥ ♦r❞❡r t♦ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥ Indra✳ ❚❤❡✐r ✈❡r② ❧♦♥❣✐♥❣ ❢♦r ❤✐♠ ♠❛❣♥✐✜❡s
❤✐♠✸✺ ✳

✷✸ ✻✳✷✶✳✷ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥❡❞ ❜② ❛ ✜r❡ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣

✸✳✸✷✳✶✷ ❙✐♥❝❡ ❬t❤✐s❪ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡ s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ ❜❡❡♥ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥✐♥❣ ❢♦r t❤❡❡✱ ❖
Indra✱ ❛♥❞ ❢❛✈♦✉r✐t❡ ❛♣♣♦rt✐♦♥❡❞ ❢✉❡❧ ♦❢ ♣r❡ss❡❞ Soma ❬❛s ✇❡❧❧❪
✽✳✶✹✳✺ ❋✐r❡ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣ ♠❛❞❡ Indra
✷✹ ✽✳✾✸✳✷✸ ❋✐r❡✲♦❜❧❛t✐♦♥s ❢♦r ❢✉❧✜❧❧♠❡♥t ♦❢ ❛ ❞❡s✐r❡ ❧❡t t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s ♣♦✉r ♦✉t
t♦✇❛r❞s ❝❛rr②✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡♠❪ ♦✛ ✇✐t❤ ✈✐❣♦✉r ❬Agni❪ ❬t❤✉s❪ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥✐♥❣ Indra
❞✉r✐♥❣ ♣r♦❝❡❡❞✐♥❣ ♦♥ ✐ts ✇❛② ❬s❛❝r✐✜❝❡❪
✷✺ ✶✵✳✼✸✳✷ ❚❤❡② ❤❛✈❡ ❢r❡q✉❡♥t❧② str❡♥❣t❤❡♥❡❞ Indra ✇✐t❤ ❛ s♣❡❧❧✳
✷✻ ✶✳✺✷✳✼ ❙✐♥❝❡ t❤②✱ ❖ Indra✱ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥✐♥❣ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥s ❣❧✐❞❡ t♦✇❛r❞s t❤❡❡
❧✐❦❡ ✇❛✈❡s ❬❣❧✐❞❡❪ ✐♥ ❛ ❧❛❦❡
✸✳✸✹✳✶ ✐♠♣❡❧❧❡❞ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ s❛❝r❡❞ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛ ❬Indra❪ ✐s ❜❡❝♦♠✐♥❣ str♦♥❣❡r
t❤r♦✉❣❤♦✉t t❤❡ ❜♦❞②❀
✻✳✷✸✳✺ ❢♦r Indra t❤❡ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛ ✇✐❧❧ ❜❡ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥✐♥❣ ❛s ✐t s❤♦✉❧❞ ❜❡✳
✽✳✻✷✳✹ ❲❡ s❤❛❧❧ ♣❡r❢♦r♠ ❢♦r t❤❡❡ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥✐♥❣ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥s ✇❤✐❝❤ t❤♦✉
✇✐❧❧ ❡♥❥♦② ❛❣❛✐♥ ❛♥❞ ❛❣❛✐♥✳
✽✳✾✽✳✽ ❋♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥s ✐♥❝r❡❛s❡ t❤❡❡ ❛s ✐❢ ❬t❤♦✉ ✇❡r❡❪ ❛ ♣♦♥❞✱ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤
s✉✐t❛❜❧❡ ❢♦r ❜❛r❧❡② ❬✇❛t❡rs❪ ❞❛②✲❛❢t❡r✲❞❛② ✖ ❡✈❡♥ ❬✇❤❡♥ t❤♦✉ ✇❡r❡❪ ❛❧r❡❛❞②
str❡♥❣t❤❡♥❡❞
✶✵✳✹✾✳✶ ■ s❤❛❧❧ ❝r❡❛t❡ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥ t❤❛t ✐s str❡♥❣t❤❡♥✐♥❣ t♦ ♠❡✳
✶✵✳✺✵✳✹ ❇② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❛ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥ t❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❡①t❡♥s✐✈❡✱ ❛t ❡✈❡r②
♣r❡ss✐♥❣ ❬♦❢ Soma❪ t❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ✇♦rt❤②✲♦❢✲❛✲s❛❝r✐✜❝❡✳
✷✼ ✸✳✺✷✳✻ ✇❡✱ ❞✐s♣❡♥s✐♥❣ ❞❡❧✐❣❤ts✱ ❝♦✉❧❞ ❡♠♣♦✇❡r ❬t❤❡❡❪ ❜② ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥s✳
✷✽ ✻✳✷✸✳✻ ✇❡ ✇✐❧❧ ❞♦ ❛s ♠✉❝❤ ❬t❤❛t ✐s✱ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥✱❪ ❢♦r t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s
♦❢ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❣❡st✉r❡s
✷✾ ✽✳✶✵✵✳✹ ❆❧❧ ✐♥❞✐❝❛t✐♦♥s ♦❢ rta ♠❛❦❡ ♠❡ str♦♥❣❡r✳
✸✵ ✺✳✸✻✳✺ ▼❛② ❜✉❧❧ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥ ❜✉❧❧ t❤❡❡✦
.

✽✳✶✺✳✽ ❚❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ❬str❡♥❣t❤❡♥s❪ t❤② ♠❛♥❧② str❡♥❣t❤

✸✶ ✽✳✾✸✳✾ ❯♥❞✐str❛❝t❡❞✱ ❤❡ ❤❛s ❣r♦✇♥ t♦ ❤❡❧♣ ✐♥ ❞✐r❡ str❛✐❣❤ts✳
✸✷ ✶✵✳✷✹✳✸ ♣r♦t❡❝t ✉s ❢r♦♠ ❤❛tr❡❞✱ ❢r♦♠ ❛♥①✐❡t②✱ s♦ t❤❛t t❤♦✉ ✇♦✉❧❞ ✐♥t❡♥s✐❢②
✸✸ ✸✳✸✺✳✾ ❲❤✐❝❤ Marut✲s t❤♦✉ ❝❛✉s❡❞ t♦ s❤❛r❡ ✐♥ t❤❡ Soma✱ ❖ Indra✱ ✇❤✐❝❤
str❡♥❣t❤❡♥❡❞ t❤❡❡✱ t❤❡② ❜❡❝❛♠❡ t❤② tr♦♦♣❀
✸✹ ✻✳✹✼✳✷✼ ❢r♦♠ ❣♦✈❡r♥✐♥❣ ♠♦t✐✈❡s ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ str❡♥❣t❤ ❬✐s❪ ❢❡t❝❤❡❞❀
✸✺ ✶✳✶✼✽✳✶ ♠❛② ✐t ♥♦t ❢❛❧❧ s❤♦rt ♦❢ ♦✉r ♠❛❣♥✐❢②✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡❡❪ ❧♦♥❣✐♥❣✦
 ✶✺✸

❲❤❛t Indra ✐s ❢♦r ❤✐s ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡rs

ı́ndrasya manyó máda ékamı́chármāsat
sakhyā´ śivā´nyasya pūtádaks.o dhuh.✶

Indra ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡rs ❛♣♣❡❛❧ t♦ Indra t♦ ❜❡ t❤❡✐r ♣r♦t❡❝t✐♦♥ ❛♥❞ s❤❡❧t❡r✱

✷
❛ r❡❢✉❣❡✱ ❛s❦ t♦ ❣✉❛r❞ t❤❡♠ ✱ ❛♥❞ ❜❡ t❤❡✐r ❛r♠♦✉r ✳ ❚❤❡② ❛s❦ ❤✐♠ ✱
✸ ✹
s♦♠❡t✐♠❡s t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ Agni ✺ ❛♥❞ Soma ✻ ✱ s♦♠❡t✐♠❡s t♦❣❡t❤❡r

✇✐t❤ Varun.a ✼ ✱ t♦ str❡t❝❤ ❛ ✇✐❞❡ s❤❡❧t❡r ❢♦r t❤❡♠✳ ■t ✐s ❤❡ ✇❤♦ ✐s

t❤❡ ♣r♦t❡❝t♦r ♦❢ tr✐❜❡s t❤❛t ❛r❡ ❧❡❛❞✐♥❣ ❛ s❡tt❧❡❞ ❧✐❢❡ ✱ ❛♥❞ t❤♦s❡
✽
✇❤♦ ❛r❡ ♦♥ t❤❡ ♠♦✈❡ t♦ ❣❛✐♥ ❛♥❞
✾
❝♦♥q✉❡r ✳ Indra ✐s s♦✉❣❤t ❛❢t❡r

❛s ❛ ❞❡❢❡♥❞❡r ♦❢ ♠❡♥ ✭✷✳✷✵✳✸✱ ✶✵✳✶✹✼✳✺✮✱ ❛♥❞ ❜❡st♦✇✐♥❣✲✇❡❧❧✲❜❡✐♥❣

♣r♦t❡❝t♦r ♦❢ ❛ tr✐❜❡ ✭✶✵✳✶✺✷✳✷✮✳

Indra ✐s s❤✐❡❧❞✐♥❣ str♦♥❣❧②

✶✵ ❧✐❦❡ ❛ ♠❡t❛❧ ❜r❡❛st✲♣❧❛t❡
✶✶ ✳ ❍❡

❣✐✈❡s ♣r♦t❡❝t✐♦♥ ❜♦t❤ ❛t ♦♥❡✬s ❤♦♠❡ ❛♥❞ ❛✇❛② ❢r♦♠ ✐t

✶✷ ✳ ❍❡ ♣r♦✲

t❡❝ts ❤✐s ❛❞❡♣ts✬ ❜♦❞✐❡s ❢r♦♠ ✐♥❥✉r② ✐♥ ❛ ❝♦♠❜❛t

✶✸ ✱ ❛♥❞ ❛❝ts ❛s ❛

✶ ❚❤❡r❡ ✐s ♦♥❧② ♦♥❡ r❡❢✉❣❡ ✖ ✐♥ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ Indra✬s r❛❣❡✳

❘❡✜♥❡❞ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ♣♦✇❡r s❤❛❧❧ ❣✐✈❡ ❤✐s ❞❡str♦②✐♥❣ r❡❛❝t✐✈❡ ✐♠♣✉❧s✐✈❡♥❡ss ❢❡❧✲
❧♦✇s❤✐♣s✳
✷ ✶✳✶✼✹✳✶ ❉♦ ❣✉❛r❞ ♠❡♥✱ ❞♦ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ asura✱ ♣r♦t❡❝t ✉s✦
✸✳✸✶✳✶✹ ❤❡❡❞ ✇❡❧❧ t♦ ✉s✱ ❖ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡✱ ❜❡✐♥❣ ❛ ❣✉❛r❞✐❛♥✦
✺✳✸✽✳✺ ♠❛② ✇❡ ❜❡ ✐♥ t❤② s❤❡❧t❡r✱ ✇❡❧❧ ♣r♦t❡❝t❡❞
✶✳✹✳✻ t❤❡ tr✐❜❡s ♠✐❣❤t s❛②✱ ✏▼✐❣❤t ✇❡ ❜❡ ✐♥ t❤❡ r❡❢✉❣❡ ♦❢ Indra✦✑
✸ ✼✳✸✶✳✻ ❚❤♦✉ ❛r❡ ❛♥ ❛r♠♦✉r ♦❢ ❜r♦❛❞ ❡①t❡♥t
✼✳✸✵✳✹ ❖✛❡r t❤❡ ♠♦st ❡①❝❡❧❧❡♥t ❛r♠♦✉r t♦ ✐♥st✐t✉t♦rs ♦❢ t❤❡ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡✱ ❬s♦
t❤❛t❪ t❤❡②✱ r❡❛❞② t♦ ❤❡❧♣ ❬✉s❪✱ ✇♦✉❧❞ r❡❛❝❤ t❤❡ ♦❧❞ ❛❣❡✦
✹ ✶✳✶✵✷✳✸ ❙tr❡t❝❤ ♦✉t ❛ s❤❡❧t❡r ❢♦r ✉s
✺ ✶✳✷✶✳✻ ❖ Indra ❬❛♥❞❪ Agni✱ str❡t❝❤ ♦✉t ❛ s❤❡❧t❡r ❬❢♦r ✉s❪✦
✼✳✾✹✳✽ ❖ Indra✕Agni✱ str❡t❝❤ ♦✉t ❛ s❤❡❧t❡r ❬❢♦r ✉s❪✦
✻ ✽✳✹✵✳✶✷ ❉♦ ②♦✉ t✇♦ ❬✱Indra ❬❛♥❞❪ Agni✱❪ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❤r❡❡ ❝♦♠♣♦✲
♥❡♥ts r❡❢✉❣❡ ♣r♦t❡❝t ✉s ❬s♦ t❤❛t❪ ✇❡ ♠✐❣❤t ❜❡ ♠❛st❡rs ♦❢ r✐❝❤❡s✦
✼ ✶✳✶✼✳✽ ✇❤❡♥ ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥s ❬❛r❡❪ str✐✈✐♥❣ t♦ ❣❛✐♥ ②♦✉ t✇♦✱ str❡t❝❤ ♦✉t ❛
s❤❡❧t❡r ❢♦r ✉s✦
✼✳✽✷✳✶ ❖ Indra✕Varun
. a✱ ②♦✉ t✇♦ ❞♦ str❡t❝❤ ♦✉t ❛ ❣r❡❛t s❤❡❧t❡r ❢♦r ❬t❤✐s❪
♣r♦❝❡❡❞✐♥❣ ♦♥ ✐ts ✇❛② ❬s❛❝r✐✜❝❡❪✱ ❢♦r ♦✉r tr✐❜❡✱ ♣❡♦♣❧❡✱✳✳
✽ ✶✳✶✵✵✳✼ ❤✐♠ tr✐❜❡s ♦❢ s❡tt❧❡❞ ❧✐❢❡ s❤❛❧❧ ♠❛❦❡ ❛ ♣r♦t❡❝t♦r✳
✶✵✳✺✵✳✺ ❚r✐❜❡s ❤❛✈❡ ❡①♣❡r✐❡♥❝❡❞ t❤② ♠✐❣❤t② ♣r♦t❡❝t✐♦♥✳
✾ ✷✳✶✽✳✽ ▼♦r❡♦✈❡r✱ ✉♥❞❡r t❤❡ ♠♦st ❡①❝❡❧❧❡♥t ♣r♦t❡❝t✐♦♥ ✐♥ ❤❛♥❞✱ ✐♥ ❡✈❡r②
❛❞✈❛♥❝❡ ♠❡ ❝♦✉❧❞ ❜❡ ❝♦♥q✉❡r♦rs✳
✶✵ ✸✳✸✵✳✸ s❤✐❡❧❞✐♥❣ str♦♥❣❧②
✽✳✻✻✳✶✷ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❛ str♦♥❣ s❤✐❡❧❞ ♦♥❡
✽✳✽✶✳✷ s✐♥❝❡ ✇❡ ❤❛✈❡ ❢♦✉♥❞ t❤❡❡ ❬t♦ ❜❡❪ s❤✐❡❧❞✐♥❣ str♦♥❣❧②
✶✶ ✶✵✳✹✽✳✷ ■✱ Indra✱ ❬❛♠❪ t❤❡ ♠♦✉♥❞✱ t❤❡ ❜r❡❛st❬✲♣❧❛t❡❪ ♦❢ atharvan
✶✷ ✶✳✶✷✾✳✾ ❆❝❝♦♠♣❛♥② ✉s ✐♥ ❛ ❞✐st❛♥❝❡ ❬❢r♦♠ ❤♦♠❡❪✱ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥② ❬✉s❪ ❛t ❤♦♠❡✦
✶✸ ✶✳✺✳✶✵ ❇❡✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❝❤❛r❣❡ ♦❢ ❬♦✉r❪ ❜♦❞✐❡s ✳✳✳ ❞♦ ✇❛r❞ ♦✛ t❤❡ ❞❡❛❞❧② ✇❡❛♣♦♥✦
✻✳✹✻✳✶✵ ❚❤❡♥ ❛s ❡✈❡r ✳✳✳ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ♥❡❛r❡st ♣r♦t❡❝t♦r ♦❢ ♦✉r ❜♦❞✐❡s
✸✳✸✶✳✷✵ ■♥❞r❛✱ t❤♦✉ ❬❜❡✐♥❣❪ s♣❡❡❞②✱ ♣r♦t❡❝t ✉s ❢r♦♠ ✐♥❥✉r②
✹✳✷✹✳✸ ❞✉r✐♥❣ ❛ ❝❧♦s❡ ❝♦♠❜❛t ✕ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❛❜❛♥❞♦♥❡❞ ❬t❤❡✐r❪ ❜♦❞✐❡s ❬t♦ t❤❡ ❤❡❛t
✶✺✹ ❲❤❛t Indra ✐s ❢♦r ❤✐s ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡rs
s❡♥tr②✱ ♣r♦❜❛❜❧② ❜② ♠❛❦✐♥❣ s❡♥s❡s ❤②♣❡rs❡♥s✐t✐✈❡✶✹ ✳ ❚♦ ❤✐s ✇♦r✲
s❤✐♣❡rs ✐s ❛ str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞ ✭✽✳✽✵✳✼✮✳
Indra
Indra ✐s t❤❡ ♠❛st❡r✶✺ ✱ ❛♥❞ ♦✈❡rs❡❡r ♦❢ ❤✐s ❛❞❡♣ts✶✻ ❍❡ ✐s ❧✐❦❡
❛ ❢❛t❤❡r✱ ❛ ♠♦t❤❡r ❛♥❞ ❛ s✐st❡r t♦ t❤❡♠✶✼ ✱ ❧✐st❡♥✐♥❣ t♦ t❤❡♠✶✽ ✱
❛♥❞ ❣✐✈✐♥❣ t❤❡♠ ❛ss✐st❛♥❝❡✶✾ ❛♥❞ ❛ ♣♦t❡♥t ❢♦r❡s❡❡✐♥❣ ❝❛r❡✷✵ ✳ ❍❡
✐s ❜❧❡ss✐♥❣ ❤✐s ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡rs✷✶ ✱ ❛♥❞ ♣r♦t❡❝ts t❤❡♠ ❢r♦♠ ✐♥❥✉r②✷✷ ✱ ❡r✲
r♦rs✷✸ ✱ ❛♥❞ t❤❡ s❡♥s❡ ♦❢ s❡❧❢✲✐♠♣♦rt❛♥❝❡✷✹ ✳ ❍❡ ✐s t❤❡✐r ❝❤❛♠♣✐♦♥
❛♥❞ ❛❞✈♦❝❛t❡✷✺ ✳ ❍❡ ✐s t❤❡✐r ❝❤✐❡❢t❛✐♥✷✻ ✱ ❧❡❛❞❡r ❛♥❞ ❝♦♠♠❛♥❞❡r✷✼ ✱
t❤❡ s♦❧❡ s♦✈❡r❡✐❣♥ ♦❢ ❛❧❧ ❢❛❝❡ts ♦❢ ❡①✐st❡♥❝❡ ✭✻✳✸✻✳✹✮✳
▼❡♥t❛❧ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t✐♦♥ ❛♥❞ ❝♦❤❡r❡♥❝❡ t❤❛t Indra ✐♠♣❛rts ❛r❡ ❛♥ ❡①✲

♦❢ ❛ ❜❛tt❧❡❪ t❤❡② s❤❛❧❧ ❡♠♣❧♦② ❬❤✐♠ ❛s ❛❪ ♣r♦t❡❝t♦r✳

✽✳✻✶✳✶✺ ▼❛② ❤❡ ♣r♦t❡❝t ✉s ❢r♦♠ ❜❡❤✐♥❞ ❬❛♥❞❪ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ❢r♦♥t✦
✶✵✳✶✸✶✳✶ P✉s❤ ❛✇❛② ❤♦st✐❧❡s ❝♦♠✐♥❣ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ❢r♦♥t✱ ❛✇❛② t❤♦s❡ ❝♦♠✐♥❣
❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ❜❡❤✐♥❞✱ ❛✇❛② t❤♦s❡ ❝♦♠✐♥❣ ❢r♦♠ ❛❜♦✈❡✱ ❛✇❛② t❤♦s❡ ❝♦♠✐♥❣ ❢r♦♠
❜❡❧♦✇✱ s♦ t❤❛t ✇❡ ♠✐❣❤t r❡❥♦✐❝❡ ✐♥ t❤② ✇✐❞❡ s❤❡❧t❡r✦
✶✹ ✽✳✻✶✳✶✻ ❉♦ t❤♦✉ ✇❛t❝❤ ♦✈❡r ✉s✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❢r♦♠ ❜❡❤✐♥❞✱ ❢r♦♠ ❜❡❧♦✇✱ ❢r♦♠
❛❜♦✈❡✱ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ❢r♦♥t ✖ ♦♥ ❛❧❧ s✐❞❡s✦
✻✳✹✻✳✶✷ ❦❡❡♣ ❛✇❛② ❛♥ ✉♥♥♦t✐❝❡❞ ❤♦st✐❧✐t②
✶✳✶✷✾✳✾ Pr♦t❡❝t ✉s ❢r♦♠ ❛ ❞✐st❛♥❝❡✱ ❢r♦♠ ❛❢❛r ✇✐t❤ ❛ss✐st❛♥❝❡s ❬t❤♦✉ ♣r♦✲
✈✐❞❡❪✦
✶✺ ✶✳✶✶✳✶ ♦✈❡rs❡❡✐♥❣✲✇❤❛t✬s✲r❡❛❧ ♠❛st❡r
✻✳✷✸✳✶✵ ❬s♦ t❤❛t❪ ❥✉st ❤❡ ✇♦✉❧❞ ❜❡ t❤❡ ♠❛st❡r ♦❢ ❛ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ❬♠❛♥❪
✻✳✸✻✳✹ ❚❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ✉♥❡q✉❛❧❡❞ ♠❛st❡r ♦❢ ♠❡♥
✶✻ ✶✳✷✶✳✺ ♠✐❣❤t② ♦✈❡rs❡❡rs ♦❢ s❛❝r✐✜❝✐❛❧ ❛ss❡♠❜❧②✱ ❖ Indra ❬❛♥❞❪ Agni✱✳✳
✶✳✺✷✳✶✸ t❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ♦✈❡rs❡❡r ♦❢ ❬t❤✐s❪ t❛❧❧ ❤❡❧♣✐♥❣✲✐♥✲❞✐r❡✲str❛✐❣❤ts
❤❡r♦
✶✼ ✽✳✾✽✳✶✶ ❙✐♥❝❡ t❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❢♦r ✉s t❤❡ ❢❛t❤❡r ❬❛♥❞❪ t❤❡ ♠♦t❤❡r
✶✵✳✹✽✳✶ ❈r❡❛t✉r❡s ❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥ ♠❡ ❛s ✐❢ ✉♣♦♥ ❢❛t❤❡r✳
✶✵✳✷✸✳✼ ✇❡ ❦♥♦✇ t❤②✱ ❖ deva✱ ❢♦r❡s❡❡✐♥❣ ❝❛r❡ ❬t♦ ❜❡❪ ❧✐❦❡ ❛ s✐st❡r
✶✽ ✸✳✹✾✳✸ ❧✐❦❡ t❤❡ ❢❛t❤❡r ✖ ❡st❡❡♠❡❞✱ ❧✐st❡♥✐♥❣ ✇✐❧❧✐♥❣❧②
✶✾ ✷✳✷✵✳✷ t❤♦✉ ❛r❡ ♣r♦t❡❝t✐♥❣ t❤r♦✉❣❤ ❛ss✐st❛♥❝❡ s❡❡❦✐♥❣✲t♦✲❥♦✐♥✲t❤❡❡ ♣❡♦♣❧❡
✷✵ ✻✳✹✺✳✹ ❢♦r ✉s ❤❡ ✐s ❛ ♣♦t❡♥t ❢♦r❡s❡❡✐♥❣ ❝❛r❡
✼✳✷✾✳✹ t❤♦✉ ❛r❡ ❢♦r ✉s✱ ❖ Indra✱ t❤❡ ❢♦r❡s❡❡✐♥❣ ❝❛r❡ ✖ ❛s ✐❢ ❛ ❢❛t❤❡r
✹✳✶✻✳✶✽ ✇❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❛s❦ t❤❡❡ t❤❡r❡✉♣♦♥ ❢♦r t❤❡ ❢♦r❡s❡❡✐♥❣ ❝❛r❡
✷✶ ✹✳✶✻✳✶✽ ❢♦r ❬t❤✐s❪ ♣r❛✐s❡r t❤♦✉ ❝♦✉❧❞ ❜❡ ♦♥ ❡✈❡r② ♦❝❝❛s✐♦♥ t❤❡ ♦♥❡ ✇❤♦s❡
❜❧❡ss✐♥❣s ❛r❡ ❢❛r✲r❛♥❣✐♥❣✳
✻✳✷✹✳✷ ❜❧❡ss✐♥❣ ♠❡♥
✷✷ ✻✳✷✹✳✶✵ ❋r♦♠ ♥♦✇ ♦♥✱ ❖ Indra✱ ♣r♦t❡❝t ❤✐♠ ❢r♦♠ ✐♥❥✉r②✦
✷✸ ✶✳✶✷✾✳✶✶ Pr♦t❡❝t ✉s ✳✳✳ ❢r♦♠ ❛♥ ❡rr♦r✦
✷✹ ✻✳✹✼✳✶✻ ❍♦st✐❧❡ t♦ t❤♦s❡ ✇❤♦ ❣r♦✇ ❜✐❣ ✇✐t❤ s❡❧❢✲✐♠♣♦rt❛♥❝❡
✷✺ ✶✳✶✵✷✳✶✶✱ ✶✳✶✵✵✳✶✾ ▼❛② Indra ❛❧✇❛②s ❜❡ ❛♥ ❛❞✈♦❝❛t❡ ❢♦r ✉s
✽✳✾✻✳✷✵ ❤❡ ✇✐❧❧ ❜❡ ♦✉r ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ❝❤❛♠♣✐♦♥✱ ❬♦✉r❪ ❛❞✈♦❝❛t❡
✷✻ ✶✵✳✹✾✳✹ ■ s❤❛❧❧ ❞❡✈♦t❡ ♠②s❡❧❢ t♦ ❜❡✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❝❤✐❡❢t❛✐♥ ♦❢ t❤❡ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡r✳
✶✳✸✷✳✶✺ Indra ❬❜❡❝♦♠❡s❪ t❤❡ ❝❤✐❡❢ ♦❢ ❛ ✈❛❣r❛♥t ❬♠❛♥❪ ❬❛♥❞❪ ♦❢ r❡s✐❞✐♥❣ ❬✐♥ ♦♥❡
♣❧❛❝❡❪ ❬♦♥❡❪✱ ♦❢ ❛❜s❡♥❝❡ ♦❢ ♣❛ss✐♦♥ ❛♥❞ ♦❢ ❤♦r♥②♥❡ss ✖ ❬❤❡✱❪ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲
✐♥✲❛r♠s✳
✷✼ ✶✵✳✶✵✸✳✽ Indra ✐s t❤❡ ❧❡❛❞❡r ♦❢ t❤❡s❡ ❬❛r♠✐❡s❪✳
✶✵✳✶✺✷✳✶ ❚❤♦✉ ❛r❡ r❡❛❧❧② ❛ ❣r❡❛t ❝♦♠♠❛♥❞❡r
 ✶✺✺

✷✽ ✳ ❍❡ ♣r♦t❡❝ts ❤✐s ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡rs✬ ♠✐♥❞s ❢r♦♠ ❛♥❣❡r✷✾ ✱

t❡♥s✐✈❡ s❤❡❧t❡r
✸✵ ✸✶
❢r♦♠ ✏t❤❡ s♥❛❦❡✑ ✱ ❢r♦♠ ❛♥ ❡rr♦r ✱ ❢r♦♠ ❛ ❜❛❞ ❝♦✉rs❡ ♦❢ ❛❝✲
✸✷
t✐♦♥ ✐♥ ❛♥ ❛❞✈❡rs✐t② ✱ ❢r♦♠ ❛ ❝✉rs❡✱ ❢r♦♠ ✐♠♣✉❧s✐✈❡♥❡ss ❛♥❞
❤✉♥❣❡r
✸✸ ✱ ❢r♦♠ ❛❧✐❡♥❛t✐♦♥✸✹ ✳ ■♥ t❤❡ s❤❡❧t❡r Indra ♣r♦✈✐❞❡s✱ ♠❡♥
❝❛♥ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥ ❤✐♠✱ ✐♥❝r❡❛s❡ ❤✐s ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡ t❤❡♠✱ ❛♥❞ ❤✐s
r❡s♦✉r❝❡❢✉❧♥❡ss
✸✺ ✱ ❝❛♥ ♦❜t❛✐♥ ❤✐❣❤✲s♣✐r✐t❡❞ ♠✐♥❞s❡ts✸✻ ✳

Indra ♣r♦t❡❝ts t❤♦s❡ ✇❤♦ ❛r❡ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s t♦ ❤✐♠✸✼ ✱ ✇❤♦ ♣r❡ss Soma
❢♦r ❤✐♠
✸✽ ✱ t❤♦s❡ ✇❤♦ ❧♦♥❣ ❢♦r ❤✐♠ ❛♥❞ s❡❡❦ t♦ ❥♦✐♥ ❤✐♠✸✾ ✳ ❍❡
❣✉❛r❞s t❤♦s❡ ✇❤♦ ❛r❡ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❡❞❣❡✱ ❛♥❞ t❤♦s❡ ✇❤♦ ❛r❡ ✐♥ t❤❡ ♠✐❞st
♦❢ tr♦✉❜❧❡s
✹✵ ✱ ❤❡ ♣r♦t❡❝ts ❡✈❡♥ ❛ tr❛♠♣❧❡❞ ❞♦✇♥ ♠❛♥✹✶ ✳
✹✷
❍❡ ❝❛♥ ❜❡ t❤❡ ❧❡❛st t❡❛r✐♥❣ ♠❡♥ ❛♣❛rt ♣r♦t❡❝t♦r ✳ ❍❡ ✐s ❧✐❦❡
❝❛rr②✐♥❣ ❛❝r♦ss tr♦✉❜❧❡s ❜♦❛t ✳
✹✸

Indra ✐s ❛ ❧❡❛❞❡r ❛♥❞ ❛ ❣✉✐❞❡ ✇❤♦ ❞❛r✐♥❣❧② ❧❡❛❞s ❤✐s ✇♦r✲

s❤✐♣❡rs t♦ ✇❤❛t ✐s ❜❡tt❡r
✹✹ ✱ t♦✇❛r❞s ❢r❡q✉❡♥t ♠✉❧t✐t✉❞❡ ♦❢ ✏tr❡❛✲

✷✽ ✼✳✽✷✳✶✵ ▲❡t Indra✱ Varun.a✱ Mitra✱ Aryaman ❡①t❡♥❞ ❢♦r ✉s t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦
✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t❡ ✖ t❤❡ ❣r❡❛t ❡①t❡♥s✐✈❡ s❤❡❧t❡r✦
✽✳✾✼✳✶✺ ▼❛② t❤❛t ❝♦❤❡r❡♥❝❡✱ ❖ Indra✱ ♣r♦t❡❝t ♠❡
✷✾ ✶✵✳✶✺✷✳✺ ❙tr❡t❝❤ ♦✉t ❛ s❤❡❧t❡r ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ❛♥❣❡r
✸✵ ✽✳✾✸✳✶✹✲✶✺ ✇❤❡♥ ❛❧❧ deva✲s st❡♣♣❡❞ ❛s✐❞❡ ❜❡❝❛✉s❡ ♦❢ s♥❛❦❡✬s ✈❡❤❡♠❡♥❝❡ ✳✳✱
t❤❡♥ ❤❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ♠② ♣r♦t❡❝t✐♦♥❀
✸✶ ✶✳✶✷✾✳✶✶ Pr♦t❡❝t ✉s ✳✳✳ ❢r♦♠ ❛♥ ❡rr♦r✦
✸✷ ✶✳✶✷✶✳✶✹ ❉♦ t❤♦✉ ♣r♦t❡❝t ✉s✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❢r♦♠ t❤✐s ❤❛r♠✱ ❢r♦♠ ❛ ❜❛❞ ❝♦✉rs❡
✐♥ ❛♥ ❛❞✈❡rs✐t②
✸✸ ✽✳✻✻✳✶✹ ❉♦ t❤♦✉ ❞❡❢❡♥❞ ✉s ❢r♦♠ ❛ ❝✉rs❡✱ ❢r♦♠ t❤✐s ✐♠♣✉❧s✐✈❡♥❡ss ❛♥❞
❤✉♥❣❡r✦
✸✹ ✶✳✶✻✾✳✶ ❛❣❛✐♥st ❡✈❡♥ ❛ ❣r❡❛t ❛❧✐❡♥❛t✐♦♥ t❤♦✉ ❛r❡ ❛ ♣r♦t❡❝t♦r
✸✺ ✽✳✻✷✳✶✵ ■♥ t❤❡ s❤❡❧t❡r ♦❢ t❤❡❡ t❤❡② ❤❛✈❡ ❢r❡q✉❡♥t❧② ✐♥❝r❡❛s❡❞ t❤② ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❡❞
♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱ t❤❡❡✱ t❤② r❡s♦✉r❝❡❢✉❧♥❡ss
✸✻ ✽✳✾✵✳✻ ▲✐❦❡ ❛ ❣r❡❛t ❛♥t❡❧♦♣❡ s❦✐♥ ❬❛r❡❪ t❤②✱ ❖ Indra✱ ♣r♦t❡❝t✐♦♥s ✖ s♦ t❤❛t
t❤② ❤✐❣❤✲s♣✐r✐t❡❞ ♠✐♥❞s❡ts ✇♦✉❧❞ r❡❛❝❤ ✉s✦
✸✼ ✻✳✸✼✳✹ s❤✐❡❧❞✐♥❣✲♠♦st✲str♦♥❣❧② ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡s
✸✽ ✶✵✳✷✽✳✷ ■♥ ❛❧❧ ❡♥❝❧♦s✉r❡s ■ ♣r♦t❡❝t t❤❛t ♦♥❡✱ ✇❤♦✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ Soma ♣r❡ss❡❞✱
s❛t❡s ♠② t✇♦ ❝❛✈✐t✐❡s✳
✸✾ ✶✳✶✵✷✳✸ ❙tr❡t❝❤ ♦✉t ❛ s❤❡❧t❡r ❢♦r ✉s✱ ✇❤♦ ❛r❡ ❧♦♥❣✐♥❣ ❢♦r t❤❡❡
✷✳✷✵✳✷ t❤♦✉ ❛r❡ ♣r♦t❡❝t✐♥❣ t❤r♦✉❣❤ ❛ss✐st❛♥❝❡ s❡❡❦✐♥❣✲t♦✲❥♦✐♥✲t❤❡❡ ♣❡♦♣❧❡✳
✹✵ ✽✳✻✶✳✶✺ ❤❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❣✉❛r❞ t❤❛t ♦♥❡ ♦❢ ✉s ❬✇❤♦ ✐s❪ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❡❞❣❡✱ ❬❛♥❞❪ t❤❛t ♦♥❡
❬✇❤♦ ✐s❪ ✐♥ t❤❡ ♠✐❞st ❬♦❢ tr♦✉❜❧❡s❪
✹✶ ✽✳✼✼✳✶✶ ♣r♦t❡❝t✐♥❣ ❡✈❡♥ tr❛♠♣❧❡❞ ❞♦✇♥ ♦♥❡✱ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥✐♥❣ tr❛♠♣❧❡❞ ❞♦✇♥
♦♥❡
✹✷ ✶✳✶✼✹✳✶✵ ❚❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❝❛♥ ❜❡ ❢♦r ✉s ♦♥ ❛❧❧ ♦❝❝❛s✐♦♥s t❤❡ ❧❡❛st t❡❛r✐♥❣✲
♠❡♥✲❛♣❛rt✱ ❛ ♣r♦t❡❝t♦r ♦❢ ♠❡♥✳
✼✳✶✾✳✼ ❉♦ ♣r♦t❡❝ts ✉s ✇✐t❤ ♥♦♥✲t❡❛r✐♥❣ ❛r♠♦✉r✦
✹✸ ✶✳✶✸✶✳✷ ❙✉❝❤ t❤❡❡ ✇❡ s❤❛❧❧ s❡t✉♣ ❛t t❤❡ ❝❤❛r✐♦t✲♣♦❧❡ ♦❢ ❤✐❣❤s♣✐r✐t❡❞ ❬♠❛♥✐❝
t❤♦✉❣❤t❪ ✖ ❛s ❛ ❝❛rr②✐♥❣ ❛❝r♦ss ❜♦❛t
✹✹ ✽✳✶✻✳✶✵ ✇❤♦ ❧❡❛❞s t♦✇❛r❞s ✇❤❛t ✐s ❜❡tt❡r
✽✳✷✶✳✾ ❲❤♦ ❜❡❢♦r❡ ❤❛s ❧❡❛❞ ✉s ❢♦rt❤ t♦ t❤✐s✲❛♥❞✲t❤❛t✱ t♦ ✇❤❛t✬s ❜❡tt❡r
✹✳✷✶✳✹ ❬❛♥❞❪ t❤❡♥ ❞❛r✐♥❣❧② ❧❡❛❞s t♦✇❛r❞s ✇❤❛t ✐s ❜❡tt❡r✳
✶✺✻ ❲❤❛t Indra ✐s ❢♦r ❤✐s ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡rs
s✉r❡s✑ ✭✹✳✷✵✳✽✮✳ ❍❡ ✐s ❛ ♣❛t❤✲♠❛❦❡r
✹✺ ✇❤♦ ✐s t♦ ❜❡ ❝❛❧❧❡❞ ✉♣♦♥
❞✉r✐♥❣ ❛ ❥♦✉r♥❡② ✭✶✳✸✸✳✷✮✱ ✇❤♦ ✐s ❛ t❡❛❝❤❡r ♦❢ ♠❡♥ ❞✉r✐♥❣ ❝♦♥✲
✢✐❝ts ✭✹✳✷✵✳✽✮✳ ❍❡ ❣✉✐❞❡s ❤✐s ✐♥✈♦❦❡r ✇✐t❤ ✈❛r✐♦✉s ❛♥❞ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞❢♦❧❞
♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❤❡❧♣✐♥❣ ✭✻✳✷✸✳✸✱ ✶✳✸✵✳✽✮✳ ❍❡ ✐s ❛ ✇❛t❝❤❢✉❧ ❣✉✐❞❡ ✭✹✳✶✻✳✷✮✱
✹✻ ✱ ❛♥❞ tr❛♥s♣♦rt❡r ❛❝r♦ss ❞✐✣❝✉❧t✐❡s✹✼ ✳ ❍❡ ❝❛rr✐❡s ❛❝r♦ss
❛ r❡s❝✉❡r
✹✽
♠♦✉♥t❛✐♥ s❧♦♣❡s ❛♥❞ ✇❛t❡r✲✇❛②s ✱ ❛s ✇❡❧❧ ❛s ❛❝r♦ss ❤❛tr❡❞s✱ ❛♥①✲
✐❡t②✱ ❛♥❞ tr♦✉❜❧❡s
✹✾ ✱ ❛❝r♦ss ❞❛♥❣❡rs ❛♥❞ ♦❜st❛❝❧❡s✺✵ ✱ ❛✇❛② ❢r♦♠
✺✶
❡✈✐❧ ✳ ❍❡ ❣✐✈❡s ❛♥ ❡❛s② ♣❛ss❛❣❡
✺✷ ❛♥❞ ❝❛rr✐❡s ❛❝r♦ss ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢
✏♠②st❡r✐♦✉s ❤❛✈✐♥❣✲❢✉❧❧✲♣♦✇❡r r❛♣t✉r❡s✑ ✭✽✳✶✻✳✹✮✳ Indra ❡♥❞❡❛✈♦rs
t♦ ♦❜t❛✐♥ ❛♥ ✉♥✐♠♣❡❞❡❞ ♣❛t❤✇❛② ❢♦r ❤✐s ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s
✺✸ ✳ ❋♦r ❛♥ ✐♥✲
✺✹
t❡❧❧✐❣❡♥t ♠❛♥✱ ❤❡ ✜♥❞s ❛ ✇❛② t♦ ♦❜t❛✐♥ ✇❤❛t t❤❡ ♠❛♥ str✐✈❡s ❢♦r ✱
✺✺
❣✐✈❡s ❛ ❝❤❛♥❝❡ t♦ ♠♦✈❡ ✉♣✇❛r❞s ✱ ❛♥❞ ♠❛❦❡s ♣❛t❤✇❛②s t♦ deva✲s ✳
✺✻

✹✺ ✻✳✷✶✳✶✷ ❙✉❝❤✱ ❜❡✐♥❣ ❦♥♦✇♥ ❛s ♣❛t❤✲♠❛❦✐♥❣✱ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ♦✉r ❧❡❛❞❡r ✐♥ ❡❛s②✲t♦✲

tr❛✈❡rs❡ ❛♥❞ ✐♥ ❤❛r❞✲t♦✲❡s❝❛♣❡ ❬♣❧❛❝❡s❪✦
✹✻ ✽✳✶✻✳✶✶ ❤❡✱ ♦✉r r❡s❝✉❡r✱ ✇♦✉❧❞ ❜r✐♥❣ ❬✉s❪ ♦✈❡r t♦ ✇❡❧❧✲❜❡✐♥❣ ❬❛s ✐❢❪ ❜② s❤✐♣
✹✼ ✹✳✶✼✳✶✼ ❍❛✈✐♥❣ s❤♦✇♥ t❤②s❡❧❢ ❛s ❛♥ ❛❧❧②✱ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ♦✉r tr❛♥s♣♦rt❡r ❬♦✈❡r ❞✐❢✲
✜❝✉❧t✐❡s❪
✻✳✷✻✳✷ ❆ ✜st✲✜❣❤t❡r✱ ✜❣❤t✐♥❣ ♠✐❞st ❜✉❧❧s✱ s❡❡s t❤❡❡ ❞✉r✐♥❣ ❞✐✣❝✉❧t✐❡s✱ t❤❡❡✱
♦✈❡rs❡❡r ♦❢ ✇❤❛t✬s r❡❛❧✱ ❛s ❝❛rr②✐♥❣ ❛❝r♦ss ❬t❤❡ ❞✐✣❝✉❧t✐❡s❪✳
✽✳✹✺✳✷✽ ❬✇❤♦ ✐s❪ ✐♥str✉♠❡♥t❛❧ ✐♥ ❝❛rr②✐♥❣ ❛❝r♦ss ♦❢ t❤❡ ❬❝♦♠♠♦♥❪ ♣❡♦♣❧❡
✽✳✾✼✳✶✺ ▼❛♥② t✐♠❡s t❤♦✉ s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ ❝❛rr✐❡❞ ❬♠❡❪ ❛❝r♦ss ❞✐✣❝✉❧t✐❡s ❛s
❬t❤♦✉ ❞✐❞❪ ♦✈❡r ✇❛t❡rs✳
✹✽ ✼✳✶✽✳✺ ❊✈❡♥ t❤❡ ✢♦♦❞s t❤❛t ❤❛✈❡ s♣r❡❛❞ ♦✉t Indra ♠❛❞❡ ❢♦r Sudās ✐♥t♦
❡❛s②✲t♦✲❝r♦ss ❢♦r❞s✳
✼✳✸✷✳✷✼ ❲✐t❤ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱ ✇❡ ♠✐❣❤t ❝r♦ss ♦✈❡r ♠♦✉♥t❛✐♥ s❧♦♣❡s
❬❛♥❞❪ ♥✉♠❡r♦✉s ✇❛t❡r❬✲♦❜st❛❝❧❡s❪✦
✹✾ ✽✳✶✻✳✶✶ ❬❤❡✱❪ ♠✉❝❤ ✐♥✈♦❦❡❞✱ Indra✱ ❬✇♦✉❧❞ ❜r✐♥❣ ✉s❪ ❜❡②♦♥❞ ❛❧❧ ❤❛tr❡❞s✳
✽✳✷✹✳✷✼ ❬❍❡✱❪ ✇❤♦ s❤❛❧❧ ❢r❡❡ ❬✉s❪ ❢r♦♠ ❜❛r❡ ❛♥①✐❡t②
✸✳✸✷✳✶✹ ■ s❤❛❧❧ ❡①t♦❧ Indra ❜❡❢♦r❡ t❤❡ ❡♥❞ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❞❛②✱ ✐♥ ✇❤✐❝❤ ❝❛s❡ ❤❡ s❤❛❧❧
❞❡❧✐✈❡r ❬♠❡❪ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ❛♥①✐❡t② ❧✐❦❡ ❬❤❡ ❞❡❧✐✈❡r❡❞❪ ✉s✳
✼✳✷✸✳✷ ❬✐t ✐s❪ t❤♦✉ ❬✇❤♦❪ s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ ❝❛rr✐❡❞ ✉s ❛❝r♦ss t❤♦s❡ tr♦✉❜❧❡s✳
✺✵ ✶✳✶✸✷✳✺ ❲❤❡♥ t❤❡ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡ ❜② ❬✈❛r✐♦✉s❪ ❞❡s✐❣♥s ♠❛❦❡s ♣❡♦♣❧❡ s❡❡
❤✐♠✱ ✐♥ ❛♥ ❛rr❛♥❣❡❞ ❝♦♥t❡st t❤❡②✱ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ ❛✉❞✐t♦r② ✐♠♣r❡ss✐♦♥✱ ❛tt❛✐♥ ❬t❤❡✐r❪
❛✐♠✱ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ ❛✉❞✐t♦r② ✐♠♣r❡ss✐♦♥✱ t❤❡② s❤❛❧❧ ❝r♦ss ❬♦✈❡r ❞❛♥❣❡rs❪✳
✷✳✶✶✳✶✺ ■♥ ❜❛tt❧❡s t❤♦✉ ❡❛s✐❧② ♠❛❞❡ ✉s str♦♥❣❡r✱ ❖ ❝❛rr②✐♥❣ ❛❝r♦ss ♦♥❡✦
✻✳✶✾✳✶ t✉r♥✐♥❣ ❬♦❜st❛❝❧❡s❪ ❛✇❛② ❢r♦♠ ✉s
✺✶ ✼✳✷✵✳✶ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❬t❤②❪ ❢❛✈♦✉rs ❬t❤♦✉ ❛r❡❪ ♦✉r tr❛♥s♣♦rt❡r t♦ ❛♥ ❛ss❡♠❜❧②
♦❢ ♠❡♥✱ ❬❛✇❛②❪ ❢r♦♠ ❡✈❡♥ ❜✐❣❣❡r ❡✈✐❧
✺✷ ✻✳✹✵✳✸ ❥♦✉r♥❡② ❤❡r❡ ❢♦r ❛♥ ❡❛s② ♣❛ss❛❣❡
✺✸ ✶✳✽✵✳✻ Indra✱ ❜❡❝♦♠✐♥❣ ✐♥✢❛♠❡❞ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ❤❡r❜✱ ❡♥❞❡❛✈♦rs t♦ ♦❜t❛✐♥ ❛♥
✉♥✐♠♣❡❞❡❞ ✇❛② ❢♦r ❬❤✐s❪ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s✳
✷✳✷✵✳✺ ❡♥❞❡❛✈♦r✐♥❣ t♦ ♦❜t❛✐♥ ❛♥ ✉♥✐♠♣❡❞❡❞ ✇❛②
✺✹ ✶✵✳✹✾✳✾ ■ s❤❛❧❧ ✜♥❞ ❢♦r ❛♥ ✐♥t❡❧❧✐❣❡♥t ♠❛♥ ❛♥ ✉♥✐♠♣❡❞❡❞ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ✜❣❤t✐♥❣
✇❛② t♦ ❬✇❤❛t ❤❡ ✐s❪ ❡♥❞❡❛✈♦r✐♥❣ t♦ ♦❜t❛✐♥✳
✺✳✸✵✳✼ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ ❛♥ ✉♥✐♠♣❡❞❡❞ ♣❛t❤✇❛② ❢♦r ❛♥ ✐♥t❡❧❧✐❣❡♥t ♠❛♥
✺✺ ✶✵✳✺✺✳✻ ❣✐✈✐♥❣ ❛ ❝❤❛♥❝❡ t♦ ♠♦✈❡ ✉♣✇❛r❞s
✺✻ ✶✵✳✼✸✳✼ ❋♦r ❛♥ ✐♥t❡❧❧✐❣❡♥t ♠❛♥ t❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ♠❛❞❡ ♣❛t❤✇❛②s t♦ deva✲s ❣❡♥t❧❡
❛s ✐❢ ❧❡❛❞✐♥❣ str❛✐❣❤t ❬t♦ t❤❡♠❪✳
 ✶✺✼

Indra ✐s ❛ ❤❡❧♣❡r✺✼ ✱ ❡s♣❡❝✐❛❧❧② ✇❤❡♥ ✐♥✉♥❞❛t❡❞ ✇✐t❤ Soma✺✽ ❀

❤❡ s✉♣♣♦rts ❡✈❡r② ❛❝t✐♦♥ ✭✶✳✶✶✳✹✮✱ ❜✉t ❤❡ ❤❛s t♦ ❜❡ ❝❤♦s❡♥ ❛s t❤❡
❤❡❧♣❡r✺✾ ✳ ❍❡ ✐s ❛ ♠❛st❡r ♦❢ s❡tt❧❡❞ ❧✐❢❡ ❛♥❞ ♦❢ ❣❡❛r✐♥❣ ✉♣ ❢♦r ✇❛r✻✵ ❀
❤❡ ✐s ❝❛❧❧❡❞ ✉♣♦♥ t♦ ♣r♦✈✐❞❡ s✉❝❝♦r ✭✶✳✸✸✳✷✮✱ t♦ ❤❡❧♣ ❛t ❡✈❡r② ❡♥✲
❣❛❣❡♠❡♥t ❞✉r✐♥❣ ❛ ✇❛r ✭✶✳✸✵✳✼✮✱ t♦ ❤❡❧♣ ✐♥ ❞✐r❡ str❛✐❣❤ts ✭✻✳✷✾✳✻✮✳
■t ✐s Indra ✇❤♦ ❝❤♦♦s❡s ❛ ✇✐♥♥❡r✻✶ ❜② r❡♥❞❡r✐♥❣ ♦♥❡ ❝♦♠♣❡t❡♥t
✭✶✳✻✶✳✶✶✮✱ ❜② ❧❡❛❞✐♥❣ t♦ ❛ s✉♣r❡♠❛❝②✻✷ ✳ ❍❡ ❡♥❛❜❧❡s ♠❡♥ t♦ ♦✈❡r✲
❝♦♠❡ ♣❤②s✐❝❛❧❧② str♦♥❣❡r ♦♣♣♦♥❡♥ts✻✸ ❜② ♠❛❦✐♥❣ t❤♦s❡ ❡❛s✐❡r t♦
♦✈❡r❝♦♠❡✻✹ ✳ ■♥ t✐♠❡s ♦❢ ♣❡❛❝❡✱ ❤❡ ✇❤♦♠ Indra ❤❡❧♣s s❤❛❧❧ ❣r♦✇ ❛s
❛ ❝❤✐❡❢t❛✐♥✱ ❛s ❛♥ ♦✈❡rs❡❡r ♦❢ ✇❤❛t ✐s t♦ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ r❡❛❧ ✭✶✳✺✹✳✼✮✳
Indra ✐s ❛♥ ✐♥❝✐t❡r ♦❢ ❛ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡r✻✺ ✱ ✉r❣✐♥❣ ❛♥❞ ♣r♦❞❞✐♥❣ ❤✐s
✇♦rs❤✐♣❡rs ❛❣❛✐♥ ❛♥❞ ❛❣❛✐♥✻✻ ❧✐❦❡ ❛ ❝❤❛r✐♦t❡❡r✻✼ ✳ ❍❡ ✐♥❝✐t❡s ❛ ♠❡❡❦
♠❛♥✱ ❛ ❢❡❡❜❧❡ ♠❛♥✱ ❛ ❧❡❛r♥❡❞ ♣r✐❡st✱ ❛ ♣r❛✐s❡r ♦❢ ❤✐♠✻✽ ✱ ♣r♦✈♦❦❡s

✺✼ ✷✳✶✷✳✻ ✇❤♦ ♦❢ ❤✐♠✱ ✇❤♦ ✐s ❥♦✐♥❡❞ ❜② ❛ s✐♥❣❡r✱ ✐s ❤❡❧♣❡r✳

✽✳✹✻✳✶✸ ♦✉r ❤❡❧♣❡r ♠✐❞st r✉s❤❡s ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r
✺✽ ✽✳✶✸✳✶✺ ✇❤❡♥ ❛t s❡❛ ❜❡❝❛✉s❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❤❡r❜ ✖ t❤♦✉ ❛r❡ ✐♥❞❡❡❞ ❛ ❤❡❧♣❡r✳
✺✾ ✽✳✷✶✳✷ ✇❡✱ t❤❡ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s✱ ❤❛✈❡ ❝❤♦s❡♥ ❛s t❤❡ ❤❡❧♣❡r
✻✵ ✽✳✸✼✳✺ ❚❤♦✉ ❛r❡ ❛ ♠❛st❡r ♦❢ s❡tt❧❡❞ ❧✐❢❡ ❛♥❞ ♦❢ ❣❡❛r✐♥❣ ✉♣ ❬❢♦r ✇❛r❪ ✇✐t❤ ❛❧❧
❬t❤②❪ ✇❛②s ♦❢ ❤❡❧♣✐♥❣
✻✶ ✶✳✸✸✳✶✹ t❤♦✉ ❢❛✈♦✉r❡❞ ✜❣❤t✐♥❣ r❡s❡♠❜❧✐♥❣ ❛ ❜✉❧❧ Daśadyu✳
✶✳✺✸✳✶✵ ❚❤♦✉ ❢❛✈♦✉r❡❞ Suśravas ✇✐t❤ t❤② s✐❞❡✲❡✛❡❝ts
✶✳✺✸✳✶✵ ❚❤♦✉ ❢❛✈♦✉r❡❞ ✳✳✳ Tūrvayān.a ✇✐t❤ t❤②✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❝♦♥t✐♥✉❛❧ ♣r♦t❡❝✲
t✐♦♥s
✶✳✻✶✳✶✺ ✐♥ ❛ ❤♦rs❡ r❛❝❡ Indra ♣r♦♠♦t❡❞ ♣r❡ss✐♥❣✲♦✉t✲Soma ♦♥❡✳
✻✷ ✽✳✸✼✳✻ ❚❤♦✉ ❧❡❛❞ t♦ ❛ s✉♣r❡♠❛❝② ✖ t❤♦✉ ❞♦ ♥♦t ❬❥✉st❪ ❤❡❧♣ ✇✐t❤ ❛❧❧ ❬t❤②❪
✇❛②s ♦❢ ❤❡❧♣✐♥❣
✻✸ ✼✳✾✽✳✹ ❲❤❡♥ t❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ ♠❛❦❡ ❬✉s❪ ✜❣❤t t❤♦s❡ ❝♦♥s✐❞❡r❡❞ ♠✐❣❤t②✱ ✇❡ ✇✐❧❧
♦✈❡r❝♦♠❡ t❤♦s❡✱ ✇❤♦ ❛r❡ s✉♣❡r✐♦r ❞✉❡ t♦ ❬t❤❡✐r str♦♥❣❡r❪ ❛r♠s✱
✇❤❡♥ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡ ✜❣❤t✐♥❣ s✉rr♦✉♥❞❡❞ ❜② ♠❡♥✱ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤
t❤❡❡ ✇❡ ♠✐❣❤t ✇✐♥ t❤❛t ❣❧♦r✐♦✉s ❜❛tt❧❡✳
✻✹ ✻✳✹✻✳✻ ♠❛❦❡ ❤♦st✐❧❡s ❡❛s②✲t♦✲♦✈❡r❝♦♠❡
✻✺ ✶✳✺✶✳✽ ❇❡❝♦♠❡ ♣♦✇❡r❢✉❧ ✐♥❝✐t❡r ♦❢ t❤❡ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡r✦
✶✵✳✹✾✳✶ ■ s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ✐♥❝✐t❡r ♦❢ ❛ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡r
✶✳✶✷✶✳✶✸ ❚❤♦✉✱ t❤❡ ✐♥❝✐t❡r✱ s❤❛❧❧ ♠❛❦❡ ♠❡♥ ❡♥❥♦② t❤❡ ❜❛② ♠❛r❡s
✻✻ ✶✵✳✹✹✳✶ ❡✈❡r ✉r❣✐♥❣ ❜② ❤✐s ✈❡r② ♥❛t✉r❡
✶✳✻✶✳✶✷ ✉r❣✐♥❣ ❛❣❛✐♥ ❛♥❞ ❛❣❛✐♥
✽✳✾✾✳✼ ✉r❣✐♥❣ ❢♦r✇❛r❞ ❬❡✈❡♥ ✇❤❡♥❪ ♥♦t st✐rr❡❞ ✉♣
✻✳✹✼✳✶✻ ❬❜❡✐♥❣❪ ❝❤✐❡❢t❛✐♥ ♦❢ ❜♦t❤ ❬s✐❞❡s❪✱ Indra ❦❡❡♣s ♣r♦❞❞✐♥❣ ♠♦st ♠❛♥❧②
♦♥❡s ♦❢ ❛ tr✐❜❡✳
✶✵✳✷✷✳✶✵ ❚❤♦✉ s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ ✐♠♣❡❧❧❡❞ t❤♦s❡ ♠❡♥ ❬✇❤♦ ✇❡r❡❪ ✐♥ ♠✐s❡r② t♦
s❧❛② Vr.tra
✻✼ ✽✳✾✾✳✼ ✐♥❝✐t❡r ✇❤♦ ✐s t❤❡ ❜❡st ❝❤❛r✐♦t❡❡r
✶✳✶✶✳✶ t❤❡ ❜❡st ❝❤❛r✐♦t❡❡r ♦❢ ❬❛❧❧❪ ❝❤❛r✐♦t❡❡rs✱ ♦❢ r✉s❤❡s ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱✳✳
✻✽ ✶✵✳✷✹✳✸ ❚❤♦✉ ❛r❡ ✐♥❝✐t❡r ♦❢ ❛ ♠❡❡❦ ❬♠❛♥❪
✷✳✶✷✳✻ ❲❤♦ ✐s ✐♥❝✐t❡r ♦❢ ❛ ♠❡❡❦ ❬♠❛♥❪✱ ✇❤♦ ♦❢ ❛ ❢❡❡❜❧❡ ♦♥❡✱ ✇❤♦ ♦❢ ❛ ❧❡❛r♥❡❞
♣r✐❡st✱ ♦❢ ❛s❦✐♥❣✲❢♦r✲❤❡❧♣ ♣r❛✐s❡r
✷✳✸✵✳✻ ②♦✉ ❛r❡ ✇❤✐♣s t♦ ❛ ♠❡❡❦ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡r
✶✺✽ ❲❤❛t Indra ✐s ❢♦r ❤✐s ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡rs
❛♥❣❡r ✐♥ t❤❡♠✻✾ ✱ ❝❤❛❧❧❡♥❣❡s t❤❡♠✼✵ ✱ ♦✈❡r♣♦✇❡rs t❤❡✐r t❛♠❡♥❡ss✼✶ ✳
❍❡ ❛ttr❛❝ts ❤❡r♦❡s✼✷ ❛♥❞ ❡♥❣❡♥❞❡rs ❛❝t✐♦♥s✼✸ ✳ ❍❡ ✐♥s♣✐r❡s✼✹ ✱ ✐♥st✐✲
❣❛t❡s ✭✽✳✾✽✳✾✱✶✳✶✷✾✳✶✱ ✽✳✹✻✳✷✾✮✱ ❛♥✐♠❛t❡s✼✺ ✱ ❛♥❞ ✐♥✈✐❣♦r❛t❡s✼✻ ✳ ❍❡
❡✛❡❝ts ♦r ✐♥❝✐t❡s ❛♥ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡ t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✼✼ ✱ ❛♥❞ ✉r❣❡s ❣r❡❛t ✈❛❧♦r
✭✶✵✳✷✷✳✸✮✳ ❍❡ ♥♦t ♦♥❧② ✐♥❝✐t❡s✱ ❜✉t ✐s ❛ ♠♦❞❡❧ ❢♦r t❤♦s❡ ✇❤♦ ✜❣❤t✼✽ ✳
❉✉r✐♥❣ ❛ ✜❣❤t✱ ❛♥ ❛❞❡♣t ♦❢ Indra ✐s ❛t t❤❡ ❢r♦♥t✼✾ ✳
Indra ✐s ❛♥ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✽✵ ❛♥❞ ❛ ❞♦❡r✽✶ ✱ ♥♦t ♦♥❧② ❝❤❛♥❣✲
✐♥❣ ❤✐s ❛❞❡♣ts ✐♥s✐❞❡✽✷ ✱ ❜✉t ❛❧s♦ ❝❤❛♥❣✐♥❣ t❤❡✐r s♦❝✐❛❧ r❡❧❛t✐♦♥s

✻✾ ✶✳✺✻✳✸ ♣r♦✈♦❦✐♥❣ ❛♥❣❡r ✐♥ ❬❤✐s❪ ❤❡❧♣❡rs ✷✳✶✷✳✶✺ ❲❤♦ ✳✳✳ ✐s ❧✐❦❡ ❬s♦♠❡t❤✐♥❣❪
♣r♦✈♦❦✐♥❣ ❛♥❣❡r
✼✵ ✷✳✷✵✳✸ ❝❤❛❧❧❡♥❣✐♥❣ ✉s ②♦✉t❤
✼✶ ✻✳✶✽✳✹ t❤♦✉ ❜❡❝❛♠❡ ✇❤❛t ✐s ♦✈❡r♣♦✇❡r✐♥❣ t❛♠❡♥❡ss ♦❢ r❡❜❡❧❧✐♦✉s ❬♠❡❪✳
✼✷ ✽✳✾✷✳✷✽ ❙✐♥❝❡ ♦♥❧② t❤♦✉ ❛r❡ ❛ttr❛❝t✐♥❣ ❤❡r♦❡s
✼✸ ✶✵✳✺✺✳✽ ❡♥❣❡♥❞❡r✐♥❣ ❛❝t✐♦♥s ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❤❛r♥❡ss✐♥❣ ❬t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s❪
✼✹ ✶✳✾✳✻ ■♥s♣✐r❡ ✉s ✇❡❧❧ ✐♥t♦ t❤❛t✱ ❖ Indra
✶✳✶✵✷✳✶✵ ✐♥s♣✐r❡ ✉s✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❛t ❬❛❧❧❪ ❝❤❛❧❧❡♥❣❡s t♦ ❜❛tt❧❡
✼✺ ✻✳✷✻✳✸ ❚❤♦✉ s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ ❛♥✐♠❛t❡❞ t❤❡ ♣♦❡t ❞✉r✐♥❣ ❝r❡❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❛ ❤②♠♥ ♦❢
✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t✐♦♥
✽✳✶✷✳✷ ❇② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ✇❤✐❝❤ ❬❡①❝✐t❡♠❡♥t t❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ❛♥✐♠❛t❡❞❪ ✐rr❡s✐st✐❜❧❡
Daśagva✱ ❬❛♥❞❪ tr❡♠❜❧✐♥❣ Svarn
. ara✱ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ✇❤✐❝❤ t❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ❛♥✐♠❛t❡❞
t❤❡ s❡❛ ✖ t❤❛t ✇❡ ❛s❦ ❬t❤❡❡❪ ❢♦r✳
✼✻ ✶✵✳✺✺✳✽ ✐♥✈✐❣♦r❛t✐♥❣ ❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣
✶✵✳✹✹✳✹ ❚♦ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥✱ t❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡ ❛s ✐❢ ✐♥✈✐❣♦r❛t✐♥❣ ♦❢ t❤♦s❡ ✇❤♦ ❦❡❡♣
✇❛t❝❤
✼✼ ✻✳✹✸✳✹ ❇❡❝♦♠✐♥❣ ✐♥✢❛♠❡❞ ✳✳✳ t❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ r❡♥❞❡r❡❞ ❧✐❜❡r❛❧✐t② ✐♥t♦ ❛♥ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡
t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡
✹✳✷✹✳✶ Indra✱ t❤❡ ✐♥❝✐t❡r ♦❢ t❤❡ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡ t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱✳✳
✼✽ ✶✳✶✵✷✳✻ ❆♥ Indra✱ ❬t❤♦✉❣❤❪ ❧❛❝❦✐♥❣ ♦r❞❡r ❬✐♥ ❤✐s ❛❝t✐♦♥s❪ ❜❡❝❛✉s❡ ♦❢ ❬❤✐s❪
❢r❡♥③② ✐s ❛ ♠♦❞❡❧ ❬❢♦r ♦t❤❡r ✜❣❤t❡rs❪
✼✾ ✶✳✶✸✷✳✻✳ ❍✐♠✱ ✇❤♦ ✇♦✉❧❞ ✜❣❤t ✉s✱ ❞♦ ②♦✉ t✇♦✱ ❖ Indra ❛♥❞ ✏▼♦✉♥t❛✐♥✑✱
❜❡✐♥❣ t✇♦ ✇❛rr✐♦rs ❬✇❤♦ ❛r❡ st❛♥❞✐♥❣❪ ✐♥ ❢r♦♥t
✼✳✸✶✳✻ ❚❤♦✉ ❛r❡ ✳✳✳ ❛ ✇❛rr✐♦r ✇❤♦ ✐s ✐♥ ❢r♦♥t✱ ❖ s❧❛②❡r ♦❢ Vr.tra✦
✽✵ ✶✳✶✸✶✳✺ ❚❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ♣❡r❢♦r♠❡❞ t❤❡ ❞❡❝✐s✐✈❡ ❛❝t✐♦♥ ❢♦r t❤❡s❡ t♦ ❣❛✐♥ ❛❞✈❛♥t❛❣❡
✐♥ ❜❛tt❧❡s✳
✸✳✸✼✳✶ ❋♦r ❦✐❧❧✐♥❣ Vr.tra✬s ❦✐♥❞✱ ❢♦r t❤❡ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡ t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡ ❛♥❞ ❢♦r ✈✐❝t♦r②
✐♥ t❤❡ ❜❛tt❧❡ ✇❡ r♦❧❧ t❤❡❡ ❬❛s ❛ ❞✐❝❡❪✱ ❖ Indra✦
✻✳✸✹✳✷ ❤❛r♥❡ss❡❞ ✖ ❧✐❦❡ ❛ ❝❤❛r✐♦t ✖ ❢♦r t❤❡ ❣r❡❛t ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡ ❬t❤❡
❝♦✉rs❡ ♦❢ ❜❛tt❧❡❪✱ Indra s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡ ♣r❛✐s❡❞ ❜② ✉s ❛❣❛✐♥ ❛♥❞ ❛❣❛✐♥✳
✽✶ ✷✳✶✻✳✷ ❲✐t❤♦✉t ✇❤✐❝❤ ✖ ❬✇✐t❤♦✉t❪ ✈❛st Indra ✖ ♥♦t❤✐♥❣ ✇❤❛ts♦❡✈❡r ❬✐s
❛❝❝♦♠♣❧✐s❤❡❞❪❀
✶✵✳✶✶✷✳✾ ✇✐t❤♦✉t t❤❡❡✱ ❢❛r ❛✇❛② ❬❢r♦♠ t❤❡❡❪✱ ♥♦t❤✐♥❣ ✇❤❛ts♦❡✈❡r ✐s ❛❝❝♦♠✲
♣❧✐s❤❡❞
✻✳✷✻✳✸ ❢♦r Atithigva ❬t❤♦✉❪ ❛r❡ ❛❜♦✉t t♦ ♣❡r❢♦r♠ ✇❤❛t ✐s ♣r❛✐s❡✇♦rt❤②✳
✶✵✳✾✾✳✶✵ ❚❤✐s ♦♥❡ ❬✐s❪ r❡♥❞❡r✐♥❣ s❡r✈✐❝❡ ✇✐t❤ ❤✐s ♠❛♥❧② ❬❧❛❜♦rs❪✱ ❛❝❝♦♠✲
♣❧✐s❤✐♥❣ ✇♦♥❞❡r❢✉❧ ❞❡❡❞s t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ deva✲s
✽✷ ✶✳✺✶✳✻ t❤♦✉ ♠❛❞❡ Śambara s✉❜❥❡❝t t♦ Atithigva✳
✶✳✺✸✳✶✵ ❚❤♦✉ ♠❛❞❡ ❛❣✐t❛t❡❞ Kutsa Atithigva s✉❜❥❡❝t t♦ t❤✐s ❣r❡❛t ②♦✉♥❣
❝❤✐❡❢t❛✐♥✳
✺✳✷✾✳✶✶ t❤♦✉ ♠❛❞❡ Pipru t♦ s✉❜♠✐t t♦ Vaidathina
 ✶✺✾

❛♥❞ st❛t✉s
✽✸ ✳ ❋♦r ❛ ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡r✱ Indra ✐s ❛ s❧❛②❡r ♦❢ Vrtra✽✹ ✱ ❛♥❞
.
✽✺ ✽✻
♦t❤❡r ❞❡♠♦♥s ✱ ❤❡ ❜r❡❛❦s str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞s ✇✐t❤✐♥ ✱ ❛♥❞ st♦♥❡ ✇❛❧❧s
✽✼ ✽✽
✇✐t❤♦✉t ❀ ❤❡ ❛❧s♦ ❞❡str♦②s ✐♥❢❛t✉❛t✐♦♥s ♦❢ ❤✐s ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡rs ✱ t❤❡✐r
r❡❛❝t✐✈❡ ✐♠♣✉❧s✐✈❡♥❡ss
✽✾ ✱ ❛♥❞ ❝✉rs❡s ❝❛st ✉♣♦♥ t❤❡♠✾✵ ✳
Indra ❛❞❡♣ts ❝♦♥s✐❞❡r ❤✐♠ t♦ ❜❡ ❛ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥ ❛❧♦♥❣ ✇✐t❤ ♦t❤❡r
❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s
✾✶ ✱ ❛ ❧♦②❛❧ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥ ✭✹✳✶✻✳✶✽✮✱ ❛♥ ❛❧❧②✾✷ ✱ ❛❧❧✐❛♥❝❡ ✇✐t❤
✾✸
✇❤♦♠ ✐s ❜❡tt❡r t❤❛♥ ✇✐t❤ ❛♥②♦♥❡ ❡❧s❡ ✱ ✏t❤❡ ♠♦st ❢❛t❤❡r❧② ❢❛t❤❡r
♦❢ ❢❛t❤❡rs✑ ✭✹✳✶✼✳✶✼✮✳ ❋♦r t❤❡♠ Indra ✐s✱ ✐♥ ❛❞❞✐t✐♦♥ t♦ ❜❡✐♥❣ ❛♥
❛❧❧② ❛♥❞ ❛ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥✱ ❛ ②♦❦❡♠❛t❡
✾✹ ✱ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ✇❤♦♠ t❤❡②

✽✸ ✻✳✶✽✳✸ ❢♦r ❛ ❝♦♥❞✉❝t✐♥❣ ✉♣✇❛r❞s ♦♥❡ t❤♦✉ ❛❧♦♥❡ ❤❛✈❡ ♣❧❛❝❡❞ t❤❡ tr✐❜❡s
✇✐t❤✐♥ ❬❤✐s❪ r❡❛❝❤✳
✻✳✷✵✳✶✶ ❚❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ❣✐✈❡♥ t♦✲❜❡✲❣✐✈❡♥✲❛✇❛② Navavāstva t♦ t❤❡ ♠✐❣❤t② ❢❛t❤❡r
❬❛s❪ ❤✐s ♦✇♥ ❞❡s❝❡♥❞❛♥t✳
✶✵✳✹✾✳✺ ■ s❤❛❧❧ ❝❛✉s❡ ❛ s❛✈❛❣❡ t♦ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ s✉❜❥❡❝t t♦ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ❤❛s ♦r❛❧ ❧♦r❡ ✖
✐❢ ❤❡ ❞✐❞ ❜❡t❛❦❡ ❤✐♠s❡❧❢ t✐♠❡ ❛❢t❡r t✐♠❡ t♦ ♠❡✱ ♥♦t t♦ ❬❡❛rt❤❧②❪ ❡♥t✐❝❡♠❡♥ts✳
✶✵✳✹✾✳✺ ■ ♠❛❞❡ ❛ s❡tt❧❡r s✉❜♠✐ss✐✈❡ t♦ ❛♥ ❛❣✐t❛t❡❞ ❬❜② ♠❡ ♠❛♥❪✳
✽✹ ✽✳✹✾✳✷ ❆s ❢❛❝✐♥❣ ❛ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ❬❡♥❡♠✐❡s❪ ❬✇❛rr✐♦r❪✱ ❤❡ ❜♦❧❞❧② ❞✐✈❡s ❬✐♥t♦ t❤❡
❢r❛②❪✱ ❢♦r ❛ ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡r ❤❡ s❧❛②s vrtra✲s✳
✷✳✶✾✳✹ ❢♦r ❛ ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡r ❤❡ str✐❦❡s. ❬❞♦✇♥❪ Vr.tra
✶✳✶✸✵✳✼ ❋♦r ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡r Divodāsa✱ ❖ ❞❛♥❝❡r✱ ❬t❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ ♣✐❡r❝❡❪ ♠✐❣❤t②
❬Vr.tra❪ ✇✐t❤ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t ✖ ❢♦r ❬t❤❛t❪ ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡r✱ ❖ ❞❛♥❝❡r✦
✽✺ ✷✳✶✾✳✻ ■♥ ❛ ❞❛② ❤❡ ♠❛❞❡ ✉♥❛❜❛t✐♥❣✱ ❝❛✉s✐♥❣ ❧❛❝❦ ♦❢ ❜❛r❧❡② Śusna t♦ s✉❝❝✉♠❜
t♦ ❝❤❛r✐♦t❡❡r Kutsa❀ ..

✶✳✻✸✳✸ ❚❤♦✉✱ ❬❜❡✐♥❣❪ ❛t ❤❛♥❞✱ ❞✐❞ s❧❛② Śus.n.a ❢♦r ②♦✉♥❣ ❜r✐❧❧✐❛♥t Kutsa ✇❤❡♥
✐♥ ❛♥ ❡♥❝❧♦s✉r❡ ❞✉r✐♥❣ ❛ ✜❣❤t ❬❤❡ ✇❛s ♥❡❛r❧②❪ ❞❡❝❡✐✈❡❞ t♦ s❛t✐❛t❡ ❬t❤❡ ✉r❣❡❪✳
✹✳✶✻✳✶✸ ❚❤♦✉ s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ ❝❛✉s❡❞ s✇❡❧❧❡❞ ✉♣ s❛✈❛❣❡ Pipru t♦ s✉❜❥❡❝t t♦
✽✻ ✶✳✶✸✵✳✼ ❍❡✱ ❖ Indra✱ s❤❛❧❧ ♣✐❡r❝❡ ♥✐♥❡t② ✇❛❧❧s ❢♦r ❛ ❝♦♠♠♦♥❡r✳
R. jiśvan Vaidathina

✶✳✻✸✳✼ ❚❤♦✉ ✳✳✳ ❬❛r❡❪ ✇❛❣✐♥❣ ✇❛r✱ ❛s t❤❛t s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ ❜r♦❦❡♥ ❛❣❛✐♥ ❛♥❞
❛❣❛✐♥ s❡✈❡♥ str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞s ❢♦r Purukutsa
✻✳✸✶✳✹ ❚❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ❬❞❡s♦❧❛t❡❞❪ str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞s ♦❢ Śambara✱ r❡♠♦✈❡❞ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞s
✉♥♦♣♣♦s❡❞ ❬vr.tra✲s❪ ♦❢ t❤❡ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡ t♦ s✉✛❡r ✇❛♥t✱ ✇❤❡r❡✈❡r t❤♦✉ ✇❡r❡ ❡❛❣❡r
t♦ ❤❡❧♣ ✇✐t❤ ❬t❤②❪ ❡♥❛❜❧✐♥❣ ♣♦✇❡r✱ ❖ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② ❡♥❛❜❧✐♥❣ ♣♦✇❡rs ♦♥❡✱
t♦ ♣r❡ss✐♥❣ ❬Soma❪ Divodāsa
✽✼ ✹✳✸✵✳✷✵ ❋♦r ✇♦rs❤✐♣✐♥❣ Divodāsa Indra ❞✐ss❡♠❜❧❡❞ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ♠❛❞❡ ♦❢ st♦♥❡
✇❛❧❧s✳
✽✽ ✼✳✶✵✹✳✷✶ Indra ❜❡❝❛♠❡ ❛ ❞❡str♦②❡r ♦❢ ✐♥❢❛t✉❛t✐♦♥s
✽✾ ✶✵✳✷✸✳✼ ♠❛② t❤② ❢❡❧❧♦✇s❤✐♣s ❜❡ ❢♦r ✉s ❞❡str♦②✐♥❣ r❡❛❝t✐✈❡ ✐♠♣✉❧s✐✈❡♥❡ss✦
✽✳✾✸✳✸ ❤❡✱ Indra✱ ❞❡str♦②✐♥❣ r❡❛❝t✐✈❡ ✐♠♣✉❧s✐✈❡♥❡ss ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥
✾✵ ✶✵✳✺✺✳✽ ❞❡str♦②✐♥❣ ❝✉rs❡s
✾✶ ✶✵✳✹✷✳✶✶ ❛ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥ ✇✐t❤ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s
✾✷ ✽✳✹✺✳✶✽ ❲❤❡♥ t❤♦✉ ✇♦✉❧❞ ❤❡❛r t❤✐s ❝❛❧❧✱ ❛♥❞ ✇♦✉❧❞ ❡✛❡❝t ✇❤❛t ✐s ❞✐✣❝✉❧t
t♦ ❢♦r❣❡t✱ ❬t❤❡♥❪ t❤♦✉ ♠✐❣❤t ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ♦✉r ✐♥♥❡r♠♦st ❛❧❧②✳
✾✸ ✼✳✸✷✳✶✾ t❤❡r❡ ✐s ♥♦ ❜❡tt❡r ❛❧❧✐❛♥❝❡ ❢♦r ✉s ♦t❤❡r t❤❛♥ t❤♦✉ ✖ ♥♦t ❡✈❡♥ ❛
❢❛t❤❡r
✽✳✾✼✳✼ ❚❤♦✉ ❬❛r❡❪ ✇✐t❤ ❛♥ ❛✐❞ ❢♦r ✉s✱ ❥✉st t❤♦✉ ❬❛r❡❪ ❢♦r ✉s ❛♥ ❛❧❧②
✾✹ ✽✳✾✷✳✸✷ ❲✐t❤ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❛s ❛ ②♦❦❡✲♠❛t❡ ✇❡ r❡♣❧② t♦ ❛❞✈❡rs❛r✐❡s ✖ t❤♦✉
❬❛r❡❪ ♦✉rs✱ ✇❡ ❛r❡ t❤✐♥❡✳
✼✳✸✶✳✻ ❚♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ t❤❡❡ ❛s ②♦❦❡♠❛t❡ ■ r❡s♣♦♥❞ ❬t♦ ❛ ❝❤❛❧❧❡♥❣❡❪✳
✽✳✷✶✳✶✶ ■t ✐s ✇✐t❤ t❤❡❡ ✳✳✳ ❛s ❛ ②♦❦❡✲♠❛t❡ ✇❡ r❡♣❧② t♦ t❤❡ s♥♦rt✐♥❣ ♦♥❡
✶✻✵ ❲❤❛t Indra ✐s ❢♦r ❤✐s ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡rs
✇✐❧❧ ✇✐♥
✾✺ ✳ ❋♦r ❤✐s ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s Indra ❞❡str♦②s r❡❛❝t✐✈❡ ✐♠♣✉❧s✐✈❡✲
♥❡ss
✾✻ ❛♥❞ ❞❡❢❡♥❞s t❤❡♠ s♦ t❤❛t t❤❛t t❤❡② ❛r❡ ♥❡✐t❤❡r s❧❛②❡❞✱ ♥♦r
✾✼ ✾✽ ✾✾
♦✈❡r♣♦✇❡r❡❞ ✱ ✐♥s♣✐r❡s t❤❡♠ ✱ ♣r♦♠♦t❡s ✱ ❛♥❞ ♠❛❦❡s t❤❡♠ ❢❛✲
♠♦✉s
✶✵✵ ✳ ❍❡ ✐s ❛❧s♦ t❤❡✐r ❞r✐♥❦✐♥❣ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥ ✇❤❡♥ Soma ✐s ❜❡✐♥❣
✐♠❜✐❜❡❞
✶✵✶ ✳

Indra ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡rs ❣r❛s♣ ❤✐♠ ❧✐❦❡ ✇♦r♥ ♦✉t ♠❡♥ ❣r❛s♣ ❛ st❛✛
✭✽✳✹✺✳✷✵✮ ✖ ❤❡ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥s✱ s✉♣♣♦rts✱ ❛♥❞ ❡♠♣♦✇❡rs t❤❡♠✳ ❍❡
✐♥❢✉s❡s str❡♥❣t❤ ✐♥t♦ t❤❡♠ ✭✶✵✳✷✸✳✻✮✱ ♠❛❦❡s t❤❡♠ str♦♥❣❡r ✐♥ ❜❛t✲
t❧❡s
✶✵✷ ✳ ❍❡ ❣✐✈❡s ♦r r❡❧❡❛s❡s ❛♥ ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ str❡♥❣t❤
✶✵✸ ✱ ❣✐✈❡s
♠❡♥t❛❧ ❛♥❞ ❜♦❞✐❧② ❡♥❡r❣②
✶✵✹ ✭❡✈❡♥ t♦ t❤♦s❡ ✇❤♦ ❛r❡ ♥♦t ✏✐♥✇❛r❞❧②
❡①❝✐t❡❞✑
✶✵✺ ✮✱ ♥♦✉r✐s❤♠❡♥t
✶✵✻ ✱ ✇♦rt❤②✲♦❢✲❢❛♠❡ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✶✵✼ ✱
❛♥❞ ❛ ✏t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✑
✶✵✽ ✳
■♥ ❛ ✜❣❤t ♦r ❛ str✉❣❣❧❡✱ Indra ✐s ❛♥ ✏❛❧❧✲♣❡r✈❛❞✐♥❣ ❧✐❢❡✲❢♦r❝❡ ❛♥❞
❛ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥✐♥❣ ❤❡❧♣❡r✑ ✭✻✳✸✹✳✺✮✳ ❍❡ ✐s ❛ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥❡r ♦❢ ❛♥ ✐♥✲
t❡❧❧✐❣❡♥t ♠❛♥ ❛♥❞ ♦❢ ❛ Soma✲♣r❡ss❡r ✭✽✳✾✽✳✺✲✻✮✳ ❍❡ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥s

✶✳✶✷✾✳✹ ❲❡ ✇✐s❤ ②♦✉r Indra ❬t♦ ❜❡❪ ♦✉rs ❢♦r ❛ ❢♦r❛② ✳✳✳ ❛s ❛ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥
✾✺ ✽✳✻✸✳✶✶ ❲✐t❤ t❤❡❡ ❛s ❛ ②♦❦❡♠❛t❡ ✇❡ s❤❛❧❧ ✇✐♥✦
✾✻ ✷✳✷✵✳✸ ♠❛② ❤❡ ❜❡ ❞❡str♦②✐♥❣ r❡❛❝t✐✈❡ ✐♠♣✉❧s✐✈❡♥❡ss ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥✱ ❛ ❞❡❢❡♥❞❡r
♦❢ ♠❡♥
✾✼ ✶✵✳✶✺✷✳✶ ✇❤♦s❡ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥ ✐s ♥❡✐t❤❡r s❧❛②❡❞✱ ♥♦r ❡✈❡r ♦✈❡r♣♦✇❡r❡❞
✾✽ ✻✳✹✺✳✶✾ ✐♥s♣✐r✐♥❣ ♣r❛✐s❡rs ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥
✾✾ ✹✳✶✼✳✶✽ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❛ ♣r♦♠♦t❡r✱ ❛ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥ ♦❢ t❤♦s❡ ✇❤♦ s❡❡❦ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s❤✐♣
✶✵✵ ✽✳✹✻✳✶✷ ❲❤♦ ♠❛❦❡s ❬❤✐s❪ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥ ❢❛♠♦✉s
✶✵✶ ✶✳✶✷✶✳✶✺ s♦ t❤❛t ✇❡✱ ♠♦st ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s t♦ t❤❡❡✱ ♠✐❣❤t ❜❡ ❬t❤②❪ ❞r✐♥❦✐♥❣ ❝♦♠✲
♣❛♥✐♦♥s✦
✼✳✷✵✳✹ ❞✉r✐♥❣ ✐♥t♦①✐❝❛t✐♦♥s ❤❡ ❤❛s ❜❡❡♥ ❬♠♦st❪ ✜tt✐♥❣ ❬✇❤❡♥❪ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤
t❤❡ ❬Soma❪ ❤❡r❜✳
✽✳✻✶✳✶✶ ✇❡ s❤❛❧❧ ♠❛❦❡ ❜✉❧❧ Indra ✐♥ t❤❡ ♣r❡s❡♥❝❡ ♦❢ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❬Soma❪ ❬♦✉r❪
❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥
✶✵✷ ✷✳✶✶✳✶✺ ■♥ ❜❛tt❧❡s t❤♦✉ ❡❛s✐❧② ♠❛❞❡ ✉s str♦♥❣❡r✱ ❖ ❝❛rr②✐♥❣ ❛❝r♦ss ♦♥❡✦
✷✳✶✶✳✹ ❚❤♦✉ ❛r❡ r❡✐♥❢♦r❝✐♥❣ ✉s✱ ❖ Indra
✶✳✻✶✳✾ ✐♥str✉♠❡♥t❛❧ t♦ ❜❡✐♥❣ ❢♦r❝❡❢✉❧
✶✵✸ ✸✳✺✶✳✹ ❤❡✱ ✇❤♦ ❦♥♦✇s ♠❛♥② tr✐❝❦s✱ ❣✐✈❡s ✇❛② t♦ t❤❡ ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ str❡♥❣t❤
✶✳✶✼✹✳✶ ❣✐✈✐♥❣ ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ str❡♥❣t❤
✽✳✸✳✹ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞ t✐♠❡s ❝✉❧t✐✈❛t❡❞ ❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ str❡♥❣t❤ ❜②
s❡❡rs
✽✳✾✾✳✽ ❝✉❧t✐✈❛t❡❞ ❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ str❡♥❣t❤
✶✵✹ ✸✳✹✾✳✸ ❬❤❡ ✐s❪ ❣✐✈✐♥❣ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❛♥❞ ❜♦❞✐❧② ❡♥❡r❣②
✹✳✶✼✳✶✽ ❜❡✐♥❣ ❡①t♦❧❧❡❞✱ ❖ Indra✱ t❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ ❣✐✈❡ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❛♥❞ ❜♦❞✐❧② ❡♥❡r❣②
t♦ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ♣r❛✐s❡s ❬t❤❡❡❪
✻✳✹✵✳✹ t❤✐s ♦✛❡r✐♥❣ t♦ t❤❡❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❜r✐♥❣ ✈✐❣♦✉r t♦ t❤❡ ❜♦❞②
✶✵✺ ✻✳✹✺✳✷ ■♠♣❛rt✐♥❣ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❛♥❞ ❜♦❞✐❧② ✈✐❣♦✉r ❡✈❡♥ t♦ ♥♦t ✐♥✇❛r❞❧② ❡①❝✐t❡❞
♦♥❡
✶✵✻ ✻✳✹✹✳✶✷ ❢r♦♠ ♦❢ ♦❧❞ t❤♦✉ ❛r❡ ♥♦✉r✐s❤✐♥❣ s✐♥❣❡rs
✶✵✼ ✽✳✾✻✳✷✵ ❍❡ ✇✐❧❧ ❜❡ t❤❡ ❣✐✈❡r ♦❢ ✇♦rt❤②✲♦❢✲❢❛♠❡ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r
✶✵✳✹✼✳✹ ❬❙✐♥❝❡ ✇❡ ❤❛✈❡ ❦♥♦✇♥ t❤❡❡ ❛s❪ ❜❡st♦✇✐♥❣ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r
✶✵✽ ✶✳✽✶✳✹ ❋♦r s✉❝❝❡ss ❬✐♥ t❤❡ ✜❣❤t❪ ❤❡ ❤❛s ♣✉t t❤❡ ✐r♦♥ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t ✐♥t♦
❜r♦✉❣❤t✲♥❡❛r✲t♦✲❡❛❝❤✲♦t❤❡r ❤❛♥❞s✳
 ✶✻✶
❡✈❡♥ ❛ s♠❛❧❧ ✜❣❤t❡r ✭✶✳✽✶✳✷✮✱ ❜r✐♥❣s ❛♥ ♦✉t❝❛st ✉♣✇❛r❞s ✭✷✳✶✸✳✶✷✮✱
❛ ❢♦❧❧♦✇❡r t♦ t❤❡ ❢r♦♥t ✭✻✳✹✼✳✶✺✮✱ ♠❛❦❡s ❛ ✈❛❧✐❛♥t ✇❛rr✐♦r ❛❧❧✲❤❡r♦✐❝
✭✻✳✷✸✳✹✮✱ ❛ ❝r✐♣♣❧❡ t♦ st❛♥❞ ✜r♠✱ ❛♥❞ ❛ ❜❧✐♥❞ t♦ s❡❡ ✭✷✳✶✺✳✼✮ ✖ ❤❡
♠❛❦❡s ❛❧❧ s❤❛❦② t❤✐♥❣s ✜r♠ ✭✻✳✹✻✳✻✮✱ ❛♥❞ ✐♥ ❣❡♥❡r❛❧ ♠❛❣♥✐✜❡s ♦♥❡✬s
♣♦✇❡rs ✭✶✳✺✹✳✷✮✳ ❍❡ ❡♠♣♦✇❡rs ❤✐s ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡rs ❜② ✐♠♣❛rt✐♥❣ t❤❡♠
❤✐s tr❡❛s✉r❡ ✭✽✳✷✶✳✼✮ ❛♥❞ ❤❡❧♣s t❤❡♠ ✇✐t❤ ❤✐s ❡♥❛❜❧✐♥❣ ♣♦✇❡rs ✳ ✶✵✾

Indra ❢♦st❡rs ✐♥ ❤✐s ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡rs ❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣ t♦✲❜❡✲❝❤♦s❡♥ ✭✶✵✳✶✸✸✳✷✮

✖ ❤❡ ♠❛❦❡s ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥s ❡✣❝✐❡♥t ✱ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥s ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❣❡s✲
✶✶✵
t✉r❡s ✱ ❜r✐♥❣s t♦ ❛ r❡❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥ s❤❛r❡❞ ❦♥♦✇❧❡❞❣❡ ✱ ❣✐✈❡s ❝♦♠♣❡✲
✶✶✶ ✶✶✷
t❡♥❝② ✭✽✳✶✷✳✶✺✮✱ ❛♥❞ ❝r❡❛t❡s ✇✐❞❡ ♠❡♥t❛❧ s♣❛❝❡ ✭✹✳✶✼✳✶✼✮✳ ❍❡ ♠❛❦❡s
❤✐s ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡r t♦ t❤✐♥❦ ♦♥ ❤✐s ♦✇♥ ✭✽✳✹✳✶✷✮✱ ❡✛❡❝ts ❢❡❛r❧❡ss♥❡ss✱ ❛♥❞
❣✐✈❡s t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r ♦❢ s❡❧❢✲❞❡t❡r♠✐♥❛t✐♦♥ ✳ ✶✶✸

Indra ❝❤❛♥❣❡s t❤❡ ♠✐♥❞s ♦❢ ❤✐s ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡rs✳ ❍❡ ❣✐✈❡s t❤❡♠

♠❡♥t❛❧ ♣♦✇❡rs ✱ ✉♥❞❡rst❛♥❞✐♥❣ ✱ r❡♥❞❡rs t❤❡♠ ❝♦♠♣❡t❡♥t ✱
✶✶✹ ✶✶✺ ✶✶✻
❛♥❞ ♠❛❦❡s t❤❡♠ r❡s♦✉r❝❡❢✉❧ ✳ ❍❛✈✐♥❣ ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥t ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❡♥✲
✶✶✼
❧✐❣❤t❡♥ ✱ ❤❡ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t❡s ✐♥♥❡r r❡❛❧♠s ✱ ❛♥❞ ❝r❡❛t❡s✱ ♦r ✜♥❞s✱
✶✶✽ ✶✶✾

✶✵✾ ✶✳✻✷✳✶✷ ❞♦ ✇✐s❤ t♦ ❤❡❧♣ ✉s ✇✐t❤ t❤② ❡♥❛❜❧✐♥❣ ♣♦✇❡rs

✶✵✳✺✺✳✻ ❤❡❧♣❢✉❧ ❜② ❡♥❛❜❧✐♥❣
✶✶✵ ✷✳✷✵✳✺ ❍❡ ✳✳✳ ♠❛❞❡ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥s ❡✣❝✐❡♥t✳
✻✳✷✸✳✻ ❙✐♥❝❡ t❤♦✉ ♠❛❞❡ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥s str❡♥❣t❤❡♥✐♥❣ ❬❢♦r ✉s❪
✽✳✸✳✺ ❚♦ ❜❡ ✐♥ t❤❡ ♣r❡s❡♥❝❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❞✐✈✐♥❡ ❬✇❡ ❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥❪ ♦♥❧② Indra✱ ❬✇❡ ❝❛❧❧
✉♣♦♥❪ Indra ❞✉r✐♥❣ ❛❝t✐✈❡✱ ♣r♦❝❡❡❞✐♥❣ ♦♥ ✐ts ✇❛② ❬s❛❝r✐✜❝❡❪✳
✶✶✶ ✶✳✸✸✳✶ ❡♠♣❧♦②✐♥❣ ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s✱ ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤ Indra✱ s♦ t❤❛t ❤❡ ✇♦✉❧❞
❡❛s✐❧② str❡♥❣t❤❡♥ ♦✉r ♣r✐♠✐♥❣ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❣❡st✉r❡
✶✶✷ ✹✳✶✻✳✸ t❤❡ ❜✉❧❧ ❬✐s❪ ❜r✐♥❣✐♥❣ t♦ r❡❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥ ❦♥♦✇❧❡❞❣❡✲s❤❛r✐♥❣ s❡ss✐♦♥s ✖
✇❤❡♥ ❞r✐♥❦✐♥❣ ✉♣ t❤❡ ❧✐❜❛t✐♦♥❀
✶✶✸ ✺✳✸✹✳✶ ❯♥❞❡❝❛②✐♥❣ ✐♠♠❡♥s❡ ♣♦ss❡ss✐♥❣✲♦❢✲svar ♣♦✇❡r ♦❢ s❡❧❢✲❞❡t❡r♠✐♥❛t✐♦♥
❢♦❧❧♦✇s ❛❝❝♦♠♣❧✐s❤✐♥❣ ✇♦♥❞❡r❢✉❧ ❞❡❡❞s✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ♥♦ r✐✈❛❧s ♦♥❡✳
✶✶✹ ✶✵✳✹✼✳✹ ❬❙✐♥❝❡ ✇❡ ❤❛✈❡ ❦♥♦✇♥ t❤❡❡ ❛s❪ ❬❛s❪ ❡♥❞♦✇✐♥❣ ✇✐t❤ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ♣♦✇❡rs
✼✳✸✷✳✶✷ ❤❡ ♣✉ts ✐♥t♦ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ♦✛❡rs Soma t❤❡ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ♣♦✇❡r
✶✶✺ ✶✳✺✶✳✶✹ Indra ✇❛s ♠✐①❡❞ ✐♥t♦ t❤❡ s✉♣❡r✐♦r✐t② ♦❢ ❤❛✈✐♥❣✲❛✲❣♦♦❞✲
✉♥❞❡rst❛♥❞✐♥❣ ♦♥❡✳
✶✶✻ ✶✳✻✶✳✶✶ r❡♥❞❡r✐♥❣ ♦♥❡ ❝♦♠♣❡t❡♥t
✽✳✺✷✳✺ r❡♥❞❡r✐♥❣ ♦♥❡ ❝♦♠♣❡t❡♥t
✶✶✼ ✺✳✸✶✳✶✶ ❆❝❝❡♣t✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❛❞✈❛♥❝❡ ❬♦✉r s❛❝r✐✜❝❡❪ ❤❡ ✇✐❧❧ ♣r♦❝✉r❡ ❢♦r ✉s r❡s♦✉r❝❡✲
❢✉❧♥❡ss✳
✶✶✽ ✹✳✷✶✳✷ ✇❤♦ ❤❛s ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥t ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❡♥❧✐❣❤t❡♥ ❤❛✈✐♥❣✲❛❜✉♥❞❛♥t✲❣✐❢ts ♠❡♥
✶✳✾✳✻ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥t ♣♦✇❡rs t♦ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t❡ ♦♥❡
✶✶✾ ✽✳✻✻✳✹ ❲❤♦ ❢♦r ❛ ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡r r❡✈❡❛❧s ❛❝❝✉♠✉❧❛t❡❞✲❜②✲♠❛♥② tr❡❛s✉r❡ ✖ ❡✈❡♥
❜✉r✐❡❞ ♦♥❡
✶✳✸✸✳✽ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ t❤❡ s✉♥✶✷✵ ❤❡ ♣❧❛❝❡❞ ❛r♦✉♥❞ s❝♦✉ts✳
✶✳✶✸✷✳✹ t❤❛t t❤♦✉ ✉♥❝♦✈❡r❡❞ ❢♦r aṅgiras✲❡s✶✷✶t❤❡ ❡♥❝❧♦s✉r❡
✶✳✶✷✶✳✹ ❲❤❡♥ ❛t ❬t❤❡✐r❪ ✢♦✇✐♥❣ ❢♦rt❤ ❤❡ ✱ ✇❤♦ ❤❛s t❤r❡❡ r❡❣✐♦♥s✶✷✷ ✱ r❡✲
tr❡❛ts✱ t❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ ✉♥❝♦✈❡r t❤❡ ❞♦♦rs ♦❢ t❤❡ ❢♦❡ ♦❢ ❛♥ ❬✐♥t❡❧❧✐❣❡♥t❪ ❤✉♠❛♥✳
✶✳✺✶✳✹ ❚❤♦✉ ✉♥❝♦✈❡r❡❞ ❛❞❞✐t✐♦♥❛❧ ❝♦♥t❛✐♥❡rs ♦❢ ✇❛t❡rs
✸✳✸✹✳✹ ❋♦r ❛♥ ✐♥t❡❧❧✐❣❡♥t ♠❛♥ ❤❡ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t❡❞ t❤❡ ❢♦❝❛❧ ♣♦✐♥t ♦❢ t❤❡ ❞❛②s✱ t♦
❬♦✉r❪ ❣r❡❛t ❞❡❧✐❣❤t ❤❡ ❢♦✉♥❞ t❤❡ ❧✐❣❤t✳
✶✻✷ ❲❤❛t Indra ✐s ❢♦r ❤✐s ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡rs
❡①♣❛♥s✐✈❡ ♠❡♥t❛❧ s♣❛❝❡ ❢♦r t❤❡ ♠✐♥❞ t♦ ✇❛♥❞❡r
✶✷✸ ✱ ❢❛❝✐❧✐t❛t❡s ❝♦♥✲
t❡♠♣❧❛t✐♦♥s
✶✷✺ ✳
Indra ❣✐✈❡s t♦ ❤✐s ❛❞❡♣ts ✈✐s✐♦♥s✶✷✻ ✱ r❛♣t✉r❡ ❛♥❞
♠❛❦❡s t❤❡♠ ❤❡❛r ❞✐✈✐♥❡ ✈♦✐❝❡s
✶✷✼ ✳

Indra ❛✛❡❝ts ❤✐s ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡rs✬ ❡♠♦t✐♦♥s✳ ❍❡ s❤❛tt❡rs t❤❡✐r ❛♥❣❡r✶✷✽

❛♥❞ ♠❛❦❡s t❤❡ s❛✈❛❣❡ s✐❞❡ ♦❢ ❛ ✇❛rr✐♦r t♦ r❡tr❛❝t
✶✷✾ ✱ ❞❡str♦②s r❡✲
❛❝t✐✈❡ ✐♠♣✉❧s✐✈❡♥❡ss
✶✸✵ ✱ ❡✛❛❝❡s ❛♥①✐❡t✐❡s✶✸✷ ✳ ❍❡ ❛❧s♦ ❢♦st❡rs ✇❤❛t
✐s ♠♦❞❡r❛t❡
✶✸✸ ✱ ❣♦✈❡r♥s ❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣ ✉❧t✐♠❛t❡
✶✸✹ ✱ ❛♥❞ ♠❛❦❡s svàr ✐♥
r❡❛❝❤ ♦❢ ❤✐s ❛❞❡♣ts
✶✸✺ ✳ ❍❡ ♠❛❦❡s ✐♥♥❡r ✇❛t❡rs ❡❛s②✲t♦✲✢♦✇✶✸✻ ✱ ❛♥❞
❡❛s② t♦ ❜❡ ✏❝r♦ss❡❞✑
✶✸✼ ✳

❋♦r ❤✐s ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡rs Indra ✐s ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧

✶✸✽ ❀ ❤❡ ✐s t❤❡ ❣✐✈❡r ♦❢
✇❤❛t ✐s ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧
✶✸✾ ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ♠❛st❡r ♦❢ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❧✐s❤♠❡♥t ♦❢ t❤❡✐r ❞❡✲

✶✷✸ ✸✳✸✶✳✶✺ ❍❛✈✐♥❣ ❢♦✉♥❞ ❜r✐❣❤t❧② r❛❞✐❛♥t ❡①♣❛♥s✐✈❡ s♣❛❝❡ ✖ ♦♥❧② ❛❢t❡r t❤❛t
❤❡ ❛❝t✐✈❛t❡❞ ✇❛♥❞❡r✐♥❣ ❢♦r ❤✐s ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s✳
✸✳✸✶✳✷✶ ■♥❞✐❝❛t✐♥❣ ✇❡❧❧✲✜tt✐♥❣ ❬❝❤❛♥ts❪ t❤r♦✉❣❤ ❬❛ ❢❡❡❧✐♥❣ ♦❢❪ ❝♦❤❡r❡♥❝❡✱ ❤❡
❛❧s♦ ♦♣❡♥❡❞ ❛❧❧ ❤✐s ♦✇♥ ❞♦♦rs✳
✹✳✷✶✳✶✵ ❚❤♦✉✱ s❧❛②✐♥❣ Vr.tra✱ s❤❛❧❧ ❝r❡❛t❡ ♠❡♥t❛❧ s♣❛❝❡ ❢♦r ❛ ♠❛♥❀
✻✳✷✵✳✺ ❤❡ ✇♦✉❧❞ ❝r❡❛t❡ ❛ ✇✐❞❡ s♣❛❝❡ ❢♦r ❝❤❛r✐♦t❡❡r ♦♥ t❤❡ s❛♠❡ ❝❤❛r✐♦t ✖
Indra ❬✇♦✉❧❞ ❝r❡❛t❡ ❛ ✇✐❞❡ s♣❛❝❡❪ ❢♦r Kutsa ❞✉r✐♥❣ ❣❛✐♥✐♥❣ t❤❡ s✉♥
✻✳✷✵✳✶✶ ❚❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❤❛s ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❢♦r Uśanas Kāvya ♣r❡❡♠✐♥❡♥t ✖
str❡♥❣t❤❡♥✐♥❣✱ ❬❛♥❞❪ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② ❛ ♠❡♥t❛❧ s♣❛❝❡✳
✻✳✷✸✳✸ ❝r❡❛t♦r ♦❢ s♣❛❝❡ ❢♦r ❛ ♣r❡ss✐♥❣✲Soma ❤❡r♦
✹✳✷✹✳✻ ❍❡✶✷✹ ❝r❡❛t❡s ♠❡♥t❛❧ s♣❛❝❡ ❢♦r s✉❝❤ ♦♥❡ ✇❤♦ t❤✉s ♣r❡ss❡s Soma ❢♦r
❞❡s✐r✐♥❣ ❬✐t❪ Indra✳
✶✷✺ ✶✳✻✷✳✶✷ ❚❤♦✉ ❛r❡ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t✐♥❣✱ r❡s♦✉r❝❡❢✉❧✱ ❢❛❝✐❧✐t❛t✐♥❣ ❝♦♥t❡♠♣❧❛t✐♦♥s
✶✵✳✽✾✳✽ ▲✐❦❡ ❛ ❦♥✐❢❡ ❛ ❥♦✐♥t✱ t❤♦✉✱ ❢❛❝✐❧✐t❛t✐♥❣ ❝♦♥t❡♠♣❧❛t✐♦♥s✱ ❝r✉s❤ ❞❡❝❡✐t✲
❢✉❧ ❬♣❧❛♥s❪✳
✻✳✷✻✳✸ t❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ♣❧✉❝❦❡❞ Śus.n.a ❢♦r ✇♦rs❤✐♣✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡❡❪ Kutsa
✶✷✻ ✸✳✸✹✳✺ ❍❡ r❡♠✐♥❞❡❞ t♦ t❤❡ ♣r❛✐s❡r t❤❡s❡ ✈✐s✐♦♥s✱ ❤❡ ✇❡♥t ❜❡②♦♥❞ t❤✐s tr❛♥s✲
♣❛r❡♥t ♦✉t✇❛r❞ t❤❡✐r ❛♣♣❡❛r❛♥❝❡✳ ✹✳✶✻✳✶✽ ❚❤♦✉ ✇✐❧❧ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ♣r♦♠♦t❡r ♦❢
Vāmadeva✬s ✈✐s✐♦♥s
✶✷✼ ✻✳✷✹✳✶ ■♥ ❬t❤❡ st❛t❡ ♦❢❪ Indra ❬t❤❡r❡ ❛r❡❪ ❜✉❧❧✐s❤ r❛♣t✉r❡✱ ❞✐✈✐♥❡ ✈♦✐❝❡✱ ✈❡rs❡s✳
✶✷✽ ✽✳✹✳✺ ✇✐t❤ ❛ ❢r❡♥③② ❤❡ s❤❛tt❡r❡❞ t❤❡ ❛♥❣❡r
✶✷✾ ✷✳✶✷✳✹ ✇❤♦ ♠❛❞❡ t❤❡ s❛✈❛❣❡ ❝❤❛r❛❝t❡r ❬♦❢ ♦♥❡✬s s❡❧❢❪ t❡♥❞✐♥❣ ❞♦✇♥✇❛r❞s
✐♥t♦ ❛ ❤✐❞✐♥❣✲♣❧❛❝❡
✶✸✵ ✷✳✷✵✳✸ ♠❛② ❤❡ ❜❡ ❞❡str♦②✐♥❣ r❡❛❝t✐✈❡✲✐♠♣✉❧s✐✈❡♥❡ss✶✸✶ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥
✶✸✷ ✹✳✷✵✳✾ ❚♦ ❛ ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡r ❬❤❡ ✐s❪ ♦❢t❡♥ t❤❡ ❜❡st ❛t ❡✛❛❝✐♥❣ ❛♥①✐❡t②
✶✸✸ ✼✳✸✷✳✶✻ ❚❤♦✉ ❢♦st❡r ✇❤❛t ✐s ♠♦❞❡r❛t❡
✶✸✹ ✼✳✸✷✳✶✻ t❤♦✉ ❛❧✇❛②s ❣♦✈❡r♥ ❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣ ✉❧t✐♠❛t❡✳
✶✸✺ ✸✳✸✶✳✶✾ ❚❤♦✉ ♠❛❞❡ svàr ❢♦r ✉s t♦ ❣❛✐♥✳
✶✸✻ ✶✳✶✻✺✳✽ ❋♦r ❛♥ ✐♥t❡❧❧✐❣❡♥t ♠❛♥ t❤❡s❡ ❤❛✈✐♥❣✲❛❧❧♣❡r✈❛❞✐♥❣✲❣❧✐tt❡r ✇❛t❡rs ■✱
❛r♠❡❞ ✇✐t❤ ❛ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✱ ♠❛❞❡ ❡❛s②✲✢♦✇✐♥❣✳
✺✳✸✶✳✻ ❬t❤❡ ❞❡❡❞s❪ ✇❤❡♥ ✳✳✳ t❤♦✉ ❤♦❧❞ ✐♥ ❡q✉✐♣♦✐s❡ ❜♦t❤ Rodas✲❡s ❬t❤✉s❪
✇✐♥♥✐♥❣ ❢♦r ❛♥ ✐♥t❡❧❧✐❣❡♥t ❬♠❛♥❪ ✇❛t❡rs ✇❤♦s❡ ❞r♦♣s ❛r❡ ♠❛♥✐❢♦❧❞✳
✹✳✷✻✳✷ ■ ❬❣❛✈❡❪ t❤❡ r❛✐♥ t♦ ❛ ♠♦rt❛❧ ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡r✳
✶✸✼ ✹✳✶✾✳✻ ❋♦r Turvı̄ti ❬❛♥❞ ❤✐s❪ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥ t❤♦✉ ❬♠❛❞❡❪ ❛ ♠✐❣❤t② ❛❧❧✲♥♦✉r✐s❤✐♥❣
str❡❛♠ ❬t♦ ❜❡❪ ✢♦✇✐♥❣❀ t❤♦✉ r❡✈❡r❡♥t✐❛❧❧② ♠❛❞❡ s❤❛❦✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡♠❪ ✢♦♦❞ t♦
st♦♣❀ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ ♠❛❞❡ t❤❡ r✐✈❡rs ❡❛s② t♦ ❜❡ ❝r♦ss❡❞✳
✶✸✽ ✸✳✹✶✳✼ t❤♦✉ ❛r❡ ❛ttr❛❝t✐♥❣ ✉s✱ ❖ ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧ ♦♥❡✦
✶✸✾ ✻✳✷✸✳✸ ❛❧s♦ ❛ ❣✐✈❡r ♦❢ ✇❤❛t✬s ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧ t♦ ❡①t♦❧❧✐♥❣ ❬❤✐♠❪ ♣r❛✐s❡r
 ✶✻✸
s✐r❡s✶✹✵✳ ❍❡ ❣✐✈❡s s♣♦✐❧s✶✹✶ t♦ t❤❡♠✱ ✇✐♥s ♣r✐③❡s✶✹✷✱ ❛♥❞ ❤❛s ♠❛♥②
❣✐❢ts ❢♦r t❤❡♠✶✹✸✳ ❍❡ ❛♣♣♦rt✐♦♥s t♦ t❤❡♠ ❤✐s ❧✉♠✐♥♦✉s tr❡❛s✉r❡✶✹✹✱
❛♥❞ ❝❛♥ ❣✐✈❡ t❤❡ ♠❛♥❧② ✈✐❣♦✉r✶✹✺✱ ❛ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✶✹✻✱ ❛♥ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡
t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✶✹✼✱ ❛ ♣✐❡❝❡ ♦❢ ❧❛♥❞✶✹✽✱ ❛ ✇✐❢❡✶✹✾✱ ❛♥❞ ❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣ ❧♦✈❡❧②✶✺✵✳
Indra ❜r✐♥❣s t♦ ❤✐s ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s ❣❧♦r②✶✺✶ ❛♥❞ ♠❛❦❡s t❤❡♠ ❢❛✲
♠♦✉s✶✺✷✳ ❍❡ ❧❡❛❞s t♦ ✈✐❝t♦r✐❡s ❛♥❞ ✇♦rt❤② ♦❢ ❢❛♠❡ ❞❡❡❞s✶✺✸✳
❆❧t❤♦✉❣❤ t❤❡ st❛t❡ ♦❢ Indra ✐s ❞✐✣❝✉❧t t♦ ❡♥❞✉r❡✶✺✹✱ ❛♥❞ ❝❛♥ ❜❡
❞❡str✉❝t✐✈❡ t♦ t❤❡ ♦♥❡ ✇❤♦ ✐s ❡①♣❡r✐❡♥❝✐♥❣ ✐t✶✺✺✱ ✐t ✐s ♣r❡❝✐♦✉s t♦ ❤✐s
❛❞❡♣ts ❛♥❞ ✐s ❝♦♥s✐❞❡r❡❞ ❛ ❣♦♦❞ ❢♦rt✉♥❡✶✺✻✳ ❉❡s♣✐t❡ ❤✐s ❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s
♥❛t✉r❡✱ Indra ✐s t❤❡ ♦♥❧② ♦♥❡ ✇❤♦ s❤♦✇s ❝♦♠♣❛ss✐♦♥ t♦✇❛r❞s ❤✐s
✇♦rs❤✐♣❡rs✶✺✼✳
✼✳✷✵✳✷ ❣✐✈❡r ♦❢ ✇❤❛t✬s ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧
✶✹✵ ✽✳✻✶✳✶✹ ♠❛st❡r ♦❢ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❧✐s❤♠❡♥t ♦❢ ❬♦♥❡✬s❪ ❞❡s✐r❡s
✺✳✹✵✳✼ ❚❤♦✉ ❛r❡ ❛ ❜❡♥❡❢❛❝t♦r ✇❤♦s❡ s❛t✐s❢❛❝t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ♦♥❡✬s ❞❡s✐r❡ ✐s r❡❛❧✳
✶✹✶ ✶✳✸✸✳✷ ❣✐✈✐♥❣ s♣♦✐❧s
✶✹✷ ✸✳✹✷✳✻ ✇✐♥♥✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♣r✐③❡
✶✹✸ ✶✳✷✾✳✷ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ♠❛♥② ❣✐❢ts
✶✹✹ ✶✳✽✶✳✷ ❢♦r Soma✲♣r❡ss❡r t❤② tr❡❛s✉r❡ ✐s ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥t
✽✳✻✻✳✼ s✐♥❝❡ ♦♥❧② t❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❢♦r ❤✐♠✱ ✇❤♦ ✐s ♣❡r❢♦r♠✐♥❣ ❛ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛✲
t✐♦♥✱ ✇❤♦ ♣r❡ss❡s ❬Soma❪✱ ❬t❤❡ ♦♥❡ ✇❤♦ ✐s❪ ❣✐✈✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♠♦st t❤❡ t♦✲❜❡✲❞❡s✐r❡❞
tr❡❛s✉r❡
✽✳✾✺✳✾ s✐♥❝❡✱ ❝❧❡❛♥s❡❞✱ ❬t❤♦✉ ✇✐❧❧ ❡✛❡❝t❪ t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡ ❢♦r ✉s
✶✹✺ ✽✳✸✳✶✶ ❇❡ ♣♦t❡♥t ❬❡♥♦✉❣❤❪ ❢♦r ✉s✱ ❖ Indra✱ ✇❤❡♥ ■ ❝♦♠❡ t♦ t❤❡❡ t♦ ❛s❦ ❢♦r
t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡✱ ❢♦r t❤❡ ♠❛♥❧② ✈✐❣♦✉r✦
✶✹✻ ✹✳✶✻✳✶✻ ✇❤♦ t♦ ❛ ♣r❛✐s❡r ❧✐❦❡ ♠❡ q✉✐❝❦❧② ❜r✐♥❣s ❥✉st t❤❡ ♣r✐③❡ t♦ ❜❡ s❡✐③❡❞
✖ t❤❡ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r
✶✹✼ ✽✳✷✹✳✶✷ ■ s✉r❡❧② ❞♦ ♥♦t ✜♥❞ ❛♥② ♦t❤❡r t❤❛♥ t❤❡❡ ❢♦r s❛t✐s❢❛❝t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❬♠②❪
❞❡s✐r❡✱ ❢♦r ❧✉♠✐♥♦✉s tr❡❛s✉r❡ ❛♥❞ ❢♦r ❛♥ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡ t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡
✶✹✽ ✹✳✷✻✳✷ ■ ❣❛✈❡ ❧❛♥❞ t♦ ❝♦♥❞✉❝t✐♥❣ ❬✐t❪ ✉♣✇❛r❞s ❬♠❛♥❪❀
✻✳✷✽✳✷ ▼❛❦✐♥❣ ❥✉st ❤✐s tr❡❛s✉r❡ ♠♦r❡ ❛♥❞ ♠♦r❡ ❡❧❡✈❛t❡❞✱ ❤❡ s❡ts ✉♣ deva✲
s❡❡❦✐♥❣ ❬♠❛♥❪ ✐♥ ✉♥❞✐✈✐❞❡❞ ✉♥❝✉❧t✐✈❛t❡❞ ♣✐❡❝❡ ♦❢ ❧❛♥❞✳
✶✹✾ ✺✳✸✶✳✷ ❙✉r❡❧② t❤❡r❡ ✐s ♥♦t❤✐♥❣ ❜❡tt❡r t❤❛♥ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Indra✱ t❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ♠❛❞❡
❡✈❡♥ t❤♦s❡ ✇❤♦ ❧❛❝❦ ❛♥②t❤✐♥❣ t♦ ❜❛rt❡r t♦ ❜❡ ✇✐t❤ ❛ ✇✐❢❡✳
✶✺✵ ✼✳✶✽✳✶ ■t ✐s ✐♥ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Indra✱ t❤❛t ❡✈❡♥ ♦✉r ❛♥❝❡st♦rs✱ ✐♥✈♦❦❡rs✱ ❞✐❞ ♦❜t❛✐♥
❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣ ❧♦✈❡❧②❀
✶✺✶ ✸✳✹✺✳✺ ❜❡❝♦♠✐♥❣ ✈✐❣♦r♦✉s❧② str♦♥❣❡r ✳✳✳ ❜❡ ❢♦r ✉s ❛❜♦✉♥❞✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❣❧♦r②
✶✺✷ ✶✳✺✼✳✸ t❤❡ st❛t❡ ♦❢ ✇❤♦♠ ❬✐s❪ ❢♦r ❬❛tt❛✐♥✐♥❣❪ ❢❛♠❡
✽✳✹✻✳✶✷ ❲❤♦ ♠❛❦❡s ❬❤✐s❪ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥ ❢❛♠♦✉s
✶✺✸ ✽✳✶✺✳✸ ❚❤♦✉✱ ❛❧♦♥❡✱ ❖ Indra✱ s♠❛s❤ ♦❜st❛❝❧❡s t♦ ❡①♣❛♥❞ ❧❡❛❞✐♥❣ t♦ ✈✐❝t♦r②
❛♥❞ ✇♦rt❤② ♦❢ ❢❛♠❡ ❞❡❡❞s✳
✶✺✹ ✷✳✷✶✳✷ ❞✐✣❝✉❧t t♦ ❡♥❞✉r❡ ♦♥❡
✶✺✺ ✽✳✻✷✳✶✷ ▼✐❣❤t②✱ ❤❡ ✐s ❛ ❞❡str✉❝t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❛ ♥♦♥✲♣r❡ss✐♥❣❬✲Soma❪ ♦♥❡✱ ❬❛♥❞✱❪
♦❢t❡♥ ❬❣✉✐❞✐♥❣❪ ❧✐❣❤ts ♦❢ ❛ ♣r❡ss✐♥❣❬✲Soma❪ ♦♥❡✳
✶✺✻ ✽✳✶✳✺ ■ ✇♦✉❧❞ ♥♦t ❣✐✈❡ t❤❡❡ ❛✇❛② ❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ ❛♥② ❣r❛♥❞ tr✐❜✉t❡ ✖ ♥♦t
❢♦r ❛ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞✱ ♥♦t ❢♦r ❛ t❡♥ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞✱ ♥♦t ❢♦r ❛ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞
✽✳✻✶✳✺ ❇❡ ❬❢♦r ✉s❪ q✉✐t❡ ♣♦t❡♥t ✳✳✳ ✇✐t❤ ❛❧❧ ❬t❤②❪ s✐❞❡✲❡✛❡❝ts ✖ s✐♥❝❡ ✇❡
❢♦❧❧♦✇ t❤❡❡ ✖ ❡st❡❡♠❡❞✱ ❦♥♦✇✐♥❣ ✇❤❛t✬s ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧ ✖ ❣♦♦❞ ❢♦rt✉♥❡✦
✶✺✼ ✶✳✽✹✳✶✾ ◆♦ ♦♥❡ ♦t❤❡r t❤❛♥ t❤❡❡ ✳✳✳ s❤♦✇s ❝♦♠♣❛ss✐♦♥✳
✶✻✹ ❆❞❡♣ts ❛♥❞ ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡rs ♦❢ Indra
❆❞❡♣ts ❛♥❞ ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡rs ♦❢ Indra
❋♦r ♣♦❡ts ♦❢ ❘✐❣✈❡❞❛✱ t❤❡ ✐❞❡❛s ❛♥❞ t❡❝❤♥✐q✉❡s ♦❢ Indra ✇♦rs❤✐♣
❝♦♠❡ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡✐r ❢♦r❡❢❛t❤❡rs✶ ✳ ■t ✐s ♣♦ss✐❜❧❡ t❤❛t t❤❡ ♣r❡❞✐s♣♦s✐t✐♦♥
❢♦r ❡♠♣❧♦②✐♥❣ Indra ♠✐❣❤t ❜❡ ✐♥❤❡r✐t❡❞✷ ✳
❲♦rs❤✐♣❡rs ♦❢ Indra ❛r❡ ♠❛♥②✸ ✱ ♠❡♥✹ ❛♥❞ ✇♦♠❡♥✺ ✳ ❚❤❡② ❤❛✈❡
❞✐✛❡r❡♥t s♦❝✐❛❧ ❜❛❝❦❣r♦✉♥❞s✻ ✱ ❧✐❢❡ st②❧❡s✼ ❛♥❞ tr❛❥❡❝t♦r✐❡s ✐♥ ❧✐❢❡✽ ✱
❜✉t ✐t ✐s Indra ✇❤♦ ❝❤♦♦s❡s ❤✐s ❢✉t✉r❡ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s✾ ✳ ❚❤♦s❡ ✇❤♦ ❛r❡
❛✇❛❦❡✶✵ ✱ ✇❤♦ ❛r❡ ✐♥s♣✐r❡❞ t♦ s❡❡❦ ❧✐❦❡✲♠✐♥❞❡❞♥❡ss ✇✐t❤ Indra✱ ✇❤♦
❛r❡ ❞❛r✐♥❣ ❛♥❞ ❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s✱ t❤❡② ❝❛♥ ❛tt❛✐♥ Indra✶✶ ✳
✶ ✶✳✶✵✾✳✼ ❚❤❡s❡ ❬❛r❡❪ st✐❧❧ t❤♦s❡ r❡✐♥s ♦❢ t❤❡ s✉♥ ✇✐t❤ ✇❤✐❝❤ ♦✉r ❢♦r❡❢❛t❤❡rs
✇❡r❡ ✐♥ ❝♦♠♠✉♥✐♦♥ ❬✇✐t❤ ②♦✉❪✳
✻✳✷✷✳✷ ❖✉r ❛♥❝✐❡♥t ❢❛t❤❡rs✱ s❡✈❡♥ ✐♥✇❛r❞❧② ❡①❝✐t❡❞ Navagva✲s✱ ✇❡r❡ ❡♠✲
♣❧♦②✐♥❣ t❤❡ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r ❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ ❤✐♠✳✳✳
✷ ✸✳✸✾✳✹ ◆♦ ♦♥❡ ♦❢ t❤❡s❡ ♠♦rt❛❧s ❤❡r❡ ✐s ❛ s❝♦✛❡r ✖ t❤♦s❡ ✇❤♦ ❬❛r❡❪ ♦✉r
❢❛t❤❡rs ❬✇❡r❡❪ ✜❣❤t❡rs ❛♠♦♥❣ ♦①❡♥✳
✸✳✸✾✳✹ Indra ❬✐s❪ ♣♦ss❡ss✐♥❣✲❛❜✐❧✐t②✲t♦✲❡①♣❛♥❞ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥❡r ♦❢ t❤❡s❡ ♦♥❡s❀
❤❡✱ ❡♥❞♦✇❡❞ ✇✐t❤ ✇♦♥❞❡r❢✉❧ ♣♦✇❡r✱ ❝r❡❛t❡❞ ❧✐♥❡❛❣❡s ❬♦❢ ✇❛rr✐♦rs❪✳
✸ ✶✳✽✵✳✾ ❇② ❛ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ t❤❡② ❤❛✈❡ ❢♦✉♥❞ t❤❡✐r ✇❛② t♦✇❛r❞s ❤✐♠✳
✶✵✳✷✾✳✽ ▼❛♥② ❬❝❧❛♥s❪ ❤❡r❡ ❛r❡ ❡❛❣❡r ❢♦r t❤✐s ❧✐❦❡✲♠✐♥❞❡❞♥❡ss ❬✇✐t❤ ❤✐♠❪
✹ ✻✳✷✻✳✷ ❆ ✜st✲✜❣❤t❡r✱ ✜❣❤t✐♥❣ ♠✐❞st ❜✉❧❧s✱ s❡❡s t❤❡❡ ❞✉r✐♥❣ ❞✐✣❝✉❧t✐❡s✱ t❤❡❡✱
♦✈❡rs❡❡r ♦❢ ✇❤❛t✬s r❡❛❧✱ ❛s ❝❛rr②✐♥❣ ❛❝r♦ss ❬t❤❡ ❞✐✣❝✉❧t✐❡s❪✳
✸✳✸✻✳✶✵ ❚♦ ✉s t❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ❣✐✈❡♥ ❛ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ②❡❛rs t♦ ❧✐✈❡✱ t♦ ✉s ✖ ♥✉♠❡r♦✉s
❤❡r♦❡s
✺ ✽✳✾✶✳✶ ❇r✐♥❣✐♥❣ ✐t ❤♦♠❡✱ s❤❡ s❛✐❞✱ ✏▲❡t ♠❡ ♣r❡ss t❤❡❡ ❢♦r Indra✱ ❧❡t ♠❡ ♣r❡ss
t❤❡❡ ❢♦r t❤❡ ❡♠♣♦✇❡r✐♥❣ ♦♥❡✦✑
✽✳✸✸✳✶✽ t❤♦✉✱ ❬❛❧t❤♦✉❣❤❪ ❜❡✐♥❣ ❛ ✇♦♠❛♥✱ ❤❛✈❡ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❛ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t♦r
✻ ✸✳✺✸✳✾ ❲❤❡♥ ❤❡ ❢♦r ✇❤♦♠ ❡✈❡r②♦♥❡ ✐s ❛ ❢r✐❡♥❞ ❝♦♥✈❡②❡❞ Sudās✱ Indra ❜❡✲
❝❛♠❡ ❡♥❞❡❛r❡❞ ✇✐t❤ ❞❡s❝❡♥❞❛♥ts ♦❢ Kuśika✳
✻✳✷✵✳✶✵✳ ✏❲✐t❤ t❤② ❤❡❧♣ ✇❡ ♠✐❣❤t ❜❡ s✉❝❝❡ss❢✉❧ ❛❣❛✐♥✱ ❖ Indra✦✑ ✖ ✐♥ t❤✐s
♠❛♥♥❡r ❝♦♠♠♦♥❡rs ♣r❛✐s❡ ❬❤✐♠❪ ✇✐t❤ ✜r❡ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣s✳
✹✳✸✵✳✶✻ ❆♥❞ t❤❛t r❡❥❡❝t❡❞ s♦♥ ♦❢ ✉♥✇❡❞ ❣✐r❧✱ Indra✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❛ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ✇✐❧❡s✱
♠❛❞❡ t♦ ♣❛rt❛❦❡ ✐♥ r❡❝✐t❛t✐♦♥s✳
✼ ✹✳✷✺✳✽ ❬■t ✐s❪ Indra ✇❤♦♠ t❤♦s❡ ✐♥ ❜❡t✇❡❡♥ ✐♥ t❤❡ ♣❛st ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ♣r❡s❡♥t✱
Indra ✇❤♦♠ ✈❛❣r❛♥t ♦♥❡s✱ Indra ✇❤♦♠ r❡s✐❞✐♥❣ ❬✐♥ ♦♥❡ ♣❧❛❝❡❪ ♦♥❡s✱ Indra
✇❤♦♠ ❞✇❡❧❧✐♥❣ ♣❡❛❝❡❢✉❧❧② ❛♥❞ ❬✇❤♦♠❪ ✇❛❣✐♥❣ ❛ ✇❛r ♦♥❡s✱ Indra ✇❤♦♠
❡♠♣❧♦②✐♥❣ t❤❡ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r ♠❡♥ ❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥✳
✽ ✶✳✺✶✳✶ ✇❤♦s❡ ❤✉♠❛♥s ♠♦✈❡ ❧✐❦❡ ❞❛②s ✖ ✐♥ ❞✐✛❡r❡♥t ❞✐r❡❝t✐♦♥s
✶✵✳✷✷✳✾ ■♥ ♠❛♥② ✇❛②s t❤♦s❡ ❞❡s✐r♦✉s ♦❢ r❡✇❛r❞ ❛s ❬✇❡❧❧ ❛s❪ tr❡♠❜❧✐♥❣ ♦♥❡s
s❤❛❧❧ ✜♥❞ t❤❡✐r ✇❛② t♦ t❤❡❡✳
✾ ✼✳✶✾✳✾ ❋♦r t❤✐s ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s❤✐♣ ❝❤♦♦s❡ ✉s ✇❤♦ r❡❢✉s❡❞ t♦ ❤♦♥♦r ♥✐❣❣❛r❞s
✇✐t❤ ✐♥✈♦❝❛t✐♦♥s✳
✶✳✺✳✷ ❬t♦❪ ❜❡✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❝❤❛r❣❡ ♦❢ t♦✲❜❡✲❝❤♦s❡♥ ♦♥❡s✱ ❬t♦❪ Indra✳✳✳
✶✳✶✷✾✳✶ ❍❡ ❬✱ ✇❤♦♠ t❤♦✉ ✇♦✉❧❞ ❝❤♦s❡ ❢♦r ♦❜t❛✐♥✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♥♦✉r✐s❤✐♥❣ ❞r✐♥❦✱❪
✇♦✉❧❞ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ♦♥❡ ♦❢ ✉s✱ ♦❢ ❛❞❡♣ts
✶✵ bubudhāna
✶✶ ✺✳✸✵✳✷ ❬t❤❛t❪ ♠❡♥ ✇❤♦ ❛r❡ ❛✇❛❦❡ ❝❛♥ ❛tt❛✐♥ Indra
✶✳✶✸✶✳✺ t❤❡♥ t❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ❢❛✈♦✉r❡❞ ✐♥ ❬t❤②❪ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t✐♦♥s str✐✈✐♥❣ ❡❛r♥❡st❧②
♦♥❡s✱ ❖ ❜✉❧❧✱ t❤❡♥ t❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ❢❛✈♦✉r❡❞ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ ❬t❤②❪ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s❤✐♣ ♦♥❡s✳
✸✳✸✶✳✼ ❚❤❡ ♠♦st ✐♥s♣✐r❡❞ ♦♥❡ ❝❛♠❡ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ ❧✐❦❡✲♠✐♥❞❡❞♥❡ss✶✷ ❀
 ✶✻✺

Pr♦❣r❡ss✐♦♥ ♦❢ Indra ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡rs ❛♣♣❡❛rs t♦ ❜❡ t❤✐s✿ ❛ r❡❝r✉✐t

✶✸ ✱
✶✹
❛ ♥♦✈✐❝❡ ✱ ❛♥ ✐♥✐t✐❛t❡❞ ♦♥❡✱ ♦♥❡ ✇❤♦ ❤❛s ❡①♣❡r✐❡♥❝❡❞ ❛♥❞ tr❡❛s✉r❡s
t❤❡ st❛t❡ ♦❢ Indra ✭♣r♦❜✳ ❝❛❧❧❡❞ priyámedha✮✱ ❛♥ ❛❞❡♣t✱ ❛ ❧❡❛❞❡r ✐♥
❛ ✜❣❤t✱ ❛ ❝❤✐❡❢t❛✐♥✱ ❛ ❣✉✐❞❡ ❛♥❞ ❛ ♣r♦t❡❝t♦r ♦❢ ♦t❤❡rs✳

❆ r❡❝r✉✐t ✐s ❝❛❧❧❡❞ márya ✖ ♠❡❛♥✐♥❣ ✏❛ ♠♦rt❛❧✱ ❤❡ ✇❤♦ ✇✐❧❧

❤❛✈❡ t♦ ❞✐❡✑✳ ❆ ♥♦✈✐❝❡ ✐s ❛ r❡❝r✉✐t ✇❤♦ ❤❛s r✐s❡♥ ♦✉t ♠✉♥❞❛♥❡
✶✺ ✱ ❛♥❞ ♦❜t❛✐♥❡❞✱ ♣❡r❢♦r♠❡❞✱ ❛♥❞ ✐♥t❡r♥❛❧✐③❡❞ ❣❡st✉r❡s
❝♦♥str❛✐♥ts
♦❢ ❝♦♠♠✐t♠❡♥t✶✻ t♦ ❡①♣❡r✐❡♥❝✐♥❣ t❤❡ st❛t❡ ♦❢ Indra✶✼ ✳ ❆♥ ✐♥✐t✐❛t❡
✐s ❛ ♥♦✈✐❝❡ ✇❤♦ ✇❛s ❛❜❧❡ t♦ ❡♠♣❧♦② s♦♠❡ ❜❡❤❛✈✐♦rs ♦❢ Indra ✐♥
❛ ✜❣❤t ❛♥❞ ♦❜t❛✐♥s t♦ s♦♠❡ ❞❡❣r❡❡ t❤❡ ❝♦♥tr♦❧ ♦✈❡r ❛✛❡❝t✐♦♥s
✶✽ ✳
❚r❛♥s✐t✐♦♥ t♦ t❤❡ st❛❣❡ ♦❢ ❛♥ ✐♥✐t✐❛t❡ ✐s ♠❛r❦❡❞ ❜② ❛ ❝❤❛♥❣❡ ✐♥ ❞✐❡t
❛♥❞ ❜② ❞✐✛❡r❡♥t ❢r♦♠ ❜❡❢♦r❡ ❡✛❡❝ts ♦❢ ❞r✐♥❦✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❡①tr❛❝t ♦❢ Soma✳
❆♥ ✐♥✐t✐❛t❡ ♠✐❣❤t ♣r♦❣r❡ss ❢✉rt❤❡r ✇❤❡♥ ❤❡ ❤❛❞ ❡①♣❡r✐❡♥❝❡❞
✶✾ t❤❡
st❛t❡ ♦❢ Indra ❛♥❞ tr❡❛ts t❤❡ ❡①♣❡r✐❡♥❝❡ ❛s ❛ ❣r❡❛t ❢♦rt✉♥❡ ✖ ❤❡ ✇✐❧❧
❜❡ ❝❛❧❧❡❞ ❛ priyámedha✳ ❚r❛♥s✐t✐♦♥ t♦ t❤✐s st❛❣❡ ✐s t❤❡ ♠♦st ❞✐✣❝✉❧t
♦♥❡✳ ❊①♣❡r✐❡♥❝✐♥❣ t❤❡ st❛t❡ Indra r❡q✉✐r❡s ♣❛ss✐♥❣ t❤r♦✉❣❤ ❛ ❝r✐s✐s
♦r t✇♦✳ ❖♥❡ ♠✐❣❤t ❢❡❡❧ t❡rr✐✜❡❞✱ ❜❡❝♦♠✐♥❣ ❞r❛✐♥❡❞ ♦❢ ❧✐❢❡✱ ❢❡❡❧✐♥❣ ❛s
✐❢ ❛❜♦✉t t♦ ❞✐❡ ❛♥❞ ✉♥❛❜❧❡ t♦ ♠❛❦❡ ❛♥ ❡✛♦rt✱ ♠✐❣❤t ❜❡ s❡❡✐♥❣ ♦t❤❡r✲
t❤❛♥✲s❡❧❢ ❡♠❡r❣✐♥❣ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ❞❛r❦ ❛❜②ss ✇✐t❤✐♥✱ ❡①♣❡r✐❡♥❝✐♥❣ t❤❡
❜♦❞② ❜❡✐♥❣ t❤r♦✇♥ ✐♥t♦ ❢❡✈❡r ♦r ❝♦❧❞ ✐♥t❡r♠✐tt❡♥t❧②✱ ❛♥❞ s❤❛❦✐♥❣✱
s♦♠❡t✐♠❡s ✈✐♦❧❡♥t❧②✳ ■t ✐s ❝r✉❝✐❛❧ ❛t t❤✐s t✐♠❡ t♦ ♣✉t tr✉st ✐♥t♦

✽✳✷✶✳✷ ❚❤❛t ♦✉r ②♦✉t❤ ✇❤♦ ✐s ❞❛r✐♥❣✱ ❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s✱ ❤❛s st❡♣♣❡❞ ❝❧♦s❡r t♦ t❤❡❡
❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ ❤❡❧♣ ✐♥ ❛❝t✐♦♥
✶✸ márya ✶✳✶✼✸✳✷✱ ✸✳✸✶✳✼
✶✹ návya ✺✳✷✾✳✶✺✱ nū
´tana ✻✳✷✼✳✶✱
✻✳✷✶✳✽ ❞♦ ♥♦✇ ❣✐✈❡ ❡❛r✱ ❖ Indra✱ t♦ ❡♠♣❧♦②✐♥❣ ❛ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥ ♥♦✈✐❝❡✱
✻✳✷✶✳✺ ❖ ❞♦✐♥❣ ♠✉❝❤✱ ❞♦ ❤❡❡❞ t❤❡ ❧❡❛st ❬s❦✐❧❧❡❞❪ ♦♥❡✱ ❬t❤♦s❡❪ ✇❤♦ ❬❛r❡❪
✐♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ ❛♥❞ ❬t❤♦s❡❪ ✇❤♦ ❬❛r❡❪ ♥♦✈✐❝❡s✱ ❖ ♠✉❝❤ ✐♥✈♦❦❡❞ ♦♥❡✦
✶✺ ✶✳✹✳✺ ②❡ ❤❛✈❡ r✐s❡♥ ♦✉t ❬♦❢ ✐♠♣♦s❡❞ ❝♦♥str❛✐♥ts❪ ❬t❤✉s❪ ♦❜t❛✐♥✐♥❣ ❛ ❣❡st✉r❡
♦❢ ❝♦♠♠✐t♠❡♥t t♦ Indra✳
✶✻ dúvas
✶✼ ✼✳✷✵✳✻ ✇❤♦ ✇✐t❤ ✜r❡ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣s ♣✉ts ❣❡st✉r❡s ♦❢ ❝♦♠♠✐t♠❡♥t ✐♥t♦ Indra✱❢♦r
t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡ ❤❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❞✇❡❧❧ ✉♥❞✐st✉r❜❡❞✱ ♣r♦t❡❝t✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❝♦❤❡r✲
❡♥❝❡ ❬❜❡t✇❡❡♥ ❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ ❛♥❞ ✇✐❧❧❪✱ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st✐♥❣ ❬❛❝t✐✈✐t②❪ ✇❤❡♥ t❤❡ ❝♦❤❡r❡♥❝❡
❬✐s ♣r❡s❡♥t❪✳
✼✳✷✷✳✹ ♠❛❦❡ ❣❡st✉r❡s ♦❢ ❝♦♠♠✐t♠❡♥t ✐♥t✐♠❛t❡ ❜② ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥②✐♥❣ t❤❡s❡
❬✈❡rs❡s❪
✶✽ ✹✳✷✹✳✺ ■♥❞❡❡❞✱ ♦♥❧② ❛❢t❡r t❤❛t✱ ❬t❤♦s❡❪ s❡✈❡r❛❧ ❝♦♥s❡❝r❛t❡ ❬t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s❪ t♦
t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r ♦✈❡r ❛✛❡❝t✐♦♥s✱ ♦♥❧② ❛❢t❡r t❤❛t ❬t❤❡✐r❪ ❝♦♦❦✐♥❣ ♠✐❣❤t ❣❡t r✐❞ ♦❢
t❤❡ s❛❝r✐✜❝✐❛❧ ❝❛❦❡✱ ♦♥❧② ❛❢t❡r t❤❛t Soma s❡♣❛r❛t❡s ♥♦♥✲♣r❡ss✐♥❣✲♦✉t✲Soma
♦♥❡s ❬❢r♦♠ t❤❡♠❪✱ ♦♥❧② ❛❢t❡r t❤❛t ♦♥❡ ❤❛s ♣❧❡❛s✉r❡ t♦ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡ t♦ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦
r❡s❡♠❜❧❡s ❛ ❜✉❧❧✳
✶✾ ✷✳✶✹✳✶✵ ■ ❡①♣❡r✐❡♥❝❡❞ t❤✐s ♦♥❡❀ t❤✐s ❢♦r ♠❡ ✐s s❡tt❧❡❞ ✖ ❤✐♠✱ ✇❤♦ ❜❡❝♦♠✐♥❣
♠♦r❡ ❛♥❞ ♠♦r❡ ✇✐s❤✐♥❣ t♦ ❣✐✈❡✱ ❤❡✱ ✇❤♦ ✐s ✇♦rt❤② ♦❢ ✇♦rs❤✐♣✱ ❬❛❧✇❛②s❪
♥♦t✐❝❡s✳
✶✻✻ ❆❞❡♣ts ❛♥❞ ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡rs ♦❢ Indra
Indra✬s ♣♦✇❡r ♦✈❡r ❛✛❡❝t✐♦♥s ❛♥❞ ✐♥t♦ ❤✐s ❢r❡♥③②
✷✵ ✱ ❛♥❞ ❧❡t ❤✐♠
✷✶ ✷✷
tr❛♥s❢❡r t❤❡ ❧✐❢❡✲❢♦r❝❡ ✳ ◆♦t ❡✈❡r② ✐♥✐t✐❛t❡ ♣❛ss❡s t❤r♦✉❣❤ ✳ ❚❤♦s❡
✇❤♦ ❞✐❞✱ ❧❡❛r♥ ❤♦✇ t♦ ✐♥✈♦❦❡ Indra ❛♥❞ t♦ r❡♠♦✈❡ ♦❜st❛❝❧❡s t♦ ❤✐s
♠❛♥✐❢❡st❛t✐♦♥✱ tr❛✐♥ ❛♥❞ ❤❛r❞❡♥ t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s
✷✸ ✱ ❛♥❞ ♦❜t❛✐♥ s❦✐❧❧s t♦
❝♦♥tr♦❧ ❡♥t❡r✐♥❣✱ ❜❡✐♥❣ ✐♥✱ ❛♥❞ ❡①✐t✐♥❣ t❤❡ st❛t❡ ♦❢ Indra✳ ❚❤❡②
♠✐❣❤t ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❛❞❡♣ts ✭vedhás✮
✷✹ ✳ ❆♥ ❛❞❡♣t ♠✐❣❤t ❜❡ ❧❡❛❞✐♥❣ ♠❡♥
✷✺
✐♥ ❛ ✜❣❤t✱ ✐♥ ❜❛tt❧❡✱ ♦r ✐♥ ✇❛r ✱ ♦r ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❜r✐♥❣✐♥❣✲❣♦♦❞✲❢♦rt✉♥❡
✷✻
❝❤✐❡❢t❛✐♥ ♦❢ ❛ tr✐❜❡ ❀ ❤❡ ♠✐❣❤t ❛❧s♦ ❜❡ ❛ ❣✉❛r❞✐❛♥ ❛♥❞ ♣r♦t❡❝t♦r ♦❢
❤✐s ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s
✷✼ ✱ ❛ ♣♦❡t✱ ❛ s❡❡r ❛♥❞ ❛ ❣✉✐❞❡ t♦ ♦t❤❡r ♠❡♥✷✽ ✳

▲✐❦❡✲♠✐♥❞❡❞ Indra ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡rs ❢♦r♠ ✏s❛❝r✐✜❝✐❛❧ ❝✐r❝❧❡s✑ ♦r ✏❡♥✲

✷✵ ✶✳✶✵✹✳✻ ❚r✉st ✇❛s ♣❧❛❝❡❞ ✐♥t♦ t❤② ❣r❡❛t ♣♦✇❡r ♦✈❡r ❛✛❡❝t✐♦♥s✳
✶✳✶✵✸✳✸ ❍❡ ❬✇❤♦❪ ♣✉ts tr✉st ✐♥t♦ t❤❡ ❢r❡♥③②✱ ❬✐s❪ ❡✈❡r✲❢♦st❡r✐♥❣ ❬✐t❪✱ ❬❤❡ ✇❤♦
✐s❪ ❜r❡❛❦✐♥❣ ✐♥t♦ ♣✐❡❝❡s str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞s✱ ❤❡ ♣❛rt❡❞ ✇❛②s ✇✐t❤ s❛✈❛❣❡ ❬tr✐❜❡s❪✳
✷✶ ✶✳✶✵✳✶✶ ◗✉✐❝❦❧② tr❛♥s❢❡r ❬❛❝r♦ss t❤❡ ❜❛rr✐❡r❪ ❢r❡s❤ ❬♣♦rt✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❪ t❤❡ ❧✐❢❡✲❢♦r❝❡✦
✶✳✶✵✳✶✷ ▼❛② ❛❞✈❛♥❝❡♠❡♥ts ❢♦❧❧♦✇ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦s❡ ❧✐❢❡✲❢♦r❝❡ ✇❛s str❡♥❣t❤❡♥❡❞
✶✵✳✶✵✹✳✾ ❖ Indra✱ ❞✉r✐♥❣ ❤❛st❡♥✐♥❣s ♣❛st vr.tra✲s t❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ❝❛✉s❡❞ t❤♦s❡
❬✇❛t❡rs❪ ✇✐t❤ ✇❤✐❝❤ t❤♦✉ s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ ♥♦✉r✐s❤❡❞ ❛❧❧✲♣❡r✈❛❞✐♥❣ ❧✐❢❡✲❢♦r❝❡
❬❛♥❞❪ t❤❡ ❜♦❞②✳
✷✷ ✶✵✳✹✹✳✻ ❚❤♦s❡✱ ✇❤♦ ✇❡r❡ ♥♦t ❛❜❧❡ t♦ ♠♦✉♥t ✇♦rt❤②✲♦❢✲❛✲s❛❝r✐✜❝❡ s❤✐♣✱ t❤❡②✱
s❤❛❦✐♥❣✱ ❞❡s❝❡♥❞❡❞ ❬❢r♦♠ t❤❡ st❛t❡ ♦❢ ❡❧❡✈❛t✐♦♥❪ t♦ ❡✈❡r ✐♥st✐❣❛t✐♥❣ ❬♦t❤❡rs❪✳
✷✸ ✸✳✸✵✳✶✺ ❤❛r❞❡♥✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s❪✱ t❤❡② ❜❡❝❛♠❡ ✈❡ss❡❧s ❢♦r ❬t❤❡ ❝♦♠✐♥❣❪ ❥♦✉r✲
♥❡②
✷✳✶✶✳✶✷ ▲❡t ✉s✱ ❬✇❤♦ ❛r❡❪ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ ❛ ❢❛✈♦✉r✱ ♦❜t❛✐♥ ❝♦♠♣❡t❡♥❝②✱ ❬s♦ t❤❛t❪
❡✈❡r② ❞❛② ✇❡ ❝♦✉❧❞ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❡q✉❛❧ t♦ r❡❝❡✐✈❡ t❤② r✐❝❤❡s✦
✶✳✺✶✳✷ ❈❧❡✈❡r ❬❛♥❞❪ s❦✐❧❧❢✉❧ ♦♥❡s ❬♠❛❞❡ t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s r❡❛❞②❪ ❢♦r r❡❡❧✐♥❣ ✇✐t❤
❡①❝✐t❡♠❡♥t Indra✳
✷✹ ✶✳✶✷✾✳✶ ❍❡ ❬✇♦✉❧❞ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ♦♥❡❪ ♦❢ ✉s✱ ♦❢ ❛❞❡♣ts ✳✳✳
✷✺ ✽✳✶✸✳✶✼ ✐♥✇❛r❞❧②✲❡①❝✐t❡❞ s❡❡❦✐♥❣✲❤❡❧♣ ♦♥❡s ♠❛❞❡ t♦ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥ tr❡♠❜❧✐♥❣✲
❧✐❦❡✲❜r❛♥❝❤❡s ♦♥❡s
✻✳✷✹✳✶✵ ■♥ ❛♥ ❡♥❝♦✉♥t❡r✱ ✐♥ ♦r❞❡r t♦ ❤❡❧♣✱ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥② t❤❡ ❧❡❛❞❡r✳
✼✳✷✵✳✺ ✇❤♦✱ ♠♦r❡♦✈❡r✱ ❬❛s❪ ❛ ❧❡❛❞❡r ♦❢ ❛♥ ❛r♠② st❛♥❞s ♦✉t ❛♠♦♥❣ ❬♦t❤❡r❪
♠❡♥
✷✻ ✺✳✸✼✳✹ ❚❤❛t ❝❤✐❡❢t❛✐♥ ❞♦❡s ♥♦t ❣♦ ❛str❛② ✐♥ ✇❤♦♠ Indra ❞r✐♥❦s ♣✉♥❣❡♥t✱
❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② ♠✐❧❦✱ Soma✳
✺✳✸✼✳✹ ❍❡ ❬✱❝❤✐❡❢t❛✐♥✱❪ ❞✇❡❧❧s q✉✐❡t❧②✱ ❢♦st❡r✐♥❣ ❬❤✐s❪ ❝❧❛♥s✱ ❬❤❡ ✐s❪ ❝❛❧❧❡❞ ✏❤❛✈✲
✐♥❣ ❣♦♦❞ ❢♦rt✉♥❡✑✳
✺✳✸✼✳✺ ❍❡ ❬✱❝❤✐❡❢t❛✐♥✱❪ s❤❛❧❧ ✢♦✉r✐s❤ ✇❤❡♥ ❞✇❡❧❧✐♥❣ ✐♥ ♣❡❛❝❡✱ ❤❡ s❤❛❧❧ ♦✈❡r✲
❝♦♠❡ ✇❤❡♥ ❜❡✐♥❣ ❡♥❣❛❣❡❞ ❬✐♥ ✇❛r❪✱ ❤❡ s❤❛❧❧ s✉❜❞✉❡ ❬t❤❡ s❡♥s❡s❪ ✐♥ ❝❤♦♦s✐♥❣
❜♦t❤ ❝♦♠✐♥❣ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ❬Rodas✲❡s❪✳
✷✼ ✶✳✶✵✶✳✶✶ ❬❆s❪ ❣✉❛r❞✐❛♥s ♦❢ s❛❝r✐✜❝✐❛❧ ❡♥❝❧♦s✉r❡ t❤❛t ♣r❛✐s❡s ❬t❤❡❡❪ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s
♦❢ Marut✲s✱ ✳✳✳
✻✳✹✹✳✼ ❍❛✈✐♥❣ ♦❜t❛✐♥❡❞ ❬t❤❛t❪ t❤r♦✉❣❤ ♠❛ss✐✈❡ ❝❧❡❛♥s✐♥❣ ❬✢♦✇s❪ t❤r♦✉❣❤
t❤❡ ❞❡s✐r❡ t♦ ♣r♦t❡❝t ❤❡ ❜❡❝❛♠❡ ❛ ❣✉❛r❞ ❢♦r ❬❤✐s❪ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s✳
✸✳✹✸✳✺ ✇♦✉❧❞ t❤❡❡ ♠❛❦❡ ♠❡ ❛ ♣r♦t❡❝t♦r ♦❢ ♣❡♦♣❧❡✱ ✇♦✉❧❞ t❤❡❡ ❬♠❛❦❡ ♠❡❪ ❛
❝❤✐❡❢
✷✽ ✶✳✻✷✳✶✸ ❋♦r ❛♥❝✐❡♥t ❤❛r♥❡ss✐♥❣✲t❛✇♥②✲♦♥❡s t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Indra✱ Gotama Nodhas
❢❛s❤✐♦♥❡❞ ❛ ♥❡✇ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛ ❢♦r ✉s t♦ ❡♥❥♦② ❛ ❣♦♦❞ ❣✉✐❞❛♥❝❡
✸✳✺✸✳✶✵ ❖ ✐♥s♣✐r❡❞ ❜② deva✲s s❡❡rs✱ ❖ ❣✉✐❞❡s ♦❢ ♠❡♥✱ ❞r✐♥❦✱ ❖ ❞❡s❝❡♥❞❛♥ts
♦❢ Kuśika✱ ❝♦♥t❛✐♥✐♥❣ Soma ❤♦♥❡②✦
 ✶✻✼

✷✾ ✇❤✐❝❤ ❣❛t❤❡r ✐♥ ❛ r❡❛❧ ❡♥❝❧♦s✉r❡ ✭vrjána✮✸✵ ♦r ✐♥

❝❧♦s✉r❡s✑ ✭vrája✮ .
❛ ❤✐❞✐♥❣✲♣❧❛❝❡ ✭góha✮
✸✶ ✐♥ ♦r❞❡r t♦ ♣r❛❝t✐❝❡✱ s✉♣♣♦rt ❛♥❞ ❧❡❛r♥ ❢r♦♠
✸✷
❡❛❝❤ ♦t❤❡r ✳ ▼❡♠❜❡rs ♦❢ ❛ s❛❝r✐✜❝✐❛❧ ❝✐r❝❧❡ ❤❛✈❡ ❦♥♦✇❧❡❞❣❡✲s❤❛r✐♥❣
s❡ss✐♦♥s ✭vidátha✮
✸✸ ✳ ❚❤❡r❡ ♠✐❣❤t ❜❡ ❞✐✛❡r❡♥t r♦❧❡s ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡rs ❤❛✈❡
❛s ♠❡♠❜❡rs ♦❢ ❛ s❛❝r✐✜❝✐❛❧ ❝✐r❝❧❡✿ áṅgiras ✖ ♦♥❡ ✇❤♦ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t❡s
❢♦r ❤✐s ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s ✐♠♣♦rt❛♥t ♣♦✐♥ts ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ s♣❡❡❝❤
✸✹ ✱ ❛♥❞ ❛❧s♦
✸✺
♠❛❦❡s r♦✉s✐♥❣ s♣❡❡❝❤❡s ✱ átharvan ✖ ♦♥❡ ✇❤♦ ❝♦♠♣♦s❡s ❢♦r♠✉✲
❧❛s ❛♥❞ s❝r✐♣ts ❢♦r s❛❝r✐✜❝❡s
✸✻ ✱ adhvaryú ✖ ♦♥❡ ✇❤♦ s❡❡❦s ✇❛②s t♦

✷✾ ✶✵✳✹✷✳✶✵ ❚♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ♦✉r s❛❝r✐✜❝✐❛❧ ❝✐r❝❧❡ ✇❡ ♠✐❣❤t ✇✐♥✦

✸✵ ✶✳✺✶✳✶✺ ▼❛② ✇❡✱ ❛❧❧✲❤❡r♦✐❝✱ ❬✇❤♦ ❛r❡❪ ✐♥ t❤✐s s❛❝r✐✜❝✐❛❧ ❡♥❝❧♦s✉r❡✱ ❖ Indra✱
t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ♣❛tr♦♥s ♦❢ t❤✐s s❛❝r✐✜❝❡✱ ❜❡ ✉♥❞❡r t❤② ♣r♦t❡❝t✐♦♥✦
✻✳✻✽✳✸ ❇② t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡ ♦♥❡ s❧❛②s Vr.tra ✇✐t❤ ❛ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✱ ❛♥♦t❤❡r✱
✐♥✇❛r❞❧② ❡①❝✐t❡❞✱ ❛ss✐sts ✐♥ ❡♥❝❧♦s✉r❡s✳
✶✵✳✷✼✳✺ ❚❤❡② ❝❡rt❛✐♥❧② ❞♦ ♥♦t r❡str❛✐♥ ♠❡ ✐♥ ❛ s❛❝r✐✜❝✐❛❧ ❡♥❝❧♦s✉r❡
✸✶ ✹✳✷✶✳✻ t❤♦s❡ ✇❤♦ ❛r❡ s✐tt✐♥❣ ♦♥ ❛ st♦♥❡ ✐♥ ❛ ❤✐❞✐♥❣✲♣❧❛❝❡ ♦❢ s♦♠❡♦♥❡ str✐✈✲
✐♥❣ ❡❛r♥❡st❧②✱ t❤♦s❡✱ ✇❤♦ ❛r❡ ♠❛❦✐♥❣ ❡✛♦rt t♦ ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❡✱ ✇❡r❡ t♦ ❤❛st❡♥
③❡❛❧♦✉s❧②
✸✷ ✶✳✻✳✼ ❇❡❝❛✉s❡ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ Indra t❤♦✉✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❝♦♠❡ ✐♥t♦ ❝♦♥t❛❝t ✇✐t❤
❬s♦♠❡♦♥❡ ✇❤♦❪ ❤❛s✲❜❡❝♦♠❡✲❢❡❛r❧❡ss✱ ✇♦✉❧❞ s❡❡ t❤❡ t✇♦✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ s✐♠✐❧❛r ✈✐t❛❧
♣♦✇❡r✱ ❬❛s❪ ❝♦♥❞✉❝✐✈❡ t♦ ❥♦②
✶✵✳✷✽✳✷ ■♥ ❛❧❧ ❡♥❝❧♦s✉r❡s ■ ♣r♦t❡❝t t❤❛t ♦♥❡✱ ✇❤♦✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ Soma ♣r❡ss❡❞✱
s❛t❡s ♠② t✇♦ ❝❛✈✐t✐❡s✳
✶✵✳✸✷✳✼ ❙✐♥❝❡ ❤❡✱ ✇❤♦ ❞♦❡s ♥♦t ❦♥♦✇ ❛ ❧♦❝❛❧✐t②✱ ✇♦✉❧❞ ❛s❦ ❤✐♠ ❦♥♦✇s✱ ♦♥❡
✇♦✉❧❞ ♣r♦❝❡❡❞ ❛s t❛✉❣❤t ❜② ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ❦♥♦✇s✳ ❚❤✐s ❬✐s❪ tr✉❧② ❛ ❣♦♦❞ ❢♦rt✉♥❡
♦❢ ❛♥ ✐♥str✉❝t✐♦♥✱ ❛♥❞ ♦♥❡ ✇♦✉❧❞ ✜♥❞ ❬t❤✉s❪ ❛ str❛✐❣❤t❢♦r✇❛r❞ ❝♦✉rs❡ ❬♦❢
❛❝t✐♦♥s❪✳
✸✸ ✻✳✷✶✳✻ ❚❤❡ ❧❡❛st ❬s❦✐❧❧❡❞❪ ♦♥❡s✱ ✐♥q✉✐r✐♥❣ ❛❜♦✉t ❤✐♠ ✖ ❛❜♦✉t t❤②✱ ❖ Indra
❞✐st❛♥t ❢♦r♠❡r ❢❛♠♦✉s ❞❡❡❞s ✖ ❬t❤✉s❪ ❣✐✈❡ t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s ❞✐r❡❝t✐♦♥s ❬❢♦r ✐♠✲
♣r♦✈❡♠❡♥t❪✳
✸✳✸✾✳✶ ❖ Indra✱ t❤❡ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❣❡st✉r❡ ❬✐s❪ ♣♦✉r❡❞ ❢♦rt❤ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ❤❡❛rt❀ t♦✲
✇❛r❞s t❤❡ ♣r♦t❡❝t♦r s❤❡ ❣♦❡s✱ ❢❛s❤✐♦♥❡❞ ❛s ❛ ❤②♠♥ ♦❢ ♣r❛✐s❡✱ ❬s❤❡✱❪ ❜❡✐♥❣
r❡❝✐t❡❞ ❞✉r✐♥❣ ❛ ❦♥♦✇❧❡❞❣❡✲s❤❛r✐♥❣ s❡ss✐♦♥✱ ✐s ❦❡❡♣✐♥❣ ❬✉s❪ ❛✇❛❦❡
✹✳✶✻✳✸ ▲✐❦❡ ♣♦❡t ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t❡s❪ ✇❤❛t ✐s ❤✐❞❞❡♥✱ t❤❡ ❜✉❧❧ ❬✐s❪ ❜r✐♥❣✐♥❣ t♦ r❡❛❧✲
✐③❛t✐♦♥ ❦♥♦✇❧❡❞❣❡✲s❤❛r✐♥❣ s❡ss✐♦♥s ✖ ✇❤❡♥ ❞r✐♥❦✐♥❣ ✉♣ t❤❡ ❧✐❜❛t✐♦♥❀
✸✳✸✶✳✶✷ ❆❧s♦✱ ❢♦r t❤❡ ❢❛t❤❡r t❤❡② ♣❡r❢♦r♠❡❞ ❛ s✐tt✐♥❣❀ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ❬t❤❡② ♣❡r✲
❢♦r♠❡❞❪ ❢♦r ❤✐♠ ♣♦✇❡r❢✉❧ ♣♦ss❡ss✐♥❣ ♦❢ ❡♥❡r❣✐❡s ❬r✐t✉❛❧❪ ✖ ❜❡❝❛✉s❡ ❛❝t✐♥❣
❡✣❝✐❡♥t❧② ♦♥❡s ♠❛❞❡ ✐t ❦♥♦✇♥ ❬❛s ♣❛rt ♦❢ t❤❡ ♣r♦❝❡ss❪✳
✼✳✷✵✳✼ ❲❤❡♥ ❤❡ ✇❤♦ ✐s ✐♥ ❢r♦♥t ❬✐s❪ ❡❛❣❡r t♦ ❤❡❧♣ t♦ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ❢♦❧❧♦✇s✱ ❤❡✱
t❤❡ s✉♣❡r✐♦r✱ s❤❛❧❧ ❣♦ t♦✇❛r❞s ✐♥❢❡r✐♦r✬s ❣✐❢t ✖ ❡✈❡♥ ❛♥ ✐♠♠♦rt❛❧ ❝❛♥ s✐t
r♦✉♥❞ ❛ ❤✉t✳
✸✹ ✸✳✸✶✳✼ t❤❡♥✱ ✐♥ t❤❡ ✈❡r② ♠♦♠❡♥t✱ ❤❡ ❜❡❝❛♠❡ ❛♥ aṅgiras ✖ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t✐♥❣ ❜②
♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ s♣❡❡❝❤✳
✸✺ ✶✳✻✷✳✶ ❲❡ t❤✐♥❦ ✉♣♦♥ ❤✐❣❤s♣✐r✐t❡❞ ♣r❛✐s✐♥❣✲❛❧♦✉❞ ❬sāman❪ ✐♥ t❤❡ ♠❛♥♥❡r
♦❢ aṅgiras✲❡s ❢♦r ❝❤❛♥❣✐♥❣✲♣♦✇❡r❢✉❧❧② ❧♦♥❣✐♥❣✲❢♦r✲❛✲❝❤❛♥t ♦♥❡✳
✸✻ ✶✳✽✸✳✺ ❲✐t❤ ✜r❡ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣s t❤❡ ♦r✐❣✐♥❛❧ atharvan ❤❛s ❡①t❡♥❞❡❞ ♣❛t❤✇❛②s ❬❢♦r
t❤♦s❡ ✇❤♦ s❡❡❦❪✳
✶✳✽✵✳✶✻ ❲❤❛t ✈✐s✐♦♥ atharvan✱ t❤❡ ✐♥t❡❧❧✐❣❡♥t ❢❛t❤❡r✱ ❬❛♥❞❪ Dadhyac ❤❛✈❡
❡①t❡♥❞❡❞✱ ❬✐t ✐s t❤✐s ✖❪ ✐♥ ❤✐♠✱ ✐♥ Indra✱ ✜rst ♦❢ ❛❧❧✱ t❤❡ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥s ❬❛♥❞❪
r❡❝✐t❡❞ ✈❡rs❡s ❝♦♠❡ t♦❣❡t❤❡r✳
✶✻✽ ❆❞❡♣ts ❛♥❞ ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡rs ♦❢ Indra
♣r♦❝❡❡❞ ✇❤✐❧❡ ❝♦♥❞✉❝t✐♥❣ ❛ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡
✸✼ ✱ ❛ ❣✉❛r❞✐❛♥✸✽ ✳ ▼❡♠❜❡rs ♦❢
✸✾
❛ s❛❝r✐✜❝✐❛❧ ❝✐r❝❧❡ ❛r❡ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s ✭sákhi✮ ✱ ❧✐❦❡✲♠✐♥❞❡❞ ♠❡♥ ✇❤♦
✹✵
❛r❡ ❡q✉❛❧ ✱ ❛♥❞ ✇❤♦ s❡❡❦ ❛ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s❤✐♣ ❛♥❞ ❧✐❦❡✲♠✐♥❞❡❞♥❡ss
✭sakhyá✮ ✇✐t❤ Indra✹✶ ✳

❆♠♦♥❣ ❤✐s ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡rs Indra ♣r❡❢❡rs ❛ s❦✐❧❧❢✉❧ ♠❛♥✱ ♦♥❡ ✇❤♦ ♣✉r✲
s✉❡s ❞❡✈♦t✐♦♥ t♦ ❤✐♠ ✭✹✳✷✺✳✺✮ ❛♥❞ ♦✛❡rs ❤✐♠s❡❧❢ ✭✸✳✸✻✳✷✮ ❛s ❛ ❝❤❛r✐♦t
✭✺✳✸✸✳✺✱ ✶✳✺✺✳✼✮✱ ✇❤♦ ♣r❡ss❡s Soma✱ ♣❡r❢♦r♠s ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥s✱ r❡❝✐t❡s
✈❡rs❡s ❛♥❞ ♣r❛✐s❡s ♦❢ ❤✐♠ ✭✷✳✶✷✳✶✹✱ ✷✳✷✵✳✸✱ ✹✳✷✺✳✺✱ ✻✳✷✾✳✹✮✱ ✇❤♦ ✐s
♠✐♥❞❢✉❧✱ r❡♣❡❧s ♠❡♥t❛❧ ✐♥❡rt✐❛ ❛♥❞ ❞❡str♦②s r❡❛❝t✐✈❡✲✐♠♣✉❧s✐✈❡♥❡ss
✭✷✳✶✷✳✶✹✱ ✹✳✷✺✳✺✱ ✶✳✺✻✳✹✱ ✶✳✺✸✳✶✶✮✱ ✇❤♦ t✇✐sts ❛♥❞ s♣r❡❛❞s ✏t❤❡ s❛❝✲
r✐✜❝✐❛❧ ❣r❛ss✑ ✭✽✳✸✻✳✶✱ ✽✳✹✺✳✶✮✱ ✇❤♦ ❡①❡rts ❤✐♠s❡❧❢ ✭✷✳✷✵✳✸✮✱ ✐s ♣❛s✲
s✐♦♥❛t❡✱ ❡♥r❛❣❡❞ ✭✶✳✽✹✳✶✻✮✳ ❖♥❧② ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦s❡ ♠✐♥❞ ✐s ❞✐r❡❝t❡❞ t♦ ♦♥❡
❣♦❛❧ Indra ♠❛❦❡s ❛ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥ ✐♥ ❛ ❝❧❛s❤
✹✷ ✳

Priyámedha✲s ❛♥❞ ❛❞❡♣ts ❛r❡ ❝❤❛r❛❝t❡r✐③❡❞ ❛s ♣❧❛❝✐♥❣ t❤❡✐r tr✉st

✸✼ ✷✳✶✹✳✶ ❖ adhvaryu✲s✦ ❇r✐♥❣ t♦ Indra Soma✦ ❯s✐♥❣ t❛♥❦❛r❞s✱ ♣♦✉r ✐♥ t❤❡

❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t✐♥❣ ❤❡r❜✦
✺✳✸✼✳✷ ❲❤♦s❡ s✐♥❣❡rs s♣❡❛❦ ✐♥ ❛♥ ✐♥st✐❣❛t✐♥❣ ♠❛♥♥❡r✱ ❤❡✱ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ ✇❛②s t♦
♣r♦❝❡❡❞✱ ✇✐❧❧ ❣♦ ❞♦✇♥ t❤❡ r✐✈❡r ✇✐t❤ ❛♥ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣✳
✸✽ ✶✳✶✵✶✳✶✶ ❬❆s❪ ❣✉❛r❞✐❛♥s ♦❢ s❛❝r✐✜❝✐❛❧ ❡♥❝❧♦s✉r❡ t❤❛t ♣r❛✐s❡s ❬t❤❡❡❪ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s
♦❢ Marut✲s✱ ✳✳✳
✸✾ ✹✳✷✺✳✷ ❲❤♦ ❞❡s✐r❡s Indra✬s ❛❧❧✐❛♥❝❡✱ ✇❤♦ ❛ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s❤✐♣✱ ✇❤♦ ❛ ❜r♦t❤❡r✲
❤♦♦❞❄
✼✳✸✶✳✶ ❙t❛rt ②❡ t♦ s✐♥❣ ②♦✉r ❞❡❧✐❣❤t✐♥❣ ❬❤②♠♥ ♦❢ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t✐♦♥❪ t♦ Indra✱ t♦
❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❛✇♥② ❤♦rs❡s ♦♥❡✱ ❖ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s
✽✳✻✽✳✶✾ ◆♦ ♠♦rt❛❧ ❛♠♦♥❣ ②♦✉✱ ❖ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s✲✐♥✲r✉s❤❡s✲♦❢✲✈✐❣♦✉r✱ ♥♦t ❡✈❡♥
✇✐s❤✐♥❣ t♦ ❜❧❛♠❡ ❬②♦✉❪✱ s❤❛❧❧ ❤♦❧❞ ♦✈❡r ❬②♦✉❪ t❤❡ ✉♥s♣❡❛❦❛❜❧❡✳
✶✵✳✶✼✾✳✷ s❡t ♦✉t q✉✐❝❦❧② t♦ ❝♦♦❦❡❞ ♦❜❧❛t✐♦♥ s♦ t❤❛t ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s ✇✐t❤ r❡✲
❝❡♣t❛❝❧❡s ❬❢♦r t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡❪ ✇♦✉❧❞ ❛ss❡♠❜❧❡ r♦✉♥❞ t❤❡❡
✹✵ ✷✳✶✼✳✽ ■✱ ❢r♦♠ ❛♠♦♥❣ ❡q✉❛❧s ❛t t❤❡ ❛ss❡♠❜❧②✱ ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤ t❤❡❡ ❢♦r ❛ ❣♦♦❞
❢♦rt✉♥❡✳
✹✶ ✻✳✷✾✳✶ ❨♦✉r ♠❡♥ ❤❛✈❡ s♦✉❣❤t ❛❢t❡r Indra ❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s❤✐♣
❬✇✐t❤ ❤✐♠❪❀ str✐✈✐♥❣ ❛❢t❡r ❛♥ ❡✛❡❝t✐✈❡ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❣❡st✉r❡ ❬t❤❡② ❛r❡❪ ♠♦✈✐♥❣
s✇✐❢t❧②✳
✹✳✶✼✳✶✻ ❉❡s✐r✐♥❣ ❝♦✇s✱ ❞❡s✐r✐♥❣ ❤♦rs❡s✱ ✐♥✇❛r❞❧② ❡①❝✐t❡❞ ♦♥❡s✱ ❬❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥❪
Indra ❢♦r ❛ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s❤✐♣
✹✳✷✺✳✶ ❲❤♦ t♦❞❛②✱ ♠❛♥❧②✱ ❧♦♥❣✐♥❣ ❢♦r t❤❡ deva✱ ❞❡s✐r✐♥❣ ❬✐t❪ ❤❛s ❡♥❥♦②❡❞
Indra✬s ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s❤✐♣❄
✹✷ ✹✳✷✹✳✻ ❲✐t❤ t❤❡ ♠✐♥❞ ❞✐r❡❝t❡❞ t♦ ♦♥❡ ❣♦❛❧✱ ❤❡ ✇❤♦ ❞♦❡s ♥♦t ❧♦s❡ t❤❡ tr❛❝❦
♠❛❦❡s ♦♥❧② ❤✐♠ ❛ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥ ✐♥ ❝❧❛s❤❡s✳
✼✳✸✷✳✾ ❞♦ ②❡ ❛❝t t♦ t❤❡ s❛t✐s❢❛❝t✐♦♥ ♦❢ t❤❡ ♠✐❣❤t② ♦♥❡✱ ❤❡❧♣ t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡ t♦
❝♦♥❝❡♥tr❛t❡✦
 ✶✻✾

❛♥❞ ❤♦♣❡s ♦♥❧② ✐♥t♦ Indra✹✸ ❛♥❞ t❤❡✐r ❧♦♥❣✐♥❣s ✉♣♦♥ ❤✐♠✹✹ ✳ ❚❤❡②
♦✛❡r t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s ❛s ❝❤❛r✐♦ts ❢♦r Indra✹✺ ✳ ❚❤❡② ❛r❡ t❤❡ ✜❡r❝❡st✹✻ ✱
❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s✹✼ ✱ ✐♥✇❛r❞❧②✲❡①❝✐t❡❞✹✽ ✱ ❤❛✈❡ ③❡❛❧ ❛♥❞ ✇♦rt❤ ✭✶✳✾✳✻✮✱ ❛♥❞
❛r❡ ✈❡r② ♠❛♥❧②✹✾ ✳ ❚❤❡② ❛r❡ str✐✈✐♥❣ ❡❛r♥❡st❧②✱ t❤❡② ❛r❡ ❧❡❛r♥❡❞✺✵ ✳
❚❤❡② ♣r❛❝t✐❝❡ r✉s❤❡s ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r ❛♥❞ r❡✜♥❡ t❤❡✐r r❡s♦✉r❝❡❢✉❧♥❡ss✺✶ ✳
❚❤❡② ❛r❡ ♥♦t ✐❞❧❡✺✷ ✱ ♥♦t ❧✐✈✐♥❣✲❛t✲❤♦♠❡ ❞✉❧❧❛r❞s✺✸ ✳ ❚❤❡✐r ✈✐❣♦✉r
❛♥❞ s❦✐❧❧s ❛r❡ ❢♦r Indra✺✹ ✱ t❤❡✐r Soma ✐s ❢♦r Indra✺✺ ✳ ❚❤❡② ❛r❡ ❣❡♥✲
❡r♦✉s✺✻ ✱ ♥♦t st✐♥❣② ♦r ♥✐❣❣❛r❞❧②✺✼ ✳ ❚❤❡② ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤ Indra ✇✐t❤ r❡✈❡r✲
✹✸ ✼✳✸✷✳✶✹ ❖♥ ❛ ❞❡❝✐s✐✈❡ ❞❛② ♦♥❧② t❤r♦✉❣❤ tr✉st ✐♥ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡✱ ❤❡✱
✇❤♦ ♦❜t❛✐♥s t❤❡ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱ s❡❡❦s t♦ ♣r♦❝✉r❡ t❤❡ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✳
✽✳✷✹✳✶✶ ◆❡✈❡r ♦✉r ❤♦♣❡s ❤❛✈❡ ❣♦♥❡ t♦ ❛♥② ♣❧❛❝❡ ♦t❤❡r t❤❛♥ t❤❡❡
✶✳✶✵✸✳✺ P✉t ②❡ tr✉st ✐♥t♦ Indra✬s ✈❛❧♦✉r✦
✻✳✷✻✳✷ ❆ ✜st✲✜❣❤t❡r✱ ✜❣❤t✐♥❣ ♠✐❞st ❜✉❧❧s✱ s❡❡s t❤❡❡ ❞✉r✐♥❣ ❞✐✣❝✉❧t✐❡s✱ t❤❡❡✱
♦✈❡rs❡❡r ♦❢ ✇❤❛t✬s r❡❛❧✱ ❛s ❝❛rr②✐♥❣ ❛❝r♦ss ❬t❤❡ ❞✐✣❝✉❧t✐❡s❪✳
✹✹ ✼✳✸✷✳✷ t❤❡②✱ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ ❜❡♥❡✜ts ♣r❛✐s❡rs✱ ❤❛✈❡ ♣❧❛❝❡❞ ❬t❤❡✐r❪ ❧♦♥❣✐♥❣ ✉♣♦♥ Indra
❛s ✐❢ ❛ ❢♦♦t ✉♣♦♥ ❛ ❝❤❛r✐♦t
✹✺ ✽✳✼✽✳✶✵ ■ ❛♠ ♦♥❧② t❤②✱ ❖ Indra✱ t❤r♦✉❣❤ ❛ ❤♦♣❡ ❬❢♦r t❤② ❤❡❧♣❪✳
✸✳✸✻✳✷ ❙❡✐③❡ ✇❡❧❧ t❤♦s❡ ✇❤♦ ♦✛❡r t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s
✺✳✸✸✳✺ ❲❡✱ t❤♦s❡ ✇❤♦ ❬❛r❡❪ t❤②✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❛♥❞ ❬❛r❡❪ ♠❡♥✱ ❤❛✈❡ ❡♠❡r❣❡❞ ❛s ❛
tr♦♦♣✱ ❛♥❞ ❬❛r❡❪ ❡♥t❡r❡❞ ✉♣♦♥ ❬❜② t❤❡❡❪ ❬❛s❪ ❝❤❛r✐♦ts
✹✻ ✻✳✸✸✳✶ ❲❤♦ ✐s t❤❡ ♠♦st ✜❡r❝❡✱ ✳✳✳ ❤✐♠ t❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ r✐❣❤t❧② ❣✐✈❡ t♦ ✉s
✹✼ ✷✳✶✶✳✶✼ ❏✉st ✐♥ ❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s ♦♥❡s✱ ❖ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱ ❞♦ t❤♦✉✱ ♣r♦❝✉r✐♥❣ ❥♦②✱
❞r✐♥❦ Soma ❞✉r✐♥❣ ✏t❤r❡❡✲❤♦✇❧s✑✱ ❖ Indra✦
✹✽ ✽✳✺✶✳✶✵ ❩❡❛❧♦✉s ✐♥✇❛r❞❧②✲❡①❝✐t❡❞ ♦♥❡s ❤❛✈❡ s❛♥❣ r✐❝❤ ✐♥ ❤♦♥❡②✱ ♦♦③✐♥❣ ✇✐t❤
❣❤❡❡ ❤②♠♥ ♦❢ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t✐♦♥✳
✹✾ ✷✳✶✶✳✷✶ ✇❡✱ ✈❡r② ♠❛♥❧②✱ ❝❛♥ ❛❞❞r❡ss ❛ ❦♥♦✇❧❡❞❣❡✲s❤❛r✐♥❣ s❡ss✐♦♥✦
✹✳✷✺✳✶ ❲❤♦ t♦❞❛②✱ ♠❛♥❧②✱ ❧♦♥❣✐♥❣ ❢♦r t❤❡ deva✱ ❞❡s✐r✐♥❣ ❬✐t❪ ❤❛s ❡♥❥♦②❡❞
Indra✬s ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s❤✐♣❄
✺✵ ✷✳✷✶✳✺ str✐✈✐♥❣ ❡❛r♥❡st❧② ❧❡❛r♥❡❞ ♦♥❡s ❬❛r❡❪ st✐♠✉❧❛t✐♥❣ ✈✐s✐♦♥s
✺✶ ✽✳✺✸✳✷ ✇❡✱ ♣r❛❝t✐❝✐♥❣ r✉s❤❡s ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱ ❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥ ❬t❤❡❡❪
✽✳✺✸✳✻ ✇❤♦✱ ✉tt❡r✐♥❣ ❢♦r t❤❡❡ ✈❡rs❡s✱ ❛r❡ ❝♦♥t✐♥✉❛❧❧② r❡✜♥✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡✐r❪ r❡s♦✉r❝❡✲
❢✉❧♥❡ss✦
✺✷ ✽✳✾✼✳✸ ❲❤♦✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ♥♦ ❝♦♥str❛✐♥ts✱ ✐s ✐❞❧❡✱ s❧❡❡♣②✱ ♥♦t✲s❡❡❦✐♥❣✲deva✱ ❤❡ ❜②
❤✐s ♦✇♥ ❤❛❜✐ts s❤❛❧❧ ❞❡str♦② t♦✲❜❡✲♥♦✉r✐s❤❡❞ tr❡❛s✉r❡
✺✸ ✽✳✷✶✳✶✺ ❜❡✐♥❣ ❧✐❦❡✲♠✐♥❞❡❞ ✇✐t❤ s♦♠❡♦♥❡ ❧✐❦❡ t❤❡❡✱ ♠❛② ✇❡ ♥♦t s✐t ❞♦✇♥ ❛t
❛ ♣r❡ss✐♥❣ ❧✐❦❡ ❧✐✈✐♥❣✲❛t✲❤♦♠❡ ❞✉❧❧❛r❞s✳
✺✹ ✷✳✷✵✳✶ ❲❡ ❜r✐♥❣ ❢♦rt❤ t♦ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Indra✱ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❛♥❞ ❜♦❞✐❧② ✈✐❣♦✉r
✷✳✶✻✳✹ ❙✐♥❝❡ ❛❧❧ ❢♦st❡r ❬t❤❡✐r❪ s❦✐❧❧ ❢♦r t❤✐s ♦♥❡
✺✺ ✸✳✹✷✳✽ ❏✉st ❢♦r t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Indra✱ ✐♥ ♠② ♦✇♥ ❤♦✉s❡ ■ ❤❛st❡♥ Soma ❢♦r ❛ ❞r✐♥❦✳
✺✻ ✽✳✹✺✳✷ ■♥❞❡❡❞ ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥t ✐s t❤❡✐r ❢✉❡❧✱ ❢r❡q✉❡♥t ❬✐s t❤❡✐r❪ r❡❝✐t❛t✐♦♥✱ ✇✐❞❡ ❬✐s
t❤❡✐r❪ s❛❝r✐✜❝✐❛❧ ♣♦st ✇❤♦s❡ ②♦✉t❤❢✉❧ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥ ✐s Indra✳
✼✳✸✷✳✶✺ ■♠♣❡❧ tr✉❧② ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡s ✐♥t♦ ❬❛❝ts ♦❢ ❪ s❧❛②✐♥❣ Vr.tra ✖ t❤♦s❡ ✇❤♦
❬♣❧❛❝❡❪ ✐♥t♦ ❜❡st♦✇✐♥❣ ♦♥❡ ❬❤✐s❪ ❢❛✈♦r✐t❡ ❬❞r♦♣s ♦❢ ❤♦♥❡②❪ ❛t ❛♥ ❛❞✈❛♥t❛❣❡
❬♦❢ t❤❡s❡ ✈❡rs❡s❪✦
✹✳✶✻✳✶✾ ❲✐t❤ t❤❡s❡ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ t❤❡❡ ♠❡♥✱ ✇✐t❤ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡s✱ ❖ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡✱
✇❡✱ ✇❤♦ ❛r❡ r❛✐s✐♥❣ ✐t ✉♣✱ s✉r♣❛ss✐♥❣ ❬❛t ✐t ♦t❤❡rs❪ ❝❛♥ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t❡ t❤❡❡ ✖
❧✐❦❡ ❞❛②s ✇✐t❤ ♣♦✇❡rs t♦ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t❡ ❬❝❛♥❪ ✖ ✐♥ ❡✈❡r② ❝♦♥t❡st ❛♥❞ ❢♦r ♠❛♥②
❞❛②s ❛♥❞ ❛✉t✉♠♥s✳
✺✼ ✼✳✸✷✳✾ deva-s ❬❛r❡❪ ♥♦t ❢♦r ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ tr✐❡s t♦ ❜❡ st✐♥❣②✳
✹✳✷✺✳✼ Indra ✳✳✳ ❞♦❡s ♥♦t ♣r♦♠✐s❡ ❢r✐❡♥❞s❤✐♣ ♥❡✐t❤❡r t♦ ❛ ✇❡❛❧t❤② ♥✐❣❣❛r❞✱
✶✼✵ ❆❞❡♣ts ❛♥❞ ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡rs ♦❢ Indra
❡♥❝❡✺✽ ✱ ❛♥❞ r❡❛❧❧② ❤♦♥♦r ❤✐♠ ✐♥ t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s✺✾ ✱ t❤❡② ❞♦ ♥♦t ❞✐♠✐♥✐s❤
Indra✬s s♣❤❡r❡s ♦❢ ❛❝t✐♦♥✻✵ ✱ ♦r ♣✉t ❝♦♥str❛✐♥ts ♦♥ ❤✐♠✻✶ ✳ ❚❤❡② ❝❛♥
❝r❡❛t❡ ♥❡✇ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥s✻✷ ✱ ❛♥❞ ♣✉t ✐♥t♦ ♦t❤❡r ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡rs s❤❛♣✐♥❣
t❤❡✐r ❛❝t✐✈✐t✐❡s ✈✐s✐♦♥s✻✸ ✳ ❚❤❡② ❝♦♥tr♦❧ t❤❡✐r ♦✇♥ ❛✛❡❝t✐♦♥s✻✹ ✱ ❛♥❞
❛r❡ ❢❡❛r❧❡ss✻✺ ✱ ❞❡✜❛♥t✻✻ ✱ ❛♥❞ ♠❛❦❡ t❤❡✐r ❡♥❡♠✐❡s ❝r②✻✼ ✳ ❚❤❡② ❞♦
♥♦t ❤❛✈❡ ❞✐✈✐❞❡❞ ❧♦②❛❧t✐❡s✻✽ ✱ ❜❡♥❞ t❤❡ tr✉t❤✱ ♦r ❛ss✐st ❡♠♣❧♦②✐♥❣✲
❞❡❝❡✐t ♦♥❡s✻✾ ✳ ❚❤❡② ❞♦ ♥♦t s✉❜♠✐t t♦ ❛ str♦♥❣ ♦r r❡❧❡♥t❧❡ss ♦♥❡✼✵ ✳
■♥ ❛ ❜❛tt❧❡✱ t❤❡②✱ ❜❡✐♥❣ ✜❣❤t❡rs✱ ❜❡❤❛✈❡ ❧✐❦❡ ❜✉❧❧s ✖ ❝♦♥q✉❡r✐♥❣ ❛♥❞
s❧❛②✐♥❣✼✷ ✱ ❞❛r✐♥❣✱ ✐♥❢✉s✐♥❣ str❡♥❣t❤ ✐♥t♦ ♦t❤❡rs✱ ♥❡✈❡r ✇❛✈❡r✐♥❣ ♦r
❜❡✐♥❣ ❧♦st ✭✼✳✷✵✳✺✕✻✮✱ ❞✐st✐♥❣✉✐s❤✐♥❣ t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s✼✸ ✱ r✉s❤✐♥❣ t♦ ❛✐❞
t❤♦s❡ ✇❤♦ ❛r❡ ✐♥ tr♦✉❜❧❡✼✹ ❀ t❤❡② ♣♦s❡ ❛ ❣r❡❛t ♦❜st❛❝❧❡ t♦ ❡♥❡♠②
❛tt❛❝❦s✼✺ ✳

♥♦r t♦ ♥♦♥✲♣r❡ss✐♥❣ ❬Soma❪ ♦♥❡

✺✽ ✽✳✻✾✳✶✼ ❚❤✉s t❤❡② ✇❤♦ ❛r❡ ❢✉❧❧✲♦❢✲r❡✈❡r❡♥❝❡ r❡s♣❡❝t❢✉❧❧② ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦
✐♥❞❡❡❞ ✐s s❡❧❢✲r✉❧✐♥❣
✺✾ ✻✳✻✽✳✺ ❏✉st ❤❡ ✇❤♦ ✐s ❧✐❜❡r❛❧✱ ❛ ❣♦♦❞ ❤❡❧♣❡r✱ ✇❤♦ ❢✉rt❤❡rs .rta✱ ✇❤♦ r❡❛❧❧②
❤♦♥♦rs Indra✱ Varun
.a ✐♥ ❤✐s ♦✇♥ s❡❧❢✱ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❛ ❧✐❜❛t✐♦♥✱ ❤❡✱ ❞✐s♣♦s❡❞
t♦ ❣✐✈❡✱ ❝❛♥ tr❛♥s❝❡♥❞ ❤♦st✐❧✐t✐❡s✱ s♦ t❤❛t ❤❡ ✇♦✉❧❞ ♣❧❛❝❡ t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡ ❛♥❞
♣♦ss❡ss✐♥❣ r✐❝❤❡s ♣❡♦♣❧❡ ✇✐t❤✐♥ ❤✐s r❡❛❝❤✳
✻✵ ✼✳✸✶✳✶✶ ❚❤❡②✱ ❢❛❝✐❧✐t❛t✐♥❣ ❝♦♥t❡♠♣❧❛t✐♦♥s✱ ❞♦ ♥♦t ❞✐♠✐♥✐s❤ ❤✐s s♣❤❡r❡s ♦❢
❛❝t✐♦♥✳
✻✶ ✽✳✼✵✳✶✵ ❚❤♦s❡ ✐♠♣♦s✐♥❣ ❝♦♥str❛✐♥ts ♦♥ t❤❡❡ t❤♦✉ ❞♦ ♥♦t s❛t✐s❢②✳
✻✷ ✼✳✸✶✳✶✶ ❢♦r Indra ✐♥✇❛r❞❧② ❡①❝✐t❡❞ ♦♥❡s s❤❛❧❧ ❝r❡❛t❡ ❛ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥✳
✽✳✻✻✳✶✶ ■t ✐s ✇❡✱ ❜❡st✲❛♠♦♥❣✲♠❛♥②✱ ✇❤♦ ♣r❡s❡♥t t♦ t❤❡❡ ❛s ❛♥ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣✱
♦r✐❣✐♥❛❧ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥s
✻✸ ✶✳✻✶✳✶✻ ❚❤♦✉ ❤❛s ♣✉t ✐♥t♦ t❤❡s❡ ❬✇♦rs❤✐♣❡rs❪ s❤❛♣✐♥❣ ❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣ ✈✐s✐♦♥
✻✹ ✼✳✷✶✳✺ ■♥❢❛t✉❛t✐♦♥s ❞♦ ♥♦t ❞r✐✈❡ ✉s✱ ❖ Indra✱ ♥❡✐t❤❡r ♣r❛✐s❡s ❛❝t✉❛❧❧② ❞♦
✻✺ ✻✳✹✼✳✽ ❚❤♦✉✱ ❦♥♦✇✐♥❣✱ s❤❛❧❧ ❧❡❛❞ ✉s ❛❧♦♥❣ ❛ ✇✐❞❡ s♣❛❝❡ t♦✇❛r❞s ♣♦ss❡ss✐♥❣
svàr ❧✐❣❤t✱ ❢❡❛r❧❡ss♥❡ss✱ ✇❡❧❧✲❜❡✐♥❣✳
✽✳✻✶✳✶✸ ❲❤❛t❡✈❡r ✇❡ ❛r❡ ❛❢r❛✐❞ ♦❢✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❡✛❡❝t ❢♦r ✉s ❢❡❛r❧❡ss♥❡ss ❢♦r
t❤❛t✦
✻✻ ✽✳✻✷✳✺ ❚❤❡ ♠✐♥❞s❡t ♦❢ ❡✈❡♥ ❛ ❞❡✜❛♥t ♦♥❡ ✖ ❬t❤❡ ♠✐♥❞s❡t✱❪ ✇❤✐❝❤ t❤♦✉✱ ❖
Indra✱ ❝r❡❛t❡ ✖ ✐s ❞❡✜❛♥t
✻✼ ✶✳✺✻✳✹ ❤❡✱ ♠❛❦✐♥❣ ❡♥❡♠✐❡s ❝r② ❛❧♦✉❞✱ r❛✐s❡s t❤❡ ❞✉st ❢❛r ❛♥❞ ✇✐❞❡
✻✽ ✽✳✶✹✳✶✺ ❆♥ ❛ss❡♠❜❧② ❬t❤❛t ✇❛s❪ ♥♦t ♣r❡ss✐♥❣ Soma ❬t❤❛t ✇❛s❪ ✏t✉r♥❡❞ ✐♥
❜♦t❤ ❞✐r❡❝t✐♦♥s✑ t❤♦✉ ♠❛❞❡ t♦ ❞✐s❛♣♣❡❛r
✻✾ ✶✵✳✷✼✳✶ ■ ❛♠ ❛ ❞❡str♦②❡r ♦❢ ♥♦t✲❣✐✈✐♥❣✲t❤❡✲♠✐①t✉r❡ ♦♥❡✱ ♦❢ ❜❡♥❞✐♥❣✲t❤❡✲
tr✉t❤✱ ♦❢ ❛ss✐st✐♥❣ t♦ ❡♠♣❧♦②✐♥❣✲❞❡❝❡✐t ♦♥❡✳
✼✵ ✻✳✷✹✳✽ ❍❡ ✇❤♦ ✐s ♣r❛✐s✐♥❣ ❬Indra❪ ❞♦❡s ♥♦t s✉❜♠✐t✼✶ t♦ t❤❡ str♦♥❣✱ ♥♦r t♦
t❤❡ r❡❧❡♥t❧❡ss✱ ♥♦r t♦ t❤❡ ♠♦❝❦✐♥❣✱ ❞r✐✈❡♥ ❜② t❤❡ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡ t♦ s✉✛❡r ✇❛♥t
♦♥❡✳
✼✷ ✹✳✶✼✳✶✵ ❚❤✐s ♦♥❡ ✐s ♥♦✇ ❤❡❛r❞ ✖ ❝♦♥q✉❡r✐♥❣ ❛♥❞ s❧❛②✐♥❣
✼✸ ✶✵✳✶✷✵✳✺ ❲❡✱ ❢♦r❡s❡❡✐♥❣ ♠❛♥② t♦✲❜❡✲♦✈❡r❝♦♠❡ ❬♦❜st❛❝❧❡s❪✱ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤
t❤❡❡ ❤❛✈❡ ❞✐st✐♥❣✉✐s❤❡❞ ♦✉rs❡❧✈❡s ✐♥ ❜❛tt❧❡s✳
✼✹ ✽✳✹✺✳✸ ❊✈❡♥ ❬✇❤❡♥❪ ♥♦t✲❜❡✐♥❣✲❢♦✉❣❤t✱ t❤❡ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡ ❤❛st❡♥s t♦✇❛r❞s
s✉rr♦✉♥❞❡❞✲❜②✲✜❣❤t✐♥❣ ❬❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥❪ ✇✐t❤ ❬❤✐s❪ ✜❣❤t❡rs ✇❤♦s❡ ②♦✉t❤❢✉❧ ❝♦♠✲
♣❛♥✐♦♥ ✐s Indra✳
✼✺ ✼✳✸✷✳✶✸ ◆♦t ♠❛♥② ❛tt❛❝❦s ❣❡t t❤r♦✉❣❤ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❬❤✐s ♦✇♥❪
❛❝t✐✈✐t② s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ✐♥ ❬t❤❡ st❛t❡ ♦❢ ❪ Indra✳
❚r❛♥s❧❛t✐♦♥
❋♦❧❧♦✇✐♥❣ ❛r❡ tr❛♥s❧❛t✐♦♥s ♦❢ ❛❧♠♦st ❛❧❧ ❤②♠♥s t♦ Indra ✐♥ ❘✐❣✈❡❞❛✳
❚❤❡ ♦r❞❡r ♦❢ ❤②♠♥s ✐s t❤❡ tr❛❞✐t✐♦♥❛❧ ♦♥❡ ✖ ♦❢ R . gvedasam. hitā✳

▲✐st ♦❢ ❤②♠♥s tr❛♥s❧❛t❡❞ ❤❡r❡✳

❍❡r❡ ✐s t❤❡ ❝♦♠♣❧❡t❡ ❧✐st ♦❢ tr❛♥s❧❛t❡❞ ❤❡r❡ ✷✽✹ ❤②♠♥s✱ ❛rr❛♥❣❡❞

❜② man.d.ala✲s✿
✶✿ ✹✕✶✸✱ ✶✻✕✶✼✱ ✷✶✱ ✷✾✕✸✵✱ ✸✷✕✸✸✱ ✺✶✕✺✼✱ ✻✶✕✻✸✱ ✽✵✕✽✹✱
✶✵✵✕✶✵✹✱ ✶✵✽✕✶✵✾✱ ✶✷✶✱ ✶✷✾✕✶✸✸✱ ✶✺✺✱ ✶✻✺✱ ✶✻✾✱ ✶✼✵✱
✶✼✸✕✶✼✽
✷✿ ✶✶✕✷✷✱ ✸✵
✸✿ ✶✷✱ ✸✵✕✺✸✱ ✻✷
✹✿ ✶✻✕✸✷✱ ✹✶✕✹✷
✺✿ ✸✵✕✹✵✱ ✽✻
✻✿ ✶✼✕✷✼✱ ✷✾✕✹✼✱ ✺✼✱ ✺✾✕✻✵✱ ✻✽✕✻✾✱ ✻✳✼✷
✼✿ ✶✽✕✸✷✱ ✽✷✕✽✺✱ ✾✸✕✾✹✱ ✾✽✱ ✶✵✹
✽✿ ✶✕✹✱ ✻✱ ✶✷✕✶✼✱ ✷✶✱ ✷✹✱ ✸✷✕✸✹✱ ✸✻✕✸✽✱ ✹✵✱ ✹✺✕✹✻✱ ✹✾✕✺✹✱
✺✾✱ ✻✶✕✻✻✱ ✻✽✕✼✵✱ ✼✻✕✼✽✱ ✽✵✕✽✷✱ ✽✽✕✾✸✱ ✾✺✕✶✵✵
✶✵✿ ✷✷✕✷✹✱ ✷✼✕✷✾✱ ✸✷✱ ✸✽✱ ✹✷✕✹✹✱ ✹✼✕✺✵✱ ✺✹✕✺✺✱ ✼✸✕✼✹✱ ✽✾✱
✾✻✱ ✾✾✱ ✶✵✸✕✶✵✺✱ ✶✶✶✕✶✶✸✱ ✶✶✻✱ ✶✷✵✱ ✶✸✶✱ ✶✸✸✕✶✸✹✱ ✶✸✽✱
✶✹✹✱ ✶✹✼✕✶✹✽✱ ✶✺✷✕✶✺✸✱ ✶✻✵✱ ✶✻✼✱ ✶✼✶✱ ✶✼✾✕✶✽✵✳
❙②♥t❛① ♠❛r❦✉♣ ❢♦r t❤❡s❡ ❤②♠♥s ❛♥❞ st❛♥③❛s t❤❛t ✇❛s ✉s❡❞ ❢♦r t❤❡
tr❛♥s❧❛t✐♦♥ ❝❛♥ ❜❡ ❢♦✉♥❞ ❛t ❤tt♣✿✴✴t❤❡❛s✐s✳♥❡t✴❘❣❱✴❘❱❴✐♥❞❡①✷✳❤t♠❧
❖r✐❣✐♥❛❧ ❙❛♥s❦r✐t t❡①t ✐s ❣✐✈❡♥ ✐♥ ■❆❙❚ tr❛♥s❧✐t❡r❛t✐♦♥ ✇✐t❤ ❛❝✲
❝❡♥ts ❢♦❧❧♦✇✐♥❣ ❬✈❛♥ ◆♦♦t❡♥ ❛♥❞ ❍♦❧❧❛♥❞✱ ✷✵✵✵❪✳ ❲❤❡♥ ❙❛♥s❦r✐t

✶✼✶
✶✼✷

❧✐♥❡ ✐s ❜r♦❦❡♥ ♥♦t ❛t ⑤ ♦r ⑤⑤ t❤❡♥ ✐t ✐s ❜r♦❦❡♥ ❛t pada✶ ✬s ❡♥❞ ✉♥✲

❧❡ss ❛ ✈♦✇❡❧ sam
. dhi ♣r❡✈❡♥ts t❤❛t✳
❚❤❡ tr❛♥s❧❛t✐♦♥ ❢♦❧❧♦✇s t❤❡ ♦r✐❣✐♥❛❧ st❛♥③❛✲❜②✲st❛♥③❛✱ ❛♥❞ ♦♥❧②
✐♥ s♦♠❡ ❝❛s❡s ❧✐♥❡✲❜②✲❧✐♥❡ s✐♥❝❡ ❞✐✛❡r❡♥❝❡s ✐♥ s❡♥t❡♥❝❡ str✉❝t✉r❡
❜❡t✇❡❡♥ ❙❛♥s❦r✐t ❛♥❞ ❊♥❣❧✐s❤ ♣r❡✈❡♥t t❤❛t✳ ❙❛♥s❦r✐t t❡①t ❡♠♣❧♦②s
❞✐r❡❝t❧② ♦r t❤r♦✉❣❤ ✈❡r❜❛❧ ❢♦r♠s r❡❢❡r❡♥❝❡s t♦ ♠❡♥t✐♦♥❡❞ ♦r ✐♠✲
♣❧✐❡❞ ♥♦✉♥s ✐♥ ❛ ♣r❡❝✐s❡ ♠❛♥♥❡r ❞✐✛❡r❡♥t✐❛t✐♥❣ ❜❡t✇❡❡♥ s✐♥❣❧❡✱ ❞✉❛❧✱
❛♥❞ ♣❧✉r❛❧ ❢♦r♠s❀ s♦✱ t♦ ❛✈♦✐❞ ❝♦♥❢✉s✐♦♥✱ ❛r❝❤❛✐❝ ❢♦r♠s ♦❢ ❊♥❣❧✐s❤
♣r♦♥♦✉♥s ✏t❤♦✉✑✱ ✏t❤②✑✱ ✏t❤❡❡✑ ❛r❡ ✉s❡❞ ❢♦r r❡❢❡r❡♥❝❡s t♦ ❛ s✐♥❣❧❡
♣❡rs♦♥ ✐♥st❡❛❞ ♦❢ ✏②♦✉✑✱ ✏②♦✉r✑✱ ✉s✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❧❛tt❡r ♦♥❧② ❢♦r ❞✉❛❧ ❛♥❞
♣❧✉r❛❧ ❝❛s❡s✳ ❊♥❣❧✐s❤ ♣r♦♥♦✉♥ ✏②❡✑ ✐s s♦♠❡t✐♠❡s ✉s❡❞ ❢♦r ♣❧✉r❛❧
♦❢ ✷♥❞ ♣❡rs♦♥ ❝❛s❡✳ ❲♦r❞s ✐♥ ❬ ❪ ❤❛✈❡ ♥♦ ❞✐r❡❝t ❝♦rr❡s♣♦♥❞❡♥❝❡
t♦ t❤❡ ❙❛♥s❦r✐t ♦r✐❣✐♥❛❧ ❜✉t ❛r❡ ✐♥tr♦❞✉❝❡❞ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ s②♥t❛①
❛♥❞✴♦r ❝♦♥t❡①t❀ ✐♥ s♦♠❡ ❝❛s❡s t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ❢♦r s✉❝❤ ❡♠❡♥❞❛t✐♦♥ ✐s t❤❡
s❛♠❡ ♣❤r❛s❡✴❝♦♥t❡①t ✐♥ ♦t❤❡r ❤②♠♥s ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ✇♦r❞✴♣❤r❛s❡ ❡①♣❧✐❝✲
✐t❧② ♣r❡s❡♥t✳ ■♥ ♠❛♥② ❝❛s❡s✱ ♣r♦♣❡r ❊♥❣❧✐s❤ r❡q✉✐r❡s ❛rt✐❝❧❡s ❛ ❛♥❞
t❤❡ t♦ s♣❡❝✐❢② ♥♦✉♥s✱ ❜✉t ❘✐❣✈❡❞❛✱ ✇✐t❤ r❛r❡ ❡①❝❡♣t✐♦♥s✱ ❤❛s ♥♦
s✉❝❤ ❛rt✐❝❧❡s✱ ❛♥❞ t❤❡r❡❢♦r❡✱ t❤❡✐r ♣r❡s❡♥❝❡ ✐♥ tr❛♥s❧❛t✐♦♥s ✐s ❛❧✇❛②s
❛ r❡s✉❧t ♦❢ ❝♦♥❥❡❝t✉r❡s✳
❋♦❧❧♦✇✐♥❣ ❱✳◆❛❜♦❦♦✈✬s ♠❛①✐♠✱ ✏❚❤❡ ❝❧✉♠s✐❡st ❧✐t❡r❛❧ tr❛♥s✲
❧❛t✐♦♥ ✐s ❛ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞ t✐♠❡s ♠♦r❡ ✉s❡❢✉❧ t❤❛♥ t❤❡ ♣r❡tt✐❡st ♣❛r❛✲
✷
♣❤r❛s❡✳✑ ✱ t❤♦✉❣❤ ❧✐t❡r❛❧ tr❛♥s❧❛t✐♦♥ ✇♦✉❧❞ ❜❡ ✉s❡❧❡ss ✐♥ t❤✐s ❝❛s❡✱ ■
❤❛✈❡ ❝❤♦s❡♥ t♦ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡ ♣♦❡t✐❝ ❜❡❛✉t② ♦❢ t❤❡ ♦r✐❣✐♥❛❧ t♦ ♣r❡s❡♥t✐♥❣
t❤❡ ♠❡❛♥✐♥❣ ❛s ❝❧❡❛r❧② ❛s ■ ✇❛s ❛❜❧❡ t♦ ❣r❛s♣ ✐t✳

❲❤❛t ✐s ♥♦t ✐♥ t❤✐s tr❛♥s❧❛t✐♦♥

❊①❛❝t ♠❡❛♥✐♥❣ ♦❢ ✇♦r❞s ❛♥❞ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s t❤❛t ❧❛❝❦ s✉✣❝✐❡♥t ❝♦♥t❡①t
t♦ ❜❡ ✉♥❞❡rst♦♦❞ ❡✐t❤❡r ✐♥ ❣❡♥❡r❛❧ ♦r ✐♥ ♥✉❛♥❝❡ ✖ t❤❡r❡ ❛r❡ ♠❛♥②
s✉❝❤ ✇♦r❞s ❛♥❞ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s✳

❊①❛❝t ♠❡❛♥✐♥❣ ♦❢ ✇♦r❞s t❤❛t ❤❛✈❡ ♥♦ ❡q✉✐✈❛❧❡♥t ✐♥ ❊♥❣❧✐s❤✳ ■♥

❛❞❞✐t✐♦♥ t♦ ✏❝♦❞❡✑ ✇♦r❞s ❧✐❦❡ go ✇❤✐❝❤ ❝❛♥ ❜❡ s✉♣♣❧✐❡❞ ✇✐t❤ ❡①❛❝t
❡q✉✐✈❛❧❡♥ts✱ t❤❡r❡ ❛r❡ ✇♦r❞s ❧✐❦❡ ✈❡r❜ jus.✳ ■t ✐s tr❛♥s❧❛t❡❞ ❛s ✏t♦
❡♥❥♦②✑✱ ✏t♦ ❢r❡q✉❡♥t✑✱ ✏t♦ ❜❡ ♣❧❡❛s❡❞✑✱ ✏t♦ ❜❡ ❢❛✈♦✉r❛❜❧❡ t♦✑ ❜✉t
♠❡❛♥s s♦♠❡t❤✐♥❣ ❝❧♦s❡ t♦ t❤❛t ✇❤✐❝❤ s❤❛r❡s ♦❢ ❛❧❧ t❤❡s❡ tr❛♥s❧❛t✐♦♥s✱
❛♥❞ t❤❛t s♦♠❡t❤✐♥❣ ❝❛♥ ❜❡ ❛♣♣r♦①✐♠❛t❡❞ ❜② t❤❡ ♣❤r❛s❡ ✏t♦ ❛❧❧♦✇
s♦♠❡t❤✐♥❣ t♦ ❧✐♥❣❡r ✐♥ ♦♥❡✬s ♠✐♥❞✑✳

❚❤❡ s♦✉♥❞ ♦❢ t❤❡ ♦r✐❣✐♥❛❧❀ t❤❡ ❤②♠♥s ✇❡r❡ ♠❡❛♥t t♦ ❧✐t❡r❛❧❧② r❡✈❡r✲
❜❡r❛t❡ t❤r♦✉❣❤♦✉t ♦♥❡✬s ❜♦❞② ❛♥❞ ♠♦❞✉❧❛t❡ ♦♥❡✬s ❜r❡❛t❤✐♥❣✳ ❚❤❡
✶ ♠❡tr✐❝ ❧✐♥❡ ✐♥ ❙❛♥s❦r✐t ♣♦❡tr②
✷ Pr♦❜❧❡♠s ♦❢ tr❛♥s❧❛t✐♦♥ ✭✶✾✺✺✮✳ ❱✳◆❛❜♦❦♦✈
 ✶✼✸

❡①❛❝t s♦✉♥❞✐♥❣ ♦❢ ❡❛❝❤ ❧✐♥❡ ✇❛s t❤♦✉❣❤t t♦ ❜❡ s♦ ✐♠♣♦rt❛♥t t❤❛t

t❤❡ ♣✐t❝❤ ❛♥❞ ❞✉r❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❡❛❝❤ s②❧❧❛❜❧❡✱ st♦♣s ❜❡t✇❡❡♥ ♣❤r❛s❡s✱ ❛♥❞
♦t❤❡r ❛s♣❡❝ts ♦❢ ❛rt✐❝✉❧❛t✐♦♥ ✇❡r❡ ❢♦r t❤♦✉s❛♥❞s ♦❢ ②❡❛rs ❛♥❞ ❛r❡
❜❡✐♥❣ ♥♦✇❛❞❛②s ♣r❡s❡r✈❡❞ ❜② t❤❡ tr❛❞✐t✐♦♥✳

▼❡t❡r ❛♥❞ r❤②t❤♠ ♦❢ r❡❝✐t❛t✐♦♥✳ ●✐✈❡♥ t❤❡ ✈❛r✐❡t② ♦❢ ♠❡t❡rs ♦❢ t❤❡

❤②♠♥s ♦❢ ❘✐❣✈❡❞❛ ✖ s❡✈❡♥ ♠❛✐♥ ♠❡t❡rs ❛♥❞ ♠❛♥② ✏♠✐♥♦r✑ ♦♥❡s ✖
✐t s❡❡♠s ❧✐❦❡❧② t❤❛t t❤❡ ♠❡t❡r ❛♥❞ r❤②t❤♠ ♦❢ ❛❝t✉❛❧ r❡❝✐t❛t✐♦♥ ✇❡r❡
✐♠♣♦rt❛♥t ❝♦♠♣♦♥❡♥ts ♦❢ ❤②♠♥ ❡✣❝✐❡♥❝② ✐♥ ✐♥❞✉❝✐♥❣ ❝❤❛♥❣❡s ✐♥
♦♥❡✬s ❜♦❞② ❛♥❞ ♠✐♥❞✳

❲♦r❞♣❧❛②✱ ♣✉♥s✱ ❛❧❧✉s✐♦♥s ❛♥❞ ❡❝❤♦✐♥❣ ♦❢ s✐♠✐❧❛r❧② s♦✉♥❞✐♥❣ ✇♦r❞s✳

■♥t❡♥t✐♦♥❛❧ ❛♠❜✐❣✉✐t✐❡s ✐♥ ♠❡❛♥✐♥❣ ❛♥❞ s❡♥t❡♥❝❡ str✉❝t✉r❡ t❤❛t
♠❛❦❡ t❤❡ ♠✐♥❞ t♦ s❧♦✇ ❞♦✇♥ ❛♥❞ ♣♦♥❞❡r t❤❡ ♠❡❛♥✐♥❣✳

❚❤❛t ✐♠♣❛❝t ♦❢ ❛ ♣♦❡t✐❝ ❧✐♥❡ t❤❛t ✐s ❞✉❡ t♦ ✐t ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❝♦♠♣❧❡① ♠❡❛♥✲

✐♥❣ str✉❝t✉r❡ ②❡t ❜❡✐♥❣ ❝♦♥❝✐s❡✳

✖✖
✸
❚❤❡r❡ ❛r❡ ♠❛♥② ♠②t❤s ❛♥❞ ❧❡❣❡♥❞s ✱ r❡♣❡❛t❡❞ ✐♥ ✈❛r✐♦✉s tr❛♥s✲
❧❛t✐♦♥s ❛♥❞ ❝♦♠♠❡♥t❛r✐❡s✱ t❤❛t s❡❡♠ t♦ ❜❡ ♥♦t❤✐♥❣ ♠♦r❡ t❤❛♥
✇❤✐♠s✐❝❛❧ ✐♥✈❡♥t✐♦♥s ✐♠♣✉t❡❞ ✐♥t♦ ❘✐❣✈❡❞❛ ❜② ❧❛t❡r ❛✉t❤♦rs✱ ❛♥✲
❝✐❡♥t ❛♥❞ ♠♦❞❡r♥ ❛❧✐❦❡✳ ■ tr✐❡❞ t♦ ❛✈♦✐❞ ♠✐①✐♥❣ s✉❝❤ st♦r✐❡s ✐♥t♦
t❤✐s tr❛♥s❧❛t✐♦♥ ✖ ❘✐❣✈❡❞❛ ✐s ✈♦❧✉♠♥♦✉s ❡♥♦✉❣❤ ❛♥❞ ♠❡❛♥✐♥❣✲r✐❝❤
❡♥♦✉❣❤ s♦ t❤❛t ✐t ❝❛♥ ❜❡ ❛♥❞ s❤♦✉❧❞ ❜❡ ✐♥t❡r♣r❡t❡❞ ♦♥ ✐ts ♦✇♥✳
✖✖

✸ ❢♦r ❡①❛♠♣❧❡✱ t❤❡ ❛♥✐♠♦s✐t② ❜❡t✇❡❡♥ t✇♦ ♣♦❡ts Viśvāmitra ❛♥❞ Vasistha✱
♦r ❜❡t✇❡❡♥ deva✲s ❛♥❞ asura✲s ✖ t❤❡r❡ ❛r❡ ♥♦ ✐♥❞✐❝❛t✐♦♥s ♦❢ ❡✐t❤❡r ✐♥. .t❤❡
❘✐❣✈❡❞❛ ♣❡r s❡
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✳✹

Madhuchandas Vaiśvāmitra | Gāyatrı̄ | t♦ Indra

surūpakr.tnúmūtáye sudúghāmiva godúhe |

juhūmási dyávidyavi || 1 ||

úpa nah. sávanā´ gahi sómasya somapāh. piba |

godā´ ı́dreváto mádah. || 2 ||

áthā te ántamānām. vidyā´ma sumatı̄nā´m |

mā´ no áti khya ā´ gahi || 3 ||

párehi vı́gramástr.tamı́ndram. pr.chā vipaścı́tam |

yáste sákhibhya ā´ váram || 4 ||

utá bruvantu no nı́do nı́ranyátaścidārata |

dádhānā ı́ndra ı́ddúvah. || 5 ||

. arı́rvocéyurdasma kr..s.táyah. |
utá nah. subhágām̃
syā´médı́ndrasya śárman.i || 6 ||

. nr.mā´danam |
émāśúmāśáve bhara yajñaśrı́yam
patayánmandayátsakham || 7 ||

asyá pı̄tvā´ śatakrato ghanó vr.trā´n.āmabhavah. |

prā´vo vā´jes.u vājı́nam || 8 ||

. tvā vā´jes.u vājı́nam

tám . vājáyāmah. śatakrato |
dhánānāmindra sātáye || 9 ||

yó rāyò ′vánirmahā´nsupāráh. sunvatáh. sákhā |

tásmā ı́ndrāya gāyata || 10 ||
 ✶✼✺

✶✳ ✏❉❛②✲✐♥✲❞❛②✲♦✉t ✇❡ ❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥ ❤✐♠✱

✇❤♦ ✐s ❡✛❡❝t✐✈❡ ❛t ♠❛❦✐♥❣ ✇❡❧❧❢♦r♠❡❞ ❬st❛t❡s ♦❢ ♠✐♥❞❪✱ t♦ ❤❡❧♣
❧✐❦❡ ②✐❡❧❞✐♥❣✲♠✉❝❤✲♠✐❧❦ ❬❝♦✇❪ ❬✐s ❝❛❧❧❡❞❪ t♦ ❛ ♠✐❧❦♠❛♥✳
✷✳ ❈♦♠❡ t♦ ♦✉r ♣r❡ss✐♥❣s✱
❞r✐♥❦ Soma✱ ❖ Soma✲❞r✐♥❦❡r✦
❊①❤✐❧❛r❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❛ ✇❡❛❧t❤② ❬♣❛tr♦♥❪ ✐s ❥✉st t❤❛t ♦❢ ❣✐✈✐♥❣ ❝♦✇s✳
✸✳ ◆♦✇✱ ❧❡t ✉s ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❛❝q✉❛✐♥t❡❞
✇✐t❤ t❤② ✐♥♥❡r♠♦st ❢❛✈♦✉r❛❜❧❡ ❞✐s♣♦s✐t✐♦♥s✦
❉♦ ♥♦t ♦✈❡r❧♦♦❦ ✉s✱ ❝♦♠❡ ❤❡r❡✦✑
✖✖
✹✳ ●♦ ❛✇❛②✦
✶ ❆s❦ ❬❛❜♦✉t t❤❛t❪ ♥♦♥✲❞✐str❛❝t❡❞
❝❛♣❛❜❧❡✲♦❢✲r❛♣✐❞✲♠♦✈❡s ♣✐❧✐♥❣ ✉♣ ♣✉❧s❛t✐♦♥s
✏ Indra✑ ✇❤♦ ❬✐s✱❪ ♣r❡❢❡r❛❜❧②✱ ❛♠♦♥❣ t❤② ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s✳
✺✳ ❆♥❞ ❧❡t t❤❡♠ s♣❡❛❦ t♦ ✉s ♦❢ ✐♠♣♦s❡❞ ❝♦♥str❛✐♥ts ✖
❡✈❡♥ ❢r♦♠ ❛♥♦t❤❡r ♠♦t✐✈❡✱ ②❡
✷ ❤❛✈❡ r✐s❡♥ ♦✉t ❬♦❢ t❤❡♠❪
❬t❤✉s❪ ♦❜t❛✐♥✐♥❣ ❛ ❣❡st✉r❡ ♦❢ ❝♦♠♠✐t♠❡♥t t♦ Indra✳
✻✳ ❆♥❞ ❬❧❡t❪ t❤❡ t❡♥❞✐♥❣ ✉♣✇❛r❞s ♦♥❡
✸ ❬❜r✐♥❣ t♦❪ ✉s ❣♦♦❞ ❢♦rt✉♥❡s✳
❖ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❧✐s❤✐♥❣ ✇♦♥❞❡r❢✉❧ ❞❡❡❞s ♦♥❡✱ t❤❡ tr✐❜❡s ♠✐❣❤t s❛②✱
✏▼✐❣❤t ✇❡ ❜❡ ✐♥ t❤❡ r❡❢✉❣❡ ♦❢ Indra✦✑
✖✖
✼✳ ❇r✐♥❣ ❤❡r❡ s✇✐❢t ♦♥❡
✹ ❢♦r s✇✐❢t ♦♥❡✺ ✦
❬❇r✐♥❣❪ ❛✉s♣✐❝✐♦✉s✲❢♦r✲❛✲s❛❝r✐✜❝❡✱ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t✐♥❣✲t♦✲♠❡♥ ♦♥❡ ✦
✻
❍❡ s❤❛❧❧ ✢② t♦ ❬❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ✐s❪ ♠❛❦✐♥❣ ❬❤✐s❪ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t❡❞✳
✽✳ ❉r✐♥❦✐♥❣ ✐t✱ ❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ✇✐❧❡s ♦♥❡✱
t❤♦✉ ❜❡❝❛♠❡ t❤❡ ❞❡str♦②❡r ♦❢ ♦❜st❛❝❧❡s ✳
✼
❉✉r✐♥❣ r✉s❤❡s ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r t❤♦✉ ❢❛✈♦✉r❡❞ ❤✐♠
✇❤♦ ✐s ❝❛♣❛❜❧❡ ♦❢ r✉s❤❡s ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✳
✾✳ ❙✉❝❤ t❤❡❡✱ ❝❛♣❛❜❧❡ ♦❢ ❛ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r ❞✉r✐♥❣ r✉s❤❡s ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱
✇❡ ♠❛❦❡ ✈✐❣♦r♦✉s✱ ❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❛ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ✇✐❧❡s ♦♥❡✱
t♦ ❣❛✐♥ t❤❡ ♣r✐③❡s✱ ❖ Indra✦
✖✖
✶✵✳ ❲❤♦ ✐s ❛ str❡❛♠ ♦❢ tr❡❛s✉r❡ ✖ ♠✐❣❤t②✱ ❣✐✈✐♥❣ ❛♥ ❡❛s② ♣❛ss❛❣❡✱
❛ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ♣r❡ss❡s Soma ✖
t♦ ❤✐♠✱ t♦ Indra✱ ②❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❝❤❛♥t✦
✽

✶ ♣r♦❜✳ ❛❞❞r❡ss✐♥❣ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣✲♣r♦t❡❝t✐♦♥ ❣r♦✉♣ t❤❛t s♣♦❦❡ ✶✕✸

✷ ❛❞❞r❡ss✐♥❣ ❛♥♦t❤❡r ❣r♦✉♣ t❤❛t ❞❡❝✐❞❡s t♦ ❛tt❛✐♥ Indra ♦♥ ✐ts ♦✇♥
✸ ✐♥♥❡r Soma
✹ Soma
✺ Indra
✻ Soma
✼ vrtra✲s
.
✽ t❤✐s st❛♥③❛ ✐s t❤❡ s❛♠❡ ❛s ✽✳✸✷✳✶✸
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✳✺

Madhuchandas Vaiśvāmitra | Gāyatrı̄ | t♦ Indra

ā´ tvétā nı́ .sı̄daténdramabhı́ prá gāyata |

sákhāya stómavāhasah. || 1 ||

purūtámam . purūn.ā´m´ı̄śānam . vā´ryān.ām |

ı́ndram
. sóme sácā suté || 2 ||

sá ghā no yóga ā´ bhuvatsá rāyé sá púram

. dhyām |
gámadvā´jebhirā´ sá nah. || 3 ||

yásya sam . sthé ná vr.n.váte hárı̄ samátsu śátravah. |

tásmā ı́ndrāya gāyata || 4 ||

sutapā´vne sutā´ imé śúcayo yanti vı̄táye |

sómāso dádhyāśirah. || 5 ||

. sutásya pı̄táye sadyó vr.ddhó ajāyathāh. |

tvám
ı́ndra jyáıs..thyāya sukrato || 6 ||

ā´ tvā viśantvāśávah. sómāsa indra girvan.ah. |

śám. te santu prácetase || 7 ||

tvā´m
. stómā avı̄vr.dhantvā´mukthā´ śatakrato |
tvā´m
. vardhantu no gı́rah. || 8 ||

. vā´jamı́ndrah. sahasrı́n.am |
áks.itotih. sanedimám
´ . syā || 9 ||
yásminvı́śvāni paum

mā´ no mártā abhı́ druhantanū´nāmindra girvan.ah. |

´ı̄śāno yavayā vadhám || 10 ||
 ✶✼✼

✶✳ ❍❡r❡ ♥♦✇✱ ❝♦♠❡ ②❡ ❤❡r❡✱ s✐t ❞♦✇♥✦

❨❡ s❤❛❧❧ st❛rt ❝❤❛♥t✐♥❣ t♦ Indra✱
❖ ❝♦♥✈❡②✐♥❣ ❬❤✐♠❪ ✇✐t❤ ❛ ❤②♠♥ ♦❢ ♣r❛✐s❡ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s✱
✷✳ ❬t♦❪ t❤❡ ❜❡st✲❛♠♦♥❣✲♠❛♥② ♦❢ ♠❛♥② ❬deva✲s❪✱
❬t♦❪ ❜❡✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❝❤❛r❣❡ ♦❢ t♦✲❜❡✲❝❤♦s❡♥ ♦♥❡s✱
❬t♦❪ Indra ✖ ✐♥ t❤❡ ♣r❡s❡♥❝❡ ♦❢ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ Soma✳
✸✳ ❍❡ s✉r❡❧② s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡ t❤❡r❡ ❢♦r ✉s ✇❤❡♥ ❬✇❡ ❛r❡❪ ❡♥❣❛❣❡❞ ❬✐♥ ❛ ✇❛r❪
❤❡ ❬s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡ t❤❡r❡❪ ❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡✱
❤❡ ❬s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡ t❤❡r❡❪ ❞✉r✐♥❣ ❜❡❛r✐♥❣ ❢✉❧❧♥❡ss ❬✈✐s✐♦♥❪✶
❤❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❝♦♠❡ ✇✐t❤ r✉s❤❡s ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r ✕ ❢♦r ♦✉r s❛❦❡✳
✹✳ ■♥ ✇❤♦s❡ ♣r❡s❡♥❝❡ ❡♥❡♠✐❡s ❞♦ ♥♦t r❡❧②✷
♦♥ t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s ❢♦r ❝❧❛s❤❡s ✖
t♦ t❤❛t Indra ②❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❝❤❛♥t✳
✺✳ ❋♦r t❤❡ ❞r✐♥❦❡r ♦❢ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❬Soma❪ t♦ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❛r♦✉s❡❞✱
t❤❡s❡ ❣❧❡❛♠✐♥❣ ♠✐①❡❞✲✇✐t❤✲❝♦❛❣✉❧❛t❡❞✲♠✐❧❦
❞r♦♣s ♦❢ Soma ❞♦ ✢♦✇✳
✖✖
✻✳ ❚❤♦✉ ✖ t♦ ❞r✐♥❦ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❬Soma❪ ✖
❜❡❝❛♠❡ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❡❞ str♦♥❣❡r ❛t ♦♥❝❡
❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ ♣r❡❡♠✐♥❡♥❝❡✱ ❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❣♦♦❞ ❞❡s✐❣♥s Indra✦
✼✳ ▲❡t q✉✐❝❦ Soma ❞r♦♣s
❡♥t❡r t❤❡❡✱ ❖ ❧♦♥❣✐♥❣ ❢♦r ❛ ❝❤❛♥t Indra✦
▲❡t t❤❡♠ ❜❡ ❛✉s♣✐❝✐♦✉s ❢♦r t❤❡❡ ❬✇❤♦ ✐s❪ ❢♦r❡s✐❣❤t❡❞✦
✽✳ ❍②♠♥s ♦❢ ♣r❛✐s❡ ❤❛✈❡ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥❡❞ t❤❡❡✱
t❤❡ ✈❡rs❡s ❬❤❛✈❡ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥❡❞❪ t❤❡❡✱
❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❛ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ✇✐❧❡s ♦♥❡✱
▲❡t ♦✉r ❝❤❛♥ts str❡♥❣t❤❡♥ t❤❡❡✦
✾✳ ❍❡✱ ✐♥ ✇❤♦♠ ❛❧❧ ♠❛♥❧② ❞❡❡❞s ❛r❡✱
❬✇❤♦s❡❪ s✐❞❡✲❡✛❡❝ts ❞♦ ♥♦t t❛♣❡r ♦✛ ✖ Indra ✖
❝❛♥ ♣r♦❝✉r❡ t❤✐s ❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞ ❬❡✛❡❝ts❪ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✳
✶✵✳ ▼❛② ♥♦t ♠♦rt❛❧s ♠❛❧✐❝✐♦✉s❧② ❛ss❛✐❧ ✉s✦
❇❡✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❝❤❛r❣❡ ♦❢ ❬♦✉r❪ ❜♦❞✐❡s✱ ❖ ❧♦♥❣✐♥❣ ❢♦r ❛ ❝❤❛♥t Indra✱
❞♦ ✇❛r❞ ♦✛ t❤❡ ❞❡❛❞❧② ✇❡❛♣♦♥✦

✶ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✽✳✾✷✳✶✺

✷ ❧✐t✳ ✏❝❤♦♦s❡ ❢♦r t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s✑
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✳✻

Madhuchandas Vaiśvāmitra | Gāyatrı̄ | t♦ Indra

yuñjánti bradhnámarus.ám . pári tasthús.ah. |

. cárantam
rócante rocanā´ divı́ || 1 ||

yuñjántyasya kā´myā hárı̄ vı́paks.asā ráthe |

śón.ā dhr..sn.ū´ nr.vā´hasā || 2 ||

. kr.n.vánnaketáve péśo maryā apeśáse |

ketúm
sámus.ádbhirajāyathāh. || 3 ||

ā´dáha svadhā´mánu púnargarbhatvámeriré |

dádhānā nā´ma yajñı́yam || 4 ||

vı̄..dú cidārujatnúbhirgúhā cidindra váhnibhih. |

ávinda usrı́yā ánu || 5 ||

. gı́rah. |
devayánto yáthā matı́máchā vidádvasum
mahā´manūs.ata śrutám || 6 ||

ı́ndren.a sám . jagmānó ábibhyus.ā |

. hı́ dŕ.ks.ase sam
mandū´ samānávarcasā || 7 ||

anavadyáırabhı́dyubhirmakháh. sáhasvadarcati |
gan.áırı́ndrasya kā´myaih. || 8 ||

átah. parijmannā´ gahi divó vā rocanā´dádhi |

sámasminnr.ñjate gı́rah. || 9 ||

itó vā sātı́m´ı̄mahe divó vā pā´rthivādádhi |

ı́ndram . mahó vā rájasah. || 10 ||
 ✶✼✾

✶✳ ❚❤❡② ②♦❦❡ r❡❞❞❡♥✐♥❣ t❡♠♣❡r❡❞ ♦♥❡ ✶

❬t❤❛t ✐s❪ r♦❛♠✐♥❣ ❛❜♦✉t t❤♦s❡ t❤❛t ❤❛✈❡ s✉rr♦✉♥❞❡❞ ✐t✳
✷
▲✉♠✐♥♦✉s s♣❤❡r❡s ✐♥ t❤❡ s❦② ❜r✐❣❤t❡♥✳
✷✳ ❚❤❡② ②♦❦❡ ❤✐s t✇♦ ❛♠✐❛❜❧❡ s♣r❡❛❞✐♥❣✲♦♥❡✬s✲✇✐♥❣s
t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s t♦ t❤❡ ❝❤❛r✐♦t ✖
t❤❡ t✇♦ r❡❞❞✐s❤ ❞❛r✐♥❣ ❝♦♥✈❡②✐♥❣✲t❤❡✲♠❛♥ ♦♥❡s✳
✸✳ ❈r❡❛t✐♥❣ ❢♦❝❛❧✲♣♦✐♥t ❢♦r ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ❧❛❝❦s ❛ ❢♦❝❛❧✲♣♦✐♥t✱
❛❞♦r♥♠❡♥t ❬✇✐t❤ t❤❡ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r❪ ❢♦r ❤✐♠ ✖
✸
❖ r❡❝r✉✐ts✱ ✇❤♦ ❧❛❝❦s ❬s✉❝❤❪ ❛❞♦r♥♠❡♥t✱
t❤♦✉ ❜❡❝❛♠❡ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❡❞ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ❞❛✇♥s✳
✹✳ ❚❤❡♥ t❤❡② ♦♥ t❤❡✐r ♦✇♥ ❛❝❝♦r❞
❤❛✈❡ ❝❛st ❬❤✐♠❪ ❜❛❝❦ t♦ ❜❡✐♥❣ ❛♥ ❡♠❜r②♦✱
❬t❤✉s❪ ♦❜t❛✐♥✐♥❣ ❬✐♥ ❤✐♠❪ ✇♦rt❤②✲♦❢✲❛✲s❛❝r✐✜❝❡ ❝❤❛r❛❝t❡r✐st✐❝✳
✺✳ ❇② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❣♦♦❞✲❛t✲❜r❡❛❦✐♥❣✲✉♣ ❬❞r♦♣s ♦❢ ✐♥♥❡r Soma❪
t❤♦✉ ❢♦✉♥❞✱ ❢♦❧❧♦✇✐♥❣ ❛♣♣❡❛r✐♥❣ ❛t ❞❛✇♥ ❬✇❛t❡rs❪✱
❡✈❡♥ t❤❡ str♦♥❣ ❬♦♥❡ ❪✱
✹
❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❝❛rr✐❡rs ❬t❤♦✉ ❢♦✉♥❞❪ ❡✈❡♥ ❤✐❞❞❡♥ ♦♥❡s✳
✺
✻✳ ❆s t❤♦s❡ ♠❛❦✐♥❣✲❛♥✲❛♣♣❡❛❧✲t♦✲t❤❡✲deva ❬✜♥❞ t❤❡✐r ✇❛②❪
t♦ ❛ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❣❡st✉r❡✱ t❤❡ ❝❤❛♥ts ✜♥❞ t❤❡✐r ✇❛②
t♦✇❛r❞s ✜♥❞✐♥❣✲✇❤❛t✬s✲❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧ ♠✐❣❤t② ❢❛♠❡❞ ♦♥❡✳
✼✳ ❇❡❝❛✉s❡ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ Indra t❤♦✉ ✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❝♦♠❡ ✐♥t♦ ❝♦♥t❛❝t
✻
✇✐t❤ ❬s♦♠❡♦♥❡ ✇❤♦❪ ❤❛s✲❜❡❝♦♠❡✲❢❡❛r❧❡ss✱ ✇♦✉❧❞ s❡❡ t❤❡ t✇♦✱
❤❛✈✐♥❣ s✐♠✐❧❛r ✈✐t❛❧ ♣♦✇❡r✱ ❬❛s❪ ❝♦♥❞✉❝✐✈❡ t♦ ❥♦②✱
✽✳ ❬t❤②❪ ♣♦ss❡ss✐♥❣ ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ str❡♥❣t❤ ✜❣❤t✐♥❣ s♣✐r✐t ❬✇✐❧❧❪ s❤✐♥❡
t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ❢❛✉❧t❧❡ss ❞✐r❡❝t❡❞ t♦✇❛r❞s t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥
❛♠✐❛❜❧❡ tr♦♦♣s ♦❢ Indra✳
✼
✾✳ ❋r♦♠ t❤❡r❡ ♦r ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ❧✉♠✐♥♦✉s s♣❤❡r❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥✱
✽
❝♦♠❡ ❤❡r❡✱ ❖ ♠♦✈✐♥❣ ❛r♦✉♥❞ ♦♥❡✦
❚❤❡ ❝❤❛♥ts ❛rr❛♥❣❡ t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s ✐♥ t❤✐s ♦♥❡✳
✶✵✳ ❲❡ ❛s❦ Indra ❢♦r ❛ ❣❛✐♥
❡✐t❤❡r ❢r♦♠ ❤❡r❡✱ ♦r ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥✱ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ❡❛rt❤❧② r❡❣✐♦♥
♦r ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ✈❛st ❛✐r② r❡❛❧♠✳

✶ ✐♥✐t✐❛❧ ✢❛♠❡ ♦❢ ✜r❡

✷ ❦✐♥❞❧✐♥❣
✸ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✷✳✸✹✳✻❞
✹ Vrtra
.
✺ ❞r♦♣s ♦❢ Soma ❥✉✐❝❡
✻ ❛s♣✐r✐♥❣ t♦ Indra ♥♦✈✐❝❡
✼ ♣r♦❜✳ Marut✲s
✽ ❂❢r♦♠ t❤❡ tr♦♦♣ ♦❢ Marut✲s
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✳✼

Madhuchandas Vaiśvāmitra | Gāyatrı̄ | t♦ Indra

ı́ndramı́dgāthı́no br.hádı́ndramarkébhirarkı́n.ah. |
. vā´n.ı̄ranūs.ata || 1 ||
ı́ndram

ı́ndra ı́ddháryoh. sácā sámmiśla ā´ vacoyújā |

ı́ndro vajr´ı̄ hiran.yáyah. || 2 ||

ı́ndro dı̄rghā´ya cáks.asa ā´ sū´ryam

. rohayaddivı́ |
vı́ góbhirádrimairayat || 3 ||

ı́ndra vā´jes.u no ′va sahásrapradhanes.u ca |

ugrá ugrā´bhirūtı́bhih. || 4 ||

ı́ndram. vayám . mahādhaná ı́ndramárbhe havāmahe |

yújam. . . vajrı́n.am || 5 ||
vr trés u

sá no vr..sannamúm . sátrādāvannápā vr.dhi |

. carúm
asmábhyamápratis.kutah. || 6 ||

tuñjétuñje yá úttare stómā ı́ndrasya vajrı́n.ah. |

ná vindhe asya sus..tutı́m || 7 ||

. sagah. kr..s.t´ı̄riyartyójasā |
vŕ..sā yūthéva vám
´ı̄śāno ápratis.kutah. || 8 ||

yá ékaścars.an.ı̄nā´m
. vásūnāmirajyáti |
ı́ndrah. páñca ks.itı̄nā´m || 9 ||

. vo viśvátaspári hávāmahe jánebhyah. |

ı́ndram
asmā´kamastu kévalah. || 10 ||
 ✶✽✶

✶✳ ❚❤♦s❡✱ ❢❛r ❛♥❞ ✇✐❞❡✱ ❢❛♠✐❧✐❛r ✇✐t❤ s♦♥❣s

❬❢♦✉♥❞ t❤❡✐r ✇❛②❪ ❥✉st t♦ Indra✱
t❤♦s❡ ❢❛♠✐❧✐❛r ✇✐t❤ ❤②♠♥s ♦❢ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t✐♦♥ ✖
✇✐t❤ ✇✐t❤ ❤②♠♥s ♦❢ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t✐♦♥ ❬❢♦✉♥❞ t❤❡✐r ✇❛②❪ t♦ Indra✱
♠❡❧♦❞✐❡s ❢♦✉♥❞ t❤❡✐r ✇❛② t♦ Indra✳
✷✳ ■♥ t❤❡ ♣r❡s❡♥❝❡ ♦❢ t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s ♦♥❧② Indra
❬✐s❪ ❡♥❞♦✇❡❞ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ t✇♦ t❤❛t ❛r❡ ②♦❦❡❞ ❜② ❛♥ ✉tt❡r❛♥❝❡✳
Indra ❬✐s❪ ❡♥❝❤❛♥t✐♥❣ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲✇✐❡❧❞❡r✳
✸✳ Indra ♠❛❞❡ t❤❡ s✉♥ t♦ r✐s❡ ✐♥ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ✶
t♦ ♦❜s❡r✈❡ ❬✐t❪ ❛t ❧❡♥❣t❤✳
❇② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s ❤❡ ❞❡✲❡♥❡r❣✐③❡❞ t❤❡ r♦❝❦✳
✹✳ ❖ Indra✱ ❞♦ ❞r✐✈❡ ✉s ✐♥t♦ r✉s❤❡s ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r
❛♥❞ ✐♥t♦ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞✲❢♦❧❞ ♣r✐③❡s ❬♦❢ ✈✐❝t♦r②❪✱
❬t❤♦✉✱❪ ❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s ❜❡❝❛✉s❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ s✐❞❡✲❡✛❡❝ts✦
✺✳ ❲❡ ❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥ Indra
✐♥ ❣r❡❛t ❝♦♥t❡st✱ ✐♥ s♠❛❧❧ ♦♥❡ ✖
❤❛r♥❡ss❡❞ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲✇✐❡❧❞❡r ❬✇❡ ❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥❪ ♠✐❞st ♦❜st❛❝❧❡s✳
✻✳ ❙✉❝❤ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ ♦✉r ❜✉❧❧✱ ✉♥❝♦✈❡r ❢♦r ✉s✱
❖ ❛❧✇❛②s ❣r❛♥t✐♥❣ ♦♥❡✱ t❤❛t ♣♦t✱
t❤♦✉✱ ❜❡✐♥❣ ✉♥r❡♣✉❧s❛❜❧❡✦
✼✳ ❲❤✐❝❤ ❛r❡ s✉♣❡r✐♦r ✐♥ ❡✈❡r② ❛ss❛✉❧t ✖
❬t❤♦s❡ ❛r❡❪ ❤②♠♥s ♦❢ ♣r❛✐s❡ ♦❢ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲✇✐❡❧❞❡r Indra✳
■ ❞♦ ♥♦t ❧❛❝❦ ❛ ❝♦rr❡❝t❧② ❛rt✐❝✉❧❛t❡❞ ♣r❛✐s❡ ♦❢ ❤✐♠✳
✽✳ ❚❤❡ ❜✉❧❧ ❢❛❧❧s ✉♣♦♥ tr✐❜❡s
❧✐❦❡ ❛♥ ♦① ✉♣♦♥ ❛ ❤❡r❞ ✖ ✈✐❣♦r♦✉s❧②✱
❬❛s❪ ✉♥r❡♣✉❧s❛❜❧❡ ❜❡✐♥❣✲✐♥✲❝❤❛r❣❡ ♦♥❡✳
✾✳ ❲❤♦ ❛❧♦♥❡ r✉❧❡s ❛❣❛✐♥ ❛♥❞ ❛❣❛✐♥
♦✈❡r t❤♦s❡ t❤❛t ❞r❛✇ t♦ t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s ✱ ♦✈❡r ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧ ❬t❤✐♥❣s❪
✷
❬t❤❛t ✐s❪ Indra ❬✇❤♦ r✉❧❡s❪ ♦✈❡r ✜✈❡ ❝❧❛♥s✳
✶✵✳ ❋♦r ②❡ ❡✈❡r②✇❤❡r❡ ✇❡ s✉♠♠♦♥ Indra
❛✇❛② ❢r♦♠ ❬♦t❤❡r❪ ♣❡♦♣❧❡✳
▼❛② ❤❡ ❜❡ ❡①❝❧✉s✐✈❡❧② ♦✉rs✦

✶ ❍❡ ❝❛✉s❡❞ man.ipūra ❝❛❦r❛ t♦ ❜❡ ❢✉❧❧ ♦❢ ❡♥❡r❣② t♦ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st t♦ t❤❡

♠✐♥❞
✷ t❤❡ s❡♥s❡s
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✳✽

Madhuchandas Vaiśvāmitra | Gāyatrı̄ | t♦ Indra

éndra sānası́m . rayı́m . sadāsáham |

. sajı́tvānam
várs.is..thamūtáye bhara || 1 ||

nı́ yéna mus..tihatyáyā nı́ vr.trā´ run.ádhāmahai |

tvótāso nyárvatā || 2 ||

ı́ndra tvótāsa ā´ vayám . ghanā´ dadı̄mahi |

. vájram
jáyema sám . yudhı́ spŕ.dhah. || 3 ||

vayám. śū´rebhirástr.bhirı́ndra tváyā yujā´ vayám |

sāsahyā´ma pr.tanyatáh. || 4 ||

mahā´m̃
. ı́ndrah. paráśca nú mahitvámastu vajrı́n.e |
dyaurná
´ prathinā´ śávah. || 5 ||

samohé vā yá ā´śata nárastokásya sánitau |

vı́prāso vā dhiyāyávah. || 6 ||

yáh. kuks.ı́h. somapā´tamah. samudrá iva pı́nvate |

urv´ı̄rā´po ná kākúdah. || 7 ||

evā´ hyasya sūnŕ.tā virapś´ı̄ gómatı̄ mah´ı̄ |

pakvā´ śā´khā ná dāśús.e || 8 ||

evā´ hı́ te vı́bhūtaya ūtáya indra mā´vate |

sadyáścitsánti dāśús.e || 9 ||

evā´ hyasya kā´myā stóma ukthám . syā |

. ca śám
ı́ndrāya sómapı̄taye || 10 ||
 ✶✽✸

✶✳ ❖ Indra✱ ✐♥ ♦r❞❡r t♦ ❤❡❧♣✱ ❜r✐♥❣ ❤❡r❡

❧❛❞❡♥ ✇✐t❤ s♣♦✐❧s tr❡❛s✉r❡ ❬t❤❛t ✐s❪ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② ✈✐❝t♦r②✱
❬t❤❛t ✐s❪ ❛❧✇❛②s ♣r❡✈❛✐❧✐♥❣✱ t❤❡ ♠♦st ❡①❝❡❧❧❡♥t✦
✷✳ ❬❚❤❛t tr❡❛s✉r❡❪ ✇✐t❤ ✇❤✐❝❤ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❛ ✜st✲✜❣❤t
✇❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❦❡❡♣ ❞♦✇♥ ♦❜st❛❝❧❡s ❬t♦ ✈✐❝t♦r②❪ ✖
❬✇❡✱❪ ❤❡❧♣❡❞✲❜②✲t❤❡❡✱ ❛♥❞ ❜② t❤❡ ❝♦✉rs❡r ✱ ✶
❬✇❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❦❡❡♣ t❤❡♠❪ ❞♦✇♥✳
✸✳ ❖ Indra✱ ❤❡❧♣❡❞✲❜②✲t❤❡❡✱ ✇❡✱ t❤❡ str✐❦❡✲❢♦r❝❡✱
♠✐❣❤t t❛❦❡ ❤♦❧❞ ♦❢ t❤❡ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✱
✇❡ ♠✐❣❤t s✉❜❞✉❡ ❝♦♠♣❧❡t❡❧② ❬♦✉r❪ ❛❞✈❡rs❛r✐❡s ✐♥ ❝❧❛s❤✳
✹✳ ❲❡ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ❛❣❡♥ts ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱ ✇✐t❤ s❤♦♦t❡rs✱
✇❡✱ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ❤❛r♥❡ss❡❞✲t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Indra✱
✇❡r❡ ❛❜❧❡ t♦ ♦✈❡r♣♦✇❡r t❤♦s❡ ✇❤♦ ❛ss❛✐❧❡❞ ✉s✳
✖✖
✺✳ ▼✐❣❤t② ❬✐s❪ Indra ❛♥❞ ❡①tr❡♠❡✳
▼❛② ♥♦✇ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❡①♣❛♥❞ ❜❡ ❢♦r ❛ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲✇✐❡❧❞❡r
t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡ ✖ ❧✐❦❡ t❤❡ s❦② ✐♥ ❬✐ts❪ ❡①t❡♥s✐♦♥
❬✖ ❧✐♠✐t❧❡ss❪✳
✻✳ ▼❡♥ ✇❤♦ ♦❜t❛✐♥ ✐t ❡✐t❤❡r ✐♥ ❛ ❤♦st✐❧❡ ❡♥❝♦✉♥t❡r✱
❛t ♦❜t❛✐♥♠❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤✐❧❞r❡♥✱ ♦r ❬❜❡✐♥❣❪ ✐♥✇❛r❞❧② ❡①❝✐t❡❞✱
❬❜❡❝♦♠❡❪ s❡❡❦✐♥❣✲✐t✲❜②✲♠❡❛♥s✲♦❢✲✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥✳
✼✳ ❲❤✐❝❤ ❝❛✈✐t② ❬✐s❪ t❤❡ ♠♦st✲❞r✐♥❦✐♥❣ ♦❢ Soma✱
❧✐❦❡ t❤❡ s❡❛ ✐t s✇❡❧❧s✱
✷
❧✐❦❡ ❛ ❣✉❧❧❡t ❬❝♦♥t❛✐♥✐♥❣ ❪ ❡①❝❡ss✐✈❡ ✇❛t❡rs✳
✸
✖✖
✽✳ ❙✐♥❝❡ ♦♥❧② ❤✐s ❬❜❡♥❡✈♦❧❡♥❝❡ ❪ ❬✐s❪
✹
✇❡❧❧✲✜tt✐♥❣ ❝♦♣✐♦✉s r✐❝❤✲✐♥✲❝♦✇s ❣r❡❛t✱
❬✐t ✐s❪ ❢♦r ❛ ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡r ❧✐❦❡ ❛ r✐♣❡ ❜r❛♥❝❤✳
✾✳ ❙✐♥❝❡ ♦♥❧② t❤②✱ ❖ Indra✱ ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❤❡❧♣✐♥❣
❬❛r❡❪ ♣❧❡♥t✐❢✉❧ ❢♦r s♦♠❡♦♥❡ ❧✐❦❡ ♠❡✱
t❤❡② ❛r❡ ❬t❤❡r❡❪ ❢♦r ❛ ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡r ♣r❡s❡♥t ✐♥ ❛♥ ✐♥st❛♥t✳
✶✵✳ ❙✐♥❝❡ ♦♥❧② ❛ ✈❡rs❡ ❛♥❞ ❛ ❤②♠♥ ♦❢ ♣r❛✐s❡ ♦❢ ❤✐♠
❬❛r❡❪ ❞❡s✐r❛❜❧❡ ❬t♦ ❤✐♠❪✱ ❬t❤♦s❡ t✇♦ ❛r❡❪ t♦✲❜❡✲r❡❝✐t❡❞
❢♦r Indra t♦ ❞r✐♥❦ Soma✳

✶ ✐♥♥❡r Soma ✖ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✾✳✻✷✳✷❜❝

✷ ♣r♦❜✳ ✏❧✐❦❡ ❜✐❣ ❧❛❦❡ s✇❡❧❧✐♥❣ ✇✐t❤ s❡❛s♦♥❛❧ ✇❛t❡rs✑
✸ dhāna
✹ sumati
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✳✾

Madhuchandas Vaiśvāmitra | Gāyatrı̄ | t♦ Indra

ı́ndréhi mátsyándhaso vı́śvebhih. somapárvabhih. |

mahā´m̃. abhis..tı́rójasā || 1 ||

émenam . sr.jatā suté mandı́mı́ndrāya mandı́ne |

. vı́śvāni cákraye || 2 ||
cákrim

mátsvā suśipra mandı́bhi stómebhirviśvacars.an.e |

sácais.ú sávanes.vā´ || 3 ||

ásr.gramindra te gı́rah. práti tvā´múdahāsata |

. pátim || 4 ||
ájos.ā vr..sabhám

. codaya citrámarvā´grā´dha indra váren.yam |

sám
ásadı́tte vibhú prabhú || 5 ||

asmā´nsú tátra codayéndra rāyé rábhasvatah. |

túvidyumna yáśasvatah. || 6 ||

sám. gómadindra vā´javadasmé pr.thú śrávo br.hát |

viśvā´yurdhehyáks.itam || 7 ||

asmé dhehi śrávo br.háddyumnám . sahasrasā´tamam |

ı́ndra tā´ rathı́nı̄rı́s.ah. || 8 ||

vásorı́ndram
. vásupatim. gı̄rbhı́rgr.n.ánta .rgmı́yam |
hóma gántāramūtáye || 9 ||

sutésute nyòkase br.hádbr.hatá édarı́h. |

ı́ndrāya śūs.ámarcati || 10 ||
 ✶✽✺

✶✳ ❖ Indra✱ ♠♦✈❡ ❤❡r❡✱ r❡✈❡❧ ✐♥ t❤❡ ❤❡r❜

✇✐t❤ ❛❧❧ ❬♦❢ ✐ts❪ Soma✲❥♦✐♥ts ✦ ✶
❬❚❤♦✉ ❛r❡❪ ♠✐❣❤t② ❛ss✐st❛♥t ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❛ ❢r❡♥③②✳
✷✳ ❍✐♠ t❤❡② s❤❛❧❧ ❧❡t ❧♦♦s❡ ✐♥t♦ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❬Soma❪ ✖
❞❡❧✐❣❤t✐♥❣ ♦♥❡ ❢♦r ♣♦ss❡ss✐♥❣✲♦❢✲❞❡❧✐❣❤t Indra✱
✷
❞♦✐♥❣ ❢♦r t❤❡ ❞♦❡r ♦❢ ❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣✳
✸✳ ❊①❤✐❧❛r❛t❡ t❤②s❡❧❢ ❤❡r❡✱ ❖ s❡❧❡❝t✐✈❡ ♦♥❡✱
✇✐t❤ ❞❡❧✐❣❤t✐♥❣ ❤②♠♥s ♦❢ ♣r❛✐s❡✱ ❖ ❞r❛✇✐♥❣ ❡✈❡r②♦♥❡ t♦ t❤②s❡❧❢✱
❛t t❤❡s❡ ♣r❡ss✐♥❣s ❬♦❢ Soma❪✦
✹✳ ❈❤❛♥ts ❢♦r t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❤❛✈❡ ♣♦✉r❡❞ ♦✉t
t❤❡② ❤❛✈❡ s♣r✉♥❣ ✉♣✇❛r❞s✱ t♦✇❛r❞s t❤❡❡✱
t❤❡②✱ ♥♦t ❬②❡t❪ ❣r❛t✐✜❡❞ ❬✇✐t❤ t❤② ♣r❡s❡♥❝❡❪✱ ✖
t♦✇❛r❞s ❛♣♣❡❛r✐♥❣✲❛s✲❛ ✲❜✉❧❧ ♠❛st❡r✳
✺✳ ❍✐t❤❡r ✐♠♣❡❧ ❝❛♣t✉r✐♥❣ ❛tt❡♥t✐♦♥
t♦✲❜❡✲♣r❡❢❡rr❡❞ ❬t♦ ❛❧❧ ♦t❤❡rs❪
s❛t✐s❢❛❝t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❬♦✉r❪ ❞❡s✐r❡✱ ❖ Indra✦
✻✳ ■♥s♣✐r❡ ✉s ✇❡❧❧ ✐♥t♦ t❤❛t✱ ❖ Indra✱
❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡✱ ❬✉s✱ ✇❤♦❪ ❤❛✈❡ ③❡❛❧✱
❤❛✈❡ ✇♦rt❤✱ ❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥t ♣♦✇❡rs t♦ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t❡ ♦♥❡✦
✼✳ ❈♦♠❜✐♥❡ ✐♥ ✉s✱ ❖ Indra✱ r✐❝❤✲✐♥✲❝♦✇s
♣♦ss❡ss✐♥❣ t❤❡ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r ❡①t❡♥s✐✈❡ ❧♦✉❞ ❛✉❞✐t♦r② ✐♠♣r❡ss✐♦♥
❬❛♥❞❪ ❛❧❧✲♣❡r✈❛❞✐♥❣ ✉♥❞❡❝❛②✐♥❣ ❧✐❢❡✲❢♦r❝❡✦
✽✳ P✉t ✐♥t♦ ✉s ❧♦✉❞ ❛✉❞✐t♦r② ✐♠♣r❡ss✐♦♥ ❬❛♥❞❪
❜❡st✲❛t✲♣r♦❝✉r✐♥❣✲t❤♦✉s❛♥❞❬✲♦♣♣♦rt✉♥✐t✐❡s❪ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t❡✱
❖ Indra✱ t❤❡s❡ ❬❛r❡❪ ❝❛rr✐❡❞✲✐♥✲❛✲❝❤❛r✐♦t ❧✐❜❛t✐♦♥s✦
✸
✾✳ Indra✱ t❤❡ ♦✈❡rs❡❡r ♦❢ ✇❤❛t✬s ❜❡♥❡✜❝❡♥t✱
❬t❤❡ ♦✈❡rs❡❡r❪ ♦❢ ❡①t♦❧❧❡❞ ✇✐t❤ ❝❤❛♥ts ❜❡♥❡✜❝❡♥t ❬tr❡❛s✉r❡❪
❤✐♠✱ ❬✇❤♦ ✐s❪ t♦✲❜❡✲♣r❛✐s❡❞✲✐♥✲✈❡rs❡s✱ ✇❤♦ ✐s ❝♦♠✐♥❣ t♦ ❤❡❧♣✱
✇❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡ ❝❛❧❧✐♥❣✳
✶✵✳ ❬❚♦ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ✐s❪ ❛t✲❤♦♠❡ ❛t ❡✈❡r② Soma ❧✐❜❛t✐♦♥✱
✹
❬❤❡ ✇❤♦ ✐s❪ t❡♥❞✐♥❣ ✉♣✇❛r❞s✱
✺
❬s✐♥❣s❪ ❥✉st ❤❡r❡ t♦ t❤❡ ❧♦❢t② ♦♥❡ ❛ ❧♦❢t② ❬sāman❪ ✻
❢♦r Indra ❤❡ s✐♥❣s ❤✐❣❤✲s♣✐r✐t❡❞ ❬sāman❪✳
✶ t❤✐s ♠✐❣❤t ✐♥❞✐❝❛t❡ t❤❛t ❥♦✐♥ts ✐❢ t❤❡ ❤❡r❜ ❤❛❞ ❤✐❣❤❡r ❝♦♥❝❡♥tr❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ Soma
s✉❜st❛♥❝❡ t❤❛t t❤❡ r❡st ♦❢ ✐t
✷ ✐♥♥❡r Soma
✸ ❂ ❛❜s♦r❜❡❞ ❜② ❛ ❜♦❞② t❤❛t ✐s t♦ ❜❡ ♣♦ss❡ss❡❞ ❜② Indra
✹ ❢♦❧❧♦✇✐♥❣ ❬❏❛♠✐s♦♥ ❛♥❞ ❇r❡r❡t♦♥✱ ✷✵✶✹✱ ♣✳✶✵✵❪
✺ ❛s♣✐r✐♥❣ Indra ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡r
✻ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✽✳✾✽✳✶❛❜
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✳✶✵

Madhuchandas Vaiśvāmitra | Anus..tubh | t♦ Indra

gā´yanti tvā gāyatrı́n.ó ′rcantyarkámarkı́n.ah. |

brahmā´n.astvā śatakrata údvam . śámiva yemire || 1 ||

yátsā´noh. sā´numā´ruhadbhū´ryáspas..ta kártvam |

tádı́ndro ártham . cetati yūthéna vr..sn.ı́rejati || 2 ||

yuks.vā´ hı́ keśı́nā hárı̄ vŕ..san.ā kaks.yaprā´ |

áthā na indra somapā girā´múpaśrutim . cara || 3 ||

. abhı́ svarābhı́ gr.n.ı̄hyā´ ruva |

éhi stómām̃
bráhma ca no vaso sácéndra yajñám . ca vardhaya || 4 ||

ukthámı́ndrāya śám . syam. várdhanam . purunis..sı́dhe |

śakró yáthā sutés.u n.o rārán.atsakhyés.u ca || 5 ||

támı́tsakhitvá ı̄mahe tám . suv´ı̄rye |

. rāyé tám
sá śakrá utá nah. śakadı́ndro vásu dáyamānah. || 6 ||
 ✶✽✼

✶✳ ❚❤♦s❡ ❢❛♠✐❧✐❛r ✇✐t❤ s♦♥❣s ✐♥ Gāyatrı̄✲♠❡t❡r

♣r❛✐s❡ t❤❡❡ ✐♥ ❬s✉❝❤ ❛❪ s♦♥❣✱
♣r❛✐s❡ t❤❡❡ ✇✐t❤ ❬s✉❝❤❪ ❤②♠♥✱
t❤♦s❡ ❢❛♠✐❧✐❛r ✇✐t❤ ❤②♠♥s ♦❢ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t✐♦♥
r❡❝♦♠♠❡♥❞ t❤❡❡ ✇✐t❤ ❛ ❤②♠♥ ♦❢ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t✐♦♥✱
❢♦r♠✉❧❛t♦rs ❡①t❡♥❞ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❛ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ✇✐❧❡s ♦♥❡✱
✉♣✇❛r❞s ❧✐❦❡ ❛ ❝❛♥❡✳
✷✳ ❲❤❡♥ ❢r♦♠ s✉♠♠✐t t♦ s✉♠♠✐t ❤❡ ❤❛s ❛s❝❡♥❞❡❞✱
❬❛♥❞❪ ❤❛s ❜❡❤❡❧❞ ♠✉❝❤ t♦ ❜❡ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❧✐s❤❡❞✱
t❤❡♥ Indra ✜①❡s t❤❡ ♠✐♥❞ ✉♣♦♥ t❤❡ ♣✉r♣♦s❡✱
❬❛♥❞✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❜❡❝♦♠❡❪ ♣♦✇❡r❢✉❧✱ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ t❤❡ ❤❡r❞✶
❤❡ s❤❛❦❡s ❬t❤❡ ❡♥t✐r❡ ❜♦❞②❪✳
✖✖
✸✳ ❉♦ ②♦❦❡ t✇♦ ✇❡❧❧✲❢❡❞
❤❛✐r② t❛✇♥② ❜✉❧❧s✱
t❤❡♥✱ ❖ Soma✲❞r✐♥❦✐♥❣ Indra✱
♠♦✈❡ t♦ t❤❡ r❛♥❣❡ ♦❢ ❤❡❛r✐♥❣ ♦✉r ❝❤❛♥ts✦
✹✳ ▼♦✈❡ ❤❡r❡✱ ❥♦✐♥ ✐♥ s✐♥❣✐♥❣ ❤②♠♥s ♦❢ ♣r❛✐s❡✦
❆♣♣r♦✈❡ ❬t❤❡♠❪✱ ❝r② r♦❛r✦
❆♥❞ ♦✉r ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥ ✐s ❛t ❤❛♥❞✱ ❖ ❜❡♥❡✜❝❡♥t ♦♥❡✦
❆♥❞ ❞♦ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥ t❤❡ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡✱ ❖ Indra✦
✖✖
✺✳ ❋♦r Indra ❛ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥✐♥❣ ✈❡rs❡
❬✐s❪ t♦ ❜❡ r❡❝✐t❡❞✱ t♦ ♦❢t❡♥✲❛tt❛✐♥✐♥❣✲❬❤✐s❪✲❛✐♠ ♦♥❡✱
s♦ t❤❛t ❤❡✱ ❡♠♣♦✇❡r✐♥❣ ✉s ❞✉r✐♥❣ Soma ♣r❡ss✐♥❣s✱
✇♦✉❧❞ ❛❧s♦ t❛❦❡ ♣❧❡❛s✉r❡ ✐♥ ♣❛rt♥❡rs❤✐♣s ❬✇✐t❤ ✉s❪✳
✻✳ ❏✉st ❤✐♠ ✇❡ ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤ ✐♥ ❢r✐❡♥❞s❤✐♣✱
❤✐♠ ❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ tr❡❛s✉r❡✱ ❤✐♠✱ ✇❤❡♥ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ♠❛♥❧② ✈✐❣♦✉r✳
❆♥❞ ❤❡✱ ❡♠♣♦✇❡r✐♥❣✱ s❤❛❧❧ ❡♠♣♦✇❡r ✉s ✖
✐♠♣❛rt✐♥❣✲✇❤❛t✬s✲❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧ Indra✳
✖✖

✶ ♣r♦❜✳ ✏❜✐❣ ♠✉s❝❧❡s✑

✶✽✽

. sunirájamı́ndra tvā´dātamı́dyáśah. |
suvivŕ.tam
. vr.dhi kr.n.us.vá rā´dho adrivah. || 7 ||
gávāmápa vrajám

nahı́ tvā ródası̄ ubhé .rghāyámān.amı́nvatah. |

. gā´ asmábhyam
jés.ah. svàrvatı̄rapáh. sám . dhūnuhi || 8 ||

ā´śrutkarn.a śrudh´ı̄ hávam

. nū´ ciddadhis.va me gı́rah. |
ı́ndra stómamimám . máma kr..svā´ yujáścidántaram || 9 ||

vidmā´ hı́ tvā vŕ..santamam

. vā´jes.u havanaśrútam |
vŕ..santamasya hūmaha ūtı́m . sahasrasā´tamām || 10 ||

ā´ tū´ na indra kauśika mandasānáh. sutám . piba |

návyamā´yuh. prá sū´ tira kr.dh´ı̄ sahasrasā´mŕ..sim || 11 ||

pári tvā girvan.o gı́ra imā´ bhavantu viśvátah. |

vr.ddhā´yumánu vŕ.ddhayo jús..tā bhavantu jús..tayah. || 12 ||
 ✶✽✾

✼✳ ❉♦ ✉♥❝♦✈❡r ❡♥❝❧♦s✉r❡ ♦❢ ❝♦✇s ✖

❡❛s②✲t♦✲❞✐s❝♦✈❡r✱ ❡❛s②✲t♦✲❞r✐✈❡✲♦✉t✲❢r♦♠✦
❖ Indra✱ ❬s✉❝❤❪ ❤♦♥♦✉r ✐s ♦♥❧② ❣✐✈❡♥ ❜② t❤❡❡✦
❊✛❡❝t ❛❝❝♦♠♣❧✐s❤♠❡♥t ♦❢ ❬♦✉r❪ ❞❡s✐r❡✱ ❖ st♦♥❡✲✇✐❡❧❞❡r✦
✽✳ ❙✉r❡❧② ♥♦t t❤❡ t✇♦ Rodas✲❡s
✐♥✈✐❣♦r❛t❡ t❤❡❡ ❬✇❤❡♥ t❤♦✉ ❛r❡❪ r❛✈✐♥❣✦
❉♦ t❤♦✉✱ ❣❛✐♥✐♥❣ ♣♦ss❡ss✐♥❣✲♦❢✲svar ✇❛t❡rs✱
s❤❛❦❡ ♦✛ ❝♦✇s ❢♦r ✉s✦
✷
✾✳ ❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣✲❤❡❛r✐♥❣✲❡❛rs ♦♥❡✦ ❍❡❛r t❤❡ ❝❛❧❧✦
❘✐❣❤t ♥♦✇ ❞♦ ❛❝❝❡♣t ♠② ❝❤❛♥ts✦
❖ Indra✱ ♠❛❦❡ t❤✐s ♠② ❤②♠♥ ♦❢ ♣r❛✐s❡
♠♦r❡ ✐♥t✐♠❛t❡ ❬t♦ t❤❡❡ t❤❛♥❪ ❡✈❡♥ ❛ ②♦❦❡♠❛t❡✦
✶✵✳ ❙✐♥❝❡ ✇❡ ❦♥♦✇ t❤❡❡ ❛s t❤❡ ♠♦st ❜✉❧❧✲❧✐❦❡✱
❤❡❛r✐♥❣ t❤❡ s✉♠♠♦♥s ❞✉r✐♥❣ r✉s❤❡s ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱
✇❡ s✉♠♠♦♥ ❜❡st✲❛t✲♣r♦❝✉r✐♥❣✲t❤♦✉s❛♥❞✲❬♦♣♣♦rt✉♥✐t✐❡s❪
❤❡❧♣ ♦❢ ❬❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ✐s❪ t❤❡ ♠♦st ❜✉❧❧✲❧✐❦❡✳
✶✶✳ ❍❡r❡ t❤❡♥✱ ❢♦r ♦✉r s❛❦❡✱ ❖ Indra ♦❢ Kuśika✲s✱
❜❡❝♦♠✐♥❣ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t❡❞✱ ❞r✐♥❦ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❬Soma❪✦
◗✉✐❝❦❧② tr❛♥s❢❡r ❬❛❝r♦ss t❤❡ ❜❛rr✐❡r❪
❢r❡s❤ ❬♣♦rt✐♦♥ ♦❢❪ t❤❡ ❧✐❢❡✲❢♦r❝❡✦
❈r❡❛t❡ ♣r♦❝✉r✐♥❣✲t❤♦✉s❛♥❞✲❬✈❡rs❡s❪ s❡❡r✦
✶✷✳ ▼❛② t❤❡s❡ ❝❤❛♥ts ❜❡ ❛r♦✉♥❞ t❤❡❡✱
❖ ❧♦♥❣✐♥❣ ❢♦r ❛ ❝❤❛♥t ♦♥❡✱ ✐♥ ❡✈❡r② ✇❛②✦
▼❛② ❛❞✈❛♥❝❡♠❡♥ts ❢♦❧❧♦✇ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦s❡ ❧✐❢❡✲❢♦r❝❡ ✇❛s str❡♥❣t❤❡♥❡❞✱
♠❛② ❡♥❥♦②♠❡♥ts ❜❡ ❛❣r❡❡❛❜❧❡ ❬t♦ ❤✐♠❪✦

✷ ❛s r✐♣❡ ❢r✉✐ts ♦✛ ❛ tr❡❡

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✳✶✶

Jetar Mādhuchandasa | Anus..tubh | t♦ Indra

ı́ndram . vı́śvā avı̄vr.dhansamudrávyacasam . gı́rah. |

rath´ı̄tamam . rath ´
ı̄ nām
. v ´
ā jānām
. . pátim || 1 ||
sátpatim

sakhyé ta indra vājı́no mā´ bhema śavasaspate |

tvā´mabhı́ prá n.onumo jétāramáparājitam || 2 ||

pūrv´ı̄rı́ndrasya rātáyo ná vı́ dasyantyūtáyah. |

yádı̄ vā´jasya gómata stotŕ.bhyo mám . hate maghám || 3 ||

purā´m
. bhindúryúvā kavı́rámitaujā ajāyata |
ı́ndro vı́śvasya kárman.o dhartā´ vajr´ı̄ purus..tutáh. || 4 ||

′
tvám. valásya gómató pāvaradrivo bı́lam |
tvā´m
. devā´ ábibhyus.astujyámānāsa āvis.uh. || 5 ||

távāhám . sı́ndhumāvádan |
. śūra rātı́bhih. prátyāyam
úpātis..thanta girvan.o vidús..te tásya kārávah. || 6 ||

māyā´bhirindra māyı́nam . tvám . śús.n.amávātirah. |

vidús..te tásya médhirāstés.ām
. śrávām . syúttira || 7 ||

ı́ndram´ı̄śānamójasābhı́ stómā anūs.ata |

sahásram . yásya rātáya utá vā sánti bhū´yası̄h. || 8 ||
 ✶✾✶

✶✳ ❬■t ✐s❪ Indra✱ ✇❤♦s❡ ❡①♣❛♥s❡ ✐s ❧✐❦❡ t❤❛t ♦❢ ❛ s❡❛✱

❬✇❤♦♠❪ ❛❧❧ ❝❤❛♥ts str❡♥❣t❤❡♥❡❞✱
t❤❡ ❜❡st ❝❤❛r✐♦t❡❡r ♦❢ ❬❛❧❧❪ ❝❤❛r✐♦t❡❡rs✱ ♦❢ r✉s❤❡s ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱
♦✈❡rs❡❡✐♥❣✲✇❤❛t✬s✲t♦✲❜❡❝♦♠❡✲r❡❛❧ ♠❛st❡r✳
✖✖
✷✳ ❚❤❡② ✇❤♦ ❛r❡ ❝❛♣❛❜❧❡ ♦❢ r✉s❤❡s ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱ ❬❤❛✈❡❪ r❡❧❛t✐♦♥ t♦ t❤❡❡✱
❖ Indra✦
❲❡ s❤❛❧❧ ♥♦t ❜❡ ❛❢r❛✐❞✱ ❖ ♠❛st❡r ♦❢ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✦
❚♦ t❤❡❡ ✇❡ ❛r❡ ✜♥❞✐♥❣ ❛❣❛✐♥ ❛♥❞ ❛❣❛✐♥ ♦✉r ✇❛②✱
t♦ t❤❡ ✉♥❝♦♥q✉❡r❡❞ ❝♦♥q✉❡r♦r✳
✖✖
✸✳ ▼❛♥② ❬❛r❡❪ Indra✬s ❣✐❢ts✳
❬❍✐s❪ ✇❛②s ♦❢ ❤❡❧♣✐♥❣ ❞♦ ♥♦t ❝♦♠❡ t♦ ❛♥ ❡♥❞✱
✐❢ t♦ ❤②♠♥ s✐♥❣❡rs ❤❡ ✐♥❝r❡❛s❡s t❤❡ ❜♦✉♥t②
♦❢ r✐❝❤✲✐♥✲❝♦✇s r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✳
✹✳ ❇r❡❛❦❡r ♦❢ str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞s✱ ②♦✉t❤❢✉❧✱ ❣✐❢t❡❞ ✇✐t❤ ✐♥s✐❣❤t✱
❤❛✈✐♥❣ ✐♠♠❡♥s❡ ✈✐❣♦✉r ❤❡ ❝❛♠❡ ✐♥t♦ ❡①✐st❡♥❝❡ ✖
Indra✱ s✉♣♣♦rt❡r ♦❢ ❡✈❡r② ❛❝t✐♦♥✱
♠✉❝❤✲❡✉❧♦❣✐③❡❞ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲✇✐❡❧❞❡r✳
✖✖
✺✳ ❚❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ✉♥❝♦✈❡r❡❞✱ ❖ st♦♥❡✲✇✐❡❧❞❡r✱
t❤❡ ❛♣❡rt✉r❡ ♦❢ r✐❝❤✲✐♥✲❝♦✇s ❝❛✈❡r♥✱
❜❡✐♥❣✲❜r♦✉❣❤t✲t♦✲❢♦r❡ deva✲s
♦❢ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ❤❛s✲❜❡❝♦♠❡✲❢❡❛r❧❡ss s❤♦✉❧❞ ✐♠♣❡❧❧❡❞ t❤❡❡✳
✻✳ ❲✐t❤ t❤② ❣✐❢ts✱ ❖ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱
■ r❡t✉r♥❡❞ ✉tt❡r✐♥❣ ❬✈❡rs❡s❪ t♦ t❤❡ r✐✈❡r ✳
✶
❙✐♥❣❡rs ♦❢ ❡✉❧♦❣✐❡s ❛ss✐st❡❞ ❬♠❡❪✱ ❖ ❧♦♥❣✐♥❣ ❢♦r ❝❤❛♥t ♦♥❡✱
t❤❡② ❤❛✈❡ ❡①♣❡r✐❡♥❝❡❞ t❤❛t ♦❢ t❤❡❡✳
✼✳ ❯s✐♥❣ ♣♦✇❡rs ♦❢ ❢r❛♠✐♥❣ ❬✐❞❡❛s ❛♥❞ ♣❡r❝❡♣t✐♦♥❪✱ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱
❞❡❣r❛❞❡❞ ❤❛✈✐♥❣✲t❤❡✲♣♦✇❡r✲t♦✲❢r❛♠❡✲❬✐❞❡❛s ❛♥❞ ♣❡r❝❡♣t✐♦♥❪ Śus.n.a✳
P♦ss❡ss✐♥❣ ♦❢ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱ t❤❡② ❤❛✈❡ ❡①♣❡r✐❡♥❝❡❞ t❤♦s❡ ♦❢ t❤❡❡✱
❡❧❡✈❛t❡ t❤❡✐r ❛✉❞✐t♦r② ✐♠♣r❡ss✐♦♥s✦
✷
✖✖
✽✳ ❍②♠♥s ♦❢ ♣r❛✐s❡ ❤❛✈❡ ❢♦✉♥❞ t❤❡✐r ✇❛②
t♦✇❛r❞s Indra ✇❤♦ ✐s ✐♥ ❝❤❛r❣❡ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❛ ❢r❡♥③②✱
❛♥❞ ✇❤♦s❡ ❣✐❢ts ❛r❡ ❛ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞
♦r ❡✈❡♥ ♠♦r❡✳
✶ ♣r♦❜✳ ✏t❤❡ ✢♦✇ ♦❢ susumnā✑
.
✷ ♦r ❡✈❡♥ ✏✉♣❣r❛❞❡✑
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✳✶✻

Medhātithi Kān.va | Gāyatrı̄ | t♦ Indra

ā´ tvā vahantu hárayo vŕ..san.am . sómapı̄taye |

ı́ndra tvā sū´racaks.asah. || 1 ||

imā´ dhānā´ ghr.tasnúvo hárı̄ ihópa vaks.atah. |

ı́ndram. sukhátame ráthe || 2 ||

ı́ndram
. prātárhavāmaha ı́ndram . prayatyàdhvaré |
. sómasya pı̄táye || 3 ||
ı́ndram

úpa nah. sutámā´ gahi háribhirindra keśı́bhih. |

suté hı́ tvā hávāmahe || 4 ||

. na stómamā´ gahyúpedám
sémám . sutám |
. sávanam
gauró ná tr..sitáh. piba || 5 ||

imé sómāsa ı́ndavah. sutā´so ádhi barhı́s.i |

tā´m̃
. indra sáhase piba || 6 ||

ayám . tamah. |
. te stómo agriyó hr.dispŕ.gastu śám
áthā sómam . piba || 7 ||
. sutám

vı́śvamı́tsávanam . sutámı́ndro mádāya gachati |

vr.trahā´ sómapı̄taye || 8 ||

sémám. nah. kā´mamā´ pr.n.a góbhiráśvaih. śatakrato |

stávāma tvā svādhyàh. || 9 ||
 ✶✾✸

✶✳ ▲❡t t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s ❝♦♥✈❡② t❤❡❡✱ t❤❡ ❜✉❧❧✱

❤❡r❡ t♦ ❞r✐♥❦ Soma✱ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Indra ✖
t❤♦s❡ ❣✉✐❞✐♥❣ t❤❛t ✇❤✐❝❤ ✈✐✈✐✜❡s ✳ ✶
✷✳ ❬❙✐♥❝❡❪ t❤❡s❡ ❞r✐♣♣✐♥❣ ✇✐t❤ ❣❤❡❡ ❣r❛✐♥s✱
❬❛♥❞❪ t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s ✇♦✉❧❞ ❧❡❛❞ Indra ❤✐t❤❡r
♦♥ t❤❡ ♠♦st ❡❛s②✲❣♦✐♥❣ ❝❤❛r✐♦t✱
✸✳ ✉♣♦♥ Indra ✇❡ ❝❛❧❧ ❛t ❞❛②✲❜r❡❛❦
✉♣♦♥ Indra ❞✉r✐♥❣ ❬❛❧r❡❛❞②❪ ❛❝t✐✈❡
♣r♦❝❡❡❞✐♥❣ ♦♥ ✐ts ✇❛② ❬s❛❝r✐✜❝❡❪✱
✉♣♦♥ Indra ✖ t♦ ❞r✐♥❦ Soma✳
✖✖
✹✳ ❋♦r ♦✉r ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❬Soma❪ ❝♦♠❡ ❤❡r❡
❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❤❛✐r② t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s✱
s✐♥❝❡ ✇❡ ❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥ t❤❡❡ ❞✉r✐♥❣ Soma✲♣r❡ss✐♥❣✦
✺✳ ❙✉❝❤ t❤♦✉✱ ❞♦ ❝♦♠❡ ❤❡r❡ t♦ t❤✐s ♦✉r ❤②♠♥ ♦❢ ♣r❛✐s❡
❢♦r t❤✐s ✐♥❝✐t❡❞ ❬❜② t❤❡❡❪ Soma ♣r❡ss✐♥❣✦
❉r✐♥❦ ❧✐❦❡ t❤✐rst② ✇✐❧❞ ❛ss✦
✻✳ ❚❤❡s❡ ❞r♦♣s ♦❢ Soma ❥✉✐❝❡✱
❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ♦✈❡r t❤❡ s❛❝r✐✜❝✐❛❧ ❣r❛ss ❞r♦♣s ♦❢ ♣✉r❡ Soma✱
❞r✐♥❦ t❤❡♠ ❢♦r ❛♥ ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ str❡♥❣t❤✱ ❖ Indra✦
✖✖
✼✳ ❚❤✐s ❤②♠♥ ♦❢ ♣r❛✐s❡ ❢♦r t❤❡❡✱
❧❡t ✐t ❜❡ ❛ t♦✉❝❤✐♥❣✲t❤❡✲❤❡❛rt ♠♦st✲♣❛❝✐❢②✐♥❣ ♣r❡❝✉rs♦r✦
◆♦✇ t❤❡♥✱ ❞r✐♥❦ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ Soma✦
✽✳ ❋♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t✐♦♥ Indra s❡ts ♦✉t
t♦ ❥✉st ❛❜♦✉t ❡✈❡r② ✐♥❝✐t❡❞ ❬❜② ❤✐♠❪ Soma ♣r❡ss✐♥❣✱
❬❤❡✱❪ Vrtra✲s❧❛②❡r✱ t♦ ❞r✐♥❦ Soma✳
✾✳ ❙✉❝❤ ❬✖. ❞❛r✐♥❣ ✖❪ ❢✉❧✜❧❧ ♦✉r ❧♦♥❣✐♥❣
✷
✇✐t❤ ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s ✱ ✸
✇✐t❤ ❤♦rs❡s ✱ ❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❛ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ✇✐❧❡s ♦♥❡✦
✹
▼❛② ✇❡✱ q✉✐t❡ ❛♥①✐♦✉s✱ ❡①t♦❧ t❤❡❡✦

✶ ♣r♦❜✳ Soma
✷ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✻✳✹✺✳✷✶
✸ ❧✐t✳ ✏❝♦✇s✑
✹ ✇✐t❤ r❛♣✐❞ str♦♥❣ ♣✉❧s❡ t❤r♦✉❣❤♦✉t t❤❡ ❜♦❞②
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✳✶✼

Medhātithi Kān.va | Gāyatrı̄ | t♦ Indra

ı́ndrāvárun.ayorahám . samrā´joráva ā´ vr.n.e |

tā´ no mr...dāta ı̄dŕ.śe || 1 ||

gántārā hı́ sthó ′vase hávam. vı́prasya mā´vatah. |

dhartā´rā cars.an.ı̄nā´m || 2 ||

anukāmám . tarpayethāmı́ndrāvarun.a rāyá ā´ |

tā´ vām
. nédis..thamı̄mahe || 3 ||

yuvā´ku hı́ śácı̄nām

. yuvā´ku sumatı̄nā´m |
´ ´
bhūyāma vājadāvnām || 4 ||

ı́ndrah. sahasradā´vnām . syānām |

. várun.ah. śám
kráturbhavatyukthyàh. || 5 ||

. sanéma nı́ ca dhı̄mahi |

táyorı́dávasā vayám
syā´dutá prarécanam || 6 ||

ı́ndrāvarun.a vāmahám . huvé citrā´ya rā´dhase |

´
asmānsú jigyús.askr.tam || 7 ||

ı́ndrāvarun.a nū´ nú vām

. sı́s.āsantı̄s.u dhı̄s.vā´ |
asmábhyam . śárma yachatam || 8 ||

prá vāmaśnotu sus..tutı́rı́ndrāvarun.a yā´m

. huvé |
yā´mr.dhā´the sadhástutim || 9 ||
 ✶✾✺

✶✳ ■ ♣r❡❢❡r ❤❡❧♣ ♦❢ t✇♦ ❥♦✐♥t r✉❧❡rs✱

♦❢ Indra ❬❛♥❞❪ Varun.a✱
s♦ t❤❛t t❤♦s❡ t✇♦ ✇♦✉❧❞ ❜❡ ❢❛✈♦r❛❜❧❡
t♦ ❡♥❞♦✇❡❞ ✇✐t❤ s✉❝❤ q✉❛❧✐t✐❡s ❬❛s❪ ✉s✳
✶
✷✳ ❙✐♥❝❡ ②♦✉ t✇♦ ❛r❡ ❛r❡ ❝♦♠✐♥❣ ✐♥ ♦r❞❡r t♦ ❤❡❧♣
t♦ ❛ ❝❛❧❧ ♦❢ s♦♠❡♦♥❡ ✐♥s♣✐r❡❞ ❧✐❦❡ ♠❡✱
❬②♦✉ ❜♦t❤ ❛r❡❪ ✉s✐♥❣ t❤♦s❡ t❤❛t ❞r❛✇ t♦ t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s ✳
✷
✸✳ ▼❛② ②♦✉ t✇♦✱ ❖ Indra ❬❛♥❞❪ Varun.a✱
♠❛❦❡ ❬♦✉r❪ ♣✉rs✉✐t ❤❡r❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❞❡s✐r❡ ❢♦r t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡
t♦ s❛t✐s❢② ②♦✉ t✇♦✦
❲❡ ❛s❦ s✉❝❤ ②♦✉ t✇♦ ✐♥ t❤❡ ✜rst ♣❧❛❝❡✳
✹✳ ❙✐♥❝❡ ❡♥❛❜❧✐♥❣ ♣♦✇❡rs ❬❛r❡❪ ❜❡❧♦♥❣✐♥❣ t♦ ②♦✉ ❜♦t❤✱
❬s✐♥❝❡❪ ❡✛❡❝t✐✈❡ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❣❡st✉r❡s ❬❛r❡❪ ❜❡❧♦♥❣✐♥❣ t♦ ②♦✉ ❜♦t❤✱
✇❡ ❝♦✉❧❞ ❜❡ ❬♣❛rt❛❦✐♥❣❪ ♦❢ t❤♦s❡
t❤❛t ❛r❡ ❣r❛♥t✐♥❣ ❛ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✳
✺✳ ✏ Indra ❬❤❛s ♣♦✇❡rs❪ t❤❛t ❛r❡ ❣r❛♥t✐♥❣
t❤♦✉s❛♥❞s ❬♦❢ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s❪✱
Varun.a ❬❤❛s ♣♦✇❡rs t❤❛t ❛r❡ ❣r❛♥t✐♥❣❪
♣r❛✐s❡✇♦rt❤② ❬❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s❪✳✑
❬❙✉❝❤❪ ✉♥❞❡rst❛♥❞✐♥❣ ✐s t♦ ❜❡ ♣r❛✐s❡❞✳
✻✳ ❲✐t❤ ❤❡❧♣ ♦❢ ❥✉st t❤♦s❡ t✇♦
✇❡ ♠✐❣❤t ♣r♦❝✉r❡ ❬♣r❛✐s❡✇♦rt❤② ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s❪
❛♥❞ ❧❡t ✉s ❦❡❡♣ ❬t❤❡♠❪
❡✈❡♥ ✐❢ t❤❡r❡ ♠✐❣❤t ❜❡ ♣❧❡♥t② ❬♦❢ t❤❡♠❪✦
✼✳ ❖ Indra ❬❛♥❞❪ Varun.a✦ ■ ❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥ ②♦✉ t✇♦
❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ ❝♦♥s♣✐❝✉♦✉s s❛t✐s❢❛❝t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❬♦✉r❪ ❞❡s✐r❡✦
▼❛② ②♦✉ t✇♦ q✉✐❝❦❧② ♠❛❦❡ ✉s ✈✐❝t♦r✐♦✉s✦
✽✳ ❖ Indra ❬❛♥❞❪ Varun.a✦ ❏✉st ♥♦✇✱
✇❤❡♥ ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥s ❬❛r❡❪ str✐✈✐♥❣ t♦ ❣❛✐♥ ②♦✉ t✇♦✱
str❡t❝❤ ♦✉t ❛ s❤❡❧t❡r ❢♦r ✉s✦
✾✳ ▼❛② t❤❡ ❝♦rr❡❝t❧② ❛rt✐❝✉❧❛t❡❞ ♣r❛✐s❡ t❤❛t ■ ✐♥✈♦❦❡✱
r❡❛❝❤ ②♦✉ t✇♦✱ ❖ Indra ❬❛♥❞❪ Varun.a✱
❬t❤❡ ❝♦rr❡❝t❧② ❛rt✐❝✉❧❛t❡❞ ♣r❛✐s❡❪ t❤❛t ②♦✉ t✇♦ ❢❛✈♦✉r
❛s ❛ ❥♦✐♥t ♣r❛✐s❡✳

✶ t❤✐s ❧✐♥❡ ✐s t❤❡ s❛♠❡ ❛s ✻✳✻✵✳✺❝

✷ t❤❛t ✐s✱ t❤❡ s❡♥s❡s
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✳✷✶

Medhātithi Kān.va | Gāyatrı̄ | t♦ Indra ❛♥❞ Agni

ihéndrāgn´ı̄ úpa hvaye táyorı́tstómamuśmasi |

tā´ sómam
. somapā´tamā || 1 ||

tā´ yajñés.u prá śam

. satendrāgn´ı̄ śumbhatā narah. |
tā´ gāyatrés.u gāyata || 2 ||

tā´ mitrásya práśastaya indrāgn´ı̄ tā´ havāmahe |

somapā´ sómapı̄taye || 3 ||

ugrā´ sántā havāmaha úpedám . sutám |

. sávanam
indrāgn´ı̄ éhá gachatām || 4 ||

tā´ mahā´ntā sádaspátı̄ ı́ndrāgnı̄ ráks.a ubjatam |

áprajāh. santvatrı́n.ah. || 5 ||

téna satyéna jāgr.tamádhi pracetúne padé |

ı́ndrāgnı̄ śárma yachatam || 6 ||
 ✶✾✼

✶✳ ❚♦ t❤✐s ♣❧❛❝❡ ■ ✐♥✈✐t❡ Indra ❬❛♥❞❪ Agni✳

❲❡ ✇✐s❤ ♦♥❧② t❤❡✐rs ❤②♠♥ ♦❢ ♣r❛✐s❡✳
❚❤♦s❡ t✇♦✱ ❜❡st Soma✲❞r✐♥❦❡rs✱ ❬✇✐s❤❪ Soma✳
✷✳ ❚❤♦s❡ t✇♦ ❞♦ ②❡ st✐♠✉❧❛t❡ ❞✉r✐♥❣ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡s✦
❉♦ ❛rr❛② Indra ❬❛♥❞❪ Agni✱ ❖ ♠❡♥✦
❨❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❝❤❛♥t t♦ t❤♦s❡ t✇♦ ✐♥ Gāyatrı̄ ✈❡rs❡s✳
✸✳ ❚❤♦s❡ t✇♦ t♦ ❡♥s✉r❡ ❬t❤❡✐r❪ ❛♠✐t② ✖ ✶
t❤♦s❡ Indra ❬❛♥❞❪ Agni ✇❡ ❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥✱
t✇♦ Soma✲❞r✐♥❦❡rs t♦ ❞r✐♥❦ Soma✳
✹✳ ❲❡ s✉♠♠♦♥ t❤❡ t✇♦ ❜❡✐♥❣ ❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s
t♦ t❤✐s ✐♥❝✐t❡❞ ❬❜② t❤❡♠❪ Soma ♣r❡ss✐♥❣✳
Indra ❬❛♥❞❪ Agni s❤❛❧❧ ❝♦♠❡ t♦ t❤✐s ♣❧❛❝❡✳
✺✳ ❇❡✐♥❣ s✉❝❤ ♠✐❣❤t② ♦✈❡rs❡❡rs ♦❢ s❛❝r✐✜❝✐❛❧ ❛ss❡♠❜❧②✱
❖ Indra ❬❛♥❞❪ Agni✱ ❣✐✈❡ ❤❡❛t t♦ t❤❡ ❞❡❢❡♥s✐✈❡♥❡ss✦
▼❛② ❛❧❧✲❝♦♥s✉♠✐♥❣ ❢❡❛rs ❜❡ ✇✐t❤♦✉t ♣r♦❣❡♥②✦
✻✳ ❚❤r♦✉❣❤ t❤❛t✱ ❞♦ r❡❛❧❧② ✇❛t❝❤ ♦✈❡r
❛✛♦r❞✐♥❣ ❛ ✇✐❞❡ ✈✐❡✇ ❢♦♦t♣r✐♥t ✱ ✷
❖ Indra ❬❛♥❞❪ Agni✱ str❡t❝❤ ♦✉t ❛ s❤❡❧t❡r ❬❢♦r ✉s❪✦

✶ ❧✐t✳ ✏❢♦r t❤❡ s✉✣❝✐❡♥❝② ♦❢ ❛♠✐t②✑

✷ ♣r♦❜✳ t❤❡ t❤✐r❞✱ t❤❡ ❤✐❣❤❡st ❢♦♦t♣r✐♥t Vis.n
♦❢ .u
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✳✷✾

Śunah.śepa✱ s♦♥ ♦❢ Ajı̄garta | Paṅkti | t♦ Indra

yácciddhı́ satya somapā anāśastā´ iva smási |

ā´ tū´ na indra śam. saya
gós.váśves.u śubhrı́s.u sahásres.u tuvı̄magha || 1 ||

śı́prinvājānām. pate śácı̄vastáva dam . sánā |

ā´ tū´ na indra śam. saya
gós.váśves.u śubhrı́s.u sahásres.u tuvı̄magha || 2 ||

nı́ .svāpayā mithūdŕ.śā sastā´mábudhyamāne |

ā´ tū´ na indra śam. saya
gós.váśves.u śubhrı́s.u sahásres.u tuvı̄magha || 3 ||

sasántu tyā´ árātayo bódhantu śūra rātáyah. |

ā´ tū´ na indra śam. saya
gós.váśves.u śubhrı́s.u sahásres.u tuvı̄magha || 4 ||

sámindra gardabhám . mr.n.a nuvántam . pāpáyāmuyā´ |

´ ´
ā tū na indra śam . saya
gós.váśves.u śubhrı́s.u sahásres.u tuvı̄magha || 5 ||

pátāti kun.d..rn.ā´cyā dūrám

. vā´to vánādádhi |
ā´ tū´ na indra śam . saya
gós.váśves.u śubhrı́s.u sahásres.u tuvı̄magha || 6 ||

sárvam . parikrośám . jahi jambháyā kr.kadāśvàm |

ā´ tū´ na indra śam. saya
gós.váśves.u śubhrı́s.u sahásres.u tuvı̄magha || 7 ||
 ✶✾✾

✶✳ ❖ tr✉❡ Soma✲❞r✐♥❦❡r✦
❊✈❡♥ ✇❤❡♥ ✇❡ ❛r❡ ❛s ✐❢ ❞❡✈♦✐❞ ♦❢ ❤♦♣❡
❞♦ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ s♣❡❧❧❜✐♥❞ ✉s ✐♥t♦ ❝♦✇s ✱ ❤♦rs❡s ✱
✶ ✷
✐♥t♦ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞ r❡✐♥❢♦r❝✐♥❣ ❬t❤✐♥❣s❪✱
❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ♠❛♥② ❣✐❢ts ♦♥❡✦
✷✳ ❖ ❝❤♦♦s② ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② ❡♥❛❜❧✐♥❣ ♣♦✇❡rs
♠❛st❡r ♦❢ r✉s❤❡s ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✦ ❲✐t❤ t❤② ✇♦♥❞r♦✉s ❬♣♦✇❡r❪
❞♦ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ s♣❡❧❧❜✐♥❞ ✉s ✐♥t♦ ❝♦✇s✱ ❤♦rs❡s✱
✐♥t♦ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞ r❡✐♥❢♦r❝✐♥❣ ❬t❤✐♥❣s❪✱
❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ♠❛♥② ❣✐❢ts ♦♥❡✦
✸✳ P✉t ❞♦✇♥ t♦ s❧❡❡♣ ❬t❤♦s❡❪ t✇♦ ✸
t❤❛t ❛r❡ s❡❡✐♥❣ ❬t❤✐♥❣s❪ ❛s ❡✐t❤❡r✲♦r ✖
♥♦t ❜❡✐♥❣ ❛✇❛❦❡♥❡❞✱ ❬t❤♦s❡❪ t✇♦ s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡ ✐♥❛❝t✐✈❡✳
❉♦ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ s♣❡❧❧❜✐♥❞ ✉s ✐♥t♦ ❝♦✇s✱ ❤♦rs❡s✱
✐♥t♦ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞ r❡✐♥❢♦r❝✐♥❣ ❬t❤✐♥❣s❪✱
❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ♠❛♥② ❣✐❢ts ♦♥❡✦
✹✳ ▼❛② t❤♦s❡ ❬♣♦✇❡rs t❤❛t ❛r❡❪ ❤♦❧❞✐♥❣ ❜❛❝❦ ❜❡ ✐♥❛❝t✐✈❡✦
▼❛② ❬t❤♦s❡❪ ✇✐❧❧✐♥❣ t♦ ❣✐✈❡✱ ❖ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱ ❜❡ ❛✇❛❦❡✦
❉♦ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ s♣❡❧❧❜✐♥❞ ✉s ✐♥t♦ ❝♦✇s✱ ❤♦rs❡s✱
✐♥t♦ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞ r❡✐♥❢♦r❝✐♥❣ ❬t❤✐♥❣s❪✱
❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ♠❛♥② ❣✐❢ts ♦♥❡✦
✺✳ ❖ Indra✱ ❝r✉s❤ ❝♦♠♣❧❡t❡❧② t❤❡ ❞♦♥❦❡② ✱ ✹
t❤❛t ✐s ✜♥❞✐♥❣ ❬❤✐s❪ ✇❛② ✇✐t❤ s✉❝❤ ✐❧❧❧✉❝❦✦
❉♦ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ s♣❡❧❧❜✐♥❞ ✉s ✐♥t♦ ❝♦✇s✱ ❤♦rs❡s✱
✐♥t♦ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞ r❡✐♥❢♦r❝✐♥❣ ❬t❤✐♥❣s❪✱
❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ♠❛♥② ❣✐❢ts ♦♥❡✦
✻✳ ❋♦r ✐t t♦ ❢❛❧❧ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ kun.d..rn.ācı̄✱
t❤❡ ❲✐♥❞ ❬s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡❪ ❢❛r ❛❜♦✈❡ t❤❡ s♣✐♥❡✳
✺ ✻
❉♦ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ s♣❡❧❧❜✐♥❞ ✉s ✐♥t♦ ❝♦✇s✱ ❤♦rs❡s✱
✐♥t♦ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞ r❡✐♥❢♦r❝✐♥❣ ❬t❤✐♥❣s❪✱
❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ♠❛♥② ❣✐❢ts ♦♥❡✦
✼✳ ❘❡♣r❡ss ❡✈❡r② ❧❛♠❡♥t✱ ♠❛❦❡ kr.kadāśū s♥❛♣ ❬❤❡r❪ ❥❛✇s✦
❉♦ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ s♣❡❧❧❜✐♥❞ ✉s ✐♥t♦ ❝♦✇s✱ ❤♦rs❡s✱
✐♥t♦ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞ r❡✐♥❢♦r❝✐♥❣ ❬t❤✐♥❣s❪✱
❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ♠❛♥② ❣✐❢ts ♦♥❡✦
✶ ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s
✷ r❤②t❤♠✐❝❛❧ ❝❤❛r❣❡s ♦❢ ❡♥❡r❣②
✸ ♣r♦❜✳ ♠✐♥❞✬s ✐♠♣✉❧s❡s✴♣♦✇❡rs t♦ r❡❥❡❝t ♦r t♦ ❡♠❜r❛❝❡
✹ st✉❜❜♦r♥♥❡ss ♦❢ ❡❣♦✲r❡❧❛t❡❞ ❝♦♥str✉❝ts
✺ ♣r♦❜✳ ✏t❤❡ ✈✐t❛❧ ❛✐r✑❂Vāyu
✻ t❤✐s ♣r♦❜❛❜❧② ❤✐♥ts ❛t ♠❡t❤♦❞ r❡s❡♠❜❧✐♥❣ t❤❡ t❡❝❤♥✐q✉❡ ♦❢ Vijñānabhairava
Tantra✬s ✈❡rs❡ ✷✾
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✳✸✵

Śunah.śepa✱ s♦♥ ♦❢ Ajı̄garta | Gāyatrı̄ ❡①❝❡♣t ✶✻ Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra✱

Aśvin✲s✱ ❉❛✇♥

ā´ va ı́ndram . yathā vājayántah. śatákratum |

. krı́vim
mám . his..tham. siñca ı́ndubhih. || 1 ||

śatám
. vā yáh. śúcı̄nām . vā sámāśirām |
. sahásram
édu nimnám . ná rı̄yate || 2 ||

. yánmádāya śus.mı́n.a enā´ hyasyodáre |

sám
samudró ná vyáco dadhé || 3 ||

ayámu te sámatasi kapóta iva garbhadhı́m |

vácastáccinna ohase || 4 ||

stotrám. rādhānām . pate gı́rvāho vı̄ra yásya te |

vı́bhūtirastu sūnŕ.tā || 5 ||

ūrdhvástis..thā na ūtáye ′smı́nvā´je śatakrato |

sámanyés.u bravāvahai || 6 ||

yógeyoge tavástaram . vā´jevāje havāmahe |

sákhāya ı́ndramūtáye || 7 ||

ā´ ghā gamadyádi śrávatsahasrı́n.ı̄bhirūtı́bhih. |

vā´jebhirúpa no hávam || 8 ||

ánu pratnásyaukaso
´ . náram |
huvé tuvipratı́m
yám
. te p ´
ū rvam
. pit ´
ā huvé || 9 ||
 ✷✵✶

✶✳ ❋♦r ②❡ ❤❡r❡✱ ✇❡✱ ♣r❛❝t✐s✐♥❣ r✉s❤❡s ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱ ❜❡s♣r✐♥❦❧❡

✇✐t❤ ❞r♦♣s ♦❢ ♣✉r❡st Soma
t❤❡ ♠♦st ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ❤❛✈✐♥❣✲❤✉♥❞r❡❞✲✇✐❧❡s ♦♥❡ ✖✱
Indra ❬✇❡ ❜❡s♣r✐♥❦❧❡❪ ❛s ✐❢ ❬✇❡ ✇❡r❡ ❜❡s♣r✐♥❦❧✐♥❣❪ ✢❡s❤ ✖
✷✳ ❛s ✐❢ ❛❧♦♥❣ ❞❡♣r❡ss✐♦♥ ✶
♦♥❡ ❧❡ts ❣♦ ❛ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ s❤✐♥✐♥❣ ❬❞r♦♣s❪✱
❬❛♥♦t❤❡r❪ ✖ ❛ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞ ✇❡❧❧✲♠✐①❡❞ ❬♦♥❡s❪✱
✸✳ ✇❤❡♥ ❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ ♠❡tt❧❡s♦♠❡ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t✐♦♥
✭❛♥❞ ✐♥❞❡❡❞ ❛t t❤❛t t✐♠❡ ✮ ✷
❧✐❦❡ t❤❡ s❡❛ ❬t❤❛t ❝r❡❛t❡s❪ ❛ ✇✐❞❡ s♣❛❝❡✱
❤❡ ❝r❡❛t❡s ❬❛ ✇✐❞❡ s♣❛❝❡❪ ✐♥ ❤✐s ❜❡❧❧②✳
✖✖
✹✳ ❚❤✐s ❬Soma❪ ❬✐s❪ ❢♦r t❤❡❡✳ ❚❤♦✉ ❬✇✐❧❧❪ r❡♣❡❛t❡❞❧② r❡s♦rt ❬t♦ ✐t❪
❧✐❦❡ ❛ ❞♦✈❡ ❬t♦ ✐ts❪ ♥❡st✳
❚❤♦✉ ❬✇✐❧❧❪ ❛❧s♦ ❝♦♥s✐❞❡r t❤✐s s♣❡❡❝❤ ♦❢ ♦✉rs✳
✺✳ ❲❤♦s❡ ❤②♠♥ ♦❢ ♣r❛✐s❡ ✐s ❢♦r t❤❡❡✱
❖ ♦✈❡rs❡❡r ♦❢ ❣✐❢ts✱ ❖ ❝♦♥✈❡②❡❞ ❜② ❝❤❛♥ts ❤❡r♦✱
♠❛② ❬❤✐s❪ ✇❡❧❧✲✜tt✐♥❣ ❬❡①✉❧t❛t✐♦♥❪ ❜❡ ♣❡r✈❛❞✐♥❣✦
✻✳ ❙t❛② ✉♣r✐❣❤t t♦ ❤❡❧♣ ✉s ❞✉r✐♥❣ t❤✐s r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱
❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣✲❤✉♥❞r❡❞✲✇✐❧❡s ♦♥❡✦
❲❡ t✇♦ s❤❛❧❧ ❛❣r❡❡ ❬✇✐t❤ ❡❛❝❤ ♦t❤❡r❪
❞✉r✐♥❣ ♦t❤❡r ❬r✉s❤❡s ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r❪✦
✖✖
✼✳ ❆t ❡✈❡r② ❡♥❣❛❣❡♠❡♥t ❬✐♥ ❛ ✇❛r❪ ✱ ✸
❞✉r✐♥❣ ❡✈❡r② r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱ ❖ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s✱
✇❡ ❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥ str♦♥❣❡r Indra t♦ ❤❡❧♣✱
✽✳ ■❢ ❤❡ ❤❡❛rs ❬✐t❪✱ ❤❡ s❤❛❧❧ ✐♥❞❡❡❞ ❝♦♠❡ ❤❡r❡✱
t♦✇❛r❞s ♦✉r ❝❛❧❧ ✖✇✐t❤ r✉s❤❡s ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱
✇✐t❤ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞❢♦❧❞ ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❤❡❧♣✳
✾✳ ❋♦❧❧♦✇✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡ ❝✉st♦♠❪ ♦❢ ❬t❤✐s❪ ❛♥❝✐❡♥t ❤♦✉s❡✱
✹
■ ❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥ t❤❡ ♠✉❝❤✲♦♣♣♦s✐♥❣ ♠❛♥
✉♣♦♥ ✇❤♦♠ t❤② ❢❛t❤❡r ❝❛❧❧❡❞ ❜❡❢♦r❡✳
✖✖

✶ ❧♦✇ ❣r♦✉♥❞
✷ ✇❤❡♥ Soma ❡①tr❛❝t ✐s ✐♠❜✐❜❡❞
✸ ♦r✱ ✏❛t ❡✈❡r② ❥✉♥❝t✐♦♥✑
✹ ❢♦❧❧♦✇✐♥❣ ❬❏❛♠✐s♦♥ ❛♥❞ ❇r❡r❡t♦♥✱ ✷✵✶✹✱ ♣✳✶✸✵❪
✷✵✷

tám . viśvavārā´ śāsmahe puruhūta |

. tvā vayám
sákhe vaso jaritŕ.bhyah. || 10 ||

asmā´kam . sómapāh. somapā´vnām |

. śiprı́n.ı̄nām
sákhe vajrinsákhı̄nām || 11 ||

táthā tádastu somapāh. sákhe vajrintáthā kr.n.u |

yáthā ta uśmásı̄s..táye || 12 ||

revátı̄rnah. sadhamā´da ı́ndre santu tuvı́vājāh. |

ks.umánto yā´bhirmádema || 13 ||

ā´ gha tvā´vāntmánāptá stotŕ.bhyo dhr..sn.aviyānáh. |

.rn.óráks.am. ná cakryòh. || 14 ||

ā´ yáddúvah. śatakratavā´ kā´mam . jaritr̄.n.ā´m |

. ná śácı̄bhih. || 15 ||
.rn.óráks.am

śáśvadı́ndrah. pópruthadbhirjigāya
nā´nadadbhih. śā´śvasadbhirdhánāni |
sá no hiran.yarathám . dam
. sánāvān
sá nah. sanitā´ sanáye sá no ′dāt || 16 ||
 ✷✵✸

✶✵✳ ❙✉❝❤ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ ❝❤❡r✐s❤❡❞ ❜② ❛❧❧✱

✇❡ ❡①♣❡❝t✱ ❖ ♠✉❝❤ ✐♥✈♦❦❡❞ ♦♥❡✱
❖ ❜❡♥❡✜❝❡♥t ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥ t♦ ♣r❛✐s❡rs✦
✶✶✳ ❖❢ ❬❛❧❧❪ s❡❧❡❝t✐✈❡ Soma✲❞r✐♥❦❡rs✱ ❬❜❡❪ ♦✉rs✱
❖ Soma✲❞r✐♥❦✐♥❣ ♦♥❡✦
❖ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲✇✐❡❧❞✐♥❣ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❬t❤❡s❡❪ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s✦
✶✷✳ ▼❛② t❤❛t ❜❡ s♦✱ ❖ Soma✲❞r✐♥❦✐♥❣ ♦♥❡✦
❖ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲✇✐❡❧❞✐♥❣ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥✱ ❞♦
❛s ✇❡ ✇✐s❤ ♦❢ t❤❡❡ ✐♥ ♦r❞❡r t♦ s❡❡❦ ❬t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡❪✦
✖✖
✶✸✳ ▲❡t ♦✉r ♣❧❡♥t✐❢✉❧ ❬❧✐❜❛t✐♦♥s ❪✱ ✺
❬✇❤❡♥❪ ✐♥ ❞r✐♥❦✐♥❣ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥ Indra✱
❤❛✈❡ ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥t r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱
❬s♦ t❤❛t❪ ✇❡✱ ♥♦✉r✐s❤❡❞ ❜② t❤♦s❡ ❬❧✐❜❛t✐♦♥s✱❪
♠✐❣❤t ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t❡ ❬❤✐♠❪✦
✶✹✳ ❆t ❧❡❛st ❬♦♥❡❪ ❤❡r❡ s✐♠✐❧❛r t♦ t❤❡❡✱ ❬♦♥❡ ✇❤♦ ✐s❪ ✐♥❞❡❡❞ ✜t✱
❬✐s❪ ❝♦♠✐♥❣ ❤❡r❡ r❡♣❡❛t❡❞❧②✱ ❖ ❞❛r✐♥❣ ♦♥❡✱
❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ ♣r❛✐s❡rs✳
❚❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ ✜t ❬❤✐♠❪ ❛s ❛♥ ❛①❧❡ ❜❡t✇❡❡♥ t✇♦ ✇❤❡❡❧s✱
✶✺✳ ✇❤❡♥ ❬❤✐s❪ ❣❡st✉r❡ ♦❢ ❝♦♠♠✐t♠❡♥t✱ ❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣✲❤✉♥❞r❡❞✲✇✐❧❡s ♦♥❡✱
❬✇❤❡♥❪ t❤❡ ❧♦♥❣✐♥❣ ♦❢ ♣r❛✐s❡rs✱ t❤♦✉ ✇✐❧❧ ✜t
✇✐t❤ ❡♥❛❜❧✐♥❣ ♣♦✇❡rs ✖ ❛s ❛♥ ❛①❧❡ ❬✐s ✜t ✇✐t❤ ✇❤❡❡❧s❪✳
✖✖
✶✻✳ ❚♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ♣❛♥t✐♥❣ ❤❡❛✈②✲❜r❡❛t❤✐♥❣ r♦❛r✐♥❣ ❬♠❡♥❪
Indra ❤❛s ✇♦♥ ❝♦♥t❡sts t✐♠❡ ❛♥❞ ❛❣❛✐♥✳
❍❡✱ ❡♥❞♦✇❡❞ ✇✐t❤ ✇♦♥❞❡r❢✉❧ ♣♦✇❡r✱
❬✇✐❧❧ ♣r♦❝✉r❡❪ ❢♦r ✉s ❛♥ ❡♥❝❤❛♥t✐♥❣ ❝❤❛r✐♦t✱
❤❡ ✇✐❧❧ ♣r♦❝✉r❡ ❬✐t❪ ❢♦r ✉s t♦ ❣❛✐♥ ❬t❤❡ ✈✐❝t♦r②❪ ✖
❤❡ ❤❛s ♦✛❡r❡❞ ❬✐t❪ t♦ ✉s✳
✖✖

✺ isah
. . ✖ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✾✳✼✷✳✾❝
✷✵✹

ā´śvināváśvāvatyes.ā´ yātam
. śávı̄rayā |
gómaddasrā hı́ran.yavat || 17 ||

. rátho dasrāvámartyah. |
samānáyojano hı́ vām
samudré aśvinéyate || 18 ||

nyàghnyásya mūrdháni cakrám . ráthasya yemathuh. |

pári dyā´manyádı̄yate || 19 ||

kásta us.ah. kadhapriye bhujé márto amartye |

. naks.ase vibhāvari || 20 ||
kám

vayám . hı́ te ámanmahyā´ntādā´ parākā´t |

áśve ná citre arus.i || 21 ||

. tyébhirā´ gahi vā´jebhirduhitardivah. |

tvám
. nı́ dhāraya || 22 ||
asmé rayı́m
 ✷✵✺

✶✼✳ ❏♦✉r♥❡② ❤❡r❡✱ ❖ Aśvin✲s✱ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ r✐❝❤✲✐♥✲❤♦rs❡s

✻
❢❛❝✐❧✐t❛t✐♥❣ ❝❤❛♥❣❡s ❧✐❜❛t✐♦♥✦
❬❉✐st✐❧❧ ❢♦r ✉s✱❪ ❖ t✇♦ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❧✐s❤✐♥❣ ✇♦♥❞❡r❢✉❧ ❞❡❡❞s✱
r✐❝❤ ✐♥ ❣♦❧❞✱ ❝♦✇s ❬♠❛♥❧② ✈✐❣♦✉r❪ ✦
✼
✶✽✳ ❙✐♥❝❡ ②♦✉r✱ ❖ t✇♦ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❧✐s❤✐♥❣ ✇♦♥❞❡r❢✉❧ ❞❡❡❞s✱
❬❛❧✇❛②s❪ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❤❡ s❛♠❡ ❛✣♥✐t② ✐♠♣❡r✐s❤❛❜❧❡ ❝❤❛r✐♦t
❦❡❡♣s ❣♦✐♥❣ ✐♥t♦ t❤❡ s❡❛✱ ❖ Aśvin✲s✱
✶✾✳ ②♦✉ t✇♦ ❤❛✈❡ ❢❛st❡♥❡❞ ❬♦♥❡❪ ✇❤❡❡❧ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❝❤❛r✐♦t
t♦ t❤❡ ❤❡❛❞ ♦❢ ♥♦t✲t♦✲❜❡✲❦✐❧❧❡❞ ♦♥❡
✽
❛♥♦t❤❡r ❦❡❡♣s ♠♦✈✐♥❣ ❛r♦✉♥❞ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥✳
✖✖
✷✵✳ ❖ ❡✈❡r ❞❡❛r ❉❛✇♥✱ ✇❤✐❝❤ ♠♦rt❛❧
❬✐s❪ t❤② t♦ ♠❛❦❡ ✉s❡ ♦❢✱ ❖ ✐♠♠♦rt❛❧ ♦♥❡✱
✇❤♦♠ t❤♦✉ ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤✱ ❖ ❢✉❧❧ ♦❢ ❜r✐❣❤t♥❡ss ♦♥❡✦❄
✷✶✳ ❙✐♥❝❡ ✇❡ s❡t ♠✐♥❞ ♦♥ t❤❡❡✱
❢r♦♠ ♥❡❛r ❜②✱ ❢r♦♠ ❛ ❞✐st❛♥❝❡✱
❛s ✐❢ ♦♥ ❛ ❤♦rs❡✱ ❖ ❝❛♣t✉r✐♥❣ ❛tt❡♥t✐♦♥ r❡❞❞✐s❤ ♦♥❡✱
✷✷✳ ❞♦ t❤♦✉ ❝♦♠❡ ❤❡r❡✱ ❖ ❞❛✉❣❤t❡r ♦❢ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥✱
t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ t❤♦s❡ r✉s❤❡s ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✦
▼❛❦❡ t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡ ❡st❛❜❧✐s❤❡❞ ✐♥ ✉s✦

❱❡rs❡s ✶✽ ❛♥❞ ✶✾ ♠✐❣❤t ❜❡ ✉♥❞❡rst♦♦❞ ❛s ❛ st❛t❡♠❡♥t t❤❛t ✇❤❛t

❜r✐♥❣s t✇♦ Aśvin t♦ ❛ ♠❛♥ ✖ t❤❡✐r ✏❝❤❛r✐♦t✑ ✖ ❤❛s t✇♦ ✏✇❤❡❡❧s✑
✖ ♦♥❡ ✐s ❛ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ♣r❡❞✐s♣♦s✐t✐♦♥ t♦ ✜❣❤t✱ ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ♦t❤❡r ✐s t❤❡ r❛✇
❛♥❣❡r t❤❛t ✐s ❛ ❝♦♠♠❡♥❝❡♠❡♥t ♦❢ Indra✬s ♣r❡s❡♥❝❡✳ ❚❤❡ ✏❝❤❛r✐♦t✑
✇❤❡♥ ✐t r❡❛❝❤❡s t❤❡ ✏s❡❛✑ ✭t❤❛t ✐s✱ t❤❡ ❤❡❛rt ❝❛❦r❛✮ ❜r✐♥❣s ✭♣❡r
✈❡rs❡ ✶✼✮ ❛ ❧✐❜❛t✐♦♥ ✭t❤❛t ✐s ❛ ♠✐①t✉r❡ ♦❢ s♦♠❡ ✐♥♥❡r ✇❛t❡rs✮ t❤❛t
❝❛✉s❡s r❛♣✐❞ str♦♥❣ ♣✉❧s❡ t❤r♦✉❣❤♦✉t t❤❡ ❜♦❞② ❛♥❞ r❡s✉❧ts ✐♥ ♠❛♥❧②
✈✐❣♦✉r✳

✻ ♣r♦❜✳ ✏r❛♣✐❞ str♦♥❣ ♣✉❧s❡ t❤r♦✉❣❤♦✉t t❤❡ ❜♦❞②✑

✼ ❜② ❛♥❛❧♦❣② ✇✐t❤ ✾✳✻✾✳✽❛❜
✽ Indra
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✳✸✷

Hiran.yastūpa Āṅgirasa | Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra

ı́ndrasya nú vı̄ryā`n.i prá vocam.

yā´ni cakā´ra prathamā´ni vajr´ı̄ |
áhannáhimánvapástatarda
prá vaks.án.ā abhinatpárvatānām || 1 ||

áhannáhim . párvate śiśriyān.ám

.
tvás..tāsmai vájram
. svaryàm . tataks.a |
vāśrā´ iva dhenávah. syándamānā
áñjah. samudrámáva jagmurā´pah. || 2 ||

vr..sāyámān.o ′vr.n.ı̄ta sómam

.
trı́kadrukes.vapibatsutásya |
ā´ sā´yakam
. maghávādatta vájram
áhannenam . prathamajā´máhı̄nām || 3 ||

yádindrā´hanprathamajā´máhı̄nām
ā´nmāyı́nāmámināh. prótá māyā´h. |
ā´tsū´ryam. janáyandyā´mus.ā´sam .
tād´ı̄tnā śátrum
. ná kı́lā vivitse || 4 ||

áhanvr.trám
. vr.tratáram . vyàm . sam
ı́ndro vájren.a mahatā´ vadhéna |
skándhām. sı̄va kúliśenā vı́vr.kn.ā´hih.
śayata upapŕ.kpr.thivyā´h. || 5 ||

ayoddhéva durmáda ā´ hı́ juhvé

mahāvı̄rám . tuvibādhámr.jı̄s.ám |
nā´tārı̄dasya sámr.tim. vadhā´nām.
sám. rujā´nāh. pipis.a ı́ndraśatruh. || 6 ||

apā´dahastó apr.tanyadı́ndram
ā´sya vájramádhi sā´nau jaghāna |
vŕ..sn.o vádhrih. pratimā´nam
. búbhūs.an
purutrā´ vr.tró aśayadvyàstah. || 7 ||
 ✷✵✼

✶✳ ◆♦✇ ■ s❤❛❧❧ ♠❡♥t✐♦♥ Indra✬s ❞❡❡❞s ♦❢ ✈❛❧♦r✱

❢♦r❡♠♦st ♦♥❡s t❤❛t t❤❡ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲✇✐❡❧❞❡r ❤❛s ♣❡r❢♦r♠❡❞✳
❍❡ s❧❛②❡❞ t❤❡ s♥❛❦❡✳ ❋♦❧❧♦✇✐♥❣ ❬t❤❛t❪✱ ❤❡ ❧❡t ♦✉t t❤❡ ✇❛t❡rs✳
❍❡ s♣❧✐t ❛s✉♥❞❡r ✉❞❞❡rs ♦❢ ❦♥♦tt② ♦♥❡s✳
✷✳ ❍❡ s❧❛②❡❞ t❤❡ s♥❛❦❡ ❝❧✐♥❣✐♥❣ t♦ ❛ ❦♥♦tt② ♦♥❡✳
Tvas..t.r ❤❛s ❢❛s❤✐♦♥❡❞ ❢♦r ❤✐♠ r♦❛r✐♥❣ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✳
▲✐❦❡ ❧♦✇✐♥❣ ♠✐❧❝❤✲❝♦✇s✱ t❤❡ ✇❛t❡rs✱ ♣♦✉r✐♥❣ ❢♦rt❤✱
❞❡s❝❡♥❞❡❞ ❞✐r❡❝t❧② t♦ t❤❡ s❡❛ ✳
✶
✸✳ ❆❝t✐♥❣ ❧✐❦❡ ❛ ❜✉❧❧✱ ❤❡ ❝❤♦s❡ Soma✳
❉✉r✐♥❣ ✏t❤r❡❡✲❤♦✇❧s✑ ❤❡ ❞r❛♥❦ t❤❡ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❬Soma❪✳
●❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡ t♦♦❦ r❡❛❞②✲t♦✲❜❡✲❞✐s❝❤❛r❣❡❞ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✱
❤❡ s❧❛②❡❞ t❤❛t ✜rst✲❜♦r♥ ♦❢ s♥❛❦❡s✳
✹✳ ❲❤❡♥ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ s❧❛②❡❞ t❤❡ ✜rst✲❜♦r♥ ♦❢ s♥❛❦❡s✱
t❤❡♥ t❤♦✉ ❛❧s♦ ❢r✉str❛t❡❞ ♣♦✇❡rs t♦ ❝♦♥✜❣✉r❡
♦❢ t❤♦s❡ t❤❛t ❤❛✈❡ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝♦♥✜❣✉r❡
❬t❤♦✉❣❤ts ❛♥❞ ♣❡r❝❡♣t✐♦♥s❪
✷
❡♥❣❡♥❞❡r✐♥❣ ❛❢t❡r✇❛r❞s t❤❡ s✉♥ ✱ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥✱ ❞❛✇♥s✳
❋r♦♠ t❤❛t t✐♠❡ t❤♦✉ ❞♦ ♥♦t r❡❛❧❧② s❡❡❦ t♦ ✜♥❞ ❛♥ ❡♥❡♠②✳
✺✳ Indra s❧❛②❡❞ ❛ ♠♦r❡✲♦❜str✉❝t✐♥❣ ❤❛✈✐♥❣✲♥♦✲s❤♦✉❧❞❡r❜❧❛❞❡s Vr.tra
✇✐t❤ ❛ ♠✐❣❤t② ❞❡❛❞❧② ✇❡❛♣♦♥✱ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✳
▲✐❦❡ tr❡❡✲st❡♠s ❝✉t ♦✛ ✇✐t❤ ❛ ❤❛t❝❤❡t✱
t❤❡ s♥❛❦❡ r❡♣♦s❡s✱ ❤♦❧❞✐♥❣ ❢❛st t♦ t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤✳
✻✳ ❙✐♥❝❡ ❧✐❦❡ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❢♦♦❧✐s❤ ♣r✐❞❡ ♥♦♥✲✇❛rr✐♦r✱ ❤❡ ❤❛s ❝❤❛❧❧❡♥❣❡❞
♠✉❝❤✲tr♦✉❜❧✐♥❣ ♠✐❣❤t② ❤❡r♦✱ ❛ ❞✐r❡❝t❧② ✐♠♣❛❝t✐♥❣ ♦♥❡✱
❤❡ ❤❛s ♥♦t ♣❛ss t❤r♦✉❣❤ ❝♦♥❝✉rr❡♥❝② ♦❢ ❬❤✐s❪ ❞❡❛❞❧② ✇❡❛♣♦♥s✳
❍❡✱ ❢♦r ✇❤♦♠ Indra ❬✇❛s❪ ❛♥ ❡♥❡♠②✱
❤❛s ♣♦✉♥❞❡❞ ♣❛✐♥s
✸ ❢♦r ❤✐♠s❡❧❢✳
✼✳ ▲❛❝❦✐♥❣ ❢❡❡t✱ ❧❛❝❦✐♥❣ ❤❛♥❞s✱ ❤❡ ❜❛tt❧❡❞ Indra✳
❍❡ ❤❛s ❤✐t ❤✐s t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t ♦✈❡r t❤❡ t♦♣ ✖
❛ ❣❡❧❞✐♥❣ ✇✐s❤✐♥❣ t♦ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ✇❡❧❧✲♠❛t❝❤❡❞ ♦♣♣♦♥❡♥t ♦❢ ❛ ❜✉❧❧✱
Vr.tra r❡♣♦s❡❞ s❝❛tt❡r❡❞ ✐♥ ♠❛♥② ♣❧❛❝❡s✳

✶ t❤❡ ❤❡❛rt ❝❛❦r❛

✷ manipūra ❝❛❦r❛
.
✸ s✐♥❝❡ ❛❝❤❡s ❛♥❞ ♣❛✐♥s ❛r❡ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❛t✐♦♥s ♦❢ t❤❡ s♥❛❦❡✬s ❛❝t✐✈❡ s✉♣♣r❡ss✐♦♥

♦❢ ✐♥♥❡r ❤❡❛❧✐♥❣ ✇❛t❡rs

✷✵✽

nadám . ná bhinnámamuyā´ śáyānam .

máno rúhān.ā áti yantyā´pah. |
yā´ścidvr.tró mahinā´ paryátis..that
tā´sāmáhih. patsutah.ś´ı̄rbabhūva || 8 ||

nı̄cā´vayā abhavadvr.tráputréndro
asyā áva vádharjabhāra |
úttarā sū´rádharah. putrá āsı̄d
dā´nuh. śaye sahávatsā ná dhenúh. || 9 ||

átis..thantı̄nāmaniveśanā´nām .
kā´.s.thānām
. mádhye nı́hitam . śárı̄ram |
vr.trásya nin.yám . vı́ carantyā´po
dı̄rghám . táma ´
ā śayadı́ndraśatruh. || 10 ||

dāsápatnı̄ráhigopā atis..than
nı́ruddhā ā´pah. pan.ı́neva gā´vah. |
apā´m
. bı́lamápihitam . yádā´sı̄d
vr.trám
. jaghanv ´
ā . ápa tádvavāra || 11 ||
m̃

áśvyo vā´ro abhavastádindra

sr.ké yáttvā pratyáhandevá ékah. |
ájayo gā´ ájayah. śūra sómam
ávāsr.jah. sártave saptá sı́ndhūn || 12 ||

nā´smai vidyúnná tanyatúh. sis.edha

ná yā´m
. mı́hamákiraddhrādúnim . ca |
ı́ndraśca yádyuyudhā´te áhiścotā´par´ı̄bhyo
maghávā vı́ jigye || 13 ||

áheryātā´ram. kámapaśya indra

hr.dı́ yátte jaghnús.o bh´ı̄rágachat |
náva ca yánnavatı́m . ca srávantı̄h.
śyenó ná bhı̄tó átaro rájām. si || 14 ||
 ✷✵✾

✽✳ ❙♣r✐♥❣✐♥❣ ✇❛t❡rs ♦✈❡r✢♦✇ ✖ ❧✐❦❡ ❛ s♣❧✐t r❡❡❞ ✖

t❤❡ ♠✐♥❞ t❤❛t ✐s ❧❛♥❣✉✐❞ t❤r♦✉❣❤ t❤❛t ✳
✹
❚❤❡ s♥❛❦❡ ❤❛s ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❧②✐♥❣ ❛t t❤❡ ❢❡❡t ♦❢ t❤♦s❡ ✈❡r② ❬✇❛t❡rs❪
✇❤✐❝❤ Vr.tra s✉rr♦✉♥❞❡❞ ❜② ❤✐s ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ✐♥❝r❡❛s❡ ✐♥ s✐③❡✳
✾✳ ❙❤❡✱ ✇❤♦s❡ s♦♥ ✐s Vr.tra✱ ❜❡❝❛♠❡ ❧♦✇
♦♥ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❛♥❞ ❜♦❞✐❧② ✈✐❣♦✉r✱
Indra ❜r♦✉❣❤t ❞♦✇♥ ❤❡r ❞❡str✉❝t✐✈❡ ✇❡❛♣♦♥ ✳
✺
❚❤❡ ♠♦t❤❡r ❬✐s❪ s✉♣❡r✐♦r✱ t❤❡ s♦♥ ✇❛s ✐♥❢❡r✐♦r✳
Dānu✻ r❡♣♦s❡s ❧✐❦❡ ❛ ♠✐❧❝❤✲❝♦✇ t❤❛t ✐s ✇✐t❤ ❛ ❝❛❧❢✳
✶✵✳ ❚❤❡ ✇❛t❡rs r♦❛♠ t❤❡ ❤✐❞❞❡♥ ❜♦❞② ♦❢ Vr.tra t❤❛t ✇❛s ❞❡♣♦s✐t❡❞
✐♥ t❤❡ ♠✐❞st ♦❢ ❛✛♦r❞✐♥❣✲♥♦✲♣❧❛❝❡✲♦❢✲r❡st
❧❛❝❦✐♥❣✲❛♥②t❤✐♥❣✲st✐❧❧ ✏r❛❝❡tr❛❝❦s✑ ✳
✼
❍❡✱ ❢♦r ✇❤♦♠ Indra ❬✐s❪ ❛♥ ❡♥❡♠②✱
❧❡❛♥❡❞ ❛❣❛✐♥st t❤❡ ❞❡❡♣ ❞❛r❦♥❡ss✳
✶✶✳ ❍❛✈✐♥❣ ❞❡♠♦♥ ❢♦r ❛ ❤✉s❜❛♥❞✱ t❤❡ s♥❛❦❡ ❢♦r ❛ ❤❡r❞s♠❛♥ ✇❛t❡rs
r❡♠❛✐♥❡❞ ❝♦♥✜♥❡❞ ❧✐❦❡ ❝♦✇s ❜② ❛ ♥✐❣❣❛r❞✳
❚❤❛t ❛♣❡rt✉r❡ ♦❢ ✇❛t❡rs ✇❤✐❝❤ ✇❛s ❝♦♥❝❡❛❧❡❞
❤❡✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ str✉❝❦ Vr.tra✱ ❤❛s ✉♥❝♦✈❡r❡❞✳
✶✷✳ ❚❤♦✉ ❞✐❞ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❝♦♥s✐st✐♥❣✲♦❢✲❤♦rs❡s tr❡❛s✉r❡✱ ❖ Indra✱
❛t t❤❛t t✐♠❡ ✇❤❡♥ ❤❡ ❞✐❞ str✐❦❡ t❤❡❡ ❜❛❝❦ ❛t t❤❡ s♣❡❛r✳
❇❡✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♦♥❧② deva✱
t❤♦✉ ✇♦♥ ❝♦✇s✱ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱ ✇♦♥ Soma✱
t❤♦✉ ✉♥❧❡❛s❤❡❞ t❤❡ s❡✈❡♥ r✐✈❡rs t♦ ✢♦✇✳
✶✸✳ ◆❡✐t❤❡r ❧✐❣❤t♥✐♥❣ ♥♦t t❤✉♥❞❡r ✇❡r❡ s✉❝❝❡ss❢✉❧ ❢♦r ❤✐♠✱
♥❡✐t❤❡r t❤❡ ❢♦❣ ✇❤✐❝❤ ❤❡ s❝❛tt❡r❡❞✱ ♥♦r t❤❡ r❛tt❧✐♥❣✱
✇❤❡♥ Indra ❛♥❞ t❤❡ s♥❛❦❡ ✇❛❣❡❞ ✇❛r✱
❛♥❞ t❤❡ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡ ✇❛s ✈✐❝t♦r✐♦✉s ❢♦r ❛❧❧ ♥♦t❬✲②❡t❪✲❛r♦✉♥❞✳
✶✹✳ ❲❤❛t ❝♦♠✐♥❣ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ s♥❛❦❡ ❞✐❞ t❤♦✉ s❡❡✱ ❖ Indra✱
✇❤❡♥ ❛♥ ❛♣♣r❡❤❡♥s✐♦♥ ♠♦✈❡❞ ✐♥t♦ t❤②✱
✇❤♦ ❤❛s s❧❛②❡❞ ❬t❤❡ s♥❛❦❡❪✱ ❤❡❛rt✱
❛♥❞ ✇❤❡♥ t❤♦✉ ❞✐❞ ❝r♦ss ♦✈❡r ♥✐♥❡t② ❛♥❞ ♥✐♥❡ ✢♦✇✐♥❣ ❬str❡❛♠s❪
❧✐❦❡ ❛ ❢r✐❣❤t❡♥❡❞ ❤❛✇❦ ♦✈❡r ❛✐r② r❡❛❧♠s❄

✹ dānu ❂ ♣❡r♠✐ss✐✈❡♥❡ss
✺ ♣r♦❜✳ ❝❛r❡❧❡ss♥❡ss✱ ❤❡❡❞❧❡ss ❧✐❜❡r❛❧✐t②
✻ ♣❡r♠✐ss✐✈❡♥❡ss❀ ❛✈♦✐❞✐♥❣ ❛ ❝❤❛❧❧❡♥❣❡❀
✼ ♣r♦❜✳ ✈❡✐♥s ♦r nādı̄✲s ♦❢ t❤❡ s✉❜t❧❡ ❜♦❞②
.
✷✶✵

ı́ndro yātó ′vasitasya rā´jā

śámasya ca śr.ṅgı́n.o vájrabāhuh. |
sédu rā´jā ks.ayati cars.an.ı̄nā´m
arā´nná nemı́h. pári tā´ babhūva || 15 ||
 ✷✶✶

✶✺✳ Indra ❬❜❡❝♦♠❡s❪ t❤❡ ❝❤✐❡❢ ♦❢ ❛ ✈❛❣r❛♥t ❬♠❛♥❪

❬❛♥❞❪ ♦❢ r❡s✐❞✐♥❣ ❬✐♥ ♦♥❡ ♣❧❛❝❡❪ ❬♦♥❡❪✱
♦❢ ❛❜s❡♥❝❡ ♦❢ ♣❛ss✐♦♥ ❛♥❞ ♦❢ ❤♦r♥②♥❡ss ✖
❬❤❡✱❪ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲✐♥✲❛r♠s✳
❏✉st ❤❡✱ t❤❡ ❝❤✐❡❢✱ ❤❛s ♣♦✇❡r ♦✈❡r t❤♦s❡
t❤❛t ❞r❛✇ t♦ t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s ✱ ✽
❤❡ ❤❛s ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❛r♦✉♥❞ t❤♦s❡ ❧✐❦❡ ❢❡❧❧② ❛r♦✉♥❞ s♣♦❦❡s✳

❚❤✐s ❤②♠♥ s♦✉♥❞s ❧✐❦❡ ❛ ♠✐♥✐✲❧❡❝t✉r❡ ♦♥ ♦r✐❣✐♥✱ ❛❝t✐✈✐t✐❡s ♦❢ t❤❡ s♥❛❦❡

✭ahi✮✱ ♦❢ Vr.tra✱ t❤❡✐r ✜❣❤ts ✇✐t❤ Indra✱ ❛♥❞ ❝♦♥s❡q✉❡♥❝❡s ♦❢ Indra✬s ✈✐❝✲
t♦r②✳ ■t ❣♦❡s ♦✈❡r t❤❡ s❛♠❡ ❡✈❡♥ts ♦✈❡r ❛♥❞ ♦✈❡r✱ ❛❞❞✐♥❣ ♥❡✇ ❞❡t❛✐❧s✳
Vr.tra ✐s ❜♦r♥ ❜② Dānu✳ Dānu ✐♥ ❣❡♥❡r❛❧ ♠❡❛♥s s♦♠❡t❤✐♥❣ ❧✐❦❡ ✏❧✐❜✲
❡r❛❧✐t②✑ ✖ t❤❛t q✉❛❧✐t② t❤❛t ✐s ❝♦♥❞✉❝✐✈❡ t♦ ❣✐✈✐♥❣✳ ■♥ t❤❡ ❝♦♥t❡①t ♦❢
Vr.tra✬s ♦r✐❣✐♥✱ ✐t ♠❡❛♥s s♦♠❡t❤✐♥❣ ❝❧♦s❡r t♦ ♣❡r♠✐ss✐✈❡♥❡ss t♦✇❛r❞s ❝❤❛❧✲
❧❡♥❣❡s✱ ❜❡✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❧❛✐❞✲❜❛❝❦ st❛t❡✱ r❡❧❛①✐♥❣ ❛❢t❡r ❛ ❣r❡❛t ❡✛♦rt✳ ■t ✐s ♥❡❡❞❡❞
t♦ r❡❣r♦✉♣✱ t♦ ❤❡❛❧✱ t♦ r❡st♦r❡ str❡♥❣t❤s✱ ❜✉t ♠✐❣❤t r❡s✉❧t ✐♥ ❢♦r♠✐♥❣ ❛
❞❡❢❡♥s✐✈❡ ♠❡❝❤❛♥✐s♠s ✐♥ ❜♦t❤ t❤❡ ❜♦❞② ❛♥❞ ✐♥ t❤❡ ♠✐♥❞✳ ■♥ t❤❡ ❜♦❞②
✐t ♠❛♥✐❢❡sts ❛s ✉tt❡r t✐r❡❞♥❡ss✱ s✉r❢❛❝✐♥❣ ♣❛✐♥s✱ ❛❝❤❡s✱ s♦r❡♥❡ss❀ ✐♥ t❤❡
♠✐♥❞ ❛s ❛♥ ❛tt✐t✉❞❡ ✏■ ❞♦ ♥♦t ✇❛♥t t♦ ❞❡❛❧ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡s❡ ✐ss✉❡s ♥♦✇✑✱ ❛s ✐❢
❝❧♦s✐♥❣ ♦♥❡✬s ❡②❡s ♦♥ s♦♠❡t❤✐♥❣ ♣r❡s❡♥t✱ ❛s ❛tt❡♠♣ts t♦ ❛✈♦✐❞ ♣❡r❝❡✐✈✐♥❣
t❤✐♥❣s t❤❛t ❛r❡ ❝❤❛❧❧❡♥❣✐♥❣ t♦ ❛❝t ❛❣❛✐♥✳ ❚❤❡s❡ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❛t✐♦♥s✱ ✐❢ ❛♥
❡①❤❛✉st✐♦♥ ✭✏❜❡✐♥❣ ❧♦✇ ♦♥ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❛♥❞ ❜♦❞✐❧② ✈✐❣♦✉r✑ ✖ ✈❡rs❡ ✾✮ s❡ts ✐♥✱
♠✐❣❤t ❝♦❛❧❡s❝❡ ✐♥t♦ ❛ st❛❜❧❡ ❝♦♦r❞✐♥❛t❡❞ ♣❛tt❡r♥ ♦❢ ❜❡❤❛✈✐♦r ❛♥❞ ♦❢ ✐♥♥❡r
r❡❣✉❧❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ t❤♦✉❣❤ts✱ ❤♦r♠♦♥❡s ✭s♦♠❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ✐♥♥❡r ✇❛t❡rs✮✱ ❡t❝✳ ❙✉❝❤
st❛❜❧❡ ♣❛tt❡r♥ ✇♦✉❧❞ ❜❡ ❛ Vr.tra✳ ❲❤✐❧❡ Dānu ♣❡r s❡ ✐s ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧✱ ❛♥❞
Vr.tra ✐s ❤❛r♠❢✉❧ ❛♥❞ ✐s ❝❛❧❧❡❞ ✏✐♥❢❡r✐♦r✑✳ Indra ✐s
t❤✉s ✐s ❝❛❧❧❡❞ ✏s✉♣❡r✐♦r✑✱
✇❤❛t ❞✐st✉r❜s t❤❡ r✉❧❡✱ ♦r ❞♦♠✐♥❛♥❝❡✱ ♦❢ Vr . tra ♦✈❡r ♦♥❡✬s ❜❡✐♥❣✱ Indra ✐s
❛♥ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱ ❛ ✏♠✉❝❤✲tr♦✉❜❧✐♥❣ ♦♥❡✑✳ ■❢ Indra✱ ✉s✐♥❣ Soma t♦ ❛t✲
t❛✐♥ ❝❧❡❛r ✈✐s✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣ t❤❛t ✐s ❣♦✐♥❣ ✐♥s✐❞❡ ♦♥❡✬s ❜♦❞② ❛♥❞ ♠✐♥❞✱
♦✈❡r❝♦♠❡s Vr.tra✱ ♦♥❡ ❤❛s t♦ ❢❛❝❡ t❤❛t ❞r❡❛❞✱ t❤❛t ✇❤✐❝❤ s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡
❜❡❡♥ ❛✈♦✐❞❡❞ ♦♥❧② ❢♦r ❛ s❤♦rt t✐♠❡ ✐♥ ♦r❞❡r t♦ ❣❛t❤❡r str❡♥❣t❤✱ ❜✉t ✇❛s
s✉♣♣r❡ss❡❞ ❢♦r ❛ ❧♦♥❣ t✐♠❡ ❜② ✈❛r✐♦✉s ❡✛♦rts ♦❢ Vr.tra❀ ✈❡rs❡ ✶✹ ✐♥str✉❝ts
Indra✱ t♦ ❜❡❤♦❧❞ t❤❛t ❞r❡❛❞❢✉❧
♦♥❡✱ ✇❤♦ ❥✉st ✇❛s ♦r st✐❧❧ ✐s ✐♥ t❤❡ st❛t❡ ♦❢
✈✐s✐♦♥✳ ❱❡rs❡ ✶✺ ♠❡♥t✐♦♥s ❧♦♥❣✲t❡r♠ ❝♦♥s❡q✉❡♥❝❡s ♦❢ Indra✬s ✈✐❝t♦r② ✖
❝♦♥tr♦❧ ❛♥❞ s✉♣❡r✈✐s✐♦♥ ❜② Indra✱ ♥♦t ❜② Dānu ♦r Vr. tra✱ ♦✈❡r s❡♥s❛t✐♦♥s
❛♥❞ ✈❛r✐♦✉s ♠♦❞❡s ♦❢ ❜❡✐♥❣✳

✽ t❤❡ s❡♥s❡s
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✳✸✸

Hiran.yastūpa Āṅgirasa | Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra

étā´yāmópa gavyánta ı́ndram

asmā´kam . sú prámatim . vāvr.dhāti |
anāmr.n.áh. kuvı́dā´dasyá
rāyó gávām. kétam . páramāvárjate nah. || 1 ||

úpédahám . dhanadā´mápratı̄tam .
jús..tām
. ná . patāmi |
śyenó vasatı́m
ı́ndram . namasyánnupamébhirarkaır ´
yá stotŕ.bhyo hávyo ásti yā´man || 2 ||

nı́ sárvasena is.udh´ı̄m̃

. rasakta
sámaryó gā´ ajati yásya vás..ti |
cos.kūyámān.a indra bhū´ri vāmám .
mā´ pan.ı́rbhūrasmádádhi pravr.ddha || 3 ||

vádhı̄rhı́ dásyum
. dhanı́nam . ghanénam̃ .
ékaścárannupaśākébhirindra |
dhánorádhi vis.un.ákté vyāyann
áyajvānah. sanakā´h. prétimı̄yuh. || 4 ||

párā cichı̄rs.ā´ vavr.justá indrā´yajvāno

yájvabhi spárdhamānāh. |
prá yáddivó hariva sthātarugra
nı́ravratā´m̃
. adhamo ródasyoh. || 5 ||

áyuyutsannanavadyásya sénām
áyātayanta ks.itáyo návagvāh. |
vr..sāyúdho ná vádhrayo nı́ras..tāh.
pravádbhirı́ndrāccitáyanta āyan || 6 ||
 ✷✶✸

✶✳ ❉♦ ②❡ ♠♦✈❡ ❤❡r❡✦ ▲❡t ✉s✱ ❡♠♣❧♦②✐♥❣ ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s✱

❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤ Indra✱
s♦ t❤❛t ❤❡ ✇♦✉❧❞ ❡❛s✐❧② str❡♥❣t❤❡♥ ♦✉r ♣r✐♠✐♥❣ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❣❡st✉r❡✳
❇❛rr✐♥❣ ❝♦❧❧❛♣s❡✱ ✇♦✉❧❞ ❤❡ t❤❡♥ ❜❡st♦✇ ✉♣♦♥ ✉s
❢✉t✉r❡ ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡✲❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s✲s✐❣♥ ♦❢ ❤✐s tr❡❛s✉r❡❄
✷✳ ▲✐❦❡ ❛ ❤❛✇❦ ❤✐s ❢r❡q✉❡♥t❡❞ ♥❡st✱ ❥✉st ❢♦r s✉❝❝♦r
■ ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤ ❣✐✈✐♥❣✲s♣♦✐❧s ♥♦t✲❝♦✉♥t❡r❜❛❧❛♥❝❡❞ ♦♥❡ ✖
Indra ✖ ♣❛②✐♥❣ ❤♦♠❛❣❡ ✇✐t❤ ❜❡st ❤②♠♥s ♦❢ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t✐♦♥
❬❤✐♠✱❪ ✇❤♦ ❢♦r ♣r❛✐s❡rs✬ s❛❦❡ ✐s t♦ ❜❡ ❝❛❧❧❡❞ ✉♣♦♥
❞✉r✐♥❣ ❛ ❥♦✉r♥❡②✳
✖✖
✸✳ ❬❇❡✐♥❣❪ ❛s ❛♥ ❡♥t✐r❡ ❛r♠②✱ ❤❡ ❤❛s ♣✉t ♦♥ q✉✐✈❡rs✱
❤❡ ❞r✐✈❡s t♦❣❡t❤❡r t❤❡ ❝♦✇s ♦❢ r✐s✐♥❣ ✉♣✇❛r❞s ♦♥❡
✶ ✷
✇❤♦s❡ ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥t ❧♦✈❡❧② ❬tr❡❛s✉r❡❪ ❤❡✱ ❖ Indra✱
❜❡✐♥❣ ♣♦❦❡❞ ❛t ❛❣❛✐♥ ❛♥❞ ❛❣❛✐♥✱ ✇✐❧❧s✳
❉♦ ♥♦t ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❛ ♠✐s❡r✱ ❖ ❬t❤♦✉✱❪
❬✇❤♦ ❛r❡❪ ✐♥t❡♥s❡ ❢r♦♠ ♦✉r ♣r❡s❡♥❝❡✦
✹✳ ❙✐♥❝❡ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ r♦❛♠✐♥❣ ❛❜♦✉t ❛❧♦♥❡ ✇✐t❤ ❡♥❛❜❧✐♥❣ ❤❡❧♣❡rs✱
❬t❤♦✉❪ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ str✐❦❡✲❢♦r❝❡ s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ ❞❡str♦②❡❞
♣♦ss❡ss✐♥❣✲t❤❡✲♣r✐③❡ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡ t♦ s✉✛❡r ✇❛♥t✱
❢r♦♠ ❬♠❡r❡❪ ♣r❡s❡♥❝❡ ♦❢ ❬t❤②❪ ❜♦✇
t❤❡② ❞✐s♣❡rs❡❞ ✐♥ ✈❛r✐♦✉s ❞✐r❡❝t✐♦♥s✱
✸
♥♦t✲❜❡✐♥❣✲❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞✲❜②✲❛✲s❛❝r✐✜❝❡ ♦❧❞❬✲t✐♠❡rs❪
❤❛✈❡ t❛❦❡♥ t♦ ✢✐❣❤t✳
✺✳ ❊✈❡♥ ❢❛r ❛✇❛②✱ t❤❡② ❤❛✈❡ ❜❡♥t ❬t❤❡✐r❪ ❤❡❛❞s✱ ❖ Indra✱
t❤❡②✱ ♥♦t✲❜❡✐♥❣✲❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞✲❜②✲❛✲s❛❝r✐✜❝❡✱
✈②✐♥❣ ✇✐t❤ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞✲❜②✲❛✲s❛❝r✐✜❝❡ ♦♥❡s✳
❲❤❡♥ ❬t❤♦✉ ❝❛♠❡❪ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥✱
❖ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞✲❜②✲t❛✇♥②✲♦♥❡s ❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s ❞r✐✈❡r✱
t❤♦✉ ❞✐❞ ❜❧♦✇ ✉♥❝♦♥str❛✐♥❡❞ ♦♥❡s ♦✉t ♦❢ ❬❜♦t❤❪ Rodas✲❡s✳
✻✳ Navagva✲tr✐❜❡s s♦✉❣❤t t♦ ✜❣❤t
t❤❡ ❛r♠② ♦❢ t❤❡ ✢❛✇❧❡ss ♦♥❡✱ t❤❡② ❛rr❛②❡❞ t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s✳
❆s ✐❢ ❞❡♣r✐✈❡❞ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r ❣❡❧❞✐♥❣s ❬✇❡r❡❪ ✜❣❤t✐♥❣ ❛ ❜✉❧❧✱
t❤❡② ✇❡♥t ✇✐t❤ ❜❡✐♥❣✲♠❛❞❡✲t♦✲❛tt❡♥❞ ♦♥❡s ❞♦✇♥❤✐❧❧ ❢r♦♠ Indra✳

✶ ❤❡r❡ ❂ ✏❡♥❡r❣② ✢♦✇s t❤r♦✉❣❤ ✈❛r✐♦✉s ❝❛❦r❛s ✇❤✐❝❤ s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡ ❜r♦✉❣❤t t♦✲
❣❡t❤❡r ❛s ♦♥❡ str❡❛♠✑
✷ t❤❡ ✐♥♥❡r Soma
✸ ♣r♦❜✳ ✈❛r✐♦✉s ❤❛❜✐ts ♣r♦t❡❝t✐♥❣ ♦♥❡✬s ❡❣♦ ✖ kalā✲s
✷✶✹

tvámetā´nrudató jáks.ataścā´
yodhayo rájasa indra pāré |
ávādaho divá ā´ dásyumuccā´
prá sunvatá stuvatáh. śám. samāvah. || 7 ||

cakrān.ā´sah. parı̄n.áham
. pr.thivyā´
hı́ran.yena man.ı́nā śúmbhamānāh. |
ná hinvānā´sastitirustá ı́ndram .
pári spáśo adadhātsū´ryen.a || 8 ||

pári yádindra ródası̄ ubhé

ábubhojı̄rmahinā´ viśvátah. sı̄m |
ámanyamānām̃. abhı́ mányamānair
nı́rbrahmábhiradhamo dásyumindra || 9 ||

ná yé diváh. pr.thivyā´ ántamāpúr

ná māyā´bhirdhanadā´m . paryábhūvan |
yújam. vájram vr
. .. s abháścakra
ı́ndro nı́rjyótis.ā támaso gā´ aduks.at || 10 ||

ánu svadhā´maks.arannā´po asyā´vardhata

mádhya ā´ nāvyā`nām |
sadhrı̄c´ı̄nena mánasā támı́ndra
ójis..thena hánmanāhannabhı́ dyū´n || 11 ||

nyā`vidhyadilı̄bı́śasya dr...dhā´
vı́ śr.ṅgı́n.amabhinachús.n.amı́ndrah. |
yā´vattáro maghavanyā´vadójo
vájren.a śátrumavadhı̄h. pr.tanyúm || 12 ||

abhı́ sidhmó ajigādasya śátrūn

vı́ tigména vr..sabhén.ā púro ′bhet |
sám. vájren.āsr.jadvr.trámı́ndrah.
prá svā´m
. matı́matirachā´śadānah. || 13 ||
 ✷✶✺

✼✳ ❚❤♦s❡ ❧❛♠❡♥t✐♥❣ ❛♥❞ ♠♦❝❦✐♥❣✱ ❖ Indra✱ t❤♦✉ ♠❛❞❡ t♦ ✜❣❤t

♦♥ t❤❡ ♦♣♣♦s✐t❡ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ r❡❣✐♦♥ ❬♦❢ ✐♠♣❛rt✐❛❧✐t②❪ s✐❞❡✳
❋r♦♠ ❛❜♦✈❡ ✱ ✇✐t❤ ❤❡❛t✱ t❤♦✉ ❡①♣❡❧❧❡❞ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥
✹
t❤❡ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡ t♦ s✉✛❡r ✇❛♥t✱
t❤♦✉ ♣r♦♠♦t❡❞ r❡❝✐t❛t✐♦♥
♦❢ ♣r❡ss✐♥❣ ❬Soma❪ ♣r❛✐s✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡❡❪ ❬s❛❝r✐✜❝❡r❪ ✳ ✺
✽✳ ❚❤♦s❡ ✇❤♦ ❤❛✈❡ ♠❛❞❡ ❡♥❝❧♦s✉r❡ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤✱
r❡✐♥❢♦r❝✐♥❣ t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ❣♦❧❞❡♥ ❥❡✇❡❧ ✱ ✻
✉r❣✐♥❣ t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s ♦♥✱ t❤❡② ❤❛✈❡ ♥♦t s✉r♣❛ss❡❞ Indra ✖
❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ t❤❡ s✉♥ ❤❡ ♣❧❛❝❡❞ ❛r♦✉♥❞ s❝♦✉ts✳
✼
✾✳ ❲❤❡♥ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❜② ❬t❤②❪ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ✐♥❝r❡❛s❡ ✐♥ s✐③❡
❡♥❝♦♠♣❛ss❡❞ ❜♦t❤ Rodas✲❡s✱ ❢r♦♠ ❛❧❧ s✐❞❡s t❤❛t ✐s✱
❖ Indra✱ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t♦rs✱
t❤♦✉ ❜❧❛st❡❞ ♦✉t ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ t❤♦s❡ ♦❜s❡r✈❡❞
t❤❡ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡ t♦ s✉✛❡r ✇❛♥t
t♦✇❛r❞s t❤♦s❡ t❤❛t ❛r❡ ♥♦t ❜❡✐♥❣ ♦❜s❡r✈❡❞✱
✽
✶✵✳ ❬t❤♦s❡❪ t❤❛t ♥❡✐t❤❡r ♦✈❡rt♦♦❦
t❤❡ ✐♥s✐❞❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥✱ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤✱
♥♦r ❞✐❞ s✉rr♦✉♥❞ ❣✐✈✐♥❣✲s♣♦✐❧s ♦♥❡
✇✐t❤ ❞❡❝❡✐t❢✉❧ ❬st❛t❡s ♦❢ ♠✐♥❞❪✳
❍❡ ✇❤♦ r❡s❡♠❜❧❡s ❛ ❜✉❧❧ ❤❛s ❤❛r♥❡ss❡❞ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t ✖
✇✐t❤ ❬✐ts❪ ❧✐❣❤t Indra ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❝♦✇s ❢r♦♠ ❞❛r❦♥❡ss✳
✾
❲✐t❤ t❤❡ ♠✐♥❞ ❞✐r❡❝t❡❞ t♦ ♦♥❡ ❣♦❛❧✱ ♦✈❡r ❬s❡✈❡r❛❧❪ ❞❛②s
Indra s❧❛②❡❞ ❤✐♠
✉s✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♠♦st ✈✐❣♦r♦✉s str✐❦❡ t❤❛t ❦❡❡♣s str✐❦✐♥❣✳
✶✷✳ Indra ♣✐♥♥❡❞ ❞♦✇♥ str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞s ♦❢ Ilı̄biśa✱
❤❡ s♣❧✐t ❛s✉♥❞❡r ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❤♦r♥s Śus.n.a✳
❲✐t❤ t❤❡ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t t❤♦✉ ✈❛♥q✉✐s❤❡❞ ❛tt❛❝❦✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡❡❪
❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❛s ♠✉❝❤ ❡✣❝❛❝②✱ ❛s ♠✉❝❤ ✈✐❣♦✉r ❡♥❡♠②✳
✶✸✳ ●♦✐♥❣✲str❛✐❣❤t✲t♦✲t❤❡✲❣♦❛❧✱ ❤❡ ❤❛s ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤❡❞ ❤✐s ❡♥❡♠✐❡s✱
✇✐t❤ s❤❛r♣ r❡s❡♠❜❧✐♥❣✲❛✲❜✉❧❧ ❬✇❡❛♣♦♥❪ ❤❡ ❜r♦❦❡ ✇❛❧❧s ✐♥t♦ ♣✐❡❝❡s✳
❇② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❛ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t Indra ❝❛♠❡ ✐♥t♦ ❝♦♥t❛❝t ✇✐t❤ Vrtra✱
❤❡ ♣r♦❧♦♥❣❡❞ ❤✐s ♦✇♥ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❣❡st✉r❡ ❬t❤✉s❪ ♣r❡✈❛✐❧✐♥❣✳ .

✹ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ❤✐❣❤❡st ❢♦♦tst❡♣ ♦❢ Visnu

..
✺ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✻✳✻✵✳✶✺❜
✻ ♣r♦❜✳ mūlādhāra ❝❛❦r❛
✼ manipūra ❝❛❦r❛
.
✽ ✏t❤♦s❡✑ ❤❡r❡ ❛♥❞ ✐♥ ✶✵✕✶✸✱ ✏❤❡✑ ✐♥ ✶✶ r❡❢❡rs t♦ ✐♥♥❡r ❞❡♠♦♥s
✾ ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s
✷✶✻

ā´vah. kútsamindra yásmiñcākán

prā´vo yúdhyantam . dáśadyum |
. vr..sabhám
śaphácyuto ren.úrnaks.ata dyā´m
úchvaitreyó nr..sā´hyāya tasthau || 14 ||

ā´vah. śámam
. vr..sabhám. túgryāsu
ks.etrajes.é maghavañchvı́tryam . gā´m |
´
jyókcidátra tasthivām . so akrañ
chatrūyatā´mádharā védanākah. || 15 ||
 ✷✶✼

✶✹✳ ❚❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❤❡❧♣❡❞ Kutsa ✐♥ ✇❤❛t ❤❡ t♦♦❦ ♣❧❡❛s✉r❡✱

t❤♦✉ ❢❛✈♦✉r❡❞ ✜❣❤t✐♥❣ r❡s❡♠❜❧✐♥❣ ❛ ❜✉❧❧ Daśadyu✳
❘❛✐s❡❞ ❜② ❤♦♦❢s ❞✉st s❤❛❧❧ r❡❛❝❤ t❤❡ s❦② ✖
Śvaitreya ❤❛s r❡♠❛✐♥❡❞ ❛❜♦✈❡ t♦ ♣r❡✈❛✐❧ ♦✈❡r ♠❡♥✳
✶✺✳ ❚❤♦✉ ❤❡❧♣❡❞ t♦ ❝❛❧♠ r❡s❡♠❜❧✐♥❣ ❛ ❜✉❧❧ ♦♥❡ ♠✐❞st Tugrya✲s ✖
t❤❡ ✇❤✐t❡ ❜✉❧❧ ✖ ✐♥ ❝♦♥t❡st ❢♦r ❧❛♥❞✱ ❖ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡✦
❆❧s♦✱ t❤♦s❡ t❤❛t ❤❛✈❡ r❡♠❛✐♥❡❞ ✐♥ t❤✐s ♣❧❛❝❡ ❢♦r ❛ ✇❤✐❧❡ ✖
t❤♦✉ ♠❛❞❡ ♣❡r❝❡♣t✐♦♥s ♦❢ t❤♦s❡ ✇❤♦ s❤♦✇ ❤♦st✐❧✐t② ✐♥❢❡r✐♦r✳
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✳✺✶

Savya Āṅgirasa | ✶✕✶✸ Jagatı̄✱ ✶✹✕✶✺ Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra

abhı́ tyám. mes.ám . puruhūtámr.gmı́yam

ı́ndram. gı̄rbhı́rmadatā vásvo arn.avám |
yásya dyā´vo ná vicáranti mā´nus.ā
bhujé mám . his..thamabhı́ vı́pramarcata || 1 ||

abh´ı̄mavanvansvabhis..tı́mūtáyo ′ntariks.aprā´m.
távis.ı̄bhirā´vr.tam |
ı́ndram . dáks.āsa .rbhávo madacyútam .
śatákratum . jávanı̄ sūnŕ.tā´ruhat || 2 ||

. gotrámáṅgirobhyo vr.n.orápotā´traye
′
tvám
śatádures.u gātuvı́t |
saséna cidvimadā´yāvaho vásvājā´vádrim.
vāvasānásya nartáyan || 3 ||

tvámapā´mapidhā´nāvr.n.orápā´dhārayah.
párvate dā´numadvásu |
vr.trám . yádindra śávasā´vadhı̄ráhim
ā´dı́tsū´ryam. divyā´rohayo dr.śé || 4 ||

. māyā´bhirápa māyı́no dhamah.

′
tvám
svadhā´bhiryé ádhi śúptāvájuhvata |
. pı́prornr.man.ah. prā´rujah. púrah.
tvám
. dasyuhátyes.vāvitha || 5 ||
prá .rjı́śvānam

. śus.n.ahátyes.vāvithā´randhayo tithigvā´ya
′
tvám. kútsam
śámbaram |
mahā´ntam . cidarbudám . nı́ kramı̄h. padā´
sanā´devá dasyuhátyāya jajñis.e || 6 ||
 ✷✶✾

✶✳ ❨❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❣❧❛❞❞❡♥ ✇✐t❤ ❝❤❛♥ts

t❤❛t ♠✉❝❤✲✐♥✈♦❦❡❞ t♦✲❜❡✲♣r❛✐s❡❞✲✐♥✲✈❡rs❡s r❛♠ ✖
Indra✱ t❤❡ ✢♦♦❞ ♦❢ ✇❤❛t✬s ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧✱
❬❤✐♠✱❪ ✇❤♦s❡ ❤✉♠❛♥s ♠♦✈❡ ❧✐❦❡ ❞❛②s ✖
✐♥ ❞✐✛❡r❡♥t ❞✐r❡❝t✐♦♥s✱
②❡ s❤❛❧❧ ♣r❛✐s❡ ✐♥ ✈❡rs❡ t❤❡ ✐♥s♣✐r❡❞ ♦♥❡
t♦ ♠❛❦❡ ✉s❡ ♦❢ ❬❤✐♠✱❪ t❤❡ ♠♦st ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡✳
✷✳ ❙✐❞❡✲❡✛❡❝ts ♠❛❦❡ ♦♥❡ r❡❛❞② ❢♦r t❤❡ ❤❡❧♣❢✉❧ ♦♥❡✱
❢♦r ✜❧❧✐♥❣✲t❤❡✲✐♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ s♣❛❝❡ ♦♥❡✱
❢♦r s✉rr♦✉♥❞❡❞ ❜② ♣♦✇❡rs t♦ ❝♦♥tr♦❧ ♦♥❡✳
❉✐s❝❡r♥✐♥❣ ❬❛♥❞❪ s❦✐❧❧❢✉❧ ♦♥❡s ❬♠❛❞❡ t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s r❡❛❞②❪
❢♦r r❡❡❧✐♥❣ ✇✐t❤ ❡①❝✐t❡♠❡♥t Indra✳
❙✇✐❢t ✇❡❧❧✲✜tt✐♥❣ ❬❤✐♠❪ ❬Pr
. śni❪
❛s❝❡♥❞❡❞ t♦ ❤❛✈✐♥❣✲❤✉♥❞r❡❞✲✇✐❧❡s ♦♥❡✳
✸✳ ❚❤♦✉ ✉♥❝♦✈❡r❡❞ ❢♦r aṅgiras✲❡s ❝♦✇s❤❡❞✱
❛♥❞ ❢♦r Atri ❬t❤♦✉ ✇❡r❡❪ ✜♥❞✐♥❣
❛♥ ✉♥✐♠♣❡❞❡❞ ✇❛② ✐♥ ❬♣❛ss❛❣❡s❪ ✇✐t❤ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ❞♦♦rs✳
❊✈❡♥ t❤r♦✉❣❤♦✉t ✐❞❧❡ ❬s❡❛s♦♥❪ t❤♦✉ ❝♦♥✈❡②❡❞ t♦ Vimada
✇❤❛t✬s ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧ ✖
❬t❤♦✉✱❪ ♠❛❦✐♥❣ t❤❡ r♦❝❦
✶ ♦❢ ❤✐♠ ❞❛♥❝❡ ✖
❬♦❢ ❤✐♠✱❪ ✇❤♦ ❤❛s st❛②❡❞ ✐♥ ❛ ✜❣❤t✐♥❣ ♠❛t❝❤ ❬s❡✈❡r❛❧ r♦✉♥❞s❪✳
✹✳ ❚❤♦✉ ✉♥❝♦✈❡r❡❞ ❛❞❞✐t✐♦♥❛❧ ❝♦♥t❛✐♥❡rs ♦❢ ✇❛t❡rs✱
t❤♦✉ ❝❛✉s❡❞ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞✲❜②✲❧✐❜❡r❛❧✐t② tr❡❛s✉r❡
t♦ ♣❡rs✐st ✐♥ ❛ ❦♥♦tt② ♦♥❡✳
❲❤❡♥ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ ✉s✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱
✈❛♥q✉✐s❤❡❞ Vr.tra t❤❡ s♥❛❦❡✱
♦♥❧② t❤❡♥ t❤♦✉ ♠❛❞❡ t❤❡ s✉♥ r✐s❡ ✐♥ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ✖
t♦ ❜❡❤♦❧❞ ❬✐t❪✳
✺✳ ❯s✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡rs ♦❢ ❢r❛♠✐♥❣ ❬✐❞❡❛s ❛♥❞ ♣❡r❝❡♣t✐♦♥❪✱
t❤♦✉ ❜❧❡✇ ♦✉t
t❤♦s❡ tr✐❝❦st❡rs
✷ ✇❤♦ ✇❛♥t♦♥❧② s♣r✐♥❦❧❡❞ ❬✐t❪ ✏♦✈❡r t❤❡ s❤♦✉❧❞❡r✑✳
❚❤♦✉✱ ❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ♠❛♥❧② ♠✐♥❞s❡t✱
✈❡r② ♠✉❝❤ s❤❛tt❡r❡❞ t❤❡ ✇❛❧❧s ♦❢ Pipru✳
❉✉r✐♥❣ ❦✐❧❧✐♥❣s ♦❢ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡s t♦ s✉✛❡r ✇❛♥t✱ t❤♦✉ ❢❛✈♦✉r❡❞ R
. jiśvan✳
✻✳ ❚❤♦✉ ❤❡❧♣❡❞ Kutsa ❞✉r✐♥❣ ❦✐❧❧✐♥❣s ♦❢ Śus.n.a✱
t❤♦✉ ♠❛❞❡ Śambara s✉❜❥❡❝t t♦ Atithigva✳
❚❤♦✉ ♣r♦❜❛❜❧② st❡♣♣❡❞ ✐♥ t♦✇❛r❞s ❡✈❡♥ t❤❡ ♠✐❣❤t② Arbuda ✖
❥✉st ❛s ❢r♦♠ ♦❢ ♦❧❞ t❤♦✉ ❡♠❡r❣❡❞ t♦ ❦✐❧❧ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡s t♦ s✉✛❡r ✇❛♥t✳

✶ ♣r♦❜✳ ✏s❦✉❧❧✑
✷ ❧✐t✳ ✏❤❛✈✐♥❣✲t❤❡✲♣♦✇❡r✲t♦✲❢r❛♠❡✲❬✐❞❡❛s ❛♥❞ ♣❡r❝❡♣t✐♦♥❪✑
✷✷✵

tvé vı́śvā távis.ı̄ sadhryàgghitā´

táva rā´dhah. somapı̄thā´ya hars.ate |
táva vájraścikite bāhvórhitó
vr.ścā´ śátroráva vı́śvāni vŕ..sn.yā || 7 ||

vı́ jānı̄hyā´ryānyé ca dásyavo

barhı́s.mate randhayā śā´sadavratā´n |
śā´kı̄ bhava yájamānasya coditā´
vı́śvéttā´ te sadhamā´des.u cākana || 8 ||

ánuvratāya randháyannápavratān
ābhū´bhirı́ndrah. śnatháyannánābhuvah. |
vr.ddhásya cidvárdhato dyā´mı́naks.ata
stávāno vamró vı́ jaghāna sam . dı́hah. || 9 ||

táks.adyátta uśánā sáhasā sáho

vı́ ródası̄ majmánā bādhate śávah. |
ā´ tvā vā´tasya nr.man.o manoyúja
ā´ pū´ryamān.amavahannabhı́ śrávah. || 10 ||

mándis..ta yáduśáne kāvyé sácām̃ .

ı́ndro vaṅkū´ vaṅkutárā´dhi tis..thati |
ugró yayı́m . nı́rapáh. srótasāsr.jad
vı́ śús.n.asya dr.m. hitā´ airayatpúrah. || 11 ||
 ✷✷✶

✼✳ ■♥ t❤❡❡ t❤❡ ♣❡r✈❛❞✐♥❣ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝♦♥tr♦❧ ❬✐s❪ s❡t ✐♥ t❤❡ r✐❣❤t ✇❛②✳
❲❤❛t
✸ s❛t✐s✜❡s t❤② ❞❡s✐r❡ ✐s ✐♠♣❛t✐❡♥t ❢♦r ❛ ❙♦♠❛✲s❡❛t✱
t❤② t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t ✐s ♥♦t✐❝❡❞ t♦ ❜❡ ♣❧❛❝❡❞ ✐♥t♦ ❛r♠s ✖
❝✉t ♦✛ ❛❧❧ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❡♥❡♠②✬s ♠❛♥❧② ❬str❡♥❣t❤s ❪✦
✹
✽✳ ❉♦ ❞✐st✐♥❣✉✐s❤ t❤♦s❡ ✏❝♦♥❞✉❝t✐♥❣ ✉♣✇❛r❞s✑
❛♥❞ t❤♦s❡ ✇❤♦ ❛r❡ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡s t♦ s✉✛❡r ✇❛♥t✦
❚♦ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ s♣r❡❛❞ t❤❡ s❛❝r✐✜❝✐❛❧ ❣r❛ss ❞♦ t❤♦✉✱
❣♦✈❡r♥✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡ s✐t✉❛t✐♦♥❪✱ ♠❛❦❡ ✉♥❝♦♥str❛✐♥❡❞ ♦♥❡s s✉❜♠✐t✳
❇❡❝♦♠❡ ❝❛♣❛❜❧❡ ✐♥❝✐t❡r ♦❢ t❤❡ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡r✦
❆t ❞r✐♥❦✐♥❣ ❜♦✉ts ■ ❤❛✈❡ str✐✈❡♥
❢♦r r❡❛❧❧② ❛❧❧ t❤♦s❡ t❤② ❬❝♦♥tr✐✈❛♥❝❡s ❪✳
✺
✾✳ ▼❛❦✐♥❣ t❤♦s❡ ✈✐♦❧❛t✐♥❣ s❡❧❢✲✐♠♣♦s❡❞ ❝♦♥str❛✐♥s s✉❜❥❡❝t t♦ ❤✐♠
✇❤♦ ❢♦❧❧♦✇s s❡❧❢✲✐♠♣♦s❡❞ ❝♦♥str❛✐♥ts✱
Indra t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ❛ss✐st✐♥❣ ♦♥❡s
❬✐s❪ ❝❛✉s✐♥❣ t❤♦s❡ ♥♦t✲❛ss✐st✐♥❣ t♦ ❜❡ tr❛♥s✜①❡❞✳
❆♥ ❡①t♦❧❧❡❞ ❛♥t
✻ ❤❛s ❧♦♦s❡♥❡❞ ♠✉❞ ✇❛❧❧s ♦❢ ❡✈❡♥ ❢✉❧❧✲❣r♦✇♥
❬st✐❧❧❪ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥✐♥❣ ❬❛♥❞❪ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ t♦ r❡❛❝❤ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ♦♥❡✳
✶✵✳ ❲❤❡♥ Uśanas ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ str❡♥❣t❤
✼
❢❛s❤✐♦♥❡❞ ❢♦r t❤❡❡ ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ str❡♥❣t❤✱
t❤❡ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡✲t♦✲❝❤❛♥❣❡ ♠❛❥❡st✐❝❛❧❧② ❞r♦✈❡ t❤❡ t✇♦ Rodas✲❡s ❛♣❛rt✳
❍❛r♥❡ss✐♥❣✲t❤❡✲♠✐♥❞ ❬✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥s ❪ ♦❢ ❲✐♥❞
✽
❬❞r♦✈❡ Rodas✲❡s❪ t♦✇❛r❞s t❤❡❡✱ ❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ♠❛♥❧② ♠✐♥❞s❡t✦
❚❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ str✐❦❡ ♦✛ ✜❧❧✐♥❣ ❬❜♦t❤ Rodas✲❡s Vr.tra❪
❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ ❛♥ ❛✉❞✐t♦r② ✐♠♣r❡ss✐♦♥✳
✶✶✳ ❲❤❡♥ ✐♥ t❤❡ ♣r❡s❡♥❝❡ ♦❢ ✐♥s♣✐r❡❞ Uśanas Kāvya
❤❡ ❤❛s ✐♥✢❛♠❡❞ t✇♦ ❤❛st❡♥✐♥❣✱ ❬❡✈❡♥❪ r❛s❤ ❬❤♦rs❡s❪✱
Indra ♠♦✉♥ts ❬t❤❡♠❪✳
❋❡r♦❝✐♦✉s✱ ❤❡ ❧❡t ✇❛t❡rs ❣♦ ♦✉t ✐♥ ❛ t♦rr❡♥t
t♦✇❛r❞s ❬t❤❡❪ ❝❤❛♥♥❡❧✱
❤❡ ✏❞❡✲❡♥❡r❣✐③❡❞✑ ❢♦rt✐✜❡❞ str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞s ♦❢ Śus.n.a✳

✸ ♦r✱ ✏✇❤♦✑
✹ sahāmsi
.
✺ cyautnāni
✻ s❡❧❢✲✐♠♣♦s❡❞ ❛ss✐st✐♥❣✲Indra ❝♦♥str❛✐♥t
✼ ♦❢ ❤✐s ♠✉s❝❧❡s
✽ dhiyah ✕ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✽✳✶✸✳✷✻❝
.
✷✷✷

ā´ smā rátham. vr..sapā´n.es.u tis..thasi

śāryātásya prábhr.tā yés.u mándase |
ı́ndra yáthā sutásomes.u
cākáno ′narvā´n.am. ślókamā´ rohase divı́ || 12 ||

ádadā árbhām . mahaté vacasyáve

kaks.´ı̄vate vr.cayā´mindra sunvaté |
ménābhavo vr..san.aśvásya sukrato
vı́śvéttā´ te sávanes.u pravā´cyā || 13 ||

ı́ndro aśrāyi sudhyò nireké

pajrés.u stómo dúryo ná yū´pah. |
aśvayúrgavyū´ rathayúrvasūyúr
ı́ndra ı́drāyáh. ks.ayati prayantā´ || 14 ||

. námo vr..sabhā´ya svarā´je

idám
satyáśus.māya taváse ′vāci |
asmı́nnindra vr.jáne sárvavı̄rāh.
smátsūrı́bhistáva śármansyāma || 15 ||
 ✷✷✸

✶✷✳ ❚❤♦✉ ❛❧✇❛②s r❡s♦rt t♦ ❛ ❝❤❛r✐♦t ❛t ❞r✐♥❦✐♥❣✲♦❢✲t❤❡✲❜✉❧❧ ❬❜♦✉ts❪✱✾

❞✉r✐♥❣ ✇❤✐❝❤ t❤♦✉ ✐♥✢❛♠❡ ❜r♦✉❣❤t ❢♦r✇❛r❞
❬✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥s ❪ ♦❢ Śaryāta✳
✶✵
❖ Indra✱ ❛s t❤♦✉ ❛❣❛✐♥ ❛♥❞ ❛❣❛✐♥ ✜♥❞ ♣❧❡❛s✉r❡ ✐♥ t❤♦s❡
✇❤♦ ♣r❡ss❡❞ Soma✱
t❤♦✉ r✐s❡ t♦✇❛r❞s ♥♦t✲t♦✲❜❡✲♦❜str✉❝t❡❞ ❞✐✈✐♥❡ ✈♦✐❝❡ ✐♥ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥✳
✶✸✳ ❚❤♦✉ ❣❛✈❡ ❛ s♠❛❧❧ ♦♥❡ t♦ ❛ ❧❛r❣❡ ♦♥❡✱ ❖ Indra✱
Vr.cayā ✖ t♦ ❡❧♦q✉❡♥t ♣r❡ss✐♥❣ ❬Soma❪ Kaks.ivat✳
❚❤♦✉ ❝❛♠❡ ✐♥t♦ ❜❡✐♥❣ ❛s ❛ ✇♦♠❛♥ ♦❢ Vr..san.aśva✱
✶✶
❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❣♦♦❞ ❞❡s✐❣♥s ♦♥❡✦
❏✉st ❛❧❧ t❤❡s❡ t❤② ❬❞❡❡❞s❪ ❛r❡ t♦ ❜❡ ♣r♦❝❧❛✐♠❡❞ ❛❧♦✉❞
❞✉r✐♥❣ ♣r❡ss✐♥❣s✳
✶✹✳ Indra ✇❛s ♠✐①❡❞ ✐♥t♦ t❤❡ s✉♣❡r✐♦r✐t②
♦❢ ❤❛✈✐♥❣✲❛✲❣♦♦❞✲✉♥❞❡rst❛♥❞✐♥❣ ♦♥❡✳
❆♠♦♥❣ r❡s✐❧✐❡♥t ♦♥❡s ❛ ❤②♠♥ ♦❢ ♣r❛✐s❡ ❬✐s❪ ❧✐❦❡ ❛ ❞♦♦r ♣♦st✳
❬■❢ ♦♥❡ ✐s❪ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ ❤♦rs❡s✱ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s ✱ ✶✷
s❡❡❦✐♥❣ ❛ ❝❤❛r✐♦t ✖
♦♥❧② Indra✱ t❤❡ ❜r✐♥❣❡r✱ ❣♦✈❡r♥s t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡✳
✶✺✳ ❚❤✐s ❛❞♦r❛t✐♦♥ ✐s ✉tt❡r❡❞
❢♦r ❛♣♣❡❛r✐♥❣ ❛s ❛ ❜✉❧❧✱ s❡❧❢✲r✉❧✐♥❣ ♦♥❡ ✖
❢♦r t❤❡ str♦♥❣ ♦♥❡ ✇❤♦s❡ ③❡❛❧ ✐s ❣❡♥✉✐♥❡✳
▼❛② ✇❡✱ ❛❧❧✲❤❡r♦✐❝✱ ❬✇❤♦ ❛r❡❪ ✐♥ t❤✐s s❛❝r✐✜❝✐❛❧ ❡♥❝❧♦s✉r❡✱
❖ Indra✱
t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ♣❛tr♦♥s ♦❢ t❤✐s s❛❝r✐✜❝❡✱ ❜❡ ✉♥❞❡r t❤② ♣r♦t❡❝t✐♦♥✦

✾ Soma
✶✵ dhiyah
.
✶✶ ✐t ♣r♦❜❛❜❧② ♠❡❛♥s t❤❛t s❤❡ ❡♥t❡r❡❞ ✐♥t♦ t❤❡ st❛t❡ ♦❢ Indra ♦♥ s♦♠❡ ♦❝❝❛s✐♦♥
✶✷ ❧✐t✳ ✏❝♦✇s✑
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✳✺✷

Savya Āṅgirasa | ✶✕✶✷✱✶✹ Jagatı̄✱ ✶✸✱✶✺ Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra

tyám. sú mes.ám . mahayā svarvı́dam .

śatám
. yásya . sākám´ı̄rate |
subhvàh
átyam. ná vā´jam . havanasyádam . rátham
éndram . vavr
. tyāmávase suvr
. . || 1 ||
ktı́bhih

sá párvato ná dharún.es.vácyutah.

sahásramūtistávis.ı̄s.u vāvr.dhe |
ı́ndro yádvr.trámávadhı̄nnadı̄vŕ.tam
. si járhr..sān.o ándhasā || 2 ||
ubjánnárn.ām

sá hı́ dvaró dvarı́s.u vavrá ū´dhani

candrábudhno mádavr.ddho manı̄s.ı́bhih. |
ı́ndram . támahve svapasyáyā dhiyā´
mám . sá hı́ páprirándhasah. || 3 ||
. his..tharātim

ā´ yám
. pr.n.ánti divı́ sádmabarhis.ah.
samudrám . ná subhvàh. svā´ abhı́s..tayah. |
tám vr
. . trahátye ánu tasthurūtáyah.
śús.mā ı́ndramavātā´ áhrutapsavah. || 4 ||

abhı́ svávr..s.tim
. máde asya yúdhyato
raghv´ı̄riva pravan.é sasrurūtáyah. |
ı́ndro yádvajr´ı̄ dhr..sámān.o ándhasā
bhinádvalásya paridh´ı̄m̃ . riva tritáh. || 5 ||
 ✷✷✺

✶✳ ❉♦ t❤♦✉ ♠❛❣♥✐❢② ✇❡❧❧ t❤❛t ✜♥❞✐♥❣✲svàr r❛♠

✶
✇❤♦s❡ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ❬❛s♣❡❝ts❪ ♦❢ ❛♥ ❡①❝❡❧❧❡♥t ♥❛t✉r❡ ❛r✐s❡ t♦❣❡t❤❡r✦
▲✐❦❡ ❛ ❝❛♣❛❜❧❡✲♦❢✲❛✲r✉s❤✲♦❢✲✈✐❣♦✉r ❝♦✉rs❡r
❬✐s ❜r♦✉❣❤t❪ t♦ r✉s❤✐♥❣✲t♦✲❛✲❝❤❛❧❧❡♥❣❡ ❝❤❛r✐♦t✱
■ ❝❛♥ t✉r♥ ✇✐t❤ ✇❡❧❧✲t✇✐st❡❞ ❬✈❡rs❡s❪ Indra ❤❡r❡ t♦ ❤❡❧♣✳
✖✖
✷✳ ▲✐❦❡ ❛ ♣✐❡❝❡ ♦❢ r♦❝❦ ♦♥ ✜r♠ ❣r♦✉♥❞ ❬✐s❪ ✉♥s❤❛❦❛❜❧❡✱
❤❡✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞ ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❤❡❧♣✐♥❣✱
❤❛s ❜❡❝❛♠❡ str♦♥❣❡r ✐♥ ❬❤✐s❪ ♣♦✇❡rs t♦ ❝♦♥tr♦❧
✇❤❡♥ ❤❡✱ Indra✱ ✈❛♥q✉✐s❤❡❞ ♦❜str✉❝t✐♥❣ ✢♦✇ ✇❛t❡rs Vr.tra✱
❬❛♥❞✱❪ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ✐♠♣❛t✐❡♥t t❤r♦✉❣❤ ❬t❤❡ ❡✛❡❝ts ♦❢❪ t❤❡ ❤❡r❜✱
✇❛s s✉❜❞✉✐♥❣ t❤❡ ✢♦♦❞s✳
✸✳ ❙✐♥❝❡ s✉❝❤ ❝♦♥tr♦❧ ✐♥ ❝♦♥tr♦❧❧❛❜❧❡ ❬r❡❛❝t✐♦♥s ❛♥❞ ❡♠♦t✐♦♥s❪
✷
❬✐s ❧✐❦❡❪ ❛ ❝❛✈✐t② ✐♥ ❛♥ ✉❞❞❡r ✱✸
❤✐♠ ❬✇❤♦ ❤❛s ❛❝q✉✐r❡❞❪ ❣❧✐tt❡r✐♥❣ ❜♦tt♦♠ ✱ ❬❤✐♠✱❪
✹
✇❤♦s❡ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t✐♦♥ ✇❛s str❡♥❣t❤❡♥❡❞ ❜② ❧❡❛r♥❡❞ ♦♥❡s ✖
Indra ■ ❤❛s s✉♠♠♦♥❡❞ ✇✐t❤ ❛♥ ❡❧❛❜♦r❛t❡ ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥✱
s✐♥❝❡ ❤❡ ❬✐s❪ ❜r✐♥❣✐♥❣ ✉♣ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ❤❡r❜ t❤❛t
♦❢ ✇❤✐❝❤ ❣✐❢ts ❛r❡ ♠♦st ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥t✳
✖✖
✹✳ ❉✉r✐♥❣ ❦✐❧❧✐♥❣ ♦❢ Vr.tra ❬t❤❡s❡❪ ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❤❡❧♣✐♥❣ ✖
❢r❡s❤ str❛✐❣❤t❢♦r✇❛r❞ ❡♥❡r❣❡t✐❝ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡s ✖ st♦♦❞ ❜② ❤✐♠✱ Indra✱
✇❤♦♠ t❤❡② ✱ ❤✐s ♦✇♥ ❛ss✐st❛♥ts ♦❢ ❛♥ ❡①❝❡❧❧❡♥t ♥❛t✉r❡
✺
♣r❡♣❛r✐♥❣ ✐♥ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ t❤❡ s❡❛t ♦❢ s❛❝r✐✜❝✐❛❧ ❣r❛ss✱
✜❧❧ ✉♣ ❧✐❦❡ t❤❡ s❡❛✱
✺✳ ❉✉r✐♥❣ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ t❤✐s✱ ♦❢ t❤❡ ✜❣❤t✐♥❣ ♦♥❡✱
s✐❞❡✲❡✛❡❝ts
❤❛✈❡ r✉s❤❡❞ ❧✐❦❡ r❛♣✐❞ ❬str❡❛♠s❪ ❛❧♦♥❣ ❤✐❧❧s✐❞❡
✐♥t♦ s❡❧❢✲r❛✐♥✐♥❣ ❬❝❡♥t❡r ❪✳
✻
❲❤❡♥ Indra ❬✐s❪ ✐♥ ♣♦ss❡ss✐♦♥ ♦❢ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✱
❬❛♥❞✱❪ t❤r♦✉❣❤ ❬t❤❡ ❡✛❡❝ts ♦❢❪ t❤❡ ❤❡r❜✱ ❞❛r✐♥❣✱
❧✐❦❡ Trita ❤❡ s❤❛❧❧ r❡♥❞ ❛s✉♥❞❡r ❢❡♥❝❡s ♦❢ t❤❡ ❝❛✈❡r♥✳
✖✖

✶ ♣r❡♣❛r✐♥❣ ❢♦r ❛ ✜❣❤t ❛❞❡♣t ♦❢ Indra

✷ ♦r✱ ✏♦❜str✉❝t✐♦♥✑ ♦❢ ✢♦♦❞s ♦❢ ✐♥♥❡r ✇❛t❡rs
✸ t❤❛t ✐s✱ ❛❝❝✉♠✉❧❛t❡s ✐♥♥❡r ✇❛t❡rs
✹ mūlādhāra ❝❛❦r❛
✺ t❤❡ ✐♥♥❡r ✇❛t❡rs t❤❛t Indra ✉♥❧❡❛s❤❡❞
✻ ♣r♦❜✳ ♣✐t✉✐t❛r② ❣❧❛♥❞ ❛s ❛ s♦✉r❝❡ ♦❢ ❜❡t❛✲❡♥❞♦r♣❤✐♥
✷✷✻

. ghr.n.ā´ carati titvis.é śávo pó

′
párı̄m
vr.tv´ı̄ rájaso budhnámā´śayat |
vr.trásya yátpravan.é durgŕ.bhiśvano
nijaghántha hánvorindra tanyatúm || 6 ||

hradám . ná hı́ tvā nyr..sántyūrmáyo

bráhmān.ı̄ndra táva yā´ni várdhanā |
tvás..tā citte yújyam . vāvr.dhe śávas
tatáks.a vájramabhı́bhūtyojasam || 7 ||

jaghanvā´m̃
. u háribhih. sambhr.takratavı́ndra
vr.trám
. mánus. e gātuyánnapáh. |
áyachathā bāhvórvájramāyasám
ádhārayo divyā´ sū´ryam
. dr.śé || 8 ||

br.hátsváścandramámavadyádukthyàm
. diváh. |
ákr.n.vata bhiyásā róhan.am
yánmā´nus.apradhanā ı́ndramūtáyah.
svàrnr..sā´co marútó ′madannánu || 9 ||

dyauścidasy
´ ā´mavām̃
. áheh. svanā´d
áyoyavı̄dbhiyásā vájra indra te |
vr.trásya yádbadbadhānásya rodası̄
máde sutásya śávasā´bhinachı́rah. || 10 ||

yádı́nnvı́ndra pr.thiv´ı̄ dáśabhujir

áhāni vı́śvā tatánanta kr..s.táyah. |
átrā´ha te maghavanvı́śrutam . sáho
dyā´mánu śávasā barhán.ā bhuvat || 11 ||
 ✷✷✼

✻✳ ●❧♦✇✐♥❣ ❤❡❛t ♠♦✈❡❞ ❛r♦✉♥❞ ❤✐♠✱

t❤❡ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡✲t♦✲❝❤❛♥❣❡ ❤❛s ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❡♥❡r❣✐③❡❞✳
❍✐♥❞❡r✐♥❣ ✇❛t❡rs✱ ❤❡
✼ r❡st❡❞ ❛t t❤❡ ❜♦tt♦♠ ♦❢ t❤❡ r❡❣✐♦♥✱
✇❤❡♥ t❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ❤✉rr✐❡❞❧② ❤✉r❧❡❞ ✏t❤✉♥❞❡r✑
✐♥t♦ t❤❡ ❥❛✇s ♦❢ ❤❛r❞✲t♦✲❣r❛s♣✲❜❡❝❛✉s❡✲♦❢✲s✇❡❧❧✐♥❣ Vr.tra✳
✖✖
✼✳ ❙✐♥❝❡ t❤②✱ ❖ Indra✱ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥✐♥❣ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥s
❣❧✐❞❡ t♦✇❛r❞s t❤❡❡ ❧✐❦❡ ✇❛✈❡s ❬❣❧✐❞❡❪ ✐♥ ❛ ❧❛❦❡ ✱
✽
Tvas..t.r ❤❛s ❛❧s♦ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥❡❞ ❢♦r t❤❡❡
t❤❡ t♦✲❜❡✲❡♠♣❧♦②❡❞ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡ t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱
❤❡ ❤❛s ❢❛s❤✐♦♥❡❞ ❤❛✈✐♥❣✲♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣✲✈✐❣♦✉r t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✳
✽✳ ❍❛✈✐♥❣ s❧❛②❡❞ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s
✾ Vr.tra✱
❢♦r ❛♥ ✐♥t❡❧❧✐❣❡♥t ♠❛♥✱ ❞♦ ♣r♦✈✐❞❡ ❛♥ ✉♥✐♠♣❡❞❡❞ ✇❛② t♦ ✇❛t❡rs✱
❖ Indra ✇❤♦s❡ ✇✐❧❡s ❛r❡ ❜r♦✉❣❤t t♦❣❡t❤❡r✳
❚❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ❡①t❡♥❞❡❞ t❤❡ ✐r♦♥ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t ✐♥t♦ t❤❡ ❛r♠s✱
t❤♦✉ ❝❛✉s❡❞ t❤❡ s✉♥ t♦ ♣❡rs✐st ✐♥ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ t♦ ❜❡❤♦❧❞ ❬✐t❪✳
✖✖
✾✳ ❲❤❛t
✶✵ ❬✐s❪ ✈❛st ❣❧✐tt❡r✐♥❣✲♦♥✲✐ts✲♦✇♥ ❢♦r❝❡❢✉❧ t♦✲❜❡✲♣r❛✐s❡❞
♦✉t ♦❢ ❢❡❛r t❤❡② r❡♥❞❡r❡❞ ❛s ❍❡❛✈❡♥✬s ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❛s❝❡♥❞✐♥❣✱
✇❤❡♥ ♣r✐③✐♥❣✲♠❛♥❤♦♦❞ ♠❡❛♥s✲♦❢✲❤❡❧♣✐♥❣ ✖
❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥②✐♥❣✲♠❡♥ Marut✲s ✖
r❡❥♦✐❝❡❞ ♦✈❡r Indra✱ ♦✈❡r svàr✳
✶✵✳ ❊✈❡♥ t❤❡ ❢♦r❝❡❢✉❧ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ♦✉t ♦❢ ❢❡❛r ❦❡♣t r❡tr❡❛t✐♥❣
❢r♦♠ t❤❡ s♦✉♥❞ ♦❢ t❤✐s s♥❛❦❡✱
✇❤❡♥ t❤②✱ ❖ Indra✱ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t
t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡ t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱
✐♥ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❬Soma❪✱
r❡♥❞ ❛s✉♥❞❡r t❤❡ ❤❡❛❞
♦❢ r❡♣❡❛t❡❞❧② r❡♣r❡ss✐♥❣ t✇♦ Rodas✲❡s Vr.tra✳
✖✖
✶✶✳ ■❢ ❥✉st ♥♦✇✱ ❖ Indra✱ t❤❡ ❡❛rt❤ ❬✇❡r❡ t♦ ❡①t❡♥❞❪ t❡♥❢♦❧❞ ❬✐♥ s✐③❡❪✱
❬❛♥❞❪ ❞❛②✲✐♥✲❛♥❞✲❞❛②✲♦✉t tr✐❜❡s ✇❡r❡ t♦ s♣r❡❛❞ ❬♦✈❡r ✐t❪✱
❡✈❡♥ ✐♥ t❤❛t ❝❛s❡ t❤②✱ ❖ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡✱ ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ str❡♥❣t❤
t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡
✇♦✉❧❞ ❝❡rt❛✐♥❧② ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❤❡❛r❞ ♦❢ ❢❛r ❛♥❞ ✇✐❞❡ ❛ ❞❛② ❛❢t❡r✳
✖✖

✼ Vrtra
.
✽ t❤❛t ✐s✱ ❛❜s♦r❜❡❞ q✉✐❝❦❧②
✾ ❞r♦♣s ♦❢ Soma ❥✉✐❝❡
✶✵ ♣r♦❜✳ ❛ ❝♦✉rs❡ ♦❢ ❛❝t✐♦♥✱ ♣❧❛♥s ❢♦r t❤❡ ❢✉t✉r❡
✷✷✽

tvámasyá pāré rájaso vyòmanah.

svábhūtyojā ávase dhr..sanmanah. |
cakr..sé bhū´mim
. pratimā´namójaso páh.
′

svàh. paribhū´res.yā´ dı́vam || 12 ||

tvám . bhuvah. pratimā´nam . pr.thivyā´

.r.svávı̄rasya br.hatáh. pátirbhūh. |
vı́śvamā´prā antáriks.am. mahitvā´
satyámaddhā nákiranyástvā´vān || 13 ||
´

ná yásya dyā´vāpr.thiv´ı̄ ánu vyáco

ná sı́ndhavo rájaso ántamānaśúh. |
nótá svávr..s.tim
. máde asya yúdhyata
éko anyáccakr..se vı́śvamānus.ák || 14 ||

ā´rcannátra marútah. sásminnājau ´

vı́śve devā´so amadannánu tvā |
vr.trásya yádbhr..s.timátā vadhéna
nı́ tvámindra prátyānám . jaghántha || 15 ||
 ✷✷✾

✶✷✳ ■♥ ♦r❞❡r t♦ ❤❡❧♣✱ t❤♦✉✱ ✇❤♦s❡ ❢r❡♥③② ❛r✐s❡s s♣♦♥t❛♥❡♦✉s❧②✱ ❬❛r❡❪

♦♥ t❤❡ ♦♣♣♦s✐t❡ s✐❞❡ ♦❢ t❤✐s r❡❣✐♦♥✱ ✐♥ t❤❡ s♣❛❝❡ ♦❢ ✐♠♣❛rt✐❛❧✐t②✱
❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❛ ❞❛r✐♥❣ ♠✐♥❞✦
❚❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ♠❛❞❡ t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤ ❛ ❝♦✉♥t❡r♣❛rt ♦❢ ❬t❤②❪ ❢r❡♥③②✳
P❡r✈❛❞✐♥❣ ✇❛t❡rs✱ svàr✱ t❤♦✉ ❣♦ t♦ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥✳
✶✸✳ ❚❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❊❛rt❤✬s ❝♦✉♥t❡r♣❛rt✱
t❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ♦✈❡rs❡❡r
♦❢ ❬t❤✐s❪ t❛❧❧ ❤❡❧♣✐♥❣✲✐♥✲❞✐r❡✲str❛✐❣❤ts ❤❡r♦✳
❊①❛❧t✐♥❣✱ t❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ ✜❧❧ t❤❡ ❡♥t✐r❡ ✐♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ s♣❛❝❡✳
❈❡rt❛✐♥❧② tr✉❡ ❬t❤✐s ✐s❪ ✖ ❬t❤❡r❡ ✐s❪ ♥♦ ♦♥❡ ❡❧s❡ ❧✐❦❡ t❤❡❡ ✖
✶✹✳ ❬t❤❡❡✱❪ ✇❤♦s❡ ❡①♣❛♥s❡ ♥❡✐t❤❡r t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤
❬❤❛✈❡ ❡q✉❛❧❡❞❪
♥♦t t❤❡ r✐✈❡rs ❤❛✈❡ r❡❛❝❤❡❞ t❤❡ ❧✐♠✐ts ♦❢ ❬t❤②❪ r❡❣✐♦♥✱
♥♦r ❬❞♦ t❤❡② r❡❛❝❤❪ t❤❡ s❡❧❢✲r❛✐♥✐♥❣ ❬❝❡♥t❡r❪
❞✉r✐♥❣ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ t❤✐s✱ ✜❣❤t✐♥❣ ♦♥❡✳
❚❤♦✉ ❛❧♦♥❡ ❤❛s ♠❛❞❡ ❛❧❧ ❬t❤❡s❡❪ t❤✐♥❣s ✖ ♦♥❡ ❛❢t❡r ❛♥♦t❤❡r ✖
❞✐✛❡r❡♥t✳
✖✖
✶✺✳ ■♥ t❤✐s ♠❛tt❡r✱ ✐♥ ❛ s✐♠✐❧❛r ✜❣❤t✐♥❣ ♠❛t❝❤✱
Marut✲s s❛♥❣ ♣r❛✐s❡s✱
❛❧❧ deva✲s r❡❥♦✐❝❡❞ ♦✈❡r t❤❡❡✱
✇❤❡♥ ✇✐t❤ s♣✐❦❡❞ ❞❡❛❞❧② ✇❡❛♣♦♥ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱
❤❛✈❡ str✉❝❦ ✇✐t❤✐♥✱ t♦✇❛r❞s t❤❡ ❢❛❝❡ ♦❢ Vr.tra✳

❚❤✐s ❤②♠♥ s♦✉♥❞s ❧✐❦❡ ❛ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ♣r❡♣❛r❛t✐♦♥ ❢♦r ❛ ✜❣❤t ❞❡❧✐✈❡r❡❞

s♣❡❧❧✲❧✐❦❡ ✉♣♦♥ ❛♥ ❛❞❡♣t ♦❢ Indra ✇❤♦♠ ✈❡rs❡ ✶ ❛❞❞r❡ss❡s✳ ■t r❡✲
♠✐♥❞s t♦ ❤✐♠ ❦❡② ♠♦♠❡♥ts ♦❢ tr❛✐♥✐♥❣ ❛♥❞ ♦❢ ♣❛st ❡①♣❡r✐❡♥❝❡s t❤✉s
✏♣r♦❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣✑ ✉♥❢♦❧❞✐♥❣ ♦❢ ✐♥♥❡r tr❛♥s❢♦r♠❛t✐♦♥s ❜❡❢♦r❡ ❛♥❞ ❞✉r✲
✐♥❣ ❛❝t✉❛❧ ♠❛t❝❤✳
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✳✺✸

Savya Āṅgirasa | ✶✕✾ Jagatı̄✱ ✶✵✱✶✶ Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra

nyū` .sú vā´cam

. prá mahé bharāmahe
gı́ra ı́ndrāya sádane vivásvatah. |
nū´ ciddhı́ rátnam. sasatā´mivā´vidan
ná dus..tutı́rdravin.odés.u śasyate || 1 ||

duró áśvasya durá indra górasi

duró yávasya vásuna ináspátih. |
śiks.ānaráh. pradı́vo ákāmakarśanah.
sákhā sákhibhyastámidám . gr.n.ı̄masi || 2 ||

śácı̄va indra purukr.ddyumattama

távédidámabhı́taścekite vásu |
átah. sam . gŕ.bhyābhibhūta ā´ bhara
mā tvāyató jaritúh. kā´mamūnayı̄h. || 3 ||
´

ebhı́rdyúbhih. sumánā ebhı́rı́ndubhir

nirundhānó ámatim . góbhiraśvı́nā |
ı́ndren.a dásyum. daráyanta ı́ndubhir
yutádves.asah. sámis.ā´ rabhemahi || 4 ||

sámindra rāyā´ sámis.ā´ rabhemahi

sám. vā´jebhih. puruścandráırabhı́dyubhih. |
sám. devyā´ prámatyā vı̄ráśus.mayā
gó .agrayā´śvāvatyā rabhemahi || 5 ||
 ✷✸✶

✶✳ ❲❡ ✇✐❧❧✐♥❣❧② ❜r✐♥❣ ✐♥ t❤❡ s♣❡❡❝❤ ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ❢♦rt❤ t❤❡ ❝❤❛♥ts

❢♦r ♠✐❣❤t② Indra ❛t t❤❡ s❡❛t ♦❢ Vivasvat✱
❢♦r ♦♥❡ ♥❡✈❡r ❢♦✉♥❞ t❤❡ ❣✐❢t ♦❢ t❤♦s❡ ✇❤♦ ❛r❡ ❛s ✐❢ s❧❡❡♣✐♥❣✱
♥♦r ❛ ❢❛✉❧t② ❤②♠♥ ♦❢ ♣r❛✐s❡ ✐s r❡❝✐t❡❞
❛♠♦♥❣ ❣✐✈❡rs ♦❢ t❤❡ s✉❜st❛♥❝❡ ✳✶
✖✖
✷✳ ❚❤♦✉ ❛r❡ ❛ ❣r❛♥t❡r ♦❢ ❛ ❤♦rs❡✱ ❛ ❣r❛♥t❡r ♦❢ ❛ ❝♦✇✱ ❖ Indra✱
❛ ❣r❛♥t❡r ♦❢ ❜❛r❧❡②✱ ✐♥❢✉s✐♥❣ str❡♥❣t❤ ♦✈❡rs❡❡r ♦❢ t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡✳
❍❛✈✐♥❣ ❢r♦♠ ♦❢ ♦❧❞ t❤❡ ❞❡s✐r❡ t♦ ❤❡❧♣ ♠❡♥✱
♥♦♥ ❡♠❛❝✐❛t✐♥❣ ❧♦♥❣✐♥❣s ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥ ✇✐t❤ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s ✖
❤✐♠ ✇❡ ❝❛❧❧ ♦✉t t♦ t❤✐s✳
✸✳ ❖ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② ❡♥❛❜❧✐♥❣ ♣♦✇❡rs✱ ❞♦✐♥❣ ♠✉❝❤✱
t❤❡ ♠♦st r❛❞✐❛♥t Indra✦
❖♥❧② t❤✐s t❤② tr❡❛s✉r❡ ♦♥❡ ❦❡❡♣s s❡❡❦✐♥❣ ❡✈❡r②✇❤❡r❡✳
■♥ t❤✐s ♠❛tt❡r✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❛❦❡♥ ❤♦❧❞ ♦❢ ❬✐t❪✱ ❖ ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ ♦♥❡✱
❜r✐♥❣ ❬✐t❪ ❤❡r❡✱
❞♦ ♥♦t ❧❡❛✈❡ s❡❡❦✐♥❣✲t❤❡❡ ♣r❛✐s❡r✬s ❧♦♥❣✐♥❣ ✇❛♥t✐♥❣✦
✹✳ ❚❤r♦✉❣❤♦✉t t❤❡s❡ ❞❛②s ❬❤❡ ✐s❪ ✇❡❧❧✲❞✐s♣♦s❡❞ ✖
✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ❤❡❧♣ ♦❢ ❞r♦♣s ♦❢ ♣✉r❡ Soma✱
❦❡❡♣✐♥❣ ♦✛ ✐♠♣✉❧s✐✈❡♥❡ss ✇✐t❤ ❝♦✇s ✱ ✷
✇✐t❤ ♣♦ss❡ss❡❞ ♦❢ ❛ ❤♦rs❡ ❬✈❡rs❡❪✳
✸
❉✐s♣❡rs✐♥❣ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡ t♦ s✉✛❡r ✇❛♥t ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ Indra✱
✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ❤❡❧♣ ♦❢ ❞r♦♣s ♦❢ ♣✉r❡ Soma✱
❤♦st✐❧✐t✐❡s ❦❡♣t ❛t ❜❛②✱ ✇❡ ♠✐❣❤t ❣❡t ♣♦ss❡ss✐♦♥ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❧✐❜❛t✐♦♥✳
✺✳ ❲❡ ♠✐❣❤t ❣❡t ♣♦ss❡ss✐♦♥ ♦❢ t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡✱ ❖ Indra✱ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❧✐❜❛t✐♦♥✱
♦❢ ❞✐r❡❝t❡❞ t♦✇❛r❞s t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❜r✐❣❤t r❛❞✐❛♥❝❡
r✉s❤❡s ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱
✇❡ ♠✐❣❤t ❣❡t ♣♦ss❡ss✐♦♥ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❞✐✈✐♥❡ ❣✐✈✐♥❣✲❢❡r✈♦r✲t♦✲❤❡r♦❡s
♣r❡❝❡❞❡❞✲❜②✲✇♦r❞s r✐❝❤✲✐♥✲r❤②t❤♠s ♣r✐♠✐♥❣ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❣❡st✉r❡✳

✶ ❤❡r❜❛❧ Soma
✷ ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s
✸ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❛ r❤②t❤♠ t♦ ✐t
✷✸✷

té tvā mádā amadantā´ni vŕ..sn.yā

té sómāso vr.trahátyes.u satpate |
yátkāráve dáśa vr.trā´n.yapratı́
barhı́s.mate nı́ sahásrān.i barháyah. || 6 ||

yudhā´ yúdhamúpa ghédes.i dhr..sn.uyā´

purā´ púram
. sámidám
. ham . syójasā |
námyā yádindra sákhyā parāváti
nibarháyo námucim . nā´ma māyı́nam || 7 ||

tvám . kárañjamutá parn.áyam . vadhı̄s

téjis..thayātithigvásya vartan´ı̄ |
. śatā´ váṅgr.dasyābhinatpúro nānudáh.
′
tvám
páris.ūtā .rjı́śvanā || 8 ||

tvámetā´ñjanarā´jño dvı́rdáśābandhúnā
suśrávasopajagmús.ah. |
.sas..tı́m
. sahásrā navatı́m. náva śrutó
nı́ cakrén.a ráthyā dus.pádāvr.n.ak || 9 ||

tvámāvitha suśrávasam . távotı́bhistáva

trā´mabhirindra tū´rvayān.am |
tvámasmai kútsamatithigvámāyúm .
mahé rā´jñe yū´ne arandhanāyah. || 10 ||

yá udŕ.cı̄ndra devágopāh.

sákhāyaste śivátamā ásāma |
tvā´m
. stos.āma tváyā suv´ı̄rā
drā´ghı̄ya ā´yuh. pratarám
. dádhānāh. || 11 ||
 ✷✸✸

✻✳ ❚❤♦s❡ r❛♣t✉r❡s ✐♥s♣✐r❡❞ t❤♦s❡ ♠❛♥❧② ❞❡❡❞s✱

t❤♦s❡ Soma ❬❞r♦♣s❪ ❬✐♥s♣✐r❡❞ t❤❡♠❪ ❞✉r✐♥❣ ❦✐❧❧✐♥❣s ♦❢ Vr.tra✱
❖ ♦✈❡rs❡❡r ♦❢ ✇❤❛t✬s r❡❛❧✱
✇❤❡♥ ❢♦r t❤❡ s✐♥❣❡r ♦❢ ❡✉❧♦❣✐❡s t❤♦✉ ❝❛✉s❡❞
t❤❡ ✉♥♦♣♣♦s❛❜❧❡ ❬tr❡❛s✉r❡✹ ❪ t♦ ♣✉❧❧✲✐♥ t❡♥ ♦❜st❛❝❧❡s ✺ ✳
❬❛♥❞❪ ❛ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞ ❢♦r ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ s♣r❡❛❞ t❤❡ s❛❝r✐✜❝✐❛❧ ❣r❛ss✳
✼✳ ❆♥❞ t❤♦✉ ❥✉st ❦❡❡♣ ❞❛r✐♥❣❧② ✜❣❤t✐♥❣ ❛ ✜❣❤t❡r✱
❬t❤♦✉❪ ❜❧♦❝❦❛❞❡ ❛ ❢♦rtr❡ss❀ t❤♦✉ ✈✐❣♦r♦✉s❧② ♣✉t ✐t✻ t♦❣❡t❤❡r
✇❤❡♥ ✇✐t❤ Namı̄ ❛s ❛ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥ t❤♦✉✱ ❬❛❧t❤♦✉❣❤❪ ❛t ❛ ❞✐st❛♥❝❡✱
❝❛✉s❡ tr✐❝❦st❡r ♥❛♠❡❞ Namuci t♦ ♣✉❧❧ ✐♥✳
✽✳ ❚❤♦✉ s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ ✈❛♥q✉✐s❤❡❞ Karañja ❛♥❞ Parn.aya
✇✐t❤ t❤❡ s❤❛r♣❡st tr❛❝❦ ♦❢ Atithigva✳
❚❤♦✉✱ ♥♦t ❣✐✈✐♥❣ ✇❛②✱ ❜r♦❦❡ ✇❛❧❧s ♦❢ Vaṅgr.da
t❤❛t ✇❡r❡ ❡❧✐❝✐t❡❞ ❜② R.jiśvan✳
✾✳ ❚♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥❧❡ss Suśravas
t❤♦✉ ❬✈❛♥q✉✐s❤❡❞❪ t❤❡s❡ t✇✐❝❡ t❡♥ ❛tt❛❝❦✐♥❣ ❝❤✐❡❢t❛✐♥s ♦❢ ♣❡♦♣❧❡✱
t❤♦✉✱ ❢❛♠❡❞ t♦ ❤❛✈❡ ♣✉❧❧❡❞ ❞♦✇♥ s✐①t② t❤♦✉s❛♥❞ ❬❄❪
♥✐♥❡t② ♥✐♥❡ ❬✇❛❧❧s❪
✇✐t❤ ❝❤❛r✐♦t ✇❤❡❡❧✱ ✇✐t❤ ❧❛♠❡✼ ❬❤♦rs❡❪✳
✶✵✳ ❚❤♦✉ ❢❛✈♦✉r❡❞ Suśravas ✇✐t❤ t❤② s✐❞❡✲❡✛❡❝ts✱
Tūrvayān.a ✇✐t❤ t❤②✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❝♦♥t✐♥✉❛❧ ♣r♦t❡❝t✐♦♥s✱
❚❤♦✉ ♠❛❞❡ ❛❣✐t❛t❡❞ Kutsa Atithigva
s✉❜❥❡❝t t♦ t❤✐s ❣r❡❛t ②♦✉♥❣ ❝❤✐❡❢t❛✐♥✳
✶✶✳ ❋✐♥❛❧❧②✱ ✇❡ ✇❤♦ ❤❛✈❡ ❛ deva ❢♦r ❛ ❣✉❛r❞✐❛♥✱
❬✇❡✱❪ ❜❡st ❛t ❞❡str♦②✐♥❣ r❡❛❝t✐✈❡ ✐♠♣✉❧s✐✈❡♥❡ss✱
s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ t❤② ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s✳
❲❡✱ ❜❡✐♥❣ ✈❡r② ♠❛♥❧② ❜❡❝❛✉s❡ ♦❢ t❤❡❡✱ s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ ❡①t♦❧❧❡❞ t❤❡❡✱
❬✇❡✱❪ ♦❜t❛✐♥✐♥❣ ❝❛♣❛❜❧❡✲t♦✲str❡t❝❤
tr❛♥s❢❡rr✐♥❣ ❬✐ts❡❧❢ ♦✈❡r ❜❛rr✐❡rs❪ ❧✐❢❡✲❢♦r❝❡✳

✹ vasu
✲s
✺ vrtra
✻tr❡❛s✉r❡ ✖ vasu
.
✼❢♦❧❧♦✇✐♥❣ ❬❏❛♠✐s♦♥ ❛♥❞ ❇r❡r❡t♦♥✱ ✷✵✶✹✱ ♣✳✶✻✾❪
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✳✺✹

Savya Āṅgirasa | Jagatı̄ ❡①❝❡♣t ✻✱✽✱✾✱✶✶ Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra

mā´ no asmı́nmaghavanpr.tsvám . hasi

nahı́ te ántah. śávasah. parı̄n.áśe |
ákrandayo nadyò róruvadvánā
kathā´ ná ks.on.´ı̄rbhiyásā sámārata || 1 ||

árcā śakrā´ya śākı́ne śácı̄vate

śr.n.vántamı́ndram . maháyannabhı́ .s.tuhi |
yó dhr..sn.únā śávasā ródası̄ ubhé
vŕ..sā vr..satvā´ vr..sabhó nyr.ñjáte || 2 ||

árcā divé br.haté śūs.yàm

. vácah.
sváks.atram . yásya dhr..sató dhr..sánmánah. |
br.háchravā ásuro barhán.ā kr.táh.
puró háribhyām . vr..sabhó rátho hı́ .sáh. || 3 ||

. divó br.hatáh. sā´nu kopayó va

′
tvám
tmánā dhr..satā´ śámbaram. bhinat |
yánmāyı́no vrandı́no mandı́nā dhr..sáchitā´m
.
gábhastimaśánim . pr.tanyási || 4 ||

nı́ yádvr.n.áks.i śvasanásya mūrdháni

śús.n.asya cidvrandı́no róruvadvánā |
prāc´ı̄nena mánasā barhán.āvatā
yádadyā´ citkr.n.ávah. kástvā pári || 5 ||
 ✷✸✺

✶✳ ❉♦ ♥♦t ❬❛❜❛♥❞♦♥ ❪ ✉s ✐♥ t❤✐s✱ ✐♥ ❜❛tt❧❡s✱ ✐♥ ❛ tr♦✉❜❧❡ ✖

✶
s✐♥❝❡ t❤❡ ❧✐♠✐ts ♦❢ t❤② ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡ ✐s ♥♦t t♦ ❜❡ r❡❛❝❤❡❞✦
❍♦✇❧✐♥❣✱ t❤♦✉ ❝❛✉s❡❞ t❤❡ ❞❡s✐r❡s✱ ✢♦✇✐♥❣ ✇❛t❡rs t♦ r♦❛r✳
✖✖
❲❤② ❞✐❞♥✬t ②❡ ❥♦✐♥ t♦❣❡t❤❡r t❤♦s❡ tr❡♠❜❧✐♥❣ ✇✐t❤ ❢❡❛r❄
✖✖
✷✳ ❉♦ t❤♦✉ s✐♥❣ t♦ ❡♠♣♦✇❡r✐♥❣ ❝❛♣❛❜❧❡
❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② ❡♥❛❜❧✐♥❣ ♣♦✇❡rs ♦♥❡✦
❊①t♦❧ ❛tt❡♥t✐✈❡ ♠❛❣♥✐❢②✐♥❣ ❬♦♥❡✬s ♣♦✇❡rs❪ Indra ✖
❛ ❜✉❧❧ ✇❤♦ ❜❡❝❛✉s❡ ♦❢ ✈✐r✐❧✐t② r❡s❡♠❜❧❡s ❛ ❜✉❧❧✱
✇❤♦ ✇✐t❤ ❞❛r✐♥❣ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡ ❛❧✐❣♥s ❜♦t❤ Rodas✲❡s✳
✸✳ ❉♦ t❤♦✉ r❡❝✐t❡ ❛ ❤✐ss✐♥❣ ✉tt❡r❛♥❝❡ t♦ t❤❡ ✈❛st ❍❡❛✈❡♥✦
❖❢ ❤✐♠✱ ✇❤♦ ✐s ❞❛r✐♥❣✱ t❤❡ ❞❛r✐♥❣ ♠✐♥❞ ❬✐s❪ s❡❧❢✲❣♦✈❡r♥❡❞✳
❍❛✈✐♥❣ ❧♦✉❞ ❛✉❞✐t♦r② ✐♠♣r❡ss✐♦♥ asura ❬✐s❪ ❝❡rt❛✐♥❧② r❡❛❞② ✖
✐♥ t❤❡ ♣r❡s❡♥❝❡ ♦❢ t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s ❤❡ r❡s❡♠❜❧❡s ❛ ❜✉❧❧ ✖
❜❡❝❛✉s❡ t❤✐s ♦♥❡ ✐s ❛ ❝❤❛r✐♦t✳
✹✳ ❚❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ ♣r♦✈♦❦❡ r❛❣❡ ❛t t❤❡ s✉♠♠✐t ♦❢ t❤❡ ✈❛st ❍❡❛✈❡♥✱
❛t ❧❡❛st✱ t❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ ❜♦❧❞❧② ❞✐s♣❡rs❡ Śambara
❬❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ♠❛ss② ❦♥♦tt② ♦♥❡❪ ✳
✷
■❢ t❤♦✉✱ ❞❡✜❛♥t ❜❡❝❛✉s❡ ♦❢ ♣♦ss❡ss✐♥❣ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t✐♦♥ ❬Soma❪✱
✜❣❤t ❛❣❛✐♥st s❤❛r♣ r❛②✲❧✐❦❡ ✢❛s❤ ♦❢ ❧✐❣❤t♥✐♥❣
♦❢ ❬❡✈❡♥❪ ❜❡❝♦♠✐♥❣ s♦❢t
❤❛✈✐♥❣✲t❤❡✲♣♦✇❡r✲t♦✲❢r❛♠❡✲❬✐❞❡❛s ❛♥❞ ♣❡r❝❡♣t✐♦♥❪ ❬Śus.n.a❪ ✱
✸
✺✳ ✐❢ ✇✐t❤ ✈✐❣♦r♦✉s t✉r♥❡❞✲t♦✇❛r❞s✲t❤❡✲❢r♦♥t ♠✐♥❞
t❤♦✉ ♣✉❧❧ ❞♦✇♥ ❬t❤❡ ✐♥✢♦✇ ♦❢ ❡♥❡r❣②❪
❛t t❤❡ ❜❡❣✐♥♥✐♥❣ ♦❢ ❜r❡❛t❤✐♥❣✱
❬✇❤✐❧❡❪ ❤♦✇❧✐♥❣ ❞❡s✐r❡s ♦❢ ❡✈❡♥ ❜❡❝♦♠✐♥❣ s♦❢t Śus.n.a✱
✭✐❢ t❤♦✉ ✇❡r❡ t♦ ❞♦ ❬✐t❪ ♥♦✇ ✐♥❞❡❡❞✮✱
✇❤♦ ❬❛♠♦♥❣ ❞❡♠♦♥s ✇♦✉❧❞ ❜❡❪ ❛r♦✉♥❞ t❤❡❡❄
✖✖

✖ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✸✳✺✸✳✷✵❜

✶ hās
✷♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✹✳✸✵✳✶✹
✸♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✶✳✶✶✳✼❛❜
✷✸✻

tvámāvitha náryam . turváśam . yádum.

tvám
. turv ´
ı̄ tim
. vayyàm. śatakrato |
tvám
. ráthamétaśam . kŕ.tvye dháne
tvám
. púro navatı́m . dambhayo náva || 6 ||

sá ghā rā´jā sátpatih. śūśuvajjáno

rātáhavyah. práti yáh. śā´samı́nvati |
ukthā´ vā yó abhigr.n.ā´ti rā´dhasā
dā´nurasmā úparā pinvate diváh. || 7 ||

ásamam . ks.atrámásamā manı̄s.ā´

prá somapā´ ápasā santu néme |
yé ta indra dadús.o vardháyanti
máhi ks.atrám
. stháviram . ca || 8 ||
. vŕ..sn.yam

túbhyédeté bahulā´ ádridugdhāś

camūs.ádaścamasā´ indrapā´nāh. |
vyàśnuhi tarpáyā kā´mames.ām
áthā máno vasudéyāya kr..sva || 9 ||

apā´matis..thaddharún.ahvaram ′
. támo ntár
vr.trásya jat.háres.u párvatah. |
abh´ı̄mı́ndro nadyò vavrı́n.ā hitā´
vı́śvā anus..thā´h. pravan.és.u jighnate || 10 ||
 ✷✸✼

✻✳ ❚❤♦✉ ❢❛✈♦✉r❡❞ ♠❛♥❧② Turvaśa✱ Yadu✱

t❤♦✉ ❬❢❛✈♦✉r❡❞❪ Turvı̄ti ❬❛♥❞ ❤✐s❪ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥✱
❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣✲❤✉♥❞r❡❞✲✇✐❧❡s ♦♥❡✦
❚❤♦✉ ❬♣r♦♠♦t❡❞❪ t❤❡ ✢✐❝❦❡r✐♥❣ ❝❤❛r✐♦t
✹ ✺
❛t ❡✣❝❛❝✐♦✉s ❬❛t ❞❡t❡r♠✐♥✐♥❣ ❛ ❝❤❛♠♣✐♦♥❪
❛rr❛♥❣❡❞ ❝♦♥t❡st ✖
t❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ ♠❛❦❡ ♥✐♥❡t② ♥✐♥❡ ✇❛❧❧s ❬♦❢ Śambara❪ t♦ tr✐❝❦ ❬❤✐♠❪✳
✼✳ ❆t ❧❡❛st✱ ❤❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❣r♦✇ ❛s ❛ ❝❤✐❡❢t❛✐♥✱
❬❛s❪ ❛♥ ♦✈❡rs❡❡r ♦❢ ✇❤❛t ✐s t♦ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ r❡❛❧ ✖
❬t❤❛t❪ ♣❡rs♦♥ ✇❤♦s❡ ♣r❡s❡♥t❡❞ ♦❜❧❛t✐♦♥ ✐s ♦♥ ♣❛r
✇✐t❤ ❬♥❡❡❞s ♦❢ Indra❪✱
✇❤♦ ✐♥❢✉s❡s str❡♥❣t❤ ✐♥t♦ t❤❡ ❝♦♠♠❛♥❞❡r ✱ ✻
♦r✱ ✇❤♦ ✇♦✉❧❞ ❥♦✐♥ ✇✐t❤ ♠✉♥✐✜❝❡♥❝❡ ✐♥ r❡❝✐t✐♥❣ ✈❡rs❡s✳
❋♦r s✉❝❤ ♦♥❡✱ t❤❡ ❧✐❜❡r❛❧✐t② ♦❢ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ s✇❡❧❧s✳
✽✳ ❯♥❡q✉❛❧❡❞ ❝♦♥❝❡♣t✐♦♥ ❬♠❡❛♥s❪ ✉♥❡q✉❛❧❡❞ s✉♣r❡♠❛❝②✳
▼❛② s❡✈❡r❛❧ Soma✲❞r✐♥❦❡rs ❬❤❡r❡❪ ❜❡ ♣r❡❡♠✐♥❡♥t
t❤r♦✉❣❤ ❬t❤✐s s❛❝r✐✜❝✐❛❧❪ ❛❝t✐✈✐t②✱
❬t❤♦s❡❪ ✇❤♦ ♠❛❦❡ ❡①t❡♥s✐✈❡ s✉♣r❡♠❛❝②
❛♥❞ ❡♥❞✉r✐♥❣ ♠❛♥❧② ♣♦✇❡rs
♦❢ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Indra✱ ✇❤♦ ❤❛s ❜❡st♦✇❡❞✱ t♦ ❣r♦✇✦
✾✳ ❏✉st ❢♦r t❤❡❡ ❬❛r❡❪ t❤❡s❡ ♥✉♠❡r♦✉s ♣r❡ss❡❞✲✇✐t❤✲st♦♥❡s
s❡tt❧❡❞ ✐♥ ❜♦✇❧s ❬Soma ❞r♦♣s❪✳ ❬❚❤❡s❡❪ ❝✉♣s ❬❛r❡❪ Indra✬s ❞r✐♥❦s✳
❚❛❦❡ ♣♦ss❡ss✐♦♥ ♦❢✱ ♠❛❦❡ t❤❡ ❧♦♥❣✐♥❣ ♦❢ t❤❡s❡ ❬♠❡♥❪
s❛t✐s❢② ❬t❤❡♠❪✦
❚❤❡♥✱ ♠❛❦❡ t❤❡ ♠✐♥❞ t♦ ❜❡st♦✇ t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡✦
✶✵✳ ❬❚❤❛t❪ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ♦❜s❝✉r❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ✇❛t❡rs✱
❬✇❤✐❝❤ ✐s❪ ❛ s✉♣♣♦rt ❢♦r tr❡♠❜❧✐♥❣✱ r❡♠❛✐♥❡❞✱
t❤❡ ❦♥♦tt② ♦♥❡ ❬✇❛s❪ ♠✐❞st ♦❢ Vr.tra✬s ❜❡❧❧✐❡s ✳
✼ ✽
❚♦✇❛r❞s ✐t Indra ❬❞✐r❡❝ts❪ t❤r♦✉❣❤ t❤❡ ❧✉r❦✐♥❣♣❧❛❝❡
✾
s❡t✲✐♥✲♠♦t✐♦♥ ✢♦✇✐♥❣ ✇❛t❡rs✱
❤❡ str✐❦❡s ❛❧❧ ❬♦❢ t❤❡♠❪ ✐♥ s✉❝❝❡ss✐♦♥ ✐♥t♦ ❞❡❝❧✐✈✐t✐❡s ✳
✶✵
✖✖

✹ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✽✳✺✵✳✾❝

✺ ✐♥♥❡r
✖ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✸✳✹✼✳✺❜✱ ✻✳✶✾✳✶✶❜
Agni
✻ Indra
✼ t❤❡ ♣❤②s✐❝❛❧ ❜♦❞②
✽ ✐t ♠❡❛♥s t❤❛t t❤❡ ❜♦❞② ✇❛s ✉♥❞❡r ❝♦♥❞✐t✐♦♥s ♦❢ ✐♥t❡r❛❝t✐♥❣ ♦r ❢❡❡❞✐♥❣
♠✐♥❞✴❜♦❞② r❡❛❝t✐♦♥s t❤❛t ❛r❡ Vr.tra✬s
✾ t❤❛t ✐s✱ t❤❡ ❜♦❞②
✶✵ ♣r♦❜✳ ❧②♠♣❤ ♥♦❞❡s ❝❧♦s❡ t♦ ❥♦✐♥ts
✷✸✽

sá śévr.dhamádhi dhā dyumnámasmé

máhi ks.atrám. janās.ā´..dindra távyam |
ráks.ā ca no maghónah. pāhı́ sūr´ı̄n
rāyé ca nah. svapatyā´ is.é dhāh. || 11 ||
 ✷✸✾

✶✶✳ ❙✉❝❤ t❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ s❤❛r❡❞ ❛♠♦♥❣ ✉s

✐♥❝r❡❛s✐♥❣✲❢❡❧✐❝✐t② ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t❡✱
❣r❡❛t s✉♣r❡♠❛❝②✱ s✉❜❞✉✐♥❣✲❝r❡❛t✉r❡s str❡♥❣t❤✱ ❖ Indra✦
❆❧s♦✱ ❣✉❛r❞s ✉s✱ ♣r♦t❡❝t ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ✐♥st✐t✉t♦rs ❬♦❢ t❤❡ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡❪✦
❆♥❞ t❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ ✜① r✐❝❤❡s ❢♦r ✉s
t♦ ❤❛✈❡ ❛ ❧✐❜❛t✐♦♥ ❛♥❞ ❣♦♦❞ ♦✛s♣r✐♥❣s✳

❱❡rs❡s ✷✕✺ ❛r❡ ✐♥str✉❝t✐♦♥s t♦ ❛ ♣❛rt✐❝✐♣❛♥t ♦❢ t❤❡ r✐t✉❛❧ ✇❤♦ ✐s ❛

❝❤❛r✐♦t ❢♦r Indra✱ t❤❛t ✐s✱ ✐s ❣♦✐♥❣✱ ✐❢ ❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣ ♣r♦❝❡❡❞s ✇❡❧❧✱ t♦
❜❡ ♣♦ss❡ss❡❞ ❜② Indra✳ ❱❡rs❡s ✻✕✶✵ ❛r❡ ❛ ♠✐① ♦❢ ❛♣♣❡❛❧s t♦ Indra✱
❛♥❞ ♦❢ ✐♥str✉❝t✐♦♥s ❛♥❞ ❡①♣❧❛♥❛t✐♦♥s t♦ s❡✈❡r❛❧ ♣❛rt✐❝✐♣❛♥ts✳
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✳✺✺

Savya Āṅgirasa | Jagatı̄ | t♦ Indra

diváścidasya varimā´ vı́ papratha

ı́ndram . ná mahnā´ pr.thiv´ı̄ caná práti |
bhı̄mástúvis.māñcars.an.ı́bhya ātapáh.
śı́śı̄te vájram
. téjase ná vám . sagah. || 1 ||

só arn.avó ná nadyàh. samudrı́yah.

práti gr.bhn.āti vı́śritā várı̄mabhih. |
ı́ndrah. sómasya pı̄táye vr..sāyate
sanā´tsá yudhmá ójasā panasyate || 2 ||

tvám . támindra párvatam . ná bhójase

mahó nr.mn.ásya dhárman.āmirajyasi |
prá vı̄ryèn.a devátā´ti cekite
vı́śvasmā ugráh. kárman.e puróhitah. || 3 ||

sá ı́dváne namasyúbhirvacasyate

cā´ru jánes.u prabruvān.á indriyám |
vŕ..sā chándurbhavati haryató vŕ..sā
ks.émen.a dhénām. maghávā yádı́nvati || 4 ||

sá ı́nmahā´ni samithā´ni majmánā

kr.n.óti yudhmá ójasā jánebhyah. |
ádhā caná śráddadhati tvı́s.ı̄mata
ı́ndrāya vájram . nighánighnate vadhám || 5 ||
 ✷✹✶

✶✳ ❊✈❡♥ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ❤✐s r❡❛❝❤ ❤❛s s♣r❡❛❞ ♦✉t✱

♥♦t ❡✈❡♥ t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤ ❬✐s❪ ✐♥ ♦♥ ♣❛r ✇✐t❤ Indra
✇✐t❤ ❬❤✐s❪ ❡①❝❡ss✐✈❡♥❡ss✳
❚❡rr✐❢②✐♥❣✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r ♦❢ ❝♦♥tr♦❧✱
❢♦r ❞r❛✇✐♥❣ t♦ t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s r❛❞✐❛t✐♥❣ ❤❡❛t ✱
✶ ✷
❤❡ ✇❤❡ts t❤❡ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t ❢♦r ✐t t♦ ❜❡ s❤❛r♣ ✖ ❧✐❦❡ ❛♥ ♦① ❬❤♦r♥s❪✳
✷✳ ▲✐❦❡ ❛ ❣r❡❛t❧② s✇❡❧❧✐♥❣ ✇✐t❤ ✢♦♦❞s ❧❛❦❡
❬❛❝❝❡♣ts❪ ✢♦✇✐♥❣ ❬✐♥t♦ ✐t❪ ✇❛t❡rs✱
❤❡ ❛❝❝❡♣ts s❡♣❛r❛t❡ ❬str❡❛♠s ♦❢ s❡♥s❛t✐♦♥s❪
✸
✇✐t❤ ❬❤✐s❪ ❡①♣❛♥s✐✈❡ ❬❢r❛♠❡s ♦❢ ❝♦❣♥✐t✐♦♥❪✳
Indra ❜❡❝♦♠❡s ❛r♦✉s❡❞ ❧✐❦❡ ❛ ❜✉❧❧ ✐♥ ♦r❞❡r t♦ ❞r✐♥❦ Soma✳
❋r♦♠ ♦❢ ♦❧❞ ❤❡ ❛s ❛ ✜❣❤t❡r ❡✈♦❦❡s ❛❞♠✐r❛t✐♦♥ ❜② ❬❤✐s❪ ❢r❡♥③②✳
✸✳ ❖ Indra✱ t❤♦✉ ❛rr❛♥❣❡ ♣r♦♣s ♦❢ ❛ ❣r❡❛t ❝♦✉r❛❣❡
t♦ ✉s❡ t❤❛t ♦♥❡ ❧✐❦❡ ❛ ❦♥♦tt② ♦♥❡✳ ❬■t✬s t❤♦✉✱ ✇❤♦❪
t❤r♦✉❣❤ t❤❡ ✈❛❧♦r ❬✐s❪ ♣r❡❬❡♠✐♥❡♥t❪ ❛♠♦♥❣ deva✲s✱
❬✐t ✐s t❤❡❡✱ ✇❤♦♠❪ ♦♥❡ ❝❛r❡❢✉❧❧② s❡❡❦s ❛❣❛✐♥ ❛♥❞ ❛❣❛✐♥✳
❋❡r♦❝✐♦✉s✱ ❢♦r ❡✈❡r② ❛❝t✐♦♥ ❬t❤♦✉ ❛r❡❪ ♣❧❛❝❡❞ ✐♥ ❢r♦♥t✳
✖✖
✹✳ ❏✉st ❤❡ ✱ ❬✇❤♦ ✐s❪ ✐♥ ❛ ✇♦♦❞❡♥ ❬❝✉♣❪✱
✹
t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ♠❛❦✐♥❣ ❤♦♠❛❣❡ ❬✇♦rs❤✐♣❡rs❪ ♠✉r♠✉rs✱
✐♥❞✐❝❛t✐♥❣ ❡st❡❡♠❡❞ ❛♠♦♥❣ ♣❡♦♣❧❡
❬Indra✬s❪ ♣♦✇❡r ♦✈❡r ❛✛❡❝t✐♦♥s✳
●❛t❤❡r✐♥❣ ❬❧✐❦❡ ❛ st♦r♠❪ ❜✉❧❧ ❜❡❝♦♠❡s ❞❡❧✐❣❤t❡❞✲✐♥ ❜✉❧❧
✇❤❡♥ ❤❡ ✱ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s✱ ❛t ❡❛s❡✱ ✐♥❢✉s❡s str❡♥❣t❤
✺
✐♥t♦ t❤❡ ♠✐❧❝❤ ❝♦✇ ✳ ✻
✺✳ ●❡♥❡r❛❧❧②✱ ❥✉st ❤❡ ✱ t❤❡ ✜❣❤t❡r✱
✼
❝r❡❛t❡s ✇✐t❤ ❬❤✐s❪ ❢r❡♥③② ❣r❡❛t ❝♦♥t❡sts ❢♦r t❤❡ ♣❡♦♣❧❡✳
◆♦t ❡✈❡♥ t❤❡♥✱ r❡❛❧❧②✱ ❤❡ s❡ts ✉♣ ✽
❢♦r ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② ❛❣✐t❛t✐♦♥✱
❛ss❛✐❧✐♥❣ ❛❣❛✐♥ ❛♥❞ ❛❣❛✐♥ Indra✱
t❤❡ ❞❡❛❞❧② ✇❡❛♣♦♥ ✖ t❤❡ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✳

✶ ❂s❡♥s❡s
✷ t❤❛t ✐s✱ ♠❛❦✐♥❣ t❤❡ s❡♥s❡s ♠♦r❡ ❛❝t✐✈❡✱ ✢✉✐❞✱ ✇✐t❤ ♠♦r❡ ❞✐♠❡♥s✐♦♥❛❧ ❝♦❧♦rs✱
s♦✉♥❞s✱ s♠❡❧❧s✱ ❡t❝✳
✸ ❂ ✏✐♥t❡❣r❛t❡s✑
✹ Soma
✺ Soma
✻ ♣r♦❜✳ ✏s♣❡❡❝❤✑
✼ Indra
✽ Soma
✷✹✷

sá hı́ śravasyúh. sádanāni kr.trı́mā

ks.mayā´ vr.dhāná ójasā vināśáyan |
. .si kr.n.vánnavr.kā´n.i yájyavé va
′
jyótı̄m
sukrátuh. sártavā´ apáh. sr.jat || 6 ||

dānā´ya mánah. somapāvannastu te ′rvā´ñcā

hárı̄ vandanaśrudā´ kr.dhi |
yámis..thāsah. sā´rathayo yá indra te
ná tvā kétā ā´ dabhnuvanti bhū´rn.ayah. || 7 ||

ápraks.itam . vásu bibhars.i hástayor

. sáhastanváı śrutó dadhe |
ás.ā..dham
ā´vr.tāso ′vatā´so ná kartŕ.bhis
tanū´.su te krátava indra bhū´rayah. || 8 ||
 ✷✹✸

✻✳ ❙✐♥❝❡ ❤❡ ✱ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ ❛✉❞✐t♦r② ✐♠♣r❡ss✐♦♥✱

✾
str❡♥❣t❤❡♥✐♥❣ ❤✐♠s❡❧❢ ❛❧❧ ♦✈❡r t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤ ✱ ✶✵
❬✐s❪ ✈✐❣♦r♦✉s❧② r❡♥❞❡r✐♥❣ ✐♥❡✛❡❝t✐✈❡
♥♦♥✲♥❛t✉r❛❧ ❬❢♦r Indra✬s r❛❣❡❪ ❛❜♦❞❡s✱
❬t❤✉s❪ ❡✛❡❝t✐♥❣ ❢♦r ♦♥❡✱ ✇❤♦ s❡❡❦s t♦ ♠❛❦❡ ❛♥ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣✱
♥♦♥✲t❡❛r✐♥❣ ❧✐❣❤ts ✱ ✶✶
❤❡ ✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❣♦♦❞ ❞❡s✐❣♥s✱ s❤❛❧❧ ❧❡t t❤❡ ✇❛t❡rs ♦✛ t♦ ✢♦✇✳
✶✷
✼✳ ▲❡t t❤② ♠✐♥❞✱ ❖ Soma✲❞r✐♥❦✐♥❣ ♦♥❡✱ ❜❡ ❢♦r ❣✐✈✐♥❣✦
▼❛❦❡ t❤❡ t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s ❝♦♠✐♥❣ ❤✐t❤❡r✇❛r❞✱
❖ ❧✐st❡♥✐♥❣ t♦ ♣r❛✐s❡✦
❚❤♦s❡ ❝❤❛r✐♦t❡❡rs ✇❤♦ ❛r❡ t❤②✱ ❖ Indra✱
✶✸
❬❛r❡❪ ❜❡st ❛t r❡str❛✐♥✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡✐r ❡♠♦t✐♦♥s❪✳
❘❛s❤ t❤♦✉❣❤ts ❞♦ ♥♦t ❞❡❝❡✐✈❡ t❤❡❡✳
✽✳ ❚❤♦✉ ❜r✐♥❣ ✐♥❡①❤❛✉st✐❜❧❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡ ✐♥t♦ t❤❡ t✇♦ ❤❛♥❞s✱
❤❡ ✐s ❢❛♠❡❞ t♦ ♣✉t ✐♥✈✐♥❝✐❜❧❡ ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ str❡♥❣t❤
✶✹
✐♥t♦ ❜♦❞✐❡s ✖
✇r❛♣♣❡❞ ❬✇✐t❤ ❛ ♣r♦t❡❝t✐✈❡ s❤✐❡❧❞❪ ✐♥ ❬t❤❡✐r❪ ❜♦❞✐❡s
❧✐❦❡ ✇❡❧❧s ❬❛r❡ ✇r❛♣♣❡❞ ✇✐t❤ st♦♥❡s❪ ❜② ♠❛❦❡rs
❬❛r❡❪ ♠❛♥② t❤② ✇✐❧② ♦♥❡s✱ ❖ Indra✦

✾ ✐♥♥❡r Soma
✶✵ t❤❛t ✐s✱ t❤r♦✉❣❤♦✉t t❤❡ ❡♥t✐r❡ ❜♦❞②
✶✶ ✏♥♦♥✲t❡❛r✐♥❣ ❧✐❣❤ts✑ ♠❡❛♥s ✏♥♦♥✲tr❛♣♣✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♠✐♥❞ ✐♥ ♦♥❡ ♦❢ ❝♦♠♣❧❡t❡❧②
❝❛♣t✉r✐♥❣ ❛tt❡♥t✐♦♥ ✐♠❛❣❡s✑✱ ✏s❤♦✇✐♥❣ ❡♥t✐r❡ ♣✐❝t✉r❡ ✐♥st❡❛❞ ♦❢ s♣♦t✲
❧✐❣❤t✐♥❣✑
✶✷ Indra
✶✸ ❝❤❛r✐♦t❡❡r ❤❡r❡ ❂ t❤❡ ♠✐♥❞ ♦❢ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ✐s ♣♦ss❡ss❡❞ ❜② Indra
✶✹ Soma
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✳✺✻

Savya Āṅgirasa | Jagatı̄ | t♦ Indra

es.á prá pūrv´ı̄ráva tásya camrı́s.ó ′tyo

ná yós.āmúdayam . sta bhurván.ih. |
dáks.am. mahé pāyayate hiran.yáyam .
ráthamāvŕ.tyā háriyogamŕ.bhvasam || 1 ||

tám
. gūrtáyo nemannı́s.ah. párı̄n.asah.
samudrám . ná sam . cáran.e sanis.yávah. |
pátim. dáks. asya vidáthasya nū´ sáho
girı́m
. ná ven ´
ā ádhi roha téjasā || 2 ||

sá turván.irmahā´m̃ . aren.ú paum´ . sye

girérbhr..s.tı́rná bhrājate tujā´ śávah. |
yéna śús.n.am . māyı́namāyasó máde
dudhrá ābhū´.su rāmáyannı́ dā´mani || 3 ||

dev´ı̄ yádi távis.ı̄ tvā´vr.dhotáya

ı́ndram . sı́s.aktyus.ásam . ná sū´ryah. |
yó dhr..sn.únā śávasā bā´dhate táma
ı́yarti ren.úm . br.hádarharis.ván.ih. || 4 ||
 ✷✹✺

✶✳ ❖✛ ❢r♦♠ ❬❜❡✐♥❣ s❛t✐s✜❡❞ ✇✐t❤ ❥✉st ❛❪ ❧❛❞❧❡ ♦❢ t❤❛t✱ t❤✐s ♦♥❡

✶
✐♥ ❢r♦♥t ♦❢ ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥t ❬❧✐❜❛t✐♦♥s❪ ❬r❛✐s❡s ❤✐♠s❡❧❢ ❪ ❢♦rt❤ ✖
❧✐❦❡ ❛♥ ✐♠♣❛t✐❡♥t ❝♦✉rs❡r r❛✐s❡s ❤✐♠s❡❧❢ ✉♣ ❬t♦ ♠♦✉♥t❪ ❛ ♠❛r❡✳
❚♦ ❛r♦✉s❡ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r ♦❢ ❞✐s❝❡r♥♠❡♥t✱
❤❡ ♠❛❦❡s ❤✐♠s❡❧❢ ❞r✐♥❦ t❤❡ ❡♥❝❤❛♥t✐♥❣ ❬❞r✐♥❦❪
❬✇❤✐❧❡❪ t✉r♥✐♥❣ t♦✇❛r❞s ♣r✉❞❡♥t ②♦❦✐♥❣✲t❛✇♥②✲♦♥❡s ✏❝❤❛r✐♦t✑✳
✷✳ ❍✐♠ ❬✇❤♦ ❤❛s❪ ❛♥ ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥❝❡ ❬♦❢ t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡❪
❛♥✐♠❛t❡❞✲❜②✲❝♦♥t✐♥✉♦✉s✲❣✉✐❞❛♥❝❡ ❡✛♦rts ❬❛r❡❪ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ t♦ r❡❛❝❤
❧✐❦❡ ❬str❡❛♠s r❡❛❝❤❪ ❛ ❧❛❦❡
✷
❛t t❤❡ ❝♦♥✈❡r❣❡♥❝❡ ❬♦❢ ❞♦✇♥❤✐❧❧ s❧♦♣❡s❪✳
◆♦✇✱ ❬❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❜❡❝♦♠❡❪ ♣r❡✈❛✐❧✐♥❣ ❬♦✈❡r ♦❜st❛❝❧❡s❪✱
❛s❝❡♥❞ t❤❡ ♦✈❡rs❡❡r
✸ ♦❢ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r ♦❢ ❞✐s❝❡r♥♠❡♥t ❬❛♥❞❪
♦❢ ❛ ❦♥♦✇❧❡❞❣❡✲s❤❛r✐♥❣ s❡ss✐♦♥ ✖
❧✐❦❡ ❡❛❣❡r ♦♥❡s ❬❛s❝❡♥❞❪ ❛ ♠♦✉♥t❛✐♥ ✖ ✇✐t❤ ❛r❞♦r✳
✸✳ ❍❡✱ ♠✐❣❤t② ✐♥ ❬❤✐s❪ ♠❛♥❧② str❡♥❣t❤ ✇✐t❤♦✉t ❬❡✈❡♥ r❛✐s✐♥❣❪ ❞✉st✱
❬✐s❪ ♦✈❡r♣♦✇❡r✐♥❣✳
❬❍✐s❪ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡ t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡ s❤✐♥❡s ❬❢♦r ✉s❪
❧✐❦❡ t❤❡ ♣✐♥♥❛❝❧❡ ♦❢ ❛ ♠♦✉♥t❛✐♥ ❬✖ t❡♠♣t✐♥❣ t♦ tr❛✈❡❧❪ ✖
❬t❤❛t ✐♠♣✉❧s❡❪ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ✇❤✐❝❤ ✐♥ ❬❤✐s❪ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t✐♦♥
t❤❡ ✐r♦♥ ❬t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t❪
✹ ❬❞❡❣r❛❞❡❞❪✺
❤❛✈✐♥❣✲t❤❡✲♣♦✇❡r✲t♦✲❢r❛♠❡✲❬✐❞❡❛s ❛♥❞ ♣❡r❝❡♣t✐♦♥❪ Śus.n.a✳
✻
❬❍❡ ✱❪ ♣r♦✈♦❦✐♥❣ ❛♥❣❡r ✐♥ ❬❤✐s❪ ❤❡❧♣❡rs✱
s❤❛❧❧ ❞❡t❛✐♥ ❬Śus
. n.a❪ ✐♥ ❢❡tt❡rs✱
✹✳ ✐❢ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥✐♥❣ t❤❡❡
✼ ❞✐✈✐♥❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝♦♥tr♦❧
❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡s Indra ✐♥ ♦r❞❡r t♦ ❤❡❧♣ ❬t❤❛t❪ ✖
❧✐❦❡ t❤❡ s✉♥ ❬❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡s❪ t❤❡ ❞❛✇♥✳
❲❤♦ r❡♣❡❧s ❬♠❡♥t❛❧❪ ✐♥❡rt✐❛ ✇✐t❤ ❞❛r✐♥❣ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱
❤❡✱ ♠❛❦✐♥❣ ❡♥❡♠✐❡s ❝r② ❛❧♦✉❞✱ r❛✐s❡s t❤❡ ❞✉st ❢❛r ❛♥❞ ✇✐❞❡✳
✖✖

✶ Indra
✷ ❧✐t✳ ✏s❡❛✑
✸ ✐♥♥❡r Soma
✹ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✽✳✾✻✳✸❛
✺ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✶✳✶✶✳✼❜
✻ Indra
✼ ❛❞❡♣t ♦❢ Indra
✷✹✻

′
vı́ yáttiró dharún.amácyutam
. rájó tis..thipo
divá ā´tāsu barhán.ā |
svàrmı̄..dhe yánmáda indra hárs.yā´han
vr.trám. nı́rapā´maubjo arn.avám || 5 ||

tvám. divó dharún.am. dhis.a ójasā

pr.thivyā´ indra sádanes.u mā´hinah. |
tvám. sutásya máde arin.ā apó
vı́ vr.trásya samáyā pās.yā`rujah. || 6 ||
 ✷✹✼

✺✳ ❲❤❡♥ t❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ❝❛✉s❡❞ t❤❡ r❡❣✐♦♥ ❬♦❢ t❤♦✉❣❤ts❪ t♦ r❡♠❛✐♥

❛♣❛rt ❬❛♥❞❪ ❜❡②♦♥❞ ❛♥ ✉♥s❤❛❦❛❜❧❡ s✉♣♣♦rt✱
✜r♠❧② ✐♥ t❤❡ ❞♦♦r✲❢r❛♠❡s ♦❢ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥✱
✽
✇❤❡♥ ❞✉r✐♥❣ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ svàr✲❛s✲t❤❡✲♣r✐③❡ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t✐♦♥ ❬♦❢ Soma❪✱
✐♥ ✐♠♣❛t✐❡♥t ❡①❝✐t❡♠❡♥t t❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ s❧❛②❡❞ Vr.tra✱
t❤♦✉ ❡❧✐❝✐t❡❞ t❤❡ ✢♦♦❞ ♦❢ t❤❡ ✇❛t❡rs✳
✻✳ ❚❤♦✉ ✈✐❣♦r♦✉s❧② ❡st❛❜❧✐s❤ t❤❡ s✉♣♣♦rt
♦❢ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ❬❛♥❞❪ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤
✐♥ t❤❡ s❡❛ts ❬♦❢ Soma❪ ✖ ❬t❤✉s❪ ❝❛✉s✐♥❣ ❥♦②❀
✐♥ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❬Soma❪ t❤♦✉ s❡t ❢r❡❡ t❤❡ ✇❛t❡rs✱
t❤♦✉ ❝♦♠♣❧❡t❡❧② ❜r♦❦❡ ✐♥t♦ ♣✐❡❝❡s st♦♥❡ r❛♠♣❛rts ♦❢ Vr.tra✳

✽ ♣r♦❜✳ s❡♥s❡ ♦r❣❛♥s

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✳✺✼

Savya Āṅgirasa | Jagatı̄ | t♦ Indra

prá mám . his..thāya br.haté br.hádraye

satyáśus.māya taváse matı́m . bhare |
apā´miva pravan.é yásya durdháram .
rā´dho viśvā´yu śávase ápāvr.tam || 1 ||

ádha te vı́śvamánu hāsadis..táya

ā´po nimnéva sávanā havı́s.matah. |
yátpárvate ná samáśı̄ta haryatá
ı́ndrasya vájrah. śnáthitā hiran.yáyah. || 2 ||

asmáı bhı̄mā´ya námasā sámadhvará

ús.o ná śubhra ā´ bharā pánı̄yase |
yásya dhā´ma śrávase nā´mendriyám .
jyótirákāri harı́to nā´yase || 3 ||

imé ta indra té vayám . purus..tuta

yé tvārábhya cárāmasi prabhūvaso |
nahı́ tvádanyó girvan.o gı́rah. sághat
ks.on.´ı̄riva práti no harya tádvácah. || 4 ||

bhū´ri ta indra vı̄ryàm. tava smasyasyá

stotúrmaghavankā´mamā´ pr.n.a |
´ . hat´ı̄ vı̄ryàm
ánu te dyaurbr . mama
iyám. ca te pr
. thiv´
ı̄ nema ójase || 5 ||

tvám. támindra párvatam . mahā´murúm .

vájren.a vajrinparvaśáścakartitha |
ávāsr.jo nı́vr.tāh. sártavā´ apáh.
satrā´ vı́śvam. dadhis.e kévalam . sáhah. || 6 ||
 ✷✹✾

✶✳ ■ ❜r✐♥❣ ❢♦rt❤ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❣❡st✉r❡

❢♦r t❤❡ ♠♦st ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ❡①♣❛♥s✐✈❡ ♦♥❡✱
✇❤♦s❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡ ✐s ❛♠♣❧❡✱ t♦ str♦♥❣ ♦♥❡ ✇❤♦s❡ ❢❡r✈♦r ✐s ❣❡♥✉✐♥❡✳
❲❤♦s❡ ❞✐✣❝✉❧t t♦ ♠❛✐♥t❛✐♥ ❧✐❦❡ ❬✢♦✇❪ ♦❢ ✇❛t❡r ♦♥ ❛ s❧♦♣❡✱
❛❣✐t❛t✐♥❣ ❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣ ❢❛✈♦✉r ❬✐s❪ ❧❛✐❞ ♦♣❡♥
❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ ❬❤✐s❪ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡ t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✳
✷✳ ▼♦r❡♦✈❡r✱ ❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣ ❢♦r t❤❡❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡ ❛t ❤❛♥❞ ✭♦❢ ❝♦✉rs❡✮
❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ r❡q✉❡st❀
❧✐❦❡ ✇❛t❡rs t❤r♦✉❣❤ ❛ ❞❡♣r❡ss✐♦♥
♣r❡ss❡❞ ♦✉t Soma ❥✉✐❝❡s ♦❢ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ❤❛s ♦❜❧❛t✐♦♥s ❬s❤❛❧❧ ✢♦✇❪✳
❲❤❡♥ t❤❡ ❞❡❧✐❣❤t❡❞✲✐♥ ❬Soma❪✶
❛s ✐❢ ❤❛s ✇❤❡tt❡❞ ✐ts❡❧❢ ✐♥❬s✐❞❡❪ t❤❡ ❦♥♦tt② ♦♥❡✷ ✱
❬t❤❡♥❪ Indra✬s t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t ✇✐❧❧ ❜❡ ❡♥❝❤❛♥t✐♥❣ ♣✐❡r❝❡r✳
✸✳ ❉✉r✐♥❣ ♣r♦❝❡❡❞✐♥❣ ♦♥ ✐ts ✇❛② ❬s❛❝r✐✜❝❡❪ ❞♦ ❜r✐♥❣ r❡✈❡r❡♥t❧②✱
❖ r❡♣❧❡♥✐s❤✐♥❣✲❧✐❦❡✲❛✲❞❛✇♥ ♦♥❡✸ ✱
❬t❤❡ ♠✐❧❦✹ ❪✺ t♦ t❤✐s t❡rr✐❢②✐♥❣ ♠♦r❡✲✇♦rt❤②✲♦❢✲❛❞♠✐r❛t✐♦♥ ♦♥❡✱
t❤❡ st❛t❡ ♦❢ ✇❤♦♠ ❬✐s❪ ❢♦r ❬❛tt❛✐♥✐♥❣❪ ❢❛♠❡✱
❬✇❤♦s❡❪ ❝❤❛r❛❝t❡r✐st✐❝ ✐s t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r ♦✈❡r ❛✛❡❝t✐♦♥s ✻ ✦
❚❤❡ ❧✐❣❤t ✇❛s ❡✛❡❝t❡❞ t♦ ♠♦✈❡ ❧✐❦❡ ❜❛② ♠❛r❡s✳
✹✳ ❚❤❡s❡ ❬❛r❡❪ t❤②✱ ❖ Indra✦ ❲❡ ❛r❡ t❤♦s❡✱ ❖ ♠✉❝❤✲❡✉❧♦❣✐③❡❞ ♦♥❡✱
✇❤♦ ❝❛rr② ♦♥ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❛❦❡♥ ❤♦❧❞ ♦❢ t❤❡❡✱
❖ ✇❤♦s❡ ❜❡♥❡✜ts ❛r❡ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st ♦♥❡✱
s✐♥❝❡ ♥♦ ♦♥❡ ♦t❤❡r t❤❛♥ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ ❧♦♥❣✐♥❣ ❢♦r ❛ ❝❤❛♥t✱
s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡ ❛ ♠❛t❝❤ ❢♦r t❤❡ ❝❤❛♥ts✳
❇❡ ♣❧❡❛s❡❞ ✇✐t❤ t❤✐s s♣❡❡❝❤ ✐♥ ♦✉r ♣r❡s❡♥❝❡
❧✐❦❡ ❬t❤♦✉ ❞✐❞❪ ✐♥ t❤❡ ♣r❡s❡♥❝❡ ♦❢ tr❡♠❜❧✐♥❣ ❬♦t❤❡rs❪✦
✺✳ ❆❜✉♥❞❛♥t ✐s t❤②✱ ❖ Indra✱ ✈❛❧♦r✳ ❲❡ ❛r❡ t❤②✳
❉♦ s❛t❡ t❤❡ ❧♦♥❣✐♥❣ ♦❢ t❤✐s ♣r❛✐s❡r✱ ❖ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡✦
❚❤❡ ✈❛st ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ❤❛s ♠❡t❡❞ ✐ts❡❧❢ ♦✉t t♦ ♠❛t❝❤ t❤② ✈❛❧♦r✱
❛♥❞ t❤✐s ❊❛rt❤ ❤❛s s✉❜♠✐tt❡❞ ✐ts❡❧❢ t♦ t❤② ❢r❡♥③②✳
✻✳ ❲✐t❤ t❤❡ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✱ ❖ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲✇✐❡❧❞❡r✱ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱
❤❛s ❝✉t ❧✐♠❜ ❜② ❧✐♠❜ t❤❛t ♠✐❣❤t② ❜r♦❛❞ ❦♥♦tt② ♦♥❡✱
t❤♦✉ s❡♥t ♦✛ r❡str❛✐♥❡❞ ✇❛t❡rs t♦ ✢♦✇✳
❚❤♦✉ ❛❧✇❛②s ♦❜t❛✐♥❡❞ ❛❧❧✲♣❡r✈❛❞✐♥❣ ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ str❡♥❣t❤
❛s ❡①❝❧✉s✐✈❡❧② t❤② ♦✇♥✳

✶ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✸✳✹✹✳✶❛❜

✷ ❂✏t❤❡ ♠✉s❝❧❡s ♦❢ t❤❡ ❜♦❞②✑
✸ Prśni
. .
✹ t❤❡ ❡♥❡r❣② t♦ ❞❛r❡
✺ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✽✳✶✷✳✸✷❝
✻ ♦r✱ ❡✈❡♥✱ ❛✛❡❝t❛t✐♦♥s
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✳✻✶

Nodhas s♦♥ ♦❢ Gotama | Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra

asmā´ ı́du prá taváse turā´ya

práyo ná harmi stómam . mā´hināya |
ŕ.cı̄s.amāyā´dhrigava óham
ı́ndrāya bráhmān.i rātátamā || 1 ||

asmā´ ı́du práya iva prá yam . si

bhárāmyāṅgūs.ám
. b ´
ā dhe . ktı́ |
suvr
ı́ndrāya hr.dā´ mánasā manı̄s.ā´
pratnā´ya pátye dhı́yo marjayanta || 2 ||

asmā´ ı́du tyámupamám . svars.ā´m

.
bhárāmyāṅgūs.ámāsyèna |
mám. his..thamáchoktibhirmatı̄nā´m .
. vāvr.dhádhyai || 3 ||
suvr.ktı́bhih. sūrı́m

asmā´ ı́du stómam . sám. hinomi

rátham . ná tás..teva tátsināya |
gı́raśca gı́rvāhase suvr.kt´ı̄ndrāya
viśvaminvám . médhirāya || 4 ||

asmā´ ı́du sáptimiva śravasyéndrāyārkám

.
juhvā` sámañje |
vı̄rám
. dānaukasam
´ . vandádhyai
purā´m. . darmā´n.am || 5 ||
gūrtáśravasam

asmā´ ı́du tvás..tā taks.advájram .

svápastamam . svaryàm . rán.āya |
vr.trásya cidvidádyéna márma
tujánn´ı̄śānastujatā´ kiyedhā´h. || 6 ||
 ✷✺✶

✶✳ ❏✉st t♦ t❤✐s ♦♥❡ ✖ str♦♥❣ ♣r♦♠♣t ❝❛✉s✐♥❣ ❥♦② ♦♥❡✱

■ ♦✛❡r ❜r✐♥❣✐♥❣✲❬❤✐♠❪✲♥❡❛r ❤②♠♥ ♦❢ ♣r❛✐s❡ ❛s ❛ ❞❡❧✐❣❤t✱
t♦ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ✐s s♦✉❣❤t ✇✐t❤ ❛ ✈❡rs❡✱ t♦ ✐rr❡s✐st✐❜❧❡ ♦♥❡✱
t♦ Indra ❬■ ♦✛❡r❪ ♠♦st✲♣r❡s❡♥t❡❞✲❬t♦✲❤✐♠❪ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥s✳
✷✳ ❏✉st t♦ t❤✐s ♦♥❡ ❧❡t ♠❡ ❞✐s♣❛t❝❤ ❬✐t❪ ❧✐❦❡ ❛ ❞❡❧✐❣❤t✦
■♥ ❛ ❞✐str❡ss ■ ❜r✐♥❣ ❬❢♦rt❤❪ ❛ ❧♦✉❞ ✇❡❧❧✲t✇✐st❡❞ ❬♣❤r❛s❡❪✳
❋♦r Indra ❬✐s❪ ❬t❤✐s❪ ❝♦♥❝❡♣t✐♦♥
❬✇❤✐❝❤ ✐s❪ ✉s✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❤❡❛rt ❬❛♥❞❪ t❤❡ ♠✐♥❞✳
❋♦r t❤❡ ♣r✐♠♦r❞✐❛❧ ♦✈❡rs❡❡r ❬♦❢ t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡❪
✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥s ❝❧❡❛♥s❡ ❬t❤❡ ♠✐♥❞ ❢r♦♠ ❞✐str❛❝t✐♦♥s❪✳
✸✳ ❏✉st t♦ t❤✐s ♦♥❡ ■ ❜r✐♥❣ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ♠♦✉t❤
t❤✐s ♠♦st ❡①❝❡❧❧❡♥t ❣❛✐♥✐♥❣✲svàr ❧♦✉❞ ❬❝❤❛♥t ♦❢ ♣r❛✐s❡❪ ✖
t♦ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥ t❤❡ ♠♦st ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ✐♥st✐t✉t♦r ♦❢ t❤❡ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡
✇✐t❤ ❞✐r❡❝t❡❞ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s ♦❢ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❣❡st✉r❡s✱
✇✐t❤ ✇❡❧❧✲t✇✐st❡❞ ❬✈❡rs❡s❪✳
✹✳ ❏✉st ❢♦r t❤✐s ♦♥❡ ■ s❡t ✐♥ ♠♦t✐♦♥ ❛ ❤②♠♥ ♦❢ ♣r❛✐s❡
✭❧✐❦❡ ❛ ❝❤❛r✐♦t✲❜✉✐❧❞❡r ❬s❡ts ✐♥ ♠♦t✐♦♥❪ ❛ ❝❤❛r✐♦t
❢♦r ✇✐s❤✐♥❣ t♦ ❛❝q✉✐r❡ ❬✐t ♣❛tr♦♥❪✮✱
✇❡❧❧✲t✇✐st❡❞ ❬♣❤r❛s❡❪ ❛♥❞ ❝❤❛♥ts
❢♦r t❤❡ ❝♦♥✈❡②❡❞ ❜② ❝❤❛♥ts ♦♥❡✱ ❢♦r Indra
❬■ s❡t ✐♥ ♠♦t✐♦♥❪ ✐♥✈✐❣♦r❛t✐♥❣ ❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣ ❬❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥❪✱
❢♦r ♣♦ss❡ss✐♥❣ ♦❢ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ✈✐❣♦✉r ♦♥❡✳
✺✳ ❏✉st ❢♦r t❤✐s ♦♥❡✱ ❢♦r Indra✱ ■ ❛♥♦✐♥t ❜r✐s❦❧② ✖
❧✐❦❡ ❬♦♥❡ r✉❜s❪ ❛ ❝♦✉rs❡r ✖ ❛ ❤②♠♥ ♦❢ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t✐♦♥ ✇✐t❤ t♦♥❣✉❡✱
t♦ ✈❡♥❡r❛t❡ t❤❡ ❤❡r♦
✇❤♦s❡ ❤♦♠❡ ✐s ✇❤❡r❡ t❤❡r❡ ✐s ❛ ❣✐✈✐♥❣ ✉♣✱
❛ ❞❡♠♦❧✐s❤❡r ♦❢ str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞s
✇❤♦s❡ ❛✉❞✐t♦r② ✐♠♣r❡ss✐♦♥ ✐s ✇❡❧❝♦♠❡❞✳
✻✳ ❏✉st ❢♦r t❤✐s ♦♥❡ Tvas..t.r ❢❛s❤✐♦♥❡❞
❞♦✐♥❣✲❣♦♦❞✲❥♦❜ r♦❛r✐♥❣ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t ✖ t♦ ❬❤✐s❪ ❞❡❧✐❣❤t ✖
❬t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t❪ ✇✐t❤ ✇❤✐❝❤ ❤❡ s❤❛❧❧ ✜♥❞
❛ ♠♦rt❛❧ s♣♦t ♦❢ Vrtra ❛s ✇❡❧❧ ✱ ✶
❬❤❡✱❪ ❢♦❝✉s✐♥❣ ❬❡♥❡r❣②❪✱.
❝♦♠♠❛♥❞✐♥❣ ❜② ❢♦❝✉s✐♥❣ ❡✈❡♥✲❧✐tt❧❡✲❬❛♠♦✉♥ts ♦❢ ❡♥❡r❣② ❪✳
✷

✶ t❤❛t ✐s✱ ✐♥ ❛❞❞✐t✐♦♥ t♦ ♦t❤❡r ❞❡♠♦♥s

✷ vāja
✷✺✷

asyédu mātúh. sávanes.u sadyó

maháh. pitúm . papivā´ñcā´rvánnā |
mus.āyádvı́s.n.uh. pacatám . sáhı̄yān
vı́dhyadvarāhám . tiró ádrimástā || 7 ||

asmā´ ı́du gnā´ściddevápatnı̄r

ı́ndrāyārkámahihátya ūvuh. |
pári dyā´vāpr.thiv´ı̄ jabhra urv´ı̄
nā´sya té mahimā´nam . pári .s.tah. || 8 ||

asyédevá prá ririce mahitvám .

diváspr.thivyā´h. páryantáriks.āt |
svarā´..dı́ndro dáma ā´ viśvágūrtah.
svarı́rámatro vavaks.e rán.āya || 9 ||

asyédevá śávasā śus.ántam.

vı́ vr.ścadvájren.a vr.trámı́ndrah. |
gā´ ná vrān.ā´ avánı̄ramuñcad
abhı́ śrávo dāváne sácetāh. || 10 ||

asyédu tves.ásā ranta sı́ndhavah.

pári yádvájren.a sı̄máyachat |
ı̄śānakŕ.ddāśús.e daśasyán
turv´ı̄taye gādhám . turván.ih. kah. || 11 ||
 ✷✺✸

✼✳ ❏✉st ♦❢ t❤✐s ♦♥❡ ♠♦t❤❡r✬s ♥♦✉r✐s❤♠❡♥t

✸ ✹
❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❣❧❛❞❧② ❞r✉♥❦ ❡✈❡r② ❞❛② ❞✉r✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♣r❡ss✐♥❣s✱
❬❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❝♦♥s✉♠❡❞❪ t❤❡ ❡st❡❡♠❡❞ ❬♥❡❝t❛r❪✱ ❬❛♥❞❪ t❤❡ ✈✐❝t✉❛❧s✱
t❤❡ s❤♦♦t❡r s❤♦✉❧❞ ♣✐❡r❝❡ t❤❡ ❜♦❛r ❬❜✉t❪ ✇✐t❤♦✉t ❛ st♦♥❡ ✖
✺
s✐♥❝❡ ♠✐❣❤t✐❡r Vis.n.u ♠✐❣❤t st❡❛❧ t❤❡ ❝♦♦❦❡❞ ❬♠✐♥❞s❡t ❪✳
✻ ✼ ✽
✽✳ ❏✉st ❢♦r t❤✐s ♦♥❡ ❡✈❡♥ ✇✐✈❡s✱ ♠✐str❡ss❡s ♦❢ t❤❡ deva✱
✾
❤❛✈❡ ✇❡❛✈❡❞ ❛ ❤②♠♥ ♦❢ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t✐♦♥
❞✉r✐♥❣ s❧❛②✐♥❣ ♦❢ t❤❡ s♥❛❦❡✱ ❢♦r Indra✳
❍❡ ❝❛rr✐❡❞ ❤✐♠s❡❧❢ ❛❧❧ ♦✈❡r t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤ ✖
t❤❡ t✇♦ ✇✐❞❡ ♦♥❡s✳
❚❤♦s❡ t✇♦ ❛r❡ ♥♦t ✐♥ t❤❡ ✇❛②
♦❢ t❤✐s ♦♥❡✬s ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ✐♥❝r❡❛s❡ ✐♥ s✐③❡✳
✾✳ ❚❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❡①♣❛♥❞ ♦❢ ❥✉st ♦❢ t❤✐s ♦♥❡ ✶✵
❤❛s ✐♥❞❡❡❞ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ s✉♣❡r✐♦r
t♦ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥✱ t♦ t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤✱ t♦ t❤❡ ✐♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ s♣❛❝❡✳
❙❡❧❢✲r✉❧✐♥❣ Indra✱ ✇❡❧❝♦♠❡❞✲❜②✲❡✈❡r②♦♥❡ ❛t ❤♦♠❡✱
❡❛s✐❧② r✐s✐♥❣ ✉♣✇❛r❞s✱ ✐♥str✉♠❡♥t❛❧ t♦ ❜❡✐♥❣ ❢♦r❝❡❢✉❧✱
❤❡ ❤❛s ❣r♦✇♥ t♦ ❬❤✐s❪ ❞❡❧✐❣❤t✳
✶✶
✶✵✳ ❲✐t❤ t❤❡ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡ t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡ ♦❢ ❥✉st t❤✐s ♦♥❡ ✱ ✶✷
Indra s❤❛❧❧ ❤❡✇ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t ❤✐ss✐♥❣ Vrtra ✐♥t♦ ♣✐❡❝❡s✳
❍❡ s❡t ❢r❡❡ t❤❡ str❡❛♠s ❛s ✐❢ ♣❡♥t ✉♣ ❝♦✇s✱ .
✶✸
❬❤❡✱❪ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❤❡ s❛♠❡ ♠✐♥❞ ✖
✐♥ ♦r❞❡r t♦ ❣✐✈❡ ❬t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡❪ ❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ ❣❧♦r②✳
✶✶✳ ❚❤r♦✉❣❤ t❤❡ ✈❡❤❡♠❡♥❝❡ ♦❢ ❥✉st ♦❢ t❤✐s ♦♥❡ t❤❡ r✐✈❡rs st♦♣♣❡❞
✇❤❡♥ ❤❡ ❝♦♠♣❧❡t❡❧② ❤❡❧❞ t❤❡♠ ✉♣ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✳
❍❡✱ r❡♥❞❡r✐♥❣ ♦♥❡ ❝♦♠♣❡t❡♥t✱ r❡♥❞❡r✐♥❣ s❡r✈✐❝❡ t♦ ❛ ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡r✱
♦✈❡r♣♦✇❡r✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡♠❪✱ ❝r❡❛t❡❞ ❛ ❢♦r❞ ❢♦r Turvı̄ti✳

✸ Indra
✹ Prśni✬s ♠✐❧❦ ✖ t❤❡ ❡♥❡r❣② t♦ ❞❛r❡ t♦ r❡❜❡❧✱ t♦ tr❛♥s❣r❡ss
.
✺ ❂✏❛s♣✐r✐♥❣ t♦ t❤❡ st❛t❡ ♦❢ Indra ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡r✑
✻ ❤❡r❡ ❤❡ ♣❧❛②s t❤❡ r♦❧❡ ♦❢ ❛♥ ❛❝t✐✈❡ ♦♣♣♦s✐t✐♦♥ t♦ ❣r❡❛t ❝❤❛♥❣❡s ✐♥ t❤❡ ❜♦❞②
❛♥❞ t❤❡ ♠✐♥❞ t❤❛t t❤❡ st❛t❡ ♦❢ Indra ✐♥❞✉❝❡s
✼ ♣r❡♣❛r❡❞ ❜② ✐♥♥❡r ❤❡❛t✱ ♦r ❤❡❛t❡❞ ❜② ❛♥❣❡r
✽ manas
✾ ✐♥♥❡r ✇❛t❡rs ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥②✐♥❣ Indra
✶✵ ❛❞❡♣t ♦❢ Indra
✶✶ Indra
✶✷ ❛❞❡♣t ♦❢ Indra
✶✸ Indra
✷✺✹

asmā´ ı́du prá bharā tū´tujāno

vr.trā´ya vájram´ı̄śānah. kiyedhā´h. |
. syapā´m
górná párva vı́ radā tiraścés.yannárn.ām .
carádhyai || 12 ||

asyédu prá brūhi pūrvyā´n.i

turásya kármān.i návya ukthaıh ´. |
yudhé yádis.n.āná ā´yudhānyr.ghāyámān.o
nirin.ā´ti śátrūn || 13 ||

asyédu bhiyā´ giráyaśca dr...dhā´

dyā´vā ca bhū´mā janús.astujete |
úpo venásya jóguvāna on.ı́m .
sadyó bhuvadvı̄ryā`ya nodhā´h. || 14 ||

asmā´ ı́du tyádánu dāyyes.ām

éko yádvavné bhū´rer´ı̄śānah. |
práıtaśam. sū´rye paspr.dhānám .
sauvaśvye
´ sús.vimāvadı́ndrah. || 15 ||

evā´ te hāriyojanā suvr.kt´ı̄ndra

bráhmān.i gótamāso akran |
áıs.u viśvápeśasam
. dhı́yam . dhāh.
prātármaks.ū´ dhiyā´vasurjagamyāt || 16 ||
 ✷✺✺

✶✷✳ ❏✉st ❢♦r t❤✐s ♦♥❡ ❞♦ t❤♦✉ ✱ ✉r❣✐♥❣ ❛❣❛✐♥ ❛♥❞ ❛❣❛✐♥✱
✶✹ ✶✺
❜r✐♥❣ t❤❡ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t ❢♦rt❤✱ t♦ Vr.tra✱
❬t❤♦✉✱❪ ❝♦♠♠❛♥❞✐♥❣ ❡✈❡♥✲❧✐tt❧❡✲❬❛♠♦✉♥ts ♦❢ ❡♥❡r❣② ❪✳ ✶✻
❙❡✈❡r ❬❤✐♠ ❪ tr❛♥s✈❡rs❡❧② ❛s ✐❢ ❝♦✇✬s ❧✐♠❜✱
✶✼ ✶✽
❬t❤♦✉✱❪ s❡♥❞✐♥❣ ♦✛ t❤❡ ✢♦♦❞s ♦❢ ✇❛t❡rs t♦ r♦❛♠✳
✶✸✳ ❏✉st ♦❢ t❤✐s ♦♥❡✱ ♦❢ t❤❡ q✉✐❝❦ ♦♥❡✱
❞♦ ♣r♦❝❧❛✐♠ ❬t❤♦s❡❪ ❢♦r♠❡r ❞❡❡❞s ❛♥❡✇ ✖ ✇✐t❤ r❡❝✐t❡❞ ✈❡rs❡s❀
✇❤❡♥ ❝❛st✐♥❣ ✇❡❛♣♦♥s ❢♦r ❛ ✜❣❤t✱
❤❡✱ r❛❣✐♥❣✱ s❝❛tt❡rs ❡♥❡♠✐❡s✳
✶✹✳ ❇② t❤❡ ❞r❡❛❞ ♦❢ ❥✉st t❤✐s ♦♥❡ ✜r♠ ♠♦✉♥t❛✐♥s ❬❛r❡ s❤❛❦❡♥❪ ✱
✶✾ ✷✵
❛♥❞ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤ ❬❛r❡ t♦♦❪✳
❇❡❝❛✉s❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❝✐r❝✉♠st❛♥❝❡s ♦❢ ❜✐rt❤ ❬♦❢ t❤✐s ♦♥❡❪
t❤♦s❡ t✇♦ ❝♦❧❧❡❝t t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s✳
❇② t❤❡ s✐❞❡ ♦❢ ❡❛❣❡r ❬Indra❪ Nodhas✱
♣r♦❝❧❛✐♠✐♥❣ ❬❤✐♠❪ ❧♦✉❞❧② t❤❡ ♣r♦t❡❝t♦r✱
s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❝♦♥❞✉❝✐✈❡ t♦ ✈❛❧♦r ❡✈❡r② ❞❛②✳
✶✺✳ ❏✉st t♦ t❤✐s ♦♥❡ t❤❛t ✇❛s ②✐❡❧❞❡❞
✷✶
✇❤❛t ❤❡ ❛❧♦♥❡ ❛♠♦♥❣ t❤❡s❡ ❤❛s ♠❛❞❡ ❤✐♠s❡❧❢ r❡❛❞② ❢♦r✱
❬❤❡✱❪ ❝♦♠♠❛♥❞✐♥❣ ♠❛♥②✳
❬Indra ♣r♦♠♦t❡❞❪ str✉❣❣❧✐♥❣✲❢♦r✲t❤❡✲s✉♥ ✢✐❝❦❡r✐♥❣ ❬♦♥❡❪ ❀
✷✷ ✷✸
✐♥ ❛ ❤♦rs❡ r❛❝❡ Indra ♣r♦♠♦t❡❞ ♣r❡ss✐♥❣✲♦✉t✲Soma ♦♥❡✳
✖✖
✶✻✳ ❚❤✉s Gotama✲s ♣❡r❢♦r♠❡❞ ❢♦r t❤❡❡✱
❖ Indra ♦❢ t❤♦s❡ ✇❤♦ ❤❛r♥❡ss ♣❛❧❡ ②❡❧❧♦✇ ♦♥❡ ✱ ✷✹
✇❡❧❧✲t✇✐st❡❞ ❬♣❤r❛s❡❪ ❬❛♥❞❪ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥s✳
❚❤♦✉ ❤❛s ♣✉t ✐♥t♦ t❤❡s❡ ❬✇♦rs❤✐♣❡rs❪
✷✺
s❤❛♣✐♥❣ ❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣ ✈✐s✐♦♥ ✖
❬s♦ t❤❛t❪ ❤❡ ✱ ✇❤♦s❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡ ✐s ❬❣✐✈❡♥❪ ❜② ❛ ✈✐s✐♦♥✱
✷✻
♠✐❣❤t ❝♦♠❡ ♣r♦♠♣t❧②✱ ❛t ❞❛②❜r❡❛❦✦ ✷✼

✶✹ ❛❞❡♣t ♦❢ Indra
✶✺ Indra
✶✻ vāja
✶✼ Vrtra
.
✶✽ t❤❛t ✐s✱ ✐♥ ❡✈❡r② ♣❛ss❛❣❡ ❢r♦♠ ♦♥❡ ❝❛❦r❛ t♦ t❤❡ ♥❡①t ♦♥❡
✶✾ ♣r♦❜✳ ✏✜r♠ ♣♦✐♥ts ♦❢ ✈✐❡✇✑
✷✵ ❛❢t❡r ✹✳✶✼✳✶✵❞
✷✶ ❛❞❡♣t ♦❢ Indra
✷✷ ✏t❤❡ s✉♥✑ ❤❡r❡ ♠❡❛♥s manipūra ❝❛❦r❛
.
✷✸ t❤❛t ✐s✱ t❤❡ ✐♥♥❡r ✜r❡
✷✹ ❡①tr❛❝t ♦❢ Soma
✷✺ ❛❞❡♣t ♦❢ Indra
✷✻ Indra
✷✼ t❤❡ ❧✐♥❡ ✐s t❤❡ s❛♠❡ ❛s ✽✳✽✵✳✶✵❞ ❛♥❞ ✾✳✾✸✳✺❞
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✳✻✷

Nodhas s♦♥ ♦❢ Gotama | Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra

prá manmahe śavasānā´ya śūs.ám

. gı́rvan.ase aṅgirasvát |
āṅgūs.ám
suvr.ktı́bhi stuvatá .rgmiyā´yā´rcāmārkám
.
náre vı́śrutāya || 1 ||

prá vo mahé máhi námo bharadhvam

. śavasānā´ya sā´ma |
āṅgūs.yàm
yénā nah. pū´rve pitárah. padajñā´
árcanto áṅgiraso gā´ ávindan || 2 ||

ı́ndrasyā´ṅgirasām
. ces..tau
´
vidátsarámā tánayāya dhāsı́m |
bŕ.haspátirbhinádádrim. vidádgā´h.
sámusrı́yābhirvāvaśanta nárah. || 3 ||

sá sus..túbhā sá stubhā´ saptá vı́praih.

svarén.ā´drim. svaryò návagvaih. |
saran.yúbhih. phaligámindra śakra
. ráven.a darayo dáśagvaih. || 4 ||
valám

gr.n.ānó áṅgirobhirdasma vı́ var

us.ásā sū´ryen.a góbhirándhah. |
vı́ bhū´myā aprathaya indra sā´nu
divó rája úparamastabhāyah. || 5 ||
 ✷✺✼

✶✳ ❲❡ t❤✐♥❦ ✉♣♦♥ ❤✐❣❤s♣✐r✐t❡❞ ♣r❛✐s✐♥❣✲❛❧♦✉❞ ❬sāman ❪ ✶

✐♥ t❤❡ ♠❛♥♥❡r ♦❢ aṅgiras✲❡s
❢♦r ❝❤❛♥❣✐♥❣✲♣♦✇❡r❢✉❧❧② ❧♦♥❣✐♥❣✲❢♦r✲❛✲❝❤❛♥t ♦♥❡✳
❋♦r t♦✲❜❡✲♣r❛✐s❡❞✲✐♥✲✈❡rs❡s ❤❡❛r❞✲♦❢✲❢❛r✲❛♥❞✲✇✐❞❡ ♠❛♥
✇❡ s❤❛❧❧ r❡❝✐t❡ ❛ ❤②♠♥ ♦❢ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t✐♦♥
❛❧♦♥❣ ✇✐t❤ ✇❡❧❧✲t✇✐st❡❞ ❬♣❤r❛s❡s❪ ❢♦r t❤❡ ♣r❛✐s❡r✳
✷✳ ❨❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❜r✐♥❣ ❢♦rt❤ ❢♦r ②♦✉r ♠✐❣❤t② ♦♥❡ ❛ ❣r❡❛t ❛❞♦r❛t✐♦♥✱
❢♦r ❝❤❛♥❣✐♥❣✲♣♦✇❡r❢✉❧❧② ♦♥❡ ✖ ❛ ♣r❛✐s✐♥❣✲❛❧♦✉❞ sāman✱
✇✐t❤ ✇❤✐❝❤ ♦✉r ❛♥❝✐❡♥t✱ ❦♥♦✇✐♥❣✲t❤❡✲tr❛❝❦ ❢❛t❤❡rs✱
r❡❝✐t✐♥❣ ♣r❛✐s❡s aṅgiras✲❡s✱ ❢♦✉♥❞ t❤❡ ❝♦✇s✳
✸✳ ❆t Indra✬s ❛♥❞ aṅgiras✲❡s✬ ✐♥✈✐t❛t✐♦♥ ❬❢♦r ❛ ♥❡✇ ❛❞❡♣t❪
Saramā s❤❛❧❧ ✜♥❞ t❤❡ ♥♦✉r✐s❤♠❡♥t
❢♦r ♣r♦♣❛❣❛t✐♥❣ ❢❛♠✐❧② ❬r❡❝r✉✐t❪✱
Br.haspati s❤❛❧❧ ♣✐❡r❝❡ t❤❡ r♦❝❦✱ ❤❡ s❤❛❧❧ ✜♥❞ t❤❡ ❝♦✇s✱
✷
t❤❡ ♠❡♥ s❤❛❧❧ ❤♦✇❧ ❛❣❛✐♥ ❛♥❞ ❛❣❛✐♥
t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ❛♣♣❡❛r✐♥❣ ❛t ❞❛✇♥ ❬✇❛t❡rs❪✳
✹✳ ❚❤❛t ❬❤♦✇❧❪ ✇✐t❤ ❛ ❣♦♦❞ r❤②t❤♠✱ t❤❛t ❬❤♦✇❧❪ ✇✐t❤ ❛ r❤②t❤♠
❜② s❡✈❡♥ ✐♥✇❛r❞❧② ❡①❝✐t❡❞ ♦♥❡s✱
❬t❤❛t ✐s❪ ♠❛❞❡✲t♦✲r❡✈❡r❜❡r❛t❡ ❜② Navagva✲s✱
❬s❤❛❧❧ ♣✐❡r❝❡❪ t❤❡ st♦♥❡ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ s♦✉♥❞✳
❚♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ s❡❡❦✐♥❣✲❬t❤❡❪✲✢♦✇ ❬s♦✉♥❞s❪ ❬t❤♦✉✱❪
❖ ❡♥❛❜❧✐♥❣ Indra✱ ❬s❤❛❧❧ ❜✉rst❪ t❤❡ ✇❛t❡r✲❝❛s❦ ✱
✸ ✹
t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ daśagva✲s ✺
t❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ ♠❛❦❡ t❤❡ ❡♥❝❧♦s✉r❡ t♦ s♣❧✐t ♦♣❡♥✳
✺✳ ❇❡✐♥❣ ❡①t♦❧❧❡❞ ❜② aṅgiras✲❡s✱ ❖ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❧✐s❤✐♥❣ ✇♦♥❞❡r❢✉❧ ❞❡❡❞s✱
t❤r♦✉❣❤♦✉t t❤❡ ♠♦r♥✐♥❣ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ t❤❡ s✉♥ ✱ ✻
❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s ✼
t❤♦✉ s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ ❞✐s❝♦✈❡r❡❞ t❤❡ ❤❡r❜✳
❚❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❞✐❞ ♠❛❦❡ ❬✐t ❪ s♣r❡❛❞ ♦✉t
✽
❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ❣r♦✉♥❞ t♦ t❤❡ s✉♠♠✐t ✱
✾ ✶✵
t❤♦✉ ❞✐❞ ♣r♦♣ ✉♣ t❤❡ ❧♦✇❡r r❡❣✐♦♥ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥✳
✶✶

✶ ✈❡rs❡s r❡❝✐t❡❞ t♦ s♣❡❝✐❛❧ t✉♥❡s

✷ t❤❡ r❡❝r✉✐t
✸ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✽✳✸✷✳✷✺❛
✹ t❤❡ s♦✉r❝❡ ♦❢ ❜❡t❛✲❡♥❞♦r♣❤✐♥s t❤❛t ✐s ❢❡❧t ❛s ✐❢ ♣♦✉r✐♥❣ str❡❛♠s ❞♦✇♥ t❤❡
❜♦❞② ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ t♦♣ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❤❡❛❞
✺ ♣r♦❜✳ manipūra ❝❛❦r❛s
.
✻ ❂ manipūra ❝❛❦r❛
.
✼ ❧✐t✳ ✏❝♦✇s✑
✽ ✐♥♥❡r Soma
✾ ♣r♦❜✳ mūlādhāra ❝❛❦r❛
✶✵ ♣r♦❜✳ t❤❡ t♦♣ ♦❢ t❤❡ s❦✉❧❧
✶✶ t❤❡ r❡❣✐♦♥ ✇❤❡r❡ s❡♥s❛t✐♦♥s ❛♥❞ t❤♦✉❣❤ts ✐♥❞✉❝❡❞ ❜② t❤❡ ❜♦❞② ❛r❡ ❧♦❝❛t❡❞
✷✺✽

tádu práyaks.atamamasya kárma

dasmásya cā´rutamamasti dám . sah. |
upahvaré yádúparā ápinvan
mádhvarn.aso nadyàścátasrah. || 6 ||

dvitā´ vı́ vavre sanájā sánı̄..de

ayā´sya stávamānebhirarkaıh ´. |
bhágo ná méne paramé vyomannádhārayad
ródası̄ sudám. sāh. || 7 ||

sanā´ddı́vam . pári bhū´mā vı́rūpe

punarbhúvā yuvat´ı̄ svébhirévaih. |
kr..sn.ébhiraktós.ā´ rúśadbhir
vápurbhirā´ carato anyā´nyā || 8 ||

sánemi sakhyám . svapasyámānah.

sūnúrdādhāra śávasā sudám . sāh. |
āmā´su ciddadhis.e pakvámantáh.
páyah. kr..sn.ā´su rúśadróhin.ı̄s.u || 9 ||

sanā´tsánı̄..dā avánı̄ravātā´
vratā´ raks.ante amŕ.tāh. sáhobhih. |
purū´ sahásrā jánayo ná pátnı̄r
duvasyánti svásāro áhrayān.am || 10 ||

sanāyúvo námasā návyo arkáır

vasūyávo matáyo dasma dadruh. |
pátim. ná pátnı̄ruśat´ı̄ruśántam
.
spr.śánti tvā śavasāvanmanı̄s.ā´h. || 11 ||

sanā´devá táva rā´yo gábhastau

ná ks.´ı̄yante nópa dasyanti dasma |
dyumā´m̃ . asi krátumām̃ . indra dh´ı̄rah.
śı́ks.ā śacı̄vastáva nah. śácı̄bhih. || 12 ||
 ✷✺✾

✻✳ ❚❤❛t ♠♦st ♣❡r❝❡♣t✐❜❧❡ ❛❝t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❤✐s✱ t❤❡ ♠♦st ❡st❡❡♠❡❞ ♦♥❡

♦❢ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❧✐s❤✐♥❣ ✇♦♥❞❡r❢✉❧ ❞❡❡❞s ♦♥❡ ✐s ♠❛r✈❡❧♦✉s ✖
✇❤❡♥ ❤❡ s✇❡❧❧❡❞ ❢♦✉r s✐t✉❛t❡❞ ❜❡❧♦✇
✶✷ ✢♦✇✐♥❣ ✇❛t❡rs
❬t❤❛t ❛r❡❪ ✢♦♦❞✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡ ❜♦❞②❪ ✇✐t❤ ❤♦♥❡②✳
✼✳ ❈❡rt❛✐♥❧② ❤❡✱ ❞❡①t❡r♦✉s✱
t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ♣r❛✐s✐♥❣ ❤②♠♥s ♦❢ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t✐♦♥
❤❛s ❞✐s❝♦✈❡r❡❞ t✇♦ ❛♥❝✐❡♥t ❤❛✈✐♥❣✲t❤❡✲s❛♠❡✲♥❡st ❬devı̄✲s❪❀
♣❡r❢♦r♠✐♥❣ ❛ ✇♦♥❞r♦✉s ❞❡❡❞✱ ❤❡✱
❬❜❡✐♥❣❪ ✐♥ t❤❡ ✉❧t✐♠❛t❡ s♣❛❝❡ ♦❢ ❞❡t❛❝❤♠❡♥t✱
❡♠♣❧♦②❡❞✱ ❛s ❛ ♣❛tr♦♥ ❬✇♦✉❧❞❪ t✇♦ ✇♦♠❡♥✱ t❤❡ t✇♦ Rodas✲❡s✳
✽✳ ❋r♦♠ ♦❢ ♦❧❞ t✇♦ r❡❝✉rr❡♥t ❞✐✛❡r❡♥t✲✐♥✲❢♦r♠ ②♦✉♥❣ ❣✐r❧s
❬❣♦❪ ❛❧♦♥❣ t❤❡✐r ♦✇♥ ❝♦✉rs❡s ❛❧❧ ♦✈❡r t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤✳
❲✐t❤ ❞❛r❦ ❢♦r♠s t❤❡ ◆✐❣❤t✱ ✇✐t❤ s❤✐♥✐♥❣ ♦♥❡ t❤❡ ❉❛✇♥✱
t❤❡ t✇♦ ♣r♦❝❡❡❞ ♦♥❡ ❛❢t❡r ❛♥♦t❤❡r✳
✾✳ ❆t ❛❧❧ t✐♠❡s t❤❡ ✐♥❞✉str✐♦✉s ✐♥❝✐t❡r✱
♣❡r❢♦r♠✐♥❣ ❛ ✇♦♥❞r♦✉s ❞❡❡❞✱
❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡ ❤❛s ♠❛✐♥t❛✐♥❡❞
❛ ❧✐❦❡✲♠✐♥❞❡❞♥❡ss ❬✇✐t❤ t❤❡♠❪✳
✏❚❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ♣❧❛❝❡❞ r✐♣❡ ❬❢♦r r♦✉s✐♥❣❪ ✈✐t❛❧ s♣✐r✐t
❡✈❡♥ ✐♥t♦ ❝r✉❞❡ ❬❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ✐♠❛❣❡s❪
❬t❤❡ s♣✐r✐t t❤❛t ✐s❪ s❤✐♥✐♥❣ ♠✐❞st ❞❛r❦ r✐s✐♥❣ ❬❛r♠♦rs❪
✶✸ ✳✑
✶✵✳ ❋r♦♠ ♦❢ ♦❧❞ ❤❛✈✐♥❣✲t❤❡✲s❛♠❡✲♥❡st ❢r❡s❤ ✉♥❝❡❛s✐♥❣ str❡❛♠s
❣✉❛r❞ ❬❤✐s❪ r❡❛❧♠s ✇✐t❤ ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ ❢♦r❝❡s✳
❋♦r ♠❛♥② t❤♦✉s❛♥❞ ❬❞❛②s ❛♥❞ ♥✐❣❤ts❪ t❤❡ s✐st❡rs
❧✐❦❡ ✇✐✈❡s✲❛s✲♠✐str❡ss❡s r❡✇❛r❞ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ✐s ❦❡❡♥✳
✶✶✳ ❙❡❡❦✐♥❣ ✇❤❛t✬s ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧✱
s❡❡❦✐♥❣✲t♦✲❣❛✐♥✲❬t❤❡❡❪ ❝♦♥t❡♠♣❧❛t✐♦♥s✱
❖ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❧✐s❤✐♥❣ ✇♦♥❞❡r❢✉❧ ❞❡❡❞s ♦♥❡✱ ♠❛❦❡ ❤❛st❡ ❛♥❡✇
✇✐t❤ ❛❞♦r❛t✐♦♥✱ ✇✐t❤ ❤②♠♥s ♦❢ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t✐♦♥✳
❈♦♥❝❡♣t✐♦♥s t♦✉❝❤ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ ❡♥❞♦✇❡❞ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱
❛s ❞❡s✐r✐♥❣ ♠✐str❡ss❡s ❬t♦✉❝❤❪ ❞❡s✐r♦✉s ❤✉s❜❛♥❞✳
✶✷✳ ❋r♦♠ ♦❢ ♦❧❞✱ r❡❛❧❧②✱ t❤② r✐❝❤❡s ✐♥ ❛ ❤❛♥❞
❛r❡ ♥❡✐t❤❡r ❞❡❝r❡❛s❡❞✱ ♥♦r ❢❛✐❧✱
❖ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❧✐s❤✐♥❣ ✇♦♥❞❡r❢✉❧ ❞❡❡❞s ♦♥❡✦
❚❤♦✉ ❛r❡ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t✐♥❣✱ r❡s♦✉r❝❡❢✉❧✱ ❢❛❝✐❧✐t❛t✐♥❣ ❝♦♥t❡♠♣❧❛t✐♦♥s✱
❖ Indra✦
❉♦ ✇✐s❤ t♦ ❤❡❧♣ ✉s ✇✐t❤ t❤② ❡♥❛❜❧✐♥❣ ♣♦✇❡rs✱
❖ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② ❡♥❛❜❧✐♥❣ ♣♦✇❡rs ♦♥❡✦

✶✷ ✢♦✇✐♥❣ t❤r♦✉❣❤ ❢♦✉r ♣❡t❛❧s ♦❢ mūlādhāra ❝❛❦r❛

✶✸ ❛r✐s✐♥❣ ❞❛r❦♥❡ss ✐♥ ♦♥❡✬s ❡②❡s t❤❛t ❛s ✐❢ s❤✐❡❧❞s ❢r♦♠ ❡①t❡r♥❛❧ st✐♠✉❧✐ ✖ ♦♥
t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✽✳✾✸✳✶✸
✷✻✵

sanāyaté gótama indra návyam

átaks.adbráhma hariyójanāya |
sunı̄thā´ya nah. śavasāna nodhā´h.
prātármaks.ū´ dhiyā´vasurjagamyāt || 13 ||
 ✷✻✶

✶✸✳ ❋♦r ❛♥❝✐❡♥t ❤❛r♥❡ss✐♥❣✲t❛✇♥②✲♦♥❡s t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Indra✱

Gotama Nodhas ❢❛s❤✐♦♥❡❞ ❛ ♥❡✇ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛

❢♦r ✉s t♦ ❡♥❥♦② ❛ ❣♦♦❞ ❣✉✐❞❛♥❝❡✱ ❖ ❝❤❛♥❣✐♥❣ ♣♦✇❡r❢✉❧❧②✱

❬s♦ t❤❛t❪ ❤❡
✶✹ ✱ ✇❤♦s❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡ ✐s ❬❣✐✈❡♥❪ ❜② ❛ ✈✐s✐♦♥✱

♠✐❣❤t ❝♦♠❡ ♣r♦♠♣t❧②✱ ❛t ❞❛②❜r❡❛❦✦

✶✺

✶✹ Indra
✶✺ t❤❡ ❧✐♥❡ ✐s t❤❡ s❛♠❡ ❛s ✽✳✽✵✳✶✵❞✱ ✾✳✾✸✳✺❞✱ ✶✳✻✶✳✶✻❞
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✳✻✸

Nodhas s♦♥ ♦❢ Gotama | Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra

tvám. mahā´m̃ . indra yó ha śús.mair

dyā´vā jajñānáh. pr.thiv´ı̄ áme dhāh. |
yáddha te vı́śvā giráyaścidábhvā
bhiyā´ dr...dhā´sah. kirán.ā náıjan || 1 ||

ā´ yáddhárı̄ indra vı́vratā vér

ā´ te vájram . jaritā´ bāhvórdhāt |
yénāviharyatakrato amı́trān
púra is.n.ā´si puruhūta pūrv´ı̄h. || 2 ||

tvám. satyá indra dhr..sn.úretā´n

tvámr.bhuks.ā´ náryastvám . .sā´.t |
tvám. śús.n.am
. vr.jáne pr.ks.á ān.au
´
yū´ne kútsāya dyumáte sácāhan || 3 ||

tvám. ha tyádindra codı̄h. sákhā

. yádvajrinvr..sakarmannubhnā´h. |
vr.trám
yáddha śūra vr..saman.ah. parācáır
. ryónāvákr.to vr.thās.ā´.t || 4 ||
vı́ dásyūm̃

tvám . ha tyádindrā´ris.an.yan
dr...dhásya cinmártānāmájus..tau |
vyàsmádā´ kā´.s.thā árvate var
ghanéva vajriñchnathihyamı́trān || 5 ||

tvā´m. ha tyádindrā´rn.asātau
svàrmı̄..dhe nára ājā´ havante |
táva svadhāva iyámā´ samaryá
ūtı́rvā´jes.vatasā´yyā bhūt || 6 ||
 ✷✻✸

✶✳ ❚❤♦✉ ❬❛r❡❪ ❛ ❣r❡❛t ♦♥❡✱ ❖ Indra✱ ✇❤♦✱ ✐♥❞❡❡❞✱

❤❛✈✐♥❣ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❡❞ ❤✐♠s❡❧❢ ❜② ✜ts ♦❢ ❢❡r✈♦r✱
♣✉t t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ❬❛♥❞❪ t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤ ✐♥t♦ ❛ ✈✐♦❧❡♥t ❛❣✐t❛t✐♦♥
✇❤❡♥ ✐♥❞❡❡❞ ❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣ ✐♠♠❡♥s❡✱ ✜r♠ ✖ ❡✈❡♥ ♠♦✉♥t❛✐♥s ✖
❜❡❝❛✉s❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❞r❡❛❞ ♦❢ t❤❡❡ tr❡♠❜❧❡❞ ❧✐❦❡ ❞✉st✲♠♦t❡s✳
✷✳ ❙❤♦✉❧❞ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤ t✇♦ r❡❢r❛❝t♦r② t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s✱
t❤❡ ♣r❛✐s❡r s❤❛❧❧ ♣✉t ✐♥t♦ ❛r♠s ❢♦r t❤❡❡ t❤❡ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✱
✇✐t❤ ✇❤✐❝❤ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ ♦♥❡ ✇❤♦s❡ r❡s♦✉r❝❡❢✉❧♥❡ss ✐s ♥♦t r❡♣✉❞✐❛t❡❞✱
s❡♥t ♦✛ ❤♦st✐❧❡s ❬❛♥❞❪ ♠❛♥② ✇❛❧❧s✱ ❖ ♠✉❝❤✲✐♥✈♦❦❡❞ ♦♥❡✦
✸✳ ❚❤♦✉ ❬❛r❡❪ ❣❡♥✉✐♥❡✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❞❛r✐♥❣ t❤❡s❡ ❬♠❡♥❪✱
t❤♦✉ ❬❛r❡❪ ❛ s✉✐t❛❜❧❡✲t♦✲♠❡♥ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ R.bhu✲s✱
t❤♦✉ ❬❛r❡❪ ♣r❡✈❛✐❧✐♥❣✳
❚❤♦✉✱ ❬❜❡✐♥❣❪ ❛t ❤❛♥❞✱ ❞✐❞ s❧❛② Śus.n.a ❢♦r ②♦✉♥❣ ❜r✐❧❧✐❛♥t Kutsa
✇❤❡♥ ✐♥ ❛♥ ❡♥❝❧♦s✉r❡ ❞✉r✐♥❣ ❛ ✜❣❤t
❬❤❡ ✇❛s ♥❡❛r❧②❪ ❞❡❝❡✐✈❡❞ t♦ s❛t✐❛t❡ ❬t❤❡ ✉r❣❡❪✳
✖✖
✹✳ ❚❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❛s ❛ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥✱ s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ ✐♥❝✐t❡❞ t❤❛t ✖ ✶
✇❤❡♥ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ ❛❝t✐♥❣ ❧✐❦❡ ❛ ❜✉❧❧ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲✇✐❡❧❞❡r✱
✇❡r❡ t♦ ❦✐❧❧ Vr.tra✱
✇❤❡♥ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ t❤✐♥❦✐♥❣✲❧✐❦❡✲❛✲❜✉❧❧ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱ ❬st✐❧❧❪ ❛✇❛②✱
♣r❡✈❛✐❧✐♥❣ ❛t✲✇✐❧❧✱ ❞✐❞ ❛❧t❡r ✐♠♣✉❧s❡s t♦ s✉✛❡r ✇❛♥t
❬✇❤✐❧❡ t❤❡② ✇❡r❡ st✐❧❧❪ ✐♥ ❬t❤❡✐r❪ ✇♦♠❜✳
✺✳ ❚❤♦✉ ✐♥❞❡❡❞ ❬✉♥❝♦✈❡r❡❞❪ t❤❛t✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❜❡✐♥❣ ❞❡♣❡♥❞❡❞ ✉♣♦♥✱
✐♥ t❤❡ ❞✐s♣❧❡❛s✉r❡ ♦❢ ❡✈❡♥ ❛ st❡❛❞② ♦♥❡ ❛♠♦♥❣ ❬t❤❡s❡❪ ♠♦rt❛❧s✳
❋r♦♠ ❛♠♦♥❣ ✉s t❤♦✉ ❞✐s❝♦✈❡r❡❞
❬s✉✐t❛❜❧❡❪ ❢♦r t❤❡ ❝♦✉rs❡r r❛❝❡tr❛❝❦s✳
✷
❙tr✐❦❡✱ ❖ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲✇✐❡❧❞❡r✱ ❤♦st✐❧❡s ❛s ✇✐t❤ ❛ ❝❧✉❜✦
✻✳ ❬❯♣♦♥❪ t❤❛t ✖ t❤❛t ✐s✱ ❬✉♣♦♥❪ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Indra ✖
♠❡♥ ❝❛❧❧ ✐♥ ❛ ✜❣❤t✐♥❣ ♠❛t❝❤
✇❤✐❧❡ ♦❜t❛✐♥✐♥❣ t❤❡ ✇❛✈❡ ❬♦❢ ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ str❡♥❣t❤❪
✇❤❡♥ svàr ❬✐s❪ t❤❡ ♣r✐③❡✳
❚❤✐s t❤② s✐❞❡✲❡✛❡❝t ✱ ❖ s♣♦♥t❛♥❡♦✉s ♦♥❡✱ s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡❝♦♠❡
✸
✉♥❢❛❞✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❛ ❝♦♥t❡st✱ ❬❛♥❞❪ ❞✉r✐♥❣ r✉s❤❡s ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✳

✶ ❤❡r❡ ❛♥❞ ✐♥ ✺✱✻✱✼ ✏t❤❛t✑❂ ✏t❤❡ ♣♦t❡♥t✐❛❧ ❢♦r r✐s✐♥❣ ❛♥❣❡r t♦ ❜❡ tr❛♥s❢♦r♠❡❞
✐♥t♦ ❡❝st❛t✐❝ ❢✉r②✑
✷ Soma
✸ ❝r❡❛t✐♥❣ ♣♦t❡♥t✐❛❧ ❢♦r ❝♦♥✈❡rt✐♥❣ r✐s✐♥❣ ❛♥❣❡r ✐♥t♦ ❡❝st❛t✐❝ ❢✉r②
✷✻✹

tvám
. ha tyádindra saptá yúdhyan
púro vajrinpurukútsāya dardah. |
barhı́rná yátsudā´se vŕ.thā várg
am. hó rājanvárivah. pūráve kah. || 7 ||

tvám. tyā´m. na indra deva citrā´m

´
ı́s.amāpo ná pı̄payah. párijman |
yáyā śūra prátyasmábhyam . yám . si
tmánamū´rjam . ná viśvádha ks.áradhyai || 8 ||

ákāri ta indra gótamebhir

bráhmān.yóktā námasā háribhyām |
supéśasam . vā´jamā´ bharā nah.
prātármaks.ū´ dhiyā´vasurjagamyāt || 9 ||
 ✷✻✺

✼✳ ❚❤♦✉ ✐♥❞❡❡❞✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❬❛r❡❪ ✇❛❣✐♥❣ ✇❛r✱ ❛s t❤❛t

s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ ❜r♦❦❡♥ ❛❣❛✐♥ ❛♥❞ ❛❣❛✐♥
s❡✈❡♥ str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞s ❢♦r Purukutsa✱ ❖ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲✇✐❡❧❞❡r✦
❲❤❡♥ ❢♦r Sudās t❤♦✉ s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ ✉♣r♦♦t❡❞ ❬t❤❡♠❪ ❛t ✇✐❧❧ ✖
❧✐❦❡ s❛❝r✐✜❝✐❛❧ ❣r❛ss✱
t❤♦✉✱ ❖ ❝❤✐❡❢t❛✐♥✱ s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ ❝r❡❛t❡❞ ❢♦r ❛ ❝♦♠♠♦♥❡r ✹
❬❢r❡❡❪ ❢r♦♠ ❞✐str❡ss ♠❡♥t❛❧ s♣❛❝❡✳
✽✳ ❚❤♦✉✱ ❖ deva Indra✱ s❤❛❧❧ s✇❡❧❧ ❢♦r ✉s
t❤❛t ❝❛♣t✉r✐♥❣ ❛tt❡♥t✐♦♥ ❧✐❜❛t✐♦♥ ❡✈❡r②✇❤❡r❡ ✖
❧✐❦❡ ❬t❤♦✉ s✇❡❧❧❪ ✇❛t❡rs✱
❬t❤❛t ❧✐❜❛t✐♦♥❪ ✇✐t❤ ✇❤✐❝❤ ♠❛② t❤♦✉✱ ❖ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱
❜❡ ✇♦rt❤ ❢♦r ✉s ❛s ♠✉❝❤ ❛s t❤❡ ✈✐t❛❧ ❜r❡❛t❤✱
❬✇✐t❤ ✇❤✐❝❤ ♠❛② t❤♦✉ ❜❡❪ ❛s t❤❡ s❛♣ ✖
t♦ ♦♦③❡ ♦♥ ❡✈❡r② ♦❝❝❛s✐♦♥✳
✖✖
✾✳ ❬❚❤✐s ❤②♠♥❪ ✇❛s ♣❡r❢♦r♠❡❞ ❢♦r ❢♦r t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❜② Gotama✲s✱
❢♦r♠✉❧❛s ✇✐t❤ r❡✈❡r❡♥t✐❛❧ s❛❧✉t❛t✐♦♥ t♦ t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s
❬✇❡r❡❪ ✉tt❡r❡❞ ❤❡r❡✳
❉♦ ❬t❤♦✉✱ ❖ Soma✱❪ ❜r✐♥❣ ❤❡r❡ ❢♦r ✉s
✺
❛ ✇❡❧❧✲❢♦r♠❡❞ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱
❬s♦ t❤❛t❪ ❤❡ ✱ ✇❤♦s❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡ ✐s ❬❣✐✈❡♥❪ ❜② ❛ ✈✐s✐♦♥✱
✻
♠✐❣❤t ❝♦♠❡ ♣r♦♠♣t❧②✱ ❛t ❞❛②❜r❡❛❦✦ ✼

✹ ♦r✱ ❢♦r Pūru tr✐❜❡

✺ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✾✳✻✸✳✶✽❝
✻ Indra
✼ t❤❡ ❧✐♥❡ ✐s t❤❡ s❛♠❡ ❛s ✽✳✽✵✳✶✵❞✱ ✾✳✾✸✳✺❞✱ ✶✳✻✶✳✶✻❞✱ ✶✳✻✷✳✶✸❞
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✳✽✵

Gotama Rāhūgan.a | Paṅkti | t♦ Indra

itthā´ hı́ sóma ı́nmáde brahmā´ cakā´ra várdhanam |

śávis..tha vajrinnójasā
pr.thivyā´ nı́h. śaśā áhimárcannánu svarā´jyam || 1 ||

sá tvāmadadvŕ..sā mádah. sómah. śyenā´bhr.tah. sutáh. |

yénā vr.trám
. nı́radbhyó
jaghántha vajrinnójasā´rcannánu svarā´jyam || 2 ||

préhyabh´ı̄hi dhr..sn.uhı́ ná te vájro nı́ yam

. sate |
ı́ndra nr.mn.ám. hı́ te śávo
. jáyā apó rcannánu svarā´jyam || 3 ||
′
háno vr.trám

nı́rindra bhū´myā ádhi vr.trám. jaghantha nı́rdiváh. |

sr.jā´ marútvatı̄ráva
jı̄vádhanyā imā´ apó ′rcannánu svarā´jyam || 4 ||

ı́ndro vr.trásya dódhatah. sā´num

. vájren.a hı̄..ditáh. |
abhikrámyā´va jighnate ′páh.
sármāya codáyannárcannánu svarā´jyam || 5 ||

ádhi sā´nau nı́ jighnate vájren.a śatáparvan.ā |

mandāná ı́ndro ándhasah.
sákhibhyo gātúmichatyárcannánu svarā´jyam || 6 ||
 ✷✻✼

✶✳ ❙✐♥❝❡ ♦♥❧② ✐♥ Soma ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t✐♦♥

t❤❡ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t♦r r❡❛❧❧② ❤❛s ❡✛❡❝t❡❞ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥✐♥❣✱
❖ ♠♦st s✇♦❧❧❡♥ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲✇✐❡❧❞❡r✱ s♦ t❤❛t t❤♦✉
✇♦✉❧❞ ✈✐❣♦r♦✉s❧② ❡①♣❡❧ t❤❡ s♥❛❦❡ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤✱
t❤❡② ♣r❛✐s❡ ✇✐t❤ s♦♥❣s ❬t❤②❪ ❛✉t♦♥♦♠② ✳ ✶
✷✳ ■♥t♦①✐❝❛t✐♥❣ ❜✉❧❧ ❞✐❞ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t❡ t❤❡❡ ✖
✷
❬t❤❛t❪ ♣r♦❝✉r❡❞ ❜② ❛ ❤❛✇❦ ♣r❡ss❡❞ ♦✉t Soma
✇✐t❤ ✇❤✐❝❤ t❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ✈✐❣♦r♦✉s❧② str✉❝❦✱ ❖ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲✇✐❡❧❞❡r✱
Vr.tra ♦✉t ♦❢ t❤❡ ✇❛t❡rs✳
❚❤❡② ♣r❛✐s❡ ✇✐t❤ s♦♥❣s ❬t❤②❪ ❛✉t♦♥♦♠②✳
✸✳ ❈♦♠❡ ❢♦rt❤✱ ❝♦♠❡ ♥❡❛r✱ ❜❡ ❜♦❧❞✦
❚❤② t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t ✐s ♥♦t ✇❛♥t✐♥❣✳
❖ Indra✱ s✐♥❝❡ ❝♦✉r❛❣❡ ✐s t❤② ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱
t❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ ❦✐❧❧ Vr.tra✱ t❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ ✇✐♥ ✇❛t❡rs✦
❚❤❡② ♣r❛✐s❡ ✇✐t❤ s♦♥❣s ❬t❤②❪ ❛✉t♦♥♦♠②✳
✹✳ ❖✉t ♦❢ t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤✱ ❬❛♥❞❪ ❛❢t❡r✱ ♦✉t ♦❢ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥
t❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❤❛✈❡ str✉❝❦ Vrtra✳
❘❡❧❡❛s❡ ❞♦✇♥✇❛r❞s t❤❡s❡ .
✸
❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② Marut✲s r✐❝❤✲✐♥✲❜❡✐♥❣✲❛❧✐✈❡ ✇❛t❡rs✦
❚❤❡② ♣r❛✐s❡ ✇✐t❤ s♦♥❣s ❬t❤②❪ ❛✉t♦♥♦♠②✳
✖✖
✺✳ ❱❡①❡❞ Indra✱ ♣r♦❝❡❡❞✐♥❣ ✐♥ st❡♣s✱
✉s✐♥❣ t❤❡ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✱ t❤r♦✇s ❞♦✇♥
t❤❡ ❤❡❛❞ ♦❢ r❛❣✐♥❣ Vrtra
✹
❬t❤✉s❪ ❝❛✉s✐♥❣ ✇❛t❡rs .t♦ ♠♦✈❡ q✉✐❝❦❧② t♦ ✇❛s❤ ♦✉t ❬✐♠♣✉r✐t✐❡s❪✳
❚❤❡② ♣r❛✐s❡ ✇✐t❤ s♦♥❣s ❬❤✐s❪ ❛✉t♦♥♦♠②✳
✻✳ ❍❡ str✐❦❡s ❞♦✇♥✱ ♦✈❡r t❤❡ ❤❡❛❞
✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞✲❦♥♦tt❡❞ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✳
Indra✱ ❜❡❝♦♠✐♥❣ ✐♥✢❛♠❡❞ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ❤❡r❜✱
❡♥❞❡❛✈♦rs t♦ ♦❜t❛✐♥ ❛♥ ✉♥✐♠♣❡❞❡❞ ✇❛② ❢♦r ❬❤✐s❪ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s✳
❚❤❡② ♣r❛✐s❡ ✇✐t❤ s♦♥❣s ❬❤✐s❪ ❛✉t♦♥♦♠②✳
✖✖

✶ ♦r✱ ✏✐♥❞❡♣❡♥❞❡♥❝❡✑
✷ Soma
✸ ❢r♦♠ ✉♣♣❡r ♣❛rt ♦❢ t❤❡ ❤❡❛❞
✹ ❧✐t✳ ✏s✉♠♠✐t✑✱ ❜✉t ♦♥ ❛ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❧❡✈❡❧
✷✻✽

ı́ndra túbhyamı́dadrivó ′nuttam . vajrinvı̄ryàm |

yáddha tyám. māyı́nam mr
. . . gám
támu tvám. māyáyāvadhı̄rárcannánu svarā´jyam || 7 ||

. nāvyā` ánu |
vı́ te vájrāso asthirannavatı́m
mahátta indra vı̄ryàm .
bāhvóste bálam. hitámárcannánu svarā´jyam || 8 ||

sahásram . śatı́h. |
. sākámarcata pári .s.tobhata vim
śatáınamánvanonavur
ı́ndrāya bráhmódyatamárcannánu svarā´jyam || 9 ||

. nı́rahansáhasā sáhah. |
ı́ndro vr.trásya távis.ı̄m
maháttádasya paum ´ . syam .
. jaghanvā´m̃
vr.trám . asr.jadárcannánu svarā´jyam || 10 ||

imé cittáva manyáve vépete bhiyásā mah´ı̄ |

yádindra vajrinnójasā
vr.trám . ávadhı̄rárcannánu svarā´jyam || 11 ||
. marútvām̃

ná vépasā ná tanyaténdram . vr.tró vı́ bı̄bhayat |

abhyènam . vájra āyasáh.
sahásrabhr..s.tirāyatā´rcannánu svarā´jyam || 12 ||
 ✷✻✾

✼✳ ❖ Indra✱ ❥✉st t♦ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ st♦♥❡✲✇✐❡❧❞❡r✱

♥♦t✲❬t♦✲❜❡❪✲❞♦✇♥♣❧❛②❡❞ ✈❛❧♦r ❬✇❛s ❣✐✈❡♥❪✱ ❖ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲✇✐❡❧❞❡r✱
✇❤❡♥ ✐♥❞❡❡❞ ❤✐♠ ✖
t❤❛t ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ♣♦✇❡r✲t♦✲❢r❛♠❡✲❝♦❣♥✐t✐♦♥ ❜❡❛st ✖
t❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ❞❡❢❡❛t❡❞ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r✲t♦✲❢r❛♠❡✲❝♦❣♥✐t✐♦♥✳
❚❤❡② ♣r❛✐s❡ ✇✐t❤ s♦♥❣s ❬t❤②❪ ❛✉t♦♥♦♠②✳
✽✳ ❚❤② t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧ts r❡♠❛✐♥❡❞ ❛♣❛rt ✺
❢♦❧❧♦✇✐♥❣ ♥✐♥❡t② ♥❛✈✐❣❛❜❧❡ ❬str❡❛♠s ❪✳ ✻
●r❡❛t ❬✐s❪ t❤②✱ ❖ Indra✱ ✈❛❧♦r✱
t❤② str❡♥❣t❤ ✐♥ t❤❡ ❛r♠s ✐s ♠❛❞❡ r❡❛❞②✳
❚❤❡② ♣r❛✐s❡ ✇✐t❤ s♦♥❣s ❬t❤②❪ ❛✉t♦♥♦♠②✳
✖✖
✾✳ ❬❇❡✐♥❣ ❛❪ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞✱ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ②❡ s❤❛❧❧ r❡❝✐t❡ ♣r❛✐s❡s✱
❬❜❡✐♥❣ ❛❪ t✇❡♥t②✱ ②❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❡①❝❧❛✐♠ ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥t❧②✳
❇② ❛ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ t❤❡② ❤❛✈❡ ❢♦✉♥❞ t❤❡✐r ✇❛② t♦✇❛r❞s ❤✐♠ ✖
❢♦r Indra✬s s❛❦❡ t❤❡ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥ ✇❛s ✉♥❞❡rt❛❦❡♥✳
❚❤❡② ♣r❛✐s❡ ✇✐t❤ s♦♥❣s ❬❤✐s❪ ❛✉t♦♥♦♠②✳
✶✵✳ Indra ❦♥♦❝❦❡❞ ♦✉t Vr.tra✬s ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝♦♥tr♦❧✱
❬❤❡ ❦♥♦❝❦❡❞ ♦✉t❪ ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ str❡♥❣t❤
✇✐t❤ ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ str❡♥❣t❤✳
❍❛✈✐♥❣ str✉❝❦ Vr.tra✱ ❤❡ ❞✐❞ ♣♦✉r ❢♦rt❤
t❤❛t ❣r❡❛t ♠❛♥❧② str❡♥❣t❤ ♦❢ ❤✐s✳
❚❤❡② ♣r❛✐s❡ ✇✐t❤ s♦♥❣s ❬❤✐s❪ ❛✉t♦♥♦♠②✳
✖✖
✶✶✳ ❊✈❡♥ t❤❡s❡ t✇♦ ❣r❡❛t ♦♥❡s
q✉✐✈❡r ✇✐t❤ ❢❡❛r ❛t t❤② r❛❣❡
✇❤❡♥ t❤♦✉ ✈✐❣♦r♦✉s❧②✱ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② Marut✲s✱
❞❡str♦② Vr.tra✱ ❖ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲✇✐❡❧❞❡r Indra✦
❚❤❡② ♣r❛✐s❡ ✇✐t❤ s♦♥❣s ❬t❤②❪ ❛✉t♦♥♦♠②✳
✖✖
✶✷✳ ◆♦r ❜② q✉✐✈❡r✐♥❣✱ ♥♦t ❜② t❤✉♥❞❡r✐♥❣
Vr.tra ♠❛❞❡ Indra t♦ ❜❡ ❛❢r❛✐❞✳
❚♦✇❛r❞s ❤✐♠ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞ s♣✐❦❡s
✐r♦♥ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t ✇❡♥t✳
❚❤❡② ♣r❛✐s❡ ✇✐t❤ s♦♥❣s ❬❤✐s❪ ❛✉t♦♥♦♠②✳
✖✖

✺ t❤❛t ✐s✱ ✏❝❛♥ ❜❡ ❡♠♣❧♦②❡❞ ✐♥❞❡♣❡♥❞❡♥t❧② ♦❢ ❡❛❝❤ ♦t❤❡r ❛♥❞ ❡✈❡♥ s✐♠✉❧t❛✲
♥❡♦✉s❧②✑
✻ ♣r♦❜✳ ✏❧❛r❣❡ ❜❧♦♦❞ ✈❡ss❡❧s✑
✷✼✵

yádvr.trám . vájren.a samáyodhayah. |

. táva cāśánim
áhimindra jı́ghām. sato
divı́ te badbadhe śávó ′rcannánu svarā´jyam || 13 ||

abhis..tané te adrivo yátsthā´ jágacca rejate |

tvás..tā cittáva manyáva
ı́ndra vevijyáte bhiyā´rcannánu svarā´jyam || 14 ||

nahı́ nú yā´dadhı̄más´ı̄ndram . kó vı̄ryā` paráh. |

tásminnr.mn.ámutá krátum .
devā´ ójām . dadhurárcannánu svarā´jyam || 15 ||
. si sám

yā´mátharvā mánus.pitā´ dadhyáṅdhı́yamátnata |

tásminbráhmān.i pūrváthéndra
ukthā´ sámagmatā´rcannánu svarā´jyam || 16 ||
 ✷✼✶

✶✸✳ ❲❤❡♥ t❤♦✉ ♠❛❞❡ ❛ ✢❛s❤ ♦❢ ❧✐❣❤t♥✐♥❣

t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t t♦ ✜❣❤t Vrtra✱
❛♥❞ ✇♦✉❧❞ ✇✐s❤ t♦ s❧❛② t❤❡ s♥❛❦❡✱ ❖ Indra. ✱
t❤② ✐♠♣✉❧s❡✲t♦✲❝❤❛♥❣❡ ❤❛s ❤❛r❛ss❡❞ ❬❤✐♠❪ ✐♥ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥✳
❚❤❡② ♣r❛✐s❡ ✇✐t❤ s♦♥❣s ❬t❤②❪ ❛✉t♦♥♦♠②✳
✶✹✳ ❆t t❤② t❤✉♥❞❡r✲❧✐❦❡ s♦✉♥❞✱ ❖ st♦♥❡✲✇✐❡❧❞❡r✱
✇❤❛t✲✐s✲st❛♥❞✐♥❣ ❛♥❞ ✇❤❛t✲✐s✲♠♦✈✐♥❣ tr❡♠❜❧❡s✳
❆t t❤② r❛❣❡✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❡✈❡♥ Tvas..t.r
r❡❝♦✐❧s ❛❣❛✐♥ ❛♥❞ ❛❣❛✐♥ ❜❡❝❛✉s❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❢❡❛r✳
❚❤❡② ♣r❛✐s❡ ✇✐t❤ s♦♥❣s ❬t❤②❪ ❛✉t♦♥♦♠②✳
✖✖
✶✺✳ ❙✐♥❝❡ ♥♦ ♦♥❡✱ ✐♥❛s♠✉❝❤ ❛s ✇❡ ✉♥❞❡rst❛♥❞✱
❬✐s❪ ❡①❝❡❡❞✐♥❣ Indra ✐♥ ✈❛❧♦r✱
❝♦✉r❛❣❡ ❛♥❞ r❡s♦✉r❝❡❢✉❧♥❡ss✱ ✜ts ♦❢ ❢r❡♥③②
deva✲s ❤❛✈❡ ♣✉t t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✐♥t♦ ❤✐♠✳
❚❤❡② ♣r❛✐s❡ ✇✐t❤ s♦♥❣s ❬❤✐s❪ ❛✉t♦♥♦♠②✳
✶✻✳ ❲❤❛t ✈✐s✐♦♥ atharvan✱ t❤❡ ✐♥t❡❧❧✐❣❡♥t ❢❛t❤❡r
❬❛♥❞❪ Dadhyac ❤❛✈❡ ❡①t❡♥❞❡❞✱ ❬✐t ✐s t❤✐s ✖❪
✐♥ ❤✐♠✱ ✐♥ Indra✱ ✜rst ♦❢ ❛❧❧✱
t❤❡ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥s ❬❛♥❞❪ r❡❝✐t❡❞ ✈❡rs❡s ❝♦♠❡ t♦❣❡t❤❡r✳
❚❤❡② ♣r❛✐s❡ ✇✐t❤ s♦♥❣s ❬❤✐s❪ ❛✉t♦♥♦♠②✳
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✳✽✶

Gotama Rāhūgan.a | Paṅkti | t♦ Indra

ı́ndro mádāya vāvr.dhe śávase vr.trahā´ nŕ.bhih. |

támı́nmahátsvājı́s.ūtémárbhe havāmahe
sá vā´jes.u prá no ′vis.at || 1 ||

ási hı́ vı̄ra sényó ′si bhū´ri parādadı́h. |

ási dabhrásya cidvr.dhó yájamānāya śiks.asi
sunvaté bhū´ri te vásu || 2 ||

yádud´ı̄rata ājáyo dhr..sn.áve dhı̄yate dhánā |

yuks.vā´ madacyútā hárı̄ kám . hánah.
. vásau dadho smā´m̃
′
kám . indra vásau dadhah. || 3 ||

krátvā mahā´m̃ . anus.vadhám . bhı̄má ā´ vāvr.dhe śávah. |

śriyá .r.svá upākáyornı́ śipr´ı̄ hárivāndadhe
hástayorvájramāyasám || 4 ||

ā´ paprau pā´rthivam . rájo badbadhé rocanā´ divı́ |

ná tvā´vām̃
. indra káścaná ná jātó
ná janis.yaté ′ti vı́śvam. vavaks. itha || 5 ||

yó aryó martabhójanam . parādádāti dāśús.e |

ı́ndro asmábhyam . śiks.atu vı́ bhajā bhū´ri te vásu
bhaks.ı̄yá táva rā´dhasah. || 6 ||
 ✷✼✸

✶✳ Indra ❤❛s ❜❡❝♦♠❡ str♦♥❣❡r t♦ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t❡❞✱

Vr.tra✲s❧❛②❡r ❬❤❛s ❜❡❝♦♠❡ str♦♥❣ ❡♥♦✉❣❤❪
❢♦r t❤❡ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡ t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡ t❤r♦✉❣❤♦✉t t❤❡ ♠❡♥✳
❏✉st ❤✐♠ ✇❡ ❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥
✐♥ ❧❛r❣❡ ✜❣❤t✐♥❣ ♠❛t❝❤ ❛♥❞ ✐♥ s♠❛❧❧ ♦♥❡✱
❤❡ ✇❛s ❝♦♥t❛✐♥❡❞ ✐♥ ✉s ♣r✐♦r t♦ r✉s❤❡s ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✳
✖✖
✷✳ ❙✐♥❝❡ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ ❤❡r♦✱ ❛r❡ ❛ s♣❡❛r♠❛♥✱
t❤♦✉ ❛r❡ ❞❡❧✐✈❡r✐♥❣ ♠❛♥② ❬❜❧♦✇s❪ ❛t ❛ ❞✐st❛♥❝❡✳
❚❤♦✉ ❛r❡ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥✐♥❣ ❡✈❡♥ ❛ s♠❛❧❧ ❬✜❣❤t❡r❪✱
t❤♦✉ ❛r❡ ❡❛❣❡r t♦ ❤❡❧♣ ❛ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡r✱
❢♦r Soma✲♣r❡ss❡r t❤② tr❡❛s✉r❡ ✐s ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥t✳
✸✳ ❲❤❡♥ ✜❣❤t✐♥❣ ♠❛t❝❤❡s ❛r✐s❡✱
❛ ❞❛r✐♥❣ ♦♥❡ ✐s ♣❧❛❝❡❞ ❬✐♥t♦ t❤❡♠❪ ❜② t❤❡ ♣r✐③❡✳
❉♦ ②♦❦❡ t✇♦ ♦♦③✐♥❣✲✇✐t❤✲❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t✐♦♥ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s✦
❲❤♦♠ s❤❛❧❧ t❤♦✉ s❧❛②❄ ❲❤♦♠ ✇♦✉❧❞ t❤♦✉ ❤❡❧♣ t♦ t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡❄
❚❤♦✉ ✇♦✉❧❞ ❤❡❧♣ ✉s t♦ t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡✦
✖✖
✹✳ ❚❤❡ ♠✐❣❤t② t❡rr✐❢②✐♥❣ ♦♥❡
♦♥ ❤✐s ♦✇♥ ❛❝❝♦r❞✱ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❬❤✐s❪ r❡s♦✉r❝❡❢✉❧♥❡ss✱
❤❛s str❡♥❣t❤❡♥❡❞ t❤❡ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡ t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✳
❋♦r s✉❝❝❡ss ❬✐♥ t❤❡ ✜❣❤t❪ ❤❡✱ ❤❡❧♣✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❞✐r❡ str❛✐❣❤ts✱
❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞✲❜②✲t❛✇♥②✲♦♥❡s✱ s❡❧❡❝t✐✈❡✱
❤❛s ♣✉t t❤❡ ✐r♦♥ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t
✐♥t♦ ❜r♦✉❣❤t✲♥❡❛r✲t♦✲❡❛❝❤✲♦t❤❡r ❤❛♥❞s✳
✺✳ ❍❡ ❤❛s ✜❧❧❡❞ t❤❡ ❡❛rt❤❧② r❡❣✐♦♥✱
❤❡ ❤❛s ✈❡①❡❞ ❧✉♠✐♥♦✉s s♣❤❡r❡s ✐♥ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥✳
◆♦ ♦♥❡ ✐s ❧✐❦❡ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Indra✱
♥❡✐t❤❡r ❬❛❧r❡❛❞②❪ ❜♦r♥✱ ♥♦r ♦♥❡ ✇❤♦ ✇✐❧❧ ❜❡ ❜♦r♥✳
❚❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ❣r♦✇♥ ❜❡②♦♥❞ ❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣✳
✻✳ ❲❤♦ ❞❡❧✐✈❡rs t♦ ❛ ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡r t❤❡ s♦✉r❝❡ ♦❢ ♣❧❡❛s✉r❡ ❢♦r ❛ ♠♦rt❛❧✱
♦❢ t❤❡ t❡♥❞✐♥❣ ✉♣✇❛r❞s ♦♥❡ ✖
✶
♠❛② ❤❡✱ Indra✱ ❜❡ ❡❛❣❡r t♦ ❤❡❧♣ ✉s✦
❉♦ ❛♣♣♦rt✐♦♥ t❤② ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥t tr❡❛s✉r❡
s♦ t❤❛t ■ ♠✐❣❤t ❤❛✈❡ ❛ s❤❛r❡ ♦❢ t❤② ♠✉♥✐✜❝❡♥❝❡✦

✶ ✐♥♥❡r Soma
✷✼✹

mádemade hı́ no dadı́ryūthā´ gávāmr.jukrátuh. |

sám . gr.bhāya purū´ śatóbhayāhastyā´ vásu
śiśı̄hı́ rāyá ā´ bhara || 7 ||

mādáyasva suté sácā śávase śūra rā´dhase |

vidmā´ hı́ tvā purūvásum
úpa kā´mānsasr.jmáhé ′thā no ′vitā´ bhava || 8 ||

eté ta indra jantávo vı́śvam. pus.yanti vā´ryam |

antárhı́ khyó jánānāmaryó védo ádāśus.ām
.
. no véda ā´ bhara || 9 ||
tés.ām
 ✷✼✺

✼✳ ❙✐♥❝❡ ✐♥ r❛♣t✉r❡ ❛❢t❡r r❛♣t✉r❡✱ ❬t❤♦✉✱❪ ✇❤♦s❡ ❞❡s✐❣♥s ❛r❡ str❛✐❣❤t✱

❬❛r❡❪ ❣✐✈✐♥❣ ✉s ❤❡r❞s ♦❢ ❝♦✇s✱
❣r❛s♣ ❛❧t♦❣❡t❤❡r ♠❛♥② ❤✉♥❞r❡❞s ❬♦❢ t❤♦s❡❪✦
❙❤❛r♣❡♥ t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡ ✐♥ ❜♦t❤ ❤❛♥❞s✱
❜r✐♥❣ ❤❡r❡ r✐❝❤❡s✦
✽✳ ❉♦ ✐♥✢❛♠❡ t❤②s❡❧❢ ✐♥ t❤❡ ♣r❡s❡♥❝❡ ♦❢ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❬Soma❪✱
❖ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱ ❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡✲t♦✲❝❤❛♥❣❡✱
❢♦r t❤❡ s❛t✐s❢❛❝t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❬♦✉r❪ ❞❡s✐r❡✦
❙✐♥❝❡ ✇❡ ❤❛✈❡ ❢♦✉♥❞ t❤❡❡ t♦ ❤❛✈❡ ♠❛♥② ❜❡♥❡✜ts✱
♣♦✉r❡❞ ❬t♦✇❛r❞s t❤❡❡❪ ❬♦✉r❪ ❧♦♥❣✐♥❣s✱
♥♦✇ t❤❡♥✱ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ♦✉r ❤❡❧♣❡r✦
✾✳ ❚❤❡s❡ ❝r❡❛t✉r❡s ❢♦st❡r ❢♦r t❤❡❡✱
❖ Indra✱ ❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣ t♦ ❜❡ ❝❤♦s❡♥✳
❙✐♥❝❡ t❤♦✉ ✇♦✉❧❞ ❞❡t❡❝t ✐♥ ♣❡♦♣❧❡
t❤❡ ❦♥♦✇❧❡❞❣❡ ♦❢ t❡♥❞✐♥❣ ✉♣✇❛r❞s ♦♥❡✷ ✱
♦❢ t❤♦s❡ ✇❤♦ ❛r❡ ♥♦t ✇♦rs❤✐♣✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡❡❪✱
t❤❡✐r ❦♥♦✇❧❡❞❣❡✱ ❜r✐♥❣ ❤❡r❡ t♦ ✉s✦

✷ ✐♥♥❡r Soma
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✳✽✷

Gotama Rāhūgan.a | ✶✕✺ Paṅkti✱ ✻ Jagatı̄ | t♦ Indra

úpo .sú śr.n.uh´ı̄ gı́ro mághavanmā´tathā iva |

yadā´ nah. sūnŕ.tāvatah.
kára ā´dartháyāsa ı́dyójā nváındra te hárı̄ || 1 ||

áks.annámı̄madanta hyáva priyā´ adhūs.ata |

ástos.ata svábhānavo
vı́prā návis..thayā mat´ı̄ yójā nvaındra
´ te hárı̄ || 2 ||

susam . dŕ.śam
. tvā vayám. mághavanvandis.ı̄máhi |
prá nūnám . pūrn.ávandhura
stutó yāhi váśām̃
. ánu yójā nvaındra
´ te hárı̄ || 3 ||

sá ghā tám . ráthamádhi tis..thāti govı́dam |

. vŕ..san.am
yáh. pā´tram
. hāriyojanám .
pūrn.ámindra cı́ketati yójā nváındra te hárı̄ || 4 ||

yuktáste astu dáks.in.a utá savyáh. śatakrato |

téna jāyā´múpa priyā´m
.
mandānó yāhyándhaso yójā nváındra te hárı̄ || 5 ||

yunájmi te bráhman.ā keśı́nā hárı̄

úpa prá yāhi dadhis.é gábhastyoh. |
úttvā sutā´so rabhasā´ amandis.uh.
pūs.an.vā´nvajrinsámu pátnyāmadah. || 6 ||
 ✷✼✼

✶✳ ❇❡ ✇✐❧❧✐♥❣ t♦ ❧✐st❡♥ ✇❡❧❧ t♦ t❤❡ ❝❤❛♥ts✱

❖ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡✱ ♥♦t ❧✐❦❡ ❛ ♥❛②✲s❛②❡r ✦
✶
❲❤❡♥❡✈❡r t❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ ♠❛❦❡ ✉s ✇❡❧❧✲✜tt✐♥❣✱
t❤❡♥ t❤♦✉ ✇♦✉❧❞ ❥✉st s❡t t❤❡ ❣♦❛❧✳
✖✖
■ ✇♦✉❧❞ ②♦❦❡ ❢♦r t❤❡❡ t❤❡ t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❛t ♦♥❝❡✳
✷✳ ❙✐♥❝❡ t❤❡②
✷ ❤❛✈❡ ❝♦♥s✉♠❡❞ ❬❛♥❞❪ ❜❡❝❛♠❡ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t❡❞✱
t❤❡② s❤♦♦❦ ♦✛ ❢❛✈♦r✐t❡ ❬♠❡♥t❛❧ ❣❡st✉r❡s❪✱
t❤❡②✱ ❛♣♣❡❛r✐♥❣ ❛s t❤❡② ❛r❡✱ ✐♥s♣✐r❡❞✱ ❡①t♦❧❧❡❞ ❬t❤❡❡❪
✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ♥❡✇❡st ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❣❡st✉r❡✳
■ ✇♦✉❧❞ ②♦❦❡ ❢♦r t❤❡❡ t❤❡ t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❛t ♦♥❝❡✳
✸✳ ❚❤❡❡✱ ✇❤♦ ✐s ❢❛✐r t♦ s❡❡✱ ❖ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡✱
✇❡ ✇✐❧❧ ✈❡♥❡r❛t❡✳
◆♦✇✱ ❡✉❧♦❣✐③❡❞✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❬t❤②❪ ❝❤❛r✐♦t s❡❛t ✜❧❧❡❞✱
❥♦✉r♥❡②✱ ❛❝❝♦r❞✐♥❣ t♦ ❬t❤②❪ ✇✐s❤❡s✦
■ ✇♦✉❧❞ ②♦❦❡ ❢♦r t❤❡❡ t❤❡ t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❛t ♦♥❝❡✳
✹✳ ❙✉r❡❧② ❤❡ ✇♦✉❧❞ ♠♦✉♥t t❤❛t ✐♠♣r❡❣♥❛t✐♥❣
✜♥❞✐♥❣ ❝♦✇s ✏❝❤❛r✐♦t✑✱
✇❤♦ t❛❦❡s ♥♦t✐❝❡ ♦❢ t❤❛t ✜❧❧❡❞
r❡❧❛t❡❞ t♦ ❤❛r♥❡ss✐♥❣ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s ❣♦❜❧❡t✱ ❖ Indra✦
■ ✇♦✉❧❞ ②♦❦❡ ❢♦r t❤❡❡ t❤❡ t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❛t ♦♥❝❡✳
✺✳ ▼❛② t❤② r✐❣❤t ♦♥❡ ❜❡ ❤❛r♥❡ss❡❞✱
❛♥❞ ❬♠❛②❪ ❬t❤②❪ ❧❡❢t ♦♥❡✱ ❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣✲❤✉♥❞r❡❞✲✇✐❧❡s ♦♥❡✦
❇❡❝♦♠✐♥❣ ✐♥✢❛♠❡❞ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ❤❡r❜✱ ❞♦ ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤
❬t❤②❪ ❝❤❡r✐s❤❡❞ ✇✐❢❡
✸ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ t❤❛t ❬❝❤❛r✐♦t❪✳
■ ✇♦✉❧❞ ②♦❦❡ ❢♦r t❤❡❡ t❤❡ t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❛t ♦♥❝❡✳
✻✳ ❋♦r t❤❡❡ ■ ❤❛r♥❡ss ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ t❤❡ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥
t✇♦ ❤❛✐r② t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s✳
❙❡t ♦✉t ❬♥♦✇ t❤❛t❪ t❤♦✉ ❤❛s ♣✉t ❬t❤❡ r❡✐♥s❪
✹ ✐♥t♦ ❬t❤②❪ ❤❛♥❞s✦
●r❛s♣✐♥❣ ❬❛tt❡♥t✐♦♥❪ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❬❞r♦♣s ♦❢ Soma❪
❤❛s ✜r❡❞ t❤❡❡ ✉♣✳
✖✖
❆❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② Pūs.an✱ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ❬t❤②❪ ♠✐str❡ss✱
t❤♦✉ ❡①✉❧t❡❞✱ ❖ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲✇✐❡❧❞❡r✦

✶ ❢♦❧❧♦✇✐♥❣ ❬❏❛♠✐s♦♥ ❛♥❞ ❇r❡r❡t♦♥✱ ✷✵✶✹✱ ♣✳✷✶✵❪

✷ ♣r♦❜✳ Marut✲s
✸ ♣r♦❜✳ t❤❡ ❙♣❡❡❝❤❀ ♠❛② ❜❡ t❤❡ ❉❛✇♥ ♦r Sindhu
✹ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✻✳✷✾✳✷❝
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✳✽✸

Gotama Rāhūgan.a | Jagatı̄ | t♦ Indra

áśvāvati prathamó gós.u gachati

suprāv´ı̄rindra mártyastávotı́bhih. |
támı́tpr.n.aks.i vásunā bhávı̄yasā
sı́ndhumā´po yáthābhı́to vı́cetasah. || 1 ||

ā´po ná dev´ı̄rúpa yanti hotrı́yam

aváh. paśyanti vı́tatam . yáthā rájah. |
prācáırdevā´sah. prá n.ayanti devayúm .
brahmaprı́yam . jos.ayante varā´ iva || 2 ||

ádhi dváyoradadhā ukthyàm . váco

yatásrucā mithunā´ yā´ saparyátah. |
ásam
. yatto vraté te ks.eti pús.yati
bhadrā´ śaktı́ryájamānāya sunvaté || 3 ||

ā´dáṅgirāh. prathamám. dadhire váya

iddhā´gnayah. śámyā yé sukr.tyáyā |
sárvam . pan.éh. sámavindanta bhójanam
áśvāvantam . gómantamā´ paśúm
. nárah. || 4 ||

yajñáırátharvā prathamáh. pathástate tátah.

sū´ryo vratapā´ vená ā´jani |
ā´ gā´ ājaduśánā kāvyáh. sácā
yamásya jātámamŕ.tam . yajāmahe || 5 ||

barhı́rvā yátsvapatyā´ya vr.jyáte ′rkó vā

ślókamāghós.ate divı́ |
grā´vā yátra vádati kārúrukthyàs
tásyédı́ndro abhipitvés.u ran.yati || 6 ||
 ✷✼✾

✶✳ ❚❤❡ ✜rst ♦♥❡✱ ❛ ✈❡r② ③❡❛❧♦✉s✱ ❖ Indra✱ ♠♦rt❛❧✱

❣♦❡s t♦✇❛r❞s r❡❧❛t❡❞ t♦ ❤♦rs❡s✱ t♦ ❝♦✇s ❬❛❝t✐✈✐t✐❡s❪✱ ✖
✇✐t❤ t❤② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❤❡❧♣✐♥❣✳
❏✉st ❤✐♠ t❤♦✉ s❛t❡ ✇✐t❤ ♠♦r❡ ♣❧❡♥t✐❢✉❧ tr❡❛s✉r❡
t❤❡ ✇❛② ❝❧❡❛r❧② s❡❡♥ ❡✈❡r②✇❤❡r❡ ✇❛t❡rs ❬s❛t❡❪ ❛ r✐✈❡r✳
✷✳ ▲✐❦❡ ✇❛t❡rs✱ devı̄✲s ❜❡t❛❦❡ t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s t♦ t❤❡ ♦✣❝❡ ♦❢ ❛ ♣r✐❡st ✖
t❤❡② ❧♦♦❦ ❞♦✇♥✇❛r❞s ❛t s♣r❡❛❞ ♦✉t ❬✜❧t❡r❪ ✶
❛s ✐❢ ❛t ❛ r❡❣✐♦♥ ❬♦❢ ❛❝t✐♦♥❪✳
Deva✲s ❧❡❛❞ ❢♦r✇❛r❞ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ s❡❡❦s t❤❡ deva✱
❧✐❦❡ s✉✐t♦rs t❤❡② ♠❛❦❡ t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s ❢r❡q✉❡♥t ❤✐♠
✇❤♦ ✐s ❢♦♥❞ ♦❢ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥s✳
✸✳ ❚❤♦✉ ♣❧❛❝❡❞ t♦✲❜❡✲♣r❛✐s❡❞ ✉tt❡r❛♥❝❡ ✉♣♦♥ ❬t❤♦s❡❪ t✇♦
✇❤✐❝❤✱ r❛✐s✐♥❣ s❛❝r✐✜❝✐❛❧ ❧❛❞❧❡✱ ❢♦r♠✐♥❣ ❛ ♣❛✐r✱ ❛tt❡♥❞ t♦ ❬❤✐♠ ❪✳
✷
◆♦t ❜❡✐♥❣ ❝♦♥❢r♦♥t❡❞✱ ❤❡ ❞✇❡❧❧s ♣❡❛❝❡❢✉❧❧② ✐♥ t❤② r❡❛❧♠✱
❤❡ ✢♦✉r✐s❤❡s✳
❆✉s♣✐❝✐♦✉s ❬✐s t❤✐s❪ ❡♥❡r❣② ❢♦r ♣r❡ss✐♥❣ ❬Soma❪ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡r✳
✹✳ ❆t ✜rst ❛♥ aṅgiras✱ t❤❡♥ t❤❡② ❤❛✈❡ ♦❜t❛✐♥❡❞
♠❡♥t❛❧ ❛♥❞ ❜♦❞✐❧② ✈✐❣♦✉r✱
❬t❤❡②✱❪ ✇❤♦ ❤❛✈❡ t❤❡ ✜r❡ ❦✐♥❞❧❡❞ ❜② ❝♦rr❡❝t ❡✛♦rt✳
❚❤❡② ❣♦t t♦ ❦♥♦✇ t❤♦r♦✉❣❤❧② ❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣ ♦❢ t❤❡ ♥✐❣❣❛r❞✱
❬❤✐s❪ s♦✉r❝❡ ♦❢ ♣❧❡❛s✉r❡✱
❬t❤❡②✱❪ t❤❡ ♠❡♥ ❬❣♦t t♦ ❦♥♦✇ t❤♦r♦✉❣❤❧②❪ r✐❝❤ ✐♥ ❤♦rs❡s ✸
r✐❝❤ ✐♥ ❝♦✇s ❬r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r❪ ❡①❝❧✉s✐✈❡ ♦❢ ❛♥ ❛♥✐♠❛❧ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡✳
✹
✺✳ ❲✐t❤ ✜r❡ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣s t❤❡ ♦r✐❣✐♥❛❧ atharvan
❤❛s ❡①t❡♥❞❡❞ ♣❛t❤✇❛②s ❬❢♦r t❤♦s❡ ✇❤♦ s❡❡❦❪✳
❚❤❡ s✉♥ ✱ ♣r♦t❡❝t✐♥❣ ❬Indra✬s❪ s♣❤❡r❡ ♦❢ ❛❝t✐♦♥✱ ❡❛❣❡r✱
✺
✇❛s ❜❡❣♦t✳
◆❡❛r ❜②✱ Uśanas Kāvya ❞r♦✈❡ t♦✇❛r❞s t❤❡ ❝♦✇s✱
❬❜✉t❪ ✇❡ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡ t♦ t❤❡ ✐♠♠♦rt❛❧ ♦♥❡ ✇✐t❤ ❛ ✈✐❡✇ t♦
❛ ❜✐rt❤ ♦❢ ❛ r❡str❛✐♥t✳
✻✳ ❲❤❡♥ t❤❡ s❛❝r✐✜❝✐❛❧ ❣r❛ss ✐s t✇✐st❡❞
❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ ❛ ❣♦♦❞ ♦✛s♣r✐♥❣✱
♦r ❬✇❤❡♥❪ ❛ ❤②♠♥ ♦❢ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t✐♦♥ ❧✐st❡♥s
t♦ t❤❡ ❞✐✈✐♥❡ ✈♦✐❝❡ ✐♥ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥✱
♦r ✇❤❡r❡✈❡r s✐♥❣❡r✱ t♦✲❜❡✲♣r❛✐s❡❞ s✐♥❣❡r ♦❢ ❡✉❧♦❣✐❡s✱ s♣❡❛❦s✱
Indra t❛❦❡s ♣❧❡❛s✉r❡ ✐♥ ❡✈❡♥✐♥❣s ♦❢ ❥✉st t❤❛t✳

✶ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✾✳✽✸✳✷❛❜

✷ ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡r
✸ r❤②t❤♠s
✹ ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s
✺ manipūra ❝❛❦r❛
.
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✳✽✹

Gotama Rāhūgan.a | ✈❛r✐♦✉s ♠❡t❡rs | t♦ Indra

ásāvi sóma indra te śávis..tha dhr..sn.avā´ gahi |

ā´ tvā pr.n.aktvindriyám
. rájah. sū´ryo ná raśmı́bhih. || 1 ||

ı́ndramı́ddhárı̄ vaható ′pratidhr..s.taśavasam |

. ca stut´ı̄rúpa yajñám
.ŕ.sı̄n.ām . ca mā´nus.ān.ām || 2 ||

ā´ tis..tha vr.trahanrátham

. yuktā´ te bráhman.ā hárı̄ |
arvāc´ı̄nam . sú te máno grā´vā kr.n.otu vagnúnā || 3 ||

imámindra sutám . piba jyés..thamámartyam . mádam |

śukrásya tvābhyàks.arandhā´rā .rtásya sā´dane || 4 ||

ı́ndrāya nūnámarcatokthā´ni ca bravı̄tana |

sutā´ amatsurı́ndavo jyés..tham
. namasyatā sáhah. || 5 ||

nákis..tvádrath´ı̄taro hárı̄ yádindra yáchase |

nákis..tvā´nu majmánā nákih. sváśva ānaśe || 6 ||

yá éka ı́dvidáyate vásu mártāya dāśús.e |

´ı̄śāno ápratis.kuta ı́ndro aṅgá || 7 ||

kadā´ mártamarādhásam . padā´ ks.úmpamiva sphurat |

kadā´ nah. śuśravadgı́ra ı́ndro aṅgá || 8 ||

yáściddhı́ tvā bahúbhya ā´ sutā´vām̃

. āvı́vāsati |
ugrám . tátpatyate śáva ı́ndro a ṅgá || 9 ||
 ✷✽✶

✶✳ Soma ✐s ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❢♦r t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Indra✦

❖ ❞❛r✐♥❣ ♠♦st s✇♦❧❧❡♥ ♦♥❡✱ ❝♦♠❡ ❤❡r❡✦
▲❡t t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r ♦✈❡r ❛✛❡❝t✐♦♥s ♣❡r✈❛❞❡ t❤❡❡
❧✐❦❡ s✉♥ ❬♣❡r✈❛❞❡s❪ t❤❡ ❛t♠♦s♣❤❡r❡ ✇✐t❤ ❬✐ts❪ r❛②s✳
✷✳ ❚✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s ❝♦♥✈❡② ❥✉st Indra✱
✇❤♦s❡ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡ t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡ ❝❛♥ ♥♦t ❜❡ ❞❡✜❡❞✱
♥❡❛r ❡✉❧♦❣✐❡s ♦❢ s❡❡rs ❛♥❞
✜r❡ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣s ♦❢ ❤✉♠❛♥s✳
✸✳ ▼♦✉♥t t❤❡ ❝❤❛r✐♦t✱ ❖ Vr.tra✲s❧❛②❡r✦
❚❤② t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s ❬❛r❡❪ ②♦❦❡❞ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❛ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥✳
▲❡t t❤❡ s✐♥❣❡r ♠❛❦❡ ✇✐t❤ ❬❤✐s❪ ♥♦✐s❡
t❤② ♠✐♥❞ t✉r♥❡❞ t♦✇❛r❞s ✇❤❛t✬s ❣♦♦❞✦
✹✳ ❉r✐♥❦ t❤✐s ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❬Soma❪✱ ❖ Indra✱
t❤❡ ♠♦st ❡①❝❡❧❧❡♥t ✐♠♣❡r✐s❤❛❜❧❡ ✇✐♥❡✦
■♥ t❤❡ s❡❛t ♦❢ .rta str❡❛♠s ♦❢ tr❛♥s❧✉❝❡♥t ❬❥✉✐❝❡❪
❞✐❞ ✢♦✇ t♦✇❛r❞s t❤❡❡✳
✺✳ ❘❡❝✐t❡ ②❡ ♣r❛✐s❡s t♦ Indra ♥♦✇✱
❛♥❞ s❛② t❤❡ ✈❡rs❡s✦
❊①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❞r♦♣s ♦❢ ♣✉r❡ Soma ❤❛✈❡ ✐♥✢❛♠❡❞ ❬❤✐♠❪✱
❞♦ ②❡ ♣❛② ❤♦♠❛❣❡ t♦ t❤❡ ♠♦st ❡①❝❡❧❧❡♥t ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ str❡♥❣t❤✦
✻✳ ◆♦ ♦♥❡ ✐s ❛ ❜❡tt❡r ❝❤❛r✐♦t❡❡r t❤❛♥ t❤❡❡
✇❤❡♥ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❝♦♥tr♦❧ t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s✳
◆♦ ♦♥❡ ❛t ❛❧❧✱ ❬❡✈❡♥❪ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❣♦♦❞ ❤♦rs❡s✱
❤❛s ❡q✉❛❧❡❞ t❤❡❡✳
✖✖
✼✳ ❖♥❧② ❤❡✱ ✇❤♦ ❞✐str✐❜✉t❡s
t♦ ❛ ♠♦rt❛❧ ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡r ✇❤❛t✬s ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧✱
❬✇❤♦ ✐s❪ ✉♥r❡♣✉❧s❛❜❧❡ ❜❡✐♥❣✲✐♥✲❝❤❛r❣❡✱
❬♦♥❧② ❤❡ ✐s❪✱ ✐♥❞❡❡❞✱ Indra✳
✽✳ ❲❤❡♥ ✇✐❧❧ ❤❡ ❧❛s❤ ❛t ♥♦t✲s❛t✐s❢②✐♥❣✲❬❤✐s❪✲❞❡s✐r❡ ♠♦rt❛❧
❛s ✐❢ ❛t ❛ ❜✉s❤ ✇✐t❤ ❢♦♦t❄
❲❤❡♥ ✇✐❧❧ ❤❡ ❣✐✈❡ ❡❛r t♦ ♦✉r ❝❤❛♥ts✱
❬❤❡✱❪ Indra ✐♥❞❡❡❞❄
✾✳ ❙✐♥❝❡ ❤❡✱ ✇❤♦ ✐♥❞❡❡❞✱ ❜❡✐♥❣ ✐♥ ♣♦ss❡ss✐♦♥ ♦❢ ♣r❡ss❡❞ ♦✉t ❬Soma❪✱
s❡❡❦s t♦ ♣r♦❝✉r❡ t❤❡❡ ❛♠♦♥❣ ♠❛♥② ❬deva✲s❪✱
❬✇♦✉❧❞❪ ❣♦✈❡r♥ t❤❛t ✈✐♦❧❡♥t ✐♠♣✉❧s❡ t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱
❬❤❡ ✇♦✉❧❞ ❜❡❪ Indra ✐♥❞❡❡❞✳
✖✖
✷✽✷

svādóritthā´ vis.ūváto mádhvah. pibanti gauryàh. |

yā´ ı́ndren.a sayā´varı̄rvŕ..sn.ā mádanti śobháse
vásvı̄ránu svarā´jyam || 10 ||

tā´ asya pr.śanāyúvah. sómam

. śrı̄n.anti pŕ.śnayah. |
priyā´ ı́ndrasya dhenávo vájram . hinvanti sā´yakam .
´
vásvı̄ránu svarājyam || 11 ||

tā´ asya námasā sáhah. saparyánti prácetasah. |

vratā´nyasya saścire purū´n.i pūrvácittaye
vásvı̄ránu svarā´jyam || 12 ||

ı́ndro dadhı̄có asthábhirvr.trā´n.yápratis.kutah. |

jaghā´na navat´ı̄rnáva || 13 ||

ichánnáśvasya yáchı́rah. párvates.vápaśritam |

tádvidacharyan.ā´vati || 14 ||

átrā´ha góramanvata nā´ma tvás..turapı̄cyàm |

itthā´ candrámaso gr.hé || 15 ||
 ✷✽✸

✶✵✳ ❬❚❤♦s❡❪ s❤❡✲❣❛✉rs

✶ ❞r✐♥❦ ♣❛❧❛t❛❜❧❡
✷ ✸
tr✉❧② ✏s❤❛r✐♥❣ ❜♦t❤ s✐❞❡s ❡q✉❛❧❧②✑ ❤♦♥❡② ✱
t❤❛t✱ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥②✐♥❣ ❜✉❧❧ Indra✱ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t❡ t♦ r❡✐♥❢♦r❝❡ ❬❤✐♠❪✳
❋♦❧❧♦✇✐♥❣ ❬Indra✬s❪ ❛✉t♦♥♦♠②✱ ❬t❤❡② ❛r❡❪ ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧✳
✶✶✳ ❚❤♦s❡ ❤✐s s❡❡❦✐♥❣✲t♦✲❝❧✐♥❣
❡♥t✐❝❡♠❡♥ts✲t♦✲r❡❜❡❧ ♠✐① Soma ✹
❬✇✐t❤ ♠✐❧❦ ❪✳
❋❛✈♦r✐t❡ ♠✐❧❝❤✲❝♦✇s ♦❢ Indra
st✐♠✉❧❛t❡ ✐♥t❡♥❞❡❞✲t♦✲❜❡✲❤✉r❧❡❞ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✱
❋♦❧❧♦✇✐♥❣ ❬Indra✬s❪ ❛✉t♦♥♦♠②✱ ❬t❤❡② ❛r❡❪ ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧✳
✶✷✳ ❚❤♦s❡ ❤✐s ❬✐♥♥❡r ✇❛t❡rs❪✱ ❬❜❡✐♥❣❪ ✈✐❣✐❧❛♥t✱
❛tt❡♥❞ r❡✈❡r❡♥t❧② t♦ ❬❤✐s❪ ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ ♣♦✇❡r✳
❍✐s ♠❛♥② ✭s❡❧❢✲✐♠♣♦s❡❞✮ ❝♦♥str❛✐♥ts
❤❛✈❡ ❤❡❧♣❡❞ ❬t❤❡♠❪ t♦ ❛ ♣r❡s❡♥t✐♠❡♥t ✳
✺
❋♦❧❧♦✇✐♥❣ ❬Indra✬s❪ ❛✉t♦♥♦♠②✱ ❬t❤❡② ❛r❡❪ ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧✳
✖✖
✶✸✳ ❯♥r❡♣✉❧s❛❜❧❡ Indra
✉s✐♥❣ Dadhyañc✬❡s ❜♦♥❡s
❛✈❡rt❡❞ ♥✐♥❡t② ♥✐♥❡ ♦❜st❛❝❧❡s ✳
✻
✶✹✳ ❙❡❡❦✐♥❣ ✇❤✐❝❤ ❤❡❛❞ ♦❢ ❛ ❤♦rs❡
❬✇❛s❪ r❡t✐r❡❞✲❢r♦♠ ✐♥ t❤❡ ♠♦✉♥t❛✐♥s✱
t❤❛t ❬s❦✉❧❧❪ ❤❡ s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ ❢♦✉♥❞ ✐♥ Śaryan.āvat✳
✶✺✳ ❆t t❤❛t ✈❡r② ♣❧❛❝❡ t❤❡② s❡t t❤❡ ♠✐♥❞
♦♥ t❤❡ ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥ ✳
✼
❍✐❞❞❡♥ ♥❛t✉r❡ ♦❢ Tvas..t.r ❬✐s❪
r❡❛❧❧② ✐♥ t❤❡ ❤♦✉s❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ▼♦♦♥✳
✖✖

✶ ✐♥♥❡r ✇❛t❡rs
✷ ♣r♦❜✳ ✢♦✇✐♥❣ t❤r♦✉❣❤ susumnā
.
✸ ✐♥♥❡r Soma
✹ ♣r♦❜✳ ❡✐t❤❡r ✇♦r❞s✱ ♦r ❡✛❡❝ts ♦❢ ✐♥♥❡r ✇❛t❡rs
✺ ❂ ♣r✐♠✐♥❣ ♥❡r✈♦✉s s②st❡♠ ❢♦r ❧✐❣❤t♥✐♥❣✲❢❛st ❛❝t✐♦♥
✻ vrtra✲s
.
✼ ❧✐t✳ ✏❝♦✇✑
✷✽✹

kó adyá yuṅkte dhurı́ gā´ .rtásya śı́mı̄vato bhāmı́no durhr.n.āyū´n |

āsánnis.ūnhr.tsvásomayobhū´nyá es.ām . bhr.tyā´mr.n.ádhatsájı̄vāt || 16 ||

ká ı̄s.ate tujyáte kó bibhāya kó mam . sate sántamı́ndram . kó ánti |
kástokā´ya ká ı́bhāyotá rāyé ′dhi bravattanvè kó jánāya || 17 ||

kó agnı́mı̄t..te havı́s.ā ghr.téna srucā´ yajātā .rtúbhirdhruvébhih. |

kásmai devā´ ā´vahānāśúhómakó mam . sate vı̄tı́hotrah. sudeváh. || 18 ||

. sis.o deváh. śavis..tha mártyam |

tvámaṅgá prá śam
ná tvádanyó maghavannasti mard.iténdra brávı̄mi te vácah. || 19 ||

mā´ te rā´dhām
. si mā´ ta ūtáyo vaso smā´nkádā canā´ dabhan |
′

vı́śvā ca na upamimı̄hı́ mānus.a vásūni cars.an.ı́bhya ā´ || 20 ||

 ✷✽✺

✶✻✳ ❲❤♦ ♥♦✇❛❞❛②s ②♦❦❡s t♦ ❛ ❝❤❛r✐♦t ♣♦❧❡ ♦①❡♥ ♦❢ .rta ✖

❡①❡rt✐♥❣✲t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s ♣❛ss✐♦♥❛t❡ ❡♥r❛❣❡❞
❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❛rr♦✇✲✐♥✲♠♦✉t❤ s❤♦♦t✐♥❣✲✐♥t♦✲❤❡❛rts ❜r✐♥❣✐♥❣✲❜❛❧❛♥❝❡ ♦♥❡s ❄ ✽
❲❤♦ ✇♦✉❧❞ ♣r♦♠♦t❡ t❤❡✐r s✉♣♣♦rt✱ ❤❡ ✇✐❧❧ ❧✐✈❡✳
✶✼✳ ❲❤♦ ❤❛st❡♥s ❬t♦ ❤❡❧♣ s♦♠❡♦♥❡❪ s✉❜❥❡❝t❡❞ t♦ ❛ ❢♦❝✉s❡❞ ❬❛tt❛❝❦❪❄
❲❤♦ ❤❛s ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❛❢r❛✐❞❄
❲❤♦ ✇♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ ✐♠❛❣✐♥❡❞ Indra ❬t♦ ❜❡❪ r❡❛❧❄
❲❤♦ ❬✇❛s❪ ✐♥ ❬❤✐s❪ ♣r❡s❡♥❝❡❄
❲❤♦ ❬❤❛st❡♥s❪ ❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ ❛♥ ♦✛s♣r✐♥❣✱
✇❤♦ ❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❢❛♠✐❧② ❛♥❞ ✇❡❛❧t❤❄
❲❤♦ ✇♦✉❧❞ ✐♥t❡r❝❡❞❡ ❢♦r ❤✐♠s❡❧❢✱ ✇❤♦ ❢♦r t❤❡ ♣❡♦♣❧❡❄
✶✽✳ ❲❤♦ ✐♠♣❧♦r❡s Agni ✇✐t❤ ❛♥ ♦❜❧❛t✐♦♥✱ ✇✐t❤ ❣❤❡❡❄
❬❲❤♦❪ ✇♦✉❧❞ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡ ✇✐t❤ ❛ ❧❛❞❧❡ ❢♦❧❧♦✇✐♥❣ ✜①❡❞ s❡q✉❡♥❝❡s❄
❋♦r ✇❤♦♠ deva✲s ✇♦✉❧❞ ❜r✐♥❣ ❤❡r❡ ❬t❤❡ ❢r❡♥③②❪ ❄ ✾
▲❡t ✉s s❛❝r✐✜❝❡ q✉✐❝❦❧②✦
❲❤♦ ✇♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ t❤♦✉❣❤t
❛r♦✉s✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡♠❪ ✇✐t❤ ❛ ❜✉r♥t ♦✛❡r✐♥❣ ✐s ❛ ❣♦♦❞ ❣❛♠❜❧❡❄
✶✾✳ ❲♦✉❧❞ t❤♦✉✱ ♣❧❡❛s❡✱ ❛♣♣r♦✈❡ ✖
❬t❤♦✉✱❪ ❛ deva✱ ❬❛♣♣r♦✈❡ t❤✐s❪ ♠♦rt❛❧✱ ❖ ♠♦st s✇♦❧❧❡♥ ♦♥❡✦
◆♦ ♦♥❡ ♦t❤❡r t❤❛♥ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡✱
s❤♦✇s ❝♦♠♣❛ss✐♦♥ ❬t♦ ✉s❪✳
❖ Indra✱ ■ s❛② ❬t❤✐s❪ ✉tt❡r❛♥❝❡ t♦ t❤❡❡✳
✷✵✳ ▼❛② ♥♦t t❤② s❛t✐s❢❛❝t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ♦✉r ❞❡s✐r❡s✱
t❤② s✐❞❡✲❡✛❡❝ts✱ ❖ ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧ ♦♥❡ ✱ ❡✈❡r ❞❡❝❡✐✈❡ ✉s✦
✶✵
❆♥❞ ❞♦ t❤♦✉ ✱ ❛♣♣♦rt✐♦♥ t♦ ✉s ❛❧❧ ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧ t❤✐♥❣s✱
✶✶
❖ ❤✉♠❛♥ ✱ ❢r♦♠ t❤♦s❡ t❤❛t ❞r❛✇ t♦ t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s ✳
✶✷ ✶✸

❚❤✐s ❤②♠♥ ❞❡s❝r✐❜❡s s❡❧❡❝t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ♦♥❡ ❛♠♦♥❣ ♣r❡s❡♥t ✇❛rr✐♦rs ❤✐♠

✇❤♦ ✇✐❧❧ ❜❡ ❣✐✈❡♥ ❜② deva✲s ❡①tr❛♦r❞✐♥❛r② ❛❜✐❧✐t✐❡s✱ ✇❤♦ ♠✐❣❤t ❜❡
♣♦ss❡ss❡❞ ❜② Indra ❛♥❞ t❤✉s ❜❡❝♦♠❡ Indra ✐♥ t❤❡ ❝♦♠✐♥❣ ❝♦♥❢r♦♥t❛✲
t✐♦♥✱ ✇❤♦ ✇✐❧❧ ❜❡ ❧❡❛❞✐♥❣ ❛ tr♦♦♣ ♦❢ Marut✲s✱ ❛♥❞ ❞❡s❝r✐❜❡s ♣r❡♣❛✲
r❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❤✐♠ ❢♦r t❤✐s r♦❧❡✳
✽ ♣r♦❜✳ Marut✲s
✾ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✶✳✽✵✳✶✺
✶✵ Indra
✶✶ ❛ ♠♦rt❛❧
✶✷ t❤❡ ♦♥❡ ✇❤♦ ✇❛s s❡❧❡❝t❡❞ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❛ ✜r❡ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣ ✐♥ ✶✳✽✹✳✶✽❝❞ ❛s r❡❝❡✐✈✐♥❣
❡①tr❛♦r❞✐♥❛r② ❛❜✐❧✐t✐❡s ❢r♦♠ deva✲s
✶✸ s❡tt❧❡rs
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✳✶✵✵

. jrāśva✱ Ambarı̄s.a✱Sahadeva✱ Bhayamāna✱ Suradhas | Tris..tubh | t♦

R
Indra

sá yó vŕ..sā vŕ..sn.yebhih. sámokā

mahó diváh. pr.thivyā´śca samrā´.t |
satı̄násatvā hávyo bháres.u
marútvānno bhavatvı́ndra ūt´ı̄ || 1 ||

yásyā´nāptah. sū´ryasyeva yā´mo

bhárebhare vr.trahā´ śús.mo ásti |
vŕ..santamah. sákhibhih. svébhirévair
marútvānno bhavatvı́ndra ūt´ı̄ || 2 ||

divó ná yásya rétaso dúghānāh.

pánthāso yánti śávasā´parı̄tāh. |
taráddves.āh. sāsahı́h. paum
´ . syebhir
marútvānno bhavatvı́ndra ūt´ı̄ || 3 ||

só áṅgirobhiráṅgirastamo bhūdvŕ..sā

vŕ..sabhih. sákhibhih. sákhā sán |
.rgmı́bhirr.gm´ı̄ gātúbhirjyés..tho
marútvānno bhavatvı́ndra ūt´ı̄ || 4 ||

sá sūnúbhirná rudrébhirŕ.bhvā

nr..sā´hye sāsahvā´m̃
. amı́trān |
sánı̄..debhih. śravasyā`ni tū´rvan
marútvānno bhavatvı́ndra ūt´ı̄ || 5 ||

sá manyum´ı̄h. samádanasya kartā´smā´kebhir

nŕ.bhih. sū´ryam
. sanat |
asmı́nnáhansátpatih. puruhūtó
marútvānno bhavatvı́ndra ūt´ı̄ || 6 ||
 ✷✽✼

✶✳ ❍❡✱ ✇❤♦ ✐s ❛ ❜✉❧❧✱ ❛t✲❤♦♠❡ ✇✐t❤ ♠❛♥❧② ♣♦✇❡rs✱

❬✐s❪ ❛ ❥♦✐♥t r✉❧❡r ♦❢ ♠✐❣❤t② ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤✳
❆ r❡❛❧ ✜❣❤t❡r t♦✲❜❡✲❝❛❧❧❡❞✲✉♣♦♥ ✐♥ ❜❛tt❧❡s✱
♠❛② ❤❡✱ Indra ✇✐t❤ ❬❤✐s❪ ❤❡❧♣✱
❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② Marut✲s ❢♦r ♦✉r s❛❦❡✦
✷✳ ❲❤♦s❡ ❝♦✉rs❡ ❧✐❦❡ ❬t❤❛t❪ ♦❢ t❤❡ s✉♥ ✖ ♥♦t ❬t♦ ❜❡❪ ♦✈❡rt❛❦❡♥✱
✐♥ ❡✈❡r② ❜❛tt❧❡ ❤❡ ✐s ❢❡r✈❡♥t Vrtra✲s❧❛②❡r✳
▼♦st ❜✉❧❧✲❧✐❦❡ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ❤✐s. ♦✇♥ ❢❛st ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s✱
♠❛② ❤❡✱ Indra ✇✐t❤ ❬❤✐s❪ ❤❡❧♣✱
❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② Marut✲s ❢♦r ♦✉r s❛❦❡✦
✸✳ ❲❤♦s❡ ♣❛t❤✇❛②s✱ ❧✐❦❡ t❤♦s❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥✱
♠✐❧❦✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❥✉✐❝❡ ❬♦❢ ❛♥❝✐❡♥t str❡❛♠❪ ✱ ✶
t❤r♦✉❣❤ t❤❡✲♣♦✇❡r✲t♦✲❝❤❛♥❣❡ ❝♦♥t✐♥✉❡ t♦ ❜❡ ✉♥♦❜str✉❝t❡❞✱
❬❤❡✱❪ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ✇❛②s t♦ ♣r❡✈❛✐❧ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ♠❛♥❧② ♣♦✇❡rs✱
❝r♦ss✐♥❣ ♦✈❡r ❛✈❡rs✐♦♥s✱
♠❛② ❤❡✱ Indra ✇✐t❤ ❬❤✐s❪ ❤❡❧♣✱
❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② Marut✲s ❢♦r ♦✉r s❛❦❡✦
✖✖
✹✳ ❚♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ aṅgiras✲❡s ❤❡ s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ ❜❡❝❛♠❡
t❤❡ ❜❡st aṅgiras✱
✇✐t❤ ❜✉❧❧s ❬❤❡ s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ ❜❡❝❛♠❡❪✱
❜❡✐♥❣ ❛ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥ ✇✐t❤ ❧✐❦❡✲♠✐♥❞❡❞ ♦♥❡s✱ ❛ ❜✉❧❧✱
✇✐t❤ ✈❡rs✐✜❡rs ✖ t❤❡ ♠♦st ❡①❝❡❧❧❡♥t ✈❡rs✐✜❡r
✷
❜❡❝❛✉s❡ ♦❢ ✉♥✐♠♣❡❞❡❞ ✇❛②s❀
♠❛② ❤❡✱ Indra ✇✐t❤ ❬❤✐s❪ ❤❡❧♣✱
❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② Marut✲s ✖ ❢♦r ♦✉r s❛❦❡✦
✺✳ ❍❛✈✐♥❣ ♣r❡✈❛✐❧❡❞ ♦✈❡r ❤♦st✐❧❡s ✐♥ ♦✈❡r♣♦✇❡r✐♥❣✲♦❢✲♠❡♥ ❬s❡t✉♣❪✱
✇✐t❤ Rudra✲s ❤❡ ❬✐s❪ ♣r✉❞❡♥t ❛s ✐❢ ✇✐t❤ s♦♥s✳
❲✐t❤ ❤❛✈✐♥❣✲t❤❡✲s❛♠❡✲♥❡st ♦♥❡s
❬❤❡ ✐s❪ ♣r❡ss✐♥❣ ❢♦rt❤ ✇♦rt❤②✲♦❢✲❢❛♠❡ ❞❡❡❞s❀
♠❛② ❤❡✱ Indra ✇✐t❤ ❬❤✐s❪ ❤❡❧♣✱
❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② Marut✲s ❢♦r ♦✉r s❛❦❡✦
✻✳ ❍❡✱ ❧❡ss❡♥✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❢✉r②✱ ❬✐s❪ ❛ ❝r❡❛t♦r ♦❢ ❛♥ ✐♠♣❛ss✐♦♥❡❞ ❬♠❛♥❪✳
❚♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ♦✉r ♠❡♥ ❤❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❣❛✐♥ t❤❡ s✉♥ ✸
♦♥ t❤✐s ❬✈❡r②❪ ❞❛②✦ ▼✉❝❤ ✐♥✈♦❦❡❞ ♦✈❡rs❡❡r ♦❢ ✇❤❛t✬s r❡❛❧✱
♠❛② ❤❡✱ Indra ✇✐t❤ ❬❤✐s❪ ❤❡❧♣✱
❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② Marut✲s ❢♦r ♦✉r s❛❦❡✦
✖✖
✶ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✸✳✸✶✳✶✵❜
✷ ❢♦❧❧♦✇✐♥❣ ❬❏❛♠✐s♦♥ ❛♥❞ ❇r❡r❡t♦♥✱ ✷✵✶✹✱ ♣✳✷✸✽❪
✸ manipūra ❝❛❦r❛
.
✷✽✽

támūtáyo ran.ayañchū´rasātau
. ks.émasya ks.itáyah. kr.n.vata trā´m |
tám
sá vı́śvasya karún.asyeśa éko
marútvānno bhavatvı́ndra ūt´ı̄ || 7 ||

támapsanta śávasa utsavés.u

náro náramávase tám. dhánāya |
só andhé cittámasi jyótirvidan
marútvānno bhavatvı́ndra ūt´ı̄ || 8 ||

sá savyéna yamati vrā´dhataścit

sá daks.in.é sám . gr.bhı̄tā kr.tā´ni |
sá kı̄rı́n.ā citsánitā dhánāni
marútvānno bhavatvı́ndra ūt´ı̄ || 9 ||

sá grā´mebhih. sánitā sá ráthebhir

vidé vı́śvābhih. kr..s.tı́bhirnvàdyá |
´ . syebhirabhibhū´ráśastı̄r
sá paum
marútvānno bhavatvı́ndra ūt´ı̄ || 10 ||

sá jāmı́bhiryátsamájāti mı̄..dhé ′jāmibhirvā

puruhūtá évaih. |
apā´m. tokásya tánayasya jes.é
marútvānno bhavatvı́ndra ūt´ı̄ || 11 ||
 ✷✽✾

✼✳ ❍✐♠ s✐❞❡✲❡✛❡❝ts ♠❛❦❡ t♦ ❞❡❧✐❣❤t

✐♥ ❣❛✐♥✐♥❣ ❜② ❛ ❞❡❝✐s✐✈❡ ❛❝t✐♦♥✱
❤✐♠ tr✐❜❡s ♦❢ s❡tt❧❡❞ ❧✐❢❡ s❤❛❧❧ ♠❛❦❡ t❤❡ ♣r♦t❡❝t♦r✳
❍❡ ❛❧♦♥❡ ♦✇♥s ❡✈❡r② ❧❛♠❡♥t✱
♠❛② ❤❡✱ Indra ✇✐t❤ ❬❤✐s❪ ❤❡❧♣✱
❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② Marut✲s ❢♦r ♦✉r s❛❦❡✦
✽✳ ❍✐♠ t❤❡② ✇✐s❤ t♦ ♦❜t❛✐♥ ❛t ♦♥s❡ts ♦❢ t❤❡ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡✲t♦✲❝❤❛♥❣❡ ✖
♠❡♥ ❬✇✐s❤ t♦ ❛tt❛✐♥❪ t❤❡ ♠❛♥ ❢♦r ❬❤✐s❪ ❤❡❧♣✱
❤✐♠ ❬t♦ ❤❡❧♣❪ ❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ♣r✐③❡✳
❍❡ s❤❛❧❧ ✜♥❞ ❧✐❣❤t ❡✈❡♥ ✐♥ ❜❧✐♥❞ ❞❛r❦♥❡ss ✖
♠❛② ❤❡✱ Indra ✇✐t❤ ❬❤✐s❪ ❤❡❧♣✱
❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② Marut✲s ❢♦r ♦✉r s❛❦❡✦
✾✳ ❊✈❡♥ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ❧❡❢t ❤❛♥❞ ❤❡ ❤♦❧❞s ❜❛❝❦ r❡✐♥❢♦r❝✐♥❣ ♦♥❡s✱
❬✇❤✐❧❡❪ t❛❦✐♥❣ ❤♦❧❞ ♦❢ ♣r❡♣❛r❡❞ ❬✇❡❛♣♦♥s ❪ ♦♥ t❤❡ r✐❣❤t✳
✹
❊✈❡♥ ✇✐t❤ ❬❥✉st ❛ ❜✐t ♦❢❪ ♣r❛✐s❡ ❤❡ ✇✐❧❧ ♣r♦❝✉r❡ t❤❡ ♣r✐③❡s ✖
♠❛② ❤❡✱ Indra ✇✐t❤ ❬❤✐s❪ ❤❡❧♣✱
❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② Marut✲s ❢♦r ♦✉r s❛❦❡✦
✶✵✳ ❍❡ ✇✐❧❧ ♣r♦❝✉r❡ ❬t❤❡♠❪ ✇✐t❤ ✈✐❧❧❛❣❡ ❬❢♦❧❦s❪✱
❤❡ ❬✇✐❧❧ ♣r♦❝✉r❡ t❤❡♠❪ ✇✐t❤ ❝❤❛r✐♦t❬✲✜❣❤t❡rs❪ ✖
❬❛s ✐s❪ ❦♥♦✇♥ ♥♦✇❛❞❛②s ❜② ❛❧❧ tr✐❜❡s✳
❚❤r♦✉❣❤ t❤❡ ♠❛♥❧② ♣♦✇❡rs
❤❡ ❬✐s❪ s✉♣❡r✐♦r t♦ ❝✉rs❡s ✖
♠❛② ❤❡✱ Indra ✇✐t❤ ❬❤✐s❪ ❤❡❧♣✱
❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② Marut✲s ❢♦r ♦✉r s❛❦❡✦
✶✶✳ ❲❤❡♥ ❞✉r✐♥❣ str✐❢❡ ❤❡ r❛❧❧✐❡s ✇✐t❤ ❦✐♥✱
♦r ✇✐t❤ ♥♦♥✲❦✐♥✱ ❤❡ ❬✐s❪ ♠✉❝❤ ✐♥✈♦❦❡❞ ✐♥ ❬♠❛♥②❪ ✇❛②s✳
■♥ ❣❛✐♥✐♥❣ ✇❛t❡rs✱ ♣r♦♣❛❣❛t✐♥❣✲❢❛♠✐❧② ❝❤✐❧❞r❡♥✱
♠❛② ❤❡✱ Indra ✇✐t❤ ❬❤✐s❪ ❤❡❧♣✱
❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② Marut✲s ❢♦r ♦✉r s❛❦❡✦
✖✖

✹ āyudhāni
✷✾✵

sá vajrabhŕ.ddasyuhā´ bhı̄má ugráh.

sahásracetāh. śatánı̄tha .ŕbhvā |
camrı̄s.ó ná śávasā pā´ñcajanyo
marútvānno bhavatvı́ndra ūt´ı̄ || 12 ||

tásya vájrah. krandati smátsvars.ā´

divó ná tves.ó raváthah. śı́mı̄vān |
tám
. sacante sanáyastám . dhánāni
marútvānno bhavatvı́ndra ūt´ı̄ || 13 ||

yásyā´jasram. śávasā mā´namukthám

.
paribhujádródası̄ viśvátah. sı̄m |
sá pāris.atkrátubhirmandasānó
marútvānno bhavatvı́ndra ūt´ı̄ || 14 ||

ná yásya devā´ devátā ná mártā

ā´paścaná śávaso ántamāpúh. |
sá prarı́kvā tváks.asā ks.mó diváśca
marútvānno bhavatvı́ndra ūt´ı̄ || 15 ||
 ✷✾✶

✶✷✳ ❍❡ ❬✐s❪ ❝❛rr②✐♥❣ ❛ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✱

❬❤❡ ✐s❪ s❧❛②✐♥❣ t❤❡ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡✲t♦✲s✉✛❡r✲✇❛♥t✱
❬❤❡ ✐s❪ t❡rr✐❢②✐♥❣ ❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s✱
❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞ ❝♦♥s✐❞❡r❛t✐♦♥s✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ tr✐❝❦s✱ ♣r✉❞❡♥t✳
❆s ✐❢ ❢r♦♠ ❛ ❜✐❣ ❧❛❞❧❡ ❬❤❡ ✐s❪ ❛r✐s✐♥❣ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ✜✈❡ ❬s❡♥s❡s❪
❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ t❤❡ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡ t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡ ✖
♠❛② ❤❡✱ Indra ✇✐t❤ ❬❤✐s❪ ❤❡❧♣✱
❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② Marut✲s ❢♦r ♦✉r s❛❦❡✦
✶✸✳ ❍✐s t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✱ ❣❛✐♥✐♥❣ svàr✱ ❝❛❧❧s ♦✉t ❬t♦ t❤❡♠❪ ❛t ♦♥❝❡ ✖
✈❡❤❡♠❡♥t ❛s ✐❢ ❬❛ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t❪ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ s❦② ✖
r♦❛r✐♥❣ ❬❛♥❞❪ ❡①❡rt✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡♠❪✳
❚♦ ❤✐♠ t❤❡② ❛❞❤❡r❡✱ t♦ ❤✐♠ ✖ t❤❡ ♣r✐③❡s✳
♠❛② ❤❡✱ Indra ✇✐t❤ ❬❤✐s❪ ❤❡❧♣✱
❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② Marut✲s ❢♦r ♦✉r s❛❦❡✦
✶✹✳ ❲❤♦s❡ ✈❡r❜❛❧ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❛❝t✐✈✐t② ❬✐s❪ ♥♦t ❝♦♥❞✉❝✐✈❡✲t♦✲❡①❤❛✉st✐♦♥
❜❡❝❛✉s❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱
❤❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❡♠❜r❛❝❡ t❤❡♠ ✖ ❜♦t❤ Rodas✲❡s ✖ ✐♥ ❡✈❡r② ✇❛②✳
❇❡❝♦♠✐♥❣ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t❡❞✱ ❤❡ s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ ♣r♦t❡❝t❡❞ ❬t❤♦s❡ t✇♦❪
❜② ❬✈❛r✐♦✉s❪ ❞❡s✐❣♥s ✖
♠❛② ❤❡✱ Indra ✇✐t❤ ❬❤✐s❪ ❤❡❧♣✱
❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② Marut✲s ❢♦r ♦✉r s❛❦❡✦
✶✺✳ ❚❤❡ ❧✐♠✐ts ♦❢ ✇❤♦s❡ ♣♦✇❡r✲t♦✲❝❤❛♥❣❡
♥♦t ❛♠♦♥❣ deva✲s✱ ♥♦t ❛♠♦♥❣ ♠♦rt❛❧s✱
t❤❡ deva✲s ❛♥❞ ❡✈❡♥ t❤❡ ✇❛t❡rs s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ r❡❛❝❤❡❞✱
❤❡ t❤r♦✉❣❤ ❬❤✐s❪ ❝r❛❢t✐♥❡ss ♣♦ss❡ss❡s s✉♣❡r✐♦r✐t②
♦✈❡r t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤ ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ✖
♠❛② ❤❡✱ Indra ✇✐t❤ ❬❤✐s❪ ❤❡❧♣✱
❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② Marut✲s ❢♦r ♦✉r s❛❦❡✦
✖✖
✷✾✷

rohı́chyāvā´ sumádam . śurlalām´ı̄r

dyuks.ā´ rāyá .rjrā´śvasya |
vŕ..san.vantam. bı́bhratı̄ dhūrs.ú rátham.
mandrā´ ciketa nā´hus.ı̄s.u viks.ú || 16 ||

etáttyátta indra vŕ..sn.a ukthám .

vārs.āgirā´ abhı́ gr.n.anti rā´dhah. |
.rjrā´śvah. prás..tibhirambar´ı̄.sah.
sahádevo bháyamānah. surā´dhāh. || 17 ||

dásyūñchı́myūm̃ . śca puruhūtá évair

hatvā´ pr.thivyā´m. śárvā nı́ barhı̄t |
sánatks.étram. sákhibhih. śvitnyébhih.
sánatsū´ryam. sánadapáh . suvájrah. || 18 ||

viśvā´héndro adhivaktā´ no astváparihvr.tāh.

sanuyāma vā´jam |
tánno mitró várun.o māmahantām
áditih. sı́ndhuh. pr.thiv´ı̄ utá dyauh
´ . || 19 ||
 ✷✾✸

✶✻✳ ❈❤❡st♥✉t ❞✉s❦② ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❛ ♠❛r❦ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❢♦r❡❤❡❛❞ ♠❛r❡

✇✐t❤ ❤❛r♥❡ss
❬✐s❪ ❡♠♣♦✇❡r❡❞✲❜②✲t❤❡✲❍❡❛✈❡♥ ❢♦r R
. jrāśva✬s ✇❡❛❧t❤✳
❙❤❡✱ ❝❤❛r♠✐♥❣✱ s✉✛❡r✐♥❣ ✉♥❞❡r ❜✉r❞❡♥s✱
✐♥ s❡tt❧❡♠❡♥ts ♦❢ Nahus.a✲s
❤❛s ❛tt❡♥❞❡❞ t♦ ②♦❦❡❞ ✇✐t❤ st❛❧❧✐♦♥s ❝❤❛r✐♦t✳
✖✖
✶✼✳ ❚❤✐s ✈❡r② ✈❡rs❡ ❬✐s❪ ❢♦r t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Indra✦
Vars.āgira✲s ✇❡❧❝♦♠❡ t❤❡ s❛t✐s❢❛❝t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❬t❤❡✐r❪ ❞❡s✐r❡ ✖
R
. jrāśva ✇✐t❤ ❬❤✐s❪ ❢r♦♥t✲♠❡♥
Ambarı̄s.a✱ Sahadeva✱ Bhayamāna✱ Surādhas ✖
✶✽✳ ✏▼✉❝❤ ✐♥✈♦❦❡❞ ✐♥ ❬♠❛♥②❪ ✇❛②s✱ ❤❡✱
❤❛✈✐♥❣ s❧❛✐♥ ❛❣❣r❡ss✐✈❡ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡s t♦✲s✉✛❡r✲✇❛♥t✱
s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ ♣✉❧❧❡❞ ❬t❤❡♠❪ ✐♥t♦ t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ❛rr♦✇✳
❍❡✱ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ✇❤✐t✐s❤ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s
✺ s❤❛❧❧ ♦❜t❛✐♥ t❤❡ s♣❛❝❡✱
✻
❤❡ s❤❛❧❧ ♦❜t❛✐♥ t❤❡ s✉♥ ✱
❤❡✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ q✉✐❝❦ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✱ s❤❛❧❧ ♦❜t❛✐♥ t❤❡ ✇❛t❡rs✳
✶✾✳ ▼❛② Indra ❛❧✇❛②s ❜❡ ❛♥ ❛❞✈♦❝❛t❡ ❢♦r ✉s
s♦ t❤❛t ✇❡✱ ✉♥❞❡❝❡✐✈❡❞✱ ♠❛② ♦❜t❛✐♥ t❤❡ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✦
▼❛② Mitra✱ Varun.a✱ Aditi✱ Sindhu✱
t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ❛♥❞ ❊❛rt❤ ❜❡st♦✇ t❤❛t ✉♣♦♥ ✉s✦✑

✺ ♣r♦❜✳ ❞r♦♣s ♦❢ Soma

✻ manipūra ❝❛❦r❛
.
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✳✶✵✶

Kutsa Āṅgirasa | ✶✕✼ Jagatı̄✱ ✽✕✶✶ Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra

prá mandı́ne pitumádarcatā váco

yáh. kr..sn.ágarbhā niráhannr.jı́śvanā |
avasyávo vŕ..san.am . vájradaks.in.am.
marútvantam . sakhy ā´ya havāmahe || 1 ||

yó vyam . sam

. jāhr..sān.éna manyúnā
yáh. śámbaram . yó áhanpı́prumavratám |
ı́ndro yáh. śús.n.amaśús.am . nyā´vr.n.aṅ
marútvantam . sakhy ´
ā ya havāmahe || 2 ||

yásya dyā´vāpr.thiv´ı̄ paum

´ . syam
. mahád
yásya vraté várun.o yásya sū´ryah. |
yásyéndrasya sı́ndhavah. sáścati vratám.
marútvantam . sakhyā´ya havāmahe || 3 ||

yó áśvānām . gópatirvaś´ı̄

. yó gávām
yá āritáh. kárman.ikarman.i sthiráh. |
vı̄..dóścidı́ndro yó ásunvato vadhó
marútvantam . sakhyā´ya havāmahe || 4 ||

yó vı́śvasya jágatah. prān.atáspátir

yó brahmán.e prathamó gā´ ávindat |
ı́ndro yó dásyūm̃
. rádharām̃. avā´tiran
marútvantam . sakhy ´
ā ya havāmahe || 5 ||
 ✷✾✺

✶✳ ❉♦ ②❡ ❝♦♠♠❡♥❞ ✇✐t❤ ❛ ✈❡rs❡ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞✲❜②✲❛✲❞r✐♥❦ ✉tt❡r❛♥❝❡

t♦ ♣♦ss❡ss✐♥❣✲♦❢✲❞❡❧✐❣❤t ❬Indra❪ ✱ ✶
✇❤♦ ❦♥♦❝❦❡❞ ♦✉t ❬t❤♦s❡ ✇❛t❡rs t❤❛t ✇❡r❡ ❝❛rr②✐♥❣❪
❡♠❜r②♦s ♦❢ ❞❛r❦ ♦♥❡s ✳ ✷
❬❲❡✱❪ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ ❤❡❧♣✱ ❬❤✐♠✱❪ ✇❤♦s❡ r❡✇❛r❞ ✐s t❤❡ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✱
❬❤✐♠✱❪ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② Marut✲s ❬❜✉❧❧❪✱
✇❡ ❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥ ❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ ❧✐❦❡✲♠✐♥❞❡❞♥❡ss✳
✷✳ ❬❤✐♠✱❪ ✇❤♦ ❬s❧❛②❡❞❪ ❤❛✈✐♥❣✲♥♦✲s❤♦✉❧❞❡r❜❧❛❞❡s ♦♥❡
t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ✐♠♣❛t✐❡♥t ❛♥❣❡r✱
❬❤✐♠✱❪ ✇❤♦ ❬s❧❛②❡❞❪ Śambara✱
❬❤✐♠✱❪ ✇❤♦ s❧❛②❡❞ ✉♥❝♦♥str❛✐♥❡❞ Pipru✳
Indra✱ ✇❤♦ ❬s❧❛②❡❞❪ Śus.n.a✱ ♣✉❧❧❡❞ t❤❡ ✉♥❛❜❛t✐♥❣ ♦♥❡ ❞♦✇♥ ✖
❬❤✐♠✱❪ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② Marut✲s ❬❜✉❧❧❪✱
✇❡ ❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥ ❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ ❧✐❦❡✲♠✐♥❞❡❞♥❡ss✳
✸✳ ❲❤♦s❡ ❣r❡❛t ♠❛♥❧② str❡♥❣t❤ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤ ❬❢♦st❡r❪✱
✉♥❞❡r ✇❤♦s❡ s✇❛② ❬✐s❪ Varun.a✱
❬✉♥❞❡r❪ ✇❤♦s❡ ❬s✇❛② ✐s❪ ✐s t❤❡ s✉♥ ✱ ✸
✇❤♦s❡ s✇❛② ✖ Indra✬s ✖ t❤❡ r✐✈❡rs ❛ss✐st✱
❬❤✐♠✱❪ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② Marut✲s ❬❜✉❧❧❪✱
✇❡ ❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥ ❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ ❧✐❦❡✲♠✐♥❞❡❞♥❡ss✳
✹✳ ❲❤♦ ♦❢ ❤♦rs❡s✱ ✇❤♦ ♦❢ ❝♦✇s ✐s t❤❡ ❤❡r❞s♠❛♥ ❡①❡rt✐♥❣ ❤✐s ✇✐❧❧❀ ✹
✇❤♦✱ ❬♦♥❝❡❪ ❛r♦✉s❡❞✱ ❬✐s❪ st❡❛❞② ✐♥ ❡✈❡r② ❛❝t✐♦♥✱
❲❤♦ ✖ Indra ✖ ❬✐s❪ ❛ ❞❡str✉❝t✐✈❡ ✇❡❛♣♦♥
♦❢ ❡✈❡♥ ❛ str♦♥❣ ♥♦♥✲♣r❡ss✐♥❣✲❬Soma❪ ♦♥❡✱
❬❤✐♠✱❪ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② Marut✲s ❬❜✉❧❧❪✱
✇❡ ❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥ ❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ ❧✐❦❡✲♠✐♥❞❡❞♥❡ss✳
✺✳ ❲❤♦ ❬✐s❪ ❛♥ ♦✈❡rs❡❡r ♦❢ ❡✈❡r② ❜r❡❛t❤✐♥❣ ❝r❡❛t✉r❡✱
✇❤♦ ✇❛s t❤❡ ✜rst t♦ ✜♥❞ ❝♦✇s ❢♦r ❛ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t♦r✱
❬t❤❛t❪ Indra ✇❤♦ ❞❡❣r❛❞❡❞ ✐♥❢❡r✐♦r ❬t♦ ❤✐♠❪
✐♠♣✉❧s❡s t♦ s✉✛❡r ✇❛♥t✱
❬❤✐♠✱❪ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② Marut✲s ❬❜✉❧❧❪✱
✇❡ ❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥ ❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ ❧✐❦❡✲♠✐♥❞❡❞♥❡ss✳

✶♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✶✳✾✳✷❜

✷t❤❛t ✐s ♦❢ ✖ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ♦❜s❝✉r❛t✐♦♥s ✖ s❡❡ ✾✳✻✻✳✷✹
❝❛❦r❛
támām
. si
✸ manipūra
✹t❤❡ ❡♥t✐r❡ ❧✐♥❡ ✐s ❢r♦♠ ❬❏❛♠✐s♦♥ ❛♥❞ ❇r❡r❡t♦♥✱ ✷✵✶✹✱ ♣✳✷✹✵❪
.
✷✾✻

yáh. śū´rebhirhávyo yáśca bhı̄rúbhir

yó dhā´vadbhirhūyáte yáśca jigyúbhih. |
ı́ndram . yám
. vı́śvā bhúvanābhı́ sam
. dadhúr
marútvantam . sakhyā´ya havāmahe || 6 ||

rudrā´n.āmeti pradı́śā vicaks.an.ó

rudrébhiryós.ā tanute pr.thú jráyah. |
ı́ndram . manı̄s.ā´ abhyàrcati śrutám
.
marútvantam . sakhyā´ya havāmahe || 7 ||

yádvā marutvah. paramé sadhásthe

yádvāvamé vr.jáne mādáyāse |
áta ā´ yāhyadhvarám . no áchā
tvāyā´ havı́ścakr.mā satyarādhah. || 8 ||

tvāyéndra sómam . sus.umā sudaks.a

tvāyā´ havı́ścakr.mā brahmavāhah. |
ádhā niyutvah. ságan.o marúdbhir
asmı́nyajñé barhı́s.i mādayasva || 9 ||

mādáyasva háribhiryé ta indra

vı́ .syasva śı́pre vı́ sr.jasva dhéne |
ā´ tvā suśipra hárayo vahantūśánhavyā´ni
práti no jus.asva || 10 ||
 ✷✾✼

✻✳ ❲❤♦ ✐s t♦✲❜❡✲❝❛❧❧❡❞✲✉♣♦♥ ❜② ❛❣❡♥ts ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱

❛♥❞ ✇❤♦ ❜② ❢❡❛r❢✉❧ ♦♥❡s✱
✇❤♦ ✐s ❝❛❧❧❡❞ ✉♣♦♥ ❜② r✉♥♥✐♥❣ ❬❢r♦♠ ❛ ❜❛tt❧❡❪
❛♥❞ ✇❤♦ ❬✐s ❝❛❧❧❡❞ ✉♣♦♥❪ ❜② s❡❡❦✐♥❣✲t♦✲✇✐♥ ❬✐t❪ ✖
t❤❛t Indra ✇❤♦♠ ❛❧❧ ♣❧❛❝❡s ♦❢ ❡①✐st❡♥❝❡ s❤❛❧❧ ♣✉t t♦❣❡t❤❡r✱
❬❤✐♠✱❪ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② Marut✲s ❬❜✉❧❧❪✱
✇❡ ❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥ ❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ ❧✐❦❡✲♠✐♥❞❡❞♥❡ss✳
✼✳ ❍❡✱ s❡❡✐♥❣ ❝❧❡❛r❧②✱ ❣♦❡s ♦♥ ❛❧♦♥❣ t❤❡ ❞✐r❡❝t✐♦♥ ♦❢ Rudra✲s ✺
❚♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ Rudra✲s t❤❡ ♠❛✐❞❡♥ ✻
str❡t❝❤❡s ✇✐❞❡ t❤❡ ❡①♣❛♥s❡ ❬❢♦r ♣❧♦tt✐♥❣❪✱
t❤❡ ❬r❡s✉❧t✐♥❣❪ ✐❞❡❛ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t❡s Indra✱ t❤❡ ❢❛♠❡❞ ♦♥❡ ✖
❬❤✐♠✱❪ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② Marut✲s ❬❜✉❧❧❪✱
✇❡ ❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥ ❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ ❧✐❦❡✲♠✐♥❞❡❞♥❡ss✳
✖✖
✽✳ ❲❤❡t❤❡r t❤♦✉ ✐♥✢❛♠❡ t❤②s❡❧❢
✐♥ t❤❡ ♠♦st ♣r♦♠✐♥❡♥t ♠❡❡t✐♥❣ ♣❧❛❝❡
♦r ✐♥ ❛ ❧♦✇❡st ❡♥❝❧♦s✉r❡✱
❖ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② Marut✲s ♦♥❡✱
❢r♦♠ t❤❡r❡ ❞♦ ❥♦✉r♥❡②
t♦✇❛r❞s ♦✉r ♣r♦❝❡❡❞✐♥❣ ♦♥ ✐ts ✇❛② ❬s❛❝r✐✜❝❡❪✦
❋♦r t❤❡❡ ✇❡ ❤❛✈❡ ♠❛❞❡ ❛♥ ♦❜❧❛t✐♦♥✱
❖ ♦♥❡ ✇❤♦s❡ s❛t✐s❢❛❝t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ♦♥❡✬s ❞❡s✐r❡ ✐s r❡❛❧✦
✾✳ ❋♦r t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Indra✱ ✇❡ ❤❛✈❡ ♣r❡ss❡❞ Soma✱
❖ ✇❡❧❧✲❞✐s❝❡r♥✐♥❣ ♦♥❡✦
❋♦r t❤❡❡ ✇❡ ❤❛✈❡ ♠❛❞❡ ❛♥ ♦❜❧❛t✐♦♥✱
❖ ✇❤♦ ✐s ❝♦♥✈❡②❡❞ ❜② ❛ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥✦
❚❤❡r❡❢♦r❡✱ ❖ ❞r❛✇♥ ❜② ❛ t❡❛♠ ♦❢ ❤♦rs❡s ✱ ✼
❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② Marut✲s✱
✐♥✢❛♠❡ t❤②s❡❧❢ ❞✉r✐♥❣ t❤✐s ✜r❡ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣✱ ♦♥ ❬t❤✐s❪ s❛❝r✐✜❝✐❛❧ ❣r❛ss✦
✶✵✳ ■♥✢❛♠❡ t❤②s❡❧❢ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ t❤❡ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s
✇❤♦ ❬❛r❡❪ t❤②✱ ❖ Indra✦
✉♥t✐❡ t✇♦ ❧✐♣s ❬❢♦r Soma❪✱ ❧❡t ❣♦ t❤❡ t✇♦ ♥♦✉r✐s❤✐♥❣ str❡❛♠s✦
▲❡t t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s ❝♦♥✈❡② t❤❡❡ ❤❡r❡✱ ❖ s❡❧❡❝t✐✈❡ ♦♥❡✦
❉❡s✐r✐♥❣ ♦❜❧❛t✐♦♥s✱ ❜❡ ❣r❛t✐✜❡❞ ❜② ✉s✦
✖✖

✺ ♣r♦❜✳ ♠❡❛♥s t❤❛t Indra ✐s ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❡❞ ❝❧❡❛r❧② ❛❧♦♥❣ t❤❡ ❧✐♥❡ ♦❢ ❣r✐❡✈❛♥❝❡s
❛♥❞ ❧❛♠❡♥t❛t✐♦♥s t❤❛t ♦✈❡rt♦♦❦ Marut✲s
✻ ♣r♦❜✳ Prśni
.
✼ ♣r♦❜✳ ❞r♦♣s ♦❢ Soma
✷✾✽

marútstotrasya vr.jánasya gopā´

vayámı́ndren.a sanuyāma vā´jam |
tánno mitró várun.o māmahantām
áditih. sı́ndhuh. pr.thiv´ı̄ utá dyauh
´ . || 11 ||
 ✷✾✾

✶✶✳ ❬❆s❪ ❣✉❛r❞✐❛♥s ♦❢ s❛❝r✐✜❝✐❛❧ ❡♥❝❧♦s✉r❡

t❤❛t ♣r❛✐s❡s ❬t❤❡❡❪ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ Marut✲s✱
♠❛② ✇❡ ♦❜t❛✐♥ t❤❡ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r t❤r♦✉❣❤ Indra✦
▼❛② Mitra✱ Varun.a✱ Aditi✱ Sindhu✱
t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ❛♥❞ ❊❛rt❤ ❜❡st♦✇ t❤❛t ✉♣♦♥ ✉s✦
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✳✶✵✷

Kutsa Āṅgirasa | ✶✕✼ Jagatı̄✱ ✽✕✶✶ Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra

imā´m
. te dhı́yam . prá bhare mahó mah´ı̄m
asyá stotré dhis.án.ā yátta ānajé |
támutsavé ca prasavé ca sāsahı́m
ı́ndram. devā´sah. śávasāmadannánu || 1 ||

asyá śrávo nadyàh. saptá bibhrati

dyā´vāks.ā´mā pr.thiv´ı̄ darśatám
. vápuh. |
asmé sūryācandramásābhicáks.e
śraddhé kámindra carato vitarturám || 2 ||

tám . maghavanprā´va sātáye

. smā rátham
jáıtram . yám
. te anumádāma sam . gamé |
ājā´ na indra mánasā purus..tuta
tvāyádbhyo maghavañchárma yacha nah. || 3 ||

vayám . jayema tváyā yujā´ vŕ.tam

asmā´kamám . śamúdavā bhárebhare |
asmábhyamindra várivah. sugám . kr.dhi
prá śátrūn.ām. maghavanvŕ s
... n yā ruja || 4 ||

nā´nā hı́ tvā hávamānā jánā imé

dhánānām . dhartarávasā vipanyávah. |
asmā´kam . smā ráthamā´ tis..tha sātáye
jáıtram. h`ı̄ndra nı́bhr.tam. mánastáva || 5 ||

gojı́tā bāhū´ ámitakratuh. simáh.

kármankarmañchatámūtih. khajam . karáh. |
akalpá ı́ndrah. pratimā´namójasā´thā jánā
vı́ hvayante sis.āsávah. || 6 ||
 ✸✵✶

✶✳ ■ ❜r✐♥❣ ❢♦rt❤ t❤✐s ♣♦t❡♥t ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ t❤❡ ♠✐❣❤t② t❤❡❡❀

❛♥ ❡✛♦rt t♦ ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❡ ❬✐s❪ ❢♦r t❤❡ ♣r❛✐s❡r ♦❢ t❤✐s ❬tr❡❛s✉r❡❪✱
❬♥♦✇❪ t❤❛t ■ ❤❛✈❡ ❛♥♦✐♥t❡❞ ❬✐t❪ ❢♦r t❤❡❡✳
✖✖
✏❉✉r✐♥❣ ♦♥s❡t ❛♥❞ ❞✉r✐♥❣ t❤❡ ✐♠♣✉❧s✐♦♥ ❬♦❢ t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡❪✱
t❤❛t ❤❛✈✐♥❣✲✇❛②s✲t♦✲♣r❡✈❛✐❧ Indra
deva✲s✱ ❬❜❡✐♥❣ ✐♥❞✉❝❡❞❪ ❜② t❤❡✲✐♠♣✉❧s❡✲t♦✲❝❤❛♥❣❡✱ r❡❥♦✐❝❡❞ ♦✈❡r✳✑
✖✖
✷✳ ❍✐s
✶ ❛✉❞✐t♦r② ✐♠♣r❡ss✐♦♥ ❝❛rr✐❡s s❡✈❡♥ str❡❛♠s✳
❚❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤✱ ❛ ❜r♦❛❞ ♦♥❡✱
❬❝♦♥✈❡②❪ ❬t❤②❪ ♣❡r❝❡✐✈❡❞ ❢♦r♠
❢♦r ✉s t♦ ❧♦♦❦ ❛t t❤❡ ❙✉♥ ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ▼♦♦♥✱ ❖ Indra✦
❚♦ r❡❛❧❧② ❤❛✈❡ ❝♦♥✜❞❡♥❝❡ ❬✐♥ t❤❡❡❪✱ t❤❡ t✇♦ r♦❛♠ ❛❧t❡r♥❛t❡❧②✳
✷
✸✳ Pr♦♠♦t❡ ✐♥❞❡❡❞ t❤❛t ❝❤❛r✐♦t ✱ ❖ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡✱
❢♦r ♦❜t❛✐♥✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡❪
✇❤✐❝❤ ✇❡ ✇✐❧❧ ❝❤❡❡r t♦ t❤❡❡ ✐♥ ❛ ♠❡❡t✐♥❣
❛s ❧❡❛❞✐♥❣✲t♦✲✈✐❝t♦r② ♦♥❡✦
■♥ ❛ ✜❣❤t✐♥❣ ♠❛t❝❤✱ ❬❢❛✈♦✉r❪ ✉s ♠❡♥t❛❧❧②✱
❖ ♠✉❝❤✲❡✉❧♦❣✐③❡❞ Indra✦
❙tr❡t❝❤ ♦✉t ❛ s❤❡❧t❡r ❢♦r ✉s✱ ✇❤♦ ❛r❡ ❧♦♥❣✐♥❣ ❢♦r t❤❡❡✱
❖ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡✦
✖✖
✹✳ ❲✐t❤ t❤❡❡ ❛s ❛ ②♦❦❡✲♠❛t❡ ✇❡ ♠✐❣❤t ❞❡❢❡❛t Vr.tra✳
❉r✐✈❡ ♦✉r s❤❛r❡ ❤✐❣❤❡r ✐♥ ❡✈❡r② ❜❛tt❧❡✦
▼❛❦❡ t❤❡ ♠❡♥t❛❧ s♣❛❝❡ ❢♦r ✉s ❡❛s② t♦ tr❛✈❡rs❡✱ ❖ Indra✦
❙❤❛tt❡r ♠❛♥❧② ♣♦✇❡rs ♦❢ t❤❡ ❡♥❡♠✐❡s✱ ❖ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡✦
✺✳ ●✐✈❡♥ t❤❛t t❤❡s❡ ✈❛r✐♦✉s ❢♦❧❦s✱ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♥❣ ❛❞♠✐r❛t✐♦♥
❛❧♦♥❣ ✇✐t❤ ❛ ✇✐s❤ ❢♦r s♣♦✐❧s✱ ❬❛r❡❪ ❝❛❧❧✐♥❣ ✉♣♦♥ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ s✉♣♣♦rt❡r✱
❞♦ t❤♦✉ ❛s❝❡♥❞ ♦✉r ❝❤❛r✐♦t ❢♦r ♦❜t❛✐♥✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡❪ ✖
s✐♥❝❡ t❤②✱ ❖ Indra✱ ♠✐♥❞✱ ❬✐❢ ❪ s❡t ✉♣♦♥ ❬✐t❪✱ ✐s ❧❡❛❞✐♥❣ t♦ ✈✐❝t♦r②✳
✻✳ ❬❚❤②❪ t✇♦ ❛r♠s ❬❛r❡❪ ❝♦✇✲✇✐♥♥✐♥❣✱
❬t❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡❪ ✉♥♠❡❛s✉r❡❞ r❡s♦✉r❝❡❢✉❧♥❡ss✱
❛❝t✐♦♥✲❛❢t❡r✲❛❝t✐♦♥ ❬t❤♦✉ ❛r❡❪
❤❛✈✐♥❣✲❤✉♥❞r❡❞✲♠❡❛♥s✲♦❢✲❤❡❧♣✐♥❣
❝❛✉s❡r ♦❢ t❤❡ t✉♠✉❧t ♦❢ ❜❛tt❧❡✳
❆♥ Indra✱ ❬t❤♦✉❣❤❪ ❧❛❝❦✐♥❣ ♦r❞❡r ❬✐♥ ❤✐s ❛❝t✐♦♥s❪✱
❜❡❝❛✉s❡ ♦❢ ❬❤✐s❪ ❢r❡♥③② ✐s ❛ ♠♦❞❡❧ ❬❢♦r ♦t❤❡r ✜❣❤t❡rs❪✱
t❤❡r❡❢♦r❡ ❡❛❣❡r✲t♦✲♦❜t❛✐♥❬✲t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡❪ ❢♦❧❦s ✈✐❡ ✐♥ ❝❛❧❧✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡❡❪✳

✶ t❤❡ ♣r❛✐s❡r ♦❢ t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡

✷ t❤❡ ❜♦❞② ♦❢ ❛❞❡♣t t♦ ❜❡ ♣♦ss❡ss❡❞ ❜② Indra
✸✵✷

útte śatā´nmaghavannúcca bhū´yasa

útsahásrādririce kr..s.tı́s.u śrávah. |
amātrám . tvā dhis.án.ā titvis.e mahyádhā
vr.trā´n.i jighnase puram . dara || 7 ||

trivis..tidhā´tu pratimā´namójasas
tisró bhū´mı̄rnr.pate tr´ı̄n.i rocanā´ |
átı̄dám
. vı́śvam. bhúvanam . vavaks.ithāśatrúrindra
janús.ā sanā´dasi || 8 ||

tvā´m
. devés.u prathamám . havāmahe
tvám. babhūtha pŕ
. tanāsu sāsahı́h. |
sémám. nah . kārúmupamanyúmudbhı́dam
ı́ndrah. kr.n.otu prasavé rátham . puráh. || 9 ||

tvám. jigetha ná dhánā rurodhithā´rbhes.vājā´

maghavanmahátsu ca |
tvā´mugrámávase sám. śiśı̄masyáthā na indra
hávanes.u codaya || 10 ||

viśvā´héndro adhivaktā´ no astváparihvr.tāh.

sanuyāma vā´jam |
tánno mitró várun.o māmahantām
áditih. sı́ndhuh. pr.thiv´ı̄ utá dyauh
´ . || 11 ||
 ✸✵✸

✼✳ ❋r♦♠ ❛♠♦♥❣ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ❬♦t❤❡rs❪✱ ❖ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡✱

❛♥❞ ❬❡✈❡♥❪ ❢r♦♠ ❛♠♦♥❣ ❡✈❡♥ ♠♦r❡ ♥✉♠❡r♦✉s ✖
❢r♦♠ ❛♠♦♥❣ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞ ❬♦t❤❡rs❪✱
t❤② ❢❛♠❡ ❤❛s st♦♦❞ ♦✉t ❛♠♦♥❣ tr✐❜❡s✳
❆ ♣♦t❡♥t ❡✛♦rt t♦ ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❡ ❤❛s ✐♥st✐❣❛t❡❞ t❤❡❡
❬✇❤♦ ✐s❪ ✇✐t❤♦✉t ❛ ♠❡❛s✉r❡✱
t❤❡r❡❢♦r❡✱ t❤♦✉ ❬✇✐❧❧❪ s♠❛s❤ t❤❡ ♦❜st❛❝❧❡s ✱ ❖ str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞✲❜r❡❛❦❡r✦
✸
✖✖
✽✳ ❆ ♠♦✉❧❞ ♦❢ ❬t❤②❪ ❢r❡♥③② ❬❤❛s❪ ❛s ❝♦♥st✐t✉❡♥t ♣❛rts t❤r❡❡ t♦✐❧s ✱ ✹
t❤r❡❡ ❬♠❛t❡r✐❛❧❪ ❣r♦✉♥❞s ✱ t❤r❡❡ ❧✉♠✐♥♦✉s s♣❤❡r❡s ✱
✺ ✻
❖ ♦✈❡rs❡❡r ♦❢ ♠❡♥✦
❚❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ❣r♦✇♥ ❜❡②♦♥❞ t❤✐s ❡♥t✐r❡ ♣❧❛❝❡ ♦❢ ❡①✐st❡♥❝❡❀
❜❡❝❛✉s❡ ♦❢ ❝✐r❝✉♠st❛♥❝❡s ♦❢ ❬t❤②❪ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❛t✐♦♥
❢r♦♠ ♦❢ ♦❧❞ t❤♦✉ ❛r❡ ✇✐t❤♦✉t ❛ r✐✈❛❧✳
✾✳ ❆♠♦♥❣ deva✲s ❬✐t ✐s❪ t❤❡❡ ✇❡ ❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥ ✜rst ✖
✐♥ ❜❛tt❧❡s t❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❤❛✈✐♥❣✲✇❛②s✲t♦✲♣r❡✈❛✐❧ ♦♥❡✳
▼❛② Indra ❛t t❤❡ ✐♠♣✉❧s✐♦♥ ❬♦❢ t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡❪ ♠❛❦❡✱ ✜rst ♦❢ ❛❧❧✱
t❤✐s ♦✉r ③❡❛❧♦✉s s✐♥❣❡r ♦❢ ❡✉❧♦❣✐❡s ❝♦♠✐♥❣✲❢♦rt❤ ❛s ❬❤✐s❪ ❝❤❛r✐♦t✦
✶✵✳ ❚❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ✇♦♥✳ ❚❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ♥♦t ✇✐t❤❤❡❧❞ t❤❡ ♣r✐③❡s
✐♥ s♠❛❧❧ ✜❣❤t✐♥❣ ♠❛t❝❤❡s✱ ❖ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡✱ ❛♥❞ ✐♥ ❣r❡❛t ♦♥❡s✳
❋❡r♦❝✐♦✉s t❤❡❡ ✇❡ s❤❛r♣❡♥ t❤♦r♦✉❣❤❧② t♦ ❤❡❧♣ ❬✉s❪✱
t❤❡r❡❢♦r❡✱ ✐♥s♣✐r❡ ✉s✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❛t ❬❛❧❧❪ ❝❤❛❧❧❡♥❣❡s t♦ ❜❛tt❧❡✦
✖✖
✶✶✳ ▼❛② Indra ❛❧✇❛②s ❜❡ ❛♥ ❛❞✈♦❝❛t❡ ❢♦r ✉s
s♦ t❤❛t ✇❡✱ ✉♥❞❡❝❡✐✈❡❞✱ ♠❛② ♦❜t❛✐♥ t❤❡ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✦
▼❛② Mitra✱ Varun.a✱ Aditi✱ Sindhu✱
t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ❛♥❞ ❊❛rt❤ ❜❡st♦✇ t❤❛t ✉♣♦♥ ✉s✦

✸ vrtrāni
.
✹ ♣r♦❜✳ ❡st❛❜❧✐s❤✐♥❣ t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡✱ ♦❜t❛✐♥✐♥❣ t❤❡ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱ s❧❛②✐♥❣ Vrtra
.
✺ ❧✐t✳ ✏❡❛rt❤s✑❀ ✈✐③✳ ♠✉s❝❧❡s✱ ❜❧♦♦❞✱ ✐♥♥❡r ✇❛t❡rs
✻ t❤❛t ✐s✱ ♠❡♥t❛❧ s♣❛❝❡s✱ ♣r♦❜✳ r❡s♦✉r❝❡❢✉❧♥❡ss✱ ❛s♣✐r❛t✐♦♥s✱ ❛tt✐t✉❞❡ ♦❢ ❡q✉❛✲
♥✐♠✐t②
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✳✶✵✸

Kutsa Āṅgirasa | Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra

tátta indriyám
. paramám. parācáır
ádhārayanta kaváyah. purédám |
ks.amédámanyáddivyànyádasya
sámı̄ pr.cyate samanéva ketúh. || 1 ||

sá dhārayatpr.thiv´ı̄m
. papráthacca
vájren.a hatvā´ nı́rapáh. sasarja |
áhannáhimábhinadrauhin.ám . vyáhanvyàm
. sam
.
maghávā śácı̄bhih. || 2 ||

sá jātū´bharmā śraddádhāna ójah.

púro vibhindánnacaradvı́ dā´sı̄h. |
vidvā´nvajrindásyave hetı́masyā´ryam .
sáho vardhayā dyumnámindra || 3 ||

tádūcús.e mā´nus.emā´ yugā´ni

kı̄rtényam . maghávā nā´ma bı́bhrat |
upaprayándasyuhátyāya vajr´ı̄
yáddha sūnúh. śrávase nā´ma dadhé || 4 ||

tádasyedám . paśyatā bhū´ri pus..tám

.
śrádı́ndrasya dhattana vı̄ryā`ya |
sá gā´ avindatsó avindadáśvān
sá ós.adhı̄h. só apáh. sá vánāni || 5 ||
 ✸✵✺

✶✳ ❚❤❛t t❤② ♣r✐♠❛r② ♣♦✇❡r ♦✈❡r ❛✛❡❝t✐♦♥s

❬✐s❪ ❢❛r ❬❢r♦♠ ❜❡✐♥❣ r❡❛❞✐❧② ❛✈❛✐❧❛❜❧❡❪❀
♣♦❡ts ♦❢ ♦❧❞ ❡♠♣❧♦②❡❞ t❤✐s ♦♥❡✳
❇② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤
✶ t❤✐s ♦♥❡ ❬♦♣❡r❛t❡s❪✱
❛♥♦t❤❡r ♦♥❡ ❬✐s❪ ✐♥ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥❀ ❝❛st t❤❡ ♦t❤❡r ♦♥❡✦
❚❤❡ ❜❛♥♥❡r
✷ ❬♦❢ Indra✬s ♠✐❣❤t❪
✐s ❝♦♥♥❡❝t❡❞ ❛s ✐❢ ❡q✉❛❧❧② ❬t♦ t❤❡♠ ❜♦t❤❪✳
✷✳ ❍❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❝❛✉s❡ t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤ t♦ ❜❡❛r ❬❤✐♠❪✱
❛♥❞ s❤❡ s❤❛❧❧ s♣r❡❛❞ ❬❤✐♠❪❀
str✐❦✐♥❣ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✱ ❤❡ ❤❛s ♣♦✉r❡❞ t❤❡ ✇❛t❡rs ♦✉t✳
❍❡ s❧❛②❡❞ t❤❡ s♥❛❦❡✱ ❤❡ s❤❛tt❡r❡❞
❛s❝❡♥❞✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ s♦♥ ♦❢ Rohin.ı̄✸ ✱
t❤❡ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡ s❧❛②❡❞ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ❤❛s ♥♦ s❤♦✉❧❞❡r❜❧❛❞❡s
❜② ✉s✐♥❣ ❡♥❛❜❧✐♥❣ ♣♦✇❡rs✳
✸✳ ❍❡ ❬✇❤♦❪ ♣✉ts tr✉st ✐♥t♦ t❤❡ ❢r❡♥③②✱ ❡✈❡r✲❢♦st❡r✐♥❣ ❬✐t❪✱
❜r❡❛❦✐♥❣ ✐♥t♦ ♣✐❡❝❡s str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞s✱
❤❡ ♣❛rt❡❞ ✇❛②s ✇✐t❤ s❛✈❛❣❡ ❬tr✐❜❡s❪✳
❑♥♦✇✐♥❣ ❬t❤❛t❪✱ ❖ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲✇✐❡❧❞❡r✱
❝❛st ❛ ♠✐ss✐❧❡ ❛t t❤❡ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡ t♦ s✉✛❡r ✇❛♥t✦
▼❛❦❡ t❤❡ ❝♦♥❞✉❝t✐♥❣ ✉♣✇❛r❞s ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ str❡♥❣t❤
❛✉❣♠❡♥t t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t❡✱ ❖ Indra✦
✹✳ ❚❤❛t
✹ ❬✐s❪ ❢♦r ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ✐s ❛❝❝✉st♦♠❡❞
❬t♦ ❢♦st❡r ✐t ❛♥❞ ❡✈❡r✲❝❛r❡ ❢♦r ✐t❪✳
❚❤r♦✉❣❤ t❤❡s❡ ❤✉♠❛♥ ❣❡♥❡r❛t✐♦♥s
❬❤❡ ✐s❪ ❝❛rr②✐♥❣ t♦✲❜❡✲♠❡♥t✐♦♥❡❞ ♥❛♠❡ ✏❣❡♥❡r♦✉s✑
❬❜❡❝❛✉s❡ ♦❢ ♣r♦✈✐❞✐♥❣ t❤❛t ✈✐❣♦r❪✳
❙❡tt✐♥❣ ❛❜♦✉t t♦ s❧❛② t❤❡ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡ t♦ s✉✛❡r ✇❛♥t✱
✐♥ ♣♦ss❡ss✐♦♥ ♦❢ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t ✖
❬t❤❛t ✐s❪ ✇❤❡♥ ✐♥❞❡❡❞ ❤❡ ❤❛s ♦❜t❛✐♥❡❞ t❤❡ ♥❛♠❡ ✏✐♥❝✐t❡r t♦ ❢❛♠❡✑✳
✺✳ ❇❡❤♦❧❞ ②❡ ❤✐s t❤❛t ❬❛♥❞❪ t❤✐s ❬t♦ ❜❡❪ ♥♦✉r✐s❤❡❞ ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥t❧②✦
P✉t ②❡ tr✉st ✐♥t♦ Indra✬s ✈❛❧♦r✦
❍❡ ❢♦✉♥❞ ❝♦✇s✱ ❤❡ ❢♦✉♥❞ ❤♦rs❡s✱ ❤❡ ❬❢♦✉♥❞❪ ❤❡r❜❛❧ ♣♦t✐♦♥s✱
❤❡ ❬r❡❧❡❛s❡❞❪ ✇❛t❡rs✱ ❤❡ ❬✐❣♥✐t❡❞ ②♦✉r❪ ❞❡s✐r❡s✳

✶ t❤❛t ✐s✱ r❡❛❝t✐♦♥s ♦❢ t❤❡ ❜♦❞②

✷ ✐♥♥❡r Soma
✸ ❛r✐s✐♥❣ ❞❛r❦♥❡ss ✐♥ ♦♥❡✬s ❡②❡s t❤❛t ❛s ✐❢ s❤✐❡❧❞s ❢r♦♠ ❡①t❡r♥❛❧ st✐♠✉❧✐
✹ t❤❛t ✐s✱ r❡❧②✐♥❣ ♦♥ t❤❡ ✈✐❣♦r
✸✵✻

bhū´rikarman.e vr..sabhā´ya vŕ..sn.e

satyáśus.māya sunavāma sómam |
yá ādŕ.tyā paripanth´ı̄va śū´ró ′yajvano
vibhájannéti védah. || 6 ||

tádindra préva vı̄ryàm . cakartha

. vájren.ā´bodhayó him |
′
yátsasántam
ánu tvā pátnı̄rhr..sitám. váyaśca
vı́śve devā´so amadannánu tvā || 7 ||

śús.n.am
. pı́prum. kúyavam . vr.trámindra
yadā´vadhı̄rvı́ púrah. śámbarasya |
tánno mitró várun.o māmahantām
áditih. sı́ndhuh. pr.thiv´ı̄ utá dyauh
´ . || 8 ||
 ✸✵✼

✻✳ ❲❡ ✇♦✉❧❞ ♣r❡ss Soma ❢♦r r❡s❡♠❜❧✐♥❣✲❛✲❜✉❧❧ ❜✉❧❧

♦❢ ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥t ❛❝t✐♦♥ ❬❛♥❞❪ ♦❢ ❣❡♥✉✐♥❡ ❢❡r✈♦r✱
❬❢♦r ❤✐♠✱❪ ✇❤♦✱ ❜❡✐♥❣ ❝❛r❡❢✉❧ ❛❜♦✉t ❬✐t❪✱
❦❡❡♣s ❞✐str✐❜✉t✐♥❣✱ ❧✐❦❡ ❤✐♥❞❡r✐♥❣ ♣❛t❤✇❛②s ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡ ✱
✺
♣r♦♣❡rt② ♦❢ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ❧❛❝❦s ❜❡♥❡✜ts ♦❢ ✜r❡ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣s✳
✼✳ ❚❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❛s ✐❢ ♣✉t ❢♦r✇❛r❞ t❤❛t ✈❛❧♦r✱ ✇❤❡♥✱
✉s✐♥❣ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✱ t❤♦✉ ♠❛❞❡ t❤❡ s❧❡❡♣✐♥❣ s♥❛❦❡ t♦ ✇❛❦❡ ✉♣✳
❋♦❧❧♦✇✐♥❣ ❜r✐st❧✐♥❣ t❤❡❡ ❬✇❡r❡❪ ♠✐str❡ss❡s
✻
❛♥❞ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❛♥❞ ❜♦❞✐❧② ✈✐❣♦✉r✳
❆❧❧ deva✲s ❝❤❡❡r❡❞ t❤❡❡
✽✳ ✇❤❡♥ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❞❡❢❡❛t❡❞ Pipru✱
❝❛✉s✐♥❣ ❧❛❝❦ ♦❢ ❜❛r❧❡② Śus.n.a✱
Vr.tra✱ ❬❛♥❞❪ ❬❞❡s♦❧❛t❡❞❪✼ str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞ ♦❢ Śambara ✖
♠❛② Mitra✱ Varun . a✱ Aditi✱ Sindhu✱
t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ❛♥❞ ❊❛rt❤ ❜❡st♦✇ t❤❛t ✉♣♦♥ ✉s✦

❚❤✐s ❤②♠♥ ❡①♣❧❛✐♥s t❤❛t t❤❡r❡ ❛r❡ t✇♦ ♠❛✐♥ ✈❛r✐❡t✐❡s ♦❢ Indra✬s
♣♦✇❡rs ♦✈❡r ♦♥❡✬s ❛✛❡❝t✐♦♥s ❛♥❞ ❛✛❡❝t✐✈❡ st❛t❡s✳ ❖♥❡ ✐s r❡❛❞✲
✐❧② ❛✈❛✐❧❛❜❧❡ ❛s ❛ s✉r❣❡ ♦❢ ❡♥❡r❣② ❝❛✉s❡❞ ❜② ❛♥❣❡r✱ ♣r✐❞❡✱ ❞❛r✐♥❣
❛♥❞ s✐♠✐❧❛r ❝♦✉♥t❡r✲❡♠♦t✐♦♥s t❤❛t ❤❛✈❡ t♦ ❜❡ ♠♦r❡ ♣♦✇❡r❢✉❧ t❤❛♥
♣r❡s❡♥t ❡♠♦t✐♦♥s ❛♥❞ t❤❡✐r ❝❛✉s❡s✳ ❆ ❜✉rst ♦❢ ❡♥❡r❣② t❤❡② ♣r♦✲
✈✐❞❡ ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠s t❤♦s❡ ♦t❤❡r ❛✛❡❝t✐♦♥s ❛♥❞ t❤✉s t❛❦❡s ❝♦♥tr♦❧s ♦✈❡r
♦♥❡✬s ♣s②❝❤❡ ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ❜♦❞② ❜✉t s✉❝❤ s♦✉r❝❡ ♦❢ ❡♥❡r❣② ♥❡❡❞s t♦ ❜❡
r❡♣❧❡♥✐s❤❡❞ ❛❧❧ t❤❡ t✐♠❡✱ t♦ ❜❡ ✏♥♦✉r✐s❤❡❞✑✳ ❆♥♦t❤❡r ♦♥❡ ✐s ♠♦r❡
❡❧❛❜♦r❛t❡ ❛♥❞ r❡q✉✐r❡s ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❞✐s❝✐♣❧✐♥❡ ❛♥❞ tr❛✐♥✐♥❣✱ ❛ r❡❝♦♥✜❣✉✲
r❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ♦♥❡✬s ♠❡♥t❛❧ ♣r♦❝❡ss ✖ ❞❡str♦②✐♥❣ str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞s ♦❢ ✈❛r✐♦✉s
r❡❧❛t❡❞ t♦ ❡❣♦ ❛♥❞ ♦♥❡✬s ♣❡rs♦♥ ❝♦♥str✉❝ts✱ ✇❤✐❝❤ r❡q✉✐r❡s ❝❧❡❛r
✉♥❞❡rst❛♥❞✐♥❣ ♦❢ t❤❡✐r ♣r❡s❡♥❝❡ ❛♥❞ str✉❝t✉r❡✱ ❜✉t ❤❛s ❧♦♥❣✲t❡r♠
❡✛❡❝ts✳ Soma ❝♦♠❜✐♥❡s ❜♦t❤ ✈❛r✐❡t✐❡s ❜② ❣✐✈✐♥❣ ❛ ❜✉rst ♦❢ ♠❡♥✲
t❛❧ ❛♥❞ ❜♦❞✐❧② ❡♥❡r❣② ❛♥❞ ❛❧s♦ ♣r♦✈✐❞✐♥❣ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ t❤❡ ✐♥♥❡r
✇♦r❧❞✳

✺ ✏❤✐♥❞❡r✐♥❣ ♣❛t❤✇❛②s ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✑ ❂ ♣r♦❜✳ ❛ r♦❜❜❡r

✻ ✐♥♥❡r ✇❛t❡rs
✼ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✹✳✷✻✳✸❛❜
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✳✶✵✹

Kutsa Āṅgirasa | Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra

yónis..ta indra nis.áde akāri

támā´ nı́ .sı̄da svānó nā´rvā |
vimúcyā váyo ′vasā´yā´śvān
dos.ā´ vástorváhı̄yasah. prapitvé || 1 ||

ó tyé nára ı́ndramūtáye gur

nū´ cittā´nsadyó ádhvano jagamyāt |
devā´so manyúm . dā´sasya ścamnan
té na ā´ vaks.ansuvitā´ya várn.am || 2 ||

áva tmánā bharate kétavedā

áva tmánā bharate phénamudán |
ks.ı̄rén.a snātah. kúyavasya yós.e
haté té syātām. pravan.é śı́phāyāh. || 3 ||

yuyópa nā´bhirúparasyāyóh.
prá pū´rvābhistirate rā´.s.ti śū´rah. |
añjas´ı̄ kuliś´ı̄ vı̄rápatnı̄
páyo hinvānā´ udábhirbharante || 4 ||

práti yátsyā´ n´ı̄thā´darśi dásyor

óko nā´chā sádanam . jānat´ı̄ gāt |
ádha smā no maghavañcarkr.tā´dı́n
mā´ no maghéva nis..sap´ı̄ párā dāh. || 5 ||

. na indra sū´rye só apsvànāgāstvá

sá tvám
ā´ bhaja jı̄vaśam
. sé |
mā´ntarām. bhújamā´ rı̄ris.o nah.
śráddhitam . te mahatá indriyā´ya || 6 ||
 ✸✵✾

✶✳ ❆ ✇♦♠❜ ❢♦r t❤❡❡ t♦ s❡tt❧❡ ✐♥✱ ❖ Indra✱ ✇❛s ♠❛❞❡✳

▲✐❦❡ ❛ ♣❛♥t✐♥❣ ❝♦✉rs❡r✱ s❡tt❧❡ ✐♥ ♥❡❛r ✐t✱
❬t❤♦✉✱❪ s❡tt✐♥❣✲❢r❡❡ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❛♥❞ ❜♦❞✐❧② ✈✐❣♦✉r
t❤r♦✉❣❤♦✉t t❤❡ ❞❛r❦♥❡ss ♦❢ ❡❛r❧② ♠♦r♥✐♥❣✱
❬❛♥❞ ✉♥❤❛r♥❡ss✐♥❣❪ ❢♦r ❢♦♦❞ t❤❡ ❤♦rs❡s
❬t❤❛t ❛r❡❪ ❜❡tt❡r ❛t ❝♦♥✈❡②✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡❡❪ ❛t t❤❡ st❛rt ♦❢ t❤❡ ❞❛②✳
✷✳ ❍❡②✦ ❚❤❡ ♠❡♥ s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ ♣✉rs✉❡❞ Indra ❢♦r ❤❡❧♣✳
❊✈❡♥ ♥♦✇✱ ❢r♦♠ ❛ ❞✐st❛♥❝❡✱ ❤❡ ♠✐❣❤t ❝♦♠❡ ❛t ♦♥❝❡✳
Deva✲s ✇✐❧❧ ❛❧❧❛② s❛✈❛❣❡✬s ❛♥❣❡r✱
t❤❡② ✇✐❧❧ ♥♦✉r✐s❤ ♦✉r ❦✐♥❞ ❢♦r ❛♥ ❡❛s② ♣❛ss❛❣❡✳
✸✳ ❍❡ ✇❤♦s❡ ❦♥♦✇❧❡❞❣❡ ✐s ❛♥ ❛♣♣❛r✐t✐♦♥ ✐♥❞❡❡❞ ❞✐s❛♣♣❡❛rs✱
❬❛s❪ ❢♦❛♠ ✐♥❞❡❡❞ ❞✐s❛♣♣❡❛rs ✐♥ ✇❛t❡r✳
❚✇♦ ♠❛✐❞❡♥s ♦❢ ❝❛✉s✐♥❣✲❧❛❝❦✲♦❢✲❜❛r❧❡② ♦♥❡
s♠❡❛r t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s ✇✐t❤ t❤✐❝❦❡♥❡❞ ♠✐❧❦❀
❞♦✇♥ t❤❡ s❧♦♣❡ ♦❢ Śiphā✱ t❤♦s❡ t✇♦ ❝♦✉❧❞ ❜❡ ❤✐t✳
✹✳ ❚❤❡ ❥✉♥❝t✐♦♥
✶ ❤❛s ❡✛❛❝❡❞ ❬✐♥✢✉❡♥❝❡s❪ ♦❢ ❛❣✐t❛t❡❞ ❧♦✇❡r ❬❝❛❦r❛❪❀
✷
❬❤❡❪ s❡ts ♦✉t ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ t❤♦s❡ ❬✇❛t❡rs❪ t❤❛t ❛r❡ ✏❡❛st❡r♥✑ ❀
✸
t❤❡ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡ r❡✐❣♥s✳
Añjası̄✱ Kuliśı̄✱ Vı̄rapatnı̄ ✖
❜❡✐♥❣ ✐♠♣❡❧❧❡❞✱ t❤❡② ❜r✐♥❣ ❬♦✉t❪ t❤❡ ❥✉✐❝❡ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ✇❛t❡rs✳
✺✳ ❲❤❡♥ t❤✐s str❛t❛❣❡♠ ♦❢ t❤❡ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡ t♦ s✉✛❡r ✇❛♥t ✇❛s ♥♦t✐❝❡❞✱
✉♥❞❡rst❛♥❞✐♥❣ ✐t✱ s❤❡ s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ r❡❧❛①❡❞ ❛s ✐❢ ❛t ❤♦♠❡✳
❚❤❡r❡❢♦r❡✱ ❞♦ s♣❡❛❦ ❤✐❣❤❧② ♦❢ ✉s✱ ❖ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡✱
❞♦ ♥♦t t❤♦✉✱ ❧✉st❢✉❧✱ ❣✐✈❡ ✉s ❛✇❛② ❛s ❣✐❢ts✦
✻✳ ❙✉❝❤ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ ♠❛❦❡ ✉s ♣❛rt❛❦❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ s✉♥✱
♦❢ t❤❡ ✇❛t❡rs✱ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❢❛✉❧t❧❡ss♥❡ss✱ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❜❧❡ss✐♥❣✲t♦✲❧✐✈❡✦
❉♦ ♥♦t ♠❛❦❡ ♦✉r ✐♥♥❡r ❛❞✈❛♥t❛❣❡ t♦ ❢❛✐❧ ✦
✹
❚r✉st ✇❛s ♣❧❛❝❡❞ ✐♥t♦ t❤② ❣r❡❛t ♣♦✇❡r ♦✈❡r ❛✛❡❝t✐♦♥s✳
✖✖

✶ manipūra ❝❛❦r❛
.
✷ s❡❡ ✺✳✹✽✳✷
✸ ❛♣♣❡❛r✐♥❣ ❛t ❞❛✇♥
✹ ♦r✱ ❡✈❡♥✱ ✏t♦ ❜❡ ♠✐s❝❛rr✐❡❞✑
✸✶✵

ádhā manye śrátte asmā adhāyi

vŕ..sā codasva mahaté dhánāya |
mā´ no ákr.te puruhūta yónāvı́ndra
ks.údhyadbhyo váya āsutı́m. dāh. || 7 ||

mā´ no vadhı̄rindra mā´ párā dā

mā´ nah. priyā´ bhójanāni prá mos.ı̄h. |
ān.d.ā´ mā´ no maghavañchakra nı́rbhen
mā´ nah. pā´trā bhetsahájānus.ān.i || 8 ||

arvā´ṅéhi sómakāmam . tvāhur

ayám . sutástásya pibā mádāya |
uruvyácā jat.hára ā´ vr..sasva
pitéva nah. śr.n.uhi hūyámānah. || 9 ||
 ✸✶✶

✼✳ ❚❤❡r❡❢♦r❡✱ ■ s✉♣♣♦s❡✱ tr✉st ✇❛s ♣❧❛❝❡❞ ✐♥t♦ t❤✐s t❤② ❬♣♦✇❡r❪✳

❬❇❡✐♥❣❪ ❛ ❜✉❧❧✱ ❛♥✐♠❛t❡ t❤②s❡❧❢ ❢♦r t❤❡ ❣r❡❛t ♣r✐③❡✦
❉♦ ♥♦t ❬✐♠♣❡❧❪ ✉s✱ ❖ ♠✉❝❤ ✐♥✈♦❦❡❞ ♦♥❡✱
✐♥t♦ ❛♥ ✉♥♣r❡♣❛r❡❞ ✇♦♠❜✦
❖ Indra✱ t❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ ❣✐✈❡ t❤❡ ❡♥❧✐✈❡♥✐♥❣ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❛♥❞ ❜♦❞✐❧② ✈✐❣♦✉r
t♦ ❢❡❡❧✐♥❣✲❤✉♥❣r② ♦♥❡s✦
✽✳ ❉♦ ♥♦t ❞❡str♦② ✉s✱ ❖ Indra✦ ❉♦ ♥♦t ❜❡tr❛② ❬✉s❪✦
❉♦ ♥♦t r♦❜ ✉s ♦❢ ❢❛✈♦r✐t❡ s♦✉r❝❡s ♦❢ ♣❧❡❛s✉r❡✦
❉♦ ♥♦t ♣✐❡r❝❡ ❬✇✐t❤ ♣❛✐♥❪ ♦✉r t❡st✐❝❧❡s✱
❖ ❡♠♣♦✇❡r✐♥❣ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡✦
❉♦ ♥♦t ❜r❡❛❦ ♦✉r ❝♦♥t❛✐♥✐♥❣✲❞❡s❝❡♥❞❛♥ts ❣♦❜❧❡ts✦
✾✳ ❈♦♠✐♥❣ ❤✐t❤❡r✇❛r❞✱ ❞♦ ❝♦♠❡✦
❚❤❡② s❛② t❤♦✉ t♦ ❤❛✈❡ ❧♦♥❣✐♥❣ ❢♦r Soma✳
❚❤✐s ❤❡r❡ ❬✐s❪ t❤❡ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❬Soma❪✳
❉r✐♥❦ ♦❢ ✐t ❢♦r ❛♥ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t✐♦♥✦
❉♦ t❤♦✉✱ ❡①t❡♥❞✐♥❣ ✇✐❞❡❧②✱ ♣♦✉r ❬✐t❪ ✐♥t♦ ❬t❤②❪ ❜❡❧❧②✦
❇❡✐♥❣ s✉♠♠♦♥❡❞✱ ❧✐st❡♥ t♦ ✉s ❛s ❛ ❢❛t❤❡r ❬✇♦✉❧❞❪✦

❚❤✐s ❤②♠♥s ❝♦✉❧❞ ❜❡ ♠❛❞❡ s❡♥s❡ ♦❢✱ ✐❢ ✐t ✐s ❛ss✉♠❡❞ t❤❛t ✈❡rs❡s ✶✕✻
❛r❡ s♣♦❦❡♥ ❜② ✇♦♠❡♥✱ ✇❤✐❧❡ ✼✕✾ ❜② ♠❡♥✱ ✇❤❡♥ ✐♥ ❡❛r❧② ♠♦r♥✐♥❣
❜♦t❤ ♣❛rt✐❡s ❛r❡ ♣r❡♣❛r✐♥❣ ❢♦r s❡①✉❛❧ ❛❝t✐✈✐t✐❡s ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ✐♥t❡♥t✐♦♥
t♦ ❝♦♥❝❡✐✈❡ ❝❤✐❧❞r❡♥✳ ▼✉t✉❛❧ ❛r♦✉s❛❧ ✐s ❛ ❝♦♥❝❡r♥ ❤❡r❡✱ ❛♥❞ Soma
t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ Indra ❛r❡ s♣♦❦❡♥ ♦❢ ❛s ❛✐❞s ❢♦r ♣❛ss✐♦♥❛t❡ ❡♥❝♦✉♥t❡rs✳
Añjası̄✱ Kuliśı̄✱ Vı̄rapatnı̄ ❛r❡✱ ♣r♦❜❛❜❧②✱ ❞❡t❛✐❧s ♦❢ ❢❡♠❛❧❡ s❡①✉❛❧
❛♥❛t♦♠②✳ ✏❍❡✑ ✐♥ ✈❡rs❡s ✸ ❛♥❞ ✹ ❛♥❞ ✏t❤❡ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✑ ♦❢ ✈❡rs❡
✹ ♣r♦❜❛❜❧② r❡❢❡r t♦ ♣❤❛❧❧✉s✳
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✳✶✵✽

Kutsa Āṅgirasa | Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra ❛♥❞ Agni

yá indrāgnı̄ citrátamo rátho vām

abhı́ vı́śvāni bhúvanāni cás..te |
ténā´ yātam. sarátham. tasthivā´m . sā´thā
sómasya pibatam . sutásya || 1 ||

yā´vadidám
. bhúvanam . vı́śvamástyuruvyácā
varimátā gabhı̄rám |
tā´vām̃ . pā´tave sómo astváramindrāgnı̄
. ayám
mánase yuvábhyām || 2 ||

cakrā´the hı́ sadhryàṅnā´ma bhadrám .

sadhrı̄cı̄nā´ vr.trahan.ā utá sthah. |
tā´vindrāgnı̄ sadhryàñcā nis.ádyā
vŕ..sn.ah. sómasya vr..san.ā´ vr..sethām || 3 ||

sámiddhes.vagnı́s.vānajānā´
yatásrucā barhı́ru tistirān.ā´ |
tı̄vráıh. sómaih. páris.iktebhirarvā´g
éndrāgnı̄ saumanasā´ya yātam || 4 ||

yā´nı̄ndrāgnı̄ cakráthurvı̄ryā`n.i
yā´ni rūpā´n.yutá vŕ..sn.yāni |
yā´ vām
. pratnā´ni sakhyā´ śivā´ni
tébhih. sómasya pibatam . sutásya || 5 ||

′
yádábravam . prathamám . vām. vr.n.ānò yám
.
sómo ásurairno vihávyah. |
tā´m
. satyā´m
. śraddhā´mabhyā´ hı́ yātám
áthā sómasya pibatam . sutásya || 6 ||
 ✸✶✸

✶✳ ❲❤♦ ❢♦r ②♦✉ t✇♦✱ ❖ Indra ❬❛♥❞❪ Agni✱

✐s t❤❡ ♠♦st ❝♦♥s♣✐❝✉♦✉s ❝❤❛r✐♦t✱
❤❡
✶ ❝❛sts ❛ ❦✐♥❞ ❧♦♦❦ ✉♣♦♥ ❛❧❧ ♣❧❛❝❡s ♦❢ ❡①✐st❡♥❝❡✳
❙t❛♥❞✐♥❣ ♦♥ t❤❡ s❛♠❡ ❝❤❛r✐♦t✱ ❥♦✉r♥❡② ❤❡r❡ ✇✐t❤ ❤✐♠✦
❚❤❡♥ ❞r✐♥❦ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ Soma✦
✷✳ ❆s ❡♥♦r♠♦✉s ❛s t❤✐s ❡♥t✐r❡ ♣❧❛❝❡ ♦❢ ❡①✐st❡♥❝❡ ✐s✱
♠②st❡r✐♦✉s ❜❡❝❛✉s❡ ♦❢ ✇✐❞❡❧② ❡①t❡♥❞✐♥❣ s♣❛❝❡✱
♠❛② t❤✐s Soma ❢♦r ❞r✐♥❦✐♥❣ ❜❡ ❛s ❡♥♦r♠♦✉s
❢♦r t❤❡ ♠✐♥❞✱ ❢♦r ②♦✉ t✇♦✱ ❖ Indra ❬❛♥❞❪ Agni✦
✸✳ ❙✐♥❝❡ ②♦✉ t✇♦ ❤❛✈❡ ♠❛❞❡
t✉r♥❡❞✲✐♥✲t❤❡✲s❛♠❡✲❞✐r❡❝t✐♦♥ ❝❤❛r❛❝t❡r✐st✐❝ ❛✉s♣✐❝✐♦✉s✱
②♦✉ t✇♦ ❛r❡ ♣✉rs✉✐♥❣ t❤❡ s❛♠❡ ❣♦❛❧ ❛♥❞ ❬❛r❡ ❜♦t❤❪ Vr.tra✲s❧❛②❡rs✳
❙✉❝❤ ②♦✉ t✇♦✱ ❖ Indra ❬❛♥❞❪ Agni✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ s❡tt❧❡❞✱
t✉r♥❡❞ t♦ ♦♥❡ ❝❡♥t❡r ✱
✷
s❤❛❧❧ ♣♦✉r ❢♦r ②♦✉rs❡❧✈❡s ❬s♦♠❡❪ ♦❢ t❤❡ ✐♠♣r❡❣♥❛t✐♥❣ Soma✳
✹✳ ❲❤❡♥ ✜r❡s ❬❛r❡❪ ❦✐♥❞❧❡❞✱ ❬②♦✉ t✇♦ ❛r❡❪ ❛♥♦✐♥t✐♥❣✱
r❛✐s✐♥❣ s❛❝r✐✜❝✐❛❧ ❧❛❞❧❡✱ str❡✇✐♥❣ t❤❡ s❛❝r✐✜❝✐❛❧ ❣r❛ss✳
❇② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ s♣r✐♥❦❧❡❞ ❛r♦✉♥❞ ♣✉♥❣❡♥t Soma ❞r♦♣s
❞♦ ②♦✉ t✇♦ ❥♦✉r♥❡② ❤✐t❤❡r t♦ ❝♦♠❢♦rt ❬✉s❪✱ ❖ Indra ❬❛♥❞❪ Agni✦
✺✳ ❲❤❛t ❞❡❡❞s ♦❢ ✈❛❧♦r ②♦✉ t✇♦✱ ❖ Indra ❬❛♥❞❪ Agni✱
❤❛✈❡ ❞♦♥❡ ❛♥❞ ✇❤❛t ♠❛♥❧② ❢♦r♠s ❬②♦✉ t✇♦ ❡✛❡❝t❡❞❪✱
✇❤✐❝❤ ②♦✉r ❢♦r♠❡r ❢❡❧❧♦✇s❤✐♣s
❬✇❡r❡❪ ❞❡str♦②✐♥❣ r❡❛❝t✐✈❡ ✐♠♣✉❧s✐✈❡♥❡ss ✖
❞♦ ②♦✉ t✇♦✱ ✉s✐♥❣ ❬♠❡♠♦r✐❡s ♦❢ ❪ t❤♦s❡ ❬❡✈❡♥ts❪✱
❞r✐♥❦ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ Soma✦
✖✖
✻✳ ❲❤❛t ■✱ ❝❤♦♦s✐♥❣ ②♦✉ t✇♦✱ s❛✐❞ ❛t ✜rst✱
✏❚❤✐s Soma ✐s ♠❛❞❡ ✐♥t♦ ❛♥ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣ ❜② ♦✉r Asura✲s ✸ ✳✑
❙✐♥❝❡ ②♦✉ t✇♦ ♠✐❣❤t ❥♦✉r♥❡② ❤❡r❡
♦♥ ❛❝❝♦✉♥t ♦❢ s✉❝❤ tr✉❡ ❧♦②❛❧t②✱
t❤❡♥ ❞r✐♥❦ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ Soma✦

✶ ✐♥♥❡r Soma
✷ ♣r♦❜✳ manipūra ❝❛❦r❛
.
✸ ❜♦t❤ Indra ❛♥❞ Agni ❛r❡ ❝❛❧❧❡❞ asura✲s✱ ❢♦r ❡①❛♠♣❧❡✱ ✽✳✾✵✳✻❛❜✱ ✶✳✺✹✳✸❝✱

✷✳✶✳✻❛✱ ✸✳✸✳✹❛
✸✶✹

yádindrāgnı̄ mádathah. své duron.é

yádbrahmán.i rā´jani vā yajatrā |
átah. pári vr..san.āvā´ hı́ yātám
áthā sómasya pibatam . sutásya || 7 ||

yádindrāgnı̄ yádus.u turváśes.u

yáddruhyús.vánus.u pūrús.u stháh. |
átah. pári vr..san.āvā´ hı́ yātám
áthā sómasya pibatam . sutásya || 8 ||

yádindrāgnı̄ avamásyām . pr.thivyā´m.

madhyamásyām . paramásyāmutá stháh. |
átah. pári vr..san.āvā´ hı́ yātám
áthā sómasya pibatam . sutásya || 9 ||

yádindrāgnı̄ paramásyām . pr.thivyā´m

.
madhyamásyāmavamásyāmutá stháh. |
átah. pári vr..san.āvā´ hı́ yātám
áthā sómasya pibatam . sutásya || 10 ||

yádindrāgnı̄ divı́ .s.thó yátpr.thivyā´m

.
yátpárvates.vós.adhı̄s.vapsú |
átah. pári vr..san.āvā´ hı́ yātám
áthā sómasya pibatam . sutásya || 11 ||

yádindrāgnı̄ úditā sū´ryasya

mádhye diváh. svadháyā mādáyethe |
átah. pári vr..san.āvā´ hı́ yātám
áthā sómasya pibatam . sutásya || 12 ||
 ✸✶✺

✼✳ ❲❤❡♥ ②♦✉ t✇♦✱ ❖ Indra ❬❛♥❞❪ Agni✱

❡①✉❧t ✐♥ ②♦✉r ♦✇♥ r❡s✐❞❡♥❝❡ ✖
✇❤❡t❤❡r ✐♥ ❛ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t♦r✱ ♦r ✐♥ ❛ ❝❤✐❡❢t❛✐♥ ✖
❖ t✇♦ ✐♥str✉♠❡♥t❛❧ ✐♥ ❛ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡✱
s✐♥❝❡✱ ❜❡❝❛✉s❡ ♦❢ ❜❡✐♥❣ ❛r♦✉♥❞✱ ❖ ❜✉❧❧s✱
②♦✉ t✇♦ ♠✐❣❤t ❥♦✉r♥❡② ❤❡r❡✱
t❤❡♥ ❞r✐♥❦ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ Soma✦
✽✳ ❲❤❡♥ ②♦✉ t✇♦✱ ❖ Indra ❬❛♥❞❪ Agni✱
❛r❡ ❛♠♦♥❣ Yadu✲s✱ Turvaśa✲s
✇❤❡♥ ❛♠♦♥❣ Druhyu✱ Anu✱ ❝♦♠♠♦♥❡rs ✖ ✹
s✐♥❝❡✱ ❜❡❝❛✉s❡ ♦❢ ❜❡✐♥❣ ❛r♦✉♥❞✱ ❖ ❜✉❧❧s✱
②♦✉ t✇♦ ♠✐❣❤t ❥♦✉r♥❡② ❤❡r❡✱
t❤❡♥ ❞r✐♥❦ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ Soma✦
✾✳ ❲❤❡♥ ②♦✉ t✇♦✱ ❖ Indra ❬❛♥❞❪ Agni✱ ❛r❡ ✐♥ ❛♥ ✐♥❢❡r✐♦r ❊❛rt❤ ✱
✺
✐♥ t❤❡ ♠♦st ♣r♦♠✐♥❡♥t ♦r ✐♥ ❛ ♠✐❞❞❧❡ ♦♥❡✱
s✐♥❝❡✱ ❜❡❝❛✉s❡ ♦❢ ❜❡✐♥❣ ❛r♦✉♥❞✱ ❖ ❜✉❧❧s✱
②♦✉ t✇♦ ♠✐❣❤t ❥♦✉r♥❡② ❤❡r❡✱
t❤❡♥ ❞r✐♥❦ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ Soma✦
✶✵✳ ❲❤❡♥ ②♦✉ t✇♦✱ ❖ Indra ❬❛♥❞❪ Agni✱ ❛r❡
✐♥ t❤❡ ♠♦st ♣r♦♠✐♥❡♥t ❊❛rt❤ ✱
✻
✐♥ ❛ ♠✐❞❞❧❡✱ ♦r ✐♥ ❛♥ ✐♥❢❡r✐♦r ♦♥❡
s✐♥❝❡✱ ❜❡❝❛✉s❡ ♦❢ ❜❡✐♥❣ ❛r♦✉♥❞✱ ❖ ❜✉❧❧s✱
②♦✉ t✇♦ ♠✐❣❤t ❥♦✉r♥❡② ❤❡r❡✱
t❤❡♥ ❞r✐♥❦ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ Soma✦
✶✶✳ ❲❤❡♥ ②♦✉ t✇♦✱ ❖ Indra ❬❛♥❞❪ Agni✱ ❛r❡ ✐♥ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥✱
✇❤❡♥ ♦♥ ❊❛rt❤✱ ✐♥ ❦♥♦tt② ♦♥❡s✱ ✐♥ ❤❡r❜s✱ ✐♥ ✇❛t❡rs✱
s✐♥❝❡✱ ❜❡❝❛✉s❡ ♦❢ ❜❡✐♥❣ ❛r♦✉♥❞✱ ❖ ❜✉❧❧s✱
②♦✉ t✇♦ ♠✐❣❤t ❥♦✉r♥❡② ❤❡r❡✱
t❤❡♥ ❞r✐♥❦ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ Soma✦
✶✷✳ ❲❤❡♥ ②♦✉ t✇♦✱ ❖ Indra ❬❛♥❞❪ Agni✱ ❛t s✉♥r✐s❡
♦♥ ②♦✉r ♦✇♥ ❛❝❝♦r❞ ♠❛❦❡ ②♦✉rs❡❧✈❡s ✐♥✢❛♠❡❞ ♠✐❞st t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥✱
s✐♥❝❡✱ ❜❡❝❛✉s❡ ♦❢ ❜❡✐♥❣ ❛r♦✉♥❞✱ ❖ ❜✉❧❧s✱
②♦✉ t✇♦ ♠✐❣❤t ❥♦✉r♥❡② ❤❡r❡✱
t❤❡♥ ❞r✐♥❦ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ Soma✦
✖✖

✹ ♦r✱ Pūru✲s
✺ ❂❜♦❞②
✻ ❂❜♦❞②
✸✶✻

evéndrāgnı̄ papivā´m. sā sutásya

vı́śvāsmábhyam . sám. jayatam . dhánāni |
tánno mitró várun.o māmahantām
áditih. sı́ndhuh. pr.thiv´ı̄ utá dyauh
´ . || 13 ||
 ✸✶✼

✶✸✳ ❖♥❧② ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❞r✉♥❦ t❤❡ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❬Soma❪✱ ②♦✉ t✇♦✱

❖Indra ❬❛♥❞❪ Agni✱ ♠✐❣❤t ✇✐♥ ❢♦r ✉s ❛❧❧ t❤❡ ♣r✐③❡s✳
▼❛② Mitra✱ Varun
. a✱ Aditi✱ Sindhu✱
t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ❛♥❞ ❊❛rt❤ ❜❡st♦✇ t❤❛t ✉♣♦♥ ✉s✦
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✳✶✵✾

Kutsa Āṅgirasa | Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra ❛♥❞ Agni

vı́ hyákhyam . mánasā vásya ichánnı́ndrāgnı̄

jñāsá utá vā sajātā´n |
nā´nyā´ yuvátprámatirasti máhyam .
sá vām . dhı́yam . vājayántı̄mataks.am || 1 ||

áśravam. hı́ bhūridā´vattarā vām.

vı́jāmāturutá vā ghā syālā´t |
áthā sómasya práyatı̄ yuvábhyām
ı́ndrāgnı̄ stómam. janayāmi návyam || 2 ||

mā´ chedma raśm´ı̄m̃ . rı́ti nā´dhamānāh.

´ ´
. śaktı̄ranuyáchamānāh. |
pitr̄.n.ām
indrāgnı́bhyām . kám . vŕ..san.o madanti
tā´ hyádrı̄ dhis.án.āyā upásthe || 3 ||

yuvā´bhyām . dev´ı̄ dhis.án.ā mádāyéndrāgnı̄

sómamuśat´ı̄ sunoti |
tā´vaśvinā bhadrahastā supān.ı̄
ā´ dhāvatam . mádhunā pr.ṅktámapsú || 4 ||

yuvā´mindrāgnı̄ vásuno vibhāgé

tavástamā śuśrava vr.trahátye |
tā´vāsádyā barhı́s.i yajñé asmı́n
prá cars.an.ı̄ mādayethām . sutásya || 5 ||

prá cars.an.ı́bhyah. pr.tanāháves.u

prá pr.thivyā´ riricāthe diváśca |
prá sı́ndhubhyah. prá girı́bhyo mahitvā´
préndrāgnı̄ vı́śvā bhúvanā´tyanyā´ || 6 ||
 ✸✶✾

✶✳ ❙✐♥❝❡ ■✱ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ ✇❤❛t✬s ❜❡tt❡r✱ ❧♦♦❦❡❞ ✇✐t❤ ♠② ♠✐♥❞

❛t ♥❡❛r r❡❧❛t✐✈❡s ❛♥❞ ❛t ♣❡❡rs✱ ❖ Indra ❬❛♥❞❪ Agni✱
t❤❡r❡ ✐s ❢♦r ♠❡ ♥♦ ❢♦r❡s❡❡✐♥❣ ❝❛r❡ ♦t❤❡r t❤❛♥ ②♦✉ t✇♦✳
❙✉❝❤✱ ■ ❢❛s❤✐♦♥❡❞ ❢♦r ②♦✉ t✇♦
❡♠♣❧♦②✐♥❣✲❛✲r✉s❤✲♦❢✲✈✐❣♦✉r ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥✳
✷✳ ❙✐♥❝❡ ■ ❤❡❛r❞ ②♦✉ t✇♦ ❬❛r❡❪ ♠♦r❡ ♠✉♥✐✜❝❡♥t
❬t❤❛♥❪ t❤❡ s♦♥✲✐♥✲❧❛✇ ♦r ✇✐❢❡✬s ❜r♦t❤❡r✱
t❤❡r❡❢♦r❡✱ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ❛♥ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣ ♦❢ Soma t♦ ②♦✉ t✇♦✱
❖ Indra ❬❛♥❞❪ Agni✱ ■ ♣r♦❞✉❝❡ ❛ ♥❡✇ ❤②♠♥ ♦❢ ♣r❛✐s❡✳
✖✖
✸✳ ✏▼❛② ✇❡ ♥♦t ❝✉t ♦✛ t❤❡ r❡✐♥s✦✑✱ t❤✉s ❬s❛②❪ t❤♦s❡ ❛s❦✐♥❣✲❢♦r✲❤❡❧♣✱
❞✐r❡❝t✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❡♥❡r❣✐❡s ♦❢ ❢♦r❡❢❛t❤❡rs✳
❋♦r Indra ❬❛♥❞❪ Agni ❜✉❧❧s ✐♥✢❛♠❡ ❬t❤♦s❡ ❡♥❡r❣✐❡s❪ ✖
s✐♥❝❡ t❤❡ t✇♦ st♦♥❡s ❬❛r❡❪ ✐♥ t❤❡ ❧❛♣ ♦❢ ❛♥ ❡✛♦rt t♦ ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❡✳
✹✳ ❋♦r ②♦✉ t✇♦ t❤❡ ❞✐✈✐♥❡ ❡✛♦rt t♦ ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❡✱
❞❡s✐r✐♥❣ t♦ ✐♥✢❛♠❡ ❬②♦✉ t✇♦✱❪
❖ Indra ❬❛♥❞❪ Agni✱ ♣r❡ss❡s ❬✐♥♥❡r❪ Soma✳
❬❇❡✐♥❣❪ s✉❝❤✱ ❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❛✉s♣✐❝✐♦✉s ❤❛♥❞s✱
❤❛✈✐♥❣ q✉✐❝❦ ❤❛♥❞s Aśvin✲s✱
❤❛st❡♥ ❤❡r❡✱ ♠✐① ❬✐♥♥❡r Soma❪ ✇✐t❤ ❬②♦✉r❪ ❤♦♥❡② ✐♥t♦ t❤❡ ✇❛t❡rs✦
✺✳ ■ ❤❛✈❡ ❤❡❛r❞ t❤❛t ❢♦r s❧❛②✐♥❣ Vr. tra ②♦✉ t✇♦✱
❖ Indra ❬❛♥❞❪ Agni✱ ❬❛r❡❪ t❤❡ ♠♦st ❡♥❡r❣❡t✐❝
❛t s❤❛r✐♥❣ t❤❛t ✇❤✐❝❤ ✐s ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧✳
❬❇❡✐♥❣❪ s✉❝❤✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ s❡tt❧❡❞ ♦♥ s❛❝r✐✜❝✐❛❧ ❣r❛ss
❛t t❤✐s ✜r❡ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣✱
❞r❛✇✐♥❣ t♦ ②♦✉rs❡❧✈❡s✱ ✐♥❞✉❧❣❡ ✐♥ t❤❡ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❬Soma❪✦
✻✳ ❉✉r✐♥❣ ❝❛❧❧s t♦ ❜❛tt❧❡ ②♦✉ t✇♦ ❤❛✈❡ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ s✉r♣❛ss✐♥❣
t❤♦s❡ ❞r❛✇✐♥❣ t♦ t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s ✱
✶
s✉r♣❛ss✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤ ❛♥❞ t♦ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥✱
s✉r♣❛ss✐♥❣ r✐✈❡rs✱ s✉r♣❛ss✐♥❣ ♠♦✉♥t❛✐♥s ✖
❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ②♦✉r ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ✐♥❝r❡❛s❡ ✐♥ s✐③❡✱
❖ Indra ❬❛♥❞❪ Agni✱ s✉r♣❛ss✐♥❣
❛❧❧ ♦t❤❡r ♣❧❛❝❡s ♦❢ ❡①✐st❡♥❝❡✳

✶ s❡♥s❡s
✸✷✵

ā´ bharatam. śı́ks.atam

. vajrabāhū
asmā´m̃. indrāgnı̄ avatam . śácı̄bhih. |
imé nú té raśmáyah. sū´ryasya
yébhih. sapitvám . pitáro na ā´san || 7 ||

púram . vajrahastāsmā´m̃
. darā śı́ks.atam .
indrāgnı̄ avatam . bháres.u |
tánno mitró várun.o māmahantām
áditih. sı́ndhuh. pr.thiv´ı̄ utá dyauh
´ . || 8 ||
 ✸✷✶

✷
✼✳ ❇r✐♥❣ ❬✐t ❪ ❤❡r❡✦ ❊①❡rt ②♦✉rs❡❧✈❡s✱

❖ t✇♦ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲✐♥✲❛r♠s ♦♥❡s✦

❋❛✈♦✉r ✉s ❜② ✉s✐♥❣ ❬②♦✉r❪ ❡♥❛❜❧✐♥❣ ♣♦✇❡rs✱ ❖ Indra ❬❛♥❞❪ Agni✦

❚❤❡s❡ ❬❛r❡❪ st✐❧❧ t❤♦s❡ r❡✐♥s
✸ ✹
♦❢ t❤❡ s✉♥

✇✐t❤ ✇❤✐❝❤ ♦✉r ❢♦r❡❢❛t❤❡rs ✇❡r❡ ✐♥ ❝♦♠♠✉♥✐♦♥ ❬✇✐t❤ ②♦✉❪✳

✽✳ ❖ t✇♦ str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞✲❜r❡❛❦❡rs✱ ❡①❡rt ②♦✉rs❡❧✈❡s✱

❖ t✇♦ ❤♦❧❞✐♥❣✲t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲✐♥✲❤❛♥❞s ♦♥❡s✦

❋❛✈♦✉r ✉s ✐♥ ❜❛tt❧❡s✱ ❖ Indra ❬❛♥❞❪ Agni✦

▼❛② Mitra✱ Varun.a✱ Aditi✱ Sindhu✱
t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ❛♥❞ ❊❛rt❤ ❜❡st♦✇ t❤❛t ✉♣♦♥ ✉s✦

✷ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ✐♥❝r❡❛s❡ ✐♥ s✐③❡

✸ ♣❡t❛❧s ♦❢ manipūra ❝❛❦r❛
.
✹ manipūra ❝❛❦r❛
.
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✳✶✷✶

Kaks.ı̄vat s♦♥ ♦❢ Dı̄rghatamas | Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra

káditthā´ n.´r̄m̃
. h. pā´tram. devayatā´m
.
śrávadgı́ro áṅgirasām . turan.yán |
prá yádā´nad.vı́śa ā´ harmyásyorú
kram . sate adhvaré yájatrah. || 1 ||

stámbhı̄ddha dyā´m . sá dharún.am . prus.āyad

r.bhúrvā´jāya drávin.am . náro . |
góh
ánu svajā´m. mahis. áścaks
. ata vr ´
ā m
.
ménāmáśvasya pári mātáram . góh. || 2 ||

náks.addhávamarun.´ı̄h. pūrvyám
. rā´.t
´ ´
turó viśāmáṅgirasāmánu dyūn |
táks.advájram. nı́yutam. tastámbhaddyā´m
.
cátus.pade náryāya dvipā´de || 3 ||

asyá máde svaryàm . dā .rtā´yā´pı̄vr.tam

usrı́yān.āmánı̄kam |
yáddha prasárge trikakúmnivártad
ápa drúho mā´nus.asya dúro vah. || 4 ||

túbhyam . páyo yátpitárāvánı̄tām

.
rā´dhah. surétasturán.e bhuran.yū´ |
śúci yátte rékn.a ā´yajanta
sabardúghāyāh. páya usrı́yāyāh. || 5 ||
 ✸✷✸

✶✳ ❲♦✉❧❞ ❤❡✱ ✇❤♦ ✐s ❛ ❣♦❜❧❡t ❬♦❢ tr❡❛s✉r❡❪✱

❤❛st❡♥✐♥❣ ❬t♦ ❞r✐♥❦ Soma❪✱
❧✐st❡♥ t♦ ♠❡♥✱ t♦ ❝❤❛♥ts ♦❢ ❡♥❣❛❣✐♥❣ deva✲s aṅgiras✲❡s✱
✇❤❡♥ ❤❡ r❡❛❝❤❡❞ ❞✇❡❧❧✐♥❣s ♦❢ ❝❤❛r♠✐♥❣ ♠✐♥❞ ❬Soma❪❄
❍❡ ✱ ❜❡✐♥❣ ✐♥str✉♠❡♥t❛❧ ✐♥ ♣r♦❝❡❡❞✐♥❣ ♦♥ ✐ts ✇❛② ❬s❛❝r✐✜❝❡❪✱
✶
s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ ♠❛❞❡ ❛ ✇✐❞❡ str✐❞❡✳
✷✳ ❍❡ s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ ♣r♦♣♣❡❞ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥✱
❤❡ s❤❛❧❧ s♣r✐♥❦❧❡ t❤❡ ❢♦✉♥❞❛t✐♦♥ ✳ ✷
❋♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ ❛ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r ❤❡✱ s❦✐❧❧❢✉❧✱
❬❞r♦❛✇s❪ ♠❛♥✬s s✉❜st❛♥❝❡ ❢r♦♠ ❛♥ ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥ ✳ ✸
❍❡✱ ♠✐❣❤t②✱ ❢♦❧❧♦✇❡❞ ✇✐t❤ ❤✐s ❣❛③❡
t❤❡ s❡❧❢✲♠❛♥✐❢❡st✐♥❣ ♠✉❧t✐t✉❞❡ ✖
❛ ✇♦♠❛♥ ❬✇❤♦ ✐s❪ t❤❡ ♠♦t❤❡r ♦❢ r❤②t❤♠
✹ ✺
❛♥❞ ♦❢ ❛♥ ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥ ✳ ✻
✸✳ ❉❛②✲❛❢t❡r✲❞❛② ♣r♦♠♣t s♦✈❡r❡✐❣♥ ♦❢ aṅgiras✲❡s✬ ❞✇❡❧❧✐♥❣s✱
✼
s❤❛❧❧ ❛t ✜rst ❝♦♠❡ t♦ t❤❡ ❝❛❧❧✱ ❬t♦✇❛r❞s❪
❣✐✈✐♥❣ ❬❤✐♠❪ ❝❤❛♥❝❡ t♦ ♠♦✈❡ ✉♣✇❛r❞s ❬❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s❪✳
❍❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❢❛s❤✐♦♥ ✐♥♥❛t❡ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✱
❤❡ s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ ♣r♦♣♣❡❞ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥
❢♦r ❢♦✉r✲❢♦♦t❡❞✱ ❢♦r ♠❛♥❧② t✇♦✲❢♦♦t❡❞ ♦♥❡s✳
✹✳ ■♥ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t✐♦♥ ❢r♦♠ t❤✐s ❬Soma❪ t❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ ②✐❡❧❞ ✖
❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ .rta ✖
r♦❛r✐♥❣ ❬❜✉t❪ s❤r♦✉❞❡❞ ♦♥s❡t ♦❢ ❛♣♣❡❛r✐♥❣ ❛t ❞❛✇♥ ❬✇❛t❡rs❪✳
❲❤❡♥ ❛t ❬t❤❡✐r❪ ✢♦✇✐♥❣ ❢♦rt❤
❤❡ ✱ ✇❤♦ ❤❛s t❤r❡❡ r❡❣✐♦♥s ✱ r❡tr❡❛ts✱
✽ ✾
t❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ ✉♥❝♦✈❡r t❤❡ ❞♦♦rs ♦❢ t❤❡ ❢♦❡ ♦❢ ❛♥ ❬✐♥t❡❧❧✐❣❡♥t❪ ❤✉♠❛♥✳
✺✳ ❋♦r t❤❡❡ ❬✐s❪ t❤❡ ❥✉✐❝❡ t❤❛t
t✇♦ r❡st❧❡ss✲❞✉r✐♥❣✲t❤❡✲❤✉st❧❡ ♣❛r❡♥ts ❤❛✈❡ ❧❡❞ t♦ ✖
✶✵
❛ ♣♦t❡♥t s❛t✐s❢❛❝t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❬t❤②❪ ❞❡s✐r❡✳
✶✶
●❧❡❛♠✐♥❣ ❬✐s t❤❛t❪ t❤② ❧❡❣❛❝②
❬t♦ ✇❤✐❝❤❪ t❤❡② ♠❛❞❡ ❛ ✜r❡ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣ ✖
t❤❡ ❥✉✐❝❡ ♦❢ ②✐❡❧❞✐♥❣ s❛♣ ❛♣♣❡❛r✐♥❣ ❛t ❞❛✇♥ ❬♠✐❧❝❤✲❝♦✇❪✳
✶ ♣r♦❜✳ Visnu
..
✷ ♣r♦❜✳ t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤
✸ ❧✐t✳ ✏❝♦✇✑
✹ ❙♣❡❡❝❤
✺ ❧✐t✳ ✏❤♦rs❡✑
✻ ❧✐t✳ ✏❝♦✇✑
✼ Soma
✽ Vrtra
.
✾ t❤r❡❡ ♠❛❥♦r ❝❛❦r❛s ✐♥ t❤❡ ❧♦✇❡r ♣❛rt ♦❢ t❤❡ ❜♦❞②
✶✵ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤
✶✶ ❧✐t✳ ✏❤❛✈✐♥❣ ♠✉❝❤ s❡♠❡♥✑
✸✷✹

ádha prá jajñe tarán.irmamattu

prá rocyasyā´ us.áso ná sū´rah. |
ı́nduryébhirā´.s.ta svéduhavyaih.
sruvén.a siñcáñjarán.ābhı́ dhā´ma || 6 ||

svidhmā´ yádvanádhitirapasyā´t
sū´ro adhvaré pári ródhanā góh. |
yáddha prabhā´si kŕ.tvyām̃
. ánu dyū´n
´
ánarviśe paśvı́s.e turāya || 7 ||

as..tā´ mahó divá ā´do hárı̄ ihá

dyumnāsā´hamabhı́ yodhāná útsam |
hárim . yátte mandı́nam . duks.ánvr.dhé
górabhasamádribhirvātā´pyam || 8 ||

tvámāyasám . práti vartayo gór

divó áśmānamúpanı̄tamŕ.bhvā |
kútsāya yátra puruhūta vanváñ
chús.n.amanantáıh. pariyā´si vadháıh. || 9 ||

purā´ yátsū´rastámaso ápı̄tes

támadrivah. phaligám . hetı́masya |
śús.n.asya citpárihitam. yádójo
diváspári súgrathitam . tádā´dah. || 10 ||
 ✸✷✺

✻✳ ◆♦✇ t❤❛t ❤❡
✶✷ ✱ ✇❤♦ ❝❛rr✐❡s ❬❛❝r♦ss❪✱ ❤❛s ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❡❞ ❤✐♠s❡❧❢✱
❧❡t ❬t❤✐s Soma❪ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t❡ ❬❤✐♠❪✦
❍❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡ ♠❛❞❡ ❛♣♣❛r❡♥t ❧✐❦❡ t❤❡ ✐♥❝✐t❡r ♦❢ t❤✐s ❞❛✇♥✳
❆ ❞r♦♣ ♦❢ ♣✉r❡ Soma✱
s♣r✐♥❦❧✐♥❣ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ❧❛❞❧❡ ✇✐t❤❡r❡❞ ❬❞❡s✐r❡s✴❡♠♦t✐♦♥s❪✱
❤❛s ❛rr✐✈❡❞ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ t❤♦s❡✱
✇❤✐❝❤ ❬❛r❡❪ ✏✉♥❞❡rst❛♥❞✲✇❤❛t ❜②✲②♦✉rs❡❧✈❡s✑✱ ✐♥t♦ t❤❡ ❛❜♦❞❡✳
✼✳ ■❢ t❤❡ ❧❛②❡r ♦❢ ❡❛r♥❡st ❞❡s✐r❡s✱
❬❝♦♥s✐st✐♥❣ ♦❢ ❪ ❡❛s✐❧②✲❦✐♥❞❧❡❞ ♦♥❡s✱ ✐s ❛❝t✐✈❡✱
❬t❤❡♥❪ ❞✉r✐♥❣ ♣r♦❝❡❡❞✐♥❣ ♦♥ ✐ts ✇❛② ❬s❛❝r✐✜❝❡❪ t❤❡ ✐♥❝✐t❡r
✐s ❛r♦✉♥❞ t❤❡ ✐♠♣❡❞✐♠❡♥ts t♦ ❛♥ ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥✱
✐❢✱ ♦❢ ❝♦✉rs❡✱ t❤r♦✉❣❤♦✉t ②✐❡❧❞✐♥❣✲r❡s✉❧ts ❞❛②s
t❤♦✉ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st ❬❤✐♠❪ t♦ ❛ q✉✐❝❦ s❡❡❦✐♥❣✲t❤❡✲❜❡❛st ❞r✐✈❡r✳
✽✳ ❚✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s ❛tt❛✐♥❡❞ ❤❡r❡
t❤♦✉ r❡❝❡✐✈❡❞ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ♠✐❣❤t② ❍❡❛✈❡♥✱
❬❛s t❤♦✉ ✇❡r❡❪ ✜❣❤t✐♥❣ ❢♦r
♦✈❡r❝♦♠✐♥❣ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡✲♣♦✇❡r✲t♦✲✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t❡ ❢♦✉♥t❛✐♥
✶✸ ✱
✇❤❡♥ t❤❡② ♠✐❧❦❡❞ ❢♦r t❤❡❡ t❛✇♥②✱ ♣♦ss❡ss✐♥❣ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t✐♦♥ ♦♥❡ ✖
t♦ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥ ❬t❤❡❡❪✱
❬♠✐❧❦❡❞❪ ✇✐t❤ st♦♥❡s ✈❡❤❡♠❡♥t✲❛s✲❛♥✲♦① ♦♥❡
✶✹ ✱
♦❜t❛✐♥♠❡♥t ♦❢ ✇❤✐❝❤ ✐s ❞❡s✐r❛❜❧❡✳
✶✺ t❤♦✉✱ ❜❡✐♥❣ ♣r✉❞❡♥t✱
✾✳ ❆❣❛✐♥st ❬t❤❛t❪ ✐r♦♥ ❬❤♦r♥❪ ♦❢ t❤❡ ♦①
✶✻
s❤❛❧❧ ✢✐♥❣ ❜r♦✉❣❤t✲♥❡❛r✲❢r♦♠✲t❤❡✲❍❡❛✈❡♥ ✏❡❛t❡r✑ ✱
✇❤❡r❡✈❡r ♣❧❛❝✐♥❣ ❬✐t❪ ✇✐t❤✐♥ r❡❛❝❤ ❢♦r Kutsa✱
❖ ♠✉❝❤ ✐♥✈♦❦❡❞ ♦♥❡✱
t❤♦✉ s✉rr♦✉♥❞ Śus.n.a ✇✐t❤ ❡♥❞❧❡ss ❢r✉str❛t✐♦♥s
✶✼ ✳
✶✵✳ ❲❤❡♥ t❤❡ ✐♥❝✐t❡r
✶✽ ❬✐s ❥✉st❪ ❜❡❢♦r❡ ❡♥t❡r✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡ s❦②❪
❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ❞❛r❦♥❡ss✱
❝❛st t❤❡ ♠✐ss✐❧❡ ❛t t❤❛t ✇❛t❡r✲❝❛s❦
✶✾ ✱ ❖ st♦♥❡✲✇✐❡❧❞❡r✦
❲❤❛t❡✈❡r ❡♥❡r❣② ♦❢ Śus.n.a ❤✐♠s❡❧❢ ❬✇❛s❪ ♣✉t ❛r♦✉♥❞ ❬t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥❪✱
t❤♦✉ ❤❛s t❛❦❡♥ t❤❛t✱ ❞❡s♣✐t❡ ❬✐t ❜❡✐♥❣❪ ✇❡❧❧ t✐❡❞ ❬t♦ t❤♦✉❣❤ts❪✱
❢r♦♠ ❛❧❧ ♦✈❡r t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥✳

✶✷ Indra
✶✸ ♣r♦❧♦♥❣❡❞ s✉r❣❡ ♦❢ ❛❞r❡♥❛❧✐♥❡ ✐♥ ❜❧♦♦❞ t❤❛t s❤❛r♣❡♥s ❛❧❧ s❡♥s❡s ❛♥❞ t❤❡
♣♦✇❡r ♦❢ ❞✐s❝❡r♥♠❡♥t ❛♥❞ ❛❧s♦ ♣✉ts ❛ ❣♦❧❞❡♥ ❤❛❧♦ ❛t ♣♦✐♥ts ♦❢ s❤❛r♣ ❝♦♥tr❛st
✐♥ ✈✐s✉❛❧ ♣❡r❝❡♣ts
✶✹ Soma ❥✉✐❝❡
✶✺ ♣r♦❜✳ ✏❤✉♥❣❡r✑
✶✻ ♣r♦❜✳ apāna
✶✼ ♦r✱ ✏❞❡❛❞❧② ✇❡❛♣♦♥s✑
✶✽ ♣r♦❜✳ ✏t❤❡ s✉♥✑
✶✾ t❤❡ s♦✉r❝❡ ♦❢ ❜❡t❛✲❡♥❞♦r♣❤✐♥s t❤❛t ✐s ❢❡❧t ❛s ✐❢ ♣♦✉r✐♥❣ str❡❛♠s ❞♦✇♥ t❤❡
❜♦❞② ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ t♦♣ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❤❡❛❞
✸✷✻

ánu tvā mah´ı̄ pā´jası̄ acakré

dyā´vāks.ā´mā madatāmindra kárman |
tvám. vr.trámāśáyānam. sirā´su
mahó vájren.a sis.vapo varā´hum || 11 ||

tvámindra náryo yā´m̃ . ávo n.´r̄n

´
tı́s..thā vātasya suyújo váhis..thān |
yám . te kāvyá uśánā mandı́nam . dā´d
vr.trahán.am ´
. pāryam. tataks.a vájram || 12 ||

tvám. sū´ro harı́to rāmayo n.´r̄n

bháraccakrámétaśo nā´yámindra |
prā´sya pārám
. navatı́m . nāvyā`nām
ápi kartámavartayó ′yajyūn || 13 ||

tvám . no asyā´ indra durhán.āyāh.

pāhı́ vajrivo duritā´dabh´ı̄ke |
prá no vā´jānrathyò áśvabudhyān
is.é yandhi śrávase sūnŕ.tāyai || 14 ||

mā´ sā´ te asmátsumatı́rvı́ dasad

vā´japramahah. sámı́s.o varanta |
ā´ no bhaja maghavangós.varyó
mám . his..thāste sadhamā´dah. syāma || 15 ||
 ✸✷✼

✶✶✳ ❚❤❡ t✇♦ ❣r❡❛t ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ✜r♠♥❡ss ❜✉t ♥♦t ❝✐r❝✉❧❛r ♦♥❡s ✖
t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤ ✖
s❤❛❧❧ r❡❥♦✐❝❡ ♦✈❡r t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❞✉r✐♥❣ ❬t❤✐s❪ ❛❝t✐♦♥ ✖
t❤♦✉✱ ✉s✐♥❣ t❤❡ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✱ s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ s✇✐❢t❧② ♣✉t t♦ s❧❡❡♣
❧②✐♥❣ ✐♥ ✈❡✐♥s ❡♥❝❛♣s✉❧❛t✐♥❣ ❛♥①✐❡t② Vrtra✳
✶✷✳ ❚❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❬❛r❡❪ s✉✐t❛❜❧❡ t♦ ♠❡♥✱.
❬t♦ t❤♦s❡❪ ✇❤♦♠ t❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ ❢❛✈♦✉r✳
❊♠♣❧♦② ❛s ❜❡st✲❛t✲❝♦♥✈❡②✐♥❣ ✇❡❧❧✲②♦❦❡❞ ❬❤♦rs❡s❪ ♦❢ Vāta✦
✷✵
❲❤✐❝❤ ♣♦ss❡ss✐♥❣ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t✐♦♥ ❬Soma❪
Uśanas Kāvya ❣❛✈❡ t♦ t❤❡❡✱
❬t❤❛t❪ ❤❛s ❢❛s❤✐♦♥❡❞ ❤❡❧♣✐♥❣✲t❤r♦✉❣❤ Vr.tra✲s❧❛②✐♥❣ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✳
✶✸✳ ❚❤♦✉✱ t❤❡ ✐♥❝✐t❡r✱ s❤❛❧❧ ♠❛❦❡ ♠❡♥ ❡♥❥♦② t❤❡ ❜❛② ♠❛r❡s ✱ ✷✶
t❤❡ ✢✐❝❦❡r✐♥❣ ❬✐♥♥❡r ✜r❡❪✱ ♥♦ t❤✐s ♦♥❡ ✱ ✷✷
s❤❛❧❧ ♠❛✐♥t❛✐♥ ❬man.ipūra❪ ❝❛❦r❛✱ ❖ Indra✦
❈❛st ❬Soma ❞r♦♣s❪ t♦ t❤❡ ✉t♠♦st r❡❛❝❤✱
✐♥t♦ ♥✐♥❡t② ♦❢ ♥❛✈✐❣❛❜❧❡ ❬str❡❛♠s ❪✦ ✷✸
❙✉r❡❧②✱ t❤♦✉ ♠❛❞❡ t❤♦s❡✱ ✇❤♦ ❞♦ ♥♦t s❡❡❦ t♦ ♠❛❦❡ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣s✱
t♦ ❢❛❝❡ t❤❡ st❛t❡ ♦❢ s❡♣❛r❛t✐♦♥
❬❢r♦♠ t❤❡s❡ t❤② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❤❡❧♣✐♥❣❪✳
✶✹✳ ❉♦ t❤♦✉ ♣r♦t❡❝t ✉s✱ ❖ Indra ❢r♦♠ t❤✐s ❤❛r♠✱
❢r♦♠ ❛ ❜❛❞ ❝♦✉rs❡ ✐♥ ❛♥ ❛❞✈❡rs✐t②✱ ❖ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲❜❡❛r❡r✦
❉♦ t❤♦✉✱ ❛❝❝✉st♦♠❡❞ t♦ ❛ ❝❤❛r✐♦t ❬❛♠♦♥❣ ✉s❪✱ ♦✛❡r t♦ ✉s
t♦✲❜❡✲❛✇❛❦❡♥❡❞✲❜②✲♣✉❧s✐♥❣✲❜❧♦♦❞ r✉s❤❡s ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r ✖
✷✹
❢♦r ❛ ❧✐❜❛t✐♦♥✱ ❢♦r ❛♥ ❛✉❞✐t♦r② ✐♠♣r❡ss✐♦♥✱
❢♦r ❛ ✇❡❧❧✲✜tt✐♥❣ ❬❡♥❛❜❧✐♥❣ ♣♦✇❡r❪ ✦ ✷✺
✶✺✳ ▼❛② ♥♦t t❤❛t t❤② ❜❡♥❡✈♦❧❡♥❝❡ ✇✐t❤❡r ❛✇❛② ❢r♦♠ ✉s✱
✷✻
❬♥♦r❪ ♠❛② ❧✐❜❛t✐♦♥s ❝♦♥❝❡❛❧ ❬✐t❪✱
❖ ♠❛❣♥✐✜❡❞ ❜② ❛ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r ♦♥❡✦
❉♦ ❛♣♣♦rt✐♦♥ t♦ ✉s r✐s✐♥❣ ✉♣✇❛r❞s ♦♥❡ ✷✼
✐♥ ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s✱
s♦ t❤❛t ✇❡✱ ♠♦st ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s t♦ t❤❡❡✱
♠✐❣❤t ❜❡ ❬t❤②❪ ❞r✐♥❦✐♥❣ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s✦

✷✵ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✺✳✸✶✳✶✵❛

✷✶ ♣r♦❜✳ ❞r♦♣s ♦❢ Soma ❥✉✐❝❡
✷✷ ♣r♦❜✳ ❡①t❡r♥❛❧ ✜r❡ ✐♥ t❤❡ s❛❝r✐✜❝✐❛❧ ❛❧t❛r
✷✸ ♣r♦❜✳ ✏❧❛r❣❡ ❜❧♦♦❞ ✈❡ss❡❧s✑
✷✹ ❧✐t✳ ✏❤♦rs❡s✑
✷✺ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✽✳✸✷✳✶✺
✷✻ ❢♦❧❧♦✇✐♥❣ ❬❏❛♠✐s♦♥ ❛♥❞ ❇r❡r❡t♦♥✱ ✷✵✶✹✱ ♣✳✷✽✸❪
✷✼ ✐♥♥❡r Soma
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✳✶✷✾

Paruchepa Daivodasa | ✶✕✼ Atyas..ti✱ ✽✕✾ Atiśakvarı̄✱ ✶✶ As..ti | t♦

Indra

. ráthamindra medhásātaye pākā´

′
yám . tvám
sántamis.ira pran.áyasi
prā´navadya náyasi |
sadyáścittámabhı́s..taye
káro váśaśca vājı́nam |
sā´smā´kamanavadya tūtujāna vedhásām
imā´m. vā´cam. ná vedhásām || 1 ||

sá śrudhi yáh. smā pŕ.tanāsu kā´su cid

daks.ā´yya indra bhárahūtaye nŕ.bhir
ási prátūrtaye nŕ.bhih. |
yáh. śū´raih. svàh. sánitā
yó vı́prairvā´jam . tárutā |
támı̄śānā´sa iradhanta vājı́nam .
pr.ks.ámátyam . ná vājı́nam || 2 ||

dasmó hı́ .smā vŕ..san.am. pı́nvasi tvácam

.
kám. cidyāvı̄rarárum . śūra mártyam.
parivr.n.áks.i mártyam |
ı́ndrotá túbhyam . táddivé
tádrudrā´ya sváyaśase |
mitrā´ya vocam . várun.āya sapráthah.
sumr...dı̄kā´ya sapráthah. || 3 ||

asmā´kam . va ı́ndramuśması̄s..táye
sákhāyam . viśvā´yum. prāsáham . yújam
.
vā´jes.u prāsáham . yújam |
asmā´kam . bráhmotáyé vā
′

pr.tsús.u kā´su cit |

nahı́ tvā śátru stárate str.n.ós.i yám
.
vı́śvam. śátrum. str.n.ós.i yám || 4 ||
 ✸✷✾

✶✳ ❲❤✐❝❤ ❝❤❛r✐♦t t❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❢♦r ♦❜t❛✐♥✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♥♦✉r✐s❤✐♥❣ ❞r✐♥❦✱

❬❡✈❡♥ ❛ ❝❤❛r✐♦t❪ t❤❛t ✐s ❢❛r ❬❢r♦♠ ♣r♦✜❝✐❡♥❝②❪✱ ❖ ✐♥st✐❣❛t✐♥❣ ♦♥❡✱
✇♦✉❧❞ ❧❡❛❞ ❢♦rt❤✱
t❤♦✉ ❞♦ ❧❡❛❞✱ ❖ ❢❛✉❧t❧❡ss ♦♥❡✱ ❢♦rt❤✳
❊✈❡♥ ♦♥ t❤❡ s❛♠❡ ❞❛② t❤♦✉✱ ✇✐❧❧✐♥❣ ❬✐t❪✱ ✇♦✉❧❞ ♠❛❦❡ ❤✐♠
❝❛♣❛❜❧❡ ♦❢ ❛ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r ✖ ✐♥ ♦r❞❡r t♦ ❛ss✐st ❬❤✐s ♣r♦❣r❡ss❪✳
❍❡ ❬✇♦✉❧❞ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ♦♥❡❪ ♦❢ ✉s✱ ♦❢ ❛❞❡♣ts✱
❖ ✉r❣✐♥❣ ❛❣❛✐♥ ❛♥❞ ❛❣❛✐♥ ❢❛✉❧t❧❡ss ♦♥❡✱
❧✐❦❡ ❬t❤♦✉ ♠❛❞❡❪ t❤✐s ♣❤r❛s❡ ❬❛ ♣❤r❛s❡❪ ♦❢ ❛❞❡♣ts✳
✷✳ ❙✉❝❤✱ ❞♦ t❤♦✉ ❧✐st❡♥✱ ❬t❤♦✉✱❪ ✇❤♦ ❛❧✇❛②s✱ ✐♥ ✇❤❛t❡✈❡r ❜❛tt❧❡s✱
❬✐s❪ t♦ ❜❡ tr❡❛t❡❞ s❦✐❧❧❢✉❧❧② ❜② ♠❡♥ ❢♦r ❛ ❝❛❧❧ t♦ ❜❛tt❧❡✳
❚❤♦✉ ❛r❡ ❬✐♥✈♦❦❡❞❪ ❜② ♠❡♥ ❢♦r ❛♥ ❛tt❛❝❦✱
❬t❤♦✉✱❪ ✇❤♦ ✇✐t❤ ❛❣❡♥ts ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡ ✇✐❧❧ ♦❜t❛✐♥ svàr✱
✇❤♦ ✇✐t❤ ✐♥✇❛r❞❧② ❡①❝✐t❡❞ ♦♥❡s ✇✐❧❧ tr❛♥s❢❡r ❛ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✳
❙✉❝❤ ❬t❤❡❡✱❪ ♣♦ss❡ss✐♥❣ t❤❡ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱
❝❛♣❛❜❧❡ ♦♥❡s ❡♥❞❡❛✈♦r t♦ ♦❜t❛✐♥✱
❬t❤❡❡✱❪ ♣♦ss❡ss✐♥❣ t❤❡ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r ❧✐❦❡ t❤❡ ♥♦✉r✐s❤✐♥❣ ❝♦✉rs❡r ✳
✶
✸✳ ❙✐♥❝❡ t❤♦✉✱ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❧✐s❤✐♥❣ ✇♦♥❞❡r❢✉❧ ❞❡❡❞s✱
❛❧✇❛②s s✇❡❧❧ ❢❡rt✐❧✐③✐♥❣ s❦✐♥✱
✇❤✐❝❤❡✈❡r ❡♥✈✐♦✉s ♠♦rt❛❧ t❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ❡①❝❧✉❞❡❞✱ ❖ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱
t❤♦✉ s❤✉♥ ❬t❤❛t❪ ♠♦rt❛❧✳
❚❤❛t t♦ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❛♥❞ t♦ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥✱
t❤❛t t♦ ✇♦rt❤②✲❜②✲❤✐♠s❡❧❢ Rudra✱
t♦ Mitra✱ ❬❛♥❞❪ t♦ Varuna ■ t❡❧❧ ❛t ❧❡♥❣t❤ ✖
❢♦r ❛ ❣r❡❛t ❝♦♠♣❛ss✐♦♥ .✖ ❛t ❧❡♥❣t❤✳
✖✖
✹✳ ❲❡ ✇✐s❤ ②♦✉r Indra ❬t♦ ❜❡❪ ♦✉rs ❢♦r ❛ ❢♦r❛②✱
❬✇❡ ✇✐s❤ ❤✐♠✱❪ ❛s ❛❣✐t❛t✐♥❣ ❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣✱
❡♠♣❧♦②❡❞ ❬❛♥❞❪ ❡♥❞✉r✐♥❣ ✖ ❛s ❛ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥✱
❡♠♣❧♦②❡❞ ❬❛♥❞❪ ❡♥❞✉r✐♥❣ ❞✉r✐♥❣ r✉s❤❡s ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✳
❋❛✈♦✉r ♦✉r ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥ t♦ ❤❡❧♣ ❬✉s❪ ✐♥ ✇❤❛t❡✈❡r ❜❛tt❧❡s ❬✇❡ ❢❛❝❡❪✱
s✐♥❝❡ ♥♦ ❡♥❡♠② ✇❤♦♠ t❤♦✉ ❞✐s♣❡rs❡ ❞✐s♣❡rs❡s t❤❡❡✱
✇❤♦♠ t❤♦✉ ❞✐s♣❡rs❡ ✳✳✳ ❬❛♥❞ t❤❛t ✐s❪ ❡✈❡r② ❡♥❡♠②✳

✶ Soma ❥✉✐❝❡
✸✸✵

nı́ .sū´ namā´timatim . káyasya cit

téjis..thābhirarán.ibhirnótı́bhir
ugrā´bhirugrotı́bhih. |
nés.i n.o yáthā purā´nenā´h.
śūra mányase |
vı́śvāni pūrórápa pars.i váhnirāsā´
váhnirno ácha || 5 ||

prá tádvoceyam . bhávyāyéndave

hávyo ná yá is.ávānmánma réjati
raks.ohā´ mánma réjati |
svayám . só asmádā´ nidó
vadháırajeta durmatı́m |
′
áva sravedagháśam . so vatarám
áva ks.udrámiva sravet || 6 ||

vanéma táddhótrayā citántyā

vanéma rayı́m . rayivah. suv´ı̄ryam .
ran.vám . sántam. suv´ı̄ryam |
durmánmānam . sumántubhir
émis.ā´ pr.cı̄mahi |
ā´ satyā´bhirı́ndram. dyumnáhūtibhir
yájatram . dyumnáhūtibhih . || 7 ||
 ✸✸✶

✺✳ ❇❡♥❞ ❡❛s✐❧② ❤❛✉❣❤t✐♥❡ss ♦❢ ✇❤♦♠❡✈❡r✱

❬❜❡♥❞ ✐t❪ ❛s ✐❢ ✇✐t❤ s❤❛r♣❡st ♣❛✐♥s ✇✐t❤ ❬t❤②❪ ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❤❡❧♣✐♥❣✱
✇✐t❤ s❛✈❛❣❡
✷ ♠❡❛♥s✱ ❖ ❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s ♦♥❡✦
❲♦✉❧❞ t❤♦✉ ❧❡❛❞ ✉s ❛s ❜❡❢♦r❡ ✖
❬❛s❪ t❤♦✉✱ ♥♦t✲❧✐❛❜❧❡✲t♦✲❡rr♦r✱ t❤✐♥❦ ❬✐s ❜❡st❪✱ ❖ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✦
❲♦✉❧❞ t❤♦✉✱ ✇❤♦ ❝♦♥✈❡②s ✇✐t❤ ♠♦✉t❤ ✱ ❞❡❧✐✈❡r
✸
✹
❛❧❧ ❬♣♦✇❡rs ♦✈❡r ❛✛❡❝t✐♦♥s❪ ❛✇❛② ❢r♦♠ ❛ ❝♦♠♠♦♥❡r✱
❬t❤♦✉✱❪ ✇❤♦ ❝♦♥✈❡②s ❬t❤♦s❡ ♣♦✇❡rs❪ t♦✇❛r❞s ✉s✳
✻✳ ■ ♠✐❣❤t s❛② t❤✐s ❢♦r ❬♦❜t❛✐♥✐♥❣❪ ❛ ♣r♦♣❡r
♠♦st r❡✜♥❡❞ ❛♥❞ ❝♦♥❝❡♥tr❛t❡❞ ❢♦r♠ ♦❢ Soma✱
✺
✏▲✐❦❡ ❬t❤❡ ♦♥❡ ❪ t♦✲❜❡✲❝❛❧❧❡❞✲✉♣♦♥✱ ❬t❤❛t ❢♦r♠❪✱
✇❤✐❝❤ ✐s ❢✉❧❧ ♦❢ s❛♣ ❬♦❢ Soma ❤❡r❜❪✱
s❤❛❦❡s ❬❛♥②❪ ♠❛♥✐❝ t❤♦✉❣❤t ✖
❞❡str♦②✐♥❣ ❞❡❢❡♥s✐✈❡♥❡ss✱ ✐t s❤❛❦❡s ❬❛♥②❪ ♠❛♥✐❝ t❤♦✉❣❤t✳
❲✐t❤ ❞❡❛❞❧② ✇❡❛♣♦♥s ❤❡
✻ ❜② ❤✐♠s❡❧❢ ❝❛♥ ❞r✐✈❡ ♦✉t ❢r♦♠ ✉s
✐♠♣♦s❡❞ ❝♦♥str❛✐♥ts✱ ♥♦①✐♦✉s ♠♦♦❞✱
❬s♦ t❤❛t❪ t❤❡ ♠❛❧❡✈♦❧❡♥t ♦♥❡ ♠✐❣❤t ❛❜❛t❡ ♠♦r❡✱
❬s♦ t❤❛t❪ ❧✐❦❡ s♦♠❡t❤✐♥❣ tr✐✢✐♥❣ ❤❡ ♠✐❣❤t ❛❜❛t❡✳✑
✖✖
✼✳ ❲❡ ♠✐❣❤t ♣❧❛❝❡ ✇✐t❤✐♥ r❡❛❝❤ ✖ ✇✐t❤ ❛♥ ❛✐♠❡❞ ✐♥✈♦❝❛t✐♦♥ ✖
✇❡ ♠✐❣❤t ♣❧❛❝❡ ✇✐t❤✐♥ r❡❛❝❤ t❤❡ ❣✐❢t✱ ❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❬t❤✐s❪ ❣✐❢t ♦♥❡✱
t❤❡ ♠❛♥❧② ✈✐❣♦✉r✱
t❤❡ ❜❡✐♥❣ ❞❡❧✐❣❤t❢✉❧ ❬❣✐❢t❪ ✖ t❤❡ ♠❛♥❧② ✈✐❣♦✉r✳
❲❡ s❛t✐❛t❡ ✐❧❧✲✐♥t❡♥t✐♦♥❡❞ ♦♥❡
✇✐t❤ ❢♦rt❤✇✐t❤ ❝♦♥t❡♠♣❧❛t✐♦♥s✱ ✇✐t❤ ❧✐❜❛t✐♦♥s ✖
✇✐t❤ ❣❡♥✉✐♥❡ ✐♥✈♦❝❛t✐♦♥s ♦❢ ♣♦✇❡rs t♦ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t❡
❬✇❡ s❛t✐❛t❡❪ Indra✱
✇✐t❤ ✐♥✈♦❝❛t✐♦♥s ♦❢ ♣♦✇❡rs t♦ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t❡ ❬✇❡ s❛t✐❛t❡ ❤✐♠❪
❬✇❤♦ ✐s❪ ✐♥str✉♠❡♥t❛❧ ✐♥ ❛ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡✳

✷ ❧✐t✳ ✏❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s✑
✸ ❤❡r❡ ✏✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ♠♦✉t❤✑ ❂ ✏✇✐t❤ ❛✉❞✐❜❧❡ s♣❡❡❝❤✑
✹ indriyāni ✖ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✺✳✸✶✳✸❜
.
✺ Indra
✻ inner Soma
✸✸✷

práprā vo asmé sváyaśobhirūt´ı̄

parivargá ı́ndro durmatı̄nā´m .
dárı̄mandurmatı̄nā´m |
svayám . sā´ ris.ayádhyai
yā´ na upes.é atraıh ´. |
hatémasanná vaks.ati
ks.iptā´ jūrn.ı́rná vaks.ati || 8 ||

. na indra rāyā´ párı̄n.asā

tvám
yāhı́ pathā´m̃
. anehásā
puró yāhyaraks.ásā |
sácasva nah. parāká ā´
sácasvāstamı̄ká ā´ |
pāhı́ no dūrā´dārā´dabhı́s..tibhih.
sádā pāhyabhı́s..tibhih. || 9 ||

tvám . na indra rāyā´ tárūs.asográm

.
cittvā mahimā´ saks.adávase
mahé mitrám . nā´vase |
ójis..tha trā´tarávitā
rátham . kám . cidamartya |
anyámasmádriris.eh. kám . cidadrivo
rı́riks.antam . cidadrivah. || 10 ||

pāhı́ na indra sus..tuta sridhò ′vayātā´

sádamı́ddurmatı̄nā´m .
deváh. sándurmatı̄nā´m |
hantā´ pāpásya raks.ásas
trātā´ vı́prasya mā´vatah. |
ádhā hı́ tvā janitā´ j´ı̄janadvaso
raks.ohán.am . tvā j´ı̄janadvaso || 11 ||
 ✸✸✸

✽✳ ❖♥✇❛r❞✦ ❨♦✉r ❬Indra❪ ❬✐s❪ ❛♠♦♥❣ ✉s

✇✐t❤ ✇♦rt❤②✲❜②✲t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s s✐❞❡✲❡✛❡❝ts✳
❬❚❤❡❪ Indra ❬✐s t❤❡r❡❪ ✇❤❡♥ ❛✈♦✐❞✐♥❣ ♥♦①✐♦✉s ♠♦♦❞s✱
✇❤❡♥ ❞✐s♣❡rs✐♥❣ ♥♦①✐♦✉s ♠♦♦❞s✳
❙❤❡ ✱ ✇❤♦ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ❞❡✈♦✉r❡r ❬✐s t❤❡r❡❪ t♦ ❛♠❜✉s❤ ✉s✱
✼ ✽
❬✐s t❤❡r❡❪ t♦ ❝❛✉s❡ ♠✐s❢♦rt✉♥❡ ❛❧❧ ❜② ❤❡rs❡❧❢✳
❙❤❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡ s❧❛②❡❞✦ ❙❤❡ ❞♦❡s ♥♦t ♥♦✉r✐s❤✳
❬❚❤♦✉❣❤❪ ❣❧♦✇✐♥❣✱ s❤❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡ ❞✐s♠✐ss❡❞✳ ❙❤❡ ❞♦❡s ♥♦t ♥♦✉r✐s❤✳
✖✖
✾✳ ❉♦ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ ✇✐t❤ tr❡❛s✉r❡ ✐♥ ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥❝❡ ❢♦r ✉s✱
❥♦✉r♥❡② ❜② t❤❡ ✐♥❝♦♠♣❛r❛❜❧❡ ♣❛t❤✇❛②✱
❥♦✉r♥❡② ✜rst ♦❢ ❛❧❧ ❜② ❬t❤❡ ♣❛t❤✇❛② t❤❛t❪ ❧❛❝❦s ❣✉❛r❞✐♥❣ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡s✦
❆❝❝♦♠♣❛♥② ✉s ✐♥ ❛ ❞✐st❛♥❝❡ ❬❢r♦♠ ❤♦♠❡❪✱
❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥② ❬✉s❪ ❛t ❤♦♠❡✦
Pr♦t❡❝t ✉s ❢r♦♠ ❛ ❞✐st❛♥❝❡✱ ❢r♦♠ ❛❢❛r
✇✐t❤ ❛ss✐st❛♥❝❡s ❬t❤♦✉ ♣r♦✈✐❞❡❪✦
❆❧✇❛②s ♣r♦t❡❝t ✇✐t❤ ❬t❤②❪ ❛ss✐st❛♥❝❡s✦
✶✵✳ ❬❉♦❪ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❬❥♦✉r♥❡②❪
✇✐t❤ ❜❡st✲❛t✲tr❛♥s♣♦rt✐♥❣ tr❡❛s✉r❡ ❢♦r ✉s✦
❊✈❡♥ ❬✇❤❡♥ t❤♦✉ ❛r❡❪ ❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s✱ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦✲✐♥❝r❡❛s❡✲✐♥✲s✐③❡
s❤❛❧❧ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥② t❤❡❡ ✖ t♦ ❤❡❧♣✱
t♦ ❤❡❧♣ ❣r❡❛t❧② ❛s ✐❢ ❬❤❡❧♣✐♥❣❪ ❛ ❢r✐❡♥❞✳
❖ ♠♦st ✈✐❣♦r♦✉s ❞❡❢❡♥❞❡r ❬❛♥❞❪ ❤❡❧♣❡r✦
❆♥② ❝❤❛r✐♦t✱ ❖ ✐♠♠♦rt❛❧ ♦♥❡✱
♦t❤❡r t❤❛♥ ✉s t❤♦✉ ❝❛♥ ❤❛r♠ ✖ ❛♥②✱ ❖ st♦♥❡✲✇✐❡❧❞❡r✱
t❤♦✉ ❝❛♥ ✐♥❞❡❡❞ ❤❛r♠✱ ❖ st♦♥❡✲✇✐❡❧❞❡r✦
✶✶✳ Pr♦t❡❝t ✉s✱ ❖ ❤✐❣❤❧② ♣r❛✐s❡❞ Indra✱ ❢r♦♠ ❛♥ ❡rr♦r✦
❆❧✇❛②s ❥✉st s♦♠❡♦♥❡ ✇❤♦ ❥♦✉r♥❡②s ❛✇❛② ❢r♦♠ ♥♦①✐♦✉s ♠♦♦❞s✱
❬❞❡s♣✐t❡❪ ❜❡✐♥❣ ❛ deva ♦❢ ♥♦①✐♦✉s ♠♦♦❞s✱
❬❜❡❪ ❛ s❧❛②❡r ♦❢ ✈✐❝✐♦✉s ❣✉❛r❞✐♥❣ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡✱
❛ ❞❡❢❡♥❞❡r ♦❢ ✐♥✇❛r❞❧② ❡①❝✐t❡❞ ♦♥❡ ❧✐❦❡ ♠❡✱
s✐♥❝❡ t❤❡♥ t❤❡ ♣r♦❣❡♥✐t♦r s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡❣❡t t❤❡❡✱ ❖ ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧ ♦♥❡✱
✾
❤❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡❣❡t t❤❡❡ ❛s ❞❡str♦②✐♥❣ ❞❡❢❡♥s✐✈❡♥❡ss✱ ❖ ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧ ♦♥❡✦

✼ ♣r♦❜✳ t❤❡ ♣❛✐♥ ♦❢ r❡❥❡❝t✐♦♥✱ ♦❢ ❜❡✐♥❣ s❝♦r♥❡❞ ✖ ♣❡rs♦♥✐✜❡❞

✽ ♥♦①✐♦✉s t❤♦✉❣❤ts ♦❢ ✐♥❛❞❡q✉❛❝②✱ ❡♥✈②✱ s❡❧❢✲❞❡♥✐❣r❛t✐♦♥✱ s❡❧❢✲❞♦✉❜t✱ ❡s❝❛♣✐♥❣
❝♦♥❢r♦♥t❛t✐♦♥✱ ❡t❝✳
✾ ♣r♦❜✳ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ✖ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✹✳✶✼✳✹❛❜
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✳✶✸✵

Paruchepa Daivodasa | ✶✕✾ Atyas..ti✱ ✶✵ Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra

éndra yāhyúpa nah. parāváto

nā´yámáchā vidáthānı̄va sátpatir
ástam . rā´jeva sátpatih. |
hávāmahe tvā vayám .
práyasvantah. suté sácā |
putrā´so ná pitáram . vā´jasātaye
mám his
. .. . t ham v ´
ā jasātaye || 1 ||

pı́bā sómamindra suvānámádribhih.

kóśena siktámavatám . ná vám
. sagas
tātr..sān.ó ná vám
. sagah
. |
mádāya haryatā´ya te
tuvı́s..tamāya dhā´yase |
ā´ tvā yachantu harı́to ná sū´ryam
áhā vı́śveva sū´ryam || 2 ||

ávindaddivó nı́hitam . gúhā nidhı́m

.
vérná gárbham . párivı̄tamáśmany
ananté antáráśmani |
vrajám . vajr´ı̄ gávāmiva
sı́s.āsannáṅgirastamah. |
ápāvr.n.odı́s.a ı́ndrah. párı̄vr.tā
dvā´ra ı́s.ah. párı̄vr.tāh. || 3 ||

dādr.hān.ó vájramı́ndro gábhastyoh.

ks.ádmeva tigmámásanāya sám . śyad
ahihátyāya sám . śyat |
sam . vivyāná ójasā
śávobhirindra majmánā |
tás..teva vr.ks.ám
. vanı́no nı́ vr.ścasi
paraśvéva nı́ vr.ścasi || 4 ||
 ✸✸✺

✶✳ ❖ Indra✱ ❞♦ t❤♦✉✱ ♥♦t t❤✐s ♦♥❡✱ ❥♦✉r♥❡② ❤❡r❡ ✉♣♦♥ ✉s ❢r♦♠ ❛❢❛r✳
❖✈❡rs❡❡r ♦❢ ✇❤❛t✬s r❡❛❧✱ ❬❞♦ t❤♦✉ ❥♦✉r♥❡②❪ ❤♦♠❡
❛s ✐❢ t♦ ❦♥♦✇❧❡❞❣❡✲s❤❛r✐♥❣ s❡ss✐♦♥s✱
❬❜❡✐♥❣❪ ♦✈❡rs❡❡r ♦❢ ✇❤❛t✬s ❬t♦ ❜❡❝♦♠❡❪ r❡❛❧ ❧✐❦❡ ❛ ❝❤✐❡❢t❛✐♥ ❬✐s❪✳
❉✐s♣❡♥s✐♥❣ ❞❡❧✐❣❤ts ✐♥ t❤❡ ♣r❡s❡♥❝❡ ♦❢ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❬Soma❪✱
✇❡ ❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥ t❤❡❡
❧✐❦❡ s♦♥s ❬✉♣♦♥❪ t❤❡ ❢❛t❤❡r ✖ t♦ ♦❜t❛✐♥ t❤❡ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱
❬t❤❡❡✱❪ ♠♦st ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ✖ t♦ ♦❜t❛✐♥ t❤❡ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✳
✷✳ ❉r✐♥❦ ❡✛✉s✐♥❣ t❤r♦✉❣❤ ✉s❡ ♦❢ st♦♥❡s Soma✱ ❖ Indra✱
✶
s♣r✐♥❦❧❡❞ t❤r♦✉❣❤♦✉t s✉❜t❧❡ ❜♦❞②✦
❬❉r✐♥❦❪ ❧✐❦❡ ❛♥ ♦① ❛t ❛ ✇❡❧❧✲s♣r✐♥❣✱ ❧✐❦❡ ❛ t❤✐rst✐♥❣ ♦① ✖
❢♦r t❤② ❞❡❧✐❣❤t❡❞✲✐♥ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t✐♦♥✱
❢♦r str♦♥❣❡st ♥♦✉r✐s❤✐♥❣✳
▲❡t t❤❡♠ r❛✐s❡ t❤❡❡ ❧✐❦❡ ❜❛② ♠❛r❡s ❬r❛✐s❡❪ t❤❡ s✉♥✱
❧✐❦❡ ❛❧❧ ❞❛②s ❬r❛✐s❡❪ t❤❡ s✉♥✳
✖✖
✸✳ ❍❡ ❢♦✉♥❞ s✐t✉❛t❡❞ ✐♥ ❛ s❡❝r❡t ♣❧❛❝❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥✬s r❡❝❡♣t❛❝❧❡✱
❧✐❦❡ ❜✐r❞✬s ❡♠❜r②♦ ❡♥❝❧♦s❡❞ ✐♥ ❛ r♦❝❦❬✲❧✐❦❡ s❤❡❧❧❪✱
❬❡♥❝❧♦s❡❞❪ ✐♥s✐❞❡ ❡t❡r♥❛❧ r♦❝❦❬✲❧✐❦❡ s❤❡❧❧❪ ✳
✷ ✸
❍❡✱ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲✇✐❡❧❞❡r✱ t❤❡ ❜❡st aṅgiras✱
✇✐s❤✐♥❣ t♦ ❣❛✐♥ ❬t❤✐s❪ ❡♥❝❧♦s✉r❡ ❛s ✐❢ t❤❛t ♦❢ ❝♦✇s
❬❤❡✱❪ Indra✱ ✉♥❝♦✈❡r❡❞ ✈❡✐❧❡❞ ❧✐❜❛t✐♦♥s ✱ ✹
❬✉♥❝♦✈❡r❡❞❪ ❣❛t❡s✱ ✈❡✐❧❡❞ ❧✐❜❛t✐♦♥s✳
✹✳ ❍❛✈✐♥❣ ✜r♠❡❞ ✐♥ t❤❡ ❤❛♥❞s t❤❡ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✱
s❤❛r♣ ❛s ❛ ❝❛r✈✐♥❣ ❦♥✐❢❡✱ ❤❡ s❤❛❧❧ ✇❤❡t ❬✐t❪ ❢♦r ❛ s❤♦t✱
❤❡ s❤❛❧❧ ✇❤❡t ❬✐t❪ t♦ s❧❛② t❤❡ s♥❛❦❡✳
❈❧♦t❤❡❞ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱ ✇✐t❤ ♣♦✇❡rs t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱
♠❛❥❡st✐❝❛❧❧②✱ ❖ Indra✱
❧✐❦❡ ❛ ❝❤❛r✐♦t✲❜✉✐❧❞❡r ❛ tr❡❡ ❢r♦♠ ❛ ❢♦r❡st✱
t❤♦✉ ❝✉t ❬t❤❡ s♥❛❦❡❪ ❞♦✇♥✱
❛s ✐❢ ✇✐t❤ ❛♥ ❛① t❤♦✉ ❝✉t ❬t❤❡ s♥❛❦❡❪ ❞♦✇♥✳

✶ ❤❡r❡ ♣r♦❜✳ ❂ ✏r✐❜s✑ ✕ s❡❡ ✾✳✶✳✽✱ ✾✳✷✻✳✺

✷ ♣r♦❜✳ ❥✉st ♣r❡s❡r✈❡❞ ❧♦♥❣ ❛❢t❡r ❞❡❛t❤
✸ t❤❡ s❦✉❧❧
✹ ✐♥♥❡r ✇❛t❡rs
✸✸✻

′
tvám. vŕ.thā nadyà indra sártavé chā
samudrámasr.jo ráthām̃ . iva
vājayató ráthām̃. iva |
itá ūt´ı̄rayuñjata
samānámárthamáks.itam |
dhenū´riva mánave viśvádohaso
jánāya viśvádohasah. || 5 ||

imā´m . te vā´cam. vasūyánta āyávo

rátham . ná dh´ı̄rah. svápā ataks.is.uh.
sumnā´ya tvā´mataks.is.uh. |
śumbhánto jényam . yathā
vā´jes.u vipra vājı́nam |
átyamiva śávase sātáye dhánā
vı́śvā dhánāni sātáye || 6 ||

bhinátpúro navatı́mindra pūráve

dı́vodāsāya máhi dāśús.e nr.to
vájren.a dāśús.e nr.to |
atithigvā´ya śámbaram .
girérugró ávābharat |
mahó dhánāni dáyamāna ójasā
vı́śvā dhánānyójasā || 7 ||

ı́ndrah. samátsu yájamānamā´ryam .

prā´vadvı́śves.u śatámūtirājı́s.u
svàrmı̄..dhes.vājı́s.u |
mánave śā´sadavratā´ntvácam . kr..sn.ā´marandhayat |
dáks.anná vı́śvam . tatr..sān.ámos.ati
nyàrśasānámos.ati || 8 ||
 ✸✸✼

✺✳ ❚❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❛t ✇✐❧❧ ❧❡t ❣♦ ✖ ❛s ✐❢ ❝❤❛r✐♦ts ✖

t❤❡ str❡❛♠s t♦ ✢♦✇ t♦✇❛r❞s t❤❡ s❡❛
❛s ✐❢ ❡♠♣❧♦②✐♥❣✲❛✲r✉s❤✲♦❢✲✈✐❣♦✉r ❝❤❛r✐♦ts✳
❍❡♥❝❡ t❤❡② ❤❛r♥❡ss❡❞ ❬t❤②❪ s✐❞❡✲❡✛❡❝ts
t♦ t❤❡ s❛♠❡ ✐♥❡①❤❛✉st✐❜❧❡ ❝❛✉s❡✱
❬❤❛r♥❡ss❡❞ ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❤❡❧♣✐♥❣ ✇❤✐❝❤✱❪ ❧✐❦❡ ♠✐❧❝❤✲❝♦✇s✱
❬❛r❡❪ ②✐❡❧❞✐♥❣ ❛❧❧ t❤✐♥❣s t♦ ❛♥ ✐♥t❡❧❧✐❣❡♥t ♠❛♥✱
②✐❡❧❞✐♥❣ ❛❧❧ t❤✐♥❣s t♦ ❬❛♥②❪ ♣❡rs♦♥✳
✻✳ ❙❡❡❦✐♥❣ ✇❤❛t✬s ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧ ❛❣✐t❛t❡❞ ❬♠❡♥❪ ❢❛s❤✐♦♥❡❞ ❢♦r t❤❡❡
t❤✐s s♣❡❡❝❤ ❧✐❦❡ ❛♥ ✐♥t❡❧❧✐❣❡♥t ❛rt✐✜❝❡r ❛ ❝❤❛r✐♦t✱
❢♦r ❜❡♥❡✈♦❧❡♥t st❛t❡ ♦❢ ♠✐♥❞ t❤❡② ❢❛s❤✐♦♥❡❞ t❤❡❡✱
r❡✐♥❢♦r❝✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡❡✱❪ ❖ ✐♥✇❛r❞❧② ❡①❝✐t❡❞ ♦♥❡✱ ❞✉r✐♥❣ r✉s❤❡s ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦r
❧✐❦❡ ❬t❤❡② r❡✐♥❢♦r❝❡❪ ❝❛♣❛❜❧❡ ♦❢ ❛ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r t❤♦r♦✉❣❤❜r❡❞
t♦ ❡♠♣♦✇❡r ❬❤✐♠❪ t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡ ❬t❤❡ ✐♥t❡♥s✐t② ♦❢ ❡✛♦rts❪ ✖
❬t♦ s♣✉r❪ ❝♦✉rs❡r ✐♥ ♦r❞❡r t♦ ❣❛✐♥ ♣r✐③❡s✱
✐♥ ♦r❞❡r t♦ ❣❛✐♥ ❛❧❧ ♣r✐③❡s✳
✼✳ ❍❡✱ ❖ Indra✱ s❤❛❧❧ ♣✐❡r❝❡ ♥✐♥❡t② ✇❛❧❧s ❢♦r ❛ ❝♦♠♠♦♥❡r✳
❋♦r ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡r Divodāsa✱ ❖ ❞❛♥❝❡r✱
❬t❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ ♣✐❡r❝❡❪ ♠✐❣❤t② ❬Vr.tra❪
✇✐t❤ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t ✖ ❢♦r ❬t❤❛t❪ ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡r✱ ❖ ❞❛♥❝❡r✦
❋♦r Atithigva ❤❡✱ ❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s✱
❜r♦✉❣❤t ❞♦✇♥ Śambara ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ♠♦✉♥t❛✐♥✱
✈✐❣♦r♦✉s❧② ✐♠♣❛rt✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♣r✐③❡s ♦❢ ❬t❤❛t❪ ♠✐❣❤t② ♦♥❡✱
✈✐❣♦r♦✉s❧② ❬✐♠♣❛rt✐♥❣❪ ❛❧❧ ♣r✐③❡s✳
✽✳ ■♥ ❝❧❛s❤❡s Indra ♣r♦♠♦t❡❞ ❝♦♥❞✉❝t✐♥❣✲✉♣✇❛r❞s s❛❝r✐✜❝❡r✱
❬Indra✱❪ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❤❡❧♣✐♥❣✱
❬♣r♦♠♦t❡❞ s✉❝❤ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡r❪ ✐♥ ❛❧❧ ✜❣❤t✐♥❣ ♠❛t❝❤❡s ✖
❬❛♥❞❪ ✐♥ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ svàr✲❛s✲t❤❡✲♣r✐③❡ ✜❣❤t✐♥❣ ♠❛t❝❤❡s✳
❈♦♥tr♦❧❧✐♥❣ ❢♦r ❛♥ ✐♥t❡❧❧✐❣❡♥t ♠❛♥ t❤♦s❡ ✇❤✐❝❤ ❛r❡ ✉♥❝♦♥str❛✐♥❡❞✱
❤❡ ♠❛❞❡ t❤❡ ❞❛r❦ ✈❡✐❧ s✉❜❞✉❡❞✳
❆s s♦♠❡♦♥❡ ❛❝t✐♥❣ ❡①♣❡rt❧②✱ ❤❡ ❜✉r♥s ❡✈❡r② t❤✐rst✐♥❣ ❬❞❡s✐r❡❪✱
❤❡ ❜✉r♥s s❡❡❦✐♥❣✲t♦✲❤❛r♠ ♦♥❡✳
✸✸✽

sū´raścakrám. prá vr.hajjātá ójasā

prapitvé vā´camarun.ó mus.āyatı̄sśāná
ā´ mus.āyati |
uśánā yátparāvátó ′jagann
ūtáye kave |
sumnā´ni vı́śvā mánus.eva turván.ir
áhā vı́śveva turván.ih. || 9 ||

sá no návyebhirvr..sakarmannuktháıh.
púrām ´. |
. dartah. pāyúbhih. pāhi śagmaıh
divodāsébhirindra stávāno
vāvr.dhı̄thā´ áhobhiriva dyauh
´ . || 10 ||
 ✸✸✾

✾✳ ❚❤❡ ✐♥❝✐t❡r✱ ✈✐❣♦r♦✉s❧② ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❡❞✱ s❤❛❧❧ ✜rst t❡❛r t❤❡ ✇❤❡❡❧ ✳ ✺

■❢ ❬♦♥❡ ✐s❪ ✐♥ ❤❛st❡✱ ❤❡✱ ❣✐✈✐♥❣ ❛ ❝❤❛♥❝❡ ❬t♦ t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡❪
t♦ ♠♦✈❡ ✉♣✇❛r❞s✱ ❝❛rr✐❡s ❛✇❛② s♣❡❡❝❤ ✱ ✻
❝❛♣❛❜❧❡ ♦❢ ❬✐t❪✱ ❤❡ ❝❛rr✐❡rs ❬✐t❪ ♦✛ ❤❡r❡✳
❲❤❡♥ Uśanas ❝❛♠❡ ❢r♦♠ ❛❢❛r t♦ ❤❡❧♣✱
❖ ❣✐❢t❡❞ ✇✐t❤ ✐♥s✐❣❤t ♦♥❡✱
❬❤❡✱ t❤❡ ✐♥❝✐t❡r✱❪ ✇✐t❤ s♦♠❡ ❤❡❧♣ ♦❢ t❤❡ ♠❛♥ ✱ ✼
❬✇❛s❪ ♦✈❡r♣♦✇❡r✐♥❣ ❛❧❧ ❜❡♥❡✈♦❧❡♥t t❤♦✉❣❤ts✱
♦✈❡r♣♦✇❡r✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡♠❪ ❛❧♠♦st ❡✈❡r② ❞❛②✳
✖✖
✶✵✳ ❇❡✐♥❣ s✉❝❤✱ ❖ ❛❝t✐♥❣ ❧✐❦❡ ❛ ❜✉❧❧ ♦♥❡✱
t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ♥❡✇ r❡❝✐t❡❞ ✈❡rs❡s✱
✇✐t❤ ❝❛♣❛❜❧❡ ❣✉❛r❞s✱ ❞♦ ♣r♦t❡❝t ✉s✱ ❖ ❜r❡❛❦❡r ♦❢ str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞s✦
❇❡✐♥❣ ❡①t♦❧❧❡❞ ❜② Divodāsa✲s✱ ❖ Indra✱
t❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ ❣r♦✇ str♦♥❣❡r ❛s t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ❬❣r♦✇s str♦♥❣❡r❪
✽
t❤r♦✉❣❤♦✉t ❬②✐❡❧❞✐♥❣✲r❡s✉❧ts ❪ ❞❛②s✳
✾

✺ ♣r♦❜✳ ✏s❡q✉❡♥❝❡ ♦❢ ❤❛❜✐t✉❛❧ r❡❛❝t✐♦♥s t♦ ✈❛r✐♦✉s st✐♠✉❧✐✑

✻ ✏❝❛rr✐❡s ❛✇❛② s♣❡❡❝❤✑ ♣r♦❜✳ ❂ ✏♠❛❦❡s ♦♥❡ s♣❡❡❝❤❧❡ss✑ ❂ ✏❡♥❞s ✐♥♥❡r ❞✐❛✲
❧♦❣✉❡✑✱ ♦r✱ ✏st♦♣s ✐♠♣✉❧s✐✈❡ s❤♦✉t✐♥❣✱ ❝✉rs✐♥❣✱ ❡t❝✳✑
✼ Uśanas
✽ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❢❛❝✉❧t✐❡s
✾ krtvya
.
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✳✶✸✶

Paruchepa Daivodasa | Atyas..ti | t♦ Indra

ı́ndrāya hı́ dyaurásuro

´ ánamnaténdrāya
mah´ı̄ pr.thiv´ı̄ várı̄mabhir
dyumnásātā várı̄mabhih. |
ı́ndram . vı́śve sajós.aso
devā´so dadhire puráh. |
ı́ndrāya vı́śvā sávanāni mā´nus.ā
rātā´ni santu mā´nus.ā || 1 ||

vı́śves.u hı́ tvā sávanes.u tuñjáte

samānámékam . vŕ..saman.yavah. pŕ.thak
svàh. sanis.yávah. pŕ.thak |
tám . tvā nā´vam . ná pars.án.im
.
śūs.ásya dhurı́ dhı̄mahi |
ı́ndram . ná yajñaıścitáyanta
´ āyáva
stómebhirı́ndramāyávah. || 2 ||

vı́ tvā tatasre mithunā´ avasyávo

vrajásya sātā´ gávyasya nih.sŕ.jah.
sáks.anta indra nih.sŕ.jah. |
yádgavyántā dvā´ jánā
svàryántā samū´hasi |
āvı́s.kárikradvŕ..san.am
. sacābhúvam .
vájramindra sacābhúvam || 3 ||

vidús..te asyá vı̄ryàsya pūrávah.

púro yádindra śā´radı̄ravā´tirah.
sāsahānó avā´tirah. |
śā´sastámindra mártyam
áyajyum . śavasaspate |
mah´ı̄mamus.n.āh. pr.thiv´ı̄mimā´ apó
mandasāná imā´ apáh. || 4 ||
 ✸✹✶

✶✳ ❚♦ Indra t❤❡ asura ❍❡❛✈❡♥ s✉❜♠✐tt❡❞ ❤✐♠s❡❧❢✱

t♦ Indra t❤❡ ♠✐❣❤t② ❊❛rt❤ ❬s✉❜♠✐tt❡❞❪ ✇✐t❤ ❬❤❡r❪ ❡①♣❛♥s❡s✱
❛t ❬❤✐s❪ ♦❜t❛✐♥✐♥❣ ♣♦✇❡rs t♦ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t❡
❬s❤❡ s✉❜♠✐tt❡❞❪ ✇✐t❤ ❬❤❡r❪ ❡①♣❛♥s❡s✳
❆❧❧ ❛❝t✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❤❛r♠♦♥② ✇✐t❤ ❡❛❝❤ ♦t❤❡r deva✲s
❤❛s ♣✉t Indra ✐♥ ❢r♦♥t ✖
❬❧❡t❪ ❛❧❧ ❬Soma❪ ♣r❡ss✐♥❣s ❜② ❬t❤✐s❪ ♠❛♥ ❜❡ t♦ Indra✱
❬♣r❡ss✐♥❣s❪ ♦✛❡r❡❞ ❜② ❬t❤✐s❪ ♠❛♥✳
✷✳ ❙✐♥❝❡ ❛t ❛❧❧ ♣r❡ss✐♥❣s ♦♥❡ ❜r✐♥❣s t♦ ❢♦r❡ t❤❡❡✱
❬✐t ✐s t❤❡❡✱❪ ♦♥❡ ❛♥❞ t❤❡ s❛♠❡✱ ❬✇❡✱❪ ✇❤♦ ❤❛✈❡ t❤❡ r❛❣❡ ♦❢ ❛ ❜✉❧❧✱
❬❜r✐♥❣ t♦ ❢♦r❡❪ s❡♣❛r❡t❡❧②✱
s❡♣❛r❛t❡❧② s❡❡❦✐♥❣ t♦ ♦❜t❛✐♥ svàr✳
❙✉❝❤ t❤❡❡ ✇❡ s❤❛❧❧ s❡t✉♣
❛t t❤❡ ❝❤❛r✐♦t✲♣♦❧❡ ♦❢ ❤✐❣❤s♣✐r✐t❡❞ ❬♠❛♥✐❝ t❤♦✉❣❤t❪ ✖ ✶
❛s ❛ ❝❛rr②✐♥❣ ❛❝r♦ss ❜♦❛t ✖
❬✇❡✱❪ ❛❣✐t❛t❡❞✱ ♠❛❦✐♥❣ Indra t♦ ❛tt❡♥❞ ♥♦t ✇✐t❤ ✜r❡ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣s✱
❛❣✐t❛t❡❞✱ ❬✇❡ ♠❛❦❡❪ Indra ❬t♦ ❛tt❡♥❞❪ ✇✐t❤ ❤②♠♥s ♦❢ ♣r❛✐s❡✳
✸✳ ❙❡❡❦✐♥❣ ❤❡❧♣ ♣❛✐rs ❤❛✈❡ t✉❣❣❡❞ t❤❡❡ ✐♥ ♦♣♣♦s✐t❡ ❞✐r❡❝t✐♦♥s
❧❡tt✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡♠ ❪ ♦✉t ✷
❛t ✇✐♥♥✐♥❣ r❡❧❛t❡❞ t♦ ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s ❡♥❝❧♦s✉r❡✳ ✸
▲❡tt✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡♠❪ ♦✉t ❬t❤❡② ❛r❡❪ ♦✈❡r♣♦✇❡r✐♥❣ ❬Vr.tra❪✱
✇❤❡♥ t❤♦✉ ❜r✐♥❣ t♦❣❡t❤❡r t✇♦ ♣❡rs♦♥s ♠❛✐♥t❛✐♥✐♥❣ svàr
❬❜✉t❪ ❞❡s✐r✐♥❣ ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s ✱ ✹
❬✇❤✐❧❡❪ r❡♣❡❛t❡❞❧② ♠❛❦✐♥❣ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st
❜✉❧❧✐s❤ ❝♦♥❝✉rr❡♥t ❬✇✐t❤ t❤❡❡❪ ♦♥❡ ✖
❝♦♥❝✉rr❡♥t ❬✇✐t❤ t❤❡❡❪ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✱ ❖ Indra✳
✹✳ ❈♦♠♠♦♥❡rs ❤❛✈❡ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❛❝q✉❛✐♥t❡❞ ✇✐t❤ t❤✐s t❤② ✈❛❧♦r✱
✇❤❡♥ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❞❡❣r❛❞❡❞ ❛✉t✉♠♥❛❧ str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞s✱
♦✈❡r❝♦♠✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡♠❪ ❛❣❛✐♥ ❛♥❞ ❛❣❛✐♥ t❤♦✉ ❞❡❣r❛❞❡❞ ❬t❤❡♠❪✳
❚❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ ❤❛♠str✐♥❣ t❤❛t ♠♦rt❛❧
✺
❬✇❤♦ ✐s❪ ♥♦t s❡❡❦✐♥❣ t♦ ♠❛❦❡ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣s✱
❖ ♠❛st❡r ♦❢ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✦
❚❤♦✉ ❞❡♣r✐✈❡❞ ❬❤✐s❪ ♠✐❣❤t② ❊❛rt❤ ♦❢ t❤❡s❡ ✇❛t❡rs
❡①❛❧t✐♥❣ ❬t❤♦✉ ❞❡♣r✐✈❡❞❪ ❬✐t❪ ♦❢ t❤❡s❡ ✇❛t❡rs✳
✶ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✶✳✶✺✹✳✸❀ ❛❧t❡r♥❛t✐✈❡❧② ✐t ♠✐❣❤t ❜❡ ✏❛ ♠✐♥❞s❡t✑ ♦r sumna ❛s
✐♥ ✽✳✸✳✷❞
✷ t❤❡ ❤②♠♥s ♦❢ ♣r❛✐s❡
✸ ❧✐t✳ ✏❝♦✇s✑
✹ ❧✐t✳ ✏❝♦✇s✑
✺ ❧✐t✳ ✏r❡str❛✐♥✑
✸✹✷

ā´dı́tte asyá vı̄ryàsya carkiran

mádes.u vr..sannuśı́jo yádā´vitha
sakhı̄yató yádā´vitha |
cakártha kārámebhyah.
pŕ.tanāsu právantave |
té anyā´manyām . nadyàm. sanis.n.ata
śravasyántah. sanis.n.ata || 5 ||

utó no asyā´ us.áso jus.éta hyàrkásya

bodhi havı́s.o hávı̄mabhih.
svàrs.ātā hávı̄mabhih. |
yádindra hántave mŕ.dho
vŕ..sā vajriñcı́ketasi |
ā´ me asyá vedháso návı̄yaso
mánma śrudhi návı̄yasah. || 6 ||

tvám . támindra vāvr.dhānó asmayúr

amitrayántam . tuvijāta mártyam
.
vájren.a śūra mártyam |
jahı́ yó no aghāyáti
śr.n.us.vá suśrávastamah. |
ris..tám. ná yā´mannápa bhūtu durmatı́r
vı́śvā´pa bhūtu durmatı́h. || 7 ||
 ✸✹✸

✺✳ ❖♥❧② ❛❢t❡r t❤❡② ✇♦✉❧❞ r❡♣❡❛t❡❞❧② s♣❡❛❦ ❤✐❣❤❧②

♦❢ t❤✐s t❤② ♠❛♥❧② ✈❛❧♦r✱
t❤❡♥ t❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ❢❛✈♦✉r❡❞ ✐♥ ❬t❤②❪ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t✐♦♥s
str✐✈✐♥❣ ❡❛r♥❡st❧② ♦♥❡s✱ ❖ ❜✉❧❧✱
t❤❡♥ t❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ❢❛✈♦✉r❡❞ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ ❬t❤②❪ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s❤✐♣ ♦♥❡s✳
❚❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ♣❡r❢♦r♠❡❞ t❤❡ ❞❡❝✐s✐✈❡ ❛❝t✐♦♥ ❢♦r t❤❡s❡
t♦ ❣❛✐♥ ❛❞✈❛♥t❛❣❡ ✐♥ ❜❛tt❧❡s✳
❚❤❡② ❦❡♣t ♦❜t❛✐♥✐♥❣ ♦♥❡ r✐✈❡r ❛❢t❡r ❛♥♦t❤❡r✱
❡♠♣❧♦②✐♥❣ ❛✉❞✐t♦r② ✐♠♣r❡ss✐♦♥s t❤❡② ❦❡♣t ♦❜t❛✐♥✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡♠❪✳
✻✳ ❆♥❞ ♥♦✇✱ s✐♥❝❡ ♦♥❡ ♠✐❣❤t ❤❛✈❡ ❡♥❥♦②❡❞ t❤✐s ❞❛✇♥✱
♦❢ ♦✉r ❤②♠♥ ♦❢ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t✐♦♥✱ ❬❛♥❞❪ ♦❢ ❜✉r♥t ♦✛❡r✐♥❣
❞♦ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❛✇❛r❡ ✖ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ✐♥✈♦❝❛t✐♦♥s✱
❞✉r✐♥❣ ❣❛✐♥✐♥❣ svàr ❬❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❛✇❛r❡❪ ✖ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ✐♥✈♦❝❛t✐♦♥s✦
■❢ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❜❡✐♥❣ ❛ ❜✉❧❧✱ ✐♥ ♦r❞❡r t♦ ✇❛r❞ ♦✛ ✐♥❤✐❜✐t✐♦♥s
✇❡r❡ t♦ ♥♦t✐❝❡ ❬s✉❝❤ ✐♥✈♦❝❛t✐♦♥s❪✱ ❖ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲✇✐❡❧❞❡r✱
❞♦ ❤❡❛r ❬t❤❛t❪ ♦❢ ♠❡✱ ♦❢ t❤✐s ♥❡✇ ❛❞❡♣t✱
❞♦ ❤❡❛r t❤❡ ♠❛♥✐❝ t❤♦✉❣❤t ♦❢ t❤❡ ♥❡✇ ❬❛❞❡♣t❪✦
✼✳ ❚❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❡♥❞❡❛✈♦r✐♥❣ t♦ ❛tt❛✐♥ ✉s✱ ❜❡❝♦♠✐♥❣ str♦♥❣❡r✱
❬s❧❛②❪✱ ❖ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❡❞✲♦❢t❡♥ ♦♥❡✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❤♦st✐❧❡ ✐♥t❡♥t✐♦♥s ♠♦rt❛❧
✇✐t❤ t❤❡ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✱ ❖ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱ ❬s❧❛② t❤❛t❪ ♠♦rt❛❧
✇❤♦ ✐s ✐♥t❡♥❞✐♥❣ t♦ ✐♥❥✉r❡ ✉s✦ ❆❜♦✉♥❞✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❣❧♦r②✱ ❞♦ ❧✐st❡♥✦
❆s ❛ ❜r♦❦❡♥ ♦♥ ❛ ❥♦✉r♥❡② ❬✇❤❡❡❧❪✱
♠❛② ❬t❤✐s❪ ♥♦①✐♦✉s ♠♦♦❞ ❜❡ ❛❜s❡♥t✱
♠❛② ❡✈❡r② ♥♦①✐♦✉s ♠♦♦❞ ❜❡ ❛❜s❡♥t✦
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✳✶✸✷

Paruchepa Daivodasa | Atyas..ti | t♦ Indra

tváyā vayám. maghavanpū´rvye dhána

ı́ndratvotāh. sāsahyāma pr.tanyató
vanuyā´ma vanus.yatáh. |
nédis..the asmı́nnáhanyádhi
vocā nú sunvaté |
asmı́nyajñé vı́ cayemā bháre kr.tám
.
vājayánto bháre kr.tám || 1 ||

svarjes.é bhára āprásya vákmanyus.arbúdhah.

svásminnáñjasi
krān.ásya svásminnáñjasi |
áhannı́ndro yáthā vidé
śı̄rs.n.ā´śı̄rs.n.opavā´cyah. |
asmatrā´ te sadhryàksantu rātáyo bhadrā´
bhadrásya rātáyah. || 2 ||

táttú práyah. pratnáthā te śuśukvanám

.
yásminyajñé vā´ramákr.n.vata ks.áyam
.rtásya vā´rasi ks.áyam |
vı́ tádvocerádha dvitā´ntáh.
paśyanti raśmı́bhih. |
sá ghā vide ánvı́ndro gavés.an.o
bandhuks.ı́dbhyo gavés.an.ah. || 3 ||

nū´ itthā´ te pūrváthā ca pravā´cyam.

yádáṅgirobhyó ′vr.n.orápa vrajám
ı́ndra śı́ks.annápa vrajám |
áıbhyah. samānyā´ diśā´smábhyam . jes.i yótsi ca |
sunvádbhyo randhayā kám . cidavratám .
hr.n.āyántam . cidavratám || 4 ||
 ✸✹✺

✶✳ ❚♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡✱ ✐♥ t❤❡ ♣r❡✈✐♦✉s ❝♦♥t❡st

✇❡✱ ❤❡❧♣❡❞ ❜② t❤❡ ❛❜✐❧✐t② t♦ ❜❡ ✐♥ t❤❡ st❛t❡ ♦❢ Indra✱
✇❡ ✇❡r❡ ❛❜❧❡ t♦ ♦✈❡r♣♦✇❡r t❤♦s❡ ✇❤♦ ❛ss❛✐❧❡❞ ❬✉s❪✳
❲❡ ♠✐❣❤t ❬❡✈❡♥❪ ♣❧❛❝❡ ✇✐t❤✐♥ r❡❛❝❤ t❤♦s❡
✇❤♦ ❛r❡ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ t♦ ♣❧❛❝❡ ❬✉s❪ ✇✐t❤✐♥ ❬t❤❡✐r❪ r❡❛❝❤✳
✶
❆t t❤❡ ✈❡r② ♥❡①t ❬❝♦♥t❡st❪ ♦♥ t❤✐s ✈❡r② ❞❛②
❞♦ t❤♦✉ s♣❡❛❦ ✐♥ ❢❛✈♦✉r ♦❢ ❥✉st ♣r❡ss✐♥❣ ❬Soma❪ ♦♥❡✦
❆t t❤✐s ✜r❡ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣ ✇❡ ♠✐❣❤t ❞✐s♣❡rs❡
✇❤❛t ✇❛s ❞♦♥❡
✷ ❞✉r✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❝♦♥t❡st
❬✇❡✱❪ ❡♠♣❧♦②✐♥❣ ❛ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r ❞✉r✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❝♦♥t❡st
❬♠✐❣❤t ❞✐s♣❡rs❡❪ ✇❤❛t ✇❛s ❞♦♥❡✳
✷✳ ❉✉r✐♥❣ ✢✉rr② ♦❢ ✇♦r❞s ♦❢ ❣❡tt✐♥❣✲❛t✲❬♦♣♣♦♥❡♥t❪ ❬❞✐s♣✉t❡❪
❛t ❛ ❝♦♥t❡st ❢♦r ❣❛✐♥✐♥❣ svàr✱
❞✉r✐♥❣ ♦♥❡✬s ♦✇♥ ❞❛❜ ♦❢ t❤❛t ✇❤✐❝❤ ❛✇❛❦❡♥s ❬♦♥❡❪ ❛t ❞❛✇♥✱
❞✉r✐♥❣ ♦♥❡✬s ♦✇♥ ❞❛❜ ♦❢ ❜❡✐♥❣ ♣r❡♣❛r❡❞ ♦♥❡ ✱
✸
❞✉r✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❬❡♥t✐r❡❪ ❞❛② Indra ❬❤❛s❪ t♦ ❜❡ r♦✉s❡❞
✐♥ t❤❡ ❦♥♦✇♥ ♠❛♥♥❡r ❜② ❡❛❝❤ ❛♥❞ ❡✈❡r② ❤❡❛❞✳
✏▼❛② t❤② ❧❡❛❞✐♥❣ ✐♥ t❤❡ r✐❣❤t ❞✐r❡❝t✐♦♥ ❣✐❢ts ❜❡ ✇✐t❤ ✉s✱
❛✉s♣✐❝✐♦✉s ❣✐❢ts ♦❢ ❛♥ ❛✉s♣✐❝✐♦✉s ♦♥❡✦✑
✸✳ ✏◆♦✇✱ ❛s ✐♥ ♦❧❞ t✐♠❡s✱ ❬❤❡r❡ ✐s❪ t❤❡ s❤✐♥✐♥❣ ❞❡❧✐❣❤t
✹ ❢♦r t❤❡❡✳
❆t ❛ ✜r❡ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣ ❞✉r✐♥❣ ✇❤✐❝❤
t❤❡② ♠❛❞❡ t❤r❡❛❞s
✺ ❬♦❢ ✇♦♦❧❡♥ ✜❧t❡r❪ ❬t❤❡✐r❪ ❛❜♦❞❡✱
t❤♦✉ ❛r❡ ❛ ♣♦♥❞ ♦❢ .rta ❬t❤❡② ♠❛❞❡❪ ❬t❤❡✐r❪ ❛❜♦❞❡✳✑
❚❤♦✉ t❤❡♥ ❝❛♥ ❝❡rt❛✐♥❧② ❡①♣❧❛✐♥ ❬t❤❡ ♣❤r❛s❡❪
✏❚❤❡② ❧♦♦❦ ✐♥s✐❞❡ ✉s✐♥❣ ❬t❤♦s❡ t❤r❡❛❞s ❛s❪ r❛②s ❬♦❢ ❧✐❣❤t❪✳✑
❆t ❧❡❛st ♦♥❡ ❤❛s ❞✐s❝♦✈❡r❡❞
❬t❤❛t❪ Indra ❬✐s❪ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ ✐♥s♣✐r✐♥❣ ✇♦r❞s✱
❢♦r t❤♦s❡ ✇❤♦ ❞✇❡❧❧ ✇✐t❤ r❡❧❛t✐✈❡s ❬❤❡ ✐s❪ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ ✐♥s♣✐r✐♥❣ ✇♦r❞s✳
✹✳ ❬❚❤✐s ✐s❪ t♦ ❜❡ ♠❡♥t✐♦♥❡❞ ♦❢ t❤❡❡
❬t❤❛t ✐s❪ ✐♥❞❡❡❞ ♥♦✇ ❛♥❞ ❛s ❬✐t ✇❛s❪ ✐♥ ♦❧❞ t✐♠❡s ✖
t❤❛t t❤♦✉ ✉♥❝♦✈❡r❡❞ ❢♦r aṅgiras✲❡s t❤❡ ❡♥❝❧♦s✉r❡✱
❡①❡rt✐♥❣ t❤②s❡❧❢✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❬t❤♦✉❪ ✉♥✲❬❝♦✈❡r❡❞❪ t❤❡ ❡♥❝❧♦s✉r❡✳
❉♦ t❤♦✉ ✜❣❤t ❛♥❞ ✇✐♥ ❢♦r ✉s ❬❛s t❤♦✉ ❞✐❞❪ ❢♦r t❤❡s❡✦
▼❛❦❡ s✉❜❥❡❝t t♦ ♣r❡ss✐♥❣ ❬Soma❪ ♦♥❡
❛♥② ♥♦t✲❢♦❧❧♦✇✐♥❣ s♣✐r✐t✉❛❧ ♣r❛❝t✐❝❡s ♦♥❡✱
❡✈❡♥ ✇r❛t❤❢✉❧ ♦♥❡ ❬❜✉t❪ ♥♦t✲❢♦❧❧♦✇✐♥❣ s♣✐r✐t✉❛❧ ♣r❛❝t✐❝❡s✦

✶ t❤❡s❡ t✇♦ ❧✐♥❡s ❛r❡ ❛❧♠♦st t❤❡ s❛♠❡ ❛s ✽✳✹✵✳✼❞❡

✷ ❛ttr✐❜✉t✐♦♥ ♦❢ s✉❝❝❡ss t♦ ♦♥❡✬s s❡❧❢✱ str♦❦✐♥❣ ♦♥❡✬s ❡❣♦
✸ ❡①tr❛❝t ♦❢ Soma
✹ ❡①tr❛❝t ♦❢ Soma
✺ s♣✐♥❛❧ ♥❡r✈❡s
✸✹✻

sám. yájjánānkrátubhih. śū´ra ı̄ks.áyaddháne

hité tarus.anta śravasyávah.
prá yaks.anta śravasyávah. |
tásmā ā´yuh. prajā´vadı́d
bā´dhe arcantyójasā |
ı́ndra okyàm . didhis.anta dhı̄táyo
devā´m̃
. áchā ná dhı̄táyah. || 5 ||

yuvám . támindrāparvatā puroyúdhā

yó nah. pr.tanyā´dápa tám . tamı́ddhatam
.
vájren.a tám. tamı́ddhatam |
dūré cattā´ya chantsad
gáhanam . yádı́naks.at |
asmā´kam . śátrūnpári śūra viśváto
darmā´ dars.ı̄s..ta viśvátah. || 6 ||
 ✸✹✼

✺✳ ❲❤❡♥ t❤❡ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡ ❜② ❬✈❛r✐♦✉s❪ ❞❡s✐❣♥s

♠❛❦❡s ♣❡♦♣❧❡ s❡❡ ❤✐♠✱
✐♥ ❛♥ ❛rr❛♥❣❡❞ ❝♦♥t❡st t❤❡②✱ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ ❛✉❞✐t♦r② ✐♠♣r❡ss✐♦♥✱
❛tt❛✐♥ ❬t❤❡✐r❪ ❛✐♠✱
s❡❡❦✐♥❣ ❛✉❞✐t♦r② ✐♠♣r❡ss✐♦♥✱ t❤❡② s❤❛❧❧ ❝r♦ss ❬♦✈❡r ❞❛♥❣❡rs❪✳
■♥ ❛ ❞✐str❡ss✱ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ s♣❡❡❝❤
t❤❡② ✈✐❣♦r♦✉s❧② ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t❡ t♦ ❤✐♠
❥✉st t❤❡ ♣r♦❧✐✜❝ ✈✐t❛❧ ♣♦✇❡r✳
❖ Indra✱ st❛❜❧❡ ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥s str✐✈❡ ❛❢t❡r ❬t❤❡❡❪
❬❛s ❛❢t❡r ❛❪ r❡❢✉❣❡
❛s st❛❜❧❡ ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥s ❬str✐✈❡❪ ❛❢t❡r deva✲s✳
✻✳ ❍✐♠✱ ✇❤♦ ✇♦✉❧❞ ✜❣❤t ✉s✱ ❞♦ ②♦✉ t✇♦✱ ❖ Indra ❛♥❞ ✏▼♦✉♥t❛✐♥✑✱
❜❡✐♥❣ t✇♦ ✇❛rr✐♦rs ❬✇❤♦ ❛r❡ st❛♥❞✐♥❣❪ ✐♥ ❢r♦♥t✱
t❤❛t ✈❡r② ♦♥❡ r❡♣❡❧✱
✇✐t❤ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t t❤❛t ✈❡r② ♦♥❡ ❞♦ r❡♣❡❧✦
■❢ ♦♥❡ s❡❡❦s t♦ ❛tt❛✐♥ ✇❤❛t ✐s ❞✐✣❝✉❧t t♦ ✉♥❞❡rst❛♥❞✱
✐t
✻ ✇♦✉❧❞ s❤♦✇ ✐ts❡❧❢ ❬❛s ❛ ✢❛s❤ ♦❢ ✐♥s✐❣❤t❪
t♦ ✇❤❛t ✇❛s ❤✐❞❞❡♥ ❢❛r ❛✇❛②✳
❬❆♥♥✐❤✐❧❛t❡❪ ♦✉r ❡♥❡♠✐❡s ♦♥ ❛❧❧ s✐❞❡s✱ ❖ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱
❧❡t t❤❡ ❞❡♠♦❧✐s❤❡r ❜r❡❛❦ ❬t❤❡♠❪ ♦♥ ❛❧❧ s✐❞❡s✦

✻ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✳✶✸✸

Paruchepa Daivodasa | Tris..tubh✱ ✷✕✹ Anus..tubh✱ ✻ Dhr.ti✱ ✼ Atyas..ti

| t♦ Indra

ubhé punāmi ródası̄ .rténa

drúho dahāmi sám. mah´ı̄ranindrā´h. |
abhivlágya yátra hatā´ amı́trā
. pári tr...dhā´ áśeran || 1 ||
vailasthānám

abhivlágyā cidadrivah. śı̄rs.ā´ yātumátı̄nām |

chindhı́ vat.ūrı́n.ā padā´ mahā´vat.ūrin.ā padā´ || 2 ||

. maghavañjahi śárdho yātumátı̄nām |

ávāsām
vailasthānaké armaké mahā´vailasthe armaké || 3 ||

yā´sām ′
. tisráh. pañcāśáto bhivlaṅgaırap
´ ā´vapah. |
tátsú te manāyati takátsú te manāyati || 4 ||

piśáṅgabhr..s.timambhr.n.ám. piśā´cimindra sám

. mr.n.a |
sárvam . ráks . o nı́ barhaya || 5 ||
 ✸✹✾

✶✳ ■ ♣✉r✐❢② ❜♦t❤ Rodas✲❡s ✇✐t❤ .rta✱

■ ❝♦♠♣❧❡t❡❧② s❝♦r❝❤ ♣♦t❡♥t ❬❜✉t❪ ❧❛❝❦✐♥❣ Indra ❤✉rts
✇❤❡r❡✐♥ s❧❛✐♥ ❤♦st✐❧❡s✱ ❣r❛s♣✐♥❣ ❬❛❢t❡r ❜♦t❤ Rodas✲❡s❪✱
❧❛✐❞ ❞♦✇♥ ❝r✉s❤❡❞ ❛r♦✉♥❞ t❤❡ ❜♦❞②✲♣✐t✳
✷✳ ❆❧s♦✱ ❣r❛s♣✐♥❣ ❬t❤♦s❡❪✱ ❞♦ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ st♦♥❡✲✇✐❡❧❞❡r✱ ❝✉t ♦✛
t❤❡ t♦♣s ♦❢ t❤♦s❡ ❬❤✉rts❪ t❤❛t ❛r❡ ♣♦ss❡ss✐♥❣ ♦❢ ✐♥❢❛t✉❛t✐♦♥s
✶
❬❝✉t t❤❡♠ ♦✛❪ ✉s✐♥❣ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❛❜✐❧✐t②
t♦ ❡♥❝♦♠♣❛ss ❬❛❧❧ ♣❧❛❝❡s ♦❢ ❡①✐st❡♥❝❡❪ tr❛❝❦ ✱
✷
✉s✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♠✐❣❤t② ❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❛❜✐❧✐t②
t♦ ❡♥❝♦♠♣❛ss ❬❛❧❧ ♣❧❛❝❡s ♦❢ ❡①✐st❡♥❝❡❪ tr❛❝❦✦
✸✳ ❉♦ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡✱ ❞r✐✈❡ ❛✇❛②
t❤❡ tr♦♦♣ ♦❢ t❤♦s❡ ♣♦ss❡ss✐♥❣ ♦❢ ✐♥❢❛t✉❛t✐♦♥s
✐♥t♦ t❤❡ ❣r❛✈❡✱ ✐♥t♦ t❤❡ r✉❜❜✐s❤✲❤❡❛♣
✐♥t♦ s✐t✉❛t❡❞✲✐♥✲t❤❡✲♣✐t r✉❜❜✐s❤✲❤❡❛♣✱
✹✳ ❬❞r✐✈❡ ❛✇❛② t❤♦s❡✱❪ t❤r✐❝❡ ✜❢t② ♦❢ ✇❤✐❝❤
t❤♦✉ ❞✐s♣❡rs❡❞ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ❬✇✐t❤ t❤❡✐r❪ ❣r❛s♣s✳
❚❤✐s s♠❛❧❧ ❬❞❡❡❞❪ ❜r✐♥❣s ❡❛s✐❧② t♦ ♠✐♥❞ ❢♦r t❤❡❡ t❤❛t ❬♦♥❡❪✱
✸
❜r✐♥❣s ❡❛s✐❧② t♦ ♠✐♥❞ ❢♦r t❤❡❡✳
✺✳ ❖ Indra✱ ❝r✉s❤ ❝♦♠♣❧❡t❡❧② ❬t❤❛t❪
❬❢❡❧t ❧✐❦❡❪ ✢❛♠❡✲❧✐❦❡ s♣✐❦❡s ❬♦♥ t❤❡ s❦✐♥❪
❬❜✉t❪ ❞❡✈♦✐❞ ♦❢ ❛♥❣❡r ❤❛❜✐t✉❛❧ ❬r❡❛❝t✐♦♥❪✦
✹
❚❡❛r ❞♦✇♥ ❡✈❡r② ❬✐♥♥❡r❪ ❞❡❢❡♥s❡✦
✖✖

✶ ♠❡♥t❛❧ r❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛t✐♦♥s
✷ susumnā
.
✸ ♣❡r❢♦r♠❡r ♦❢ t❤✐s s♣❡❧❧
✹ ❧✐t✳ ✏❜❡❝♦♠✐♥❣ ❛ ♠♦✉❧❞✑
✸✺✵

avármahá indra dādr.hı́ śrudh´ı̄ nah.

´ . ks.ā´ ná bhı̄s.ā´m̃
śuśóca hı́ dyauh . adrivo
ghr.n.ā´nná bhı̄s.ā´m̃
. adrivah. |
śus.mı́ntamo hı́ śus.mı́bhir
vadháırugrébhir´ı̄yase |
ápūrus.aghno apratı̄ta śūra sátvabhis
trisaptáıh. śūra sátvabhih. || 6 ||

vanóti hı́ sunvánks.áyam. párı̄n.asah.

sunvānó hı́ .smā yájatyáva dvı́s.o
devā´nāmáva dvı́s.ah. |
sunvāná ı́tsis.āsati
sahásrā vājyávr.tah. |
sunvānā´yéndro dadātyābhúvam .
rayı́m. dadātyābhúvam || 7 ||
 ✸✺✶

✻✳ ❍❡❛r ✉s✱ ❖ Indra✦ ❘❡♥❞ ❬✐t❪ ❞♦✇♥ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ✈❛st ❬❍❡❛✈❡♥❪✱
s✐♥❝❡ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ❤❛s s✉✛❡r❡❞ ✈✐♦❧❡♥t ♣❛✐♥
❧✐❦❡ t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤ t❤r♦✉❣❤ t❤❡ ❢❡❛r✱ ❖ st♦♥❡✲✇✐❡❧❞❡r✱
❧✐❦❡ ❬t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤❪ t❤r♦✉❣❤ t❤❡ ❢❡❛r ♦❢ ❝♦♥t❡♠♣t✱ ❖ st♦♥❡✲✇✐❡❧❞❡r✦
❙✐♥❝❡ t❤♦✉ r❡♠❛✐♥ ♠♦st ✜❡r②
✉s✐♥❣ ✜❡r② s❛✈❛❣❡ ❞❡❛❞❧② ✇❡❛♣♦♥s✱
❬t❤♦✉✱❪ ❖ ♥♦t✲❝♦✉♥t❡r❜❛❧❛♥❝❡❞ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱
t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ✇❛rr✐♦rs ❬s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡❪ s❧❛②✐♥❣ ♥♦♥✲❤✉♠❛♥s✱
t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ tr✐❝❡✲s❡✈❡♥ ✇❛rr✐♦rs✱ ❖ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✦
✼✳ ❙✐♥❝❡ ❤❡ ✇❤♦ ✐s ♣r❡ss✐♥❣ ❬Soma❪ ♣❧❛❝❡s
❞✇❡❧❧✐♥❣ ✐♥ ♣❡❛❝❡ ✇✐t❤✐♥ ❬❤✐s❪ r❡❛❝❤
❞✉❡ t♦ ❛♥ ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥❝❡ ❬♦❢ r❡s♦✉r❝❡s❪✱
s✐♥❝❡ t❤❡ ❡✛✉s✐♥❣ ♦♥❡✺ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❛ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡
❛❧✇❛②s r❡♠♦✈❡s ❤♦st✐❧✐t✐❡s✱
t❤❡ ❤♦st✐❧✐t✐❡s ♦❢ deva✲s✱
❥✉st ❬❤❡✱ ✇❤♦ ✐s❪ ❡✛✉s✐♥❣ ❬✐♥♥❡r Soma❪✱
❬❤❡✱❪ ❝❛♣❛❜❧❡ ♦❢ r✉s❤❡s ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱ ✉♥❝❤❡❝❦❡❞✱
s❡❡❦s t♦ ♦❜t❛✐♥ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞s ❬Indra✬s ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❤❡❧♣✐♥❣❪✳
❚♦ ❬❤✐♠✱ ✇❤♦ ✐s❪ ❡✛✉s✐♥❣ ❬✐♥♥❡r Soma❪✱
Indra ❣✐✈❡s t❤❡ ❛ss✐st✐♥❣ ❬❣✐❢t❪✱
❣✐✈❡s t❤❡ ❛ss✐st✐♥❣ ❣✐❢t✳

❱❡rs❡s ✶✕✺ s♦✉♥❞ ❧✐❦❡ ❛♥ ✐♥❞✐✈✐❞✉❛❧❧② ❝❛st s♣❡❧❧ ❛❣❛✐♥st ✐♥♥❡r

❞❡❢❡♥s✐✈❡ r❡❛❝t✐♦♥s✳

✺ Soma
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✳✶✺✺

Dı̄rghatamas ❆✉❝❛t❤②❛ | Jagatı̄ | t♦ Vis.n.u ❛♥❞ Indra

prá vah. pā´ntamándhaso dhiyāyaté

mahé śū´rāya vı́s.n.ave cārcata |
yā´ sā´nuni párvatānāmádābhyā
mahástastháturárvateva sādhúnā || 1 ||

tves.ámitthā´ samáran.am . śı́mı̄vator

ı́ndrāvis.n.ū sutapā´ vāmurus.yati |
yā´ mártyāya pratidhı̄yámānamı́t
kr.śā´norásturasanā´murus.yáthah. || 2 ||

tā´ ı̄m
. vardhanti máhyasya paum ´ . syam .
nı́ mātárā nayati rétase bhujé |
dádhāti putró ′varam. páram. pitúr
nā´ma tr.t´ı̄yamádhi rocané diváh. || 3 ||

táttadı́dasya paum´ . syam . gr.n.ı̄ması̄násya

trātúravr.kásya mı̄..dhús.ah. |
yáh. pā´rthivāni tribhı́rı́dvı́gāmabhir
urú krámis..torugāyā´ya jı̄váse || 4 ||

dvé ı́dasya kráman.e svardŕ.śo ′bhikhyā´ya

mártyo bhuran.yati |
tr.t´ı̄yamasya nákirā´ dadhars.ati
váyaścaná patáyantah. patatrı́n.ah. || 5 ||

catúrbhih. sākám
. navatı́m. ca nā´ma
bhiścakrám. ná vr.ttám . ravı̄vipat |
. vyátı̄m̃
br.hácharı̄ro vimı́māna .ŕkvabhir
yúvā´kumārah. prátyetyāhavám || 6 ||
 ✸✺✸

✶✳ ❨❡ s❤❛❧❧ ♣r❛✐s❡ ✐♥ ✈❡rs❡ ②♦✉r ❞r✐♥❦ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ❤❡r❜

t♦ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥②✐♥❣✲✈✐s✐♦♥s ♠✐❣❤t② ❤❡r♦ ❛♥❞ Vis.n.u❀
✶
❬t❤♦s❡ t✇♦❪✱ ✇❤♦ ♦♥ t♦♣ ♦❢ t❤❡ ♠♦✉♥t❛✐♥s ❬❛r❡❪ ✉♥❞❡❝❡✐✈❡❞✱
❣❧❛❞❧② ❤❛✈❡ st❛②❡❞ ❬t❤❡ ❝♦✉rs❡❪
❛s ✐❢ ✇✐t❤ ❧❡❛❞✐♥❣ str❛✐❣❤t t♦ ❛ ❣♦❛❧ ❝♦✉rs❡r✳
✷✳ ❆ ❝♦♥✢✐❝t ♦❢ t❤❡ t✇♦ ❡①❡rt✐♥❣ t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s ✐s tr✉❧② ✈❡❤❡♠❡♥t❀
❖ Indra ❛♥❞ Vis.n.u✱ ❤❡ ✇❤♦ ❞r✐♥❦s ♣r❡ss❡❞ ♦✉t ❬❥✉✐❝❡❪
✇❛♥ts t♦ r❡str❛✐♥ ②♦✉ t✇♦✱
✇❤♦ ❬✱✐♥ t✉r♥✱❪ ❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ♠♦rt❛❧✱ ✇♦✉❧❞ ✇❛♥t t♦ ❤✐♥❞❡r
✇❤❛t ✐s ❜❡✐♥❣ ✜tt❡❞ ✖ ❛♥ ❛rr♦✇ ♦❢ s❤♦♦t❡r Kr.śānu✳
✸✳ ❚❤❡② ❬ ✖ ✇❛t❡rs ✖❪ ❣r❡❛t❧② str❡♥❣t❤❡♥ ❤✐s ♠❛♥❧② ✈✐❣♦r❀
❤❡ ❣✉✐❞❡s t✇♦ ♠♦t❤❡rs ❞♦✇♥ t♦ ♠❛❦❡ ✉s❡ ❬♦❢ t❤❡♠❪ ❢♦r t❤❡ ✢♦✇✳
❚❤❡ s♦♥ ✐♠♣r✐♥ts t❤❡ ❧♦✇❡r ❬❢♦♦t♣r✐♥t❪
❬❛♥❞❪ t❤❡ ❤✐❣❤❡r✲t❤❛♥✲t❤❡✲❢❛t❤❡r ♦♥❡✱ ✷
❝❛❧❧❡❞ t❤❡ t❤✐r❞✱ ❛❜♦✈❡ t❤❡ ❧✉♠✐♥♦✉s s♣❤❡r❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥✳
✹✳ ■t ✐s ❥✉st t❤✐s ❤✐s ♠❛♥❧② ✈✐❣♦✉r t❤❛t ✇❡ ❡①t♦❧ ✖
♦❢ ❡♠✐tt✐♥❣✲❛❜✉♥❞❛♥t❧②✲❬t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡ ❪ ✸
♥♦♥✲t❡❛r✐♥❣ ✐♥✈✐❣♦r❛t✐♥❣ ❞❡❢❡♥❞❡r✱
✇❤♦ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❥✉st t❤r❡❡ ♣❛❝❡s str♦❞❡ ✇✐❞❡❧②
♦✈❡r ❡❛rt❤❧② ❬❞♦♠❛✐♥s❪
❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ ✇✐❞❡✲r❛♥❣✐♥❣ ❬s♣❛❝❡❪ ❬❢♦r ✉s❪ t♦ ❧✐✈❡ ❬✐♥❪✳
✺✳ P❡r❝❡✐✈✐♥❣ ❥✉st t✇♦ ❤✐s✱ ✇❤♦ ✐s ❜❡❤♦❧❞✐♥❣ svàr✱
str✐❞❡s ❜❡✐♥❣ ♠❛❞❡✱ ❛ ♠♦rt❛❧ s❝r❛♠❜❧❡s
t♦ ❡♥s✉r❡ t❤❛t ♥♦t❤✐♥❣ ✇♦✉❧❞ ❞❛r❡ ❬t♦ ♠❛❦❡❪ ❤✐s t❤✐r❞✱
♥♦t ❡✈❡♥ ✢②✐♥❣ ❢❡❛t❤❡r❡❞ ❜✐r❞s ✳ ✹

✻✳ ❲✐t❤ ❢♦✉r ❛s♣❡❝ts ❛t t❤❡ s❛♠❡ t✐♠❡ ✖ ❧✐❦❡ s❡t ✐♥ ♠♦t✐♦♥ ✇❤❡❡❧ ✱
✺ ✻
❤❡ ❤❛s ♠❛❞❡ ♥✐♥❡t② ❞✐✈❡r❣✐♥❣ ❬❧♦❝✐❪ t♦ ✈✐❜r❛t❡✳
❍❛✈✐♥❣ ❡①t❡♥s✐✈❡ ❜♦❞②✱ ♣❛❝✐♥❣ ❬❡✈❡♥ts❪ t❤r♦✉❣❤ r❡❝✐t❡rs ♦❢ ✈❡rs❡s
t❤❡ ②♦✉t❤❢✉❧ ♦♥❡✱ ♥♦t ❛ ❜♦②✱ ❛❝❝❡♣ts t❤❡ ❝❤❛❧❧❡♥❣❡✳

✶ Indra
✷ Dyaus ✖ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥
✸ ❞✐✛❡r❡♥t ❢r♦♠ t❤❛t ❡♠✐tt❡❞ ❜② Indra
✹ ✏❜✐r❞s✑ ♦❢ ✐♠❛❣✐♥❛t✐♦♥✱ ❞r❡❛♠✐♥❣ ❛♥❞ ❢❛♥t❛s②
✺ t❤❡s❡ ♠✐❣❤t ❜❡ t❤❡ ❢♦✉r ♣❛✐rs ♦❢ ♦♣♣♦s✐t❡s ❣❛✐♥✴❧♦ss✱ ♣❛✐♥✴♣❧❡❛s✉r❡✱
❤♦♥♦r✴❞✐s❤♦♥♦r✱ ♣r❛✐s❡✴❝❡♥s✉r❡ ❞❡s❝r✐❜❡❞ ✐♥ ▲♦❦❛✈✐♣❛tt✐ ❙✉tt❛
✻❛ ✇❤❡❡❧ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❡✐❣❤t s♣♦❦❡s t❤❛t ❞❡✜♥❡ ❢♦✉r ♣❛✐rs ♦❢ ♦♣♣♦s✐t❡ ♣♦✐♥ts t❤❛t
❛r❡ ♠♦✈✐♥❣ ✐♥ ♦♣♣♦s✐t❡ t♦ ❡❛❝❤ ♦t❤❡r ❞✐r❡❝t✐♦♥ ②❡t r❡♠❛✐♥ ❛r♦✉♥❞ t❤❡ ❝❡♥t❡r
t❤❛t ✐s ❡q✉❛❧❧② ❞✐s♣♦s❡❞ t♦✇❛r❞s ❡❛❝❤ ♣♦✐♥t
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✳✶✻✺

Agastya Maitrāvarun.i | Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra ❛♥❞ Marut✲s

káyā śubhā´ sávayasah. sánı̄..dāh.

samānyā´ marútah. sám . mimiks.uh. |
káyā mat´ı̄ kúta étāsa eté ′rcanti
śús.mam. vŕ..san.o vasūyā´ || 1 ||

kásya bráhmān.i jujus.uryúvānah.

kó adhvaré marúta ā´ vavarta |
śyenā´m̃
. iva dhrájato antáriks.e
kéna mahā´ mánasā rı̄ramāma || 2 ||

kútastvámindra mā´hinah. sánnéko

. ta itthā´ |
yāsi satpate kı́m
sám
. pr.chase samarān.áh. śubhānáır
vocéstánno harivo yátte asmé || 3 ||

bráhmān.i me matáyah. śám . sutā´sah.

śús.ma iyarti prábhr.to me ádrih. |
ā´ śāsate práti haryantyukthémā´
hárı̄ vahatastā´ no ácha || 4 ||

áto vayámantamébhiryujānā´h.
sváks.atrebhistanvàh. śúmbhamānāh. |
máhobhirétām̃
. úpa yujmahe
nvı́ndra svadhā´mánu hı́ no babhū´tha || 5 ||
 ✸✺✺

❬P♦❡t Agastya✿❪
✶✳ ❇② ✇❤❛t ❡♥❤❛♥❝❡♠❡♥t Marut✲s ✖ ♦❢ s✐♠✐❧❛r ♠❡♥t❛❧ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱
❝❧♦s❡❧② r❡❧❛t❡❞ ❬t♦ ❡❛❝❤ ♦t❤❡r❪ ✖
❤❛✈❡ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ♣r❡s❡♥t t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ✉♥✐✈❡rs❛❧ ♦♥❡ ❄
✶
❇② ✇❤❛t ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❣❡st✉r❡✱ ❢r♦♠ ✇❤❡r❡ ❛r❡ t❤❡s❡
✇❤♦ ❤❛✈❡ ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤❡❞❄
❇✉❧❧s r♦❛r ❢❡r✈❡♥t❧② s❡❡❦✐♥❣ ❜❡♥❡✜ts✳
✷✳ ❲❤♦s❡ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛s ②♦✉t❤❢✉❧ ♦♥❡s ❢❛✈♦✉r❡❞❄
❲❤♦ ❞✉r✐♥❣ ♣r♦❝❡❡❞✐♥❣ ♦♥ ✐ts ♣❛t❤ ❬s❛❝r✐✜❝❡❪
t✉r♥❡❞ t♦ ❣❧✐❞✐♥❣ ❧✐❦❡ ❤❛✇❦s ✐♥ ❛✐r Marut✲s❄
❇② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ✇❤❛t ♠✐❣❤t② ❝♦♥t❡♠♣❧❛t✐♦♥ s❤❛❧❧ ✇❡ st♦♣ ❬t❤❡♠❪❄
❬▲❡❛❞❡r ♦❢ Maruts✿❪
✸✳ ❲❤❡r❡❢r♦♠ t❤♦✉✱ ❝❛✉s✐♥❣ ❥♦②✱ ❖ Indra✱
❞♦ tr❛✈❡❧ ❛❧♦♥❡✱ ❖ ♦✈❡rs❡❡r ♦❢ ✇❤❛t✬s r❡❛❧❄
❲❤❛t ❬✐s t❤❡r❡❪ ❢♦r t❤❡❡ ❬✐♥ ❞♦✐♥❣❪ t❤✉s❄ ✖
t❤♦✉ ❛s❦ t❤②s❡❧❢✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ♠❡t ✇✐t❤ r❡✐♥❢♦r❝✐♥❣ ♦♥❡s ❬❜❡❢♦r❡❪✳
❚❤♦✉ ❝❛♥ ❛♥s✇❡r ❬✐t❪ t❤②s❡❧❢✿ t❤❛t ❬✇❛s❪ ❢♦r ✉s✱
❖ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞✲❜②✲t❛✇♥②✲♦♥❡s ♦♥❡✱
✇❤❛t ❬✐s ♥♦✇❪ t❤② ❬✇❛s❪ ❢♦r ✉s✳
❬Indra✿❪
✹✳ ❋♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥s ❬❛r❡❪ ❢♦r ♠❡✱ ❝♦♥t❡♠♣❧❛t✐♦♥s ❬❛r❡ ❢♦r ♠❡❪❀
❢♦rt✉♥❛t❡❧② ❬❢♦r ♠❡ ❛r❡❪ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❬❞r♦♣s ♦❢ Soma❪❀
t❤❡ ❢❡r✈♦r r✐s❡s❀ t❤❡ r♦❝❦ ✐s ❜r♦✉❣❤t ❢♦rt❤ ❢♦r ♠❡✳
❚❤❡ ✈❡rs❡s ❛s❦ ❢♦r ❬♠❡❪✱ ❧♦♥❣ ❢♦r ❬♠❡❪✳
❚❤❡s❡ t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s ❝❛rr② t❤♦s❡ ❬❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥s❪ t♦✇❛r❞s ✉s✳
❬▲❡❛❞❡r ♦❢ Maruts✿❪
✺✳ ❖ Indra✱ s✐♥❝❡ t❤♦✉ ❜❡❝❛♠❡ ❬♠❛♥✐❢❡st❪
❛❝❝♦r❞✐♥❣ t♦ ♦✉r ♥❛t✉r❛❧ ❞✐s♣♦s✐t✐♦♥✱
❤❡♥❝❡ ✇❡✱ ❛tt❛❝❤✐♥❣ ♦✉rs❡❧✈❡s t♦ r❡❛❞✐❧② ♣r❡s❡♥t ❬♣♦✇❡rs❪✱
✷
❛❞♦r♥✐♥❣ ❬♦✉r❪ ❜♦❞✐❡s ✇✐t❤ ✐♥♥❛t❡❧② str♦♥❣ ❬♣♦✇❡rs❪✱
❡♠♣❧♦② ✇✐t❤ ❬t❤♦s❡❪ ♣♦✇❡rs t❤❡ ❛♥t❡❧♦♣❡s✳

✶ Sarasvatı̄
✷ ❧✐t✳ ✏♥❡❛r❡st✑
✸✺✻

kvà syā´ vo marutah. svadhā´sı̄d

yánmā´mékam . samádhattāhihátye |
ahám . hyùgrástavis.ástúvis.mān
vı́śvasya śátroránamam . vadhasnáıh. || 6 ||

bhū´ri cakartha yújyebhirasmé

samānébhirvr..sabha paum ´ . syebhih. |
bhū´rı̄n.i hı́ kr.n.ávāmā śavis..théndra
krátvā maruto yádváśāma || 7 ||

vádhı̄m
. vr.trám
. maruta indriyén.a
svéna bhā´mena tavis.ó babhūvā´n |
ahámetā´ mánave viśváścandrāh.
sugā´ apáścakara vájrabāhuh. || 8 ||

ánuttamā´ te maghavannákirnú
ná tvā´vām̃
. asti devátā vı́dānah. |
ná jā´yamāno náśate ná jātó
yā´ni karis.yā´ kr.n.uhı́ pravr.ddha || 9 ||
 ✸✺✼

❬Indra✿❪
✻✳ ❲❤❡r❡ ✇❛s t❤❛t s❛♠❡ ♥❛t✉r❛❧ ❞✐s♣♦s✐t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ②♦✉rs
✇❤❡♥ ②♦✉ ♣✉t ✉♣ ♠❡ t♦ s❧❛② t❤❡ s♥❛❦❡ ❜② ♠②s❡❧❢ ✸ ❄
❇❡❝❛✉s❡ ■ ❛♠ ❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s✱ ✐♥✲❝♦♥tr♦❧✱
❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝♦♥tr♦❧✱
✇✐t❤ ❞❡❛❞❧② ✇❡❛♣♦♥s✱ ■ ❜❡♥❞ ❬t❤❡ ♥❛t✉r❛❧ ❞✐s♣♦s✐t✐♦♥❪
♦❢ ❡✈❡r② ❡♥❡♠② ❬t♦ ❜❡ ❢❛✈♦✉r❛❜❧❡ t♦ ♠❡❪✳

❬▲❡❛❞❡r ♦❢ Maruts✿❪
✼✳ ❚❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❧✐s❤❡❞ ♠✉❝❤ ✇✐t❤ t♦✲❜❡✲❞❡♣❧♦②❡❞ ❢♦r ✉s
s✐♠✐❧❛r ♠❛♥❧② ❞❡❡❞s✱ ❖ ❛♣♣❡❛r✐♥❣ ❛s ❛ ❜✉❧❧✱
❥✉st ❬❛s❪ ♠❛♥② ❬❞❡❡❞s❪ ✇❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❬②❡t❪ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❧✐s❤✱
❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♠♦st ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱
❖ Indra✱ ✇❡✱ ❖ Marut✲s✱ s❤❛❧❧ ✇✐s❤ ❬t♦ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❧✐s❤❪
t❤r♦✉❣❤ ❬②♦✉r✹ ❪ r❡s♦✉r❝❡❢✉❧♥❡ss✦

❬Indra✿❪
✽✳ ■ ❤❛✈❡ ❞❡❢❡❛t❡❞ Vr.tra✱ ❖ Marut✲s✱
❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ✐♥ ❝♦♥tr♦❧ ❜② t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r ♦✈❡r ❛✛❡❝t✐♦♥s
❛♥❞ t❤r♦✉❣❤ ♠② ♦✇♥ ✇r❛t❤✳
❋♦r ❛♥ ✐♥t❡❧❧✐❣❡♥t ♠❛♥ t❤❡s❡ ❤❛✈✐♥❣✲❛❧❧♣❡r✈❛❞✐♥❣✲❣❧✐tt❡r ✇❛t❡rs
■✱ ❛r♠❡❞ ✇✐t❤ ❛ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✱ ♠❛❞❡ ❡❛s②✲✢♦✇✐♥❣✳

❬Maruts✿❪
✾✳ ❚❤❛t ♦❢ t❤❡❡ ✐s ♥♦t ❞♦✇♥♣❧❛②❡❞ ❤❡r❡✱ ❖ ♠✉♥✐✜❝❡♥t ♦♥❡✦
◆♦ ♦♥❡ s✐♠✐❧❛r t♦ t❤❡❡ ✐s ❦♥♦✇♥ ❛♠♦♥❣ deva✲s✳
▼❛② t❤♦✉✱ ❖ ✐♥t❡♥s❡ ♦♥❡✱
❛❝❝♦♠♣❧✐s❤ ②❡t✲t♦✲❜❡✲❛❝❝♦♠♣❧✐s❤❡❞ ❬❞❡❡❞s❪
✇❤✐❝❤ ♥❡✐t❤❡r ❥✉st ❜❡✐♥❣ ❜♦r♥ ♥♦r ❬❛❧r❡❛❞②❪ ❜♦r♥ ♦♥❡ s✉❝❝❡❡❞s ✐♥✳

✸ ❧✐t✳ ✏❛❧♦♥❡✑
✹ Indra✬s
✸✺✽

ékasya cinme vibhvàstvójo

yā´ nú dadhr..svā´nkr.n.ávai manı̄s.ā´ |
ahám . hyùgró maruto vı́dāno
yā´ni cyávamı́ndra ı́dı̄śa es.ām || 10 ||

ámandanmā maruta stómo átra

yánme narah. śrútyam . bráhma cakrá |
ı́ndrāya vŕ..sn.e súmakhāya máhyam.
sákhye sákhāyastanvè tanū´bhih. || 11 ||

evédeté práti mā rócamānā

ánedyah. śráva és.o dádhānāh. |
sam. cáks.yā marutaścandrávarn.ā
áchānta me chadáyāthā ca nūnám || 12 ||

kó nvátra maruto māmahe vah.

. ráchā sakhāyah. |
prá yātana sákhı̄m̃
mánmāni citrā apivātáyanta
es.ā´m
. bhūta návedā ma .rtā´nām || 13 ||

ā´ yádduvasyā´dduváse ná kārúr

asmā´ñcakré mānyásya medhā´ |
ó .sú vartta maruto vı́pramáchemā´
bráhmān.i jaritā´ vo arcat || 14 ||

es.á va stómo maruta iyám . g´ı̄r

māndāryásya mānyásya kāróh. |
és.ā´ yāsı̄s..ta tanvè vayā´m
.
vidyā´mes.ám . jı̄rádānum || 15 ||
. vr.jánam
 ✸✺✾

❬Indra✿❪
✶✵✳ ▼❛② ♦♥❧② ♠✐♥❡ ✈✐❣♦✉r st❛♥❞ ♦✉t✱
✇❤❛t❡✈❡r ❬❞❡❡❞s❪ ■✱ ❞❛r✐♥❣✱ s❤❛❧❧ st✐❧❧ ♣❡r❢♦r♠
✇✐t❤ t❤❡ r✐❣❤t ❝♦♥❝❡♣t✐♦♥✦
❙✐♥❝❡ ■ ❛♠ ❦♥♦✇♥ t♦ ❜❡ ✈✐♦❧❡♥t✱ ❖ Marut✲s✱
✇❤❛t❡✈❡r ❬t❤✐♥❣s❪ ■ ✇❡r❡ t♦ st✐r✱ ❥✉st ■✱ Indra✱
✇✐❧❧ ❜❡ t❤❡ ♠❛st❡r ♦❢ t❤❡♠✳
✶✶✳ ❚❤✐s t✐♠❡✱ ❛ ❤②♠♥ ♦❢ ♣r❛✐s❡ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t❡❞ ♠❡✱ ❖ Marut✲s✱
t❤❛t t♦✲❜❡✲❤❡❛r❞ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛ ②❡ ❝r❡❛t❡❞ ❢♦r ♠❡✱ ❖ ♠❡♥✱
❢♦r t❤❡ ❜✉❧❧ Indra✱ ❢♦r ♠❡ ✇❤♦ ✐s ♦❢ ❣♦♦❞ ✜❣❤t✐♥❣ s♣✐r✐t✱
❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s ❢♦r ❛ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥✱
♠❛♥✐❢❡st❛t✐♦♥s ❢♦r ❛ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❛t✐♦♥✦
✶✷✳ ❏✉st s♦✱ t❤❡s❡ ✐♥ ♦♣♣♦s✐t✐♦♥ t♦ ♠❡ ❛r❡ s♣❧❡♥❞✐❞✱
♥♦t t♦ ❜❡ ❝♦♥str❛✐♥❡❞ ❬❜❛♥❞❪✱
r❡❝❡✐✈✐♥❣ ❧♦✉❞ ♣r❛✐s❡ ❜❡❢♦r❡ t❤❡ ❧✐❜❛t✐♦♥s✳
❖❜s❡r✈✐♥❣✱ ❖ Marut✲s✱ ❬②❡✱❪ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❛ s❤✐♠♠❡r✐♥❣ ❛♣♣❡❛r❛♥❝❡✱
②❡ s❡❡♠❡❞ ❣♦♦❞ t♦ ♠❡ ❬❜❡❢♦r❡❪✱ ②❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡ ❝♦♥s✐❞❡r❡❞ ❣♦♦❞ ♥♦✇✳
❬P♦❡t Agastya✿❪
✶✸✳ ❲❤♦ ✐♥❞❡❡❞ ✐♥ t❤✐s ❝❛s❡✱ ❖ Marut✲s✱ ❤❛s ❛r♦✉s❡❞ ②❡❄
❏♦✉r♥❡② ❢♦rt❤ ②❡✱ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s✱ t♦ ❬②♦✉r❪ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s✦
❖ ❛ttr❛❝t✐♥❣ ❛tt❡♥t✐♦♥ ♦♥❡s✱ ②❡✱ ❢❛♥♥✐♥❣ ♦✉t ♠❛♥✐❝ t❤♦✉❣❤ts
❞♦ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❝♦❣♥✐③❛♥t ♦❢ t❤❡s❡ ♠② ❝♦❤❡r❡♥❝❡s✳
✶✹✳ ❍❡r❡ ✖ s✐♥❝❡ t❤❡ s✐♥❣❡r ♦❢ ❡✉❧♦❣✐❡s r♦✉s❡s ❬✉s❪
❛s ✐❢ t♦ r❡❛❞② ❬✉s❪ ❢♦r ❛❝t✐♦♥✱
t❤❡ str❡♥❣t❤ ♦❢ r❡s♦❧✈❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ✈❡♥❡r❛❜❧❡ ❬s✐♥❣❡r❪ t♦♦❦ ❤♦❧❞ ♦❢ ✉s✳
❍❡r❡ ❛s ✇❡❧❧ t✉r♥ t♦ ❛♥ ✐♥s♣✐r❡❞ ♦♥❡✱ ❖ Marut✲s❀
t❤❡ ✐♥✈♦❦❡r s❤❛❧❧ r❡❝♦♠♠❡♥❞ t❤❡s❡ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥s t♦ ②❡✳
❬■♥✈♦❦❡r✿❪
✶✺✳ ❚❤✐s ❝❤❛♥t ✐s ❢♦r ②♦✉✱ ❖ Marut✲s✱ t❤✐s s♦♥❣ ❬✐s❪
♦❢ ❛ ✈❡♥❡r❛❜❧❡ s✐♥❣❡r ♦❢ ❡✉❧♦❣✐❡s ❬✇❤♦ ✐s❪ ❝❛♣❛❜❧❡ t♦ ♣❧❡❛s❡✳
❚❤r♦✉❣❤ ❛ ❧✐❜❛t✐♦♥ ❧❡t ✐t ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❛ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ✈✐❣♦✉r ❢♦r ❤✐♠✦
▼❛② ✇❡ ✜♥❞ ♣♦ss❡ss✐♥❣ s❛♣ ❛♥❞ str❡♥❣t❤✱
q✉✐❝❦ t♦ ❜❡st♦✇ ❬s❛❝r✐✜❝✐❛❧❪ ❡♥❝❧♦s✉r❡✳

❚❤✐s ❤②♠♥ ❛❞❞r❡ss❡s Indra ❛♥❞ ✐♥♥❡r Marut✲s ✇❤♦s❡ s✉♣♣♦rt ❢♦r
t❤❡ st❛t❡ Indra ✐s ❞❡s✐r❡❞ ❜② t❤❡ ✐♥✈♦❦❡r✳
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✳✶✻✾

Agastya Maitrāvarun.i | ✶✱✸✕✽ Tris..tubh✱ ✷ Jagatı̄ | t♦ Indra

maháścittvámindra yatá etā´n

maháścidasi tyájaso varūtā´ |
sá no vedho marútām. cikitvā´n
sumnā´ vanus.va táva hı́ prés..thā || 1 ||

áyujranta indra viśvákr..s.tı̄r

vidānā´so nis..sı́dho martyatrā´ |
marútām . pr.tsutı́rhā´samānā
svàrmı̄..dhasya pradhánasya sātau ´ || 2 ||

ámyaksā´ ta indra .r.s.tı́rasmé

sánemyábhvam . marúto junanti |
agnı́ściddhı́ .smātasé śuśukvā´n
ā´po ná dvı̄pám
. dádhati práyām . si || 3 ||

tvám . tū´ na indra tám . rayı́m. dā

ójis..thayā dáks.in.ayeva rātı́m |
stútaśca yā´ste cakánanta vāyó
stánam . ná mádhvah. pı̄payanta vā´jaih. || 4 ||

tvé rā´ya indra tośátamāh.

pran.etā´rah. kásya cidr.tāyóh. |
té .sú n.o marúto mr...dayantu
yé smā purā´ gātūyántı̄va devā´h. || 5 ||

práti prá yāhı̄ndra mı̄..dhús.o n.´r̄n

maháh. pā´rthive sádane yatasva |
ádha yádes.ām . pr.thubudhnā´sa étās
tı̄rthé nā´ryáh. paum
´ . syāni tasthúh. || 6 ||
 ✸✻✶

✶✳ ❚❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❛❣❛✐♥st ❡✈❡♥ ❛ ❣r❡❛t ❬❛❧✐❡♥❛t✐♦♥❪

❝♦♠✐♥❣ t♦ t❤❡s❡ ❤❡r❡✱
❛❣❛✐♥st ❡✈❡♥ ❛ ❣r❡❛t ❛❧✐❡♥❛t✐♦♥ t❤♦✉ ❛r❡ ❛ ♣r♦t❡❝t♦r✳
❬❇❡✐♥❣❪ s✉❝❤✱ ❖ ❛❞❡♣t✱ t❤♦✉ ❛r❡ ♥♦t✐❝✐♥❣ ♦✉r Marut✲s❀
♣❧❛❝❡ ✇✐t❤✐♥ t❤② r❡❛❝❤ ❬t❤❡✐r❪ ❢❛✈♦✉rs
s✐♥❝❡ t❤❡② ❛r❡ ❞❡❛r t♦ t❤❡❡✦
✶
✷✳ ❚❤❡②✱ ✜♥❞✐♥❣ ❛tt❛✐♥✐♥❣✲t❤❡✐r✲❛✐♠✲✐♥✲♠♦rt❛❧s ❡✛❡❝ts✱
②♦❦❡❞ ❢♦r t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❡✈❡r② r❛❝❡ ♦❢ ♠❡♥✳
Marut✲s✬ ✐♥❝✐t❡♠❡♥t t♦ ✜❣❤t ✐s r❛❝✐♥❣ ❢♦rt❤
t♦ ❣❛✐♥ t❤❡ ♣r✐③❡ ♦❢ ✇❤✐❝❤ r❡s✉❧t ✐s svàr✳
✸✳ ❙✉❝❤ s♣❡❛r ✐s ♣r❡s❡♥t ✐♥ ✉s ❢♦r t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Indra❀
✷
❛t ❛❧❧ t✐♠❡s Marut✲s ✐♥s♣✐r❡ s♦♠❡t❤✐♥❣ ✐♠♠❡♥s❡ ✖
❥✉st ❧✐❦❡ ✜r❡ ❜❧❛③✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❜r✉s❤✇♦♦❞✱
❧✐❦❡ ✇❛t❡rs ❬❡✛❡❝t❪ ❛♥ ✐s❧❛♥❞✱ t❤❡② ❡✛❡❝t ❞❡❧✐❣❤ts✳
✹✳ ❖ Indra✱ t❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ ❣✐✈❡ ✉s t❤✐s tr❡❛s✉r❡
❧✐❦❡ ❛ ❣✐❢t ❬❣✐✈❡♥❪ ❜② ✐♥❞❡❢❛t✐❣❛❜❧❡ ♣r♦❧✐✜❝ ❝♦✇❀
❛♥❞✱ ❖ ❡✉❧♦❣✐③❡❞ ♦♥❡✱ ❬st❛♥③❛s❪✱
✇❤✐❝❤ ❛r❡ ❧✐❦❡❞ ❜② t❤❡❡ ❛♥❞ ❜② Vāyu✱
s❤❛❧❧ s✇❡❧❧ ✇✐t❤ r✉s❤❡s ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r
❧✐❦❡ ✉❞❞❡r ❬❜❡❝♦♠❡s ❢✉❧❧❪ ♦❢ ❤♦♥❡②✳
✺✳ ■♥ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❛r❡ t❤❡ ♠♦st s❛t✐s❢②✐♥❣ r❡✇❛r❞s ✖
❤❛r❜✐♥❣❡rs ♦❢ ✇❤♦❡✈❡r ✐s s❡❡❦✐♥❣ .rta✳
▼❛② t❤❡②✱ Marut✲s✱ tr❡❛t ✉s ❦✐♥❞❧② ✖
deva✲s ✇❤♦ ✉♣ t✐❧❧ ♥♦✇ ♣r♦✈✐❞❡❞ ❛♥ ✉♥✐♠♣❡❞❡❞ ♣❛t❤✳
✻✳ ❙❡t ♦✉t t♦✇❛r❞s ❧✐❜❡r❛❧ ♠❡♥✱ ❖ Indra✱
q✉✐❝❦❧② ♠❛rs❤❛❧ t❤②s❡❧❢ t♦ ❛♥ ❡❛rt❤❧② s❡❛t ♥♦✇
✇❤❡♥ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❡①t❡♥s✐✈❡ ❜❛s❡ ❛♥t❡❧♦♣❡s ♦❢ t❤❡s❡ st❛②
❧✐❦❡ ♠❛♥❧② ❞❡❡❞s ♦❢ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ r❛✐s❡s ✐t ✉♣ ❛t ❛ ♣❛ss❛❣❡✳

✶ ❢❛✈♦✉rs
✷ ✏✐♥❝✐t❡♠❡♥t t♦ ✜❣❤t✑ pr.tsuti ♦❢ ✈❡rs❡ ✷
✸✻✷

práti ghorā´n.āmétānāmayā´sām
.
marútām . śr.n.va āyatā´mupabdı́h. |
yé mártyam . pr.tanāyántamū´mair
.rn.āvā´nam. ná patáyanta sárgaih. || 7 ||

tvám. mā´nebhya indra viśvájanyā

rádā marúdbhih. śurúdho gó .agrāh. |
stávānebhi stavase deva devaır ´
vidyā´mes.ám . jı̄rádānum || 8 ||
. vr.jánam
 ✸✻✸

✼✳ ❆✉❞✐❜❧❡ ✐s t❤❡ r❛tt❧✐♥❣ ♦❢ t❡rr✐❢②✐♥❣ ❛♥t❡❧♦♣❡s

❬❛♥❞❪ ♦❢ ❛❣✐❧❡ ❝♦♠✐♥❣ ♥❡❛r Marut✲s
✇❤♦ ✇✐t❤ ❤❡❧♣❡rs s❤❛❧❧ s♣❡❡❞ ❣♦✐♥❣ ✐♥t♦ ❜❛tt❧❡ ♠♦rt❛❧
❛s ❛♥ ✐♥❞❡❜t❡❞ ❬♠❛♥ ✐s❪ ❜② s✇❛r♠s ❬♦❢ ✐♥❝✐t❡♠❡♥ts t♦ r❡♣❛②❪✳
✽✳ ❚❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ ✇✐t❤ ❤❡r✸ ✇❤♦ ✐s ❣♦♦❞ ❢♦r ❡✈❡r②❜♦❞②✱
✇✐t❤ Marut✲s✱
❞✐s♣❡♥s❡ t♦ s♦♥s ♦❢ Mana ♣r♦❧✐❢❡r❛t✐♥❣ ♣r❡❝❡❞❡❞ ❜② ✇♦r❞s r✐❝❤❡s✦
❇② ❡①t♦❧❧❡❞ deva✲s✱ ❖ deva✱ t❤♦✉ ❛r❡ ❡①t♦❧❧❡❞✳
▼❛② ✇❡ ✜♥❞ ♣♦ss❡ss✐♥❣ s❛♣ ❛♥❞ str❡♥❣t❤✱
q✉✐❝❦ t♦ ❜❡st♦✇ ❬s❛❝r✐✜❝✐❛❧❪ ❡♥❝❧♦s✉r❡✦

❚❤✐s ❤②♠♥ r❡❢❡rs t♦ Indra ❛♥❞ ✐♥♥❡r Marut✲s✳

✸ ♣r♦❜✳ Aditi
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✳✶✼✵

Agastya Maitrāvarun.i | ✶ Br.hatı̄✱ ✷✕✹ Anus..tubh✱ ✺ Tris..tubh | t♦

Indra

ná nūnámásti nó śváh. kástádveda yádádbhutam |

anyásya cittámabhı́ sam . carén.yamutā´dhı̄tam
. vı́ naśyati || 1 ||

kı́m
. na indra jighām . sasi bhrā´taro marútastáva |
tébhih. kalpasva sādhuyā´ mā´ nah. samáran.e vadhı̄h. || 2 ||

. no bhrātaragastya sákhā sánnáti manyase |

kı́m
vidmā´ hı́ te yáthā máno ′smábhyamı́nná ditsasi || 3 ||

áram. kr.n.vantu védim. sámagnı́mindhatām . puráh. |

tátrāmŕ.tasya cétanam . te tanavāvahai || 4 ||
. yajñám

tvámı̄śis.e vasupate vásūnām .

tvám. mitrā´n.ām . mitrapate dhés..thah. |
ı́ndra tvám . marúdbhih. sám . vadasvā´dha
prā´śāna .rtuthā´ hav´ı̄m
..s i || 5 ||
 ✸✻✺

❬■♥❞r❛❪✿
✶✳ ■t ✐s ♥♦t ♥♦✇✱ ♥❡✐t❤❡r ❬✐t ✐s❪ t♦♠♦rr♦✇✳
❲❤♦ ✉♥❞❡rst❛♥❞s t❤❛t ✇❤✐❝❤ ✐s ♠❛r✈❡❧♦✉s❄
❬❲❤❛t ✐s❪ ♣r❛❝t✐❝❛❜❧❡ t♦✇❛r❞s ♦t❤❡r✬s ❛✐♠
❛♥❞ ✐♥t❡♥❞❡❞ ❬t❤❛t❪ ❝♦♠❡s t♦ ♥♦t❤✐♥❣✳
❬▼❛r✉ts✿❪
✷✳ ❲❤② ❞♦ t❤♦✉ ✇✐s❤ t♦ s❧❛② ✉s✱ ❖ Indra❄
❚❤② Marut✲s ❬❛r❡❪ ❜r♦t❤❡rs ❬t♦ t❤❡❡❪✳
❉♦ t❤♦✉ ❛❞❛♣t t❤②s❡❧❢ t♦ t❤♦s❡ ✐♥ ❛ str❛✐❣❤t❢♦r✇❛r❞ ♠❛♥♥❡r✦
❉♦ ♥♦t ✈❛♥q✉✐s❤ ✉s ✐♥ ❬t❤✐s❪ ❝♦♥✢✐❝t✦
❬▼❛r✉ts✿❪
✸✳ ❲❤② t❤♦✉✱ ❖ ❜r♦t❤❡r Agastya✱
❜❡✐♥❣ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥ ❬♦❢ Indra❪✱ ❞✐s❞❛✐♥ ✉s❄
❙✐♥❝❡ ✇❡ ❣♦t t♦ ❦♥♦✇ t❤② ♠✐♥❞ ❛s ✐t ✐s
t❤♦✉ ❞♦ ♥♦t ✇✐s❤ t♦ ❣✐✈❡ ❬✐t❪ ❥✉st t♦ ✉s✳
❬❆❣❛st②❛✿❪
✹✳ ▲❡t t❤❡♠✶ ♠❛❦❡ s✉✐t❛❜❧② ❛ s❛❝r✐✜❝✐❛❧ ❛❧t❛r✷ ✱
❧❡t t❤❡♠ ❧✐❣❤t t❤❡ ✜r❡ ✐♥ ❛❞✈❛♥❝❡✱
s♦ t❤❛t ✉♥❞❡r s✉❝❤ ❝✐r❝✉♠st❛♥❝❡s ✇❡ ❜♦t❤ ✇♦✉❧❞ ✇❡❛✈❡✸
❢♦r t❤❡❡ ❛ ♥♦t❛❜❧❡ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ♥❡❝t❛r✳
❬❆❣❛st②❛✿❪
✺✳ ❚❤♦✉ ❛r❡ t❤❡ ♠❛st❡r ♦❢ ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧ ❬t❤✐♥❣s❪✱
❖ ♦✈❡rs❡❡r ♦❢ ✇❤❛t✬s ❜❡♥❡✜❝❡♥t✦
❚❤♦✉ ❬❛r❡❪ ❣✐✈✐♥❣ ♠♦st ❢r✐❡♥❞s✱ ❖ ♦✈❡rs❡❡r ♦❢ ❢r✐❡♥❞s✦
❖ Indra✱ ❞♦ t❤♦✉ ❝♦♥✈❡rs❡ ✇✐t❤ Marut✲s✱
t❤❡♥✱ ❛t ❛ ♣r♦♣❡r t✐♠❡✱ ❡♥❥♦② t❤❡ ♦❜❧❛t✐♦♥s✦

✶ Marut✲s
✷ vedi
✸ ❧✐t✳ ✏❡①t❡♥❞✑
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✳✶✼✸

Agastya Maitrāvarun.i | Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra

gā´yatsā´ma nabhanyàm . yathā vér

. svàrvat |
árcāma tádvāvr.dhānám
gā´vo dhenávo barhı́s.yádabdhā
ā´ yátsadmā´nam
. divyám . vı́vāsān || 1 ||

árcadvŕ..sā vŕ..sabhih. svéduhavyair

mr.gó nā´śno áti yájjuguryā´t |
prá mandayúrmanā´m . gūrta hótā
bhárate máryo mithunā´ yájatrah. || 2 ||

náks.addhótā pári sádma mitā´ yán

bháradgárbhamā´ śarádah. pr.thivyā´h. |
krándadáśvo náyamāno ruvádgaur ´
antárdūtó ná ródası̄ caradvā´k || 3 ||

tā´ karmā´.satarāsmai
prá cyautnā´ni devayánto bharante |
jújos.adı́ndro dasmávarcā
nā´satyeva súgmyo rathes..thā´h. || 4 ||

támu .s.tuh´ı̄ndram. yó ha sátvā

yáh. śū´ro maghávā yó rathes..thā´h. |
pratı̄cáścidyódhı̄yānvŕ..san.vān
vavavrús.aścittámaso vihantā´ || 5 ||
 ✸✻✼

✶✳ ❍❡ s❤❛❧❧ r❡❝✐t❡ ✐♥ ❛ s✐♥❣✐♥❣ ♠❛♥♥❡r ✏s♣r✐♥❣✐♥❣ ❢♦rt❤✑ sāman✶

❛s ❬❛ s♦♥❣❪ ♦❢ ❛ ❜✐r❞❀
✇❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❝♦♠♠❡♥❞ t❤❛t str❡♥❣t❤❡♥✐♥❣
♣♦ss❡ss✐♥❣ ♦❢ svàr ❬Soma❪✳
❖♥ ❛ s❛❝r✐✜❝✐❛❧ ❣r❛ss ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s
❬✉s❡❞ ❛s❪ ♠✐❧❝❤✲❝♦✇s ❬❛r❡❪ ✉♥✐♠♣❛✐r❡❞✱
✇❤❡♥ t❤❡② s❡❡❦ t♦ ♣❧❛❝❡ ❬❤✐♠❪ ✇❤♦ s✐ts ❬♦♥ t❤❡ ❣r❛ss❪✱
❛ ❞✐✈✐♥❡ ♦♥❡✱ ✇✐t❤✐♥ ❬♦✉r❪ r❡❛❝❤✳
✷✳ ❲✐t❤ ❜✉❧❧s✱ ❬t❤♦s❡ ✇❤✐❝❤ ❛r❡❪ ✏✉♥❞❡rst❛♥❞✲✇❤❛t ❜②✲②♦✉rs❡❧✈❡s✑✱
t❤❡ ❜✉❧❧ s❤❛❧❧ r♦❛r ♣r❛✐s❡s
✷
❧✐❦❡ ❛ r❛✈❡♥♦✉s ❜❡❛st ✇❤❡♥ ✐t ❣✐✈❡s ❛ s❤r✐❡❦✳
❙❡❡❦✐♥❣ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t✐♦♥ ✐♥✈♦❦❡r s❤❛❧❧ ✇❡❧❝♦♠❡ ❡❛❣❡r♥❡ss✱
✐♥str✉♠❡♥t❛❧✲✐♥✲❛✲s❛❝r✐✜❝❡ r❡❝r✉✐t s❤❛❧❧ ❜❛❧❛♥❝❡ t❤❡ ♣❛✐r ✳
✸
✹
✸✳ ■♥✈♦❦❡r s❤❛❧❧ ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤ t❤❡ ❛❜♦❞❡ s✉❝❝❡ss✐✈❡❧②✱
✺
✻
❬♠❡♥t❛❧❧②❪ ❣♦✐♥❣ t❤r♦✉❣❤ t❤❡ ♣♦❧❡ ❀
❤❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❝❛rr② t❤❡ ❡♠❜r②♦ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ r✐♣❡♥❡❞
✼ ❊❛rt❤✳
✽ ✾
❚❤❡ ❤♦rs❡ ✱ ❜❡✐♥❣ ❧❡❞✱ s❤❛❧❧ ♥❡✐❣❤✱ t❤❡ ❝♦✇ s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡❧❧♦✇✳
❚❤❡ s♦✉♥❞ ♦❢ s♣❡❡❝❤ s❤❛❧❧ r♦❛♠ ❜❡t✇❡❡♥ t❤❡ t✇♦ Rodas✲❡s
❧✐❦❡ ❛ ♠❡ss❡♥❣❡r✳
✹✳ ❲❡ ❤❛✈❡ ♠❛❞❡ t❤♦s❡ ♠♦r❡ ❛❝❝❡♣t❛❜❧❡ ❢♦r ❤✐♠✱
❬✇❤♦ ❛r❡❪ ❡♥❣❛❣✐♥❣ deva✲s✱ ❬❛♥❞❪ ❜r✐♥❣ ❢♦rt❤ ❝♦♥tr✐✈❛♥❝❡s
❬t♦ ✇❤✐❝❤❪ Indra✱ ✇❤♦s❡ ✈✐t❛❧ ♣♦✇❡r
✐s ❛❝❝♦♠♣❧✐s❤✐♥❣ ✇♦♥❞❡r❢✉❧ ❞❡❡❞s✱
❬Indra❪ r❡♠❛✐♥✐♥❣ ♦♥ ❛ ❝❤❛r✐♦t✱ ❛❞✈❛♥❝✐♥❣ ✇❡❧❧ ❧✐❦❡ Nāsatya✲s✱
s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡ ❢❛✈♦r❛❜❧❡✳
✺✳ ❉♦ t❤♦✉ ❡①t♦❧ ❤✐♠✱ Indra✱ ✇❤♦ ❬✐s❪ ✐♥❞❡❡❞ ❛ ✜❣❤t❡r✱
✇❤♦ ✐s ❛ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱
✇❤♦ ❬✐s❪ ✜❣❤t✐♥❣ ❢r♦♠ ❛ ❝❤❛r✐♦t❀
❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② t❤❡ ❜✉❧❧
✶✵ ✱ ❤❡ ✐s ♠♦r❡ ✇❛r❧✐❦❡
t❤❛♥ ❡✈❡♥ ❢❛❝✐♥❣ ❬❤✐♠ Vr.tra❪✱
❬❤❡ ✐s❪ ❛ ❞✐s♣❡rs❡r ♦❢ ❡✈❡♥ s✉rr♦✉♥❞✐♥❣ ❬❜♦t❤ Rodas✲❡s❪ ✐♥❡rt✐❛✳

✶ ✈❡rs❡ r❡❝✐t❡❞ t♦ s♣❡❝✐❛❧ t✉♥❡s

✷ ❧✐t✳ ✏s✐♥❣✑ ♦r ✏♣r❛✐s❡ ❜② s✐♥❣✐♥❣✑
✸ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t✐♦♥ ✐♥✈♦❦❡r ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ✐♥str✉♠❡♥t❛❧✲✐♥✲❛✲s❛❝r✐✜❝❡ r❡❝r✉✐t
✹ ♣r♦❜✳ t❤❡ ❛❜♦❞❡ ♦❢ rta ❛s ✐♥ ✸✳✺✺✳✶✹❝
.
✺ t❤❛t ✐s✱ ❣♦✐♥❣ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ❧♦✇❡st ❝❛❦r❛ t♦ t❤❡ ❤✐❣❤❡st s❡q✉❡♥t✐❛❧❧②
✻ s♣✐♥❡
✼ ❧✐t✳ ✏❛✉t✉♠♥❛❧✑
✽ ♣r♦❜✳ Soma
✾ ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥
✶✵ ♣r♦❜✳ Soma
✸✻✽

prá yáditthā´ mahinā´ nŕ.bhyo ástyáram.

ródası̄ kaks.yè nā´smai |
sám
. vivya ı́ndro vr.jánam . ná bhū´mā
bhárti svadhā´vām̃. opaśámiva dyā´m || 6 ||

samátsu tvā śūra satā´murān.ám .

prapathı́ntamam . paritam . sayádhyai |
sajós.asa ı́ndram. máde ks.on.´ı̄h.
. cidyé anumádanti vā´jaih. || 7 ||
sūrı́m

evā´ hı́ te śám. sávanā samudrá

ā´po yátta āsú mádanti dev´ı̄h. |
vı́śvā te ánu jós.yā bhūdgauh ´.
sūr´ı̄m̃
. ścidyádi dhis
. ´
ā . jánān || 8 ||
vés i

ásāma yáthā sus.akhā´ya ena

svabhis..táyo narā´m . saih. |
. ná śám
ásadyáthā na ı́ndro vandanes..thā´s
turó ná kárma náyamāna ukthā´ || 9 ||

vı́s.pardhaso narā´m. ná śám

. sair
asmā´kāsadı́ndro vájrahastah. |
mitrāyúvo ná pū´rpatim
. súśis..tau
madhyāyúva úpa śiks.anti yajñaıh ´ . || 10 ||
 ✸✻✾

✻✳ ❲❤❡♥ t❤✉s✱ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ✐♥❝r❡❛s❡ ✐♥ s✐③❡✱

❤❡ ✐s ♣r❡s❡♥t ❢♦r t❤❡ ♠❡♥ ✐♥ ❛♥ ❡①tr❛♦r❞✐♥❛r② ❞❡❣r❡❡✱
❜♦t❤ Rodas✲❡s r❡❛❞✐❧② ❛r❡ ❢♦r ❤✐♠ ✖ ❛s ✐❢ ❬❜❡✐♥❣ ❛❪ ❧✉r❦✐♥❣ ♣❧❛❝❡✳
Indra ❤❛s ❡q✉✐♣♣❡❞ ❤✐♠s❡❧❢ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤
❛s ✐❢ ✇✐t❤ ❛ s❛❝r✐✜❝✐❛❧ ❡♥❝❧♦s✉r❡❀
❤❡✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r ♦❢ s❡❧❢✲❞❡t❡r♠✐♥❛t✐♦♥✱
❤♦❧❞s t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ✐♥ ❡q✉✐♣♦✐s❡
✐♥ t❤❡ s❛♠❡ ♠❛♥♥❡r ❬❛s ❤❡ ❤♦❧❞s❪ t❤❡ ❝♦❧✉♠♥ ✳ ✶✶
✼✳ ❚♦ ♠❛❦❡ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱
❬✇❤♦❪ ✐♥ ❝❧❛s❤❡s ♦❢ t❤♦s❡ ♣r❡s❡♥t ❬❤❡r❡❪
❬✇❛s❪ ❡①t❡♥❞✐♥❣ ❬❛♥❞❪ ❜❡st✲♣♦ss❡ss✐♥❣ ❛ ♣❛t❤ ❢♦r✇❛r❞✱
❜❡ ❞r❛✇♥ t♦ ❛♥❞ ❢r♦ ❬❞✐✛❡r❡♥t ❜❛tt❧✐♥❣ ❣r♦✉♣s❪✱
t❤♦s❡✱ ✇❤♦ ❝❤❡❡r ✇✐t❤ r✉s❤❡s ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r ❡✈❡♥ t❤❡ ✐♥❝✐t❡r ❤✐♠s❡❧❢✱
❬❜②❪ ❛❝t✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❤❛r♠♦♥② ❬✇✐t❤ ❡❛❝❤ ♦t❤❡r❪✱
❬str❡♥❣t❤❡♥❪ ✐♥ t❤❡ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t✐♦♥ ❬♦❢ ❜❛tt❧❡❪ Indra✱
❬❛♥❞ t❤✉s❪ tr❡♠❜❧✐♥❣ ♦♥❡s✳
✽✳ ❙✐♥❝❡ ♣r❡ss✐♥❣s ❬♦❢ Soma❪ ✐♥ t❤❡ s❡❛ ❬❛r❡❪ ❛✉s♣✐❝✐♦✉s ❢♦r t❤❡❡✱
✶✷
✇❤❡♥ ❞✉r✐♥❣ t❤❡s❡ ❬❝❧❛s❤❡s❪
❝❡❧❡st✐❛❧ ✇❛t❡rs ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t❡ ❬t❤❡ ♠❡♥❪ ❢♦r t❤❡❡✱
❡✈❡r② ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥ ✶✸
s❤♦✉❧❞ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ r❡❛❞② ❢♦r t❤❡❡ t♦ ✈✐s✐t ✖
✐❢ t❤♦✉ ③❡❛❧♦✉s❧② ❛r♦✉s❡ ♣❡♦♣❧❡✱ ❡✈❡♥ t❤❡ ✐♥❝✐t❡rs✳
✾✳ ■♥ ❛s ♠✉❝❤ ❛s ✇❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡ q✉✐t❡ ❧✐❦❡✲♠✐♥❞❡❞ ✇✐t❤ t❤✐s ♦♥❡✱
❬❛♥❞❪ ✇❡❧❧✲❛✐❞❡❞ ❜② ♠❡♥✬s s♣❡❧❧s✱
✐♥ ❛s ♠✉❝❤ ❛s Indra ✇✐❧❧ ❜❡ ♠✐♥❞❢✉❧ ♦❢ ♦✉r ♣r❛✐s❡s✱
❤❡ ❬✇✐❧❧ ❜❡❪ ❣✉✐❞✐♥❣ r❡❝✐t❡❞ ✈❡rs❡s
❛s ❛ q✉✐❝❦❬✲❛❝t✐♥❣❪ ❬❛rt✐s❛♥ ♣❡r❢♦r♠s❪ ❛♥ ❛❝t✐♦♥✳
✶✵✳ ❋r♦♠ s♦♠❡ ♦♥❡ ❡♥✈✐♦✉s ✖ ❛s ✐❢ ❜② ♠❡♥✬s s♣❡❧❧s ✖
Indra✱ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲✐♥✲❤❛♥❞s✱ s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ♦✉rs✳
❆s t❤♦s❡ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ ❛ ♣❛tr♦♥ ❬❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤❪
♦✈❡rs❡❡r ♦❢ ❛ ❢♦rtr❡ss ✉♥❞❡r ❛ ❣♦♦❞ ❣♦✈❡r♥❛♥❝❡✱
t❤♦s❡ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ t❤❡ ✐♠♣❛rt✐❛❧ ♦♥❡
❡♥❞❡❛✈♦r t♦ ❛❧❧✉r❡ ❬❤✐♠❪ ✇✐t❤ ✜r❡ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣s✳

✶✶ s♣✐♥❡ ❝♦❧✉♠♥
✶✷ t❤❡ ❤❡❛rt ❝❛❦r❛
✶✸ ❧✐t✳ ✏❝♦✇✑
✸✼✵

yajñó hı́ .sméndram . káścidr.ndháñ

juhurān.áścinmánasā pariyán |
tı̄rthé nā´chā tātr..sān.ámóko
dı̄rghó ná sidhrámā´ kr.n.otyádhvā || 11 ||

mó .sū´ n.a indrā´tra pr.tsú deváır

ásti hı́ .smā te śus.minnavayā´h. |
maháścidyásya mı̄..dhús.o yavyā´
havı́s.mato marúto vándate g´ı̄h. || 12 ||

es.á stóma indra túbhyamasmé

. harivo vido nah. |
eténa gātúm
ā´ no vavr.tyāh. suvitā´ya deva
vidyā´mes.ám
. vr.jánam . jı̄rádānum || 13 ||
 ✸✼✶

✶✶✳ ❙✐♥❝❡ s✉r❡❧② ❛♥② ✜r❡ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣ ❬✐s❪ ♣r♦♠♦t✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡ st❛t❡ ♦❢❪ Indra✱
❣♦✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❝✐r❝❧❡s ✇✐t❤ ❬❤✐s❪ ♠✐♥❞ ❬❛❜♦✉t ✐t❪
❬✐s❪ ❡✈❡♥ ❣♦✐♥❣ ❛str❛②✳
❆ ❧♦♥❣ ❥♦✉r♥❡② ❞♦❡s ♥♦t ❜r✐♥❣s t♦ t❤❡ r❡❢✉❣❡ ❬♦❢ Indra❪ ❤✐♠
✇❤♦ t♦ ❤❛s ♣♦t❡♥t✐❛❧ t♦ s✉❝❝❡❡❞
t❤❡ ✇❛② ❬✐t ❜r✐♥❣s❪ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ❤❛s ❜❡❝♦♠❡ t❤✐rst②
t♦ ❛ ❞❡s❝❡♥t t♦ ❛ r✐✈❡r✳
✶✷✳ ❇② ♥♦ ♠❡❛♥s ❢♦r ♦✉r s❛❦❡✱ ❖ Indra✱
❬❣❡t❪ ✐♥ t❤✐s ❝❛s❡ ✐♥t♦ ❝♦♥t❡sts ✇✐t❤ deva✲s✱
s✐♥❝❡ t❤❡r❡ ✐s ❢♦r t❤❡❡✱ ❖ ✜❡r② ♦♥❡✱ ❛ s❤❛r❡ ✐♥ t❤❡ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣ ✖
❛❧s♦ ❢r♦♠ ❛ ❣r❡❛t ❬♣♦❡t❪ ✇❤♦s❡ s♦♥❣ ✈❡♥❡r❛t❡s ✐♥ ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥❝❡
❣✐✈✐♥❣✲❣❡♥❡r♦✉s❧② ♦✛❡r✐♥❣✲♦❜❧❛t✐♦♥s Marut✲s✳
✶✸✳ ❚❤✐s ❤②♠♥ ♦❢ ♣r❛✐s❡ ❢♦r t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Indra✱
❬r♦❛♠s ❜❡t✇❡❡♥ t❤❡ t✇♦ Rodas✲❡s❪ ✐♥ ✉s ✖
✇✐t❤ ✐t t❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ ✜♥❞ ❢♦r ✉s ❛♥ ✉♥✐♠♣❡❞❡❞ ✇❛②✱
❖ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞✲❜②✲t❛✇♥②✲♦♥❡s ♦♥❡✦
❚❤♦✉ s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ t✉r♥❡❞ ✉s ❜❛❝❦ t♦ ❛♥ ❡❛s② ♣❛ss❛❣❡✱ ❖ deva✦
▼❛② ✇❡ ✜♥❞ ♣♦ss❡ss✐♥❣ s❛♣ ❛♥❞ str❡♥❣t❤✱
q✉✐❝❦ t♦ ❜❡st♦✇ ❬s❛❝r✐✜❝✐❛❧❪ ❡♥❝❧♦s✉r❡✦
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✳✶✼✹

Agastya Maitrāvarun.i | Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra

tvám. rā´jendra yé ca devā´

ráks.ā n.´r̄npāhyàsura tvámasmā´n |
tvám. sátpatirmaghávā nas
tárutrastvám . satyó vásavānah. sahodā´h. || 1 ||

dáno vı́śa indra mr.dhrávācah.

saptá yátpúrah. śárma śā´radı̄rdárt |
.rn.órapó anavadyā´rn.ā
yū´ne vr.trám
. purukútsāya randhı̄h. || 2 ||

ájā vŕ.ta indra śū´rapatnı̄r

dyā´m. ca yébhih. puruhūta nūnám |
ráks.o agnı́maśús.am . tū´rvayān.am.
sim. hó ná dáme ápām . si vástoh. || 3 ||

śés.annú tá indra sásminyónau

práśastaye pávı̄ravasya mahnā´ |
. syáva yádyudhā´ gā´s
sr.jádárn.ām
tı́s..thaddhárı̄ dhr..satā´ mr..s.ta vā´jān || 4 ||

váha kútsamindra yásmiñcākán

syūmanyū´ .rjrā´ vā´tasyā´śvā |
prá sū´raścakrám
. vr.hatādabh´ı̄ke bhı́
′

spŕ.dho yāsis.advájrabāhuh. || 5 ||
 ✸✼✸

✶✳ ❚❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❛r❡ ❛ s♦✈❡r❡✐❣♥✱ ❛♥❞ t❤♦s❡ ✇❤♦ ❛r❡ deva✲s✳

❉♦ ❣✉❛r❞ ♠❡♥✱ ❞♦ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ asura✶ ✱ ♣r♦t❡❝t ✉s✦
❚❤♦✉✱ ❛ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦✈❡rs❡❡r ♦❢ ✇❤❛t✬s r❡❛❧✱ ❬❛r❡❪ ❝❛rr②✐♥❣ ✉s ❛❝r♦ss✱
t❤♦✉✱ t❤❡ ❣❡♥✉✐♥❡ ♦♥❡ ✇❤♦s❡ ✇❡❛❧t❤ ✐s ❜r❡❛t❤✱
❬❛r❡❪ ❣✐✈✐♥❣ ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ str❡♥❣t❤✳
✷✳ ❚❤♦✉ s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ t❛♠❡❞ t❤♦s❡ tr✐❜❡s ❬♦❢ ❞❡♠♦♥s❪
✇❤♦s❡ s♣❡❡❝❤ ✐s ✐♥s✉❧t✐♥❣✱
✇❤❡♥ t❤♦✉ ❜r♦❦❡ ♦♣❡♥ t❤❡ s❡✈❡♥ ✏❛✉t✉♠♥❛❧✑
✷ str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞s ✖
❬t❤❡✐r❪ r❡❢✉❣❡✳
❚❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ ❝♦♠❡ ❛❝r♦ss ✢♦♦❞✐♥❣ ✇❛t❡rs✱ ❖ ❢❛✉❧t❧❡ss ♦♥❡✱
t❤♦✉ s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ ♠❛❞❡ Vr.tra t♦ s✉❜❥❡❝t t♦ ②♦✉♥❣ Purukutsa✳
✸✳ ❖ Indra✱ ❤❡r❞ tr♦♦♣s
✸ ✖ ♠✐str❡ss❡s ♦❢ ❛❣❡♥t✲♦❢✲❝❤❛♥❣❡ ✖
✹
❛♥❞ ❬t❤♦s❡ ❪ ✇✐t❤ ✇❤✐❝❤ ❬t❤♦✉ ❤♦❧❞ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥❪ ♥♦✇
✺
❬✐♥ ❡q✉✐♣♦✐s❡❪ ✱ ❖ ♠✉❝❤ ✐♥✈♦❦❡❞ ♦♥❡✦
❉♦ ❣✉❛r❞ ✉♥❛❜❛t✐♥❣ ♦✈❡r♣♦✇❡r✐♥❣ ❬✐♥♥❡r❪ ✜r❡✱
❧✐❦❡ ❛ ❧✐♦♥ ❬❣✉❛r❞s❪ ❬✐ts❪ ♠♦r♥✐♥❣ ❛❝t✐♦♥s ❛t ❤♦♠❡✦
✹✳ ❙♦ ♥♦✇ t❤❡② ✱ ❖
✻ Indra✱ r❡♣♦s❡ ✐♥ t❤❛t
✖ ✐♥ t❤❡ ✇♦♠❜ ❬♦❢ .rta❪ ✖
❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ s✉✣❝✐❡♥❝②
❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ✏❧❛♥❝❡✑ ✬s ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ✐♥❝r❡❛s❡ ✐♥ s✐③❡✳
❍❡ ✇✐❧❧ ❧❡t ❧♦♦s❡ t❤❡ ✢♦♦❞✐♥❣ ✇❛t❡rs ✇❤❡♥ ❜② ✜❣❤t✐♥❣
✼
✽
❬❤❡ ❞✐s♠✐ss❡s ❞❡♠♦♥s✬❪ ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s ❀
❤❡ s❤❛❧❧ st❛♥❞ ❜② t❤❡ t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s✱
❤❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❜♦❧❞❧② ❝❧❡❛♥s❡ ❬❤✐s ♦✇♥❪ r✉s❤❡s ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✳
✺✳ ❈♦♥✈❡② t♦✇❛r❞s Kutsa✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❬t❤❛t❪ ✇❤✐❝❤ ❤❡ ❤❛❞ ❡♥❥♦②❡❞ ✖
t❤❡ t✇♦ ❣♦✐♥❣✲str❛✐❣❤t s❡❡❦✐♥❣✲t♦✲✉♥✐t❡✲✇✐t❤✲❡❛❝❤✲♦t❤❡r
❤♦rs❡s
✾ ♦❢ ❲✐♥❞✳
❲❡r❡ t❤❛t ❞✉r✐♥❣ ❛♥ ❛❞✈❡rs✐t②✱
t❤❡ ✐♥❝✐t❡r
✶✵ ✇♦✉❧❞ ✜rst t❡❛r t❤❡ ✇❤❡❡❧✶✶ ✱
❤❡✱ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲✐♥✲❛r♠s✱ ✇♦✉❧❞ ❛tt❛❝❦ ❛❞✈❡rs❛r✐❡s✳

✶ ❛ ❣✉✐❞✐♥❣ s♣✐r✐t
✷ ❂ r✐♣❡✱ ♠❛t✉r❡
✸ t❤❡ ✐♥♥❡r ✇❛t❡rs
✹ ♣r♦❜✳ Marut✲s
✺ s❡❡ ✶✳✶✼✸✳✻❞
✻ ❞r♦♣s ♦❢ Soma ✖ s❡❡ ✾✳✶✸✳✾❝
✼ ✜❣❤t✐♥❣ ✏tr✐❜❡s ❬♦❢ ❞❡♠♦♥s❪ ✇❤♦s❡ s♣❡❡❝❤ ✐s ✐♥s✉❧t✐♥❣✑ ✖ ✈❡rs❡ ✷✳
✽ ❧✐t✳ ✏❝♦✇s✑
✾ ♣r♦❜✳ prāna ❛♥❞ apāna
.
✶✵ Indra
✶✶ t❤❡ ✇❤❡❡❧ ♦❢ t❤❡ s✉♥✱ t❤❛t ✐s✱ t♦ ❡✛❡❝t ♣s②❝❤❡t❛❝❤✐❛
✸✼✹

jaghanvā´m̃ . indra mitrérūñ

codápravr.ddho harivo ádāśūn |
prá yé páśyannaryamán.am . sácāyós
tváyā śūrtā´ váhamānā ápatyam || 6 ||

rápatkavı́rindrārkásātau
ks.ā´m
. dāsā´yopabárhan.ı̄m
. kah. |
kárattisró maghávā dā´nucitrā
nı́ duryon.é kúyavācam . mr.dhı́ śret || 7 ||

sánā tā´ ta indra návyā ā´guh.

sáho nábhó ′viran.āya pūrv´ı̄h. |
bhinátpúro ná bhı́do ádevı̄r
nanámo vádharádevasya pı̄yóh. || 8 ||

tvám
. dhúnirindra dhúnimatı̄rr.n.ór
apáh. sı̄rā´ ná srávantı̄h. |
prá yátsamudrámáti śūra párs.i
pāráyā turváśam . yádum . svastı́ || 9 ||

tvámasmā´kamindra viśvádha syā

avr.kátamo narā´m . nr.pātā´ |
. spr.dhā´m
sá no vı́śvāsām . sahodā´
´
vidyāmes.ám . vr.jánam. jı̄rádānum || 10 ||
 ✸✼✺

✻✳ ❬❚❤♦✉❪ ❤❛✈❡ str✉❝❦ t❤♦s❡ ✇❤♦ ❛r❡ ♦❢ ❞✐✈✐❞❡❞ ❛❧❧✐❛♥❝❡✱

❬❛♥❞✱❪ ❬❛❢t❡r t❤♦✉ ✇❡r❡❪ ♠❛❞❡ ✐♥t❡♥s❡ ❜② ❛♥✐♠❛t✐♥❣ ❬❞r✐♥❦❪✱
❖ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞✲❜②✲t❛✇♥②✲♦♥❡s ♦♥❡✱
❬t❤♦✉ str✉❝❦❪ ✐♠♣✐♦✉s ♦♥❡s❀
❬t❤♦s❡❪ ✇❤♦ s❤❛❧❧ ❧♦♦❦ ❢♦rt❤ t♦ ♥❡❣♦t✐❛t✐♦♥s
✶✷
✐♥ t❤❡ ♣r❡s❡♥❝❡ ♦❢ ❬t❤❡✐r❪ ❢❛♠✐❧② ✖
❬t❤♦✉❣❤❪ ❝r✉s❤❡❞ ❜② t❤❡❡✱
❬t❤❡② ✇✐❧❧ ❜❡❪ ❝❛rt✐♥❣ ❬❛✇❛② t❤❡✐r❪ ♦✛s♣r✐♥❣s✳
✼✳ ❉✉r✐♥❣ ❝r❡❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❛ ❤②♠♥ ♦❢ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t✐♦♥✱ ❖ Indra✱
❛ ♣♦❡t s❤❛❧❧ ✇❤✐s♣❡r✱
✏❍❡ s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ ♠❛❞❡ t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤ ❛ ♣✐❧❧♦✇ ❢♦r t❤❡ ❞❡♠♦♥✳
●❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡ s❤❛❧❧ ♠❛❦❡ t❤r❡❡ ❬✇❛t❡rs❪
t♦ ❤❛✈❡ ♠❛♥✐❢♦❧❞ ❞r♦♣s✳
❍❡ s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ ✜①❡❞ ✐♥ ❛ ❜✐♥❞ ❢♦✉❧✲s♣❡❛❦✐♥❣ ♦♥❡✳✑
✶✸
✽✳ ❚❤♦s❡ ❛r❡ t❤②✱ ❖ Indra ❛♥❝✐❡♥t ❬❞❡❡❞s❪✳
❆❜✉♥❞❛♥t ❢r❡s❤ ❬✇❛t❡rs✱❪ ❬t❤❛t ❛r❡ ❧✐❦❡❪ ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ ✈❛♣♦r
❢♦r ❧❛❝❦✐♥❣ r❡s♣✐t❡ ❬✇❛rr✐♦r✱❪ ❤❛✈❡ ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤❡❞✳
❖♥❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❞✐s✐♥t❡❣r❛t❡ ❞✐s✐♥t❡❣r❛t✐♥❣ ♣r♦❢❛♥❡ ❬✇❛t❡rs❪
❛s ✐❢ ❬t❤❡② ✇❡r❡❪ ✇❛❧❧s✱
s♦ t❤❛t t❤♦✉ ❬✇♦✉❧❞❪ ❜❡♥❞ t❤❡ ❞❡str✉❝t✐✈❡ ✇❡❛♣♦♥
♦❢ t❤❡ ♣r♦❢❛♥❡ s❝♦r♥❢✉❧ ♦♥❡✳
✶✹
✾✳ ❚❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ t✉♠✉❧t✉♦✉s✱
s❤❛❧❧ ❝♦♠❡ ❛❝r♦ss t✉♠✉❧t✉♦✉s ✇❛t❡rs
❧✐❦❡ r✉♥♥❡❧s ❬❝♦♠❡ ❛❝r♦ss❪ ✢♦✇✐♥❣ str❡❛♠s✳
❲❤❡♥ t❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ ❝r♦ss ♦✈❡r t❤❡ s❡❛
✶✺ ✱ ❖ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱
❜r✐♥❣ s✉❝❝❡ss❢✉❧❧② ♦✈❡r Turvaśa✱ Yadu✦
✶✻
✶✵✳ ❚❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❝❛♥ ❜❡ ❢♦r ✉s ♦♥ ❛❧❧ ♦❝❝❛s✐♦♥s
t❤❡ ❧❡❛st t❡❛r✐♥❣✲♠❡♥✲❛♣❛rt✱ ❛ ♣r♦t❡❝t♦r ♦❢ ♠❡♥✳
❍❡✱ ❣✐✈✐♥❣ ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ str❡♥❣t❤✱
❬❝❛♥ ❜❡❪ ❢♦r ✉s ❬t❤❡ s❧❛②❡r❪ ♦❢ ❛❧❧ ❛❞✈❡rs❛r✐❡s✳
▼❛② ✇❡ ✜♥❞ ♣♦ss❡ss✐♥❣ s❛♣ ❛♥❞ str❡♥❣t❤✱
q✉✐❝❦ t♦ ❜❡st♦✇ ❬s❛❝r✐✜❝✐❛❧❪ ❡♥❝❧♦s✉r❡✦

✶✷ ❧✐t✳ Aryaman
✶✸ t❤✐s s♦✉♥❞s ❧✐❦❡ ❛ s♣❡❧❧ ❢♦r ❝♦♠♣♦s✐♥❣ ✐♥s♣✐r✐♥❣ ♣♦❡tr②
✶✹ t❤✐s ❧✐♥❡ ✐s t❤❡ s❛♠❡ ❛s ✷✳✶✾✳✼❞
✶✺ ❤❡❛rt ❝❛❦r❛
✶✻ t❤✐s st❛♥③❛ ✐s t❤❡ s❛♠❡ ❛s ✻✳✷✵✳✶✷
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✳✶✼✺

Agastya Maitrāvarun.i | ✶ Skhandogrı̄vı̄✱ ✷✕✺ Anus..tubh✱ ✻ Tris..tubh

| t♦ Indra

mátsyápāyi te máhah. pā´trasyeva harivo matsaró mádah. |

vŕ..sā te vŕ..sn.a ı́ndurvāj´ı̄ sahasrasā´tamah. || 1 ||

ā´ naste gantu matsaró vŕ..sā mádo váren.yah. |

sahā´vām̃
. indra sānası́h. pr.tanās.ā´..dámartyah. || 2 ||

. hı́ śū´rah. sánitā codáyo mánus.o rátham |

tvám
sahā´vāndásyumavratámós.ah. pā´tram . ná śocı́s.ā || 3 ||

mus.āyá sū´ryam . kave cakrám´ı̄śāna ójasā |

váha śús.n.āya vadhám . vā´tasyā´śvaih. || 4 ||
. kútsam

śus.mı́ntamo hı́ te mádo dyumnı́ntama utá krátuh. |

vr.traghnā´ varivovı́dā mam
. sı̄s..thā´ aśvasā´tamah. || 5 ||

yáthā pū´rvebhyo jaritŕ.bhya indra

máya ivā´po ná tŕ..syate babhū´tha |
tā´mánu tvā nivı́dam . johavı̄mi
vidyā´mes.ám. vr.jánam . jı̄rádānum || 6 ||
 ✸✼✼

✶✳ ❉♦ t❤♦✉ ❡①✉❧t✦ ❚❤② ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ str❡♥❣t❤ ✇❛s ❞r✉♥❦

❧✐❦❡ ❣♦❜❧❡t✬s ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t✐♥❣ ✇✐♥❡ ❬✇❛s❪✱
❖ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞✲❜②✲t❛✇♥②✲♦♥❡s ♦♥❡✦
❆ ❜✉❧❧ ❢♦r ❜✉❧❧ t❤❡❡ ✖ ♣♦ss❡ss✐♥❣ t❤❡ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r
❜❡st✲❛t✲♣r♦❝✉r✐♥❣✲t❤♦✉s❛♥❞❬✲❣✐❢ts❪ Indu ✳✶
✷✳ ▼❛② ♦✉r ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t✐♥❣ ❜✉❧❧ ♠❛❦❡ ❛♥ ❛♣♣❡❛r❛♥❝❡ ❢♦r t❤② s❛❦❡ ✖
✷
t❤❡ t♦✲❜❡✲♣r❡❢❡rr❡❞ ❬t♦ ❛❧❧ ♦t❤❡rs❪ ✇✐♥❡ ❬t❤❛t ✐s❪
❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ str❡♥❣t❤✱
❧❛❞❡♥ ✇✐t❤ s♣♦✐❧s✱ ♣r❡✈❛✐❧✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❜❛tt❧❡s✱ ✐♠♠♦rt❛❧✳
✸✳ ❙✐♥❝❡ t❤♦✉✱ ❛♥ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱ ♦♥❡ ✇❤♦ ♣r♦❝✉r❡s✱
s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ ✐♠♣❡❧❧❡❞ t❤❡ ❝❤❛r✐♦t ♦❢ ❬t❤❡❪ ♠❛♥✱
t❤♦✉✱ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ str❡♥❣t❤✱ s❤❛❧❧ ❜✉r♥
✉♥❝♦♥str❛✐♥❡❞ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡ t♦ s✉✛❡r ✇❛♥t ✖
❧✐❦❡ ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ♣r♦t❡❝t✐♦♥ ✇✐t❤ ❛ ✢❛♠❡✳
✹✳ ❇❡✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❝❤❛r❣❡ t❤r♦✉❣❤ ❢r❡♥③②✱
st❡❛❧ s✉♥✬s ✇❤❡❡❧✱ ❖ ❣✐❢t❡❞ ✇✐t❤ ✐♥s✐❣❤t✦
❈♦♥✈❡② Kutsa ✖ ❛ ❞❡str✉❝t✐♦♥ t♦ Śus.n.a ✖
❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❲✐♥❞✬s ❤♦rs❡s✳
✺✳ ❙✐♥❝❡ t❤❡ ✇✐♥❡ ❢♦r t❤❡❡ ✐s t❤❡ ♠♦st ✜❡r② ♦♥❡
❛♥❞ ❬✐ts❪ r❡s♦✉r❝❡❢✉❧♥❡ss ✐s t❤❡ ♠♦st ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t✐♥❣ ❬♦❢ ❞✐✣❝✉❧t✐❡s❪✱
t❤♦✉✱ t❤❡ ❜❡st ❛t ♣r♦❝✉r✐♥❣ ❤♦rs❡s✱ ❝❛♥ t❤✐♥❦ ✇✐t❤ ❬t❤❡ ❤❡❧♣ ♦❢❪
Vrtra✲s❧❛②✐♥❣ ✜♥❞✐♥❣✲♠❡♥t❛❧✲s♣❛❝❡ ❬✇✐♥❡ ❪✳ ✸
✻✳ ❆s. ❢♦r ♣r❡✈✐♦✉s ✐♥✈♦❦❡rs ❬♦❢ t❤❡❡❪✱ ❖ Indra✱
t❤♦✉ ❤❛s ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❬❢♦r ♠❡❪ ❥✉st ❜❛❧❛♥❝✐♥❣ ✖
❧✐❦❡ ✇❛t❡rs t♦ ❬s♦♠❡♦♥❡❪ t❤✐rst②✳
❆❝❝♦r❞✐♥❣ t♦ t❤❛t ✐♥str✉❝t✐♦♥✱ ■ s✉♠♠♦♥ t❤❡❡✦
▼❛② ✇❡ ✜♥❞ ♣♦ss❡ss✐♥❣ s❛♣ ❛♥❞ str❡♥❣t❤✱
q✉✐❝❦ t♦ ❜❡st♦✇ ❬s❛❝r✐✜❝✐❛❧❪ ❡♥❝❧♦s✉r❡✦

✶ t❤❡ ♣✉r❡st ❢♦r♠ ♦❢ Soma

✷ Soma
✸ Soma
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✳✶✼✻

Agastya Maitrāvarun.i | ✶✕✺ Anus..tubh✱ ✻ Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra

mátsi no vásya .is..taya ı́ndramindo vŕ..sā´ viśa |

.rghāyámān.a invasi śátrumánti ná vindasi || 1 ||

tásminnā´ veśayā gı́ro yá ékaścars.an.ı̄nā´m |

ánu svadhā´ yámupyáte yávam . ná cárkr..sadvŕ..sā || 2 ||

yásya vı́śvāni hástayoh. páñca ks.itı̄nā´m

. vásu |
spāśáyasva yó asmadhrúgdivyévāśánirjahi || 3 ||

ásunvantam
. samam. jahi dūn.ā´śam
. yó ná te máyah. |
asmábhyamasya védanam. daddhı́ sūrı́ścidohate || 4 ||

ā´vo yásya dvibárhaso ′rkés.u sānus.ágásat |

ājā´vı́ndrasyendo prā´vo vā´jes.u vājı́nam || 5 ||

yáthā pū´rvebhyo jaritŕ.bhya indra

máya ivā´po ná tŕ..syate babhū´tha |
tā´mánu tvā nivı́dam . johavı̄mi
vidyā´mes.ám vr
. . jánam . jı̄rádānum || 6 ||
 ✸✼✾

✶✳ ❉♦ t❤♦✉ ❡①✉❧t✦ ❋♦r ♦✉r ❢♦r❛② ❢♦r ✇❤❛t✬s ❜❡tt❡r✱

✶
❖ Indu✱ ❜❡✐♥❣ ❛ ❜✉❧❧✱ ❡♥t❡r Indra✦
❘❛✈✐♥❣✱ t❤♦✉ ✐♥✈✐❣♦r❛t❡✳
❚❤♦✉ ❡①♣❡r✐❡♥❝❡ ❛♥ ❡♥❡♠② ❛s ✐❢ ❬❜❡✐♥❣❪ ❜❡❢♦r❡ ❬❤✐♠❪✳
✷✳ ❉♦ t❤♦✉ ♠❛❦❡ t❤❡ ❝❤❛♥ts ♣❡r✈❛❞❡ ❤✐♠
✷
✇❤♦ ❛❧♦♥❡ ❬r✉❧❡s ♦✈❡r❪ t❤♦s❡ t❤❛t ❞r❛✇ t♦ t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s ✱
✸ ✹
❢♦❧❧♦✇✐♥❣ ✇❤♦♠ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r ♦❢ s❡❧❢✲❞❡t❡r♠✐♥❛t✐♦♥ ✐s s♦✇♥
❧✐❦❡ ❜❛r❧❡② ❬✇✐❧❧ ❜❡ s♦✇♥❪
❬✇❤❡r❡❪ ❛♥ ♦① s❤❛❧❧ r❡♣❡❛t❡❞❧② ♠❛❦❡ ❢✉rr♦✇s✳
✸✳ ■♥ ✇❤♦s❡ ❤❛♥❞s ❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣ ❬❛✉s♣✐❝✐♦✉s ❪ ✱
✺ ✻
❬❤❡ ✐s❪ t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ✜✈❡ tr✐❜❡s✳
❉♦ t❤♦✉ ♠❛❦❡ t❤②s❡❧❢ s❡❡ ❝❧❡❛r❧② ✇❤♦ ❜❡❛r ♠❛❧✐❝❡ ❛❣❛✐♥st ✉s✦
▲✐❦❡ ❝❡❧❡st✐❛❧ ✢❛s❤ ♦❢ ❧✐❣❤t♥✐♥❣✱ str✐❦❡ ❬t❤❡♠❪✦
✹✳ ❉♦ str✐❦❡ ❡✈❡r② ♥♦♥✲♣r❡ss✐♥❣❬✲Soma❪✱ ❞✐✣❝✉❧t t♦ ❦♥♦❝❦ ♦✉t ♦♥❡
✇❤♦ ✐s ♥♦t ❜r✐♥❣✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❜❛❧❛♥❝❡ ❢♦r t❤② s❛❦❡✦
●✐✈❡ ❤✐s ♣r♦♣❡rt② t♦ ✉s✱
❡✈❡♥ ❬✐❢❪ ❤❡ r❡❣❛r❞s ❤✐♠s❡❧❢ ❛s ❛♥ ✐♥st✐t✉t♦r ♦❢ ❛ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡✦
✺✳ ❚❤♦✉ ❤❡❧♣❡❞ ❬❤✐♠❪ ✐♥ ✇❤♦s❡ ❤②♠♥s ♦❢ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t✐♦♥
♦❢ t❤❡ t✇✐❝❡✲s✇♦❧❧❡♥ ♦♥❡ ❤❡ ✇❛s ✇✐t❤♦✉t ❛♥ ❡①❝❡♣t✐♦♥✳
✼
■♥ ❛ ❝♦♥t❡st t❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indu✱ ❞✐❞ ❢✉rt❤❡r ❬❛♥ ❛❞❡♣t❪ ♦❢ Indra
❞✉r✐♥❣ r✉s❤❡s ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱ ❝❛♣❛❜❧❡ ♦❢ r✉s❤❡s ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r ❬❛♥ ❛❞❡♣t❪✳
✻✳ ❆s ❢♦r ♣r❡✈✐♦✉s ✐♥✈♦❦❡rs ❬♦❢ t❤❡❡❪✱ ❖ Indra✱
t❤♦✉ ❤❛s ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❥✉st ❜r✐♥❣✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❜❛❧❛♥❝❡ ✖
❧✐❦❡ ✇❛t❡rs t♦ ❬s♦♠❡♦♥❡❪ t❤✐rst②✱
❛❝❝♦r❞✐♥❣ t♦ t❤❛t ✐♥str✉❝t✐♦♥✱ ■ s✉♠♠♦♥ t❤❡❡✦
▼❛② ✇❡ ✜♥❞ ♣♦ss❡ss✐♥❣ s❛♣ ❛♥❞ str❡♥❣t❤✱
q✉✐❝❦ t♦ ❜❡st♦✇ ❬s❛❝r✐✜❝✐❛❧❪ ❡♥❝❧♦s✉r❡✦

✶ Indra
✷ Indu
✸ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✶✳✼✳✾
✹ t❤❡ s❡♥s❡s
✺ saubhagā
✻ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✽✳✶✳✸✷❝❞
✼ Indra
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✳✶✼✼

Agastya Maitrāvarun.i | Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra

ā´ cars.an.iprā´ vr..sabhó jánānām .

rā´jā kr..s.tı̄nā´m
. puruhūtá ı́ndrah. |
stutáh. śravasyánnávasópa madrı́g
yuktvā´ hárı̄ vŕ..san.ā´ yāhyarvā´ṅ || 1 ||

yé te vŕ..san.o vr..sabhā´sa indra

brahmayújo vŕ..sarathāso átyāh. |
tā´m̃
. ā´ tis..tha tébhirā´ yāhyarvā´ṅ
hávāmahe tvā sutá indra sóme || 2 ||

ā´ tis..tha rátham

. vŕ..san.am
. vŕ..sā te
sutáh. sómah. páris.iktā mádhūni |
yuktvā´ vŕ..sabhyām. vr..sabha ks.itı̄nā´m
.
háribhyām . yāhi pravátópa madrı́k || 3 ||

ayám . yajñó devayā´ ayám . miyédha

imā´ bráhmān.yayámindra sómah. |
. barhı́rā´ tú śakra prá yāhi
stı̄rn.ám
pı́bā nis.ádya vı́ mucā hárı̄ ihá || 4 ||

ó sús..tuta indra yāhyarvā´ṅ

úpa bráhmān.i mānyásya kāróh. |
vidyā´ma vástorávasā gr.n.ánto
vidyā´mes.ám . jı̄rádānum || 5 ||
. vr.jánam
 ✸✽✶

✶✳ ❍❡r❡ ❬❧❡t ❤❡ ❝♦♠❡❪ ✕ ✜❧❧✐♥❣ ❬✇✐t❤ ✇❤❛t ✐s r❡❛❧❪ t❤♦s❡

✇❤✐❝❤ ❞r❛✇ t♦ t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s ✶ ✱
r❡s❡♠❜❧✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❜✉❧❧ ♦❢ t❤❡ ♣❡♦♣❧❡✱
❦✐♥❣ ♦❢ t❤❡ tr✐❜❡s✱ ♠✉❝❤ ✐♥✈♦❦❡❞ Indra✳
❊✉❧♦❣✐③❡❞✱ ❡♠♣❧♦②✐♥❣ ❛✉❞✐t♦r② ✐♠♣r❡ss✐♦♥s✱
②♦❦✐♥❣ t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ❜✉❧❧s✱
❥♦✉r♥❡② ❤❡r❡✱ ❝♦♠✐♥❣ ❤✐t❤❡r✇❛r❞✱
✇✐t❤ ❛♥ ❛✐❞ t♦ s♦♠❡♦♥❡ ❧✐❦❡ ♠❡✦
✷✳ ❲❤✐❝❤ st❡❡❞s ❬❛r❡❪ ②♦❦❡❞✲❜②✲❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥✱
❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❝❤❛r✐♦t t❤❛t ✐s ❧✐❦❡ ❛ ❜✉❧❧✱
r❡s❡♠❜❧✐♥❣✲❛✲❜✉❧❧ ♦❢ ❜✉❧❧ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Indra✱ r❡s♦rt t♦ t❤♦s❡✦
❯s✐♥❣ t❤❡♠✱ ❥♦✉r♥❡② ❤❡r❡✱ ❝♦♠✐♥❣ ❤✐t❤❡r✇❛r❞✦
❲❡ ✐♥✈♦❦❡ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Indra✱ ✇❤❡♥ Soma ❬✇❛s❪ ♣r❡ss❡❞✳
✸✳ ❬❇❡✐♥❣❪ ❛ ❜✉❧❧✱ r❡s♦rt t♦ ❬❛♥②❪ ❝❤❛r✐♦t t❤❛t ✐s ❧✐❦❡ ❛ ❜✉❧❧✦
❋♦r t❤❡❡ ❬❛r❡❪ ♣r❡ss❡❞ Soma ❬❛♥❞❪ s♣r✐♥❦❧❡❞ s✇❡❡ts ✷ ✳
❨♦❦✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡ ❝❤❛r✐♦t❪ ✇✐t❤ t❛✇♥② ❜✉❧❧s✱
❖ r❡s❡♠❜❧✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❜✉❧❧ ♦❢ t❤❡ tr✐❜❡s✱
❥♦✉r♥❡② ❤❡r❡ ❛❧♦♥❣ t❤❡ s❧♦♣❡ t♦✇❛r❞s s♦♠❡♦♥❡ ❧✐❦❡ ♠❡✦
✹✳ ❚❤✐s ❥♦✉r♥❡②✐♥❣✲t♦✲t❤❡✲deva ✜r❡✲♦✛❡r✐♥❣✱ t❤✐s ❛♣♣♦rt✐♦♥❡❞ ❢✉❡❧✱
t❤❡s❡ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥s✱ t❤✐s Soma✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❬❛r❡ ❢♦r t❤❡❡❪✦
❙❡t ♦✉t t♦✇❛r❞s str❡✇♥ s❛❝r✐✜❝✐❛❧ ❣r❛ss✱ ■ ❜❡❣✱
❖ ❡♠♣♦✇❡r✐♥❣ ♦♥❡✦
❍❛✈✐♥❣ s❡tt❧❡❞ ❬♦♥ ✐t✱❪ ❞r✐♥❦✦
❙❡t ❤❡r❡ ❢r❡❡ t❤❡ t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s✦
✺✳ ❈♦♠✐♥❣ ❤✐t❤❡r✇❛r❞✱ ❤✐❣❤❧② ♣r❛✐s❡❞✱ ❥♦✉r♥❡② ♦♥❧② ❤❡r❡✱ ❖ Indra✱
t♦✇❛r❞s ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥s ♦❢ ✈❡♥❡r❛❜❧❡ s✐♥❣❡r ♦❢ ❡✉❧♦❣✐❡s✦
▼❛② ✇❡✱ ❡①t♦❧❧✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡❡❪✱ ❜② ♠♦r♥✐♥❣✬s ❢❛✈♦✉r
❡①♣❡r✐❡♥❝❡ t❤❡❡✦
▼❛② ✇❡ ✜♥❞ ♣♦ss❡ss✐♥❣ s❛♣ ❛♥❞ str❡♥❣t❤✱
q✉✐❝❦ t♦ ❜❡st♦✇ ❬s❛❝r✐✜❝✐❛❧❪ ❡♥❝❧♦s✉r❡✦

❚❤✐s ❤②♠♥ s❡❡♠s t♦ ❜❡ ❛ s♣❡❧❧ ✉tt❡r❡❞ ❜② ❛ ✇♦♠❛♥ ❞✉r✐♥❣ ❛ r✐t✉❛❧

t❤❛t ❡✐t❤❡r ✐♥❝❧✉❞❡s ♦r ❧❡❛❞s t♦ s♦♠❡ s❡①✉❛❧ ♣r❛❝t✐❝❡s✳

✶ s❡♥s❡s
✷ ♠✐❧❦ ✇✐t❤ ❤♦♥❡②
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✳✶✼✽

Agastya Maitrāvarun.i | Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra

yáddha syā´ ta indra śrus..tı́rásti

yáyā babhū´tha jaritŕ.bhya ūt´ı̄ |
mā´ nah. kā´mam . maháyantamā´ dhag
. páryā´pa āyóh. || 1 ||
vı́śvā te aśyām

ná ghā rā´jéndra ā´ dabhanno

yā´ nú svásārā kr.n.ávanta yónau |
ā´paścidasmai sutúkā aves.an
gámanna ı́ndrah. sakhyā´ váyaśca || 2 ||

jétā nŕ.bhirı́ndrah. pr.tsú śū´rah.

śrótā hávam . nā´dhamānasya kāróh. |
prábhartā rátham . dāśús.a upāká
údyantā gı́ro yádi ca tmánā bhū´t || 3 ||

evā´ nŕ.bhirı́ndrah. suśravasyā´

prakhādáh. pr.ks.ó abhı́ mitrı́n.o bhūt |
samaryá is.á stavate vı́vāci
satrākaró yájamānasya śám . sah. || 4 ||

tváyā vayám . maghavannindra śátrūn

abhı́ .syāma maható mányamānān |
. trātā´ tvámu no vr.dhé bhūr
tvám
vidyā´mes.ám . jı̄rádānum || 5 ||
. vr.jánam
 ✸✽✸

✶✳ ❲❤❡♥ t❤❡r❡ ✐s t❤❛t ✇✐❧❧✐♥❣ s❡r✈✐❝❡ t♦ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Indra✱

t❤r♦✉❣❤ ✇❤✐❝❤ t❤♦✉ ❤❛s ❝♦♠❡ ✐♥t♦ ❜❡✐♥❣
✇✐t❤ ♠❡❛♥s t♦ ❤❡❧♣ ✐♥✈♦❦❡rs✱
♠❛② ✐t ♥♦t ❢❛❧❧ s❤♦rt ♦❢ ♦✉r ♠❛❣♥✐❢②✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡❡❪ ❧♦♥❣✐♥❣✦
✏■ ❝❛♥ ❣❛✐♥ ❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣ ✖ s✉❝❝❡ss✐✈❡❧② ❡❛❝❤ ♦❢ ❬✐♥♥❡r❪ ✇❛t❡rs
♦❢ ❛♥ ❛❣✐t❛t❡❞ t❤❡❡✳✑
✷✳ ❙✉r❡❧②✱ ❦✐♥❣ Indra ✇♦✉❧❞ ♥♦t ❞❡❝❡✐✈❡ ✉s✦
❲❤✐❝❤ t✇♦ s❡❧❢✲✢♦✇✐♥❣ ♦♥❡s
✶ t❤❡②✱ ❡❛s②✲t♦✲♣✉s❤ ❢♦r ❤✐♠ ✇❛t❡rs✱
✷
s❤❛❧❧ ❡✛❡❝t ✐♥ t❤❡ ✇♦♠❜ ✱
❬t❤♦s❡❪ t❤❡② s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ ❬❛❧s♦❪ s❡t ✐♥ ♠♦t✐♦♥✳
❆♥❞✱ ❜❡❝❛✉s❡ ♦❢ ❬♦✉r❪ ❧✐❦❡✲♠✐♥❞❡❞♥❡ss ❬✇✐t❤ ❤✐♠❪✱
Indra s❤❛❧❧ s❡t ♦✉t t♦✇❛r❞s ♦✉r ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❛♥❞ ❜♦❞✐❧② ❡♥❡r❣②✳
✸✳ Indra✱ ❜❡✐♥❣ ❛♥ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡ ✐♥ ❜❛tt❧❡s✱
t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ♠❡♥ ✇✐❧❧ ✇✐♥✱
❤❡ ✇✐❧❧ ❤❡❛r t❤❡ ❝❛❧❧ ♦❢ ❛s❦✐♥❣✲❢♦r✲❤❡❧♣ s✐♥❣❡r ♦❢ ❡✉❧♦❣✐❡s✱
✐♥ t❤❡ ♣r❡s❡♥❝❡ ♦❢ ❛ ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡r ❤❡ ✇✐❧❧ ♣r♦❝✉r❡ ❛ ❝❤❛r✐♦t✳
❍❡ ✇✐❧❧ r❛✐s❡ ✉♣ ❝❤❛♥ts ✐❢✱ ❛t ❧❡❛st✱ ❤❡ ✇♦✉❧❞ ❝♦♠❡ ✐♥t♦ ❜❡✐♥❣✳
✹✳ ❚❤r♦✉❣❤ t❤❡ ✇✐❧❧✐♥❣♥❡ss t♦ ❤❡❛r Indra ❬✐s❪ ✇✐t❤ ♠❡♥✳
❉❡✈♦✉r❡r ♦❢ ♥♦✉r✐s❤♠❡♥ts✱ ❤❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤ t❤♦s❡
✇❤♦ ❛r❡ ❢r✐❡♥❞❧② ❬t♦ ❤✐♠❪✳
❆t ❛ ❝♦♥t❡st✱ ❛t ❛ ❞❡❜❛t❡ ❤❡ ♣r❛✐s❡s ❧✐❜❛t✐♦♥s ✖
❬t❤❡r❡❢♦r❡❪ ❛ r❡❝✐t❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ t❤❡ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡r ❬✐s❪ ❛❧✇❛②s ❡✛❡❝t✐✈❡✳
✺✳ ❚♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s Indra✱
✇❡ ❝❛♥ s✉r♣❛ss ❡♥❡♠✐❡s
t❤❛t ❛r❡ t❤✐♥❦✐♥❣ t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s t♦ ❜❡ ♠✐❣❤t②✳
❚❤♦✉ ❬❛r❡❪ ❬♦✉r❪ ❞❡❢❡♥❞❡r✱
t❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ ❝♦♠❡ ✐♥t♦ ❜❡✐♥❣ t♦ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥ ✉s✳
▼❛② ✇❡ ✜♥❞ ♣♦ss❡ss✐♥❣ s❛♣ ❛♥❞ str❡♥❣t❤✱
q✉✐❝❦ t♦ ❜❡st♦✇ ❬s❛❝r✐✜❝✐❛❧❪ ❡♥❝❧♦s✉r❡✦

✶ ♣r♦❜✳ t❤❡ t✇♦ ❤♦rs❡s ♦❢ ❲✐♥❞ prān.a ❛♥❞ apāna ✖ s❡❡ ✶✳✶✼✹✳✺❛❜
✷ ♣r♦❜✳ svādhis..thāna ❝❛❦r❛
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✷✳✶✶

Gr.tsamada | Virāt.sthānā Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra

śrudh´ı̄ hávamindra mā´ ris.an.yah. syā´ma te dāváne vásūnām |

imā´hı́ tvā´mū´rjo vardháyanti vasūyávah. sı́ndhavonáks.árantah. || 1 ||

sr.jó mah´ı̄rindra yā´ ápinvah.

páris..thitā áhinā śūra pūrv´ı̄h. |
ámartyam . ciddāsám . mányamānam
ávābhinaduktháır vāvr.dhānáh. || 2 ||

ukthés.vı́nnú śūra yés.u cākán

stómes.vindra rudrı́yes.u ca |
túbhyédetā´ yā´su mandasānáh.
prá vāyá ve sisrate ná śubhrā´h. || 3 ||

śubhrám . nú te śús.mam . vardháyantah.

śubhrám . vájram . bāhvórdádhānāh. |
śubhrástvámindra vāvr.dhānó asmé
dā´sı̄rvı́śah. sū´ryen.a sahyāh. || 4 ||

gúhā hitám
. gúhyam . gū..dhám
apsvápı̄vr.tam. māyı́nam . ks.iyántam |
utó apó dyā´m. tastabhv ā´m
. sam
áhannáhim . śūra . || 5 ||
vı̄ryèn a

stávā nú ta indra pūrvyā´ mahā´nyutá

stavāma nū´tanā kr.tā´ni |
stávā vájram . bāhvóruśántam.
stávā hárı̄ sū´ryasya ketū´ || 6 ||

. svārámasvārs..tām |
hárı̄ nú ta indra vājáyantā ghr.taścútam
vı́ samanā´ bhū´miraprathis..tā´ram
. sta párvataścitsaris.yán || 7 ||

nı́ párvatah. sādyáprayuchan

sám. mātŕ.bhirvāvaśānó akrān |
dūré pāré vā´n.ı̄m
. vardháyanta
ı́ndres.itām. dhamánim . paprathannı́ || 8 ||
 ✸✽✺

✶✳ ❍❡❛r t❤❡ ❝❛❧❧✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❞♦ ♥♦t ❢❛✐❧✦

❲♦✉❧❞ ✇❡ r❡❝✐❡✈❡ t❤② ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧ ❬❣✐❢ts❪✦
❙✐♥❝❡ t❤❡s❡ ✐♥✈✐❣♦r❛t✐♥❣ ❬❧✐❜❛t✐♦♥s ❪ ♠❛❦❡ t❤❡❡ str♦♥❣❡r✱
✶
❬t❤❡②✱❪ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ ✇❤❛t✬s ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧✱ ❬❛r❡❪ ❧✐❦❡ ✢♦✇✐♥❣ r✐✈❡rs✳
✷✳ ❘❡❧❡❛s❡✱ ❖ Indra✱ ♠✐❣❤t② ❬✇❛t❡rs❪ ✇❤✐❝❤ t❤♦✉ ❝❛✉s❡❞ t♦ s✇❡❧❧ ✖
♠❛♥② ❬♦❢ t❤❡♠❪✱ s✉rr♦✉♥❞❡❞ ❜② t❤❡ s♥❛❦❡✱ ❖ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✦
❍❡✱ ❣r♦✇✐♥❣ str♦♥❣❡r ✇✐t❤ r❡❝✐t❡❞ ✈❡rs❡s✱
❞✐s♣❡rs❡❞ ❡✈❡♥ t❤❡ ❞❡♠♦♥ t❤♦✉❣❤t t♦ ❜❡ ✐♠♠♦rt❛❧✳
✸✳ ❉✉r✐♥❣ r❡❝✐t❡❞ ✈❡rs❡s ✇✐t❤ ✇❤✐❝❤ ❤❡✱
❖ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱ ✇❛s s❛t✐s✜❡❞✱
❛♥❞ ❞✉r✐♥❣ ❛❣r❡❡❛❜❧❡ t♦ Rudra ❤②♠♥s ♦❢ ♣r❛✐s❡✱ ❖ Indra✱
❥✉st ❢♦r t❤❡❡ ❬❛r❡❪ t❤❡s❡ ❬❧✐❜❛t✐♦♥s❪ ✐♥ ✇❤✐❝❤ ❬t❤♦✉ ❛r❡❪ ❡①❛❧t✐♥❣✱
❛s ❬❥✉st❪ ❢♦r Vāyu t❤❡ r❡♣❧❡♥✐s❤✐♥❣ ♦♥❡s ✢♦✇ ❢♦rt❤✳
✹✳ ❬❚❤❡ ❝❤❛♥ts ❛r❡❪ ♠❛❦✐♥❣ str♦♥❣❡r r❡♣❧❡♥✐s❤✐♥❣ ❢♦r t❤❡❡ ❢❡r✈♦r
❬t❤❡② ❛r❡❪ ♣❧❛❝✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❡♥❤❛♥❝✐♥❣ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t ✐♥t♦ ❛r♠s✳
❚❤♦✉ ❛r❡ r❡✐♥❢♦r❝✐♥❣ ❬✉s❪✱ ❖ Indra✦ ❇❡❝♦♠✐♥❣ str♦♥❣❡r✱
✉s✐♥❣ t❤❡ s✉♥✱ t❤♦✉ ❝❛♥ s✉❜❞✉❡ ❢♦r ✉s ❞❡♠♦♥✐❝ tr✐❜❡s✳
✺✳ ❬❍✐♠✱ ✇❤♦ ✐s❪ ❡st❛❜❧✐s❤❡❞ ✐♥ t❤❡ ❝❛✈❡r♥✱ t♦ ❜❡ ❝♦♥❝❡❛❧❡❞✱
❤✐❞❞❡♥ ✐♥ t❤❡ ✇❛t❡rs
✇❤♦ ❛❜✐❞❡s s❤r♦✉❞❡❞✱ ❤✐♠
✇❤♦ ❤❛s t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❢r❛♠❡ ♣❡r❝❡♣t✐♦♥✱
❛♥❞ ✇❤♦✱ ♠♦r❡♦✈❡r✱ ✐s ♣❛r❛❧✐③✐♥❣ ✇❛t❡rs ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ✖
❤❡ s❧❛②❡❞ ❬❤✐♠✱❪ t❤❡ s♥❛❦❡✱ ❖ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ✈❛❧♦r✦
✻✳ ❙♦ ♥♦✇ ■ s❤❛❧❧ ❡①t♦❧ t❤②✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❣r❡❛t ❛♥❝✐❡♥t ❬❞❡❡❞s❪✱
❛♥❞ ✇❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❡①t♦❧ t❤❡ r❡❝❡♥t ❞❡❡❞s✳
■ s❤❛❧❧ ❡①t♦❧ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ✐s ❞❡s✐r✐♥❣ t❤❡ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧❞ ✐♥ ❤✐s ❛r♠s✱
■ s❤❛❧❧ ❡①t♦❧ t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ❜❛♥♥❡rs ♦❢ t❤❡ s✉♥✳
✼✳ ❚❤②✱ ❖ Indra✱ t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s✱ ❡♠♣❧♦②✐♥❣ ❛ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱
♠❛❞❡ ♦♦③✐♥❣ ✇✐t❤ ❣❤❡❡ s♦✉♥❞❀
❛❧❧ ❛t ♦♥❝❡ t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤ ❡①t❡♥❞❡❞ ❤❡rs❡❧❢✱
t❤❡ ❦♥♦tt② ♦♥❡✱ ❛❜♦✉t t♦ r❛❝❡✱ s❡t ❛t r❡st✳
✽✳ ▲❡t t❤❡ ❦♥♦tt② ♦♥❡ ❜❡ s❡tt❧❡❞✱ ❬t❤♦✉❣❤❪ ♣r❡s❡♥t ❬✐♥ t❤❡ ♠✐♥❞❪❀
✷
t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ♠♦t❤❡rs✱ ❤❡✱ ❡❛❣❡r❧② ❞❡s✐r✐♥❣✱ ❝❛❧❧❡❞ ♦✉t✳
▼❛❦✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♠❡❧♦❞② str♦♥❣❡r ❛t t❤❡ ❢❛rt❤❡st ❡♥❞✱
t❤❡② ❤❛✈❡ s♣r❡❛❞ ✇✐t❤✐♥ ❛♥✐♠❛t❡❞ ❜② Indra ❜❡❧❧♦✇✐♥❣ ✭❄✮✳

✶ isáh
. .
✷ ❧✐t✳ ✏♥♦t ❛❜s❡♥t✑
✸✽✻

ı́ndro mahā´m. sı́ndhumāśáyānam .

māyāvı́nam. vr.trámasphurannı́h. |
árejetām
. ródası̄ bhiyāné
kánikradato vŕ..sn.o asya vájrāt || 9 ||

ároravı̄dvŕ..sn.o asya vájró ′mānus.am

.
yánmā´nus.o nijū´rvāt |
nı́ māyı́no dānavásya māyā´
ápādayatpapivā´nsutásya || 10 ||

pı́bāpibédindra śūra sómam.

mándantu tvā mandı́nah. sutā´sah. |
pr.n.ántaste kuks.´ı̄ vardhayantvitthā´
sutáh. paurá ı́ndramāva || 11 ||

tvé indrā´pyabhūma vı́prā

dhı́yam. vanema .rtayā´ sápantah. |
avasyávo dhı̄mahi práśastim .
sadyáste rāyó dāváne syāma || 12 ||

syā´ma té ta indra yé ta ūt´ı̄

avasyáva ū´rjam. vardháyantah. |
śus.mı́ntamam . yám
. cākánāma
devāsmé rayı́m. rāsi vı̄rávantam || 13 ||

rā´si ks.áyam. rā´si mitrámasmé

rā´si śárdha indra mā´rutam . nah. |
sajós.aso yé ca mandasānā´h.
prá vāyávah. pāntyágran.ı̄tim || 14 ||

vyántvı́nnú yés.u mandasānás

tr.pátsómam . pāhi drahyádindra |
asmā´nsú pr.tsvā´ tarutrā´vardhayo
dyā´m. br.hádbhirarkáıh. || 15 ||

br.hánta ı́nnú yé te tarutrokthébhirvā

sumnámāvı́vāsān |
str.n.ānā´so barhı́h. pastyā`vat
tvótā ı́dindra vā´jamagman || 16 ||
 ✸✽✼

✾✳ Indra ❧❛s❤❡❞ ❛t ❝♦♥str✐❝t✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♠✐❣❤t② str❡❛♠ ✱✸

♣♦ss❡ss✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝♦♥✜❣✉r❡ ❬♦♥❡✬s ❝♦❣♥✐t✐♦♥❪ Vr.tra❀
❜♦t❤ t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤ ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ tr❡♠❜❧❡❞ ❜❡✐♥❣ ❛❢r❛✐❞
♦❢ ❜❡❧❧♦✇✐♥❣ ❜✉❧❧✱ ♦❢ ❤✐s t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✳
✶✵✳ ❚❤❡ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t ♦❢ ❤✐♠✱ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❜✉❧❧✱ r♦❛r❡❞ ❛❣❛✐♥ ❛♥❞ ❛❣❛✐♥
s♦ t❤❛t ❛ ❤✉♠❛♥ ✇♦✉❧❞ ❜✉r♥ ❞♦✇♥ ✐♥❤✉♠❛♥✳
❉r✐♥❦✐♥❣ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❬Soma❪✱ ❤❡ ❝❛✉s❡❞ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡rs
t♦ s❤❛♣❡ ❬♠❡♥t❛❧ ❛♥❞ ♣❤②s✐♦❧♦❣✐❝❛❧ ♣r♦❝❡ss❡s❪
♦❢ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ✐s ❜❡st♦✇✐♥❣ ❛♥❞ ❬t❤✉s❪ ♣♦ss❡ss❡s t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r
t♦ ❝♦♥✜❣✉r❡ ❬♦♥❡✬s ❝♦❣♥✐t✐♦♥❪ t♦ r❡❝❡❞❡✳
✶✶✳ ❏✉st ❞r✐♥❦✱ ❞r✐♥❦ Soma✱ ❖ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡ Indra✦
▲❡t t❤❡ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ♣♦ss❡ss✐♥❣ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t✐♦♥ ❬❞r♦♣s❪ ✐♥✢❛♠❡ t❤❡❡✦
❚❤♦s❡ ❬❞r♦♣s❪ t❤❛t ♥♦✉r✐s❤ t❤② t✇♦ ❝❛✈✐t✐❡s ✖
❧❡t t❤❡♠ ♠❛❦❡ t❤❡❡ str♦♥❣❡r✦
❚❤✉s s❛t✐❛t✐♥❣ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❬Soma ❞r♦♣s❪ ❤❛✈❡ ❤❡❧♣❡❞ Indra✳
✶✷✳ ❲❡✱ ✐♥s♣✐r❡❞✱ ❤❛✈❡ ❛r✐s❡♥ ✐♥ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Indra✱
❬s♦ t❤❛t❪ ✇❡✱ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ ✇✐t❤ ✇❤❛t ✐s ✜tt✐♥❣✱
❝❛♥ ♣❧❛❝❡ ❛ ✈✐s✐♦♥ ✇✐t❤✐♥ ❬t❤②❪ r❡❛❝❤✦
▲❡t ✉s✱ ❬✇❤♦ ❛r❡❪ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ ❛ ❢❛✈♦✉r✱ ♦❜t❛✐♥ ❝♦♠♣❡t❡♥❝②✱
❬s♦ t❤❛t❪ ❡✈❡r② ❞❛② ✇❡ ❝♦✉❧❞ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❡q✉❛❧ t♦ r❡❝❡✐✈❡ t❤② r✐❝❤❡s✦
✶✸✳ ❲❡ ❝❛♥ ❜❡ t❤♦s❡ ✇❤♦ ❬❛r❡❪ ✇✐t❤ t❤②✱ ❖ Indra✱ s✐❞❡✲❡✛❡❝ts❀
s❡❡❦✐♥❣ ❢❛✈♦✉rs✱ ♠❛❦✐♥❣ ✐♥✈✐❣♦r❛t✐♥❣ ❬❧✐❜❛t✐♦♥s❪ str♦♥❣❡r✱
❧❡t ✉s ❜❡ s❛t✐s✜❡❞ ❬♦♥❧②❪ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ♠♦st ✜❡r② ♦♥❡ ❀ ✹
❚❤♦✉ ❣r❛♥t ✉s t❤❡ ❣✐❢t r✐❝❤ ✐♥ ❤❡r♦❡s✳
✶✹✳ ❚❤♦✉ ❣r❛♥t ❛♥ ❛❜♦❞❡✱ t❤♦✉ ❣r❛♥t ✉s ❛♠✐t②✱
t❤♦✉ ❣r❛♥t ✉s✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❛ tr♦♦♣ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ Marut✲s✬ tr❛✐t✳
❱✐t❛❧ ❛✐rs ✇❤✐❝❤ ❛r❡ ❛❝t✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❤❛r♠♦♥② ❛♥❞ ♣r♦❝✉r✐♥❣ ❥♦②
❛❜s♦r❜ t❤❡ ✜rst ❞r❛✉❣❤t ❛s ❛ ❜❧✉❡♣r✐♥t✳
✶✺✳ ❏✉st ❛❝❝❡♣t ❬②❡❪ ♥♦✇ ❬t❤♦s❡❪ ✐♥ ✇❤✐❝❤ ❬❤❡ ✐s❪ ❡①❛❧t✐♥❣✦
❍❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡ s❛t✐❛t❡❞✳ ❉r✐♥❦ Soma st❡❛❞✐❧②✱ ❖ Indra✦
■♥ ❜❛tt❧❡s t❤♦✉ ❡❛s✐❧② ♠❛❞❡ ✉s str♦♥❣❡r✱ ❖ ❝❛rr②✐♥❣ ❛❝r♦ss ♦♥❡✦
❚♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ❡①t❡♥s✐✈❡ ❤②♠♥s ♦❢ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t✐♦♥
❬t❤♦✉ ♠❛❞❡ str♦♥❣❡r❪ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥✳
✶✻✳ ❏✉st t❤❡ ♠✐❣❤t② ♦♥❡s ✇❤✐❝❤ st✐❧❧ ❝❛♥✱ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ r❡❝✐t❡❞ ✈❡rs❡s✱
♣r♦❝✉r❡ t❤②✱ ❖ ❝❛rr②✐♥❣ ❛❝r♦ss ♦♥❡✱ ❜❡♥❡✈♦❧❡♥❝❡✱
str❡✇✐♥❣ ♣r♦✈✐❞✐♥❣ ❛ st❛❧❧ s❛❝r✐✜❝✐❛❧ ❣r❛ss✱
t❤❡② ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤ ✖ ♦♥❧② ❤❡❧♣❡❞ ❜② t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Indra ✖
t❤❡ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✳
✸ Sárasvatı̄ ❛s ✏✢♦✇ ♦❢ s♣❡❡❝❤✑
✹ Soma
✸✽✽

ugrés.vı́nnú śūra mandasānás

trı́kadrukes.u pāhi sómamindra |
pradódhuvachmáśrus.u prı̄n.ānó
yāhı́ háribhyām . sutásya pı̄tı́m || 17 ||

dhis.vā´ śávah. śūra yéna vr.trám

avā´bhinaddā´numaurn.avābhám |
ápāvr.n.orjyótirā´ryāya
nı́ savyatáh. sādi dásyurindra || 18 ||

sánema yé ta ūtı́bhistáranto

vı́śvā spŕ.dha ā´ryen.a dásyūn |
asmábhyam . táttvās..trám
. viśvárūpam
árandhayah. sākhyásya tritā´ya || 19 ||

asyá suvānásya mandı́nastritásya

nyárbudam . vāvr.dhānó astah. |
ávartayatsū´ryo ná cakrám.
bhinádvalámı́ndro áṅgirasvān || 20 ||

nūnám . sā´ te práti váram

. jaritré
duhı̄yádindra dáks.in.ā maghónı̄ |
śı́ks.ā stotŕ.bhyo mā´ti dhagbhágo no
br.hádvadema vidáthe suv´ı̄rāh. || 21 ||
 ✸✽✾

✶✼✳ ❏✉st ✐♥ ❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s ♦♥❡s✱ ❖ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱

❬❞♦ t❤♦✉✱❪ ♣r♦❝✉r✐♥❣ ❥♦②✱
❞r✐♥❦ Soma ❞✉r✐♥❣ ✏t❤r❡❡✲❤♦✇❧s✑✱ ❖ Indra✦
✺
❇❧♦✇✐♥❣ ✐♥t♦ ❜❡❛r❞ ✱ ❣r❛t✐❢②✐♥❣✱
✉s✐♥❣ t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s✱ ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤ t❤❡ ❞r✐♥❦✐♥❣
♦❢ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❬Soma❪✦
✶✽✳ ❊✛❡❝t t❤❛t ✐♠♣✉❧s❡ t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱ ❖ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱
✇✐t❤ ✇❤✐❝❤ t❤♦✉ ♣✐❡r❝❡❞ Vr.tra ✖
t❤❡ ♣❡r♠✐ss✐✈❡ ❞❡s❝❡♥❞❛♥t ♦❢ t❤❡ s♣✐❞❡r✳
❚❤♦✉ ✉♥❝♦✈❡r❡❞ t❤❡ ❧✐❣❤t ❢♦r t❤❛t ❬❛❜♦❞❡❪
t❤❛t ✐s ❝♦♥❞✉❝t✐♥❣ ✉♣✇❛r❞s❀
♦♥ t❤❡ ❧❡❢t s✐❞❡ ❬♦❢ t❤❡ ❜♦❞②❪ t❤❡ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡ t♦ s✉✛❡r ✇❛♥t s✉❜s✐❞❡❞✱
❖ Indra✦
✶✾✳ ▼❛② ✇❡✱ ✇❤♦ ✇✐t❤ t❤② s✐❞❡✲❡✛❡❝ts
❛r❡ ♦✈❡r❝♦♠✐♥❣ ❛❧❧ ❛❞✈❡rs❛r✐❡s✱
❬❛♥❞❪ ✇✐t❤ ❬t❤❡ ❛❜♦❞❡❪ t❤❛t ✐s ❝♦♥❞✉❝t✐♥❣ ✉♣✇❛r❞s
❬❛r❡ ♦✈❡r❝♦♠✐♥❣❪ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡s t♦ s✉✛❡r ✇❛♥t✱ ♦❜t❛✐♥ ❬t❤❛t ❧✐❣❤t❪✦
❬■t ✇❛s❪ ❢♦r ♦✉r s❛❦❡ t❤❛t t❤♦✉ ♠❛❞❡ t❤❡ ❝r❡❛t✐✈❡ ❡♥❡r❣②
t❤❛t ❝❛♥ ❛ss✉♠❡ ❛♥② ❢♦r♠
t♦ s✉❜♠✐t t♦ Trita ♦❢ ❬t❤✐s❪ ❢❡❧❧♦✇s❤✐♣✳
✷✵✳ ❬❈r❡❛t✐✈❡ ❡♥❡r❣②❪ ♦❢ t❤✐s ❡✛✉s✐♥❣ ♣♦ss❡ss✐♥❣ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t✐♦♥ ❬❙♦♠❛❪
❬❜❡❝♦♠❡❪ Trita✬s✳
❇❡❝♦♠✐♥❣ str♦♥❣❡r✱ ❤❡ ♦✈❡rt❤r❡✇ Arbuda❀
❤❡ ❝❛✉s❡❞ ❬✐t❪ t♦ t✉r♥ ❧✐❦❡ t❤❡ ❙✉♥ ✐ts ✇❤❡❡❧✳
❆❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② aṅgiras✲❡s Indra s❤❛❧❧ ♣✐❡r❝❡ t❤❡ ❡♥❝❧♦s✉r❡✳
✷✶✳ ◆♦✇✱ ♠❛② t❤②✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❜r✐♥❣✐♥❣ s❛t✐s❢❛❝t✐♦♥ ❧✐❜❡r❛❧✐t②
②✐❡❧❞ ❢♦r t❤❡ ✐♥✈♦❦❡r t♦ ❤✐s ❤❡❛rt✬s ❝♦♥t❡♥t ❬t❤❛t ❡♥❡r❣②❪✦
❊①❡rt t❤②s❡❧❢ ❢♦r ❤②♠♥ s✐♥❣❡rs✬ s❛❦❡✦
▼❛② ♥♦t ❬t❤✐s❪ ❢♦rt✉♥❡ ♣❛ss ✉s ❜②
s♦ ✇❡✱ ✈❡r② ♠❛♥❧②✱ ❝❛♥ ❛❞❞r❡ss ❛ ❦♥♦✇❧❡❞❣❡✲s❤❛r✐♥❣ s❡ss✐♦♥✦

✺ ♠❛❦✐♥❣ ❡①❤❛❧❛t✐♦♥ str♦♥❣ ❛♥❞ ❡①t❡♥❞✐♥❣ t♦ ♠♦✈❡ ❤❛✐rs ♦❢ t❤❡ ❜❡❛r❞

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✷✳✶✷

Gr.tsamada | Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra

yó jātá evá prathamó mánasvān

devó devā´nkrátunā paryábhūs.at |
yásya śús.mādródası̄ ábhyasetām
.
nr.mn.ásya mahnā´ sá janāsa ı́ndrah. || 1 ||

yáh. pr.thiv´ı̄m
. vyáthamānāmádr.m . had
yáh. párvatānprákupitām̃
. áramn . āt |
yó antáriks.am . vimamé várı̄yo
yó dyā´mástabhnātsá janāsa ı́ndrah. || 2 ||

yó hatvā´himárin.ātsaptá sı́ndhūn

yó gā´ udā´jadapadhā´ valásya |
yó áśmanorantáragnı́m . jajā´na
sam. vŕ.ksamátsu sá janāsa ı́ndrah. || 3 ||

yénemā´ vı́śvā cyávanā kr.tā´ni

yó dā´sam. várn.amádharam . gúhā´kah. |
śvaghn´ı̄va yó jigı̄vā´m̃
. . ámā´dad
laks
aryáh. pus..tā´ni sá janāsa ı́ndrah. || 4 ||

yám. smā pr.chánti kúha séti ghorám

utémāhurnáıs.ó ast´ı̄tyenam |
só aryáh. pus..t´ı̄rvı́ja ivā´ mināti
śrádasmai dhatta sá janāsa ı́ndrah. || 5 ||

yó radhrásyacoditā´ yáh. kr.śásya

yó brahmán.onā´dhamānasya kı̄réh. |
yuktágrāvn.o yó ′vitā´ suśipráh.
sutásomasya sá janāsa ı́ndrah. || 6 ||

yásyā´śvāsah. pradı́śi yásya gā´vo

yásya grā´māyásya vı́śve ráthāsah. |
yáh. sū´ryam. yá us.ásam . jajā´na
´
yó apām ´
. netā sá janāsa ı́ndrah. || 7 ||
 ✸✾✶

✶✳ ❲❤✐❝❤ deva✱ ♠❡r❡❧② ❛r✐s❡♥✱ ❬❜❡✐♥❣❪ t❤❡ ❡❛r❧✐❡st ❬❛♥❞❪ t❤♦✉❣❤t❢✉❧✱

❛tt❡♥❞❡❞ t♦ deva✲s ✇✐t❤ ✉♥❞❡rst❛♥❞✐♥❣✱
❢r♦♠ ✇❤♦s❡ ❢❡r✈♦r ❜♦t❤ Rodas✲❡s tr❡♠❜❧❡❞ ✇✐t❤ ❢❡❛r ✖
❤❡✱ t❤r♦✉❣❤ ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥❝❡ ♦❢ ❝♦✉r❛❣❡✱ ❖ ♣❡♦♣❧❡✱ ✐s Indra✳
✷✳ ❲❤♦ ❣♦✐♥❣ ❛str❛② ❊❛rt❤ ♠❛❞❡ ✜r♠
✇❤♦ ❝❛❧♠❡❞ ❛❣✐t❛t❡❞ ❦♥♦tt② ♦♥❡s
✇❤♦ ❤❛s ❛tt✉♥❡❞ t❤❡ ♠✐❞❞❧❡ r❡❣✐♦♥ t♦ ❜❡ ❜r♦❛❞❡r
✇❤♦ ♣r♦♣♣❡❞ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ✖
❤❡✱ ❖ ♣❡♦♣❧❡✱ ✐s Indra✳
✸✳ ❲❤♦✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ s❧❛②❡❞ t❤❡ s♥❛❦❡✱ r❡❧❡❛s❡❞ s❡✈❡♥ r✐✈❡rs✱
✇❤♦ ❜② t❛❦✐♥❣ ♦✛ ❬t❤❡ ❝♦✈❡r❪ ❞r♦✈❡ ✉♣ t❤❡ ❝♦✇s ♦❢ t❤❡ ❝❛✈❡r♥✱
✇❤♦ ❝r❡❛t❡❞ ✜r❡ ✐♥s✐❞❡ t✇♦ r♦❝❦s✱
❛❜s♦r❜✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❝❧❛s❤❡s ✖ ❤❡✱ ❖ ♣❡♦♣❧❡✱ ✐s Indra✳
✹✳ ❇② ✇❤♦♠ ❛❧❧ t❤❡s❡ ❞✐st✉r❜❛♥❝❡s ❬❛r❡❪ ♠❛❞❡✱
✇❤♦ ♠❛❞❡ t❤❡ s❛✈❛❣❡ ❝❤❛r❛❝t❡r ❬♦❢ ♦♥❡✬s s❡❧❢ ❪
t❡♥❞✐♥❣ ❞♦✇♥✇❛r❞s ✐♥t♦ ❛ ❤✐❞✐♥❣♣❧❛❝❡
✇❤♦✱ ❧✐❦❡ ❛ ❣❛♠❜❧❡r ✇✐t❤ ❛ ✇✐♥♥✐♥❣ t❤r♦✇ ♦❢ ❞✐❝❡ ✱
✶
❤❛✈✐♥❣ s✉r♣❛ss❡❞ t❤❡ ♠❛r❦✱
t♦♦❦ ❤♦❧❞ ♦❢ ❛❝q✉✐s✐t✐♦♥s ♦❢ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ t❡♥❞s ✉♣✇❛r❞s
✷ ✖
❤❡✱ ❖ ♣❡♦♣❧❡✱ ✐s Indra✳
✺✳ ❚❤❡② ✐♥q✉✐r❡ ❛❜♦✉t ❤✐♠✱ ❢r✐❣❤t❢✉❧✱ ✏❲❤❡r❡ ❬✐s❪ ❤❡❄✑
❆♥❞ s❛② ❛❜♦✉t s✉❝❤ ❤✐♠ ✏❚❤✐s ♦♥❡ ❞♦❡s ♥♦t ❡①✐st✑✳
❍❡ ❝✉rt❛✐❧s ✢♦✉r✐s❤✐♥❣ ♦❢ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ t❡♥❞s ✉♣✇❛r❞s
✸
❛s ❞❛rt✐♥❣ ♠♦✈❡♠❡♥ts ❬❞♦❪✳ ❉♦ tr✉st ❤✐♠ ✖
❤❡✱ ❖ ♣❡♦♣❧❡✱ ✐s Indra✳
✻✳ ❲❤♦ ✐s ✐♥❝✐t❡r ♦❢ ❛ ♠❡❡❦ ❬♠❛♥❪✱ ✇❤♦ ♦❢ ❛ ❢❡❡❜❧❡ ♦♥❡✱
✇❤♦ ♦❢ ❛ ❧❡❛r♥❡❞ ♣r✐❡st✱ ♦❢ ❛s❦✐♥❣✲❢♦r✲❤❡❧♣ ♣r❛✐s❡r✱
✇❤♦ ♦❢ ❤✐♠✱ ✇❤♦ ✐s ❥♦✐♥❡❞ ❜② ❛ s✐♥❣❡r✱ ✐s ❤❡❧♣❡r✳
❙❡❧❡❝t✐✈❡
✹ ♦❢ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ Soma ✖
❤❡✱ ❖ ♣❡♦♣❧❡✱ ✐s Indra✳
✼✳ ❯♥❞❡r ✇❤♦s❡ ❞✐r❡❝t✐♦♥ ❬❛r❡❪ ❤♦rs❡s✱
❬✉♥❞❡r❪ ✇❤♦s❡ ❬❞✐r❡❝t✐♦♥ ❛r❡❪ ♦①❡♥✱
❬✉♥❞❡r❪ ✇❤♦s❡ ❬❞✐r❡❝t✐♦♥ ❛r❡❪ tr♦♦♣s✱
❬✉♥❞❡r❪ ✇❤♦s❡ ❬❞✐r❡❝t✐♦♥ ❛r❡❪ ❛❧❧ ❝❤❛r✐♦ts✱
✇❤♦ ❜❡❣♦t t❤❡ ❙✉♥ ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ❉❛✇♥✱
✇❤♦ ✐s ❛ ❣✉✐❞❡ ♦❢ ✇❛t❡rs ✖ ❤❡✱ ❖ ♣❡♦♣❧❡✱ ✐s Indra✳

✶ ❛ss✉♠✐♥❣ ❛❢t❡r ❬❏❛♠✐s♦♥ ❛♥❞ ❇r❡r❡t♦♥✱ ✷✵✶✹✱ ♣✳ ✷✷✼✱✺✽✾❪ t❤❛t śvaghnin❂✏❛

❣❛♠❜❧❡r ✇✐t❤ ❛ ✇✐♥♥✐♥❣ t❤r♦✇ ♦❢ ❞✐❝❡✑
✷ t❤❡ ✐♥♥❡r Soma
✸ t❤❡ ✐♥♥❡r Soma
✹ ❧✐t✳ ✏❤❛✈✐♥❣ s♠❛rt ❧✐♣s✑
✸✾✷

yám. krándası̄ sam . yat´ı̄ vihváyete

páré ′vara ubháyā amı́trāh. |
samānám . cidráthamātasthivā´m . sā
nā´nā havete sá janāsa ı́ndrah. || 8 ||

yásmānná .rté vijáyante jánāso

yám. yúdhyamānā ávase hávante |
yó vı́śvasya pratimā´nam. babhū´va
yó acyutacyútsá janāsa ı́ndrah. || 9 ||

yáh. śáśvato máhyéno dádhānān

ámanyamānāñchárvā jaghā´na |
yáh. śárdhate nā´nudádāti śr.dhyā´m
.
yó dásyorhantā´ sá janāsa ı́ndrah. || 10 ||

yáh. śámbaram . párvates.u ks.iyántam .

catvārim . śy ´
ā . śarádyanvávindat |
m
ojāyámānam . yó áhim. jaghā´na
dā´num . śáyānam . sá janāsa ı́ndrah. || 11 ||

yáh. saptáraśmirvr..sabhástúvis.mān
avā´sr.jatsártave saptá sı́ndhūn |
yó rauhin.ámásphuradvájrabāhur
dyā´māróhantam . sá janāsa ı́ndrah. || 12 ||

dyā´vā cidasmai pr.thiv´ı̄ namete

śús.māccidasya párvatā bhayante |
yáh. somapā´ nicitó vájrabāhur
yó vájrahastah. sá janāsa ı́ndrah. || 13 ||
 ✸✾✸

✽✳ ❲❤♦♠ t✇♦ ❝❧❛s❤✐♥❣ ❜❛tt❧❡✲❝r✐❡s ✈✐❡ ✐♥ ❝❛❧❧✐♥❣ ✖

❬✇❤♦♠❪ t❤♦s❡ ❤♦st✐❧❡ ❬t♦ ❡❛❝❤ ♦t❤❡r ✈✐❡ ✐♥ ❝❛❧❧✐♥❣❪✱
s✉♣❡r✐♦r ❛♥❞ ✐♥❢❡r✐♦r ♦♥❡s ♦♥ ❜♦t❤ s✐❞❡s ✖
✉♣♦♥ ❬✇❤♦♠❪ ❡✈❡♥ t✇♦ ♠❡♥ ✇❤♦ ♠♦✉♥t❡❞ t❤❡ s❛♠❡ ❝❤❛r✐♦t
❝❛❧❧ s❡♣❛r❛t❡❧② ✖
❤❡✱ ❖ ♣❡♦♣❧❡✱ ✐s Indra✳
✾✳ ❲✐t❤♦✉t ✇❤♦♠ ♣❡♦♣❧❡ ❛r❡ ✉♥❧✐❦❡❧② t♦ ❝♦♥q✉❡r
✇❤♦♠ t❤❡②✱ ✇❤♦ ❛r❡ ✜❣❤t✐♥❣✱ ✐♥✈♦❦❡ t♦ ❤❡❧♣
✇❤♦ ❤❛s ❜❡❝❛♠❡ ❛ ♠♦❞❡❧ ❢♦r ❡✈❡r②♦♥❡
✇❤♦ ✐s ❝❛✉s✐♥❣ t♦ ❢❛❧❧ ✇❤❛t ✐s ✉♥s❤❛❦❛❜❧❡ ✖
❤❡✱ ❖ ♣❡♦♣❧❡✱ ✐s Indra✳
✶✵✳ ❲❤♦ str✐❦❡s ✇✐t❤ ❛♥ ❛rr♦✇ t❤♦s❡ ♥✉♠❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡s
✇❤♦✱ ❬✇❤✐❧❡❪ ♥♦t ❜❡✐♥❣ ♦❜s❡r✈❡❞✱ ❛r❡ ❝❛✉s✐♥❣ ❣r❡❛t ❡✈✐❧❀
✇❤♦ ❞♦❡s ♥♦t ❛❧❧♦✇ ❞❡✜❛♥❝❡ t♦ ❛ ❞❡✜❛♥t ♦♥❡✱
✇❤♦ ✐s ❛ s❧❛②❡r ♦❢ ❛♥ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡ t♦ s✉✛❡r ✇❛♥t ✖
❤❡✱ ❖ ♣❡♦♣❧❡✱ ✐s Indra✳
✶✶✳ ❲❤♦ ❞✉r✐♥❣ ❢♦rt✐❡t❤ ❛✉t✉♠♥ ❢♦✉♥❞
r❡s✐❞✐♥❣ ✐♥ t❤❡ ♠♦✉♥t❛✐♥s Śambara❀
✇❤♦ s❧❛②❡❞ ❡①❤✐❜✐t✐♥❣ ✈✐❣♦✉r s♥❛❦❡✱
❬t❤❛t ✇❛s❪ ♣❡r♠✐ss✐✈❡✱ ❬t❤❛t ✇❛s❪ r❡st✐♥❣ ✖
❤❡✱ ❖ ♣❡♦♣❧❡✱ ✐s Indra✳
✶✷✳ ❲❤♦✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ s❡✈❡♥ r❡✐♥s✱ ❛♣♣❡❛r✐♥❣ ❛s ❛ ❜✉❧❧✱
❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝♦♥tr♦❧✱
s❡♥t ♦✛ t❤❡ s❡✈❡♥ r✐✈❡rs t♦ ✢♦✇✱
✇❤♦✱ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲✐♥✲❛r♠s✱ ❧❛s❤❡❞ ❛t
❛s❝❡♥❞✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ s♦♥ ♦❢ Rohin.ı̄ ✖
❤❡✱ ❖ ♣❡♦♣❧❡✱ ✐s Indra✳
✶✸✳ ❊✈❡♥ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤ ❜❡♥❞ ❢♦r t❤✐s ♦♥❡
❦♥♦tt② ♦♥❡s ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❛❢r❛✐❞ ♦❢ ❥✉st ❤✐s ❢❡r✈♦r❀
✇❤♦✱ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲✐♥✲❤❛♥❞s✱ ✐s ❜❡❤❡❧❞ ❛s ❞r✐♥❦✐♥❣ Soma✱
✇❤♦ ✐s ❤♦❧❞✐♥❣ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t ✐♥ ❤❛♥❞ ✖
❤❡✱ ❖ ♣❡♦♣❧❡✱ ✐s Indra✳
✸✾✹

yáh. sunvántamávati yáh. pácantam .

yáh. śám
. santam . yáh. śaśamānámūt´ı̄ |
yásya bráhma várdhanam . yásya sómo
yásyedám . rā´dhah. sá janāsa ı́ndrah. || 14 ||

yáh. sunvaté pácate dudhrá ā´ cid

vā´jam. dárdars.i sá kı́lāsi satyáh. |
vayám . ta indra viśváha priyā´sah.
suvı̄rāso vidáthamā´ vadema || 15 ||
´
 ✸✾✺

✶✹✳ ❲❤♦ ❢❛✈♦✉rs ❬❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ✐s❪ ♣r❡ss✐♥❣ ❬Soma❪✱

✇❤♦ ❬❢❛✈♦✉rs ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ✐s❪ r✐♣❡♥✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡ ✐♥♥❡r ❤❡❛t❪
✇❤♦ ❬❢❛✈♦✉rs ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ✐s❪ r❡❝✐t✐♥❣ ❬❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥s❪✱
✇❤♦ ❬❢❛✈♦✉rs❪ ❬❤✐♠ ✇❤♦❪ ✇✐t❤ ❬❤✐s❪ ❤❡❧♣ ❬✐s❪ ❡①❡rt✐♥❣ ❤✐♠s❡❧❢
✇❤♦s❡ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥ ✐s ❛✉❣♠❡♥t✐♥❣✱ ✇❤♦s❡ Soma ❬✐s❪✱
✇❤♦s❡ s❛t✐s❢❛❝t✐♦♥ ❬✐s❪ t❤✐s ✖
❤❡✱ ❖ ♣❡♦♣❧❡✱ ✐s Indra✳
✶✺✳ ❲❤♦ ❢♦r ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ✐s ♣r❡ss✐♥❣ ❬Soma❪
❬❛♥❞❪ r✐♣❡♥✐♥❣ ❬✐♥♥❡r ❤❡❛t❪
✐s ❧✐❦❡ ❬s♦♠❡t❤✐♥❣❪ ♣r♦✈♦❦✐♥❣ ❛♥❣❡r ✖
s✉❝❤ t❤♦✉ ♠❛❦❡ ❛ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r ❛❝❝❡ss✐❜❧❡ ❬t♦ ✉s❪✦
✺
❚❤♦✉ ❛r❡ r❡❛❧✦
❲❡✱ ❛❧✇❛②s ❞❡❛r t♦ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Indra✱
❬✇❡✱❪ ✈❡r② ♠❛♥❧②✱ ❝❛♥ ❛❞❞r❡ss ❛ ❦♥♦✇❧❡❞❣❡✲s❤❛r✐♥❣ s❡ss✐♦♥✦

✺ ❧✐t✳ ✏❜r❡❛❦ ✐t ♦♣❡♥✑

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✷✳✶✸

Gr.tsamada | ✶✕✶✷ Jagatı̄✱ ✶✸ Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra

.rtúrjánitrı̄ tásyā apáspári
maks.ū´ jātá ā´viśadyā´su várdhate |
tádāhanā´ abhavatpipyús.ı̄
páyo ′m. śóh. pı̄yū´.sam
. prathamám . tádukthyàm || 1 ||

sadhr´ı̄mā´ yanti pári bı́bhratı̄h. páyo

viśvápsnyāya prá bharanta bhójanam |
samānó ádhvā pravátāmanus.yáde
yástā´kr.n.oh. prathamám
. sā´syukthyàh. || 2 ||

ánvéko vadati yáddádāti tád

rūpā´ minántádapā éka ı̄yate |
vı́śvā ékasya vinúdastitiks.ate
yástā´kr.n.oh. prathamám
. sā´syukthyàh. || 3 ||

prajā´bhyah. pus..tı́m . vibhájanta āsate

rayı́miva pr..s.thám . prabhávantamāyaté |
ásinvandám . .s.traih. pitúratti bhójanam .
yástā´kr.n.oh. prathamám . sā´syukthyàh. || 4 ||

ádhākr.n.oh. pr.thiv´ı̄m
. sam
. dŕ.śe divé
yó dhautı̄nā´mahihannā´rin.akpatháh. |
tám
. tvā stómebhirudábhirná vājı́nam .
devám. devā´ ajanansā´syukthyàh. || 5 ||

yó bhójanam . ca dáyase ca várdhanam

ārdrā´dā´ śús.kam. mádhumaddudóhitha |
sá śevadhı́m . nı́ dadhis.e vivásvati
vı́śvasyáıka ı̄śis.e sā´syukthyàh. || 6 ||
 ✸✾✼

✶✳ ❋✐①❡❞ ♦r❞❡r ✐s t❤❡ ❣❡♥✐tr✐①✳ ❋r♦♠ ❤❡r t❤❡ ✇❛t❡rs ❬✢♦✇❪✳

❆r✐s❡♥ q✉✐❝❦❧②✱ ❤❡ t♦♦❦ ♣♦ss❡ss✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❬t❤♦s❡ ✇❛t❡rs❪
✶
✐♥ ✇❤✐❝❤ ❤❡ ❜❡❝♦♠❡s str♦♥❣❡r✳
❚❤❡♥✱ t❤❡ t♦✲❜❡✲❜❡❛t❡♥ ❬❤❡r❜❪ ❜❡❝❛♠❡ ❛ s✇❡❧❧✐♥❣ ❬❧✐❜❛t✐♦♥❪❀
t❤❡ ❥✉✐❝❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ st❛❧❦ ❬t❤✉s ❜❡❝♦♠❡s❪ ❛♠❜r♦s✐❛ ✜rst ✖
t❤❛t ❬✐s❪ t♦ ❜❡ ♣r❛✐s❡❞✳
✷✳ ❚❤❡②✱ s♣r❡❛❞✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❥✉✐❝❡✱ ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤ t❤❡ s❛♠❡ ❝❡♥t❡r❀
t♦ ♥✉rt✉r❡ ❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣ t❤❡② s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡ ❜♦r♥❡ ❛❧♦♥❣
t♦ t❤❡ s♦✉r❝❡ ♦❢ ♣❧❡❛s✉r❡❀
t❤❡ s❛♠❡ ✐s t❤❡ ♣❛t❤✇❛②
♦❢ ❞✐r❡❝t❡❞ ❢♦r✇❛r❞s ❬✇❛t❡rs❪ t♦ r✉♥ ❛❧♦♥❣❀
✇❤♦ ❞✐❞ t❤❡s❡ ❬t❤✐♥❣s❪ ✜rst❧② ✖ s✉❝❤ t❤♦✉ ❛r❡ t♦ ❜❡ ♣r❛✐s❡❞✳
✸✳ ❖♥❡ ❝♦♠♠❡♥ts ✇❤❛t ❤❡ ♦✛❡rs❀ ❛t t❤❛t t✐♠❡ ❛♥♦t❤❡r✱
s❡tt✐♥❣ ✉♣ ❢♦r♠s✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❤❛t ❛s ❬❤✐s❪ ❛❝t✱ ♠♦✈❡s ❛♥❞ ♠♦✈❡s❀
❛❧❧ ❞✐✈❡rs✐♦♥s ♦❢ ❬t❤❛t❪ ♦♥❡ ❤❡ str✐✈❡s t♦ ❜r✐♥❣ t♦ t❤❡ ❢♦r❡✳
❲❤♦ ❞✐❞ t❤❡s❡ ❬t❤✐♥❣s❪ ✜rst❧②✱ s✉❝❤ t❤♦✉ ❛r❡ t♦ ❜❡ ♣r❛✐s❡❞✳
✹✳ ❚❤❡② ❛❜✐❞❡ ❛♣♣♦rt✐♦♥✐♥❣ t♦ ♦✛s♣r✐♥❣s t❤❡ ❢✉❧❧♥❡ss
✷ ✸
❛s ❛ s✉r♣❛ss✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❜❛s❡ ❣✐❢t t♦ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ✐s ❝♦♠✐♥❣✳
✹
❍❛✈✐♥❣ ♥♦ ♣r♦✈✐s✐♦♥s ❬♦❢ ❤✐s ♦✇♥❪ ❬❜✉t❪ ✇✐t❤ ❢❛♥❣s
❤❡ ❝♦♥s✉♠❡s ❢❛t❤❡r✬s ♠❡❛❧✳
✺
❲❤♦ ❞✐❞ t❤❡s❡ ❬t❤✐♥❣s❪ ✜rst❧②✱ s✉❝❤ t❤♦✉ ❛r❡ t♦ ❜❡ ♣r❛✐s❡❞✳
✖✖
✺✳ ◆♦✇✱ t❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ♠❛❞❡ t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤ t♦ ❛♣♣❡❛r t♦ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥❀
❲❤♦ r❡♠♦✈❡❞ ❬Vr.tra❪ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ♣❛t❤ ♦❢ t❤❡ str❡❛♠s✱
❖ s♥❛❦❡✲s❧❛②❡r✱
❤✐♠ ✖ t❤❡❡ ✖ ✇✐t❤ ❤②♠♥s ♦❢ ♣r❛✐s❡ ❛s ✐❢ ✇✐t❤ ✇❛✈❡s✱
❬t❤❡❡✱❪ ♣♦ss❡ss✐♥❣ t❤❡ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r deva✱
deva✲s ❜❡❣♦t❀ s✉❝❤ t❤♦✉ ❛r❡ t♦ ❜❡ ♣r❛✐s❡❞✳
✻✳ ❚❤♦✉✱ ✇❤♦ ❞❡❢❡♥❞s ❡♥❥♦②♠❡♥t ❛♥❞ t❤r✐✈✐♥❣✱
t❤♦✉ ♠✐❧❦❡❞ ❢r♦♠ ❛ ❞❛♠♣ ❬st❛❧❦ ❪✻
♠♦✉t❤✲❞r②✐♥❣ r✐❝❤ ✐♥ ❤♦♥❡② ❬❥✉✐❝❡ ❪❀
✼
❙✉❝❤ t❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ❡st❛❜❧✐s❤❡❞ ✐♥ Vivasvat ❛ r❡❝❡♣t❛❝❧❡ ♦❢ tr❡❛s✉r❡✱
t❤♦✉ ❛r❡ t❤❡ ♦♥❧② ♠❛st❡r ♦❢ ❡✈❡r②♦♥❡ ✖
s✉❝❤ t❤♦✉ ❛r❡ t♦ ❜❡ ♣r❛✐s❡❞✳
✶ t❤❡ ✐♥♥❡r Soma
✷ ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡rs
✸ ✐♥♥❡r ✜r❡s
✹ Indra
✺ ❛♥ ♦✛s♣r✐♥❣✱ ❛♥ ✐♥♥❡r ✜r❡
✻ amśu
.
✼ payas
✸✾✽

yáh. pus.pı́n.ı̄śca prasvàśca dhárman.ā´dhi

dā´ne vyàvánı̄rádhārayah. |
yáścā´samā ájano didyúto divá
urúrūrvā´m̃
. abhı́tah. sā´syukthyàh. || 7 ||

yó nārmarám . sahávasum . nı́hantave

pr.ks.ā´ya ca dāsáveśāya cā´vahah. |
ūrjáyantyā áparivis..tamāsyàm
utáıvā´dyá purukr.tsā´syukthyàh. || 8 ||

. vā yásya dáśa sākámā´dya

śatám
´ yáddha codámā´vitha |
ékasya śrus..tau
arajjau´ dásyūnsámunabdabh´ı̄taye
suprāvyò abhavah. sā´syukthyàh. || 9 ||

vı́śvédánu rodhanā´ asya paum ´ . syam .

dadúrasmai dadhiré kr.tnáve dhánam |
.sá..dastabhnā vis..tı́rah. páñca sam. dŕ.śah.
pári paró abhavah. sā´syukthyàh. || 10 ||

supravācanám . táva vı̄ra vı̄ryàm

.
yadekena krátunā vindáse vásu |
jātū´.s.thirasya prá váyah. sáhasvato
yā´ cakártha séndra vı́śvāsyukthyàh. || 11 ||

áramayah. sárapasastárāya kám .

turv´ı̄taye ca vayyā`ya ca srutı́m |
nı̄cā´ sántamúdanayah. parāvŕ.jam .
prā´ndhám . śraváyansā´syukthyàh. || 12 ||
. śron.ám

asmábhyam . tádvaso dānā´ya rā´dhah.

sámarthayasva bahú te vasavyàm |
. śravasyā´ ánu dyū´n
ı́ndra yáccitrám
br.hádvadema vidáthe suv´ı̄rāh. || 13 ||
 ✸✾✾

✼✳ ❚❤♦✉✱ ✇❤♦ ❛t ❞✐str✐❜✉t✐♦♥ ❬♦❢ ✇❛r s♣♦✐❧s❪ ♠❛❞❡✱ ♣❡r ❝✉st♦♠✱

❬✇♦♠❡♥❪ ✐♥ ♠❡♥str✉❛t✐♦♥ ❛♥❞ t❤♦s❡ ❜❡❛r✐♥❣ ❬❝❤✐❧❞r❡♥❪✱
t♦ ❜❡ s❡♣❛r❛t❡❞ ❛s str❡❛♠s❀
✇❤♦ ❝❛✉s❡❞ ✉♥❡q✉❛❧❡❞ ✢❛s❤❡s ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥✱
✇❤♦✱ ❬❜❡✐♥❣ ❧✐❦❡❪ ✇✐❞❡ s♣❛❝❡✱ ❬❡✛❡❝t❡❞❪ ♣✐❝❦s ♦♥ ❜♦t❤ s✐❞❡s ✖
s✉❝❤ t❤♦✉ ❛r❡ t♦ ❜❡ ♣r❛✐s❡❞✳
✽✳ ❲❤♦✱ t♦ str✐❦❡ ❞♦✇♥ Nārmara t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ❬❤✐s❪ r✐❝❤❡s✱
❢♦r Pr.ks.a ❛♥❞ ❢♦r Dāsaveśa
❝♦♥✈❡②❡❞ ❬s♦♠❡❪ ♦❢ t❤❡ ✐♥✈✐❣♦r❛t✐♥❣ ❬❧✐❜❛t✐♦♥❪
t♦ ✉♥s✉rr♦✉♥❞❡❞ ❬❜② ❜❡❛r❞❪ ❢❛❝❡❀
❛♥❞ ❥✉st s♦ ♥♦✇❛❞❛②s✱ ❖ ❞♦✐♥❣ ♠✉❝❤✱ ✖
s✉❝❤ t❤♦✉ ❛r❡ t♦ ❜❡ ♣r❛✐s❡❞✳
✾✳ ❚❤♦✉✱ ✇❤♦ ❛ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ❬t✐♠❡s❪ ❜♦✉♥❞ ❛t t❤❡ s❛♠❡ t✐♠❡ t❡♥ ❬♠❡♥❪
✇❤✐❧❡ ❬❜❡✐♥❣❪ ✐♥ ❝♦♥✜❞❡♥❝❡ ♦❢ ♦♥❡ ✇❤❡♥ t❤♦✉ ❢❛✈♦✉r❡❞ t❤❡ ✇❤✐♣✳
■♥ ♦r❞❡r t♦ ❞❡❝❡✐✈❡✱ t❤♦✉ ❝♦♥✜♥❡❞ ✐♥t♦ ✇❤❛t ❧❛❝❦s r♦♣❡s
t❤❡ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡s t♦ s✉✛❡r ✇❛♥t❀
t❤♦✉ ❜❡❝❛♠❡ ✈❡r② ♠✐♥❞❢✉❧ ✖ s✉❝❤ t❤♦✉ ❛r❡ t♦ ❜❡ ♣r❛✐s❡❞✳
✶✵✳ ❆❢t❡r ❛❧❧✱ ♦❜st❛❝❧❡s ❜❡st♦✇ t❤✐s ♦♥❡✬s ♠❛♥❧② str❡♥❣t❤✱
❢♦r t❤✐s ♦♥❡✱ ❢♦r t❤❡ ❡✛❡❝t✐✈❡ ♦♥❡✱ t❤❡② s❡t t❤❡ ♣r✐③❡✳
❚❤♦✉ ♣r♦♣♣❡❞ s✐① ❡①♣❛♥s✐♦♥s✱ ✜✈❡ ❛♣♣❡❛r❛♥❝❡s❀
❬❜❡✐♥❣❪ ❡①tr❡♠❡✱ t❤♦✉ ❜❡❝❛♠❡ ❡♥❝♦♠♣❛ss✐♥❣ ✖
s✉❝❤ t❤♦✉ ❛r❡ t♦ ❜❡ ♣r❛✐s❡❞✳
✶✶✳ ❚❤② ✈❛❧♦r✱ ❖ ✈❛❧✐❛♥t ♦♥❡✱ ✐s r❡♥♦✇♥❡❞✿
t❤❛t t❤r♦✉❣❤ ♠❡r❡ r❡s♦✉r❝❡❢✉❧♥❡ss t❤♦✉ ✜♥❞ t❤❡ ❣❡♠❀
t❤❡ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ✈✐❣♦✉r ♦❢ ❡✈❡r✲r❡s♦❧✉t❡✱
♦❢ ♣♦ss❡ss✐♥❣ ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ str❡♥❣t❤ ❬t❤❡❡❪✱
❡✛❡❝t❡❞ ❛❧❧ ❬❞❡❡❞s❪ t❤❛t s✉❝❤ t❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❧✐s❤❡❞ ✖
t❤♦✉ ❛r❡ t♦ ❜❡ ♣r❛✐s❡❞✳
✶✷✳ ❚❤♦✉ ♠❛❞❡ t❤❡ ✢♦✇ ♦❢ Sarapas t♦ st♦♣
t♦ ❣✐✈❡ tr✉❡ ♣❛ss❛❣❡ t♦ Turvı̄ti ❛♥❞ ❬❤✐s❪ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥❀
❛♥ ♦✉t❝❛st ✇❤♦ ✐s ❜❡❧♦✇ ❬❛❧❧❪ t❤♦✉ ❧❡❞ ✉♣✇❛r❞s❀
✐♥str✉❝t✐♥❣ ❛ ❜❧✐♥❞ ❝r✐♣♣❧❡ ✖
s✉❝❤ t❤♦✉ ❛r❡ t♦ ❜❡ ♣r❛✐s❡❞✳
✖✖
✶✸✳ ❚♦ ❣✐✈❡ ✉s✱ ❖ ❜❡♥❡✜❝❡♥t ♦♥❡✱
t❤❛t ❛❝❝♦♠♣❧✐s❤♠❡♥t ♦❢ ❬♦✉r❪ ❞❡s✐r❡s✱
❞♦ ♠❛❦❡ r❡❛❞② t❤② ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥t ❛❞✈❛♥t❛❣❡♦✉s ❬♣♦✇❡r❪
❖ Indra✱ t❤❛t ✐s ♠❛♥✐❢♦❧❞✱
s♦ t❤❛t ❞❛②✲❛❢t❡r✲❞❛② t❤♦✉ ✇♦✉❧❞ ❜❡
❧✐❦❡ ❛♥ ❛✉❞✐t♦r② ✐♠♣r❡ss✐♦♥✱
s♦ ✇❡✱ ✈❡r② ♠❛♥❧②✱ ❝❛♥ ❛❞❞r❡ss ❛ ❦♥♦✇❧❡❞❣❡✲s❤❛r✐♥❣ s❡ss✐♦♥✦
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✷✳✶✹

Gr.tsamada | ✶✕✶✷ Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra

ádhvaryavo bháraténdrāya sómamā´matrebhih.

siñcatā mádyamándhah. |
kām´ı̄ hı́ vı̄ráh. sádamasya pı̄tı́m .
juhóta vŕ..sn.e tádı́des.á vas..ti || 1 ||

ádhvaryavo yó apó vavrivā´m . sam. vr.trám

.
jaghā´nāśányeva vr.ks.ám |
tásmā etám . bharata tadvaśā´yam̃
.
es.á ı́ndro arhati pı̄tı́masya || 2 ||

ádhvaryavo yó dŕ.bhı̄kam . jaghā´na

´ ´ . váh. |
yó gā udājadápa hı́ valám
tásmā etámantáriks.e ná vā´tam
ı́ndram. sómairórn.uta jū´rná vástraih. || 3 ||

ádhvaryavo yá úran.am . jaghā´na

náva cakhvā´m sam
. . navatı́m . ca bāhū´n |
yó árbudamáva nı̄cā´ babādhé
ámı́ndram. sómasya bhr.thé hinota || 4 ||

ádhvaryavo yáh. sváśnam . jaghā´na

yáh. śús.n.amaśús.am
. yó . sam |
vyàm
yáh. pı́prum . námucim . yó rudhikr ā´m
.
tásmā ı́ndrāyā´ndhaso juhota || 5 ||

ádhvaryavo yáh. śatám. śámbarasya

púro bibhédā´śmaneva pūrv´ı̄h. |
yó varcı́nah. śatámı́ndrah. sahásram
apā´vapadbháratā sómamasmai || 6 ||
 ✹✵✶

✶✳ ❖ adhvaryu✲s✦ ❇r✐♥❣ t♦ Indra Soma✦

❯s✐♥❣ t❛♥❦❛r❞s✱ ♣♦✉r ✐♥ t❤❡ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t✐♥❣ ❤❡r❜✦
❙✐♥❝❡ t❤❡ ✈❛❧✐❛♥t ♦♥❡ ✐s ❡✈❡r ❞❡s✐r♦✉s ♦❢ ❛ ❞r❛✉❣❤t ♦❢ ✐t✱
s❛❝r✐✜❝❡ t♦ t❤❡ ❜✉❧❧✳ ❍❡ ❝♦♠♠❛♥❞s ❥✉st t❤✐s✳
✖✖
✷✳ ❖ adhvaryu✲s✦ ❲❤♦ ❤❛s s❧❛②❡❞✱
❛s ✐❢ ❛ tr❡❡ ✇✐t❤ ❛ ✢❛s❤ ♦❢ ❧✐❣❤t♥✐♥❣✱
❤✐♥❞❡r✐♥❣ ✇❛t❡rs ❬Vr.tra❪✱
t♦ ❤✐♠ ❜r✐♥❣ t❤✐s ❬Soma❪✱ t♦ ❞❡s✐r✐♥❣ ✐t ♦♥❡❀
t❤✐s ❤❡r❡ Indra ❞❡s❡r✈❡s ❛ ❞r❛✉❣❤t ♦❢ ✐t✳
✸✳ ❖ adhvaryu✲s✦ ❲❤♦ ❤❛s s❧❛②❡❞ Dr.bhı̄ka✱
✇❤♦ ❞r♦✈❡ ✉♣✇❛r❞s ❝♦✇s
❢♦r ❤❡ s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ ✉♥❝♦✈❡r❡❞ t❤❡ ❝❛✈❡r♥✱
❢♦r ❤✐♠ ❬s♣r❡❛❞❪ t❤✐s ❬Soma❪ ❧✐❦❡ t❤❡ ✇✐♥❞ ✐♥ t❤❡ ❛✐r✱
❙✉rr♦✉♥❞ Indra ✇✐t❤ ❞r♦♣s ♦❢ Soma
❛s ♦❧❞ ♠❛♥ ❬✇♦✉❧❞ s✉rr♦✉♥❞ ❤✐♠s❡❧❢❪ ✇✐t❤ ❝❧♦t❤❡s✦
✹✳ ❖ adhvaryu✲s✦ ❲❤♦ ❤❛s s❧❛②❡❞ Uran.a
✇❤♦ ❤❛s ❞✉❣ ✉♣ ♥✐♥❡t② ♥✐♥❡ ❢❡❡t ❬✇✐❞❡ ♠♦t❡❪✱
✇❤♦ ❤❛s ❢♦r❝❡❞ ❞♦✇♥ Arbuda ✖
❤✐♠✱ Indra✱ ✉r❣❡ ♦♥ ❞✉r✐♥❣ Soma ♦✛❡r✐♥❣✳
✺✳ ❖ adhvaryu✲s✦ ❲❤♦ ❤❛s ❡❛s✐❧② s❧❛②❡❞ t❤❡ ✈♦r❛❝✐♦✉s ♦♥❡✱
✇❤♦ ❬s❧❛②❡❞❪ ✉♥❛❜❛t✐♥❣ Śus.n.a✱
✇❤♦ ❬s❧❛②❡❞❪ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ❤❛s ♥♦ s❤♦✉❧❞❡r✲❜❧❛❞❡s✱
✇❤♦ ❬s❧❛②❡❞❪ Pipru✱ Namuci✱ ✇❤♦ ❬s❧❛②❡❞❪ Rudhikrā ✖
t♦ ❤✐♠✱ t♦ Indra✱ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡ ❬❛ ❞r❛✉❣❤t❪ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❤❡r❜✦
✻✳ ❖ adhvaryu✲s✦ ❲❤♦ ❛ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ✖ ♠❛♥② ✖
♦❢ Śambara✬s str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞s
♣✐❡r❝❡❞ ❬♦♣❡♥❪ ❛s ✐❢ ✇✐t❤ ❛ r♦❝❦✱
✇❤♦ ❛ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ♦❢ Varcin✬s ✖ Indra ✖
❤❡ ❞✐s♣❡rs❡❞ ❛ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞ ❬❡♥❡♠✐❡s❪✱
❜r✐♥❣ Soma ❢♦r t❤✐s ♦♥❡✦
✹✵✷

ádhvaryavo yáh. śatámā´ sahásram

.
bhū´myā upásthé ′vapajjaghanvā´n |
kútsasyāyóratithigvásya vı̄rā´n
nyā´vr.n.agbháratā sómamasmai || 7 ||

ádhvaryavo yánnarah. kāmáyādhve

śrus..t´ı̄ váhanto naśathā tádı́ndre |
gábhastipūtam . bharata śrutā´yéndrāya
sómam . yajyavo juhota || 8 ||

ádhvaryavah. kártanā śrus..tı́masmai

váne nı́pūtam . vána únnayadhvam |
jus.ān.ó hástyamabhı́ vāvaśe va
ı́ndrāya sómam . madirám. juhota || 9 ||

ádhvaryavah. páyasódharyáthā góh.

sómebhirı̄m. pr.n.atā bhojámı́ndram |
védāhámasya nı́bhr.tam . ma etád
dı́tsantam. bh ´
ū yo yajatáściketa || 10 ||

ádhvaryavo yó divyásya vásvo

yáh. pā´rthivasya ks.ámyasya rā´jā |
támū´rdaram . ná pr.n.atā yávenéndram
.
sómebhistádápo vo astu || 11 ||

asmábhyam . tádvaso dānā´ya rā´dhah.

sámarthayasva bahú te vasavyàm |
. śravasyā´ ánu dyū´n
ı́ndra yáccitrám
br.hádvadema vidáthe suv´ı̄rāh. || 12 ||
 ✹✵✸

✼✳ ❖ adhvaryu✲s✦ ❲❤♦ ❛ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞✱ ✉♣ t♦ ❛ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞✱ ❬♦❢ t❤❡♠❪

❤❛✈✐♥❣ str✉❝❦✱ ♠♦✇❡❞ ✐♥t♦ t❤❡ ❧❛♣ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❡❛rt❤✱
❬✇❤♦❪ ♣✉❧❧❡❞ ❞♦✇♥ ❤❡r♦❡s ♦❢ ❛❣✐t❛t❡❞ Kutsa Atithigva ✖
❜r✐♥❣ Soma ❢♦r t❤✐s ♦♥❡✦
✖✖
✽✳ ❖ adhvaryu✲s✦ ❲❤❛t ②♦✉✱ ❖ ♠❡♥✱ ❧♦♥❣ ❢♦r✱
②♦✉✱ ✇✐❧❧✐♥❣❧② tr❛♥s♣♦rt✐♥❣ t❤✐s ✐♥t♦ Indra✱ ❛tt❛✐♥✳
❇r✐♥❣ ❤❛♥❞✲♣r❡ss❡❞ ❬Soma❪ t♦ t❤❡ ❢❛♠♦✉s ♦♥❡✦
❖ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ t♦ ♠❛❦❡ ❛♥ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣✱ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡ Soma t♦ Indra✦
✾✳ ❖ adhvaryu✲s✦ ❉♦ ✇✐❧❧✐♥❣ s❡r✈✐❝❡ t♦ t❤✐s ♦♥❡ ✖
❣✉✐❞❡ ✉♣✇❛r❞s ✐♥ t❤❡ s♣✐♥❡ ♣✉r✐✜❡❞ ✇✐t❤✐♥✱
✐♥ t❤❡ s♣✐♥❡✱ ❬✐♥♥❡r Soma❪✦
❉❡❧✐❣❤t✐♥❣ ❬✐♥ t❤❛t Soma❪✱ ❤❡ ❞❡s✐r❡s ②♦✉r ♠❛❞❡✲❜②✲❤❛♥❞ ❬Soma❪✳
❙❛❝r✐✜❝❡ ❜r❡✇✐♥❣✲❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t✐♦♥✲Soma t♦ Indra✦
✶✵✳ ❖ adhvaryu✲s✦ ▲✐❦❡ ❝♦✇✬s ✉❞❞❡r ✇✐t❤ ♠✐❧❦
✜❧❧ ❧✐❜❡r❛❧ Indra ✇✐t❤ ❥✉st Soma ❞r♦♣s✳
■ ❡①♣❡r✐❡♥❝❡❞ t❤✐s ♦♥❡❀ t❤✐s ❢♦r ♠❡ ✐s s❡tt❧❡❞ ✖
❤✐♠✱ ✇❤♦ ✐s ❜❡❝♦♠✐♥❣ ♠♦r❡ ❛♥❞ ♠♦r❡ ✇✐s❤✐♥❣ t♦ ❣✐✈❡✱
❤❡✱ ✇❤♦ ✐s ✇♦rt❤② ♦❢ ✇♦rs❤✐♣✱ ❬❛❧✇❛②s❪ ♥♦t✐❝❡s✳
✶✶✳ ❖ adhvaryu✲s✦ ❲❤♦ ✐s t❤❡ ❦✐♥❣ ♦❢ s✉♣❡r♥❛t✉r❛❧ ❜❡♥❡✜t✱
✇❤♦ ♦❢ ❡❛rt❤❧②✱ ♦❢ t♦✲❜❡✲♣❡r♣❡t✉❛t❡❞ ♦♥❡✱
✜❧❧ ❤✐♠ ✖ ❧✐❦❡ ❛ ❣r❛♥❛r② ✇✐t❤ ❜❛r❧❡② ✖
✇✐t❤ Soma ❬✜❧❧❪ Indra ✖ ❧❡t t❤✐s ❜❡ ②♦✉r s❛❝r✐✜❝✐❛❧ ❛❝t✳
✖✖
✶✷✳ ❚♦ ❣✐✈❡ ✉s✱ ❖ ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧ ♦♥❡✱
t❤❛t ❛❝❝♦♠♣❧✐s❤♠❡♥t ♦❢ ❬♦✉r❪ ❞❡s✐r❡s✱
❞♦ ♠❛❦❡ r❡❛❞② t❤② ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥t ❛❞✈❛♥t❛❣❡♦✉s ❬♣♦✇❡r❪
❖ Indra✱ t❤❛t ✐s ♠❛♥✐❢♦❧❞✱ s♦ t❤❛t ❞❛②✲❛❢t❡r✲❞❛②
t❤♦✉ ✇♦✉❧❞ ❜❡ ❧✐❦❡ ❛♥ ❛✉❞✐t♦r② ✐♠♣r❡ss✐♦♥✱
s♦ ✇❡✱ ✈❡r② ♠❛♥❧②✱ ❝❛♥ ❛❞❞r❡ss ❛ ❦♥♦✇❧❡❞❣❡✲s❤❛r✐♥❣ s❡ss✐♦♥✦
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✷✳✶✺

Gr.tsamada | ✶✕✶✵ Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra

prá ghā nvàsya maható mahā´ni

satyā´ satyásya káran.āni vocam |
trı́kadrukes.vapibatsutásyāsyá
máde áhimı́ndro jaghāna || 1 ||

avam . śé dyā´mastabhāyadbr.hántam

ā´ ródası̄ apr.n.adantáriks.am |
sá dhārayatpr.thiv´ı̄m . papráthacca
sómasya tā´ máda ı́ndraścakāra || 2 ||

sádmeva prā´co vı́ mimāya mā´nair

vájren.a khā´nyatr.n.annad´ı̄nām |
vŕ.thāsr.jatpathı́bhirdı̄rghayāthaıh
´.
sómasya tā´ máda ı́ndraścakāra || 3 ||

sá pravo..dh.´r̄nparigátyā dabh´ı̄ter

vı́śvamadhāgā´yudhamiddhé agnau ´ |
sám . góbhiráśvairasr. jadráthebhih .
sómasya tā´ máda ı́ndraścakāra || 4 ||

. mah´ı̄m
sá ı̄m . dhúnimétoraramn.āt
só asnāt.´r̄napārayatsvastı́ |
tá utsnā´ya rayı́mabhı́ prá tasthuh.
sómasya tā´ máda ı́ndraścakāra || 5 ||

sódañcam . sı́ndhumarin.ānmahitvā´
vájren.ā´na us.ásah. sám
. pipes.a |
ajaváso javı́nı̄bhirvivr.ścán
sómasya tā´ máda ı́ndraścakāra || 6 ||

sá vidvā´m̃
. apagohám . kan´ı̄nām
āvı́rbhávannúdatis..thatparāvŕ.k |
práti śron.á sthādvyànágacas..ta
sómasya tā´ máda ı́ndraścakāra || 7 ||
 ✹✵✺

✶✳ ◆♦✇ t❤❡♥ ■ s❤❛❧❧ ❛t ❧❡❛st ♠❡♥t✐♦♥ ❞❡❡❞s ♦❢ t❤✐s ♦♥❡ ✖

❣r❡❛t ❬❞❡❡❞s❪ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❡①❛❧t✐♥❣ ♦♥❡✱ r❡❛❧ ❬❞❡❡❞s❪ ♦❢ t❤❡ r❡❛❧ ♦♥❡✳
❉✉r✐♥❣ ✏t❤r❡❡✲❤♦✇❧s✑ ❤❡ ❞r❛♥❦ t❤❡ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❬Soma❪❀
✐♥ ✐t✬s ✐♥t♦①✐❝❛t✐♦♥ Indra s❧❛②❡❞ t❤❡ s♥❛❦❡✳
✖✖
✷✳ ❍❡ s❤❛❧❧ ♠❛❦❡ t❤❡ ✈❛st ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ♣r♦♣♣❡❞ ✖
✉♣ t♦ ❜♦t❤ Rodas✲❡s ❤❡ ✜❧❧❡❞ t❤❡ ✐♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ s♣❛❝❡❀
❤❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❝❛✉s❡ t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤ t♦ ❜❡❛r ❬❤✐♠❪✱
❛♥❞ s❤❡ s❤❛❧❧ s♣r❡❛❞ ❬❤✐♠❪❀
Indra ❤❛s ♣❡r❢♦r♠❡❞ t❤❡s❡ ❬❞❡❡❞s❪ ✐♥ Soma✬s ✐♥t♦①✐❝❛t✐♦♥✳
✸✳ ▲✐❦❡ ❛ ❞✇❡❧❧✐♥❣ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ❢r♦♥t
❬♠♦❞✉❧❛t❡s ❧✐❣❤t ❛♥❞ s♦✉♥❞ ❢r♦♠ ♦✉ts✐❞❡❪✱
❤❡✱ ✉s✐♥❣ ❝♦♥❝❡♣t✐♦♥s✱ ❤❛s ♠♦❞✉❧❛t❡❞ ❬✢♦✇✐♥❣ ✇❛t❡rs❪✱
✉s✐♥❣ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t ❤❡ s♣❧✐t ♦♣❡♥ t❤❡ ❛♣❡rt✉r❡s
♦❢ ❬✐♥♥❡r❪ ✢♦✇✐♥❣ ✇❛t❡rs
❬t❤❛t❪ ❤❡ ❛t ✇✐❧❧ r❡❧❡❛s❡❞ ❬t♦ ✢♦✇❪
❛❧♦♥❣ ❧♦♥❣✲str❡t❝❤✐♥❣ ♣❛t❤✇❛②s❀
Indra ❤❛s ♣❡r❢♦r♠❡❞ t❤❡s❡ ❬❞❡❡❞s❪ ✐♥ Soma✬s ✐♥t♦①✐❝❛t✐♦♥✳
✹✳ ❍❡✱ ❣♦✐♥❣ ✐♥ t✉r♥ t♦ ❡❛❝❤ ♦♥❡ ❣✐✈✐♥❣ ♣r✐♦r✐t② t♦ ❞❡❝❡♣t✐♦♥✱
❜✉r♥❡❞ ❡✈❡r② ✇❡❛♣♦♥ ✐♥ ❧✐❣❤t❡❞ ✜r❡❀
❛❧♦♥❣ ✇✐t❤ ❝♦✇s✱ ❤♦rs❡s✱ ❝❤❛r✐♦ts ❤❡ r❡❧❡❛s❡❞ ❬t❤❡♠❪✳
Indra ❤❛s ♣❡r❢♦r♠❡❞ t❤❡s❡ ❬❞❡❡❞s❪ ✐♥ Soma✬s ✐♥t♦①✐❝❛t✐♦♥✳
✺✳ ❍❡ st♦♣♣❡❞ t✉♠✉❧t✉♦✉s ✢♦♦❞✐♥❣ ❬str❡❛♠❪ ❢r♦♠ ❣♦✐♥❣✱
❤❡ ♠❛❞❡ t❤♦s❡ ✇❤♦ ✇❡r❡ ♥♦t ❢♦♥❞ ♦❢ ❜❛t❤✐♥❣ ❬✐♥ ✐t❪
t♦ s✉❝❝❡ss❢✉❧❧② ❣❡t ♦✈❡r ✐t❀
❚❤❡②✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❡♠❡r❣❡❞ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ✇❛t❡r✱
❛❞✈❛♥❝❡❞ t♦✇❛r❞s t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡✳
Indra ❤❛s ♣❡r❢♦r♠❡❞ t❤❡s❡ ❬❞❡❡❞s❪ ✐♥ Soma✬s ✐♥t♦①✐❝❛t✐♦♥✳
✻✳ ❍❡✱ ❡①❛❧t✐♥❣✱ r❡❧❡❛s❡❞ t✉r♥❡❞ ✉♣✇❛r❞s Sindhu✱
✇✐t❤ t❤❡ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t ❤❡ ❜r♦❦❡ ✐♥t♦ ♣✐❡❝❡s t❤❡ ❝❛rt ♦❢ t❤❡ ❉❛✇♥
❤❡✇✐♥❣ ✐♥❛❝t✐✈❡ ♦♥❡s
✶ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ✢❡❡t✐♥❣ ♦♥❡s ✷ ✳
Indra ❤❛s ♣❡r❢♦r♠❡❞ t❤❡s❡ ❬❞❡❡❞s❪ ✐♥ Soma✬s ✐♥t♦①✐❝❛t✐♦♥✳
✼✳ ❍❡✱ ❦♥♦✇✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❤✐❞✐♥❣ ♣❧❛❝❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ♠❛✐❞❡♥s✱
❜❡❝♦♠✐♥❣ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st✱ st♦♦❞ ❛❜♦✈❡ ❬❛❧❧❪✱ ❬❤❡✱❪ t❤❡ ♦✉t❝❛st ✖
❛ ❝r✐♣♣❧❡ st♦♦❞ ✜r♠✱ ❛ ❜❧✐♥❞ ❞✐❞ s❡❡✳
Indra ❤❛s ♣❡r❢♦r♠❡❞ t❤❡s❡ ❬❞❡❡❞s❪ ✐♥ Soma✬s ✐♥t♦①✐❝❛t✐♦♥✳

✶ ♠✳
✷ ❢✳
✹✵✻

bhinádvalámáṅgirobhirgr.n.ānó
vı́ párvatasya dr.m . hitā´nyairat |
rin.ágródhām
. si kr.trı́mān.yes.ām
.
sómasya tā´ máda ı́ndraścakāra || 8 ||

svápnenābhyúpyā cúmurim . dhúnim. ca

jaghántha dásyum . prá dabh´ı̄timāvah. |
rambh´ı̄ cidátra vivide hı́ran.yam.
sómasya tā´ máda ı́ndraścakāra || 9 ||

nūnám . sā´ te práti váram

. jaritré
duhı̄yádindra dáks.in.ā maghónı̄ |
śı́ks.ā stotŕ.bhyo mā´ti dhagbhágo no
br.hádvadema vidáthe suv´ı̄rāh. || 10 ||
 ✹✵✼

✽✳ ❍❡✱ ❜❡✐♥❣ ❡①t♦❧❧❡❞ ❜② aṅgiras✲❡s✱ s❤❛❧❧ ♣✐❡r❝❡ t❤❡ ❝❛✈❡r♥✱

❤❡ ❡♠♣t✐❡❞ ❢♦rt✐✜❡❞ str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞s ♦❢ ❛ ❦♥♦tt② ♦♥❡✱
❤❡ ❞✐s♠❛♥t❧❡❞ t❤❡✐r ❛rt✐✜❝✐❛❧ ❞❛♠s✳
Indra ❤❛s ♣❡r❢♦r♠❡❞ t❤❡s❡ ❬❞❡❡❞s❪ ✐♥ Soma✬s ✐♥t♦①✐❝❛t✐♦♥✳
✾✳ ❙♣r❛②✐♥❣ Dhuni ❬❛♥❞❪ Cumuri ✇✐t❤ ❞r♦✇s✐♥❡ss
t❤♦✉ s❧❛②❡❞ ❛♥ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡ t♦ s✉✛❡r ✇❛♥t ✖
t❤♦✉ ❢❛✈♦✉r❡❞ ❞❡❝❡♣t✐♦♥❀
❡✈❡♥ ❤❡ ✇❤♦ ✇❛s ❝❛rr②✐♥❣ ❛ st✐❝❦ ❤❛s ❢♦✉♥❞ s♦♠❡ ❣♦❧❞✳
Indra ❤❛s ♣❡r❢♦r♠❡❞ t❤❡s❡ ❬❞❡❡❞s❪ ✐♥ Soma✬s ✐♥t♦①✐❝❛t✐♦♥✳
✖✖
✶✵✳ ◆♦✇✱ ♠❛② ②♦✉r✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❜r✐♥❣✐♥❣ s❛t✐s❢❛❝t✐♦♥ ❧✐❜❡r❛❧✐t②
②✐❡❧❞ ❢♦r t❤❡ ✐♥✈♦❦❡r t♦ ❤✐s ❤❡❛rt✬s ❝♦♥t❡♥t ❬t❤❛t ❡♥❡r❣②❪✦
❊①❡rt t❤②s❡❧❢ ❢♦r ❤②♠♥ s✐♥❣❡rs✬ s❛❦❡✦
▼❛② ♥♦t ❬t❤✐s❪ ❢♦rt✉♥❡ ♣❛ss ✉s ❜②
s♦ ✇❡✱ ♠❛♥❧②✱ ❝♦✉❧❞ s♣❡❛❦ ❛❧♦❢t ❛t ❦♥♦✇❧❡❞❣❡✲s❤❛r✐♥❣ s❡ss✐♦♥✳
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✷✳✶✻

Gr.tsamada | ✶✕✽ Jagatı̄✱ ✾ Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra

prá vah. satā´m

. jyés..thatamāya sus..tutı́m
agnā´viva samidhāné havı́rbhare |
ı́ndramajuryám . jaráyantamuks.itám .
sanā´dyúvānamávase havāmahe || 1 ||

yásmādı́ndrādbr.hatáh. kı́m . canémr.té

vı́śvānyasminsámbhr.tā´dhi vı̄ryā` |
jat.háre sómam. tanv`ı̄ sáho máho
háste vájram. bhárati śı̄rs.án.i krátum || 2 ||

ná ks.on.´ı̄bhyām
. paribhvè ta indriyám .
ná samudráıh. párvatairindra te ráthah. |
ná te vájramánvaśnoti káścaná
yádāśúbhih. pátasi yójanā purú || 3 ||

vı́śve hyàsmai yajatā´ya dhr..sn.áve

krátum . bháranti vr..sabhā´ya sáścate |
vŕ..sā yajasva havı́s.ā vidús..tarah.
pı́bendra sómam . vr..sabhén.a bhānúnā || 4 ||

vŕ..sn.ah. kóśah. pavate mádhva ūrmı́r

vr..sabhā´nnāya vr..sabhā´ya pā´tave |
vŕ..san.ādhvaryū´ vr..sabhā´so ádrayo
vŕ..san.am . sómam . vr..sabhā´ya sus.vati || 5 ||

vŕ..sā te vájra utá te vŕ..sā rátho

vŕ..san.ā hárı̄ vr..sabhā´n.yā´yudhā |
vŕ..sn.o mádasya vr..sabha tvámı̄śis.a
ı́ndra sómasya vr..sabhásya tr.pn.uhi || 6 ||
 ✹✵✾

✶✳ ■ ❜r✐♥❣ ❢♦rt❤ ②♦✉r✱ ♣r❡s❡♥t ❬♥♦✇❪✱ ❝♦rr❡❝t❧② ❛rt✐❝✉❧❛t❡❞ ♣r❛✐s❡

t♦ t❤❡ ♦❧❞❡st ♦❢ ❛❧❧ ❛s ❛♥ ♦❜❧❛t✐♦♥ ✐♥t♦ ❜✉r♥✐♥❣ ✜r❡✳
❲❡ ✐♥✈♦❦❡ Indra ✇❤♦ ✐s ♥♦t s✉❜❥❡❝t t♦ ♦❧❞ ❛❣❡
❬❜✉t❪ ❝❛✉s✐♥❣ t♦ ❛❣❡✱
❬✇❤♦ ✐s❪ ❢✉❧❧② ❣r♦✇♥✱ ❬②❡t❪ s✐♥❝❡ ❢r♦♠ ♦❢ ♦❧❞ ❬✐s❪ ❛ ②♦✉t❤✱ t♦ ❤❡❧♣✳
✷✳ ❲✐t❤♦✉t ✇❤✐❝❤ ✖ ❬✇✐t❤♦✉t❪ ✈❛st Indra ✖
♥♦t❤✐♥❣ ✇❤❛ts♦❡✈❡r ❬✐s ❛❝❝♦♠♣❧✐s❤❡❞❪❀
✐♥ t❤✐s ♦♥❡ ❛❧❧ ❛s♣❡❝ts ♦❢ ✈❛❧♦r ❛r❡ ❜r♦✉❣❤t t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✖
❤❡ ❝❛rr✐❡s Soma ✐♥ t❤❡ ❜❡❧❧②✱
♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ str❡♥❣t❤✱ ♠✐❣❤t ✐♥ t❤❡ ❜♦❞②✱
t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t ✐♥ ❤❛♥❞✱ r❡s♦✉r❝❡❢✉❧♥❡ss ✐♥ t❤❡ ❤❡❛❞✳
✖✖
✸✳ ◆♦t ❜② t✇♦ tr❡♠❧✐♥❣ ♦♥❡s t❤② ♣♦✇❡r ♦✈❡r ❛✛❡❝t✐♦♥s
✶
✐s t♦ ❜❡ ❝♦♥t❛✐♥❡❞✱
♥♦r t❤❡ ❝❤❛r✐♦t ❬✐s t♦ ❜❡ ❝♦♥t❛✐♥❡❞❪ ✇✐t❤ s❡❛s ❛♥❞ ♠♦✉♥t❛✐♥s✱
❖ Indra✦
◆♦ ♦♥❡ ❡q✉❛❧s t❤② t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t
✇❤❡♥ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ s✇✐❢t ♦♥❡s t❤♦✉ ❢✉❧❧② ❞❡s❝❡♥❞ ✉♣♦♥ ✈❡❤✐❝❧❡s ✳ ✷
✹✳ ❙✐♥❝❡ ❛❧❧ ❢♦st❡r ❬t❤❡✐r❪ s❦✐❧❧ ❢♦r t❤✐s ♦♥❡✱
❢♦r ✇♦rt❤② ♦❢ ✇♦rs❤✐♣✱ ❞❛r✐♥❣ ♦♥❡✱
t♦ ♦♥❡ ✇❤♦✱ ❛♣♣❡❛r✐♥❣ ❛s ❛ ❜✉❧❧✱ ✐s ❝♦♠♠✐tt❡❞✳
❬❇❡✐♥❣ s✉❝❤❪ ❛ ❜✉❧❧ ❞♦ t❤♦✉✱ ❛ ♠♦r❡ ❦♥♦✇❧❡❞❣❡❛❜❧❡ ♦♥❡✱
s❛❝r✐✜❝❡ t♦ t❤②s❡❧❢ ✇✐t❤ ❬t❤✐s❪ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣ ✖
❞r✐♥❦ Soma ✇✐t❤ ❛♥ ❛♣♣❡❛r❛♥❝❡ r❡s❡♠❜❧✐♥❣ ❛ ❜✉❧❧✳
✖✖
✺✳ ❚❤❡ s✉❜t❧❡ ❜♦❞② ♦❢ t❤❡ ❜✉❧❧ ❜❡❝♦♠❡s ♣✉r❡❀ ❛ ✇❛✈❡ ♦❢ ❤♦♥❡② ❬✐s❪
❢♦r ❤✐♠ ❢♦r ✇❤♦♠ ❤❡ ✱ ✇❤♦ r❡s❡♠❜❧❡s ❜✉❧❧✱ ✐s ❢♦♦❞✱
✸
t♦ ❞r✐♥❦ ❢♦r ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ r❡s❡♠❜❧❡s ❜✉❧❧ ✳ ✹
❚✇♦ ❜✉❧❧s✱ t✇♦ adhvaryu✲s✱ r❡s❡♠❜❧✐♥❣ ❜✉❧❧s ❬❛r❡❪ t❤❡ st♦♥❡s❀
❬✉s✐♥❣ t❤❡♠❪ ♦♥❡ ❡①tr❛❝ts r❡s❡♠❜❧✐♥❣ ❜✉❧❧ Soma✳
✻✳ ❚❤② t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t ✐s ❛ ❜✉❧❧✱ ❛♥❞ t❤② ❝❤❛r✐♦t ❬✐s ❛ ❜✉❧❧❪❀
t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s ❛r❡ ❜✉❧❧s✱ r❡s❡♠❜❧✐♥❣ ❜✉❧❧ ❛r❡ ✇❡❛♣♦♥s✱
t❤♦✉✱ ❖ ❛♣♣❡❛r✐♥❣ ❛s ❛ ❜✉❧❧✱
❛r❡ t❤❡ ♠❛st❡r ♦❢ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t✐♦♥ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ❜✉❧❧❀
❖ Indra✱ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ s❛t✐s✜❡❞ ✇✐t❤ r❡s❡♠❜❧✐♥❣ ❜✉❧❧ Soma✳

✶ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ❛♥❞ ❊❛rt❤

✷ ♠❡♥ ✇❤♦ ❛r❡ ✐♥ t❤❡ st❛t❡ ♦❢ ❜❡✐♥❣ Indra
✸ Soma
✹ Indra
✹✶✵

prá te nā´vam
. ná sámane vacasyúvam .
bráhman.ā yāmi sávanes.u dā´dhr..sih. |
kuvı́nno asyá vácaso nibódhis.ad
ı́ndramútsam . ná vásunah. sicāmahe || 7 ||

purā´ sambādhā´dabhyā´ vavr.tsva no

dhenúrná vatsám . yávasasya pipyús.ı̄ |
sakŕ.tsú te sumatı́bhih. śatakrato
. pátnı̄bhirná vŕ..san.o nası̄mahi || 8 ||
sám

nūnám . sā´ te práti váram

. jaritré
duhı̄yádindra dáks.in.ā maghónı̄ |
śı́ks.ā stotŕ.bhyo mā´ti dhagbhágo no
br.hádvadema vidáthe suv´ı̄rāh. || 9 ||
 ✹✶✶

✼✳ ■♥ ❛♥ ❛ss❡♠❜❧② ❬■ ❜r✐♥❣❪ ❢♦rt❤ ❢♦r t❤❡❡

❡❧♦q✉❡♥t ❬❜❡❛✉t✐❢✉❧ ♣r❛✐s❡ ❪ ❛s ❛ s❤✐♣✱
✺
❝♦✉r❛❣❡♦✉s t❤r♦✉❣❤ ❛ s❛❝r❡❞ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥✱
■ ♣r♦❝❡❡❞ ❞✉r✐♥❣ ♣r❡ss✐♥❣s ❬♦❢ Soma❪✳
❲❤❡t❤❡r ❤❡ ❜❡❝♦♠❡s ❛✇❛r❡ ♦❢ t❤✐s ♦✉r s♣❡❡❝❤ ❬♦r ♥♦t❪ ✖
✇❡ ❡♠✐t Indra ❛s ❛ ❢♦✉♥t❛✐♥ ♦❢ ❜❡♥❡✜ts✳
✽✳ ❇❡❢♦r❡ ❞✐str❡ss ❬str✐❦❡s❪✱ t✉r♥ t♦✇❛r❞s ✉s
❧✐❦❡ ❛ ♠✐❧❝❤✲❝♦✇✱ s✇❡❧❧❡❞ ♦❢ ❣r❛ss✱ ❬t✉r♥s❪ t♦✇❛r❞s ❛ ❝❛❧❢✳
❲❡ ✇✐❧❧✐♥❣❧② r❡s♦rt t♦ t❤② ❡✛❡❝t✐✈❡ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❣❡st✉r❡s✱
❖ ♦♥❡ ♦❢ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ✇✐❧❡s✱
❧✐❦❡ ❜✉❧❧s t♦ ❬t❤❡✐r❪ ✇✐✈❡s✳
✖✖
✾✳ ◆♦✇✱ ♠❛② t❤②✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❜r✐♥❣✐♥❣ s❛t✐s❢❛❝t✐♦♥ ❧✐❜❡r❛❧✐t②
②✐❡❧❞ ❢♦r t❤❡ ✐♥✈♦❦❡r t♦ ❤✐s ❤❡❛rt✬s ❝♦♥t❡♥t ❬t❤❛t ❡♥❡r❣②❪✦
❊①❡rt t❤②s❡❧❢ ❢♦r ❤②♠♥ s✐♥❣❡rs✬ s❛❦❡✦
▼❛② ♥♦t ❬t❤✐s❪ ❢♦rt✉♥❡ ♣❛ss ✉s ❜②
s♦ ✇❡✱ ♠❛♥❧②✱ ❝♦✉❧❞ s♣❡❛❦ ❛❧♦❢t ❛t ❦♥♦✇❧❡❞❣❡✲s❤❛r✐♥❣ s❡ss✐♦♥✳

✺ sustutı́m
..
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✷✳✶✼

Gr.tsamada | ✶✕✼ Jagatı̄✱ ✽✕✾ Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra

tádasmai návyamaṅgirasvádarcata
śús.mā yádasya pratnáthod´ı̄rate |
vı́śvā yádgotrā´ sáhasā párı̄vr.tā
máde sómasya dr.m . hitā´nyáırayat || 1 ||

sá bhūtu yó ha prathamā´ya dhā´yasa

ójo mı́māno mahimā´namā´tirat |
śū´ro yó yutsú tanvàm. parivyáta
śı̄rs.án.i dyā´m
. mahin ´
ā prátyamuñcata || 2 ||

ádhākr.n.oh. prathamám . vı̄ryàm

. mahád
yádasyā´gre bráhman.ā śús.mamáırayah. |
rathes..théna háryaśvena vı́cyutāh.
prá jı̄ráyah. sisrate sadhryàkpŕ.thak || 3 ||

ádhā yó vı́śvā bhúvanābhı́

majmáneśānakŕ.tprávayā abhyávardhata |
ā´dródası̄ jyótis.ā váhnirā´tanot
s´ı̄vyantámām . si dúdhitā sámavyayat || 4 ||

sá prāc´ı̄nānpárvatāndr.m. had

ójasādharāc´ı̄namakr.n.odapā´mápah. |
ádhārayatpr.thiv´ı̄m. viśvádhāyasamá
stabhnānmāyáyā dyā´mavasrásah. || 5 ||

sā´smā áram. bāhúbhyām . yám. pitā´kr.n.od

vı́śvasmādā´ janús.o védasaspári |
yénā pr.thivyā´m
. nı́ krı́vim. śayádhyai
vájren.a hatvyávr.n.aktuvis.ván.ih. || 6 ||
 ✹✶✸

✶✳ ❨❡ s❤❛❧❧ r❡❝✐t❡ t❤✐s ♥❡✇ ❬❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥ ❪

✶
✐♥ t❤❡ ♠❛♥♥❡r ♦❢ aṅgiras✲❡s ✖
✐♠♣✉❧s❡s ♦❢ t❤✐s ♦♥❡ ✇✐❧❧ ❛r✐s❡
❛s ❬t❤❡② ❞✐❞❪ ✐♥ ♦❧❞ t✐♠❡s
✇❤❡♥ ❛❧❧ ❝♦✇s❤❡❞s ❬✇❡r❡❪ ✈❡✐❧❡❞ ✐♥ ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ str❡♥❣t❤❀
✐♥ Soma✬s ✐♥t♦①✐❝❛t✐♦♥ ❤❡ ❜r♦✉❣❤t t♦ ❧✐❢❡ ❢♦rt✐✜❡❞ str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞s✳
✖✖
✷✳ ▲❡t ❤❡ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❬♠❛♥✐❢❡st❪
✇❤♦ ✐♥❞❡❡❞ ❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ♠♦st ❡①❝❡❧❧❡♥t ♥♦✉r✐s❤✐♥❣
❝r♦ss❡❞ ♦✈❡r ❤❡r❡✱ ❛♣♣♦rt✐♦♥✐♥❣ ✈✐❣♦✉r
t♦ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r ❬❢♦r ❤✐♠❪ t♦ ✐♥❝r❡❛s❡✲✐♥✲s✐③❡❀
❛♥ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱ ✇❤♦ ✇r❛♣♣❡❞ ❤✐♠s❡❧❢ ✉♣ ✐♥ ❝❧❛s❤❡s✱
❤❡ ❤❛s✱ t❤r♦✉❣❤ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ✐♥❝r❡❛s❡ ✐♥ s✐③❡✱
❛ss✉♠❡❞ ✐♥ t❤❡ ❤❡❛❞ ❛ ❢♦r♠ ♦❢ ❛ ❬r❡❞❄❪ ❣❧♦✇✳
✖✖
✸✳ ✭◆♦✇✱ t❤♦✉ ♠❛❞❡ t❤❡ ♣r✐♠❛r② ❛s♣❡❝t ♦❢ ✈❛❧♦r ❛♠♣❧❡
✇❤❡♥ ❛❤❡❛❞ ♦❢ ✐t t❤♦✉ st✐rr❡❞ ✉♣ t❤❡ ❢❡r✈♦r ✇✐t❤ ❛ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥✳✮
▲♦♦s❡♥❡❞ ❜② ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ st❛♥❞s ♦♥ ❛ ❝❤❛r✐♦t✱
✇❤♦ ❤❛s t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s ❢♦r ❤♦rs❡s✱
t❤❡ q✉✐❝❦ ✇❛t❡rs ✢♦✇ ❢♦rt❤ ❝♦♥✈❡r❣✐♥❣ ❬❜✉t❪ s❡♣❛r❛t❡❧②✳
✹✳ ◆♦✇✱ ✇❤♦✱ r❡♥❞❡r✐♥❣ ♦♥❡ ❝♦♠♣❡t❡♥t✱ ✐♥ ❢✉❧❧ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱
❡①t❡♥❞❡❞ ♠❛❥❡st✐❝❛❧❧② ♦✈❡r ❛❧❧ ♣❧❛❝❡s ♦❢ ❡①✐st❡♥❝❡✱
❛♥❞ ❤❡ ✇❤♦ ❝♦♥✈❡②s s♣r❡❛❞ t❤❡ ❧✐❣❤t ♦✈❡r ❜♦t❤ Rodas✲❡s❀
✷
st✐t❝❤✐♥❣ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ♦❜s❝✉r❛t✐♦♥s✱ ❤❡ ✇r❛♣♣❡❞ ✉♣ t✉r❜✐❞ ♦♥❡s✳
✺✳ ❇② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❛ ❢r❡♥③② s❤❛❧❧ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥ ❦♥♦tt② ♦♥❡s
t❤❛t ❛r❡ t✉r♥❡❞ t♦✇❛r❞s ❬❞❛♥❣❡r❪❀
❤❡ ♠❛❞❡ t❤❡ ❛❝t✐✈✐t② ♦❢ ✇❛t❡rs t♦ ❜❡ t❡♥❞✐♥❣ ❞♦✇♥✇❛r❞s❀
❤❡ ♠❛❞❡ t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤ t♦ ♠❛✐♥t❛✐♥ ♥♦✉r✐s❤✐♥❣ ♦❢
❛❧❧ ❬♣❧❛❝❡s ♦❢ ❡①✐st❡♥❝❡❪❀
❤❡✱ t❤r♦✉❣❤ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❢r❛♠❡ ❬♣❡r❝❡♣t✐♦♥❪✱
s✉♣♣♦rt❡❞ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ❢r♦♠ ❢❛❧❧✐♥❣ ♦✛✳
✻✳ ❚❤❛t ❬✇❛s❪ ✜t ❢♦r t❤✐s ♦♥❡✱ ❢♦r t✇♦ ❛r♠s ✇❤✐❝❤ t❤❡ ❢❛t❤❡r ♠❛❞❡✱
❡①❝❡♣t✐♥❣ ❛❧❧ ❝✐r❝✉♠st❛♥❝❡s ♦❢ ❜✐rt❤ ❛♥❞ ❦♥♦✇❧❡❞❣❡✱
✇✐t❤ ✇❤✐❝❤ ❤❡✱ r♦❛r✐♥❣ ♦❢t❡♥✱ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✱
str✐❦✐♥❣✱ ✇r✉♥❣ ♦✛ t❤❡ ✢❡s❤ ♦♥t♦ t❤❡ ❣r♦✉♥❞ t♦ r❡st✳
✖✖

✶ ✈❡rs❡ ✷
✷ Agni
✹✶✹

amājū´riva pitróh. sácā sat´ı̄

samānā´dā´ sádasastvā´miye bhágam |
kr.dhı́ praketámúpa māsyā´ bhara
daddhı́ bhāgám . tanvò yéna māmáhah. || 7 ||

bhojám . tvā´mindra vayám . huvema

dadı́s..tvámindrā´pām
. si vā´jān |
avid.d.h`ı̄ndra citráyā na ūt´ı̄
kr.dhı́ vr..sannindra vásyaso nah. || 8 ||

nūnám . sā´ te práti váram

. jaritré
duhı̄yádindra dáks.in.ā maghónı̄ |
śı́ks.ā stotŕ.bhyo mā´ti dhagbhágo no
br.hádvadema vidáthe suv´ı̄rāh. || 9 ||
 ✹✶✺

✼✳ ▲✐❦❡ ❛ ❣r♦✇✐♥❣ ♦❧❞ ❛t ❤♦♠❡ ❜② ❬❤❡r❪ ♣❛r❡♥ts ❧❛❞②✱

■✱ ❢r♦♠ ❛♠♦♥❣ ❡q✉❛❧s ❛t t❤❡ ❛ss❡♠❜❧②✱
❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤ t❤❡❡ ❢♦r ❛ ❣♦♦❞ ❢♦rt✉♥❡✳
❊✛❡❝t ❛ ♣♦rt❡♥t ❬t❤❛t❪ t❤♦✉ ❛ss✐❣♥✱ ❜r✐♥❣ ❤❡r❡✱
❣✐✈❡ ❛ s❤❛r❡ ♦❢ t❤②s❡❧❢ ✇✐t❤ ✇❤✐❝❤ t❤♦✉ ✇♦✉❧❞ ❡❧❛t❡ ❬✉s❪✳
✽✳ ❲❡ ❝❛♥ ❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥ ❧✐❜❡r❛❧ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Indra✱ ✖
t❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❛r❡ ❜❡st♦✇✐♥❣ ✇♦r❦s✱ r✉s❤❡s ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r
❋❛✈♦✉r ✉s✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❜② ✈❛r✐♦✉s ♠❡❛♥s✱
▼❛❦❡ ✉s✱ ❖ ❜✉❧❧ Indra✱ ❜❡tt❡r✦
✾✳ ◆♦✇✱ ♠❛② ②♦✉r✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❜r✐♥❣✐♥❣ s❛t✐s❢❛❝t✐♦♥ ❧✐❜❡r❛❧✐t②
②✐❡❧❞ ❢♦r t❤❡ ✐♥✈♦❦❡r t♦ ❤✐s ❤❡❛rt✬s ❝♦♥t❡♥t ❬t❤❛t ❡♥❡r❣②❪✦
❊①❡rt t❤②s❡❧❢ ❢♦r ❤②♠♥ s✐♥❣❡rs✬ s❛❦❡✦
▼❛② ♥♦t ❬t❤✐s❪ ❢♦rt✉♥❡ ♣❛ss ✉s ❜②
s♦ ✇❡✱ ✈❡r② ♠❛♥❧②✱ ❝❛♥ ❛❞❞r❡ss ❛ ❦♥♦✇❧❡❞❣❡✲s❤❛r✐♥❣ s❡ss✐♦♥✦
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✷✳✶✽

Gr.tsamada | Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra

prātā´ rátho návo yoji sásniścáturyugastrikaśáh. saptáraśmih. |

dáśāritro manus.yàh. svars.ā´h. sá is..tı́bhirmatı́bhı̄ rám
. hyo bhūt || 1 ||

sā´smā áram . prathamám . sá dvit´ı̄yam

utó tr.t´ı̄yam
. mánus ah
. . sá hótā |
anyásyā gárbhamanyá ū jananta
só anyébhih. sacate jényo vŕ..sā || 2 ||

hárı̄ nú kam . rátha ı́ndrasya yojamāyáı sūkténa vácasā návena |

mó .sú tvā´mátra bahávo hı́ vı́prā nı́ rı̄ramanyájamānāso anyé || 3 ||

ā´ dvā´bhyām . háribhyāmindra yāhyā´

´
catúrbhirā .sad.bhı́rhūyámānah. |
ā´.s.tābhı́rdaśábhih. somapéyam
ayám . sutáh. sumakha mā´ mŕ.dhaskah. || 4 ||

ā´ vim
. śatyā´ trim. śátā yāhyarvā´ṅā´ catvārim
. śátā háribhiryujānáh. |
ā´ pañcāśátā suráthebhirindrā´ .sas..tyā´ saptatyā´ somapéyam || 5 ||

ā´śı̄tyā´ navatyā´ yāhyarvā´ṅā´ śaténa háribhiruhyámānah. |

ayám . hı́ te śunáhotres.u sóma ı́ndra tvāyā´ páris.ikto mádāya || 6 ||

máma bráhmendra yāhyáchā vı́śvā hárı̄ dhurı́ dhis.vā ráthasya |

purutrā´ hı́ vihávyo babhū´thāsmı́ñchūra sávane mādayasva || 7 ||

ná ma ı́ndren.a sakhyám . vı́ yos.adasmábhyamasya dáks.in.ā duhı̄ta |

úpa jyés..the várūthe gábhastau prāyéprāye jigı̄vā´m
. sah. syāma || 8 ||

nūnám . sā´ te práti váram

. jaritré
duhı̄yádindra dáks.in.ā maghónı̄ |
śı́ks.ā stotŕ.bhyo mā´ti dhagbhágo no
br.hádvadema vidáthe suv´ı̄rāh. || 9 ||
 ✹✶✼

✶✳ ❆ ❢r❡s❤ ❝❤❛r✐♦t ♦❢ ❢♦✉r ❣❡♥❡r❛t✐♦♥s✱

❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❤r❡❡ t❤♦♥❣s ❬❛♥❞❪ s❡✈❡♥ r❡✐♥s
✐s t♦ ❜❡ ❤❛r♥❡ss❡❞ ❛t ❞❛②❜r❡❛❦❀
❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❡♥ ♣❛rts✱ ❤✉♠❛♥✱ ❬②❡t❪ ❣❛✐♥✐♥❣ svàr✱
t❤r♦✉❣❤ ❞❡s✐r❡s ❛♥❞ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❣❡st✉r❡s
✐t s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ ❜❡❝❛♠❡ ❬❛ ❝❤❛r✐♦t❪ ♦❢ ❡❛❣❡r♥❡ss✳
✷✳ ❍❡ ✐s ✜t ❢♦r t❤✐s ♦♥❡ ❢♦r t❤❡ ✜rst t✐♠❡✱ ❢♦r t❤❡ s❡❝♦♥❞ t✐♠❡
❛♥❞ ❢♦r t❤❡ t❤✐r❞ t✐♠❡ ✖ ❤❡ ✐s ♠❛♥✬s ❡♥✈♦❦❡r❀
s♦ t❤❛t ♦t❤❡rs ❜❡❣❡t ❛♥ ❡♠❜r②♦ ♦❢ ❛♥♦t❤❡r ❬❢❡♠❛❧❡❪
❤❡✱ ❛ ❜✉❧❧ ♦❢ ♥♦❜❧❡ ♦r✐❣✐♥✱ ❛ss♦❝✐❛t❡s ❤✐♠s❡❧❢ ✇✐t❤ ♦t❤❡rs✳
✸✳ ◆♦✇ t❤❡♥✱ ■ s❤❛❧❧ ②♦❦❡ t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s ✐♥t♦ Indra✬s ❝❤❛r✐♦t
✉s✐♥❣ ♥❡✇ ♣r♦♣❡r❧② r❡❝✐t❡❞ ✉tt❡r❛♥❝❡ ✖ ❬❢♦r ❤✐♠❪ t♦ ❝♦♠❡✳
▼❛② ♥♦t ♦t❤❡r s❛❝r✐✜❝❡rs ✭s✐♥❝❡ ❬t❤❡r❡ ❛r❡❪ ♠❛♥② ✐♥s♣✐r❡❞ ♦♥❡s✮
r❡❛❧❧② ✐♠♣❡❞❡ t❤❡❡ ✐♥ t❤✐s ❝❛s❡✦
✹✳ ❖ Indra✱ ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s✱
✇✐t❤ ❢♦✉r✱ ✇✐t❤ s✐①✱ ❜❡✐♥❣ s✉♠♠♦♥❡❞✱
✇✐t❤ ❡✐❣❤t✱ ✇✐t❤ t❡♥✱ ❛ ❞r✐♥❦ ♦❢ Soma✦
▼❛② t❤✐s ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❬Soma❪ ♥♦t ❝❛✉s❡ ❝♦♥t❡♠♣t✱
❖ ♦♥❡ ♦❢ ❛ ❣♦♦❞ ✜❣❤t✐♥❣ s♣✐r✐t✦
✺✳ ❆♣♣r♦❛❝❤✱ ❝♦♠✐♥❣ ❤✐t❤❡r✇❛r❞✱ ❡♠♣❧♦②✐♥❣ ❬❝❤❛r✐♦ts❪
✇✐t❤ t✇❡♥t②✱ t❤✐rt②✱ ❢♦rt② t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s✱
✇✐t❤ ✜❢t② ✇❡❧❧ ②♦❦❡❞ t♦ ❝❤❛r✐♦ts✱ ❖ Indra✱
✇✐t❤ s✐①t②✱ ✇✐t❤ s❡✈❡♥t② ❬❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤❪ ❛ ❞r✐♥❦ ♦❢ Soma✦
✻✳ ❆♣♣r♦❛❝❤✱ ❝♦♠✐♥❣ ❤✐t❤❡r✇❛r❞✱
t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ❡✐❣❤t②✱ ♥✐♥❡t②✱
✇✐t❤ ❛ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s✱ ❬t❤♦✉❪✱ ❜❡✐♥❣ ❝♦♥✈❡②❡❞ ❬❤❡r❡❪✱
❜❡❝❛✉s❡ ❢♦r t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Indra✱ t❤✐s Soma ✐s ♣♦✉r❡❞ ♦✉t
❛♠♦♥❣ Śunahotra✲s ❢♦r t❤❡❡✱ ❢♦r ❛♥ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t✐♦♥✳
✼✳ Pr♦❝❡❡❞ t♦ ♠② ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥✱ ❖ Indra✱
✜① ❡✈❡r② ♣❛✐r ♦❢ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s t♦ ❛ ❝❤❛r✐♦t✲♣♦❧❡❀
s✐♥❝❡ ✐♥ ♠❛♥② ✇❛②s t❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ❜❡❡♥ ✐♥✈♦❦❡❞✱ ❖ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱
❞♦ ♠❛❦❡ t❤②s❡❧❢ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t❡❞ ❞✉r✐♥❣ t❤✐s ♣r❡ss✐♥❣ ❬♦❢ Soma❪✦
✽✳ ▼② ❢r✐❡♥❞s❤✐♣ ✇✐t❤ Indra ❞✐❞ ♥♦t ❞❡♣❛rt ❬❢r♦♠ t❤✐s ♣r❡ss✐♥❣❪✱
❬s♦❪ ❤✐s ❞♦♥❛t✐♦♥ ❝♦✉❧❞ ②✐❡❧❞ ✐ts ♠✐❧❦ ❢♦r ✉s✳
▼♦r❡♦✈❡r✱ ✉♥❞❡r t❤❡ ♠♦st ❡①❝❡❧❧❡♥t ♣r♦t❡❝t✐♦♥ ✐♥ ❤❛♥❞
✐♥ ❡✈❡r② ❛❞✈❛♥❝❡ ♠❡ ❝♦✉❧❞ ❜❡ ❝♦♥q✉❡r♦rs✳
✾✳ ◆♦✇✱ ♠❛② ②♦✉r✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❜r✐♥❣✐♥❣ s❛t✐s❢❛❝t✐♦♥ ❧✐❜❡r❛❧✐t②
②✐❡❧❞ ❢♦r t❤❡ ✐♥✈♦❦❡r t♦ ❤✐s ❤❡❛rt✬s ❝♦♥t❡♥t ❬t❤❛t ❡♥❡r❣②❪✦
❊①❡rt t❤②s❡❧❢ ❢♦r ❤②♠♥ s✐♥❣❡rs✬ s❛❦❡✦
▼❛② ♥♦t ❬t❤✐s❪ ❢♦rt✉♥❡ ♣❛ss ✉s ❜②
s♦ ✇❡✱ ✈❡r② ♠❛♥❧②✱ ❝❛♥ ❛❞❞r❡ss ❛ ❦♥♦✇❧❡❞❣❡✲s❤❛r✐♥❣ s❡ss✐♦♥✦
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✷✳✶✾

Gr.tsamada | Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra

ápāyyasyā´ndhaso mádāya
mánı̄s.in.ah. suvānásya práyasah. |
yásminnı́ndrah. pradı́vi vāvr.dhāná
óko dadhé brahman.yántaśca nárah. || 1 ||

asyá mandānó mádhvo vájrahastó ′him

. vı́ vr.ścat |
ı́ndro arn.ovŕ.tam
prá yádváyo ná svásarān.yáchā
. si ca nad´ı̄nām
práyām . cákramanta || 2 ||

sá mā´hina ı́ndro árn.o apā´m

.
práırayadahihā´chā samudrám |
ájanayatsū´ryam. vidádgā´ aktúnā´hnām
.
vayúnāni sādhat || 3 ||

só aprat´ı̄ni mánave purū´n.´ı̄ndro

dāśaddāśús.e hánti vr.trám |
sadyó yó nŕ.bhyo atasā´yyo bhū´t
paspr.dhānébhyah. sū´ryasya sātau ´ || 4 ||

sá sunvatá ı́ndrah. sū´ryamā´

devó rin.aṅmártyāya stavā´n |
ā´ yádrayı́m
. guhádavadyamasmai
bháradám . . náıtaśo daśasyán || 5 ||
śam

sá randhayatsadı́vah. sā´rathaye

śús.n.amaśús.am . kútsāya |
. kúyavam
dı́vodāsāya navatı́m . ca návéndrah.
púro vyaırachámbarasya
` || 6 ||
 ✹✶✾

✶✳ ■t ✇❛s ✐♠❜✐❜❡❞ ✖ ❬❛ ❞r❛✉❣❤t❪ ♦❢ t❤✐s ❤❡r❜ ✖ ❢♦r ❛♥ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t✐♦♥✱

❖ ❧❡❛r♥❡❞ ♦♥❡s✱ ❬❛ ❞r❛✉❣❤t❪ ♦❢ ❡✛✉s✐♥❣ ❞❡❧✐❣❤t✱
❡①✐st✐♥❣ ❢r♦♠ ♦❧❞❡♥ t✐♠❡s✱ ✐♥ ✇❤✐❝❤ Indra✱ ❜❡❝♦♠✐♥❣ str♦♥❣❡r✱
❡st❛❜❧✐s❤❡❞ ❬❤✐s❪ ❛❜♦❞❡ ✖ ❛♥❞ ♠❡♥ ❛r❡ ❝r❡❛t✐♥❣ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥s✳
✷✳ ❇❡❝♦♠✐♥❣ ✐♥✢❛♠❡❞ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ❤♦♥❡② ♦❢ t❤✐s ❬❤❡r❜❪✱
t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t ✐♥ ❤❛♥❞✱
Indra s❤❛❧❧ ❤❡✇ ✐♥t♦ ♣✐❡❝❡s s✉rr♦✉♥❞❡❞ ❜② ✢♦♦❞✐♥❣ ✇❛t❡rs s♥❛❦❡
s♦ t❤❛t ❞❡❧✐❣❤t❢✉❧ ❡✛❡❝ts ♦❢ ✢♦✇✐♥❣ ✇❛t❡rs ✇♦✉❧❞ s❡t ♦✉t
❧✐❦❡ ❜✐r❞s t♦✇❛r❞s t❤❡✐r ♥❡st✳
✸✳ ❍❡✱ ❝❛✉s✐♥❣ ❥♦② Indra✱ s♥❛❦❡✲s❧❛②❡r✱
✇❤♦ ❝❛✉s❡❞ ✢♦♦❞✐♥❣ ✇❛t❡rs t♦ ❛r✐s❡ t♦✇❛r❞s t❤❡ s❡❛✱
✇❤♦ ❝❛✉s❡❞ t❤❡ s✉♥ t♦ ❡♠❡r❣❡✱ ✇❤♦ ❢♦✉♥❞ t❤❡ ❝♦✇s✖
❞✉r✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♥✐❣❤t ❤❡ s❤❛❧❧ str❛✐❣❤t❡♥ ♦✉t
❡♥t✐❝❡♠❡♥ts ❢♦r ❬❝♦♠✐♥❣❪ ❞❛②s✳
✹✳ ❍❡✱ Indra✱ s❤❛❧❧ ❣r❛♥t t♦ ❛♥ ✐♥t❡❧❧✐❣❡♥t ♠❛♥✱
✐rr❡s✐st✐❜❧❡ ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥t ❬❡♥t✐❝❡♠❡♥ts❪✱
❬❜❡❝❛✉s❡❪ ❢♦r ❛ ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡r ❤❡ str✐❦❡s ❬❞♦✇♥❪ Vr.tra✱
❬❤❡✱❪ ✇❤♦ ✐♥ ❛ ❞❛② s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ✉♥❢❛❞✐♥❣ ❢♦r ♠❡♥
t❤❛t ❤❛✈❡ str✉❣❣❧❡❞ t♦ ✇✐♥ t❤❡ s✉♥ ✳
✶
✺✳ ❍❡✱ t❤✉♥❞❡r✐♥❣ deva✱ s❤❛❧❧ r❡❧❡❛s❡ t❤❡ s✉♥
❢♦r ❛ ♣r❡ss✐♥❣ ♦✉t ❬Soma❪ ♠♦rt❛❧
✇❤❡♥ t❤❡ ✢✐❝❦❡r✐♥❣ ♦♥❡✱ r❡♥❞❡r✐♥❣ ❛ s❡r✈✐❝❡✱ s❤❛❧❧ ❜r✐♥❣ t♦ ❤✐♠
❤✐❞✐♥❣✲✇❤❛t✲✐s✲s❤❛♠❡❢✉❧ tr❡❛s✉r❡ ✖ ❛s ❛ s❤❛r❡ ❬♦❢ s♣♦✐❧s❪✳
✻✳ ■♥ ❛ ❞❛② ❤❡ ♠❛❞❡ ✉♥❛❜❛t✐♥❣✱ ❝❛✉s✐♥❣ ❧❛❝❦ ♦❢ ❜❛r❧❡② Śus.n.a
t♦ s✉❝❝✉♠❜ t♦ ❝❤❛r✐♦t❡❡r Kutsa❀
❋♦r Divodāsa Indra ❞❡s♦❧❛t❡❞
♥✐♥❡t② ♥✐♥❡ str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞s ♦❢ Śambara✳
✖✖

✶ ♣r♦❜✳ manipūra ❝❛❦r❛

.
✹✷✵

evā´ ta indrocáthamahema
śravasyā´ ná tmánā vājáyantah. |
aśyā´ma tátsā´ptamāśus.ān.ā´
nanámo vádharádevasya pı̄yóh. || 7 ||

evā´ te gr.tsamadā´h. śūra mánmāvasyávo

ná vayúnāni taks.uh. |
brahman.yánta indra te návı̄ya
ı́s.amū´rjam . sumnámaśyuh. || 8 ||
. suks.itı́m

nūnám . sā´ te práti váram

. jaritré
duhı̄yádindra dáks.in.ā maghónı̄ |
śı́ks.ā stotŕ.bhyo mā´ti dhagbhágo no
br.hádvadema vidáthe suv´ı̄rāh. || 9 ||
 ✹✷✶

✼✳ ❚♦ t❤❡❡ ✐♥❞❡❡❞✱ ❖ Indra✱ ✇❡ ❝❛♥ s❛② ❬t❤❛t❪ ♣❤r❛s❡❀

✇❡✱ ❛t ❧❡❛st ❢❛st ❡♠♣❧♦②✐♥❣ t❤❡ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱

❝❛♥ ❛tt❛✐♥ t❤❛t ❤❡♣t❛❞❡✱ ❬✇❡✱❪ str✐✈✐♥❣ ❢♦r ✐t✱

s♦ t❤❛t t❤♦✉ ❜❡♥❞ t❤❡ ❞❡str✉❝t✐✈❡ ✇❡❛♣♦♥

♦❢ ❛ ♣r♦❢❛♥❡ s❝♦r♥❢✉❧ ♦♥❡✳

✽✳ ❋♦r t❤❡❡ ✐♥❞❡❡❞✱ ❖ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱

Gr.tsamada✲s✱ ❢❛s❤✐♦♥❡❞ ❬t❤✐s❪ ♠❛♥✐❝ ✐❞❡❛✱

❧✐❦❡ s❡❡❦✐♥❣✲❛✲❢❛✈♦✉r ♦♥❡s ❬❢❛s❤✐♦♥❪ ✐♥❝❡♥t✐✈❡s❀

❬t❤❡②✱❪ ❝r❡❛t✐♥❣ s❛❝r❡❞ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛s✱ ❬❢❛s❤✐♦♥❡❞❪✱ ❖ Indra✱

❢♦r t❤❡❡ ❬t❤✐s❪ ♥❡✇ ❬♠❛♥✐❝ ✐❞❡❛❪❀

❚❤❡② ❛tt❛✐♥❡❞ r❡❢r❡s❤✐♥❣ ❞r✐♥❦✱ str❡♥❣t❤✱

❣♦♦❞ r❡❢✉❣❡✱ ❜❡♥❡✈♦❧❡♥❝❡✳

✾✳ ◆♦✇✱ ♠❛② t❤②✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❜r✐♥❣✐♥❣ s❛t✐s❢❛❝t✐♦♥ ❧✐❜❡r❛❧✐t②

②✐❡❧❞ ❢♦r t❤❡ ✐♥✈♦❦❡r t♦ ❤✐s ❤❡❛rt✬s ❝♦♥t❡♥t ❬t❤❛t ❡♥❡r❣②❪✦

❊①❡rt t❤②s❡❧❢ ❢♦r ❤②♠♥ s✐♥❣❡rs✬ s❛❦❡✦

▼❛② ♥♦t ❬t❤✐s❪ ❢♦rt✉♥❡ ♣❛ss ✉s ❜②

s♦ ✇❡✱ ✈❡r② ♠❛♥❧②✱ ❝❛♥ ❛❞❞r❡ss ❛ ❦♥♦✇❧❡❞❣❡✲s❤❛r✐♥❣ s❡ss✐♦♥✦

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✷✳✷✵

Gr.tsamada | ✶✱✷✱✹✕✾ Tris..tubh✱ ✸ Virād.rūpā | t♦ Indra

vayám . te váya indra viddhı́ .sú n.ah.

prá bharāmahe vājayúrná rátham |
vipanyávo d´ı̄dhyato manı̄s.ā´ sumnám
ı́yaks.antastvā´vato n.´r̄n || 1 ||

. na indra tvā´bhirūt´ı̄
tvám
tvāyató abhis..tipā´si jánān |
tváminó dāśús.o varūtétthā´dhı̄rabhı́
yó náks.ati tvā || 2 ||

sá no yúvéndro johū´trah. sákhā

śivó narā´mastu pātā´ |
yáh. śám
. santam. yáh. śaśamānámūt´ı̄
pácantam . ca stuvántam . ca pran.és.at || 3 ||

támu stus.a ı́ndram . tám. gr.n.ı̄s.e

yásminpurā´ vāvr.dhúh. śāśadúśca |
sá vásvah. kā´mam
. pı̄paradiyānó
brahman.yató nū´tanasyāyóh. || 4 ||

só áṅgirasāmucáthā jujus.vā´n

bráhmā tūtodı́ndro gātúmis.n.án |
mus.n.ánnus.ásah. sū´ryen.a stavā´n
áśnasya cichiśnathatpūrvyā´n.i || 5 ||

sá ha śrutá ı́ndro nā´ma devá

ūrdhvó bhuvanmánus.e dasmátamah. |
áva priyámarśasānásya sāhvā´ñchı́ro
bharaddāsásya svadhā´vān || 6 ||
 ✹✷✸

✶✳ ❲❡ ❜r✐♥❣ ❢♦rt❤ t♦ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Indra✱

♠❡♥t❛❧ ❛♥❞ ❜♦❞✐❧② ✈✐❣♦✉r ✖ ❦♥♦✇ ✉s ✇❡❧❧ ✖
❧✐❦❡ ♦♥❡ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ t❤❡ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r ❬❜r✐♥❣s ❢♦rt❤❪ ❛ ❝❤❛r✐♦t❀
❬✇❡✱❪ ❛❞♠✐r✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❣r❛❝❡ ♦❢ ❤✐♠
✇❤♦ ❡♥✈✐s✐♦♥s ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❛ ❬❝♦rr❡❝t❪ ❝♦♥❝❡♣t✐♦♥✱
❬❛r❡❪ ❞❡s✐r✐♥❣ t♦ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡ ❢♦r t❤❡ ❜❡♥❡✜t ♦❢ ♠❡♥ ✇❤♦ ❛r❡ ❧✐❦❡ t❤❡❡✳
✷✳ ❬❋❛✈♦✉r ❪ ✉s✱ ❖ Indra✱
✶
✇✐t❤ t❤② ❬❡✛❡❝t✐✈❡ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❣❡st✉r❡s ❪✱ ✇✐t❤ ❬t❤②❪ ❤❡❧♣❀
✷
t❤♦✉ ❛r❡ ♣r♦t❡❝t✐♥❣ t❤r♦✉❣❤ ❛ss✐st❛♥❝❡
s❡❡❦✐♥❣✲t♦✲❥♦✐♥✲t❤❡❡ ♣❡♦♣❧❡✳
❚❤♦✉ ❬❛r❡❪ ❛♥ ✐♥❢✉s✐♥❣ str❡♥❣t❤ ❣✉❛r❞✐❛♥ ♦❢ ❛ ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡r
✇❤♦✱ t❤✉s ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③✐♥❣✱ ❝♦♠❡s t♦ t❤❡❡✳
✖✖
✸✳ ❍❡✱ ❝❤❛❧❧❡♥❣✐♥❣ ✉s ②♦✉t❤✱ Indra✱ ✖
♠❛② ❤❡ ❜❡ ❞❡str♦②✐♥❣ r❡❛❝t✐✈❡ ✐♠♣✉❧s✐✈❡♥❡ss ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥✱
✸
❛ ❞❡❢❡♥❞❡r ♦❢ ♠❡♥✱
✇❤♦ s❤❛❧❧ ❧❡❛❞ ❢♦r✇❛r❞s ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ✐s r❡❝✐t✐♥❣ ❬❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥s❪✱
❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ✇✐t❤ ❬❤✐s❪ ❤❡❧♣ ❬✐s❪ ❡①❡rt✐♥❣ ❤✐♠s❡❧❢✱
❛♥❞ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ✐s r✐♣❡♥✐♥❣ ❬✐t❪ ❛♥❞ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ✐s ♣r❛✐s✐♥❣ ❬❤✐♠❪✳
✹✳ ❍✐♠ ✐♥❞❡❡❞ ■ ♣r❛✐s❡✱ Indra ■ ❡①t♦❧
✐♥ ✇❤♦♠ t❤❡② ✐♥ ♦❧❞ t✐♠❡s ❣r❡✇ str♦♥❣❡r ❛♥❞ ✇❡r❡ s✉♣❡r✐♦r✳
❍❡✱ ❝♦♠✐♥❣ t♦ ❝r❡❛t✐♥❣✲❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥s ❬♠❡♥❪✱
s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ ❜r♦✉❣❤t ♦✈❡r
t❤❡ ❧♦♥❣✐♥❣ ❢♦r ✇❡❛❧t❤ ♦❢ ♣r❡s❡♥t✲❞❛②✲❛❣✐t❛t❡❞ ♦♥❡✳
✺✳ ❍❡✱ s❛t✐s✜❡❞ ✇✐t❤ ♣❤r❛s❡s ♦❢ aṅgiras✲❡s✱
Indra✱ ❡♥❞❡❛✈♦r✐♥❣ t♦ ♦❜t❛✐♥ ❛♥ ✉♥✐♠♣❡❞❡❞ ✇❛②✱
♠❛❞❡ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥s ❡✣❝✐❡♥t✳
❖❜s❝✉r✐♥❣ ❞❛✇♥ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ s✉♥✱ t❤✉♥❞❡r✐♥❣✱
❤❡ s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ ♣✐❡r❝❡❞ ♣r❡✈✐♦✉s ❬❛❜♦❞❡s❪
♦❢ ❡✈❡♥ t❤❡ ✈♦r❛❝✐♦✉s ♦♥❡✳
✻✳ ❚❤❡♥ ❤❡✱ deva ❢❛♠❡❞ ❛s Indra ❜② ♥❛♠❡✱ r✐s✐♥❣✱
s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❢♦r ❛ ♠❛♥ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❧✐s❤✐♥❣ ♠♦st ✇♦♥❞❡r❢✉❧ ❞❡❡❞s✳
❍❡✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❡♥❞✉r❡❞ t❤❡ ❢❛✈♦✉r✐t❡ ❬✇❡❛♣♦♥❪
♦❢ s❡❡❦✐♥❣✲t♦✲❤❛r♠ ♦♥❡✱
s❤❛❧❧ ❜r✐♥❣ ❞♦✇♥ t❤❡ ❞❡♠♦♥✬s ❤❡❛❞✱ ❬❤❡✱❪ s❡❧❢✲❞❡t❡r♠✐♥✐♥❣ ♦♥❡✳

✶ aviddhi ✷✳✶✼✳✽❝
..
✷ sumatibhih ✷✳✶✻✳✽❝
.
✸ śiva
✹✷✹

sá vr.trahéndrah. kr..sn.áyonı̄h.

puram . daró dā´sı̄rairayadvı́ |
ájanayanmánave ks.ā´mapáśca
satrā´ śám . yájamānasya tūtot || 7 ||
. sam

tásmai tavasyàmánu dāyi satréndrāya

devébhirárn.asātau |
práti yádasya vájram . bāhvórdhúr
hatv´ı̄ dásyūnpúra ā´yası̄rnı́ tārı̄t || 8 ||

nūnám . sā´ te práti váram

. jaritré
duhı̄yádindra dáks.in.ā maghónı̄ |
śı́ks.ā stotŕ.bhyo mā´ti dhagbhágo no
br.hádvadema vidáthe suv´ı̄rāh. || 9 ||
 ✹✷✺

✼✳ ❍❡✱ s❧❛②❡r ♦❢ Vr.tra✱ Indra✱ ❬❤❡✱❪ ✇❤♦ ❜r❡❛❦s ♦♣❡♥ str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞s✱

❤❡ ❞❡✲❡♥❡r❣✐③❡❞ ✜❡♥❞✐s❤✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❞❛r❦ ✇♦♠❜s ♦♥❡s❀
❤❡ ❝❛✉s❡❞ t❤❡ ❡❛rt❤ ❛♥❞ ✇❛t❡rs t♦ ❡♠❡r❣❡ ❢♦r ❛♥ ✐♥t❡❧❧✐❣❡♥t ♠❛♥❀
❤❡ ❤❛s ❛❧✇❛②s ♠❛❞❡ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡✬s r❡❝✐t❛t✐♦♥ ❡✣❝✐❡♥t✳
✽✳ ❚♦ ❤✐♠ ✇❤❛t ✐s t♦ ❜❡ ❡♥❡r❣✐③❡❞ ✇❛s ❛❧✇❛②s ♦✛❡r❡❞
❞✉r✐♥❣ ❣❛✐♥✐♥❣ ✢♦♦❞✐♥❣ ✇❛t❡rs✱ t♦ Indra ✖ ❜② deva✲s❀
✇❤❡♥ t❤❡② ♣✉t ❤✐s t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t ✐♥t♦ ❬❤✐s❪ ❛r♠s✱
❤❡✱ str✐❦✐♥❣ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡s t♦ s✉✛❡r ✇❛♥t✱
s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ ❝r♦ss❡❞ ♦✈❡r ✐♥t♦ ✐r♦♥✭❄✮ str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞s✳
✖✖
✾✳ ◆♦✇✱ ♠❛② t❤②✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❜r✐♥❣✐♥❣ s❛t✐s❢❛❝t✐♦♥ ❧✐❜❡r❛❧✐t②
②✐❡❧❞ ❢♦r t❤❡ ✐♥✈♦❦❡r t♦ ❤✐s ❤❡❛rt✬s ❝♦♥t❡♥t ❬t❤❛t ❡♥❡r❣②❪✦
❊①❡rt t❤②s❡❧❢ ❢♦r ❤②♠♥ s✐♥❣❡rs✬ s❛❦❡✦
▼❛② ♥♦t ❬t❤✐s❪ ❢♦rt✉♥❡ ♣❛ss ✉s ❜②
s♦ ✇❡✱ ✈❡r② ♠❛♥❧②✱ ❝❛♥ ❛❞❞r❡ss ❛ ❦♥♦✇❧❡❞❣❡✲s❤❛r✐♥❣ s❡ss✐♦♥✦
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✷✳✷✶

Gr.tsamada | ✶✕✺ Jagatı̄✱ ✻ Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra

viśvajı́te dhanajı́te svarjı́te

satrājı́te nr.jı́ta urvarājı́te |
aśvajı́te gojı́te abjı́te bharéndrāya
sómam . yajatā´ya haryatám || 1 ||

abhibhúve ′bhibhaṅgā´ya vanvaté ′.sā..dhāya

sáhamānāya vedháse |
tuvigráye váhnaye dus..tárı̄tave
satrāsā´he náma ı́ndrāya vocata || 2 ||

satrāsāhó janabhaks.ó janam . saháś

cyávano yudhmó ánu jós.amuks.itáh. |
. cayáh. sáhurirviks.vā`ritá
vr.tam
ı́ndrasya vocam . prá kr.tā´ni vı̄ryā` || 3 ||

anānudó vr..sabhó dódhato vadhó

gambhı̄rá .r.svó ásamas..takāvyah. |
radhracodáh. śnáthano vı̄..ditáspr.thúr
ı́ndrah. suyajñá us.ásah. svàrjanat || 4 ||

yajñéna gātúmaptúro vividrire

dhı́yo hinvānā´ uśı́jo manı̄s.ı́n.ah. |
abhisvárā nis.ádā gā´ avasyáva
ı́ndre hinvānā´ drávin.ānyāśata || 5 ||

ı́ndra śrés..thāni drávin.āni dhehi

. dáks.asya subhagatvámasmé |
cı́ttim
pós.am. rayı̄n.ā´máris..tim
. tanū´nām
.
svādmā´nam . vācáh. sudinatvámáhnām || 6 ||
 ✹✷✼

✶✳ ❚♦ ✇✐♥♥✐♥❣ ❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣ ✖ t♦ ✇✐♥♥✐♥❣ ♣r✐③❡s✱ t♦ ✇✐♥♥✐♥❣ svàr✱

t♦ ✇✐♥♥✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❡✈❡r② ✇❛② ✖
t♦ ❝♦♥q✉❡r✐♥❣ ♠❡♥✱ t♦ ❛❝q✉✐r✐♥❣ ❢❡rt✐❧❡ s♦✐❧✱
t♦ ❛❝q✉✐r✐♥❣ ❤♦rs❡s✱ t♦ ❛❝q✉✐r✐♥❣ ❝♦✇s
❞♦ t❤♦✉ ❜r✐♥❣ ❞❡❧✐❣❤t❡❞✲✐♥ Soma ✖ t♦ ✇♦rt❤② ♦❢ ✇♦rs❤✐♣ Indra✳
✷✳ ❚♦ s✉r♣❛ss✐♥❣✱ t♦ ❜r❡❛❦✐♥❣ ✐♥t♦✱ t♦ ♣❧❛❝✐♥❣ ✇✐t❤✐♥ r❡❛❝❤✱
t♦ ✐♥✈✐♥❝✐❜❧❡✱ t♦ ♣r❡✈❛✐❧✐♥❣✱ t♦ ❛❞❡♣t✱
t♦ s✇❛❧❧♦✇✐♥❣ ♠✉❝❤✱ t♦ ♦♥❡ ✇❤♦ ❝♦♥✈❡②s✱
t♦ ❞✐✣❝✉❧t t♦ ❡♥❞✉r❡ ♦♥❡
t♦ ♣r❡✈❛✐❧✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❡✈❡r② ✇❛② ✖ ❬❜r✐♥❣❪ ❛❞♦r❛t✐♦♥❀
t♦ Indra ❞♦ ②❡ s♣❡❛❦✦
✸✳ Pr❡✈❛✐❧✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❡✈❡r② ✇❛②✱ ❞❡✈♦✉r✐♥❣ ❝r❡❛t✉r❡s✱
✈❛♥q✉✐s❤✐♥❣ ❝r❡❛t✉r❡s
r♦✉s✐♥❣ t♦ ❛❝t✐♦♥ ✜❣❤t❡r ❢✉❧❧② ❣r♦✇♥ ❛t ❤✐s ♦✇♥ ♣❧❡❛s✉r❡✱
❣❛t❤❡r✐♥❣ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ❛ tr♦♦♣ ♦❢ ❢♦❧❧♦✇❡rs✱ ✈✐❝t♦r✐♦✉s✱
❬❤❡ ✐s❪ t♦✇❡r✐♥❣ ❛♠♦♥❣ tr✐❜❡s✳
■ s❤❛❧❧ ♠❡♥t✐♦♥ Indra✬s ❞❡❡❞s ♦❢ ✈❛❧♦r✳
✹✳ ❖❜st✐♥❛t❡✱ r❡s❡♠❜❧✐♥❣ ❛ ❜✉❧❧✱
❛ ❞❡str✉❝t✐✈❡ ✇❡❛♣♦♥ ♦❢ ❛♥ ❛♥❣❡r❡❞ ♦♥❡✱
❞❡❡♣✱ ❤❡❧♣✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❞✐r❡ str❛✐❣❤ts ♦♥❡ ✇❤♦s❡ ♣♦❡t✐❝ ✐♥s♣✐r❛t✐♦♥
✐s ✉♥❛tt❛✐♥❛❜❧❡ ❬❜② ♠❡r❡ ♠♦rt❛❧s❪✱
❛ ✇❤✐♣ ♦❢ ♠❡❡❦✱ tr❛♥s✜①✐♥❣ ❬❛tt❡♥t✐♦♥❪✱ ♠❛❞❡ ✜r♠✱
❡①t❡♥s✐✈❡ Indra✱ ♠❛❦✐♥❣ ❛ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡ ❣♦♦❞✱
s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡❣❡t ❞❛✇♥✬s svàr✳
✺✳ ❚❤♦s❡ ❝r♦ss✐♥❣ t❤❡ ✇❛t❡rs ❤❛✈❡ ❢♦✉♥❞ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❛ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡
❛♥ ✉♥♦❜str✉❝t❡❞ ✇❛②❀
str✐✈✐♥❣ ❡❛r♥❡st❧② ❧❡❛r♥❡❞ ♦♥❡s ❬❛r❡❪ st✐♠✉❧❛t✐♥❣ ✈✐s✐♦♥s❀
❇② ❛♥ ✐♥✈♦❝❛t✐♦♥✱ ❜② ♠❛❦✐♥❣ ❝♦✇s t♦ s✐♥❦ ✐♥✱
✶
t❤❡②✱ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ ❛ ❢❛✈♦✉r✱ ✐♠♣❡❧❧✐♥❣ t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s ✐♥t♦ Indra✱
♦❜t❛✐♥❡❞ t❤❡ ❣♦♦❞s✳
✻✳ ❖ Indra✱ ✜① ❢♦r ✉s ♠♦st ❡①❝❡❧❧❡♥t ❣♦♦❞s ✖
❞❡✈♦t✐♦♥✱ ❣♦♦❞ ❢♦rt✉♥❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r ♦❢ ❞✐s❝❡r♥♠❡♥t✱
❛♥ ✐♥❝r❡❛s❡ ✐♥ tr❡❛s✉r❡s✱ s❡❝✉r✐t② ❢♦r ❬♦✉r❪ ❜♦❞✐❡s✱
s✇❡❡t♥❡ss ♦❢ s♣❡❡❝❤✱ ❝❧❛r✐t② ♦❢ ❞❛②s✳

✶ ❂❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✷✳✷✷

Gr.tsamada | ✶ As..ti✱ ✷✕✹ Atiśakvarı̄ | t♦ Indra

trı́kadrukes.u mahis.ó yávāśiram

. tuviśús.mas
tr.pátsómamapibadvı́s.n.unā sutám . yáthā´vaśat |
sá ı̄m
. mamāda máhi kárma kártave mahā´murúm .
sáınam . saścaddevó devám. satyámı́ndram . satyá ı́nduh. || 1 ||

ádha tvı́s.ı̄mām̃ . yudhā´bhavad

. abhyójasā krı́vim
ā´ ródası̄ apr.n.adasya majmánā prá vāvr.dhe |
ádhattānyám . jat.háre prémaricyata
sáınam . saścaddevó devám. satyámı́ndram. satyá ı́nduh. || 2 ||

sākám . jātáh. krátunā sākámójasā vavaks.itha

sākám ` . sāsahı́rmŕ.dho vı́cars.an.ih. |
. vr.ddhó vı̄ryaıh
dā´tā rā´dha stuvaté kā´myam . vásu
sáınam . saścaddevó devám . satyámı́ndram . satyá ı́nduh. || 3 ||

′
táva tyánnáryam . nr.tó pa indra
prathamám . pūrvyám. divı́ pravā´cyam. kr.tám |
yáddevásya śávasā prā´rin.ā ásum. . ánnapáh. |
rin
bhúvadvı́śvamabhyā´devamójasā
vidā´dū´rjam
. śatákraturvidā´dı́s.am || 4 ||
 ✹✷✾

✶✳ ❉✉r✐♥❣ ✏t❤r❡❡✲❤♦✇❧s✑ ❤❛✈✐♥❣✲♠✉❝❤✲❢❡r✈♦r ❜✉✛❛❧♦

❞r❛♥❦ ❬❛s ♠✉❝❤❪ ❛s ❤❡ ✇✐s❤❡❞✱ t♦ ❤✐s s❛t✐s❢❛❝t✐♦♥✱
❜❛r❧❡②✲♠✐①❡❞ Soma ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❜② Vis.n.u✳
❍❡ ❤❛s ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t❡❞ ❤✐♠ t♦ ♣❡r❢♦r♠ t❤❡ ❣r❡❛t ❞❡❡❞ ✖
♦❢ ❣r❡❛t ❞❡❡❞s t❤❡ ♦♥❡ t❤❛t ❣r❛♥ts s♣❛❝❡✳
❍❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❛ss✐st ❤✐♠ ✖ ❬t❤❛t❪ deva ❬s❤❛❧❧ ❛ss✐st❪ ❬t❤✐s❪ deva✱
t❤❡ r❡❛❧ Indu ❬s❤❛❧❧ ❛ss✐st❪ t❤❡ r❡❛❧ Indra✳
✷✳ ❚❤❡♥✱ ♣♦ss❡ss✐♥❣ ♦❢ ❡♥❡r❣✐❡s✱ t❤r♦✉❣❤♦✉t t❤❡ ✜❣❤t✐♥❣ ❤❡✱
✉s✐♥❣ ❢r❡♥③②✱ ♦✈❡r♣♦✇❡r❡❞ t❤❡ ✢❡s❤❀
✉♣ t♦ ❜♦t❤ Rodas✲❡s ❤❡ ✜❧❧❡❞ ❬t❤❡ ✐♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ s♣❛❝❡❪ ♦❢ t❤✐s ♦♥❡✱
♠❛❥❡st✐❝❛❧❧② ❤❡ ❡①t❡♥❞❡❞ ❤✐♠s❡❧❢✳
❚❤❡ ♦t❤❡r ♦♥❡ ❤❡ ♣✉t ✐♥t♦ t❤❡ ❜❡❧❧②✱
❤❡ ✇❛s ♠❛❞❡ t♦ ❡①❝❡❧❧ t❤✐s ♦♥❡✳
❍❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❛ss✐st ❤✐♠ ✖ ❬t❤❛t❪ ❞❡✈❛ ❬s❤❛❧❧ ❛ss✐st❪ ❬t❤✐s❪ ❞❡✈❛✱
t❤❡ r❡❛❧ Indu ❬s❤❛❧❧ ❛ss✐st❪ t❤❡ r❡❛❧ Indra✳
✸✳ ❆r✐s❡♥ s✐♠✉❧t❛♥❡♦✉s❧② ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ✉♥❞❡rst❛♥❞✐♥❣✱
❤❡ ❤❛s ❜❡❝♦♠❡ str♦♥❣❡r s✐♠✉❧t❛♥❡♦✉s❧② ✇✐t❤ ❢r❡♥③②❀
♠❛❞❡ ❢✉❧❧✲❣r♦✇♥ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ❛s♣❡❝ts ♦❢ ✈❛❧♦r✱
❬❤❡ ❜❡❝♦♠❡s❪ ❤❛✈✐♥❣✲✇❛②s✲t♦✲♣r❡✈❛✐❧✱ ❞✐s❡♥❣❛❣✐♥❣ ❝♦♥t❡♠♣t❀
❬t❤❡♥ ❝♦♠❡s❪ t❤❡ ❣✐✈✐♥❣ ♦❢ ❢❛✈♦✉r t♦ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ♣r❛✐s❡s ❬❤✐♠❪ ✖
t♦✲❜❡✲❞❡s✐r❡❞ tr❡❛s✉r❡✳
❍❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❛ss✐st ❤✐♠ ✖ ❬t❤❛t❪ ❞❡✈❛ ❬s❤❛❧❧ ❛ss✐st❪ ❬t❤✐s❪ ❞❡✈❛✱
t❤❡ r❡❛❧ Indu ❬s❤❛❧❧ ❛ss✐st❪ t❤❡ r❡❛❧ Indra✳
✹✳ ❚❤❛t t❤② ❬tr❡❛s✉r❡❪✱ ❛♥ ❛❣r❡❡❛❜❧❡ t♦ ♠❡♥ ❛❝t✐✈✐t②✱
❖ ❞❛♥❝❡r Indra✱
❢♦r❡♠♦st✱ ♣r✐♥❝✐♣❛❧✱ ❬✐s❪ t♦ ❜❡ ❡①♣❧❛✐♥❡❞
❛s ❛❝❝♦♠♣❧✐s❤❡❞ ✐♥ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ✖
t❤❛t t❤♦✉✱ r❡❧❡❛s✐♥❣ ✇❛t❡rs✱ r❡❧❡❛s❡❞ t❤❡ ❧✐❢❡✲❢♦r❝❡
❜② deva✬s ✐♠♣✉❧s❡ t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✳
❇② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ t❤❡ ❢r❡♥③② ❤❡ s❤❛❧❧ ♦✈❡r❝♦♠❡ ❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣ ♣r♦❢❛♥❡
✶
❬❢♦r❪ ❤❡ s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ ❢♦✉♥❞ t❤❡ s❛♣✱ ❤❡✱ ♦❢ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ✇✐❧❡s✱
s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ ❢♦✉♥❞ ❛ ❧✐❜❛t✐♦♥ ❬♦❢ Soma❪✳

✶ ❧✐t✳ ✏♥♦t✲❞✐✈✐♥❡✑
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✷✳✸✵

Gr.tsamada | ✶✕✶✵ Tris..tubh✱ ✶✶ Jagatı̄ | t♦ Indra ❛♥❞ ♦t❤❡r deva✲s

.rtám. devā´ya kr.n.vaté savitrá

ı́ndrāyāhighné ná ramanta ā´pah. |
áharaharyātyaktúrapā´m .
kı́yātyā´ prathamáh. sárga āsām || 1 ||

yó vr.trā´ya sı́namátrā´bharis.yat

prá tám. jánitrı̄ vidús.a uvāca |
pathó rádantı̄ránu jós.amasmai
divédive dhúnayo yantyártham || 2 ||

ūrdhvó hyásthādádhyantáriks.é ′dhā

vr.trā´ya prá vadhám. jabhāra |
mı́ham . vásāna úpa h´ı̄mádudrot
tigmā´yudho ajayachátrumı́ndrah. || 3 ||

bŕ.haspate tápus.ā´śneva vidhya

vŕ.kadvaraso ásurasya vı̄rā´n |
yáthā jaghántha dhr..satā´ purā´
cidevā´ jahi śátrumasmā´kamindra || 4 ||

áva ks.ipa divó áśmānamuccā´

. mandasānó nijū´rvāh. |
yéna śátrum
´ tánayasya bhū´rer
tokásya sātau
asmā´m̃
. ardhám. kr.n.utādindra gónām || 5 ||

prá hı́ krátum

. vr.hátho yám
. vanuthó
radhrásya stho yájamānasya codau ´ |
ı́ndrāsomā yuvámasmā´m̃. avis..tam
asmı́nbhayásthe kr.n.utamu lokám || 6 ||

ná mā tamanná śramannótá tandran

ná vocāma mā´ sunotéti sómam |
yó me pr.n.ā´dyó dádadyó nibódhād
yó mā sunvántamúpa góbhirā´yat || 7 ||
 ✹✸✶

✶✳ ❋♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ ❝♦❤❡r❡♥❝❡✲❝r❡❛t✐♥❣ deva ✖ ❢♦r Savitr.✱

❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ s❧❛②✐♥❣ t❤❡ s♥❛❦❡ Indra✱ ✇❛t❡rs ❞♦ ♥♦t st❛② st✐❧❧✳
❉❛② ❛❢t❡r ❞❛② t❤❡ ❞❛r❦ t✐♥❣❡
✶ ♦❢ ✇❛t❡rs ❝♦♠❡s✳
❍♦✇ ❧♦♥❣ ❛❣♦ ❬✇❛s❪ t❤❡ ✐♥✐t✐❛❧ ❣✉s❤ ♦❢ t❤❡s❡ ❬✇❛t❡rs❪❄
✷✳ ❲❤♦ ✐♥ t❤✐s ♠❛tt❡r ✇✐❧❧ ❜r✐♥❣ r❡✇❛r❞s ❢♦r Vr.tra ❬t♦ ❜❡ s❧❛✐♥❪
❤✐♠ t❤❡ ❣❡♥✐tr✐①
✷ r❡✈❡❛❧s t♦ ❛ ❧❡❛r♥❡❞ ♦♥❡✱
s❝r❛♣✐♥❣ ❤✐♠ ♦✛ t❤❡ ♣❛t❤ ❬♦❢ t❤❡ ✇❛t❡rs❪ ❢♦r s✉❝❤ ♦♥❡
❛s ♠✉❝❤ ❛s s❤❡ ♣❧❡❛s❡s❀
❡✈❡r② ❞❛② t✉♠✉❧t✉♦✉s ♦♥❡s t❛❦❡ ✉♣ t❤❡✐r ❝❛✉s❡✳
✸✳ ❙✐♥❝❡ ❤❡ ❬✇❤♦♠ t❤❡ ❣❡♥✐tr✐① r❡✈❡❛❧❡❞❪ ❤❛s r❡♠❛✐♥❡❞ ❡❧❡✈❛t❡❞✱
❛t t❤❡ ✐♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ s♣❛❝❡✱
t❤❡r❡❢♦r❡ ❤❡ ❤❛s ❜r♦✉❣❤t ❢♦rt❤ ❛ ❢r✉str❛t✐♦♥ t♦ Vr.tra✳
Indra✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❤❡ s❤❛r♣ ✇❡❛♣♦♥✱ ❞❡❢❡❛t❡❞ t❤❡ ❡♥❡♠②
s✐♥❝❡ ❤❡✱ ✇❡❛r✐♥❣ ❢♦❣✱ r✉s❤❡❞ ❛t ❤✐♠✳
✹✳ ❖ Br.haspati✱ ♣✐❡r❝❡ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ❤❡❛t ❛s ✐❢ ✇✐t❤ ❛ st♦♥❡
ásura✬s ❤❡r♦❡s t❤❛t ♦❜str✉❝t t❤❡ ✇♦❧❢ ✦
■♥ t❤❡ s❛♠❡ ✇❛② t❤♦✉ s❧❛②❡❞ ❬❤✐♠❪ ❜❡❢♦r❡ ✖ ❝♦✉r❛❣❡♦✉s❧②✱
❥✉st s♦ s❧❛② ♦✉r ❡♥❡♠②✱ ❖ Indra✳
✺✳ ❋r♦♠ ♦♥ ❤✐❣❤✱ t❤r♦✇ ❞♦✇♥ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ❬s✉❝❤❪ st♦♥❡
✇✐t❤ ✇❤✐❝❤ t❤♦✉✱ ❡①❛❧t✐♥❣✱ ✇✐❧❧ ❝♦♥s✉♠❡ t❤❡ ❡♥❡♠② ✇✐t❤ ✜r❡✳
❉✉r✐♥❣ ♦❜t❛✐♥✐♥❣ ♠❛♥② ❝❤✐❧❞r❡♥ ♣r♦♣❛❣❛t✐♥❣ ❬♦✉r❪ ❢❛♠✐❧②
❣✐✈❡ ✉s ❛♥ ❡q✉❛❧ s❤❛r❡ ♦❢ ❝♦✇s✱ ❖ Indra✦
✻✳ ❙✐♥❝❡ ②♦✉ t✇♦ t❡❛r ✉♣ ❬❛♥②❪ ❞❡s✐❣♥
✇❤✐❝❤ ②♦✉ ♣❧❛❝❡ ✇✐t❤✐♥ ②♦✉r r❡❛❝❤✱
②♦✉ ❛r❡ ✇❤✐♣s t♦ ❛ ♠❡❡❦ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡r❀
❖ Indra✕Soma✱ ✇♦✉❧❞ ②♦✉ ❤❡❧♣ ✉s✦
❬❋♦r ✉s✱❪ r❡♠❛✐♥✐♥❣ ✐♥ t❤✐s st❛t❡ ♦❢ ❢❡❛r✱
❝r❡❛t❡ ❛ ✇✐❞❡ ❬♠❡♥t❛❧❪ s♣❛❝❡✳
✼✳ ■t s❤♦✉❧❞ ♥♦t ❤❛✈❡ ♠❛❞❡ ♠❡ ❣❛s♣ ❢♦r ❛✐r✱
♥♦r ♠❛❞❡ ❬♠❡❪ t✐r❡❞✱ ❛♥❞ ✐t s❤❛❧❧ ♥♦t ♠❛❦❡ ❬♠❡❪ ❧❛♥❣✉✐❞✳
✭❲❡ s❤❛❧❧ ♥♦t s❛②✱ ✏❨❡ s❤❛❧❧ ♥♦t ❡①tr❛❝t Soma ✐♥ t❤✐s ♠❛♥♥❡r✦✑✮
❬Soma❪ ✇❤✐❝❤ s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡st♦✇ ♦♥ ♠❡✱ ✇❤✐❝❤ s❤❛❧❧ ❣✐✈❡ ❬♠❡❪✱
✇❤✐❝❤ s❤❛❧❧ ❧✐st❡♥ ❬t♦ ♠❡❪
✇❤✐❝❤ ❬t❤✉s ♠❛❞❡❪ ♠❡ ❡①tr❛❝t✐♥❣ ❬❤✐♠❪ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ❝♦✇s ✖
❤❡ ❝❛♠❡ ❛❣❛✐♥✳
✖✖

✶ ✈✐s✐♦♥s str♦♥❣ ❡♥♦✉❣❤ t♦ ❜❧♦❝❦ ♦✉t ♣❤②s✐❝❛❧ s✐❣❤t✱ ❡✈❡♥ t❤♦✉❣❤ t❤❡ ❡②❡s ❛r❡
♦♣❡♥ ❬❙❦❛❧❧❛❣r✐♠ss♦♥✱ ✷✵✶✹✱ ♣✳✸✶❪
✷ ❂✏✜①❡❞ ♦r❞❡r✑ ✷✳✶✸✳✶❛
✹✸✷

sárasvati tvámasmā´m̃ . avid.d.hi

marútvatı̄ dhr..sat´ı̄ jes.i śátrūn |
tyám
. cichárdhantam . tavis.ı̄yámān.am
ı́ndro hanti vr..sabhám . śán.d.ikānām || 8 ||

yó nah. sánutya utá vā jighatnúr

abhikhyā´ya tám. tigiténa vidhya |
bŕ.haspata ā´yudhairjes.i śátrūn
druhé r´ı̄.santam
. pári dhehi rājan || 9 ||

asmā´kebhih. sátvabhih. śūra

śū´rairvı̄ryā` kr.dhi yā´ni te kártvāni |
jyógabhūvannánudhūpitāso
hatv´ı̄ tés.āmā´ bharā no vásūni || 10 ||

tám
. vah. śárdham . mā´rutam. sumnayúr
girópa bruve námasā dáıvyam . jánam |
yáthā rayı́m
. sárvavı̄ram
. náśāmahā
apatyasā´cam . śrútyam. divédive || 11 ||
 ✹✸✸

✽✳ ❚❤♦✉✱ ❖ Sarasvatı̄✱ ❢❛✈♦✉r ✉s✦

❆❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② Marut✲s✱ ❞❛r✐♥❣✱ t❤♦✉ ❞❡❢❡❛t ❡♥❡♠✐❡s✳
❏✉st t❤❛t ♦♥❡ ❬✇❤♦ ✐s❪ ❞❡❢②✐♥❣ ❬✉s❪✱ ✇✐❡❧❞✐♥❣ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝♦♥tr♦❧✱
Indra s❧❛②s✱ ❬❤✐♠✱❪ ✇❤♦ r❡s❡♠❜❧❡s ❛ ❜✉❧❧ ✖ ♦♥❡ ♦❢ Śandika✲s✳
✾✳ ❲❤♦ ❬✐s❪ ❡♥❞❡❛✈♦r✐♥❣ t♦ ❛♠❜✉s❤ ✉s ♦r ❡❧s❡ t♦ ❤✉rt ❬✉s❪. . ✖
♣❡r❝❡✐✈✐♥❣ ❤✐♠✱ ♣✐❡r❝✐♥❣ ❤✐♠ ✇✐t❤ ❛ s❤❛r♣❡♥❡❞ ❬✇❡❛♣♦♥❪✱
❖ Br.haspati✱ ✉s✐♥❣ ❬s✉❝❤❪ ✇❡❛♣♦♥s✱ ❞❡❢❡❛t ❡♥❡♠✐❡s✦
❙✉rr♦✉♥❞ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ✐s ❤✉rt✐♥❣ ❬✉s❪ t♦ ❬s✉✛❡r❪ ❤❛r♠✱ ❖ ❦✐♥❣✦
✶✵✳ ❲✐t❤ ♦✉r ✇❛rr✐♦rs✱ ❖ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱ ✇✐t❤ ❛❣❡♥ts ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱
❛❝❝♦♠♣❧✐s❤ ❞❡❡❞s ♦❢ ✈❛❧♦r ✇❤✐❝❤ ❬❛r❡❪ t❤② t♦ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❧✐s❤✦
❚❤❡② ❜❡❝❛♠❡ ❢♦r ❛ ✇❤✐❧❡ ✉♥❞❡r ✐♥✢✉❡♥❝❡ ♦❢ s♠♦❦❡ ✖
❤❛✈✐♥❣ s❧❛✐♥ ❬t❤❡♠❪✱ ❜r✐♥❣ ❤❡r❡ ❢♦r ✉s t❤❡✐r r✐❝❤❡s✳
✖✖
✶✶✳ ❚❤✐s ②♦✉r ❞❡✜❛♥t✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ Marut✲s✬ tr❛✐t tr♦♦♣ ✖
■✱ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ ❬②♦✉r❪ ❜❡♥❡✈♦❧❡♥❝❡✱
❛❞❞r❡ss ✇✐t❤ ✇✐t❤ ❛ ❝❤❛♥t✱ ✇✐t❤ r❡✈❡r❡♥❝❡✱ t❤❡ ❝❡❧❡st✐❛❧ r❛❝❡✱
s♦ t❤❛t ✇❡ ✇✐❧❧ ❛tt❛✐♥ ❛❧❧✲❤❡r♦✐❝ tr❡❛s✉r❡
❛ss♦❝✐❛t❡❞ ✇✐t❤ ♦✛s♣r✐♥❣s✱ t♦ ❜❡ ❤❡❛r❞ ♦❢ ❡✈❡r② ❞❛②✦
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✸✳✶✷

Viśvāmitra | Gāyatrı̄ | t♦ Indra ❛♥❞ Agni

ı́ndrāgnı̄ ā´ gatam

. sutám . gı̄rbhı́rnábho váren.yam |
asyá pātam . dhiyés
. it ´
ā || 1 ||

ı́ndrāgnı̄ jaritúh. sácā yajñó jigāti cétanah. |

ayā´ pātamimám . sutám || 2 ||

ı́ndramagnı́m . kavichádā yajñásya jūtyā´ vr.n.e |

tā´ sómasyehá tr.mpatām || 3 ||

tośā´ vr.trahán.ā huve sajı́tvānā´parājitā |

indrāgn´ı̄ vājasā´tamā || 4 ||

prá vāmarcantyukthı́no nı̄thāvı́do jaritā´rah. |

ı́ndrāgnı̄ ı́s.a ā´ vr.n.e || 5 ||

. púro dāsápatnı̄radhūnutam |
ı́ndrāgnı̄ navatı́m
sākámékena kárman.ā || 6 ||

ı́ndrāgnı̄ ápasaspáryúpa prá yanti dhı̄táyah. |

.rtásya pathyā` ánu || 7 ||

ı́ndrāgnı̄ tavis.ā´n.i vām . si ca |

. sadhásthāni práyām
yuvóraptū´ryam . hitám || 8 ||

ı́ndrāgnı̄ rocanā´ diváh. pári vā´jes.u bhūs.athah. |

. ceti prá vı̄ryàm || 9 ||
tádvām
 ✹✸✺

✶✳ ❖ Indra✕Agni✱ ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤
❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ✇✐t❤ ❝❤❛♥ts t♦ ❜❡ ♣r❡❢❡rr❡❞ ❬t♦ ❛❧❧ ♦t❤❡rs❪ ✈❛♣♦r✦
❉r✐✈❡♥ ❜② ❛ ✈✐s✐♦♥✱ ❞r❛✇ ✐t ✐♥✦
✷✳ ❖ Indra✕Agni✱ ✐♥ t❤❡ ♣r❡s❡♥❝❡ ♦❢ ❬②♦✉r❪ ✐♥✈♦❦❡r✱
❬❤❡r❡❪ ❝♦♠❡s ❛ ♥♦t❛❜❧❡ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡✳
❚❤✐s ✇❛② ❞r❛✇ ✐♥ t❤❡ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❬Soma❪✦
✸✳ ❇② t❤❡ ❜❡♥t ♦❢ t❤❡ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡
■ ❝❤♦♦s❡ Indra✱ Agni✱ ✇❤♦ s❡❡♠ t♦ ❜❡ ❣✐❢t❡❞ ✇✐t❤ ✐♥s✐❣❤t
❚❤❡② t✇♦ s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡ ❤❡r❡ ♣❧❡❛s❡❞ ✇✐t❤ Soma✳
✹✳ ■ ❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥ t❤❡ t✇♦ ❛♠❛ss✐♥❣ ♦♥❡s✱ s❧❛②✐♥❣ Vr.tra✱
✈✐❝t♦r✐♦✉s✱ ✉♥❝♦♥q✉❡r❡❞ ♦♥❡s✱
❜❡st ❛t ♦❜t❛✐♥✐♥❣ t❤❡ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r ♦♥❡s ✖ Indra✕Agni✳
✺✳ ❚❤❡②✱ ✉tt❡r✐♥❣ ✈❡rs❡s✱ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t❡ ②♦✉ t✇♦ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ s♣❡❡❝❤✱
❬t❤❡②✱❪ ❦♥♦✇✐♥❣✲t❤❡✲❛rt ✐♥✈♦❦❡rs❀
❖ Indra✕Agni✱ ■ ♣r❡❢❡r ❧✐❜❛t✐♦♥s✳
✖✖
✻✳ ❖ Indra✕Agni✱ ②♦✉ t✇♦ s❤♦♦❦ ♦✛
♠✐str❡ss❡s ✶ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❞❡♠♦♥ ❢r♦♠ ♥✐♥❡t② str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞s
s✐♠✉❧t❛♥❡♦✉s❧②✱ ✇✐t❤ ❛ s✐♥❣❧❡ ❛❝t✐♦♥✳
✼✳ ❖ Indra ❛♥❞ Agni✱ ❢r♦♠ ❬t❤✐s❪ s❛❝r✐✜❝✐❛❧ ❛❝t✱
✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥s ❛♥❞ t❤❡✐r ❡✛❡❝ts s❡t ❛❜♦✉t
❛❧♦♥❣ ♣❛t❤✇❛②s ♦❢ .rta✳
✽✳ ❖ Indra✕Agni✱ ②♦✉r ♣❧❛❝❡s ♦❢ ♠❡❡t✐♥❣
❛♥❞ ❞❡❧✐❣❤t❢✉❧ ❡✛❡❝ts ❛r❡ ✐♥✲❝♦♥tr♦❧✳
❨♦✉r ❝r♦ss✐♥❣ ♦✈❡r ✇❛t❡rs ✐s s❡t ✉♣✳
✾✳ ❖ Indra✕Agni✱ ✐♥ ❜❛tt❧❡s
②♦✉ s✉r♣❛ss ✐♥ ❬♦t❤❡rs❪ ✐♥ ❍❡❛✈❡♥✬s ❧✉♠✐♥♦❝✐t②❀
t❤❛t ②♦✉r ❞❡❡❞ ♦❢ ✈❛❧♦r ✇❛s ♠❛❞❡ ❦♥♦✇♥✳

✶ ❂✐♥♥❡r ✇❛t❡rs
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✸✳✸✵

Viśvāmitra | Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra

ichánti tvā somyā´sah. sákhāyah.

sunvánti sómam . dádhati práyām . si |
tı́tiks.ante abhı́śastim. jánānām
ı́ndra tvádā´ káścaná hı́ praketáh. || 1 ||

ná te dūré paramā´ cidrájām . syā´ tú

prá yāhi harivo háribhyām |
sthirā´ya vŕ..sn.e sávanā kr.témā´
yuktā´ grā´vān.ah. samidhāné agnau ´ || 2 ||

ı́ndrah. suśı́pro maghávā tárutro

mahā´vrātastuvikūrmı́rŕ.ghāvān |
yádugró dhā´ bādhitó mártyes.u
kvà tyā´ te vr..sabha vı̄ryā`n.i || 3 ||

tvám. hı́ .smā cyāváyannácyutānyéko

vr.trā´ cárasi jı́ghnamānah. |
táva dyā´vāpr.thiv´ı̄ párvatāsó ′nu
vratā´ya nı́miteva tasthuh. || 4 ||

utā´bhaye puruhūta śrávobhir

éko dr...dhámavado vr.trahā´ sán |
imé cidindra ródası̄ apāré
yátsam. gr.bhn.ā´ maghavankāśı́rı́tte || 5 ||

prá sū´ ta indra pravátā háribhyām .

prá te vájrah. pramr.n.ánnetu śátrūn |
jahı́ pratı̄có anūcáh. párāco
vı́śvam
. satyám . kr.n.uhi vis..támastu || 6 ||

yásmai dhā´yurádadhā mártyāyā´bhaktam

.
cidbhajate gehyàm . sah. |
bhadrā´ ta indra sumatı́rghr.tā´cı̄
sahásradānā puruhūta rātı́h. || 7 ||
 ✹✸✼

✶✳ ❈♦♠r❛❞❡s ✐♥ Soma s❡❡❦ t❤❡❡✱

t❤❡② ❡①tr❛❝t Soma✱ ❡✛❡❝t ❞❡❧✐❣❤ts❀
t❤❡② ✇✐s❤ t♦ s✉✛❡r ✇✐t❤ ❝♦✉r❛❣❡ ♣❡♦♣❧❡✬s ❝✉rs❡
s✐♥❝❡ t❤❡r❡ ✐s ♥♦ ♣♦rt❡♥t ❢r♦♠ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Indra✦
✷✳ ◆♦t ❢❛r ❛✇❛② ❢♦r t❤❡❡ ❬❛r❡❪ ❡✈❡♥ r❡♠♦t❡st r❡❣✐♦♥s✱
❈♦♠❡ ❤❡r❡✱ ■ ❜❡❣✱ ♦♥ t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s✱
❖ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞✲❜②✲t❛✇♥②✲♦♥❡s ♦♥❡✦
❋♦r t❤❡ r❡s♦❧✉t❡ ❜✉❧❧
t❤❡s❡ ♣r❡ss✐♥❣s ❬♦❢ Soma ❥✉✐❝❡❪ ❬✇❡r❡❪ ♠❛❞❡✱
❬❛♥❞❪ s❡t t♦ ✇♦r❦ ♣r❡ss✐♥❣✲st♦♥❡s ❬❛r❡❪ ❜② t❤❡ ✢❛♠✐♥❣ ✜r❡✳
✸✳ Indra ❬✐s❪ s❡❧❡❝t✐✈❡✱ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s✱ ❝❛rr②✐♥❣ ❛❝r♦ss✱
❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❣r❡❛t tr♦♦♣ ❬♦❢ ✇❛rr✐♦rs❪✱
s❤✐❡❧❞✐♥❣ str♦♥❣❧②✱ r❛✈✐♥❣✳
❲❤❛t t❤♦✉✱ ✜❡r❝❡✱ ❜❡✐♥❣ ❤❛r❛ss❡❞✱ ✐♥✢✐❝t❡❞ ✉♣♦♥ ♠♦rt❛❧s✦
❲❤❡r❡ ❛r❡ t❤♦s❡ t❤② ❞❡❡❞s ♦❢ ✈❛❧♦r✱ ❖ ❛♣♣❡❛r✐♥❣ ❛s ❛ ❜✉❧❧❄
✹✳ ❙✐♥❝❡ t❤♦✉✱ ♠❛❦✐♥❣ ✇❤❛t ✐s ✉♥s❤❛❦❛❜❧❡ s❤❛❦②✱
❛❧♦♥❡ s♣r❡❛❞ t♦✇❛r❞s t❤❡ ♦❜st❛❝❧❡s s♠❛s❤✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡♠❪✱
t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤✱ ❬❛♥❞❪ t❤❡r❡✉♣♦♥ ❦♥♦tt② ♦♥❡s✱
❛❜✐❞❡ ❜② t❤② s✇❛② ❛s ✐❢ ✜①❡❞✳
✺✳ ❋❡❛r❧❡ss❧②✱ ❖ ♠✉❝❤ ✐♥✈♦❦❡❞ ✇✐t❤ ❛♥ ❛✉❞✐t♦r② ✐♠♣r❡ss✐♦♥s ♦♥❡✱
❛❧♦♥❡✱ t❤♦✉ s♣♦❦❡ ✜r♠❧②✱ ❜❡✐♥❣ ❛ s❧❛②❡r ♦❢ Vr.tra✳
❊✈❡♥ t❤❡s❡ t✇♦ ♥♦♥✲❡①tr❡♠❡ ❬✐♥ t❤❡✐r ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❛t✐♦♥s❪ Rodas✲❡s✱
❖ Indra✱
✇❤❡♥ t❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ ❣r❛s♣ t❤❡♠✱ ❖ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡✱ ❬❛r❡❪ ❢♦r t❤❡❡
❥✉st ❛ ✇❛② t♦ ❛♣♣❡❛r✳
✻✳ ❬❙❡t❪ ❢♦rt❤ q✉✐❝❦❧② ✇✐t❤ t❤② t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s ❛❧♦♥❣ t❤❡ s❧♦♣❡✱
♠❛② t❤② t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t ❝♦♠❡ ❝r✉s❤✐♥❣ ❡♥❡♠✐❡s✱
str✐❦❡ t❤♦s❡ ❢❛❝✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡❡❪✱ t❤♦s❡ ❜❡❤✐♥❞ ❬t❤❡♠❪✱
t❤♦s❡ ❬✇❤♦ ❛r❡❪ ❡✈❡♥ ❢✉rt❤❡r✦
▼❛❦❡ ✐t ❛❧❧ r❡❛❧✦ ▼❛② t❤✐s ❬st❛t❡❪ ❜❡ ❡♥t❡r❡❞ ✐♥t♦✦
✼✳ ❚♦ ✇❤✐❝❤ ♠♦rt❛❧ t❤♦✉✱ ❜❡st♦✇✐♥❣ ♦✛s♣r✐♥❣s✱ ❜❡st♦✇❡❞ ❬t❤❡♠❪✱
❤❡ ❡♥❥♦②s ❡✈❡♥ ♥♦♥✲❛♣♣♦rt✐♦♥❡❞ ❞♦♠❡st✐❝ ❣♦♦❞s✳
❆✉s♣✐❝✐♦✉s ❬✐s❪ t❤②✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❜❡♥❡✈♦❧❡♥❝❡✱ ❛❜♦✉♥❞✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❣❤❡❡❀
❬t❤②❪ ❣✐❢t✱ ❖ ♠✉❝❤ ✐♥✈♦❦❡❞ ♦♥❡✱ ❬✐s❪ ❛❞❞✐♥❣ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞ ❬♠♦r❡❪✳
✹✸✽

sahádānum . puruhūta ks.iyántam

ahastámindra sám . pin.akkún.ārum |
abhı́ vr.trám. várdhamānam . pı́yārum
apā´damindra tavásā jaghantha || 8 ||

nı́ sāmanā´mis.irā´mindra bhū´mim .

mah´ı̄mapārā´m. sádane sasattha |
ástabhnāddyā´m . vr..sabhó antáriks.am
árs.antvā´pastváyehá prásūtāh. || 9 ||

alātr.n.ó valá indra vrajó góh.

purā´ hántorbháyamāno vyā`ra |
sugā´npathó akr.n.onniráje gā´h.
prā´vanvā´n.ı̄h. puruhūtám
. dhámantı̄h. || 10 ||

éko dvé vásumatı̄ samı̄c´ı̄

ı́ndra ā´ paprau pr.thiv´ı̄mutá dyā´m |
utā´ntáriks.ādabhı́ nah. samı̄ká
is.ó rath´ı̄h. sayújah. śūra vā´jān || 11 ||

dı́śah. sū´ryo ná mināti prádis..tā

divédive háryaśvaprasūtāh. |
sám. yádā´na..dádhvana ā´dı́dáśvair
vimócanam . kr.n.ute táttvasya || 12 ||

dı́dr.ks.anta us.áso yā´mannaktór

vivásvatyā máhi citrámánı̄kam |
vı́śve jānanti mahinā´ yádā´gād
ı́ndrasya kárma súkr.tā purū´n.i || 13 ||

máhi jyótirnı́hitam . vaks.án.āsvāmā´

pakvám . carati bı́bhratı̄ ´. |
gauh
vı́śvam
. sv ´
ā dma sámbhr . tamusrı́yāyām
.
yátsı̄mı́ndro ádadhādbhójanāya || 14 ||
 ✹✸✾

✽✳ ❍✐♠✱ r❡s✐❞✐♥❣ ✇✐t❤ ❛ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡✱ ❖ ♠✉❝❤ ✐♥✈♦❦❡❞✱

❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ✐s ✇✐t❤♦✉t ❤❛♥❞s ❤❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❝r✉s❤✱ ❖ Indra✦✳
❖✈❡r❜❡❛r✐♥❣✱ ❜❡❝♦♠✐♥❣ str♦♥❣❡r✱ ❢♦♦t❧❡ss Vr.tra✱
❖ Indra✱ t❤♦✉ s❧❛②❡❞ ✉s✐♥❣ ❬❣✐✈❡♥ t♦ t❤❡❡❪ ♣♦✇❡r✳
✾✳ ❚❤♦✉ s❡tt❧❡❞ ❞♦✇♥✱ ❖ Indra✱
♦♥ r✐❝❤ ✐♥st✐❣❛t✐♥❣ ♣♦t❡♥t ❜♦✉♥❞❧❡ss s♦✐❧❀
❍❡ ✇❤♦ r❡s❡♠❜❧❡s ❛ ❜✉❧❧ s✉♣♣♦rt❡❞ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥
❬❛♥❞❪ t❤❡ ✐♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ s♣❛❝❡ ✖
❧❡t s❡t ✐♥ ♠♦t✐♦♥ ❜② t❤❡❡ ✇❛t❡rs ✢♦✇ q✉✐❝❦❧②✦
✶✵✳ ❖ Indra✱ ❛ ♠✐s❡r❧② ❝❛✈❡r♥✱ t❤❡ ❡♥❝❧♦s✉r❡ ♦❢ ❝♦✇s✱
✇❡♥t ❛s✉♥❞❡r✱ ❜❡✐♥❣ ❛❢r❛✐❞✱ ❜❡❢♦r❡ ❬t❤②❪ str✐❦❡✳
❚♦ ❞r✐✈❡ ♦✉t t❤❡ ❝♦✇s✱ ❤❡ ♠❛❞❡ ♣❛t❤✇❛②s ❡❛s② t♦ tr❛✈❡rs❡❀
t❤❡ ❜r❡❛t❤✐♥❣✲♦✉t s♦✉♥❞s ♣r♦♠♦t❡❞ t❤❡ ♠✉❝❤ ✐♥✈♦❦❡❞ ♦♥❡✳
✶✶✳ ❆❧♦♥❡✱ Indra ❤❛s ✜❧❧❡❞ t✇♦ ✇❤♦❧❡ r❡❣✐♦♥s ✖
t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤ ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥✱
❛♥❞ ❞✉r✐♥❣ ❛ ❝❧♦s❡ ❝♦♠❜❛t ❬❤❡✱❪
♣♦ss❡ss✐♥❣ s❛♣ ❛♥❞ str❡♥❣t❤ ❝❤❛r✐♦t❡❡r✱
❬❜r✐♥❣s❪ t♦ ✉s✱ t♦ ❬❤✐s❪ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s✱ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ✐♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ s♣❛❝❡✱
❖ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱ r✉s❤❡s ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✳
✶✷✳ ❚❤❡ s✉♥ ❞♦❡s ♥♦t ✈✐♦❧❛t❡ ♣r❡❞❡✜♥❡❞ ❞✐r❡❝t✐♦♥s
❡✈❡r② ❞❛② ♣r♦❞✉❝❡❞ ❜② ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ♣♦ss❡ss❡s t❛✇♥② ❤♦rs❡s❀
✇❤❡♥ ♦♥❡ ❤❛s ❢♦✉♥❞ ♣❛t❤✇❛②s✱ ♦♥❧② ❛❢t❡r t❤❛t
♦♥❡ ♣❡r❢♦r♠s ✉♥②♦❦✐♥❣ ♦❢ ❤♦rs❡s✱ t❤❡♥ t❤❛t ♦❢ ❤✐♠✳
✶
✶✸✳ ❉✉r✐♥❣ ❝♦♠✐♥❣ ♦❢ ❞❛✇♥ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ❞❛r❦♥❡ss ♦❢ t❤❡ ♥✐❣❤t
t❤❡② ❞❡s✐r❡ t♦ s❡❡
❡①t❡♥s✐✈❡✱ ❝❛♣t✉r✐♥❣ ❛tt❡♥t✐♦♥ ❛♣♣❡❛r❛♥❝❡ ♦❢ ❤❡r
✇❤♦ ✐s ❞✐✛✉s✐♥❣ ❧✐❣❤t❀
❛❧❧ ❦♥♦✇ ♣❡r ❢♦r❝❡ ✇❤❡♥ s❤❡ ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤❡❞❀
Indra✬s r✐t❡ ✐s ♠❛♥② ✇❡❧❧✲♣❡r❢♦r♠❡❞ ❬❛❝t✐♦♥s❪✳
✶✹✳ ❊①t❡♥s✐✈❡ ❧✐❣❤t ✐s ❞❡♣♦s✐t❡❞ ✐♥t♦ ✉❞❞❡rs ❬♦❢ ❛ ❝♦✇❪❀
❝r✉❞❡ ❝♦✇ ✇❛♥❞❡rs ❜❡❛r✐♥❣ r✐♣❡ ❬❢♦r ♣♦❡tr② ✈✐t❛❧ s♣✐r✐t ❪✳
✷ ✸
❊✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣ s✇❡❡t t❤❛t Indra ✐♠♣❛rt❡❞
t♦ t❤❡ s♦✉r❝❡ ♦❢ ♣❧❡❛s✉r❡ ❬✐s❪
❝♦♥❝❡♥tr❛t❡❞ ✐♥ ❛♣♣❡❛r✐♥❣ ❛t ❞❛✇♥ ❬r✐✈❡r❪✳

✶ t❤❛t ✐s✱ ✏✉♥②♦❦✐♥❣✑

✷ ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥
✸ payas
✹✹✵

ı́ndra dŕ.hya yāmakośā´ abhūvan

yajñā´ya śiks.a gr.n.até sákhibhyah. |
durmāyávo durévā mártyāso
nis.aṅgı́n.o ripávo hántvāsah. || 15 ||

′
sám. ghós.ah. śr.n.ve vamáıramı́trair
´
jahı̄ nyes.vaśánim . tápis..thām |
vr.ścémadhástādvı́ rujā sáhasva
jahı́ ráks.o maghavanrandháyasva || 16 ||

údvr.ha ráks.ah. sahámūlamindra

vr.ścā´ mádhyam . prátyágram. śr.n.ı̄hi |
ā´ k´ı̄vatah. salalū´kam
. cakartha
brahmadvı́s.e tápus.im . hetı́masya || 17 ||

svastáye vājı́bhiśca pran.etah.

. yánmah´ı̄rı́s.a āsátsi pūrv´ı̄h. |
sám
rāyó vantā´ro br.hatáh. syāmāsmé astu
bhága indra prajā´vān || 18 ||

ā´ no bhara bhágamindra dyumántam .

nı́ te des.n.ásya dhı̄mahi prareké |
ūrvá iva paprathe kā´mo asmé
támā´ pr.n.a vasupate vásūnām || 19 ||

imám. kā´mam . mandayā góbhiráśvaiś

candrávatā rā´dhasā papráthaśca |
svaryávo matı́bhistúbhyam . vı́prā
ı́ndrāya vā´hah. kuśikā´so akran || 20 ||

ā´ no gotrā´ dardr.hi gopate gā´h.

sámasmábhyam . sanáyo yantu vā´jāh. |
diváks.ā asi vr..sabha satyáśus.mo ′smábhyam
.
sú maghavanbodhi godā´h. || 21 ||
 ✹✹✶

✶✺✳ ❖ Indra✱ ❤❛r❞❡♥✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s❪✱ t❤❡② ❜❡❝❛♠❡ ✈❡ss❡❧s

❢♦r ❬t❤❡ ❝♦♠✐♥❣❪ ❥♦✉r♥❡② ✖
❡①❡rt t❤②s❡❧❢ ❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ ❡①t♦❧❧✐♥❣ t❤❡❡ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡✱
❢♦r ♣❛rt✐❝✐♣❛♥ts ❬♦❢ t❤✐s ✜r❡ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣❪✦
▼❛❧✐❣♥❛♥t ♠♦rt❛❧ s♦r❝❡r❡rs✱
❞❡❝❡✐t❢✉❧ ♣❡❧t❛st❛s ❬❛r❡❪ t♦ ❜❡ s❧❛②❡❞✦
✶✻✳ ❆ ❜❛tt❧❡❝r② ✐s ❢✉❧❧② ❤❡❛r❞ ❜② ✐♥❢❡r✐♦r ❬t♦ t❤❡❡❪ ❤♦st✐❧❡s ✖
str✐❦❡ ✐♥t♦ t❤❡♠ ❛ ❜✉r♥✐♥❣ ✢❛s❤ ♦❢ ❧✐❣❤t♥✐♥❣✦
❈✉t ❬✐t❪ ♦✛ ✐♥ t❤❡ ❧♦✇❡r r❡❣✐♦♥✱ s❤❛tt❡r ❬✐t❪✱ ♦✈❡r❝♦♠❡✱
str✐❦❡ t❤❡ ❞❡❢❡♥s✐✈❡♥❡ss✱ ❖ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡✱ ❛♥♥✐❤✐❧❛t❡ ❬✐t❪✦
✶✼✳ P✉❧❧ ♦✉t ❬❛♥②❪ ❞❡❢❡♥s✐✈❡♥❡ss ❛❧♦♥❣ ✇✐t❤ ❬✐ts❪ r♦♦t✱
❝✉t ♦✛ ❛ ♠♦❞❡r❛t❡ ♦♥❡✱ ❝r✉s❤ ❛ ♣r♦♠✐♥❡♥t ♦♥❡✦
❋♦r ❤♦✇ ❧♦♥❣ ❤❛✈❡ t❤♦✉ ❤❡s✐t❛t❡❞❄
❙❤♦♦t ❜✉r♥✐♥❣ ♠✐ss✐❧❡ ❛✐♠❡❞ ❛t ❤✐♠
✇❤♦ ✐s ❤♦st✐❧❡ t♦ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥s✦
✶✽✳ ❲❤❡♥ ❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ ❬♦✉r❪ ✇❡❧❧✲❜❡✐♥❣
❛❧♦♥❣ ✇✐t❤ r✉s❤❡s ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱
t❤♦✉✱ ❖ ❧❡❛❞❡r✱ s❤❛❧❧ ❡♥❝♦✉♥t❡r ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥t ♣♦t❡♥t ❧✐❜❛t✐♦♥s✱
❬t❤❡♥❪ ✇❡ ❝♦✉❧❞ ♣♦ss❡ss ♦❢ ✈❛st ✇❡❛❧t❤✳
▼❛② t❤❡r❡ ❜❡ ❢♦r ✉s ❛ ❣♦♦❞ ❢♦rt✉♥❡ t❤❛t ❣r❛♥ts ♦✛s♣r✐♥❣s✦
✶✾✳ ❇r✐♥❣ t♦ ✉s ❧✉❝✐❞ ❣♦♦❞ ❢♦rt✉♥❡✱ ❖ Indra✱
❬t❤❛t❪ ✇❡ s❤❛❧❧ ♣r❡s❡r✈❡ ✐♥ ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥❝❡ ♦❢ t❤② ❣✐✈✐♥❣✳
❆s t❤❡ ✇✐❞❡ ❬s❦②❪ t❤❡ ❞❡s✐r❡ ❡①t❡♥❞❡❞ ✐♥ ✉s❀
t❤❛t ❬❞❡s✐r❡❪ ♦❢ ❬❛❧❧❪ ❜❡♥❡✜❝❡♥t ❬❞❡s✐r❡s❪ ❞♦ s❛t❡✱
❖ ♦✈❡rs❡❡r ♦❢ ✇❤❛t✬s ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❡♥t✦
✷✵✳ ▼❛❦❡ t❤✐s ❞❡s✐r❡ ❣❧❛❞❞❡♥ ❬✉s❪ ✇✐t❤ ❝♦✇s✱ ❤♦rs❡s✱
✇✐t❤ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❣❧✐tt❡r ❣✐❢t✱ ❛♥❞ t❤♦✉ ✇✐❧❧ ❡①t❡♥❞ ❬✐t❪✳
❙❡❡❦✐♥❣ svàr ♣♦❡ts ✖ ❞❡s❝❡♥❞❛♥ts ♦❢ Kuśika ✖
✉s✐♥❣ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❣❡st✉r❡s✱ ❝r❡❛t❡❞ ❛ ❝♦♥✈❡②✐♥❣ ❢♦r t❤❡❡✱ Indra✳
✷✶✳ ❇r❡❛❦ ♦♣❡♥ ❝♦✇s❤❡❞s ❢♦r ✉s✱ ❖ ♦✈❡rs❡❡r ♦❢ ❝♦✇s✦
▼❛② ❣❛✐♥✐♥❣✲❝♦✇s r✉s❤❡s ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r ❝♦♠❡ t♦ ✉s✦
❚❤♦✉✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❣❡♥✉✐♥❡ ❢❡r✈♦r✱ ❛r❡ ♣❡♥❡tr❛t✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥✱
❖ r❡s❡♠❜❧✐♥❣ ❛ ❜✉❧❧✦
❊❛s✐❧② ❣✐✈✐♥❣ ❝♦✇s t♦ ✉s✱ ❖ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡✱ ❜❡ ❛✇❛❦❡✦
✹✹✷

śunám . huvema maghávānamı́ndram

asmı́nbháre nŕ.tamam . vā´jasātau |
śr.n.vántamugrámūtáye samátsu
ghnántam . vr.trā´n.i sam . dhánānām || 22 ||
. jı́tam
 ✹✹✸

✷✷✳ ❍❛♣♣✐❧② ✇❡ ❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s Indra ✖

t❤❡ ♠♦st ♠❛♥❧② ✐♥ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ✐s ❜❡❛r✐♥❣ ❬❤✐♠❪
❞✉r✐♥❣ ❣❛✐♥✐♥❣ ❛ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱
❬✉♣♦♥ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ✐s❪ ❛tt❡♥t✐✈❡ ❬❛♥❞❪ ❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s ✖ t♦ ❤❡❧♣ ✐♥ ❝❧❛s❤❡s✱
❬✉♣♦♥ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ✐s❪ s✉❜❞✉✐♥❣ Vr.tra✲s✱ ❬✇❤♦ ✐s❪ ❛ ✇✐♥♥❡r ♦❢ ♣r✐③❡s✳

❱❡rs❡ ✶✵ s❡❡♠s t♦ st❛t❡s t❤❛t ❜r❡❛t❤✐♥❣ ✐♥ s❧♦✇❧② ❜✉t ❜r❡❛t❤✐♥❣

♦✉t q✉✐❝❦❧② ❛s t♦ ♣r♦❞✉❝❡ ❛ s♦✉♥❞ ♣r♦♠♦t❡s ❡♥t❡r✐♥❣ t❤❡ st❛t❡ ♦❢
Indra✳
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✸✳✸✶

Viśvāmitra | Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra

śā´sadváhnirduhitúrnaptyàm . gād
vidvā´m̃ r
. . tásya d´
ı̄ dhitim
. saparyán |
pitā´ yátra duhitúh. sékamr.ñján
sám . śagmyèna mánasā dadhanvé || 1 ||

ná jāmáye tā´nvo rikthámāraik

cakā´ra gárbham . sanitúrnidhā´nam |
yádı̄ mātáro janáyanta váhnim
anyáh. kartā´ sukŕ.toranyá .rndhán || 2 ||

agnı́rjajñe juhvā` réjamāno

mahásputrā´m̃. arus.ásya prayáks.e |
mahā´ngárbho máhyā´ jātámes.ām
.
mah´ı̄ pravŕ.ddháryaśvasya yajñaıh
´ . || 3 ||

abhı́ jáıtrı̄rasacanta spr.dhānám .

máhi jyótistámaso nı́rajānan |
. jānat´ı̄h. prátyúdāyannus.ā´sah.
tám
pátirgávāmabhavadéka ı́ndrah. || 4 ||
 ✹✹✺

✶✳ ❚❤❡ ❝❛rr✐❡r s❤❛❧❧ r❡str❛✐♥ ❣r❛♥❞❞❛✉❣❤t❡r ♦❢ ❬❤✐s❪ ❞❛✉❣❤t❡r ✱

✶ ✷ ✸
❛ ❧❡❛r♥❡❞ ♦♥❡ s❤❛❧❧ r❡✈❡r❡♥t✐❛❧❧② ❛tt❡♥❞
t♦ ❛ r❡❝✉rr❡♥t ✈✐s✐♦♥ ♦❢ .rta✱
✇❤❡r❡✐♥ t❤❡ ❢❛t❤❡r ✱ ❛rr❛♥❣✐♥❣
✹ t❤❡ ♣♦✉r✐♥❣ ♦✉t ♦❢ t❤❡ ❞❛✉❣❤t❡r✱
❤❛s s♣r✉♥❣ ❢♦r✇❛r❞ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ❛ s❦✐❧❧❢✉❧ ♠✐♥❞✳
✷✳ ❋♦r ❛ s✐❜❧✐♥❣ ♦❢ ❤✐♠s❡❧❢ ❤❡ ❤❛s ♥♦t ❧❡❢t ❛♥ ✐♥❤❡r✐t❛♥❝❡ ✺
❤❡ ♠❛❞❡ t❤❡ ❣❡r♠ ♦❢ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ♦❜t❛✐♥s
✻ ✼ ✽
t♦ ❜❡ ❛ ♣❧❛❝❡ ❢♦r ❞❡♣♦s✐t✐♥❣ ❬t❤❛t ❤❡❛t❪✳
■❢ ♠♦t❤❡rs ✇❡r❡ t♦ ❝❛✉s❡ t❤❡ ❝❛rr✐❡r t♦ ❡♠❡r❣❡
✾ ✶✵
♦♥❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ t✇♦ ❛❝t✐♥❣ ❡✣❝✐❡♥t❧② ✐s ❛ ❞♦❡r✱
✶✶
t❤❡ ♦t❤❡r ♦♥❡ ✐s s✉❝❝❡❡❞✐♥❣❀
✸✳ Agnı́ ❤❛s ❜❡❣♦t ✇✐t❤ ❬❤✐s❪ ✢❛♠❡✱ q✉✐✈❡r✐♥❣ q✉✐❝❦❧②✱
s♦♥s ♦❢ t❤❡ t❡♠♣❡r❡❞ ♦♥❡ ✐♥ ♦r❞❡r t♦ ❤❛st❡♥ ❢♦r✇❛r❞ ✖
✶✷ ✶✸
❛ ♠✐❣❤t② ❣❡r♠ ❬t♦ ❤❛st❡♥❪ t♦✇❛r❞s ❜♦r♥ ♦❢ t❤❡s❡
✶✹
❬st✐❝❦s ❛♥❞ t❤r❡❛❞s❪❀
❬❙✉❝❤ ✐s❪ ❛ ♣♦✇❡r❢✉❧ ♦♥s❡t ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡s ♦❢ ❤✐♠
✇❤♦ ♣♦ss❡ss❡s t❛✇♥② ❤♦rs❡s✳
✖✖
✹✳ ▲❡❛❞✐♥❣ t♦ ✈✐❝t♦r② ❬✇❛t❡rs❪ ❛ss✐st❡❞ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ✐s ✜❣❤t✐♥❣❀
✶✺
t❤❡② ❡①♣❡r✐❡♥❝❡❞ ❡①t❡♥s✐✈❡ ❧✐❣❤t ❬❝♦♠✐♥❣❪ ❢r♦♠ ❞❛r❦♥❡ss ❀
✶✻ ✶✼
❛❝❦♥♦✇❧❡❞❣✐♥❣ ❤✐♠❬✱ ✇❤♦ ✐s ✜❣❤t✐♥❣✱❪ ❞❛✇♥s ❞✐❞ r✐s❡❀
✶✽
Indra ❜❡❝❛♠❡ t❤❡ s♦❧❡ ♦✈❡rs❡❡r ♦❢ ❝♦✇s✳

✶ ✐♥♥❡r Agnı́
✷ ❞❡s✐r❡
✸ ❧✐❢❡✲❡♥❡r❣②
✹ t❤❛t ✐s✱ t❤❡ ✐♥♥❡r Agnı́
✺ t❤❛t ✐s✱ ❤❡ ❜✉r♥❡❞ t❤❡ ❢✉❡❧ ❝♦♠♣❧❡t❡❧②
✻ Agnı́ ✐♥ ❛♥ ❡♠❜❡r
✼ Agnı́ ✐♥ ❛ ✢❛♠❡
✽ t❤❛t ✐s✱ ♦❜t❛✐♥s ♥❡✇ ❢✉❡❧ t♦ ❜✉r♥ ❜② s♣r❡❛❞✐♥❣ ❛r♦✉♥❞
✾ t❤r❡❛❞s ♦❢ ❦✐♥❞❧✐♥❣
✶✵ ♣❤②s✐❝❛❧ ✜r❡
✶✶ t✇♦ ♣✐❡❝❡s ♦❢ ✇♦♦❞ ✉s❡❞ t♦ ❝r❡❛t❡ ❜② ❢r✐❝t✐♦♥ ❛♥ ❡♠❜❡r
✶✷ ❂ s♣r❡❛❞✐♥❣ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ❡♠❜❡r✲♦r✐❣✐♥❛t✐♥❣ ✢❛♠❡ ♦♥t♦ s✉rr♦✉♥❞✐♥❣ t❤r❡❛❞s
❛♥❞ st✐❝❦s ✢❛♠❡s
✶✸ ❣❧♦✇✐♥❣ ❡♠❜❡r
✶✹ s❡❧❢✲s✉st❛✐♥✐♥❣ ✢❛♠❡s
✶✺ Indra
✶✻ s❡✈❡♥ ✐♥s♣✐r❡❞ ♦♥❡s
✶✼ ❜❡✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❞❛r❦♥❡ss ✇✐t❤ ❡②❡s ❝❧♦s❡❞
✶✽ ❤❡r❡ ❂ st❛t❡s ♦❢ ❜❡✐♥❣ ❛✇❛r❡
✹✹✻

´ sat´ı̄rabhı́ dh´ı̄rā atr.ndan

vı̄..dau
prācā´hinvanmánasā saptá vı́prāh. |
vı́śvāmavindanpathyā`mr.tásya
prajānánnı́ttā´ námasā´ viveśa || 5 ||

vidádyádı̄ sarámā rugn.ámádrer

máhi pā´thah. pūrvyám
. sadhryàkkah. |
ágram. nayatsupádyáks.arān.ām
áchā rávam. prathamā´ jānat´ı̄ gāt || 6 ||

ágachadu vı́pratamah. sakhı̄yánnásūdayat

sukŕ.te gárbhamádrih. |
sasā´na máryo yúvabhirmakhasyánnáthā
bhavadáṅgirāh. sadyó árcan || 7 ||

satáh.satah. pratimā´nam . purobhū´r

vı́śvā veda jánimā hánti śús.n.am |
prá n.o diváh. padav´ı̄rgavyúrárcansákhā
sákhı̄m̃. ramuñcannı́ravadyā´t || 8 ||

nı́ gavyatā´ mánasā sedurarkáıh.

kr.n.vānā´so amr.tatvā´ya gātúm |
idám. cinnú sádanam . bhū´ryes.ām
.
´
yéna māsām̃ . ásis.āsannr.téna || 9 ||
 ✹✹✼

✺✳ ❚❤❡②✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❬❝♦rr❡❝t❪ s❝❤❡♠❛s ❢♦r ❝♦♥t❡♠♣❧❛t✐♦♥✱

❧❡t ♦✉t ❧❛❞✐❡s ❬✇❤♦ ❛r❡❪ ✐♥ ❛ ✜r♠ ❬❡♥❝❧♦s✉r❡❪✱
✶✾
s❡✈❡♥ ✐♥s♣✐r❡❞ ♦♥❡s✱ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ♠✐♥❞
❬❡♥❣r♦ss❡❞ ✐♥t♦ ❝♦♥t❡♠♣❧❛t✐♦♥❪✱ ✐♠♣❡❧❧❡❞ ❬t❤❡♠❪ ♦♥✇❛r❞s ✖
t❤❡② ❢♦✉♥❞ ❛❧❧✲♣❡r✈❛❞✐♥❣ ♣❛t❤✇❛② ♦❢ .rta❀
♦♥❧② ❛♥t✐❝✐♣❛t✐♥❣ ♦♥❡✱ t❤r♦✉❣❤ ❛❞♦r❛t✐♦♥ ❬♦❢ t❤❛t ♣❛t❤✇❛②❪✱
❤❛s t❛❦❡♥ ♣♦ss❡ss✐♦♥ ♦❢ t❤♦s❡ ❬❛❜♦❞❡s❪✳
✻✳ ❙❤♦✉❧❞ Saramā ✜♥❞ t❤❡ ❝❧❡❢t ♦❢ t❤❡ r♦❝❦
✷✵
s❤❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❛t ✜rst ❝r❡❛t❡ t❡♥❞✐♥❣ t♦✇❛r❞s ❬✐t❪ ❛♠♣❧❡ s♣♦t ❀ ✷✶
s❤❡✱ s✇✐❢t✲❢♦♦t❡❞✱ s❤❛❧❧ ❧❡❛❞ t❤❡ ❢♦r❡♠♦st ♦❢ s②❧❧❛❜❧❡s❀
✷✷
s❤❡✱ ✐♥✈❡st✐❣❛t✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡ s♣❛❝❡❪✱ ♣r❡❝❡❞✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡♠ ❛❧❧❪✱
❣♦❡s t♦✇❛r❞s t❤❡ ❤♦✇❧✳
✖✖
✼✳ ❚❤❡ ♠♦st ✐♥s♣✐r❡❞ ♦♥❡ ❝❛♠❡ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ ❧✐❦❡✲♠✐♥❞❡❞♥❡ss ❀ ✷✸
❢♦r t❤❡ ❛❝t✐♥❣ ❡✣❝✐❡♥t❧② ♦♥❡ t❤❡ r♦❝❦ ❝♦♥tr✐✈❡❞ t❤❡ ❣❡r♠
❬t❤❛t❪ ❛ r❡❝r✉✐t✱ ❜❡✐♥❣ ✐♥ ✜❣❤t✐♥❣ s♣✐r✐t✱
t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ②♦✉♥❣ ♦♥❡s ❤❛s ♦❜t❛✐♥❡❞❀
t❤❡♥✱ ✐♥ t❤❡ ✈❡r② ♠♦♠❡♥t✱ ❤❡ ❜❡❝❛♠❡ ❛♥ aṅgiras ✖
✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t✐♥❣ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ s♣❡❡❝❤✳
✽✳ ❬❇❡✐♥❣❪ ❡q✉❛❧❧② ✐♥ ❛❧❧ ❛s♣❡❝ts ❛ ❝♦✉♥t❡r♣❛rt ❬t♦ ❛♥ ♦♣♣♦♥❡♥t❪
❬❤❡ ✐s❪ ❜❡❝♦♠✐♥❣ s✉♣❡r✐♦r t♦ ❬❤✐♠❪❀
❤❡ ❦♥♦✇s ❛❧❧ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❛t✐♦♥s ❬♦❢ deva✲s ❪✱ ❤❡ s❧❛②s Śus.n.a❀
✷✹
❬❍❛✈✐♥❣ s❡t❪ ❢♦rt❤ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ❢♦r ✉s✱
❬❤❡✱❪ ❛ttr❛❝t✐♥❣✲❝♦✇s ❣✉✐❞❡✱
❬✐s❪ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t✐♥❣ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ s♣❡❡❝❤❀
❧✐❦❡✲♠✐♥❞❡❞✱ ❤❡ ❢r❡❡❞ ❬❤✐s❪ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ✉♥s♣❡❛❦❛❜❧❡✳
✾✳ ❲✐t❤ ♠✐♥❞ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② ✇♦r❞s t❤❡② ❤❛✈❡ s❡tt❧❡❞ ❞♦✇♥
♠❛❦✐♥❣ ✇✐t❤ ❤②♠♥s ♦❢ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t✐♦♥
❛♥ ✉♥✐♠♣❡❞❡❞ ✇❛② ❢♦r t❤❡ ❛♠❜r♦s✐❛✳
❏✉st t❤✐s t❤❡✐r s✐tt✐♥❣ ❞♦✇♥ ✐s ❢r❡q✉❡♥t
❬t❤✐s✱❪ ✇✐t❤ ✇❤✐❝❤ t❤❡② ❞❡s✐r❡❞ t♦ ❣❛✐♥ ❬s❡✈❡r❛❧❪ ♠♦♥t❤s
❬♦❢ tr❛✐♥✐♥❣ t✐♠❡❪ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② ❝♦❤❡r❡♥❝❡ ❬✇✐t❤ Indra❪✳
✖✖
✶✾ ❂ ✇❛t❡rs
✷✵ t❤❡ ♦♣❡♥✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❧♦✇❡r ♣❛rt ♦❢ t❤❡ s❦✉❧❧ t♦✇❛r❞s ✇❤✐❝❤ t❤❡ t♦♥❣✉❡ ✐s ❞✐r❡❝t❡❞

❞✉r✐♥❣ khecarı̄ mudrā

✷✶ s♣♦t ✐♥ t❤❡ ♠❡♥t❛❧ s♣❛❝❡ t♦✇❛r❞s ✇❤✐❝❤ ❛tt❡♥t✐♦♥ s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡ ❞✐r❡❝t❡❞
✷✷ aum
.
✷✸ ✇✐t❤ Indra
✷✹ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✸✳✹✳✶✵❞✱ ✹✳✷✼✳✶❜✱ ✼✳✷✳✶✵❞✱ ✾✳✽✸✳✹❜✱ ✾✳✾✼✳✼❜
✹✹✽

sampáśyamānā amadannabhı́ svám .

páyah. pratnásya rétaso dúghānāh. |
vı́ ródası̄ atapadghós.a es.ām.
jāté nis..thā´mádadhurgós.u vı̄rā´n || 10 ||

sá jātébhirvr.trahā´ sédu havyaır

´
údusrı́yā asr.jadı́ndro arkaıh´. |
urūcyàsmai ghr.távadbhárantı̄
mádhu svā´dma duduhe jényā gauh ´ . || 11 ||

pitré ciccakruh. sádanam . sámasmai

máhi tvı́s.ı̄matsukŕ.to vı́ hı́ khyán |
vis.kabhnánta skámbhanenā jánitrı̄
ā´sı̄nā ūrdhvám
. rabhasám . vı́ minvan || 12 ||

mah´ı̄ yádi dhis.án.ā śiśnáthe dhā´t

sadyovŕ.dham . vibhvàm . ródasyoh. |
gı́ro yásminnanavadyā´h. samı̄c´ı̄r
vı́śvā ı́ndrāya távis.ı̄ránuttāh. || 13 ||

máhyā´ te sakhyám . vaśmi śakt´ı̄r

ā vr.traghné niyúto yanti pūrv´ı̄h. |
´
máhi stotrámáva ā´ganma sūrér
asmā´kam . sú maghavanbodhi gopā´h. || 14 ||
 ✹✹✾

✶✵✳ ▲♦♦❦✐♥❣ ❛t ❡❛❝❤ ♦t❤❡r t❤❡② ❡①✉❧t❡❞✱ ♠✐❧❦✐♥❣ ❢♦r t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s

t❤❡ ❥✉✐❝❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ♣r✐♠♦r❞✐❛❧ str❡❛♠✳
❚❤❡✐r ❜❛tt❧❡❝r② ✇❛r♠❡❞ ✉♣ ❜♦t❤ Rodas✲❡s✳
■♥t♦ ✇❤❛t ✇❛s ❡♥❣❡♥❞❡r❡❞ t❤❡② ♣❧❛❝❡❞ st❡❛❞✐♥❡ss✱
♠✐❞st ❝♦✇s ❬t❤❡② ♣❧❛❝❡❞❪ ❤❡r♦❡s✳
✶✶✳ ❲✐t❤ t❤♦s❡ ❡♥❣❡♥❞❡r❡❞✱ ❤❡ ✐s ❛ s❧❛②❡r ♦❢ Vr.tra✱
✷✺
❥✉st ❤❡ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ♦❜❧❛t✐♦♥s ✳ ✷✻
Indra r❡❧❡❛s❡❞ ❛♣♣❡❛r✐♥❣ ❛t ❞❛✇♥ ❬✇❛t❡rs❪
❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❤②♠♥s ♦❢ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t✐♦♥✳
❋❛r✲r❡❛❝❤✐♥❣✱ ❜❡❛r✐♥❣✲r✐❝❤✲✐♥✲❣❤❡❡✲❤♦♥❡②
❝♦✇ ♦❢ ♥♦❜❧❡ ♦r✐❣✐♥ ②✐❡❧❞❡❞ s✇❡❡t♥❡ss✳
✷✼
✶✷✳ ❆❧s♦✱ ❢♦r t❤❡ ❢❛t❤❡r t❤❡② ♣❡r❢♦r♠❡❞ ❛ s✐tt✐♥❣❀
✷✽
t♦❣❡t❤❡r ❬t❤❡② ♣❡r❢♦r♠❡❞❪ ❢♦r ❤✐♠
♣♦✇❡r❢✉❧ ♣♦ss❡ss✐♥❣ ♦❢ ❡♥❡r❣✐❡s ❬r✐t✉❛❧❪ ✖
❜❡❝❛✉s❡ ❛❝t✐♥❣ ❡✣❝✐❡♥t❧② ♦♥❡s ♠❛❞❡ ✐t ❦♥♦✇♥
❬❛s ♣❛rt ♦❢ t❤❡ ♣r♦❝❡ss❪✳
❚❤❡②✱ s❡❛t❡❞ ✉♣r✐❣❤t✱ ♣r♦♣♣✐♥❣ ❛♣❛rt ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ♣✐❧❧❛r
t✇♦ ❣❡♥✐tr✐①❡s✱
✜①❡❞ t❤❡ ✐♠♣❡t✉♦✉s ♦♥❡ ✐♥ t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤✳
✖✖
✶✸✳ ■♥ ❝❛s❡ ❛ ♣♦t❡♥t ❡✛♦rt t♦ ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❡ ❞✉r✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♣✐❡r❝✐♥❣
s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ ♣❧❛❝❡❞ ❜❡t✇❡❡♥ t❤❡ t✇♦ Rodas✲❡s ✷✾
❤✐♠ ✱ ✇❤♦ ✐s str❡♥❣t❤❡♥❡❞ ❛t t❤❛t ✈❡r② ♠♦♠❡♥t✱
✸✵
✇❤♦ ✐s s♣r❡❛❞✐♥❣✱
❬t❤❡♥ ❤✐s✱❪ ✐♥ ✇❤♦♠ ✢❛✇❧❡ss ❝❤❛♥ts
❛r❡ ❛❧❧ t✉r♥❡❞ ✐♥ ♦♥❡ ❞✐r❡❝t✐♦♥ ✖ ❢♦r Indra✱
❬❤✐s❪ ♣♦✇❡rs t♦ ❝♦♥tr♦❧ ❬❜❡❝♦♠❡❪ ♥♦t✲❬t♦✲❜❡❪✲❞♦✇♥♣❧❛②❡❞✳
✶✹✳ ■ ✇✐s❤ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡rs ❬t♦ ❜❡ ❞✐r❡❝t❡❞❪
t♦✇❛r❞s ♠✐❣❤t② ❢❡❧❧♦✇s❤✐♣ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡❡❀
♠❛♥② ✐♥t❡r♥❛❧❧② ❝♦♥♥❡❝t❡❞ ❬♣♦✇❡rs❪
❝♦♠❡ ❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ Vrtra✲s❧❛②❡r✳
▼✐❣❤t② ❬✐s❪ ❛ ❤②♠♥ ♦❢ ♣r❛✐s❡. ✖ ✇❡ ❛rr✐✈❡❞ ❛t t❤❡ ❢❛✈♦✉r
♦❢ t❤❡ ✐♥st✐t✉t♦r ♦❢ t❤❡ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡ ✖
❤❡❡❞ ✇❡❧❧ t♦ ✉s✱ ❖ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡✱ ❜❡✐♥❣ ❛ ❣✉❛r❞✐❛♥✦
✖✖
✷✺ Marut✲s
✷✻ ♣r♦❜✳ ❞r❛✉❣❤ts ♦❢ Soma
✷✼ Prśni ❂ ✏❡♥t✐❝❡♠❡♥t t♦ tr❛♥s❣r❡ss✱ t♦ r❡❜❡❧✑
.
✷✽ Rudra
✷✾ t❤❛t ✐s✱ ✐♥t♦ t❤❡ manipūra ❝❛❦r❛
.
✸✵ ✐♥♥❡r Agnı́
✹✺✵

máhi ks.étram . purú ścandrám. vividvā´n

ā´dı́tsákhibhyaścarátham. sámairat |
ı́ndro nŕ.bhirajanadd´ı̄dyānah.
sākám . sū´ryamus.ásam. gātúmagnı́m || 15 ||

apáścides.á vibhvò dámūnāh.

prá sadhr´ı̄cı̄rasr.jadviśváścandrāh. |
mádhvah. punānā´h. kavı́bhih. pavı́trair
dyúbhirhinvantyaktúbhirdhánutrı̄h. || 16 ||

ánu kr..sn.é vásudhitı̄ jihāte

ubhé sū´ryasya mam . hánā yájatre |
pári yátte mahimā´nam . vr.jádhyai
sákhāya indra kā´myā .rjipyā´h. || 17 ||

pátirbhava vr.trahansūnŕ.tānām.
girā´m
. viśvā´yurvr..sabhó vayodhā´h. |
ā´ no gahi sakhyébhih. śivébhir
mahā´nmah´ı̄bhirūtı́bhih. saran.yán || 18 ||

támaṅgirasvánnámasā saparyán
návyam . kr.n.omi sányase purājā´m |
drúho vı́ yāhi bahulā´ ádevı̄h.
svàśca no maghavansātáye dhāh. || 19 ||

mı́hah. pāvakā´h. prátatā abhūvan

svastı́ nah. pipr.hi pārámāsām |
ı́ndra tvám. rathiráh. pāhi no ris.ó
maks.ū´maks.ū kr.n.uhi gojı́to nah. || 20 ||
 ✹✺✶

✶✺✳ ❍❛✈✐♥❣ ❢♦✉♥❞ ❜r✐❣❤t❧② r❛❞✐❛♥t ❡①♣❛♥s✐✈❡ s♣❛❝❡ ✖

♦♥❧② ❛❢t❡r t❤❛t ❤❡ ❛❝t✐✈❛t❡❞ ✇❛♥❞❡r✐♥❣ ❢♦r ❤✐s ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s✳
❚♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ♠❡♥ Indra✱ ✇❤✐❧❡ s❤✐♥✐♥❣✱
✸✶
s✐♠✉❧t❛♥❡♦✉s❧② ♣r♦❞✉❝❡❞ t❤❡ ❙✉♥✱ t❤❡ ❉❛✇♥✱
❛♥ ✉♥✐♠♣❡❞❡❞ ♣❛t❤✇❛②✱ ❬❛♥❞ ✐♥♥❡r❪ Agni✳
✶✻✳ ❚❤✐s ♦♥❡✱ ✇❤♦ ♠❛❞❡ ♦♥❡ ❢❡❡❧ ❛t ❤♦♠❡✱
❛❧s♦ s❡♥t s✉r❣✐♥❣ ❢♦rt❤ t♦✇❛r❞s ♦♥❡ ❣♦❛❧
s♣r❡❛❞✐♥❣ ❤❛✈✐♥❣✲❛❧❧♣❡r✈❛❞✐♥❣✲❣❧✐tt❡r ✇❛t❡rs✳
P✉r✐❢②✐♥❣ s❡❧❢ ✇✐t❤ ♣♦❡ts ❛s ✜❧t❡rs ❬❞r♦♣s ❪ ♦❢ ❤♦♥❡②
✸✷
✐♠♣❡❧ ✖ t❤r♦✉❣❤ ❞❛②s ❛♥❞ ♥✐❣❤ts ✖ s♣❡❡❞✐♥❣ ❬str❡❛♠s ❪✳ ✸✸
✶✼✳ ❍❡ ❢♦❧❧♦✇s t❤❡ t✇♦ ❞❛r❦ ❜❡st♦✇✐♥❣ ✇❤❛t✬s ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧ ♦♥❡s ✱
✸✹ ✸✺
❜♦t❤ ❜❡✐♥❣ ✐♥str✉♠❡♥t❛❧ ✐♥ ❛ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡
t❤r♦✉❣❤ ♠❛❣♥❛♥✐♠✐t② ♦❢ t❤❡ ❙✉♥✱
✇❤❡♥ ❧✐❦❡✲♠✐♥❞❡❞ ♦♥❡s✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❛♠✐❛❜❧❡✱ str❛✐❣❤t✲❣♦✐♥❣ ♦♥❡s ✸✻
❬❛r❡❪ ❛r♦✉♥❞ t♦ ♣❧✉❝❦ t❤② ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ✐♥❝r❡❛s❡✲✐♥✲s✐③❡
❬❢♦r t❤❡✐r ♦✇♥ ❡①♣❛♥s✐♦♥❪✳
✖✖
✶✽✳ ❇❡❝♦♠❡ ❛♥ ♦✈❡rs❡❡r✱ ❖ s❧❛②❡r ♦❢ Vr.tra✱ ♦❢ ✇❡❧❧✲✜tt✐♥❣ ❝❤❛♥ts✱
❬t❤♦✉✱❪ t❤❡ ❛❧❧✲♣❡r✈❛❞✐♥❣ ❧✐❢❡✲❢♦r❝❡✱ ❛♣♣❡❛r✐♥❣ ❛s ❛ ❜✉❧❧✱
❣✐✈✐♥❣ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❛♥❞ ❜♦❞✐❧② ❡♥❡r❣②✱
❝♦♠❡ t♦ ✉s ✇✐t❤ ❞❡str♦②✐♥❣ r❡❛❝t✐✈❡ ✐♠♣✉❧s✐✈❡♥❡ss r❡❧❛t✐♦♥s ✱
✸✼ ✸✽
❡①❛❧t✐♥❣ ♦♥❡ ✇✐t❤ ♠✐❣❤t② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❤❡❧♣✐♥❣✱ ❬t❤♦✉✱❪ ❤❛st❡♥✐♥❣✳
✶✾✳ ❆tt❡♥❞✐♥❣ t♦ ❤✐♠ ♣r♦✈♦❦✐♥❣❧②✱ ✇✐t❤ r❡✈❡r❡♥❝❡✱
■ ♠❛❦❡ ✇❤❛t ✇❛s ❜♦r♥ ❧♦♥❣ ❛❣♦ ♥❡✇✳
✸✾
P❛ss t❤r♦✉❣❤ ♥✉♠❡r♦✉s ♣r♦❢❛♥❡ ✐♥❥✉r✐❡s✦
❚❤♦✉ ♠❛❞❡ svàr ❢♦r ✉s t♦ ❣❛✐♥✳
✷✵✳ ▼❛t✉r✐♥❣ ❢♦❣s ❜❡❝❛♠❡ ❡①t❡♥❞❡❞ ✖
✹✵
❜r✐♥❣ ✉s s✉❝❝❡ss❢✉❧❧② ♦✈❡r t♦ t❤❡ ❡♥❞ ♦❢ t❤❡♠✦
■♥❞r❛✱ t❤♦✉ ❬❜❡✐♥❣❪ s♣❡❡❞②✱ ♣r♦t❡❝t ✉s ❢r♦♠ ✐♥❥✉r②✱
❛s s♦♦♥ ❛s ♣♦ss✐❜❧❡ ♠❛❦❡ ✉s ❛❝q✉✐r✐♥❣ ❝♦✇s✦

✸✶ Marut ✲s
✸✷❞r♦♣s ♦❢ ✖ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✾✳✻✳✹❝ ❛♥❞ ✾✳✶✵✻✳✾❜
♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✾✳✾✸✳✶❜
Soma
✸✸
✸✹✐♥♥❡r
t❤❡ ◆✐❣❤t ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ❉❛✇♥ ❛s ❞✐st✐♥❝t st❛t❡s ♦❢ ♠✐♥❞✴❜♦❞②
Agni
✸✺
✸✻ Marut
✸✼ śiva
✲s
✸✽r❡❧❛t✐♦♥s t♦ ❜♦t❤ Rodas✲❡s
✸✾✐♥♥❡r
❞✐s♦r✐❡♥t❛t✐♦♥✱ ❞♦✉❜t✱ ✐♥❞❡❝✐s✐✈❡♥❡ss
Agni
✹✵
✹✺✷

ádedis..ta vr.trahā´ gópatirgā´

antáh. kr..sn.ā´m̃
. arus.áırdhā´mabhirgāt |
prá sūnŕ.tā diśámāna .rténa
dúraśca vı́śvā avr.n.odápa svā´h. || 21 ||

śunám . huvema maghávānamı́ndram

asmı́nbháre nŕ.tamam . vā´jasātau |
śr.n.vántamugrámūtáye samátsu
ghnántam . vr.trā´n.i sam . dhánānām || 22 ||
. jı́tam
 ✹✺✸

✷✶✳ ❙❧❛②❡r ♦❢ Vr.tra ❬❛♥❞❪ ♦✈❡rs❡❡r ♦❢ ❝♦✇s✱

❤❡ ❤❛s ♣♦✐♥t❡❞ ♦✉t t❤❡ ❝♦✇s ❛❣❛✐♥ ❛♥❞ ❛❣❛✐♥❀
✐♥s✐❞❡✱ ❤❡ s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ ✇❛❧❦❡❞ ❞❛r❦ ❬♣❛t❤s❪
t❤r♦✉❣❤ t❡♠♣❡r❡❞✹✶ ❛❜♦❞❡s✳
■♥❞✐❝❛t✐♥❣ ✇❡❧❧✲✜tt✐♥❣ ❬❝❤❛♥ts❪ t❤r♦✉❣❤ ❬❛ ❢❡❡❧✐♥❣ ♦❢❪ ❝♦❤❡r❡♥❝❡✱
❤❡ ❛❧s♦ ♦♣❡♥❡❞ ❛❧❧ ❤✐s ♦✇♥ ❞♦♦rs✳
✖✖
✷✷✳ ❍❛♣♣✐❧② ✇❡ ❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s Indra ✖
t❤❡ ♠♦st ♠❛♥❧② ✐♥ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ✐s ❜❡❛r✐♥❣ ❬❤✐♠❪
❞✉r✐♥❣ ❣❛✐♥✐♥❣ ❛ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱
❬✉♣♦♥ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ✐s❪ ❛tt❡♥t✐✈❡ ❬❛♥❞❪ ❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s ✖ t♦ ❤❡❧♣ ✐♥ ❝❧❛s❤❡s✱
❬✉♣♦♥ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ✐s❪ s✉❜❞✉✐♥❣ Vr.tra✲s✱ ❬✇❤♦ ✐s❪ ❛ ✇✐♥♥❡r ♦❢ ♣r✐③❡s✳

❱❡rs❡s ✶✲✸ ❞❡s❝r✐❜❡ s❡t✉♣ ❢♦r st❛rt✐♥❣ ❛♥ ✐♥✈♦❝❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ Indra ✖ ✐♥♥❡r

✜r❡ t❤❛t s♣r✐♥❣s ✉♣ ❛❧♦♥❣ ✇✐t❤ ❛ s❦✐❧❧❢✉❧ ♠✐♥❞✱ ❛♥❞ ♣❤②s✐❝❛❧ ✜r❡
❜❡✐♥❣ st❛rt❡❞ t❤r♦✉❣❤ ❢r✐❝t✐♦♥ t♦ ❝r❡❛t❡ ❛ s♣❛r❦ t❤❛t t❤❡♥ s♣r❡❛❞s
♦♥t♦ ❦✐♥❞❧✐♥❣✳ ❱❡rs❡s ✹✕✻ ❞❡s❝r✐❜❡ ❞❡✈❡❧♦♣♠❡♥t ♦❢ t❤❡ ✐♥✈♦❝❛t✐♦♥
❢r♦♠ ❧❡tt✐♥❣ ✐♥♥❡r ✇❛t❡rs ✢♦✇ t♦ ♣❡r❢♦r♠✐♥❣ ✇❤❛t ✐♥ ♠♦❞❡r♥ t✐♠❡s
✐s ❦♥♦✇♥ ❛s khecarı̄ mudrā t♦ ✉tt❡r✐♥❣ ♠❛♥tr❛ aum . ✳ ❱❡rs❡s ✼✕✾ r❡❢❡r
t♦ tr❛✐♥✐♥❣ ♦❢ ✇❛rr✐♦rs✳ ❱❡rs❡s ✶✵✕✶✷ ❛r❡ ❛❜♦✉t Marut✲s✳ ❱❡rs❡s ✶✸✕
✶✹ ❡①♣r❡ss ❝♦♥❝❡r♥ ❛♥❞ ✇✐s❤ ❛❜♦✉t ❝♦♥tr♦❧❧✐♥❣ ♣♦✇❡rs ✉♥❧❡❛s❤❡❞ ✐♥
t❤❡ ♣r♦❝❡ss ♦❢ ✐♥✈♦❦✐♥❣ Indra✳ ❱❡rs❡s ✶✺✕✶✼ ❞❡s❝r✐❜❡ s♦♠❡ ❡✛❡❝t ♦❢
❡♥t❡r✐♥❣ t❤❡ st❛t❡ ♦❢ Indra✱ ✶✽✕✷✶ ❡①♣r❡ss❡s ✇✐s❤ ❛♥❞ ❡①♣❡❝t❛t✐♦♥s
♦❢ ❢✉rt❤❡r ✉♥❢♦❧❞✐♥❣ ♦❢ t❤❡ st❛t❡✳

✹✶ ❤❡r❡ ✏✇❡❧❧ ❝♦♥tr♦❧❧❡❞✑

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✸✳✸✷

Viśvāmitra | Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra

ı́ndra sómam . somapate pı́bemám .

mā´dhyam . dinam . sávanam. cā´ru yátte |
praprúthyā śı́pre maghavannr.jı̄s.in
vimúcyā hárı̄ ihá mādayasva || 1 ||

gávāśiram. manthı́namindra śukrám .

pı́bā sómam . rarimā´ te mádāya |
brahmakŕ.tā mā´rutenā gan.éna
sajós.ā rudráıstr.pádā´ vr..sasva || 2 ||

yé te śús.mam . yé távis.ı̄mávardhannárcanta

indra marútasta ójah. |
mā´dhyam . dine sávane vajrahasta
pı́bā rudrébhih. ságan.ah. suśipra || 3 ||

tá ı́nnvasya mádhumadvivipra

ı́ndrasya śárdho marúto yá ā´san |
yébhirvr.trásyes.itó vivédāmarmán.o
mányamānasya márma || 4 ||

manus.vádindra sávanam . jus.ān.áh.

pı́bā sómam . śáśvate vı̄ry ā`ya |
sá ā´ vavr.tsva haryaśva yajñaıh ´.
saran.yúbhirapó árn.ā sisars.i || 5 ||

tvámapó yáddha vr.trám . jaghanvā´m̃

.
. iva prā´sr.jah. sártavā´jau
átyām̃ ´ |
śáyānamindra cáratā vadhéna
vavrivā´m . pári dev´ı̄rádevam || 6 ||
. sam

yájāma ı́nnámasā vr.ddhámı́ndram

.
. yúvānam |
br.hántamr..svámajáram
yásya priyé mamáturyajñı́yasya
ná ródası̄ mahimā´nam . mamā´te || 7 ||
 ✹✺✺

✶✳ ❖ Indra✱ ❞r✐♥❦ t❤✐s Soma✱ ❖ ♠❛st❡r ♦❢ Soma✱

♠✐❞❞❛② ♣r❡ss✐♥❣ ✇❤✐❝❤ ✐s ❛❣r❡❡❛❜❧❡ t♦ t❤❡❡✳
❙✇❡❧❧ ♦✉t ❧✐♣s✱ ❖ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❞✐r❡❝t ✐♠♣❛❝t ♦♥❡✱
s❡tt✐♥❣ ❢r❡❡ t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s✱ ❞♦ ♠❛❦❡ t❤②s❡❧❢ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t❡❞ ❤❡r❡✦
✷✳ ❉r✐♥❦✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❛❣✐t❛t✐♥❣ tr❛♥s❧✉❝❡♥t ❬❥✉✐❝❡❪ ♠✐①❡❞ ✇✐t❤ ♠✐❧❦
❬t❤❛t❪ ✇❡ ❤❛✈❡ ②✐❡❧❞❡❞ ❢♦r t❤② ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t✐♦♥✦
✖✖
❆❝t✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❤❛r♠♦♥② ✇✐t❤ ♣❡r❢♦r♠✐♥❣✲❛✲s❛❝r❡❞✲❢♦r♠✉❧❛
❤❛✈✐♥❣✲Marut✲s✬✲tr❛✐t tr♦♦♣ ✖
✇✐t❤ Rudra✲s ✖ ❤❡ s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ ❜❡❡♥ s❛t✐❛t❡❞✳
P♦✉r ❬✐t❪ ❤❡r❡✦
✖✖
✸✳ ❬❚❤❡②✱❪ ✇❤♦ ❢♦r t❤② s❛❦❡ ❞✐❞ ✐♥❝r❡❛s❡ t❤❡ ❢❡r✈♦r ❬❛♥❞❪
t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝♦♥tr♦❧✱
t❤❡②✱ t❤❡ Marut✲s✱ s❤❛❧❧ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t❡ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ s♣❡❡❝❤
t❤② ✈✐❣♦✉r✳
❉r✐♥❦ ❞✉r✐♥❣ ♣r❡ss✐♥❣ ❛t t❤❡ ♠✐❞❞❛② ❬r✐t✉❛❧❪✱
❖ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲✐♥✲❤❛♥❞ ♦♥❡✱
❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② Rudra✲s✱ ❖ s❡❧❡❝t✐✈❡ ♦♥❡✦
✹✳ ■t ✇❡r❡ t❤❡② ✇❤♦ ❤❛✈❡ st✐rr❡❞ ❤✐s s✇❡❡t ❬♠❛♥❧② ✈✐❣♦✉r ❪ ✖
✶
Indra✬s ✢♦❝❦ ✇❤♦ ✇❡r❡ Marut✲s✱
✇✐t❤ ✇❤♦♠ ❤❡✱ ❞r✐✈❡♥✱ ❤❛s ❢♦✉♥❞ ❛ ✈✉❧♥❡r❛❜❧❡ s♣♦t ♦❢ Vr.tra
✇❤♦ ✇❛s t❤♦✉❣❤t t♦ ❜❡ ✐♥✈✉❧♥❡r❛❜❧❡✳
✺✳ ❆s ✐s ♠❡♥✬s ❝✉st♦♠✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❡♥❥♦②✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♣r❡ss✐♥❣✱
❞r✐♥❦ Soma ❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ ❡♥❞❧❡ss ✈❛❧♦r✦
❙✉❝❤ t❤♦✉✱ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡s s❡❡❦✐♥❣ ❬s✉❝❤❪ ✢♦✇✱
t✉r♥ t❤②s❡❧❢ ❤❡r❡✱ ❖ ♣♦ss❡ss✐♥❣ t❛✇♥② ❤♦rs❡s ♦♥❡✱
❬❜❡❝❛✉s❡❪ t❤♦✉ ❬❞♦❪ ♣✉rs✉❡ ✇❛t❡rs✱ ✢♦♦❞✐♥❣ str❡❛♠s✳
✻✳ ❲❤❡♥ ✐♥❞❡❡❞ t❤♦✉✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ s❧❛②❡❞ Vr.tra✱
❣❛✈❡ ❢r❡❡ ❝♦✉rs❡ t♦ ✇❛t❡rs t♦ ✢♦✇ ❛s ✐❢ t♦ ❝♦✉rs❡rs ♦♥ ❛ r❛❝❡tr❛❝❦✱
❬❤❛✈✐♥❣ s❧❛②❡❞❪ ❧②✐♥❣ ❞♦✇♥ ♦♥❡ ✇✐t❤ ✇❛♥❞❡r✐♥❣ ❞❡❛❞❧② ✇❡❛♣♦♥✱
❬t❤♦✉ s❧❛②❡❞❪ ♣r♦❢❛♥❡ ♦♥❡
❬✇❤♦ ✇❛s❪ ❤✐♥❞❡r✐♥❣ ❢r♦♠ ❛❧❧ s✐❞❡s ❝❡❧❡st✐❛❧ ❬✇❛t❡rs❪✳
✼✳ ❲❡ ❥✉st s❛❝r✐✜❝❡ r❡✈❡r❡♥t✐❛❧❧② t♦ ❢✉❧❧✲❣r♦✇♥ Indra ✖
❡①t❡♥s✐✈❡ ❤❡❧♣✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❞✐r❡ str❛✐❣❤ts ♥♦t s✉❜❥❡❝t t♦ ♦❧❞ ❛❣❡ ②♦✉t❤✱
✇❤♦s❡ t✇♦ ❞❡❛r ♦♥❡s ❤❛✈❡ ♠❡t❡❞ ♦✉t ❬t❤❡ ♣♦t❡♥❝② ❪ ♦❢ ❤✐♠
✷
✇❤♦ ✐s ✇♦rt❤②✲♦❢✲❛✲s❛❝r✐✜❝❡✱
❬❜✉t❪ t❤❡②✱ t✇♦ Rodas✲❡s✱ ❤❛✈❡ ♥♦t ❛♣♣♦rt✐♦♥❡❞ t♦ t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s
❬❤✐s❪ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ✐♥❝r❡❛s❡✲✐♥✲s✐③❡✳
✶ suvı̄rya ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✾✳✽✻✳✶✽❞
✷ suvı̄rya
✹✺✻

ı́ndrasya kárma súkr.tā purū´n.i

vratā´ni devā´ ná minanti vı́śve |
dādhā´ra yáh. pr.thiv´ı̄m
. dyā´mutémā´m.
jajā´na sū´ryamus.ásam . sudám. sāh. || 8 ||

ádrogha satyám . táva tánmahitvám.

sadyó yájjātó ápibo ha sómam |
ná dyā´va indra tavásasta ójo
nā´hā ná mā´sāh. śarádo varanta || 9 ||

tvám. sadyó apibo jātá indra

mádāya sómam . paramé vyòman |
yáddha dyā´vāpr.thiv´ı̄ ā´viveśı̄r
áthābhavah. pūrvyáh. kārúdhāyāh. || 10 ||

áhannáhim. pariśáyānamárn.a
ojāyámānam. tuvijāta távyān |
ná te mahitvámánu bhūdádha
dyauryádanyáyā
´ sphigyā` ks.ā´mávasthāh. || 11 ||

yajñó hı́ ta indra várdhano bhū´d

utá priyáh. sutásomo miyédhah. |
yajñéna yajñámava yajñı́yah. sán
yajñáste vájramahihátya āvat || 12 ||

yajñénéndramávasā´ cakre arvā´g

áınam. sumnā´ya návyase vavr.tyām |
yá stómebhirvāvr.dhé pūrvyébhir
yó madhyamébhirutá nū´tanebhih. || 13 ||
 ✹✺✼

✽✳ Indra✬s r✐t❡ ❬✐s❪ ♠❛♥② ✇❡❧❧✲♣❡r❢♦r♠❡❞ ❬❛❝t✐♦♥s❪ ✖

❛❧❧ deva✲s ❞♦ ♥♦t ❞✐♠✐♥✐s❤ r❡❛❧♠s ❬♦❢ ❤✐♠❪
✇❤♦ ❤❡❧❞ t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤ ❬❛♥❞❪ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ❬❛♣❛rt❪✱
❬✇❤♦❪ ❜❡❣♦t t❤✐s ❬❝❤❛♥t❪✱ t❤❡ ❙✉♥ ❬❛♥❞❪ t❤❡ ❉❛✇♥ ✖
❬❤❡✱❪ ♣❡r❢♦r♠✐♥❣ ✇♦♥❞r♦✉s ❞❡❡❞s✳
✾✳ ❖ ❢r❡❡ ❢r♦♠ ❢❛❧s❡❤♦♦❞ ♦♥❡✱ ❣❡♥✉✐♥❡ ✐s t❤❛t t❤② ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❡①♣❛♥❞
❜❡❝❛✉s❡ t❤♦✉ r❡❛❧❧② ❞r❛♥❦ Soma ✐♥ t❤❡ ✈❡r② ♠♦♠❡♥t
❬t❤♦✉❪ ✇❡r❡ ❜♦r♥ ✳ ✸
◆♦t ❤❡❛✈❡♥s ❬❛r❡❪ str♦♥❣ ❬❜✉t❪ t❤② ✈✐❣♦✉r ❬✐s❪✱
♥❡✐t❤❡r ❞❛②s✱ ♥♦r ♠♦♥t❤s ❬♦r❪ ②❡❛rs s❤❛❧❧ s✉♣♣r❡ss ❬✐t❪✳
✶✵✳ ❚❤♦✉ ❞r❛♥❦ Soma t❤❡ ♠♦♠❡♥t t❤♦✉ ✇❡r❡ ❜♦r♥✱ ❖ Indra✱
❢♦r ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t✐♦♥ ✐♥ t❤❡ ✉❧t✐♠❛t❡ s♣❛❝❡ ♦❢ ❞❡t❛❝❤♠❡♥t❀
♦♥❧② ✇❤❡♥ t❤♦✉ ✇❡r❡ ❛❜s♦r❜❡❞ ✐♥t♦ t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤ ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥✱
t❤❡♥ t❤♦✉ ❜❡❝❛♠❡ t❤❡ ♣r✐♥❝✐♣❛❧ ♥♦✉r✐s❤❡r ✹
♦❢ ❬t❤✐s❪ s✐♥❣❡r ♦❢ ❡✉❧♦❣✐❡s✳
✖✖
✶✶✳ ❍❡✱ ❜❡✐♥❣ str♦♥❣❡r✱ s❧❛②❡❞ ❧②✐♥❣ ❛r♦✉♥❞ ✢♦♦❞✐♥❣ ✇❛t❡rs
❡①❤✐❜✐t✐♥❣ ✈✐❣♦✉r s♥❛❦❡✱ ❖ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❡❞✲♦❢t❡♥ ♦♥❡✦
◆♦✇✱ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ❞✐❞♥✬t ✉♥❞❡rst♦♦❞ t❤② ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❡①♣❛♥❞
✇❤❡♥ t❤♦✉ ✇❡♥t ❞♦✇♥ ✐♥t♦ t❤❡ ❣r♦✉♥❞ ✇✐t❤ ❛♥♦t❤❡r ❤✐♣✳
✖✖
✶✷✳ ❙✐♥❝❡ ❬t❤✐s❪ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡ s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ ❜❡❡♥ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥✐♥❣ ❢♦r t❤❡❡✱
❖ Indra✱
❛♥❞ ❢❛✈♦✉r✐t❡ ❛♣♣♦rt✐♦♥❡❞ ❢✉❡❧ ♦❢ ♣r❡ss❡❞ Soma ❬❛s ✇❡❧❧❪✱
t❤r♦✉❣❤ ❬t❤✐s❪ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡ ❤❡❧♣ ❬t❤❛t❪ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡✱
❬t❤♦✉✱❪ ❜❡✐♥❣ ✇♦rt❤②✲♦❢✲❛✲s❛❝r✐✜❝❡ ✖
❞✉r✐♥❣ s❧❛②✐♥❣ ♦❢ t❤❡ s♥❛❦❡
❛ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡ ❬s✉❝❤ ❛s t❤✐s❪ ❤❡❧♣❡❞ t❤② t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✳
✶✸✳ ❲✐t❤ ❛ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡ ■ ❜r♦✉❣❤t Indra
❛❧♦♥❣ ✇✐t❤ ❬❤✐s❪ ❢❛✈♦✉r ❤✐t❤❡r✖
❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ ❬❤✐s❪ ❜❡♥❡✈♦❧❡♥❝❡✱
s♦ t❤❛t ❢♦r ❛ ♥❡✇ ❜❧❡ss✐♥❣ ■ ❝♦✉❧❞ r♦❧❧ ✭❛s ❛ ❞✐❝❡✮ ❤✐♠
✇❤♦ ❤❛s ❜❡❝♦♠❡ str♦♥❣❡r ✇✐t❤ ❛♥❝✐❡♥t ❤②♠♥s ♦❢ ♣r❛✐s❡✱
✇❤♦ ❬❤❛s ❜❡❝♦♠❡ str♦♥❣❡r❪ ✇✐t❤ ♥❡✇ ♦♥❡s
❛♥❞ ✇✐t❤ t❤♦s❡ ✐♥ ❜❡t✇❡❡♥✳

✸ t❤❛t ✐s✱ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❡❞ ✐♥ ❛ ♣❡rs♦♥

✹ ❂✐♥♥❡r ✐♥s♣✐r❛t✐♦♥
✹✺✽

vivés.a yánmā dhis.án.ā jajā´na

stávai purā´ pā´ryādı́ndramáhnah. |
ám
. haso yátra pı̄páradyáthā no
nāvéva yā´ntamubháye havante || 14 ||

ā´pūrn.o asya kaláśah. svā´hā

sékteva kóśam . sisice pı́badhyai |
sámu priyā´ ā´vavr.tranmádāya
pradaks.in.ı́dabhı́ sómāsa ı́ndram || 15 ||

ná tvā gabhı̄ráh. puruhūta sı́ndhur

nā´drayah. pári .sánto varanta |
itthā´ sákhibhya is.itó yádindrā´
. cidárujo gávyamūrvám || 16 ||
dr...dhám

śunám . huvema maghávānamı́ndram

asmı́nbháre nŕ.tamam . vā´jasātau |
śr.n.vántamugrámūtáye samátsu
ghnántam . vr.trā´n.i sam . dhánānām || 17 ||
. jı́tam
 ✹✺✾

✶✹✳ ❲❤❡♥ t❤❡ ❡✛♦rt t♦ ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❡

❤❛s ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❝♦♥t❛✐♥❡❞ ✐♥ ♠❡✱ ✐t ♣r♦❞✉❝❡❞ ❬❤✐♠❪✳
■ s❤❛❧❧ ❡①t♦❧ Indra ❜❡❢♦r❡ t❤❡ ❡♥❞ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❞❛②✱
✐♥ ✇❤✐❝❤ ❝❛s❡ ❤❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❞❡❧✐✈❡r ❬♠❡❪ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ❛♥①✐❡t②
❧✐❦❡ ❬❤❡ ❞❡❧✐✈❡r❡❞❪ ✉s✳
❚❤❡② ✐♥✈♦❦❡ ❬❤✐♠✱❪ ♠♦✈✐♥❣ ❧✐❦❡ ❛ s❤✐♣
✐♥ ❜♦t❤ ❬t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤ ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥❪✳
✶✺✳ ❍✐s ❣♦❜❧❡t ✐s ✜❧❧✐♥❣ ❬❤✐♠❪ t♦ t❤❡ ❧✐♠✐ts ✖ svā´hā ✦
▲✐❦❡ ❛ r❛✐♥✲❝❧♦✉❞ ❬s♦❛❦s ♠② ❜♦❞②❪✱
■ s♦❛❦❡❞ ❬♠②❪ s✉❜t❧❡ ❜♦❞② ❬❢♦r Indra❪ t♦ ❞r✐♥❦❀
❚♦❣❡t❤❡r ❝❤❡r✐s❤❡❞ ❞r♦♣s ♦❢ Soma t✉r♥❡❞ ❧❡❢t✲t♦✲r✐❣❤t ✺
t♦ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t❡ ❬♠❡❪ ❢♦r Indra✬s s❛❦❡✳
✶✻✳ ◆❡✐t❤❡r ✐♠♣❡♥❡tr❛❜❧❡ r✐✈❡r ♥♦r s✉rr♦✉♥❞✐♥❣ r♦❝❦s
s❤❛❧❧ s✉♣♣r❡ss t❤❡❡✱ ❖ ♠✉❝❤ ✐♥✈♦❦❡❞ ♦♥❡✱
✐♥ ❛s ♠✉❝❤ ❛s t❤♦✉✱ tr✉❧② ❞r✐✈❡♥ ❢♦r ❬t❤②❪ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s✬ s❛❦❡✱
s❤❛tt❡r❡❞ ❡✈❡♥ ✜r♠❧② s❤✉t r❡❧❛t❡❞ t♦ ❝♦✇s ❡①t❡♥s✐✈❡ ❬♣❧❛❝❡ ❪✳ ✻
✶✼✳ ❍❛♣♣✐❧② ✇❡ ❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s Indra ✖
t❤❡ ♠♦st ♠❛♥❧② ✐♥ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ✐s ❜❡❛r✐♥❣ ❬❤✐♠❪
❞✉r✐♥❣ ❣❛✐♥✐♥❣ ❛ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱
❛tt❡♥t✐✈❡ ❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s ✖ t♦ ❤❡❧♣ ✐♥ ❝❧❛s❤❡s
❬✉♣♦♥ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ✐s❪ s✉❜❞✉✐♥❣ Vr.tra✲s✱ ❬✇❤♦ ✐s❪ ❛ ✇✐♥♥❡r ♦❢ ♣r✐③❡s✳

✺t❤❛t ✐s✱ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ✜rst ❢♦♦t♣r✐♥t ♦❢ Vis.n.u t♦ t❤❡ s❡❝♦♥❞

✻ vrajám ✖ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✾✳✶✵✽✳✻❝❞
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✸✳✸✸

Viśvāmitra | ✶✕✶✷ Tris..tubh✱✶✸ Anus..tubh | t♦ Viśvāmitra ❛♥❞ r✐✈❡rs

prá párvatānāmuśat´ı̄ upásthād

áśve iva vı́s.ite hā´samāne |
gā´veva śubhré mātárā rihān.é
vı́pāt. chutudr´ı̄ páyasā javete || 1 ||

ı́ndres.ite prasavám. bhı́ks.amān.e

áchā samudrám . rathyèva yāthah. |
samārān.é ūrmı́bhih. pı́nvamāne
anyā´ vāmanyā´mápyeti śubhre || 2 ||

áchā sı́ndhum . mātŕ.tamāmayāsam .

vı́pāśamurv´ı̄m
. subhágāmaganma |
vatsámiva mātárā sam . rihān.é
samānám . yónimánu sam . cárantı̄ || 3 ||

enā´ vayám . páyasā pı́nvamānā

ánu yónim . devákr.tam. cárantı̄h. |
ná vártave prasaváh. sárgataktah.
kim. yúrvı́pro nadyò johavı̄ti || 4 ||

rámadhvam . me vácase somyā´ya

ŕ.tāvarı̄rúpa muhūrtámévaih. |
prá sı́ndhumáchā br.hat´ı̄ manı̄s.ā´vasyúr
ahve kuśikásya sūnúh. || 5 ||

ı́ndro asmā´m̃
. aradadvájrabāhur
ápāhanvr.trám
. paridhı́m . nad´ı̄nām |
devò ′nayatsavitā´ supān.ı́s
tásya vayám. prasavé yāma urv´ı̄h. || 6 ||
 ✹✻✶

❬P♦❡t✿❪
✶✳ ❋♦rt❤ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ❧❛♣ ♦❢ t❤❡ ♠♦✉♥t❛✐♥s t✇♦ ❡❛❣❡r
❧✐❦❡ t✇♦ r❡❧❡❛s❡❞ r❛❝✐♥❣ ♠❛r❡s✱
❧✐❦❡ t✇♦ ❝♦✇s r❡♣❧❡♥✐s❤✐♥❣ ❬✇✐t❤ t❤❡✐r ♠✐❧❦❪✱
❬❧✐❦❡❪ t✇♦ ❝❛r❡ss✐♥❣ ♠♦t❤❡rs✱
Vipāś ❬❛♥❞❪ Śutudrı̄ ♣r❡ss ❢♦r✇❛r❞s ✇✐t❤ ❬t❤❡✐r❪ ❥✉✐❝❡✳
✶ ✷
✷✳ ❉r✐✈❡♥ ❜② Indra✱ ❞❡s✐r✐♥❣ t♦ ♣❛rt❛❦❡ ✐♥ t❤❡ ✐♠♣✉❧s✐♦♥✱
❧✐❦❡ t✇♦ ❝❤❛r✐♦t❡❡rs ②♦✉ ❥♦✉r♥❡② t♦✇❛r❞s t❤❡ s❡❛ ✳ ✸
❏♦✐♥✐♥❣ t♦❣❡t❤❡r✱ s✇❡❧❧✐♥❣ ❬❡❛❝❤ ♦t❤❡r❪ ✇✐t❤ ✇❛✈❡s✱
♦♥❡ ♦❢ ②♦✉ ❡♥t❡rs ❛♥♦t❤❡r✱ ❬②♦✉❪ t✇♦ r❡♣❧❡♥✐s❤✐♥❣ ❬❡❛❝❤ ♦t❤❡r❪✳
✸✳ ■ ❤❛✈❡ ❥♦✉r♥❡②❡❞ t♦✇❛r❞s t❤❡ ♠♦st ♠♦t❤❡r❧② r✐✈❡r ✱ ✹
■ ❝❛♠❡ t♦ t❤❡ ✇✐❞❡ ❤✐❣❤❧② ❢❛✈♦✉r❡❞ Vipāś❀
❧✐❦❡ t✇♦ ♠♦t❤❡rs ❧✐❝❦✐♥❣ ❛ ❝❛❧❢✱
❬t❤❡② ❜♦t❤ ❛r❡❪ r♦❛♠✐♥❣ ❛❧♦♥❣ t❤❡ s❛♠❡ ✇♦♠❜✳
❬❘✐✈❡rs✿❪
✹✳ ❍❡r❡ ✇❡✱ s✇❡❧❧✐♥❣ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ✢✉✐❞✱
r♦❛♠ ❛❧♦♥❣ ❝r❡❛t❡❞ ❜② deva ✇♦♠❜ ✺
❚❤❡ ✐♠♣✉❧s✐♦♥ ❬t❤❛t ✐s ❧✐❦❡❪ ❛ ❞♦✇♥♣♦✉r ❛❧♦♥❣ st❡❡♣ s❧♦♣❡
✐s ♥♦t t♦ ❜❡ ♦❜str✉❝t❡❞✳
❙❡❡❦✐♥❣ ✇❤❛t ❛♥ ✐♥s♣✐r❡❞ ♦♥❡ r❡♣❡❛t❡❞❧② ❝❛❧❧s
✉♣♦♥ ✢♦✇✐♥❣ ✇❛t❡rs❄
❬P♦❡t✿❪
✺✳ ❈❛❧♠ ②♦✉rs❡❧✈❡s ❢♦r ♠❡ ❢♦r ❛ s❤♦rt t✐♠❡✱
❬t❤♦✉❣❤❪ ✐♥ ❞✐✛❡r❡♥t ✇❛②s✱
❢♦r t❤❡ ❝♦♥t❛✐♥✐♥❣✲Soma s♣❡❡❝❤✱ ❖ ❢✉❧❧ ♦❢ .rta ♦♥❡s✦
❬▼②❪ ✇✐❞❡✲r❛♥❣✐♥❣ ❝♦♥❝❡♣t✐♦♥ ❬✐s ❜r♦✉❣❤t❪ ❢♦r✇❛r❞
t♦✇❛r❞s Sindhu ✳ ✻
❙❡❡❦✐♥❣ ❤❡❧♣✱ ■✱ s♦♥ ♦❢ Kuśika✱ ❤❛✈❡ ❝❛❧❧❡❞ ✉♣♦♥ ❬②♦✉❪✳
❬❘✐✈❡rs✿❪
✻✳ Indra✱ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲✐♥✲❛r♠s✱ ❧❡❛❞ ✉s ❬✐♥t♦ ❛ ❝❤❛♥♥❡❧❪
❤❡ ✇❛r❞❡❞ ♦✛ Vr.tra ✖ ❛ ✇❛❧❧ ❢♦r ✢♦✇✐♥❣ ✇❛t❡rs✳
❚❤❡ deva✱ t❤❡ ✐♠♣❡❧❧❡r✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❣♦♦❞ ❤❛♥❞s✱ ❣✉✐❞❡❞ ❬✉s❪❀
❞✉r✐♥❣ ❤✐s ✐♠♣✉❧s✐♦♥ ✇❡ ❥♦✉r♥❡② ❬❜❡✐♥❣❪ ✇✐❞❡ ✳ ✼

✶ t❤❡ ❞r✐✈❡ t♦ ❝❧❡❛r t❤❡ s♣❛❝❡ ✇✐t❤✐♥ ❛♥❞ t❤❡ s♣❛❝❡ ✇✐t❤♦✉t ❢r♦♠ ❝♦♥str❛✐♥ts
✷ ❂ ❜❧♦♦❞ str❡❛♠ ✐♥ t❤❡ ❜♦❞②
✸ t❤❡ s♣❛❝❡ ♦❢ ❤❡❛rt
✹ t❤❛t ✐s✱ ❤❡ s✐❣♥✐✜❝❛♥t❧② r❛✐s❡❞ ❤✐s ❜❧♦♦❞ ♣r❡ss✉r❡ ❛♥❞ ❢❛st❡♥❡❞ t❤❡ ♣✉❧s❡
✺ ❧✐❦❡ ❛ r✐✈❡r❜❡❞ ✖ ❛ ♥♦r♠❛❧ ❝♦✉rs❡
✻ t❤❡ ✢♦✇ ♦❢ sus.umnā
✼ t❤❛t ✐s✱ s♣r❡❛❞✐♥❣ ❜❡②♦♥❞ ❝♦♥str❛✐♥✐♥❣ r✐✈❡r❜❡❞s
✹✻✷

pravā´cyam . śaśvadhā´ vı̄ryàm. tadindrasya

kárma yádáhim . vivr
. ścát |
vı́ vájren.a paris.ádo
jaghānā´yannā´pó ′yanamichámānāh. || 7 ||

etádváco jaritarmā´pi mr..s.thā

ā´ yátte ghós.ānúttarā yugā´ni |
ukthés.u kāro práti no jus.asva
mā´ no nı́ kah. purus.atrā´ námaste || 8 ||

ó .sú svasārah. kāráve śr.n.ota

yayau ´ vo dūrā´dánasā ráthena |
nı́ .sū´ namadhvam . bhávatā supārā´
adho .aks.ā´h. sindhavah. srotyā´bhih. || 9 ||

ā´ te kāro śr.n.avāmā vácām

. si
yayā´tha dūrā´dánasā ráthena |
nı́ te nam . sai pı̄pyānéva yós.ā
máryāyeva kanyā` śaśvacaı ´ te || 10 ||

yádaṅgá tvā bharatā´h. sam. táreyur

gavyángrā´ma is.itá ı́ndrajūtah. |
árs.ādáha prasaváh. sárgatakta
ā´ vo vr.n.e sumatı́m. yajñı́yānām || 11 ||
 ✹✻✸

✼✳ ❚♦ ❜❡ ♣r♦❝❧❛✐♠❡❞ ❛❣❛✐♥ ❛♥❞ ❛❣❛✐♥ ❬✐s❪ t❤❡ ❞❡❡❞ ♦❢ ✈❛❧♦r

t❤❛t ✐s Indra✬s ❛❝t✐♦♥ ✇❤❡♥ ❤❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❤❡✇ ✐♥t♦ ♣✐❡❝❡s t❤❡ s♥❛❦❡❀
✇✐t❤ t❤❡ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t ❤❡ ❞✐s♣❡rs❡❞ s✉rr♦✉♥❞✐♥❣ ❬✇❛❧❧s❪ ✖
❡♥❞❡❛✈♦r✐♥❣✲t♦✲♦❜t❛✐♥✲❝✐r❝✉❧❛t✐♦♥ ✇❛t❡rs s❡t ♦✉t✳
✽✳ ❆♥❞ ❞♦ ♥♦t ❢♦r❣❡t t❤✐s s♣❡❡❝❤✱ ❖ ✐♥✈♦❦❡r✱
s♦ t❤❛t s✉❜s❡q✉❡♥t ❣❡♥❡r❛t✐♦♥s ✇♦✉❧❞ ✐♥✈✐t❡ t❤❡❡ ✖
❢❛✈♦✉r ✉s✱ ❖ s✐♥❣❡r ♦❢ ❡✉❧♦❣✐❡s✱ ✇✐t❤ r❡❝✐t❡❞ ✈❡rs❡s✱
❞♦ ♥♦t s✉❜❞✉❡ ✉s ❛❢t❡r t❤❡ ♠❛♥♥❡r ♦❢ ♠❡♥ ✖
❬t❤❛t ✐s❪ t❤② ❛❞♦r❛t✐♦♥ ❬♦❢ ✉s❪✦
❬P♦❡t✿❪
✾✳ ❖ s✐st❡rs✦ ▲✐st❡♥ ✇❡❧❧ ❢♦r ❬t❤✐s❪ s✐♥❣❡r✬s s❛❦❡✦
■ tr❛✈❡❧❡❞ t♦ ②♦✉ ❢r♦♠ ❛❢❛r ❜② ❝❛rt ❬❛♥❞❪ ❜② ❝❤❛r✐♦t ✖
②✐❡❧❞ ❡❛s✐❧②✱ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❣✐✈✐♥❣ ❛♥ ❡❛s② ♣❛ss❛❣❡✱
❬❜❡❪ ❜❡❧♦✇✲t❤❡✲❛①❧❡ ✇✐t❤ ②♦✉r ❝✉rr❡♥ts✳
✽
❬❘✐✈❡r Vipāś✿❪
✶✵✳ ❲❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❧✐st❡♥ t♦ t❤②✱ ❖ s✐♥❣❡r ♦❢ ❡✉❧♦❣✐❡s✱ s♣❡❡❝❤❡s ✖
t❤♦✉ ❥♦✉r♥❡②❡❞ ❢r♦♠ ❛❢❛r ✇✐t❤ ❛ ❝❛rt ❬❛♥❞❪ ❛ ❝❤❛r✐♦t✳
❬❲❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❧✐st❡♥❪ s♦ t❤❛t ■ ✇♦✉❧❞ ②✐❡❧❞ t♦ t❤❡❡
❧✐❦❡ ❛♥ ❡①✉❜❡r❛♥t ♠❛✐❞❡♥✱
s♦ t❤❛t ■ r❡❝❡✐✈❡ t❤❡❡ ✇✐t❤ ♦♣❡♥ ❛r♠s
❧✐❦❡ ❛ ❣✐r❧ ✇♦✉❧❞ ❛ ②♦✉♥❣ ♠❛♥✳
❬P♦❡t✿❪
✶✶✳ ❙♦ t❤❛t t❤❡② ✇❤♦ ❛r❡ ♠❛✐♥t❛✐♥❡❞ ❬❜② ②♦✉❪ ✖
t❤❡ tr♦♦♣ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② ❝♦✇s ✱ ✾
❞r✐✈❡♥✱ ✐♠♣❡❧❧❡❞ ❜② Indra✱ ❝♦✉❧❞ ❝r♦ss t❤❡❡❀
s❤♦✉❧❞ t❤❡ ✐♠♣✉❧s✐♦♥ ❬t❤❛t ✐s ❧✐❦❡❪ ❛ ❞♦✇♥♣♦✉r ❛❧♦♥❣ st❡❡♣ s❧♦♣❡
tr✉❧② ❜r✐♥❣ ❜② ✢♦✇✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡ ✢♦♦❞✐♥❣ ✇❛t❡rs❪✱
■ ✇♦✉❧❞ r❡❧② ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❡♥❡✈♦❧❡♥❝❡ ♦❢ ②♦✉✱
♦❢ ✇♦rt❤②✲♦❢✲❛✲s❛❝r✐✜❝❡ ♦♥❡s✳
✖✖

✽ t❤❛t ✐s✱ ❞♦ ♥♦t ❧❡t t❤❡ ♣✉❧s❡ ♣♦✉♥❞ ❛t t❡♠♣♦r❛❧ ❜♦♥❡s

✾ ❂ ✏❬s✉❝❤❪ ✇♦r❞s✑
✹✻✹

átāris.urbharatā´ gavyávah. sám

ábhakta vı́prah. sumatı́m . nad´ı̄nām |
prá pinvadhvamis.áyantı̄h. surā´dhā
ā´ vaks.án.āh. pr.n.ádhvam
. yātá ś´ı̄bham || 12 ||

údva ūrmı́h. śámyā hantvā´po yóktrān.i muñcata |

mā´dus.kr.tau vyènasāghnyau ´ śū´namā´ratām || 13 ||
 ✹✻✺

✶✷✳ ❚❤❡② ✇❤♦ ❛r❡ ♠❛✐♥t❛✐♥❡❞ ❬❜② r✐✈❡rs❪✱ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ ❝♦✇s✱

❤❛✈❡ ❝♦♠♣❧❡t❡❧② ❝r♦ss❡❞✱
t❤❡ ✐♥s♣✐r❡❞ ♦♥❡ ❤❛s t❛st❡❞ t❤❡ ❜❡♥❡✈♦❧❡♥❝❡
♦❢ t❤❡ ✢♦✇✐♥❣ ✇❛t❡rs❀
s✇❡❧❧ ❢✉❧❧✱ ❬②❡❪ r❡❢r❡s❤✐♥❣✱ ✇❡❧❧✲s❛t✐s❢②✐♥❣✱
✜❧❧ ✉♣ ❬②♦✉❪ ❜r❡❛sts✱ ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤ q✉✐❝❦❧②✦
✶✸✳ ▼❛② ②♦✉r ✇❛✈❡ ❦♥♦❝❦ ♦✉t t❤❡ ②♦❦❡✲♣✐♥s✦
❖ ✇❛t❡rs✱ ❧♦♦s❡ t❤❡ t❤♦♥❣s✦
▼❛② ♥♦t t❤❡ t✇♦ ♦①❡♥ t❤❛t ❛r❡ ♥♦t ❞♦✐♥❣ ❡✈✐❧✱ ❣✉✐❧t❧❡ss
✶✵
❛r✐s❡ ❢♦r ♥♦t❤✐♥❣ ✦✶✶

❚❤❡ ♣♦❡t ♦❢ t❤✐s ❤②♠♥ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s ❝♦♠❡s t♦ ❛ ❢❛st

✢♦✇✐♥❣ t✉r❜✉❧❡♥t str❡❛♠ t♦ ❝r♦ss✳ ❋♦r❣✐♥❣ s✉❝❤ r✐✈❡r ✐s ❞❛♥❣❡r✲
♦✉s ✐♥ ♣❛rt ❜❡❝❛✉s❡ t❤❡ ❜♦❞②✬s ❛♥❞ ♠✐♥❞✬s r❡❛❝t✐♦♥s ❝♦✉❧❞ ♠❛❦❡ ✐t
♠♦r❡ ♣r♦♥❡ t♦ ❛♥ ❛❝❝✐❞❡♥t✳ ■♥st✐♥❝ts ♠✐❣❤t ❜❡ ✇r♦♥❣ ♦r ❦✐❝❦ ✐♥ ❛t
❛ ✇r♦♥❣ ♠♦♠❡♥t✱ ♠✉s❝❧❡s ❝♦✉❧❞ ❝r❛♠♣ ♦r ❜❡❝♦♠❡ st✐✛✱ t♦♦ ♠✉❝❤
❛❞r❡♥❛❧✐♥❡ ✐♥ ❜❧♦♦❞ ❝♦✉❧❞ ❝❧♦✉❞ t❤❡ ❥✉❞❣♠❡♥t✱ ❡t❝✳ ❚❤❡r❡❢♦r❡✱ t❤❡
♣♦❡t ❛s❦s ✐♥♥❡r r✐✈❡rs ❛s ✐❢ t♦ ❝❛❧♠✱ s♦ t❤❛t t❤❡✐r ✢♦✇s ♠✐❣❤t ❜❡
❜❡tt❡r ✜tt✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❝✐r❝✉♠st❛♥❝❡s✳ P❛rt✐❝✉❧❛r❧②✱ ❤❡ ❞❡s✐r❡s Vipāś ✉♥✲
❧❡❛s❤❡❞ ❜② Indra ✖ t❤❡ ✢♦✇ ♦❢ ✇❤✐❝❤ ✐s s❡❡♥ ❛s ❛ ❞r✐✈❡ t♦ ❣❡t r✐❞ ♦❢
❝♦♥str❛✐♥ts ✖ t♦ ❧❡ss❡♥ ✐ts str❡♥❣t❤✳ ❚❤❡ ✐♥♥❡r r✐✈❡rs ✐♥str✉❝t ❤✐♠
♥♦t t♦ s✉♣♣r❡ss t❤❡♠ ✖ ✇❤✐❝❤ s✉♣♣r❡ss✐♦♥ ✐s ❛ ❝♦♠♠♦♥ ❛tt✐t✉❞❡
❛♠♦♥❣ ♠❡♥ ✖ ❜✉t t♦ ❞❡❧✐❣❤t ✐♥ t❤❡✐r ✢♦✇ ❜② r❡❝✐t✐♥❣ ✈❡rs❡s ✇❤✐❝❤
r❡s✉❧ts ✐♥ ❜r✐♥❣✐♥❣ t❤❡✐r ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❛t✐♦♥s t♦ ❝♦♥s❝✐♦✉s♥❡ss ❛♥❞ ❜❡✐♥❣
❛✇❛r❡ ♦❢ t❤❡♠✳ ❇② ❜❡✐♥❣ ❝♦♥s❝✐♦✉s ♦❢ ❛♥❞ ❛tt❡♥t✐✈❡ t♦ ✢♦✇s ♦❢
t❤❡ r✐✈❡r t❤❡② ❛r❡ ❝r♦ss✐♥❣ ❛♥❞ ♦❢ ✐♥♥❡r r✐✈❡rs t❤❛t ❝♦♥✜❣✉r❡ t❤❡✐r
❜♦❞✐❡s ❛♥❞ ♠✐♥❞s ❢♦r t❤❡ t❛s❦✱ t❤❡ ♣♦❡t ❛♥❞ ❤✐s ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s s✉❝✲
❝❡ss❢✉❧❧② r❡❛❝❤ t❤❡ ♦t❤❡r s✐❞❡✳ ❆s s♦♦♥ ❛s t❤❛t ❤❛♣♣❡♥s✱ t❤❡ ♣♦❡t
✇✐s❤❡s t❤❛t ✐♥♥❡r r✐✈❡rs ❣❛✐♥ ❢✉❧❧ str❡♥❣t❤s ❛♥❞ r❡❢r❡s❤✱ ❝❧❡❛♥s❡✱ ❛♥❞
♥✉rt✉r❡ t❤❡ ♠❡♥✬s ❜♦❞✐❡s ❛♥❞ ♠✐♥❞s s♦ t❤❛t t❤❡② ❝❛♥ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❧✐s❤
✇❤❛t t❤❡② ❝r♦ss❡❞ t❤❡ r✐✈❡r ❢♦r ✖ ❧✐❦❡❧② ❛ ♠✐❧✐t❛r② r❛✐❞✳

✶✵ ❧✐❦❡❧② Indra ❛♥❞ Soma

✶✶ ❧✐t✳ ✏t♦✇❛r❞s ❡♠♣t✐♥❡ss✑
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✸✳✸✹

Viśvāmitra | Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra

ı́ndrah. pūrbhı́dā´tiraddā´samarkáırvidádvasurdáyamāno vı́ śátrūn |

bráhmajūtastanvā` vāvr.dhānó bhū´ridātra ā´pr.n.adródası̄ ubhé || 1 ||

makhásya te tavis.ásya prá jūtı́mı́yarmi vā´camamŕ.tāya bhū´.san |

ı́ndra ks.itı̄nā´masi mā´nus.ı̄n.ām
. viśā´m
. dáıvı̄nāmutá pūrvayā´vā || 2 ||

ı́ndro vr.trámavr.n.ochárdhanı̄tih. prá māyı́nāmaminādvárpan.ı̄tih. |

áhanvyàm . samuśádhagvánes.vāvı́rdhénā akr.n.odrāmyā´n.ām || 3 ||

ı́ndrah. svars.ā´ janáyannáhāni jigā´yośı́gbhih. pŕ.tanā abhis..tı́h. |

prā´rocayanmánave ketúmáhnāmávindajjyótirbr.haté rán.āya || 4 ||

ı́ndrastújo barhán.ā ā´ viveśa nr.váddádhāno náryā purū´n.i |

ácetayaddhı́ya imā´ jaritré prémám . várn.amatirachukrámāsām || 5 ||

mahó mahā´ni panayantyasyéndrasya kárma súkr.tā purū´n.i |

vr.jánena vr.jinā´nsám
. pipes.a māyā´bhirdásyūm̃
. rabhı́bhūtyojāh. || 6 ||
 ✹✻✼

✶✳ ❬❆♥❪ Indra✱ ❛ ❜r❡❛❦❡r ♦❢ str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞s✱

✉s✐♥❣ ❤②♠♥s ♦❢ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t✐♦♥✱ ♦✈❡r❝❛♠❡ t❤❡ s❛✈❛❣❡❀
✜♥❞✐♥❣ ✇❤❛t✬s ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧✱ ❬❤❡ ✐s❪ s❡✈❡r✐♥❣ ❢♦❡s❀
✐♠♣❡❧❧❡❞ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ s❛❝r❡❞ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛
❬Indra❪ ✐s ❜❡❝♦♠✐♥❣ str♦♥❣❡r t❤r♦✉❣❤♦✉t t❤❡ ❜♦❞②❀
❡♥❞♦✇❡❞ r✐❝❤❧②✱ ❤❡ ✜❧❧❡❞ ✉♣ ❜♦t❤ Rodas✲❡s✳
✷✳ ❙❡❡❦✐♥❣ t♦ ♦❜t❛✐♥ ❢♦r t❤❡ ✐♠♠♦rt❛❧ ♦♥❡
❛♥ ✐♥st✐❣❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ t❤② ✐♥✲❝♦♥tr♦❧ ✜❣❤t✐♥❣ s♣✐r✐t✱
■ r♦✉s❡ ❢♦rt❤ t❤✐s s♣❡❡❝❤✳
❖ Indra✱ t❤♦✉ ❛r❡ t❤❡ ❧❡❛❞❡r
♦❢ ❤✉♠❛♥ ❞♦♠❛✐♥s ❛♥❞ ❝❡❧❡st✐❛❧ tr✐❜❡s✳
✸✳ Indra✱ ❧❡❛❞✐♥❣ ❛ s✇❛r♠ ❬♦❢ Marut✲s❪✱ ✇❛r❞❡❞ ♦✛ Vr.tra❀
t❛❦✐♥❣ ❛ ♣r❡t❡♥❞❡❞ ❢♦r♠ ❤❡ ❢r✉str❛t❡❞
t❤♦s❡ t❤❛t ❤❛✈❡ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝♦♥✜❣✉r❡ ❬♣❡r❝❡♣t✐♦♥s❪✳
❍❡✱ ❜✉r♥✐♥❣ ✇✐t❤ ❞❡s✐r❡ ♠✐❞st ❬♦t❤❡r❪ ❞❡s✐r❡s✱
s❧❛②❡❞ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ❤❛s ♥♦ s❤♦✉❧❞❡r❜❧❛❞❡s❀
❤❡ ♠❛❞❡ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st ♥♦✉r✐s❤✐♥❣ str❡❛♠s
✶ ♦❢ ♥✐❣❤ts✳
✹✳ Indra✱ ❣❛✐♥✐♥❣ svàr✱ ❡♥❣❡♥❞❡r✐♥❣ ❬❛❝t✐✈✐t✐❡s ♦❢ ❪ ❞❛②s✱
t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ t❤♦s❡ ✇❤♦ str✐✈❡ ❡❛r♥❡st❧②
❤❡✱ ❛ss✐st✐♥❣✱ ❤❛s ✇♦♥ ❜❛tt❧❡s✳
❋♦r ❛♥ ✐♥t❡❧❧✐❣❡♥t ♠❛♥ ❤❡ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t❡❞ t❤❡ ❢♦❝❛❧ ♣♦✐♥t ♦❢ t❤❡ ❞❛②s✱
t♦ ❬♦✉r❪ ❣r❡❛t ❞❡❧✐❣❤t ❤❡ ❢♦✉♥❞ t❤❡ ❧✐❣❤t✳
✺✳ Indra ❡♥t❡r❡❞ ✏♣✉❧❧✐♥❣✲♦✉t✑ ♠❛t❝❤❡s
s❡✐③✐♥❣ ♠❛♥✲❧✐❦❡ ♠❛♥② s✉✐t❛❜❧❡✲❢♦r✲❛✲♠❛♥ ❬♣r✐③❡s❪✳
❍❡ r❡♠✐♥❞❡❞ t♦ t❤❡ ♣r❛✐s❡r t❤❡s❡ ✈✐s✐♦♥s✱
❤❡ ✇❡♥t ❜❡②♦♥❞ t❤✐s t❤❡✐r tr❛♥s♣❛r❡♥t ♦✉t✇❛r❞ ❛♣♣❡❛r❛♥❝❡✳
✻✳ ▼✐❣❤t② ❬❞❡❡❞s❪ ♦❢ t❤✐s ♦♥❡ ♠❛❦❡ ❬t❤❡♠ ❪
✷
t♦ ❣r❡❛t❧② ❡①♣r❡ss ❛❞♠✐r❛t✐♦♥ ❬♦❢ t❤❡♠ ❪ ✖
✸
Indra✬s r✐t❡ ❬✐s❪ ♠❛♥② ✇❡❧❧✲♣❡r❢♦r♠❡❞ ❬❛❝t✐♦♥s❪✳
❯s✐♥❣ ❞❡❝❡✐t ❤❡ ❤❛s s❤❛tt❡r❡❞ t❤❡ ❞❡❝❡✐t❢✉❧ ❬st❛t❡s ♦❢ ♠✐♥❞❪✱
✉s✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡rs ♦❢ ❢r❛♠✐♥❣ ❬❤❡ ❤❛s ❝r✉s❤❡❞❪
✐♠♣✉❧s❡s t♦ s✉✛❡r ✇❛♥t✱ ❬❤❡ ✇❤♦ ❤❛s❪ ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ ✈✐❣♦✉r✳

✶ ❧✐t✳ ✏♠✐❧❝❤✲❝♦✇s✑
✷ t❤❡ ✈✐s✐♦♥s ♣✉t ✐♥t♦ ✈❡rs❡s
✸ t❤❡ ❞❡❡❞s
✹✻✽

yudhéndro mahnā´ várivaścakāra

devébhyah. sátpatiścars.an.iprā´h. |
vivásvatah. sádane asya tā´ni
vı́prā ukthébhih. kaváyo gr.n.anti || 7 ||

satrāsā´ham . váren.yam . sahodā´m .

´
sasavām . sam. svàrapáśca dev´ı̄h. |
sasā´na yáh. pr.thiv´ı̄m
. dyā´mutémā´m
ı́ndram. madantyánu dh´ı̄ran.āsah. || 8 ||

sasā´nā´tyām̃
. utá sū´ryam. sasānéndrah.
sasāna purubhójasam . ā´m |
g
hiran.yáyamutá bhógam . sasāna
hatv´ı̄ dásyūnprā´ryam . várn.amāvat || 9 ||

ı́ndra ós.adhı̄rasanodáhāni
. rasanodantáriks.am |
vánaspátı̄m̃
′
bibhéda valám . nunudé vı́vācó thābhavad
damitā´bhı́kratūnām || 10 ||

śunám . huvema maghávānamı́ndram

asmı́nbháre nŕ.tamam . vā´jasātau |
śr.n.vántamugrámūtáye samátsu
ghnántam . vr.trā´n.i sam . dhánānām || 11 ||
. jı́tam
 ✹✻✾

✼✳ ❚❤r♦✉❣❤ ✜❣❤t✐♥❣✱ t❤r♦✉❣❤ ❡①❝❡ss✐✈❡♥❡ss✱

Indra ❝r❡❛t❡❞ ♠❡♥t❛❧ s♣❛❝❡ ❢♦r deva✲s❀
❛♥ ♦✈❡rs❡❡r ♦❢ ✇❤❛t✬s r❡❛❧✱ ❬❤❡ ✐s❪ ✜❧❧✐♥❣ ❬✇✐t❤ ✇❤❛t✬s r❡❛❧❪
t❤♦s❡ t❤❛t ❞r❛✇ t♦ t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s ✳
✹
❆t t❤❡ s❡❛t ♦❢ Vivásvat ✐♥s♣✐r❡❞ ♣♦❡ts
❡①t♦❧ ✇✐t❤ r❡❝✐t❡❞ ✈❡rs❡s t❤❡s❡ ❤✐s ❬❞❡❡❞s❪✳
✽✳ ❬❖✈❡r ❤✐♠✱❪ ♣r❡✈❛✐❧✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❡✈❡r② ✇❛②✱
t♦ ❜❡ ♣r❡❢❡rr❡❞ ❬t♦ ❛❧❧ ♦t❤❡rs❪✱
❣✐✈✐♥❣ ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ str❡♥❣t❤✱
❬♦✈❡r ❤✐♠✱❪ ✇❤♦ ❤❛s ❣❛✐♥❡❞ svàr✱ ✇❛t❡rs ❛♥❞ devı̄✲s✱
✇❤♦ ❤❛s ❣❛✐♥❡❞ t❤✐s ❊❛rt❤ ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ✖
t❤❡②✱ ✇❤♦ ❞❡❧✐❣❤t ✐♥ ❬t❤❡s❡❪ ✈✐s✐♦♥s✱ r❡❥♦✐❝❡ ♦✈❡r Indra✳
✾✳ ❍❡ ❤❛s ❣❛✐♥❡❞ st❡❡❞s ❛♥❞ ❤❡ ❤❛s ❣❛✐♥❡❞ t❤❡ s✉♥
Indra ❤❛s ❣❛✐♥❡❞ ❛ ♠✉❝❤✲♥♦✉r✐s❤✐♥❣ ❝♦✇
❤❡ ❤❛s ❣❛✐♥❡❞ ❡♥❝❤❛♥t✐♥❣ ❡♥❥♦②♠❡♥t✳
❍❛✈✐♥❣ s❧❛②❡❞ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡s t♦ s✉✛❡r ✇❛♥t✱
❤❡ ❡♥❛❜❧❡❞ ✏❝♦♥❞✉❝t✐♥❣ ✉♣✇❛r❞s✑ ❢♦r♠✳
✶✵✳ ❬❆♥❪ Indra ❬✐s ❤❡ ✇❤♦❪ ♣r♦❝✉r❡❞ ❤❡r❜s✱
✇❤♦ ♦✈❡rs❡❡s ❬❛❝t✐✈✐t✐❡s ♦❢ ❪ ❞❛②s
✇❤♦ ❣❛✐♥❡❞ t❤♦s❡ ✇❤♦ ❛r❡ ❣♦✈❡r♥❡❞ ❜② ❛ ♠♦t✐✈❡✱
❛♥❞ ✇❤♦ ❣❛✐♥❡❞ t❤❡ ♠✐❞❞❧❡ s♣❛❝❡✳
❍❡ ❤❛s r❡♥❞ ❛s✉♥❞❡r t❤❡ ❝❛✈❡r♥✱ ❤❡ ♣✉s❤❡❞ ❬❛s✐❞❡❪ t❤♦s❡
✇❤♦ ♠❛❦❡ ❞✐✈❡r❣✐♥❣ st❛t❡♠❡♥ts ✖
t❤❡♥ ❤❡ ❜❡❝❛♠❡ ❛ t❛♠❡r ♦❢ s❝❤❡♠✐♥❣ ❬❢♦❧❦s❪✳
✶✶✳ ❍❛♣♣✐❧② ✇❡ ❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s Indra ✖
t❤❡ ♠♦st ♠❛♥❧② ✐♥ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ✐s ❜❡❛r✐♥❣ ❬❤✐♠❪
❞✉r✐♥❣ ❣❛✐♥✐♥❣ ❛ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱
❛tt❡♥t✐✈❡ ❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s ✖ t♦ ❤❡❧♣ ✐♥ ❝❧❛s❤❡s
❬✉♣♦♥ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ✐s❪ s✉❜❞✉✐♥❣ Vr.tra✲s✱ ❬✇❤♦ ✐s❪ ❛ ✇✐♥♥❡r ♦❢ ♣r✐③❡s✳

✹ s❡♥s❡s
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✸✳✸✺

Viśvāmitra | Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra

tı́s..thā hárı̄ rátha ā´ yujyámānā yāhı́ vāyúrná niyúto no ácha |

pı́bāsyándho abhı́sr..s.to asmé ı́ndra svā´hā rarimā´ te mádāya || 1 ||

úpājirā´ puruhūtā´ya sáptı̄

hárı̄ ráthasya dhūrs.vā´ yunajmi |
dravádyáthā sámbhr.tam . viśvátaścid
úpemám . yajñám ´
ā vahāta ı́ndram || 2 ||

úpo nayasva vŕ..san.ā tapus.pótémava tvám . vr..sabha svadhāvah. |

grásetāmáśvā vı́ mucehá śón.ā divédive sadŕ.śı̄raddhi dhānā´h. || 3 ||

bráhman.ā te brahmayújā yunajmi

hárı̄ sákhāyā sadhamā´da āśū´ |
sthirám . rátham . sukhámindrādhitı́s..than
prajānánvidvā´m̃. úpa yāhi sómam || 4 ||

mā´ te hárı̄ vŕ..san.ā vı̄tápr..s.thā

nı́ rı̄ramanyájamānāso anyé |
atyā´yāhi śáśvato vayám ′
. té ram .
sutébhih. kr.n.avāma sómaih. || 5 ||

. sómastváméhyarvā´ṅ
távāyám
chaśvattamám . sumánā asyá pāhi |
asmı́nyajñé barhı́s.yā´ nis.ádyā
dadhis.vémám. jat.hára ı́ndumindra || 6 ||

stı̄rn.ám
. te barhı́h. sutá indra sómah.
kr.tā´ dhānā´ áttave te háribhyām |
tádokase puruśā´kāya vŕ..sn.e
marútvate túbhyam . rātā´ hav´ı̄m
. .si || 7 ||

imám. nárah. párvatāstúbhyamā´pah.

sámindra góbhirmádhumantamakran |
tásyāgátyā sumánā .r.sva pāhi
prajānánvidvā´npathyā` ánu svā´h. || 8 ||
 ✹✼✶

✶✳ ❘❡s♦rt t♦ t✇♦ ❜❡✐♥❣ ❤❛r♥❡ss❡❞ ✐♥t♦ ❛ ❝❤❛r✐♦t t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s✱

❬t❤❡♥❪ tr❛✈❡❧ ❧✐❦❡ t❤❡ ✇✐♥❞ t♦✇❛r❞s ♦✉r s❡r✐❡s ♦❢ ✈❡rs❡s✱
s♦ t❤❛t t❤♦✉ ✇♦✉❧❞ ❞r✐♥❦ t❤❡ ❤❡r❜✱ ❖ Indra✱ svā´hā✦
❬t❤❛t❪ ✇❡ ❤❛✈❡ ❣r❛♥t❡❞ ❢♦r t❤② ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t✐♦♥✳
✷✳ ▼♦r❡♦✈❡r✱ ❢♦r t❤❡ ♠✉❝❤ ✐♥✈♦❦❡❞ ♦♥❡ t✇♦ ❛❣✐❧❡ ❝♦✉rs❡rs✱
t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s
■ ②♦❦❡ ✐♥t♦ ❤❛r♥❡ss ♦❢ t❤❡ ❝❤❛r✐♦t✳
s♦ t❤❛t ❥✉st ❛s q✉✐❝❦❧② t❤❡② ✇✐❧❧ ❝♦♥✈❡② Indra t♦ t❤✐s✱
✐♥ ❡✈❡r② ✇❛② ♣r❡♣❛r❡❞✱ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡✳
✸✳ ▲❡❛❞ ♥❡❛r t✇♦ ❜✉❧❧s✱ ♣r♦t❡❝t♦rs ♦❢ t❤❡ ❤❡❛t✱
❛♥❞ ❞♦ t❤♦✉ ❤❡❧♣ ❬t❤❡♠❪✱ ❖ r❡s❡♠❜❧✐♥❣ ❛ ❜✉❧❧✱
s❡❧❢✲❞❡t❡r♠✐♥✐♥❣ ♦♥❡✦
❬❚❤❡s❡ t✇♦❪ ❤♦rs❡s s❤❛❧❧ t❛❦❡ ✐♥t♦ t❤❡ ♠♦✉t❤ ❬s♦♠❡ ❢♦♦❞❪✳
❙❡t ❤❡r❡ ❢r❡❡ t❤❡ t✇♦ r❡❞❞✐s❤ ♦♥❡s✳
❊✈❡r② ❞❛② ❡❛t s✐♠✐❧❛r ❣r❛✐♥s✦
✹✳ ❲✐t❤ ❛ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥ ■ ②♦❦❡ t❤② t✇♦
t♦✲❜❡✲②♦❦❡❞✲❜②✲❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s✱
❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s ❛t ❛ ❞r✐♥❦✐♥❣ ❜♦✉t✱ s✇✐❢t ♦♥❡s✳
❖ Indra✱ st❛♥❞✐♥❣ ♦♥ st✉r❞② ✇❡❧❧✲♥❛✈❡❞ ❝❤❛r✐♦t✱
❛♥t✐❝✐♣❛t✐♥❣ ❬❞r✐♥❦✐♥❣❪✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❢♦✉♥❞ ❬t❤❡ ✇❛②❪✱
❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤ Soma ❬t♦ ❞r✐♥❦ ✐t❪✳
✺✳ ▼❛② ♥♦t ♦t❤❡r s❛❝r✐✜❝❡rs ❞❡t❛✐♥
t❤② t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ❤❛✈✐♥❣ s♠♦♦t❤ ❜❛❝❦ ❜✉❧❧s✦
❇②♣❛ss ❬t❤❡♠ ✇❤♦ ❛r❡❪ ♥✉♠❡r♦✉s✦ ❲❡ s❤❛❧❧ ♠❛❦❡ ❬✐t❪
s✉✐t❛❜❧❡ ❢♦r t❤❡❡ ✇✐t❤ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ Soma ❥✉✐❝❡s✳
✻✳ ❚❤② ❬✐s❪ t❤✐s Soma✱ t❤♦✉✱ ❝♦♠✐♥❣ ❤✐t❤❡r✇❛r❞✱ ❞♦ ❝♦♠❡✦
❖♥❝❡ ♠♦r❡✱ ✇❡❧❧✲❞✐s♣♦s❡❞ ❢♦r t❤✐s ❬Soma❪✱ ❞r✐♥❦ ❬✐t❪✦
❍❛✈✐♥❣ s❡tt❧❡❞ ♦♥t♦ s❛❝r✐✜❝✐❛❧ ❣r❛ss ❞✉r✐♥❣ t❤✐s s❛❝r✐✜❝❡✱
♣✉t t❤✐s ❞r♦♣✶ ♦❢ ♣✉r❡ Soma ✐♥t♦ ❬t❤②❪ ❜❡❧❧②✱ ❖ Indra✦
✼✳ ❚❤❡ s❛❝r✐✜❝✐❛❧ ❣r❛ss ❬✐s❪ str❡✇♥ ❢♦r t❤❡❡✱
❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❬✐s❪ Soma✱ ❖ Indra
Pr❡♣❛r❡❞ ✐s t❤❡ ❣r❛✐♥ ❢♦r t❤② t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s t♦ ❡❛t✳
❚♦ ❤❛✈✐♥❣✲r❡❢✉❣❡✲✐♥✲t❤❛t ✈❡r②✲❤❡❧♣❢✉❧ ❜✉❧❧✱
t♦ t❤❡❡✱ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② Marut✲s✱ ♦❜❧❛t✐♦♥s ❬❛r❡❪ ♣r❡s❡♥t❡❞✳
✽✳ ▼❡♥✱ ❦♥♦tt② ♦♥❡s✱ ✇❛t❡rs✱ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ❝♦✇s
♠❛❞❡ t❤✐s ❬Soma❪ r✐❝❤ ✐♥ ❤♦♥❡② ❢♦r t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Indra✦
❍❛✈✐♥❣ ❧❡❛r♥❡❞ ♦❢ ✐t✷ ✱ ❞r✐♥❦ ❬✐t❪✱ ❜❡✐♥❣ ✇❡❧❧✲❞✐s♣♦s❡❞✱
❖ ❤❡❧♣✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❞✐r❡ str❛✐❣❤ts ♦♥❡✱
❛♥t✐❝✐♣❛t✐♥❣ ❬❞r✐♥❦✐♥❣❪✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❢♦✉♥❞ ❬❛❜♦✉t ✐t❪ ✐♥ t❤② ♦✇♥ ✇❛②s✳
✶ Indu
✷ Soma
✹✼✷

yā´m̃
. ā´bhajo marúta indra sóme
yé tvā´mávardhannábhavangan.áste |
′
tébhiretám. sajós.ā vāvaśānò gnéh.
piba jihváyā sómamindra || 9 ||

ı́ndra pı́ba svadháyā citsutásyāgnérvā

pāhi jihváyā yajatra |
adhvaryórvā práyatam . śakra hástāddhóturvā
. havı́s.o jus.asva || 10 ||
yajñám

śunám . huvema maghávānamı́ndram

asmı́nbháre nŕ.tamam . vā´jasātau |
śr.n.vántamugrámūtáye samátsu
ghnántam . vr.trā´n.i sam . dhánānām || 11 ||
. jı́tam
 ✹✼✸

✾✳ ❲❤✐❝❤ Marut✲s t❤♦✉ ❝❛✉s❡❞ t♦ s❤❛r❡ ✐♥ t❤❡ Soma✱ ❖ Indra✱

✇❤✐❝❤ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥❡❞ t❤❡❡✱ t❤❡② ❜❡❝❛♠❡ t❤② tr♦♦♣✱
❛❝t✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❤❛r♠♦♥② ✇✐t❤ t❤❡♠✱ ❡❛❣❡r❧② ❞❡s✐r✐♥❣ t❤✐s ❬Soma❪✱
❞r✐♥❦ t❤❡ Soma ✇✐t❤ Agni✲s t♦♥❣✉❡✱ ❖ Indra✦
✶✵✳ ❖ Indra✱ ❞r✐♥❦ t❤❡ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❬Soma❪ ♦♥ t❤② ♦✇♥ ❛❝❝♦r❞✱
♦r ❞r✐♥❦ ❬✐t❪ ✇✐t❤ Agni✬s t♦♥❣✉❡✱
❖ ✐♥str✉♠❡♥t❛❧ ✐♥ ❛ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡✦
❊✐t❤❡r ❞❡❧✐❣❤t ✐♥ ✇❤❛t✬s ♦✛❡r❡❞ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ adhvaryu✬s ❤❛♥❞✱
❖ ❡♠♣♦✇❡r✐♥❣ ♦♥❡✱
♦r ❬❞❡❧✐❣❤t ✐♥❪ t❤❡ ✐♥✈♦❦❡r✬s s❛❝r✐✜❝❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ♦❜❧❛t✐♦♥✦
✖✖
✶✶✳ ❍❛♣♣✐❧② ✇❡ ❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s Indra ✖
t❤❡ ♠♦st ♠❛♥❧② ✐♥ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ✐s ❜❡❛r✐♥❣ ❬❤✐♠❪
❞✉r✐♥❣ ❣❛✐♥✐♥❣ ❛ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱
❛tt❡♥t✐✈❡ ❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s ✖ t♦ ❤❡❧♣ ✐♥ ❝❧❛s❤❡s
❬✉♣♦♥ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ✐s❪ s✉❜❞✉✐♥❣ Vr.tra✲s✱ ❬✇❤♦ ✐s❪ ❛ ✇✐♥♥❡r ♦❢ ♣r✐③❡s✳
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✸✳✸✻

Viśvāmitra ❛❧❧ ❜✉t ✶✵✱ Ghora Aṅgirasa ✶✵ | Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra

imā´mū .sú prábhr.tim

. sātáye dhāh.
śáśvachaśvadūtı́bhiryā´damānah. |
sutésute vāvr.dhe várdhanebhir
yáh. kármabhirmahádbhih. súśruto bhū´t || 1 ||

ı́ndrāya sómāh. pradı́vo vı́dānā

.rbhúryébhirvŕ..saparvā vı́hāyāh. |
prayamyámānānpráti .sū´ gr.bhāyéndra
pı́ba vŕ..sadhūtasya vŕ..sn.ah. || 2 ||

pı́bā várdhasva táva ghā sutā´sa

ı́ndra sómāsah. prathamā´ utémé |
yáthā´pibah. pūrvyā´m̃
. indra sómām̃.
evā´ pāhi pányo adyā´ návı̄yān || 3 ||

mahā´m̃ . ámatro vr.jáne virapśyùgrám

.
śávah. patyate dhr..sn.vójah. |
nā´ha vivyāca pr.thiv´ı̄ canáınam
.
yátsómāso háryaśvamámandan || 4 ||

mahā´m̃. ugró vāvr.dhe vı̄ryā`ya

samā´cakre vr..sabháh. kā´vyena |
ı́ndro bhágo vājadā´ asya gā´vah.
prá jāyante dáks.in.ā asya pūrv´ı̄h. || 5 ||

prá yátsı́ndhavah. prasavám . yáthā´yannā´pah.

samudrám . rathyèva jagmuh. |
átaścidı́ndrah. sádaso várı̄yān
yádı̄m. sómah. pr.n.áti dugdhó am. śúh. || 6 ||

samudrén.a sı́ndhavo yā´damānā

ı́ndrāya sómam. sús.utam. bhárantah. |
am . śúm
. duhanti hastı́no bharı́trair
mádhvah. punanti dhā´rayā pavı́traih. || 7 ||
 ✹✼✺

✶✳ ❚❤♦✉ ♣❧❛❝❡❞ ✇❡❧❧ t❤✐s ♦✛❡r✐♥❣ ❢♦r ❣❛✐♥✐♥❣✱

❛❣❛✐♥ ❛♥❞ ❛❣❛✐♥ r✉♥♥✐♥❣ ❛❢t❡r ❬✐ts❪ s✐❞❡✲❡✛❡❝ts✳
✶
❆t ❡✈❡r② Soma ❧✐❜❛t✐♦♥ ❤❡ ❜❡❝❛♠❡ str♦♥❣❡r
❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥✐♥❣ ❬❞❡✈✐❝❡s❪
❬❤❡✱❪ ✇❤♦ s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ ❜❡❝❛♠❡ q✉✐t❡ ❢❛♠♦✉s
❜② ❬❤✐s❪ ❡①❛❧t✐♥❣ ❞❡❡❞s✳
✷✳ ❋r♦♠ ♦❢ ♦❧❞ ❞r♦♣s ♦❢ Soma ❛r❡ ❦♥♦✇♥ t♦ ❜❡ ❢♦r Indra✱
❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ✇❤✐❝❤ t❤❡ s❦✐❧❧❢✉❧ ♦♥❡✱
♠✉s❝✉❧❛r ❧✐❦❡ ❛ ❜✉❧❧✱ ❬❜❡❝♦♠❡s❪ ❛❝t✐✈❡✳
❙❡✐③❡ ✇❡❧❧ t❤♦s❡ ✇❤♦ ♦✛❡r t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s✱
❖ Indra✱ ❞r✐♥❦ ♦❢ ❛❣✐t❛t❡❞✲❧✐❦❡✲❛✲❜✉❧❧ ❜✉❧❧✦
✸✳ ❉r✐♥❦✱ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ str♦♥❣❡r✦ ❙✉r❡❧② t❤②✱ ❖ Indra✱
❬❛r❡❪ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❞r♦♣s ♦❢ Soma ✖ t❤❡s❡ ❛♥❞ ♣r❡❝❡❞✐♥❣ ♦♥❡s❀
❛s t❤♦✉ ❞r❛♥❦ ♣r❡✈✐♦✉s ❞r♦♣s ♦❢ Soma✱
❥✉st s♦✱ t♦✲❜❡✲❛❞♠✐r❡❞ t♦❞❛②✱ ❞r✐♥❦ t❤❡ ♥❡✇ ♦♥❡s✳
✹✳ ❊①❛❧t✐♥❣✱ ❝♦♠♣❡❧❧✐♥❣✱ ✐♥ ❛ s❛❝r✐✜❝✐❛❧ ❡♥❝❧♦s✉r❡ ❡①✉❜❡r❛♥t✱
❤❡ ❣♦✈❡r♥s ✈✐♦❧❡♥t ✐♠♣✉❧s❡ t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡ ❬❛♥❞❪ ❞❛r✐♥❣ ❢r❡♥③②✳
❈❡rt❛✐♥❧②✱ ♥♦t ❡✈❡♥ t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤ ❤❛s ❝♦♥t❛✐♥❡❞ ❤✐♠✱
✇❤❡♥ ❞r♦♣s ♦❢ Soma ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t❡❞ ❤❛✈✐♥❣✲t❛✇♥②✲❤♦rs❡s ♦♥❡✳
✺✳ ❊①❛❧t✐♥❣✱ ❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s✱ ❤❡ ❤❛s ❜❡❝♦♠❡ str♦♥❣❡r❀
t❤r♦✉❣❤ ♣♦❡tr② ❤❡✱ ❛♣♣❡❛r✐♥❣ ❛s ❛ ❜✉❧❧✱
❜r♦✉❣❤t ❤✐♠s❡❧❢ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ❢♦r ❛ ❞❡❡❞ ♦❢ ✈❛❧♦r❀
Indra ❬✐s❪ ✇❡❧❧✲❜❡✐♥❣❀ ❤✐s ❝♦✇s ❛r❡ ❣✐✈✐♥❣ ❛ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r❀
✷
❤✐s ❞♦♥❛t✐♦♥s ♣r♦❞✉❝❡ ♠❛♥② ❬♠♦r❡ ❞♦♥❛t✐♦♥s❪✳
✻✳ ❲❤❡♥ r✐✈❡rs ❝❛♠❡ ❢♦rt❤ ❛s ✐❢ ❜② ✐♠♣✉❧s✐♦♥✱
t❤❡ ✇❛t❡rs ❤❛❞ s❡t ♦✉t t♦✇❛r❞s t❤❡ s❡❛ ❧✐❦❡ t✇♦ ❝❤❛r✐♦t❡❡rs ✖
❢♦r ❡①❛❝t❧② t❤❛t r❡❛s♦♥ Indra ✐s ✇✐❞❡r t❤❛♥ ❬t❤✐s❪ s❡❛t ❀
✸
✇❤❡♥ Soma ❬❡①tr❛❝t❪ ✜❧❧s ❤✐♠ t❤❡ st❛❧❦ ❬✐s❪ ♠✐❧❦❡❞✳✹
✼✳ ❚❤❡ r✐✈❡rs✱ ❝❛rr②✐♥❣ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ Soma ❢♦r Indra✱
❛r❡ r✉♥♥✐♥❣ ❛❢t❡r t❤❡ s❡❛ ✳ ✺
❚❤♦s❡ ✇❤♦ ❤❛✈❡ ❤❛♥❞s ♠✐❧❦ t❤❡ st❛❧❦ ❬♦❢ Soma ❤❡r❜❪
✇✐t❤ t♦♦❧s ❢♦r ❝❛rr②✐♥❣ ❀ ✻
❛❧♦♥❣ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ str❡❛♠ ♦❢ ❤♦♥❡② ✼
t❤❡② ♣✉r✐❢② ❬t❤❡ ✐♥♥❡r Soma❪ ✇✐t❤ ❬✐♥♥❡r❪ ✜❧t❡rs✳
✶ ♦r ✏♠♦t✐✈❛t✐♥❣ t❤②s❡❧❢ ❜②✑
✷ ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s
✸ ♣r♦❜❛❜❧② ❂✏t❤❡ s❡❛✬ ❂✏t❤❡ ❤❡❛rt ❝❛❦r❛✑
✹ ❂t❤❡ s♣✐♥❡
✺ ❞✐r❡❝t✐♥❣ t❤❡✐r ✢♦✇ ✐♥ t❤❡ ♣✉rs✉✐t ♦❢ t❤❡ s❡❛
✻ t❤❛t ✐s✱ ✇✐t❤ ✜♥❣❡rs
✼ Soma drink
✹✼✻

hradā´ iva kuks.áyah. somadhā´nāh.

sámı̄ vivyāca sávanā purū´n.i |
ánnā yádı́ndrah. prathamā´ vyā´śa
. jaghanvā´m̃
vr.trám . avr.n.ı̄ta sómam || 8 ||

ā´ tū´ bhara mā´kiretátpári .s.thād

vidmā´ hı́ tvā vásupatim . vásūnām |
ı́ndra yátte mā´hinam . dátramástyasmábhyam
.
táddharyaśva prá yandhi || 9 ||

asmé prá yandhi maghavannr.jı̄s.innı́ndra

rāyó viśvávārasya bhū´reh. |
asmé śatám . śarádo jı̄váse dhā
asmé vı̄rā´ñcháśvata indra śiprin || 10 ||

śunám . huvema maghávānamı́ndram

asmı́nbháre nŕ.tamam . vā´jasātau |
śr.n.vántamugrámūtáye samátsu
ghnántam . vr.trā´n.i sam . dhánānām || 11 ||
. jı́tam
 ✹✼✼

✽✳ ❙♦♠❛✲r❡❝❡✐✈✐♥❣ ❝❛✈✐t✐❡s ❛r❡ ❧✐❦❡ ❧❛❦❡s ✖

❤❡ ❤❛s ❝♦❧❧❡❝t❡❞ ✐♥t♦ ❤✐♠s❡❧❢ ♠❛♥② ♣r❡ss✐♥❣s❀
✇❤❡♥ Indra ❤❛s ♦❜t❛✐♥❡❞ ♣r✐♠❛r② ❢♦♦❞s✱
❤❡✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ s❧❛②❡❞ Vr.tra✱ ❝❤♦s❡ Soma✳
✾✳ ❇r✐♥❣ ❬✐t❪ ❤❡r❡✱ ♣❧❡❛s❡✦ ▼❛② ♥♦t t❤✐s ❬Vrtra❪ ♦❜str✉❝t ❬✐t❪✦
❙✐♥❝❡ ✇❡ ❦♥♦✇ t❤❡❡ ❛s ❛♥ ♦✈❡rs❡❡r .
♦❢ t❤❡ ❜❡♥❡✜t ♦❢ ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧ t❤✐♥❣s✱
❖ Indra ✇❤❛t t❤② ❝❛✉s✐♥❣ ❥♦② s❤❛r❡ t❤❡r❡ ✐s✱
♦✛❡r t❤❛t t♦ ✉s✱ ❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❛✇♥② ❤♦rs❡s ♦♥❡✦
✶✵✳ ❖✛❡r t♦ ✉s✱ ❖ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❞✐r❡❝t ✐♠♣❛❝t ♦♥❡✱
❖ Indra✱ ❬❛ s❤❛r❡❪ ♦❢ ❝❤❡r✐s❤❡❞ ❜② ❛❧❧ ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥t tr❡❛s✉r❡✦
❚♦ ✉s t❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ❣✐✈❡♥ ❛ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ②❡❛rs t♦ ❧✐✈❡✱
t♦ ✉s ✖ ♥✉♠❡r♦✉s ❤❡r♦❡s✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❖ s❡❧❡❝t✐✈❡ ♦♥❡✦
✶✶✳ ❍❛♣♣✐❧② ✇❡ ❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s Indra ✖
t❤❡ ♠♦st ♠❛♥❧② ✐♥ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ✐s ❜❡❛r✐♥❣ ❬❤✐♠❪
❞✉r✐♥❣ ❣❛✐♥✐♥❣ ❛ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱
❛tt❡♥t✐✈❡ ❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s ✖ t♦ ❤❡❧♣ ✐♥ ❝❧❛s❤❡s
❬✉♣♦♥ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ✐s❪ s✉❜❞✉✐♥❣ Vr.tra✲s✱ ❬✇❤♦ ✐s❪ ❛ ✇✐♥♥❡r ♦❢ ♣r✐③❡s✳
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✸✳✸✼

Viśvāmitra | ✶✕✶✵ Gāyatrı̄✱ ✶✶ Anus..tubh | t♦ Indra

vā´rtrahatyāya śávase pr.tanās.ā´hyāya ca |

ı́ndra tvā´ vartayāmasi || 1 ||

arvāc´ı̄nam. sú te mána utá cáks.uh. śatakrato |

ı́ndra kr.n.vántu vāghátah. || 2 ||

nā´māni te śatakrato vı́śvābhirgı̄rbhı́rı̄mahe |

ı́ndrābhimātis.ā´hye || 3 ||

purus..tutásya dhā´mabhih. śaténa mahayāmasi |

ı́ndrasya cars.an.ı̄dhŕ.tah. || 4 ||

ı́ndram. vr.trā´ya hántave puruhūtámúpa bruve |

bháres.u vā´jasātaye || 5 ||

vā´jes.u sāsahı́rbhava tvā´mı̄mahe śatakrato |

ı́ndra vr.trā´ya hántave || 6 ||

dyumnés.u pr.tanā´jye pr.tsutū´rs.u śrávassu ca |

ı́ndra sā´ks.vābhı́mātis.u || 7 ||

śus.mı́ntamam . pāhi jā´gr.vim |

. na ūtáye dyumnı́nam
ı́ndra sómam. śatakrato || 8 ||

indriyā´n.i śatakrato yā´ te jánes.u pañcásu |

ı́ndra tā´ni ta ā´ vr.n.e || 9 ||

ágannindra śrávo br.háddyumnám. dadhis.va dus..táram |

. tirāmasi || 10 ||
útte śús.mam
 ✹✼✾

✶✳ ❋♦r ❦✐❧❧✐♥❣ Vr.tra✬s ❦✐♥❞✱ ❢♦r t❤❡ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡ t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡

❛♥❞ ❢♦r ✈✐❝t♦r② ✐♥ t❤❡ ❜❛tt❧❡
✇❡ r♦❧❧ t❤❡❡ ❬❛s ❛ ❞✐❝❡❪✱ ❖ Indra✦
✷✳ ▲❡t t❤♦s❡ ✇❤♦ ♠❛❦❡ t❤❡ ❡✛♦rt
♠❛❦❡ t❤② ♠✐♥❞ ❛♥❞ ❣❛③❡ t✉r♥❡❞ t♦✇❛r❞s ✇❤❛t✬s ❣♦♦❞✱
❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❛ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ✇✐❧❡s ♦♥❡✱ ❖ Indra✦
✖✖
✸✳ ■♥ ❝♦♥q✉❡r✐♥❣ ♣❧♦tt✐♥❣ ❡♥❡♠✐❡s✱ ❖ Indra✱
❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❛❧❧ t❤❡ ❝❤❛♥ts ✇❡ ❣♦ t♦ t❤② ❝❤❛r❛❝t❡r✐st✐❝ ❢♦r♠s✱
❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❛ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ✇✐❧❡s ♦♥❡✦
✹✳ ❲❡ ♠❛❦❡ ❬t❤♦s❡ ❢♦r♠s❪ t♦ ♠✉❧t✐♣❧②
t❤r♦✉❣❤ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ❛❜♦❞❡s ♦❢ t❤❡ ♠✉❝❤✲❡✉❧♦❣✐③❡❞ ♦♥❡ ✖
♦❢ Indra ❤♦❧❞✐♥❣ t❤♦s❡ ✇❤♦ ❞r❛✇ t♦ t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s ✳ ✶
✺✳ ❋♦r Vr.tra t♦ ❜❡ s❧❛✐♥✱
t♦ ♦❜t❛✐♥ ❛ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r ✐♥ ❜❛tt❧❡s
■ ❛❞❞r❡ss Indra✱ t❤❡ ♠✉❝❤ ✐♥✈♦❦❡❞ ♦♥❡✳
✻✳ ❉✉r✐♥❣ r✉s❤❡s ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r ❞♦ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❤❛✈✐♥❣✲✇❛②s✲t♦✲♣r❡✈❛✐❧✦
❲❡ ❣♦ t♦ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❛ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ✇✐❧❡s ♦♥❡✱
❢♦r Vrtra t♦ ❜❡ s❧❛✐♥✱ ❖ Indra✦
✼✳ ❉✉r✐♥❣. ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t✐♥❣ ❝❧♦s❡ ❝♦♠❜❛ts
✷
❛♥❞ ✐♥ s♣❛♥♥✐♥❣ ✜❣❤ts ❛✉❞✐t♦r② ✐♠♣r❡ss✐♦♥s✱
❖ Indra✱ ♣r❡✈❛✐❧ ✐♥ ❬t❤❡ ♣r❡s❡♥❝❡ ♦❢❪ ♣❧♦tt✐♥❣ ❡♥❡♠✐❡s✳
✖✖
✽✳ ❚♦ ❤❡❧♣ ✉s✱ ❞r✐♥❦ t❤❡ ♠♦st ✜❡r②✱
✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t✐♥❣✱ ❦❡❡♣✐♥❣ ❬✉s❪ ❛✇❛❦❡
Soma✱ ❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❛ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ✇✐❧❡s Indra✦
✾✳ ❲❤✐❝❤ t❤②✱ ❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❛ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ✇✐❧❡s ♦♥❡✱
♣♦✇❡rs ♦✈❡r ❛✛❡❝t✐♦♥s✱ ❬❛r❡❪ ❛♠♦♥❣ t❤❡ ✜✈❡ tr✐❜❡s
t❤♦s❡ ♦❢ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Indra✱ ■ ❝❤♦♦s❡✳
✶✵✳ ❍❡✱ ❖ Indra✱ s❡t ♦✉t t♦✇❛r❞s ❡①t❡♥s✐✈❡ ❛✉❞✐t♦r② ✐♠♣r❡ss✐♦♥✳
✸
P✉t ❬✐♥t♦ ✉s❪ ❞✐✣❝✉❧t t♦ s✉r♣❛ss ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t❡ ✖
❬❛♥❞❪ ✇❡ ❬✇✐❧❧❪ tr❛♥s❢❡r t❤② ❢❡r✈♦r ✉♣✇❛r❞s✳

✶ t❤❛t ✐s✱ t❤❡ s❡♥s❡s

✷ t❤❛t ✐s✱ r❡✈❡❛❧✐♥❣ ❡♥❡♠② str❡♥❣t❤s ❛♥❞ ✇❡❛❦♥❡ss❡s
✸ ♦r✱ ✏❧♦✉❞✑
✹✽✵

arvāváto na ā´ gahyátho śakra parāvátah. |

u lokó yáste adriva ı́ndrehá táta ā´ gahi || 11 ||
 ✹✽✶

✶✶✳ ❆♣♣r♦❛❝❤ ✉s ❢r♦♠ ♥❡❛r

♦r ❢r♦♠ ❛❢❛r✱ ❖ ❡♠♣♦✇❡r✐♥❣ ♦♥❡✦
❚❤❡ ✇✐❞❡ ❬♠❡♥t❛❧❪ s♣❛❝❡ ✇❤✐❝❤ ❬✐s❪ ❢♦r t❤❡❡✱ ❖ st♦♥❡✲✇✐❡❧❞❡r✱
❬✐s❪ ❤❡r❡ ✕ ❢♦r t❤❛t r❡❛s♦♥✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤ ❬✉s❪✦

■♥ ✈❡rs❡s ✸✕✼ Indra ✐s ❛s❦❡❞ t♦ ❡♠♣❧♦② ♦♥❡ ♦❢ ❤✐s ✇✐❧❡s ❛❣❛✐♥st

♣❧♦tt✐♥❣ ❡♥❡♠✐❡s ✖ ❜② ❢❡✐❣♥✐♥❣ ✇❡❛❦♥❡ss t♦ ✉r❣❡ t❤❡ ❡♥❡♠② t♦ r✉s❤
✐♥t♦ ✜❣❤t ♣r❡♠❛t✉r❡❧② t❤✉s r❡✈❡❛❧✐♥❣ ❤✐s str❡♥❣t❤s ❛♥❞ ✇❡❛❦♥❡ss❡s✱
❝❛✉s✐♥❣ ❤✐♠ t♦ ❛❜❛♥❞♦♥ ❤✐s ♣❧❛♥s ❛♥❞ t♦ ❡①♣❡r✐❡♥❝❡ ❢❛t✐❣✉❡✳
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✸✳✸✽

Viśvāmitra | Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra

abhı́ tás..teva dı̄dhayā manı̄s.ā´m

átyo ná vāj´ı̄ sudhúro jı́hānah. |
abhı́ priyā´n.i mármr.śatpárān.i
kav´ı̄m̃
. richāmi sam . dŕ.śe sumedhā´h. || 1 ||

inótá pr.cha jánimā kavı̄nā´m

.
manodhŕ.tah. sukŕ.tastaks.ata dyā´m |
imā´ u te pran.yò várdhamānā
mánovātā ádha nú dhárman.i gman || 2 ||

nı́ .sı̄mı́dátra gúhyā dádhānā

utá ks.atrā´ya ródası̄ sámañjan |
sám. mā´trābhirmamiré yemúrurv´ı̄
antármah´ı̄ sámr.te dhā´yase dhuh. || 3 ||

ātı́s..thantam
. pári vı́śve abhūs.añchrı́yo
vásānaścarati svárocih. |
maháttádvŕ..sn.o ásurasya nā´mā´
viśvárūpo amŕ.tāni tasthau || 4 ||

ásūta pū´rvo vr..sabhó jyā´yān

imā´ asya śurúdhah. santi pūrv´ı̄h. |
dı́vo napātā vidáthasya dhı̄bhı́h.
. rājānā pradı́vo dadhāthe || 5 ||
ks.atrám
 ✹✽✸

✶✳ ▲✐❦❡ ❛ ❝❤❛r✐♦t✲❜✉✐❧❞❡r✱ ■ ❤❛✈❡ r❡✢❡❝t❡❞ ✉♣♦♥ ❬t❤✐s❪ ❝♦♥❝❡♣t✐♦♥✱

❧✐❦❡ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❛ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r ✇❡❧❧✲❛tt❛❝❤❡❞
t♦ t❤❡ ♣♦❧❡ ❬♦❢ ❛ ❝❤❛r✐♦t❪ ❝♦✉rs❡r ❬t❤❛t ✐s❪ ❧❡❛♣✐♥❣ ❢♦r✇❛r❞✳
❚♦ t♦✉❝❤ ✉♣♦♥ ❝❤❡r✐s❤❡❞ ❬❜✉t❪ ♣❛st ❬t❤✐♥❣s❪
■✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❛ ❣♦♦❞ ✐♥t❡♥t✱ s❡❡❦ ♣♦❡ts
❬✐♥ ♦r❞❡r❪ t♦ ❜❡❤♦❧❞ ❬t❤♦s❡ t❤✐♥❣s❪✳
✷✳ ❆♥❞ ❛s❦ ❬t❤❛t❪ ❣❡♥❡r❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ♣♦❡ts
❛❜♦✉t ✐♥❢✉s✐♥❣ str❡♥❣t❤ ❬❡✈❡♥ts❪ ✖
♠❛✐♥t❛✐♥✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡❪ ✐♠♣r❡ss✐♦♥✱
②❡✱ s❦✐❧❧❢✉❧✱ s❤❛❧❧ ❞❡s✐❣♥ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ✳
✶
❆✉❣♠❡♥t✐♥❣ t❤❡s❡ t❤② ❤✐♥ts✱
❤❛✈✐♥❣ ♠✐♥❞ ❧✐❦❡ t❤❡ ✇✐♥❞✱
t❤❡② s❤♦✉❧❞ t❤❡r❡❢♦r❡ ❜r✐♥❣ ✐t ✐♥t♦ ❛♥ ❛rr❛♥❣❡♠❡♥t✳
✸✳ ■♥ t❤✐s ❝❛s❡ t❤❡② ❬❛r❡❪ ♣✉tt✐♥❣ ❡✈❡♥ s❡❝r❡t ❬❡✈❡♥ts❪ ✐♥t♦ ✐t
❛♥❞ s❤❛❧❧ ✜t t♦❣❡t❤❡r t❤❡ t✇♦ Rodas✲❡s
❢♦r t❤❡ ❞♦♠✐♥✐♦♥ ❬♦❢ Indra❪❀
❜② ❞❡❣r❡❡s t❤❡② ❤❛✈❡ ♠❛❞❡ ❡q✉❛❧ ✷
❬❛♥❞ ❛t t❤❡ s❛♠❡ t✐♠❡❪ ❤❛✈❡ s♣r❡❛❞ t❤❡ t✇♦ ✇✐❞❡ ♦♥❡s✳
❇❡t✇❡❡♥ ❬t❤❡ t✇♦ ✐s❪ t❤❡ ♦♥❡ ✇❤♦ ♣♦ss❡ss❡s t❤❡ ♠✐❣❤t ❀ ✸
t❤❡② s❤❛❧❧ s❡t t❤❡ t✇♦ ✐♥ ❤❛r♠♦♥② ✇✐t❤ ❡❛❝❤ ♦t❤❡r
❢♦r s✉st❡♥❛♥❝❡✳
✖✖
✹✳ ❆❧❧ s♦✉❣❤t t♦ ❛tt❡♥❞ t♦ ❤✐♠✱
❬✇❤♦ ✐s❪ st❛②✐♥❣ ❛r♦✉♥❞ ❬t❤❡ ❦✐♥❞❧✐♥❣❪❀
❬♥♦✇❪ ❤❡✱ ✇❡❛r✐♥❣ ❛✉s♣✐❝✐♦✉s ♠❛r❦s✱ s❡❧❢✲s❤✐♥✐♥❣✱ r♦❛♠s ❛r♦✉♥❞✳
❊①❛❧t✐♥❣ ✐s t❤❡ ♥❛t✉r❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❜✉❧❧ ❬t❤❛t ✐s❪ ❛ ❣✉✐❞✐♥❣ s♣✐r✐t✳
❍❡✱ ✇❤♦ ❝❛♥ ❛ss✉♠❡ s❤❛♣❡ ♦❢ ❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣✱
❤❛s r❡s♦rt❡❞ t♦ ✐♠♣❡r✐s❤❛❜❧❡✳
✖✖
✺✳ ❚❤❡ ❛♥❝✐❡♥t ♦♥❡✱ r❡s❡♠❜❧✐♥❣ ❛ ❜✉❧❧✱ t❤❡ ♠♦st ♦♣♣r❡ss✐♥❣ ♦♥❡✱
❜r♦✉❣❤t ❢♦rt❤ t❤❡s❡❀ ❤✐s ❛r❡ ♠❛♥② ♣r♦❧✐❢❡r❛t✐♥❣ r✐❝❤❡s✳
❇② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❦♥♦✇❧❡❞❣❡✲s❤❛r✐♥❣ s❡ss✐♦♥✬s ✈✐s✐♦♥s
②♦✉ ✱ ❖ t✇♦ ♦✛s♣r✐♥❣s ♦❢ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥✱
✹
❤❛✈❡ ❡st❛❜❧✐s❤❡❞ ❧♦♥❣ ❛❣♦ ❬❤✐s❪ ❞♦♠✐♥✐♦♥✱ ❖ t✇♦ ❝❤✐❡❢t❛✐♥s✦

✶ ❤❡r❡ ❂ ✏♠❡♥t❛❧ ❧❛♥❞s❝❛♣❡✑

✷ ♣r♦♣♦rt✐♦♥❛❧ t♦ ❡❛❝❤ ♦t❤❡r
✸ ✐♥♥❡r Agni
✹ t❤❡ t✇♦ Aśvin✲s
✹✽✹

tr´ı̄n.i rājānā vidáthe purū´n.i

pári vı́śvāni bhūs.athah. sádām . si |
ápaśyamátra mánasā jaganvā´n
vraté gandharvā´m̃ . ápi vāyúkeśān || 6 ||

tádı́nnvasya vr..sabhásya dhenórā´

nā´mabhirmamire sákmyam . góh. |
anyádanyadasuryàm . vasānā
nı́ māyı́no mamire rūpámasmin || 7 ||

tádı́nnvasya savitúrnákirme
hiran.yáyı̄mamátim . yā´máśiśret |
ā´ sus..tut´ı̄ ródası̄ viśvaminvé
ápı̄va yós.ā jánimāni vavre || 8 ||

yuvám . pratnásya sādhatho mahó

yáddáıvı̄ svastı́h. pári n.ah. syātam |
gopā´jihvasya tasthús.o vı́rūpā
vı́śve paśyanti māyı́nah. kr.tā´ni || 9 ||
 ✹✽✺

✻✳ ■♥ ❛ ❦♥♦✇❧❡❞❣❡✲s❤❛r✐♥❣ s❡ss✐♦♥ ②♦✉✱ ❖ t✇♦ ❦✐♥❣s✱

s❡❡❦ t♦ ❛tt❡♥❞ t♦ t❤r❡❡✱ ❬♦r❪ ♠❛♥②✱ s❡❛ts✱
❡❛❝❤ ❛♥❞ ❡✈❡r② ♦♥❡ ❬♦❢ t❤❡♠❪✳
■ s❛✇ ✐♥ t❤✐s ❝❛s❡✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❣♦♥❡ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ♠✐♥❞ t♦ ❬t❤❛t❪ r❡❛❧♠✱
Gandharva✲s ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ✇✐♥❞s ❢♦r ❤❛✐rs ✳ ✺
✼✳ ❏✉st t❤❛t ♦❢ t❤✐s ♦♥❡ r❡s❡♠❜❧✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❜✉❧❧ ✖
t❤❡ ♣❡❝✉❧✐❛r ♥❛t✉r❡ ♦❢ ❛ ❝♦✇
t❤❡② ♠❡❛s✉r❡❞ ♦✉t ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ♠✐❧❝❤✲❝♦✇ ✻
❜② ✉s✐♥❣ ❬✈❛r✐♦✉s❪ ♥❛♠❡s ❬❢♦r ✐t❪✳
❲❡❛r✐♥❣ ♦♥❡ ❣✉✐s❡ ❛❢t❡r ❛♥♦t❤❡r✱
✼
t❤❡② ✇❤♦ ❤❛✈❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❢r❛♠❡ ❬✐❞❡❛s ❛♥❞ ♣❡r❝❡♣t✐♦♥❪
❛❞❥✉st❡❞ ✐♥ ❤✐♠ t❤❡ ❢♦r♠✳
✽✳ ❏✉st t❤❛t ♦❢ t❤✐s ✐♠♣❡❧❧❡r ❬✐s❪ ♥♦t ❢♦r ♠❡ ✖
✽
t❤❡ ❛❜♦✉♥❞✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❣♦❧❞ ✐♥❝✐t✐♥❣✲t♦✲❛❝t ❞❡✜♥✐t✐✈❡♥❡ss
t♦ ✇❤✐❝❤ ❤❡ r❡s♦rt❡❞ ✖
✇✐t❤ ❝♦rr❡❝t❧② ❛rt✐❝✉❧❛t❡❞ ♣r❛✐s❡ ■ ❤❛✈❡ ♣✉t ❛ ❬♣r♦t❡❝t✐✈❡❪ ❝♦✈❡r
♦✈❡r ✐♥✈✐❣♦r❛t✐♥❣ ❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣ t✇♦ Rodas✲❡s
❧✐❦❡ ❛ ②♦✉♥❣ ✇♦♠❛♥ ❬❝♦✈❡r ❤❡r❪ ♦✛s♣r✐♥❣s✳
✾✳ ❨♦✉ t✇♦ ❝♦♠♣❧❡t❡ t❤❛t ♦❢ t❤❡ ♣r✐♠♦r❞✐❛❧✱ ♠✐❣❤t② ❬♦♥❡❪✱
②♦✉ t✇♦ ❝♦✉❧❞ ❜❡ ❢♦r ✉s t❤❡ ❞✐✈✐♥❡ ❜❧❡ss✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥❝❡✦
❆❧❧ s❡❡ t❤❡ ❞❡❡❞s ♦❢ ❤✐♠
✇❤♦ ❤❛s t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❢r❛♠❡ ❬✐❞❡❛s ❛♥❞ ♣❡r❝❡♣t✐♦♥❪✱
♦❢ ❤✐♠ ✱ ✇❤♦s❡ ✢❛♠❡s ❛r❡ ♣r♦t❡❝t✐♥❣✱
✾ ✶✵
✇❤♦ ✐s r❡s♦rt✐♥❣ t♦ ✈❛r✐♦✉s s❤❛♣❡s✳
✖✖

✺ ❂str✐♥❣s ♦❢ t❤❡✐r ❧✉t❡s

✻ ♣r♦❜✳ Prśni
. .
✼ asuryà
✽ t❤❡ s✉♥
✾ ✐♥♥❡r Agni
✶✵ ❧✐t✳ ✏t♦♥❣✉❡✑
✹✽✻

śunám . huvema maghávānamı́ndram

asmı́nbháre nŕ.tamam . vā´jasātau |
śr.n.vántamugrámūtáye samátsu
ghnántam . vr.trā´n.i sam . dhánānām || 10 ||
. jı́tam
 ✹✽✼

✶✵✳ ❍❛♣♣✐❧② ✇❡ ❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s Indra ✖

t❤❡ ♠♦st ♠❛♥❧② ✐♥ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ✐s ❜❡❛r✐♥❣ ❬❤✐♠❪
❞✉r✐♥❣ ❣❛✐♥✐♥❣ ❛ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱
❛tt❡♥t✐✈❡ ❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s ✖ t♦ ❤❡❧♣ ✐♥ ❝❧❛s❤❡s
❬✉♣♦♥ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ✐s❪ s✉❜❞✉✐♥❣ Vr.tra✲s✱ ❬✇❤♦ ✐s❪ ❛ ✇✐♥♥❡r ♦❢ ♣r✐③❡s✳

❱❡rs❡ ✶ ✐s ✉tt❡r❡❞ ❜② ❛ ✇❛rr✐♦r ✇❤♦ ❤❛s ❜❡❡♥ Indra ❛♥❞ s❡❡❦s ♣♦❡ts
t♦ ♣✉t ❤✐s ❡①♣❡r✐❡♥❝❡s ✐♥t♦ ✇♦r❞s✳ ❱❡rs❡ ✷✱ ✉tt❡r❡❞ ❜② ❤✐s ❢r✐❡♥❞
♦r ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥✱ t❡❧❧s ❤✐♠ ♥♦t t♦ ❢♦r❣❡t ❛❜♦✉t ❢♦r♠✉❧❛s r❡st♦r✐♥❣ ❤✐♠
❢r♦♠ ❡①❤❛✉st✐♦♥ ❢♦❧❧♦✇✐♥❣ ❤❡r♦✐❝ ❞❡❡❞s✳ ❱❡rs❡ ✸ s❡❡♠s t♦ ❜❡ ❛
r❡s♣♦♥s❡ t♦ ✈❡rs❡ ✷ ❛♥❞ ✐♥tr♦❞✉❝❡s ✐♥♥❡r Agni ❛s t❤❡ ❦❡② ❢❛❝t♦r t❤❛t
❜r✐♥❣s t❤❡ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❛♥❞ ♣❤②s✐❝❛❧ ❛s♣❡❝ts ♦❢ t❤❡ ✇❛rr✐♦r ✐♥t♦ ❤❛r♠♦♥②
✇✐t❤ ❡❛❝❤ ♦t❤❡r✳ ❱❡rs❡ ✹ ❞❡s❝r✐❜❡s ♣❤②s✐❝❛❧ ✜r❡ ❛s ❛ ✜tt✐♥❣ ✐♠❛❣❡
♦❢ t❤❡ ✐♥♥❡r Agni✳ ❱❡rs❡ ✺ ✐♥ ❧✐♥❡s ❛ ❛♥❞ ❜ ♠❡♥t✐♦♥ t❤❡ ♣r✐♠♦r❞✐❛❧
Indra ✖ t❤❡ ♠♦st ♦♣♣r❡ss✐♥❣ ❛♥❞ ✈✐♦❧❡♥t ❢♦r♠ ♦❢ ❤✐♠✱ ❜✉t r❡♠✐♥❞s
t❤❛t ❤❡ ❜r♦✉❣❤t ♠❛♥② r✐❝❤❡s✳ ❱❡rs❡s ❝ ❛♥❞ ❞ ♠❡♥t✐♦♥ t❤❡ t✇♦
Aśvin✲s ❛s ❛ ❢♦r❝❡ s❤❛♣✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❞♦♠✐♥✐♦♥ ♦❢ t❤✐s ♣r✐♠♦r❞✐❛❧ Indra✳
❱❡rs❡s ✺✕✼ st❛t❡ t❤❛t s✉❝❤ ❞❡✜♥✐♥❣ ✐♥✢✉❡♥❝❡ ♦❢ Aśvin✲s ♦♥t♦ t❤❡
❢♦r♠ ♦❢ Indra ❞♦❡s ♥♦t ❝♦♠❡ ♥❛t✉r❛❧❧② ❜✉t r❡q✉✐r❡s ❧❡❛r♥✐♥❣ s♣❡❝✐❛❧
✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥ ❛♥❞ ✈❡r❜❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥ t❡❝❤♥✐q✉❡s✳ ❱❡rs❡ ✽ ✐s ✉tt❡r❡❞ ❜②
t❤❡ ✇❛rr✐♦r ❛♥❞ t❡❧❧s ♦❢ ❤✐s ❝✉rr❡♥t st❛t❡ ♦❢ ❡①❤❛✉st✐♦♥ s✉❝❤ t❤❛t
❤❡ ❛✈♦✐❞s ❡✈❡♥ ♥♦r♠❛❧ r♦✉s✐♥❣ ✐♥✢✉❡♥❝❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ s✉♥ ❜② ♣r♦❜❛❜❧②
st❛②✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❛ q✉✐❡t ♣❧❛❝❡ ❛❧❧ ✇r❛♣♣❡❞ ✉♣ ✐♥ ❜❧❛♥❦❡ts ♦r s❦✐♥s✳ ❱❡rs❡
✾ ♠❡♥t✐♦♥s ❛❣❛✐♥ ❝♦♠♣❧❡♠❡♥t❛r② ❛♥❞ ❡♥❤❛♥❝✐♥❣ r♦❧❡ ♦❢ Aśvin✲s ♦♥
❢♦r♠s ♦❢ ❜♦t❤ Indra ❛♥❞ ✐♥♥❡r Agni✳
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✸✳✸✾

Viśvāmitra | Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra

ı́ndram . matı́rhr.dá ā´ vacyámānā´chā

pátim . stómatas..tā jigāti |
yā´ jā´gr.virvidáthe śasyámānéndra
yátte jā´yate viddhı́ tásya || 1 ||

diváścidā´ pūrvyā´ jā´yamānā

vı́ jā´gr.virvidáthe śasyámānā |
bhadrā´ vástrān.yárjunā vásānā
séyámasmé sanajā´ pı́tryā dh´ı̄h. || 2 ||

yamā´ cidátra yamasū´rasūta

jihvā´yā ágram . pátadā´ hyásthāt |
vápūm. .si jātā mithunā´ sacete
´
tamohánā tápus.o budhná étā || 3 ||

nákires.ām. ninditā´ mártyes.u

yé asmā´kam . pitáro gós.u yodhā´h. |
ı́ndra es.ām. dr.m. hitā´ mā´hināvān
údgotrā´n.i sasr.je dam . sánāvān || 4 ||

sákhā ha yátra sákhibhirnávagvair

abhijñvā´ sátvabhirgā´ anugmán |
satyám. tádı́ndro daśábhirdáśagvaih.
sū´ryam
. viveda támasi ks.iyántam || 5 ||

ı́ndro mádhu sámbhr.tamusrı́yāyām .

padvádviveda śaphávannáme góh. |
gúhā hitám
. gúhyam. gū..dhámapsú
háste dadhe dáks.in.e dáks.in.āvān || 6 ||
 ✹✽✾

✶✳ ❖ Indra✱ t❤❡ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❣❡st✉r❡ ❬✐s❪ ♣♦✉r❡❞ ❢♦rt❤ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ❤❡❛rt❀
t♦✇❛r❞s t❤❡ ♣r♦t❡❝t♦r s❤❡ ❣♦❡s✱ ❢❛s❤✐♦♥❡❞ ❛s ❛ ❤②♠♥ ♦❢ ♣r❛✐s❡✱
❬s❤❡✱❪ ❜❡✐♥❣ r❡❝✐t❡❞ ❞✉r✐♥❣ ❛ ❦♥♦✇❧❡❞❣❡✲s❤❛r✐♥❣ s❡ss✐♦♥✱
✐s ❦❡❡♣✐♥❣ ❬✉s❪ ❛✇❛❦❡ ✖
✇❤✐❝❤ ❤❛♣♣❡♥s ❢♦r t❤②✱ ❖ Indra✱ s❛❦❡✱ ❦♥♦✇ t❤❛t✦
✶
✷✳ ■♥❞❡❡❞ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ t❤❡ ♣❡❡r❧❡ss ❬❝❤❛♥t❪ ❬✐s❪ ❜❡✐♥❣ ❜♦r♥ ✖
s❤❡✱ r❡❝✐t❡❞ ✐♥ ♣❛rts ❞✉r✐♥❣ ❛ ❦♥♦✇❧❡❞❣❡✲s❤❛r✐♥❣ s❡ss✐♦♥✱
✐s ❦❡❡♣✐♥❣ ❬✉s❪ ❛✇❛❦❡✳
❲❡❛r✐♥❣ ❛✉s♣✐❝✐♦✉s✱ s✐❧✈❡r② ❝❧♦t❤❡s✱
s❤❡✱ t❤✐s ♦♥❡ ✐♥ ✉s✱ ❬✐s❪ ❛ ❜♦r♥ ❧♦♥❣ ❛❣♦ ❛♥❝❡str❛❧ ✈✐s✐♦♥✳
✸✳ ❙❤❡ ✇❤♦ ❜r✐♥❣s t✇✐♥s ❜r♦✉❣❤t ❢♦rt❤ ✐♥ t❤✐s ❝❛s❡ ✐♥❞❡❡❞ t✇✐♥s❀
✷
❜❡❝❛✉s❡ s❤❡ r❡♠❛✐♥❡❞ ❬✇✐t❤ ✉s❪✱
s❤❡ s❤♦✉❧❞ r✉s❤ t♦ t❤❡ t✐♣ ♦❢ t❤❡ t♦♥❣✉❡✳
❇r♦✉❣❤t ✐♥t♦ ❡①✐st❡♥❝❡✱ t❤❡ ♣❛✐r ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥②
✇♦♥❞r♦✉s ❛♣♣❡❛r❛♥❝❡s❀
❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ t❤❡ ❜✉r♥✐♥❣ ♦♥❡✸
❬t❤❡ t✇♦ ❛r❡❪ ❛✈❡rt✐♥❣ ✐♥❡rt✐❛✳
✖✖
✹✳ ◆♦ ♦♥❡ ♦❢ t❤❡s❡ ♠♦rt❛❧s ❤❡r❡ ✐s ❛ s❝♦✛❡r ✖
t❤♦s❡ ✇❤♦ ❬❛r❡❪ ♦✉r ❢❛t❤❡rs ❬✇❡r❡❪ ✜❣❤t❡rs ❛♠♦♥❣ ♦①❡♥ ✳
✹
Indra ❬✐s❪ ♣♦ss❡ss✐♥❣✲❛❜✐❧✐t②✲t♦✲❡①♣❛♥❞ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥❡r
♦❢ t❤❡s❡ ♦♥❡s❀
❤❡✱ ❡♥❞♦✇❡❞ ✇✐t❤ ✇♦♥❞❡r❢✉❧ ♣♦✇❡r✱
❝r❡❛t❡❞ ❧✐♥❡❛❣❡s ❬♦❢ ✇❛rr✐♦rs❪✳
✺✳ ❲❤❡♥❡✈❡r ❛ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥ ✇✐t❤ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s Navagva✲s ✖
❝r♦✉❝❤✐♥❣ ✜❣❤t❡rs ✖ s❤❛❧❧ ❣♦ ❛❢t❡r ❝♦✇s✱
✐t ♠❡❛♥s t❤❛t Indra ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ t❡♥ daśagva✲s ✺
❤❛s ❢♦✉♥❞ t❤❡ s✉♥ r❡s✐❞✐♥❣ ✐♥ t❤❡ ❞❛r❦♥❡ss✳
✻✳ Indra ❬❤❛s ❢♦✉♥❞❪ t❤❡ ❤♦♥❡②
❛❝❝✉♠✉❧❛t❡❞ ✐♥ ❛♣♣❡❛r✐♥❣ ❛t ❞❛✇♥ ❬str❡❛♠❪❀
❤❡ ❤❛s ❢♦✉♥❞ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❢❡❡t ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❤♦♦❢s ♦♥❡
✐♥ t❤❡ ❜❡♥❞ ♦❢ ❛ ❝♦✇✳
❍❡✱ ❣✐✈✐♥❣ s❛❝r✐✜❝✐❛❧ ♣r❡s❡♥ts✱ ❤❡❧❞ ✐♥ t❤❡ r✐❣❤t ❤❛♥❞
❬❤✐♠✱ ✇❤♦ ✐s❪ ❡st❛❜❧✐s❤❡❞ ✐♥ t❤❡ ❝❛✈❡r♥✱ t♦ ❜❡ ❝♦♥❝❡❛❧❡❞✱
❬✇❤♦ ✐s❪ ❤✐❞❞❡♥ ✐♥ t❤❡ ✇❛t❡rs✳
✶ t❤❡ t❡❛❝❤✐♥❣ s❡ss✐♦♥
✷ t❤❡ t✇♦ Aśvin✲s
✸ ✐♥♥❡r Agni
✹ ❂❜✉❧❧✐❡s
✺ ♣r♦❜✳ manipūra ❝❛❦r❛s
.
✹✾✵

jyótirvr.n.ı̄ta támaso vijānánnāré

syāma duritā´dabh´ı̄ke |
imā´ gı́rah. somapāh. somavr.ddha
jus.ásvendra purutámasya kāróh. || 7 ||

jyótiryajñā´ya ródası̄ ánu .syād

āré syāma duritásya bhū´reh. |
bhū´ri ciddhı́ tujató mártyasya
supārā´so vasavo barhán.āvat || 8 ||

śunám . huvema maghávānamı́ndram

asmı́nbháre nŕ.tamam . vā´jasātau |
śr.n.vántamugrámūtáye samátsu
ghnántam . vr.trā´n.i sam . dhánānām || 9 ||
. jı́tam
 ✹✾✶

✼✳ ❍❡✱ ❞✐s❝❡r♥✐♥❣✱ s❤❛❧❧ ❝❤♦♦s❡ ❧✐❣❤t ✐♥st❡❛❞ ♦❢ ❞❛r❦♥❡ss✦

▼❛② ✐♥ ❛♥ ❛❞✈❡rs✐t② ✇❡ ❜❡ ❢❛r ❢r♦♠ ❛ ❜❛❞ ❝♦✉rs❡✦
❉❡❧✐❣❤t ✐♥ t❤❡s❡ ❝❤❛♥ts✱ ❖ Soma✲❞r✐♥❦✐♥❣✱
str❡♥❣t❤❡♥❡❞ ❜② Soma ♦♥❡✱
♦❢ t❤❡ ❜❡st✲❛♠♦♥❣✲♠❛♥② s✐♥❣❡r ♦❢ ❡✉❧♦❣✐❡s✱ ❖ Indra✦
✽✳ ▼❛② ❬t❤❛t❪ ❧✐❣❤t ❜❡ ❛r♦✉♥❞ ❜♦t❤ Rodas✲❡s
❢♦r ❬t♦ ❜❡ ♣❡r❢♦r♠❡❞ ♥❡①t❪ ✜r❡ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣✦
♠❛② ✇❡ ❜❡ ❢❛r ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ♠✉❧t✐t✉❞❡
♦❢ ❞✐✣❝✉❧t✐❡s ✖
❜❡❝❛✉s❡ t❤❡ t✇♦ ❜r✐♥❣ t♦ ❢♦r❡
t❤❡ ✈❡r② ♠✉❧t✐t✉❞❡ ❬♦❢ ❞✐str❛❝t✐♦♥s❪ ♦❢ ❛ ♠♦rt❛❧✱
❬♠❛② ②♦✉ ❜❡❪ ❣✐✈✐♥❣ ❡♥❡r❣❡t✐❝❛❧❧② ❬t♦ ✉s❪ ❛♥ ❡❛s② ♣❛ss❛❣❡✱
❖ ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧ ♦♥❡s✦
✾✳ ❍❛♣♣✐❧② ✇❡ ❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s Indra ✖
t❤❡ ♠♦st ♠❛♥❧② ✐♥ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ✐s ❜❡❛r✐♥❣ ❬❤✐♠❪
❞✉r✐♥❣ ❣❛✐♥✐♥❣ ❛ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱
❛tt❡♥t✐✈❡ ❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s ✖ t♦ ❤❡❧♣ ✐♥ ❝❧❛s❤❡s
❬✉♣♦♥ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ✐s❪ s✉❜❞✉✐♥❣ Vr.tra✲s✱ ❬✇❤♦ ✐s❪ ❛ ✇✐♥♥❡r ♦❢ ♣r✐③❡s✳
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✸✳✹✵

Viśvāmitra | Gāyatrı̄ | t♦ Indra

ı́ndra tvā vr..sabhám . suté sóme havāmahe |

. vayám
sá pāhi mádhvo ándhasah. || 1 ||

ı́ndra kratuvı́dam . sutám . harya purus..tuta |

. sómam
pı́bā´ vr..sasva tā´tr.pim || 2 ||

ı́ndra prá n.o dhitā´vānam . vı́śvebhirdevébhih. |

. yajñám
tirá stavāna viśpate || 3 ||

ı́ndra sómāh. sutā´ imé táva prá yanti satpate |

. candrā´sa ı́ndavah. || 4 ||
ks.áyam

dadhis.vā´ jat.háre sutám

. sómamindra váren.yam |
táva dyuks.ā´sa ı́ndavah. || 5 ||

gı́rvan.ah. pāhı́ nah. sutám. mádhordhā´rābhirajyase |

ı́ndra tvā´dātamı́dyáśah. || 6 ||

abhı́ dyumnā´ni vanı́na ı́ndram . sacante áks.itā |

pı̄tv´ı̄ sómasya vāvr.dhe || 7 ||

arvāváto na ā´ gahi parāvátaśca vr.trahan |

imā´ jus.asva no gı́rah. || 8 ||

yádantarā´ parāvátamarvāvátam
. ca hūyáse |
ı́ndrehá táta ā´ gahi || 9 ||
 ✹✾✸

✶✳ ❖ Indra✱ t❤❡❡✱ ❛♣♣❡❛r✐♥❣ ❛s ❛ ❜✉❧❧✱

✇❡ s✉♠♠♦♥ t♦ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ Soma✦
❙✉❝❤ t❤♦✉✱ ❞r✐♥❦ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❤♦♥❡② ❢r♦♠ ❤❡r❜✦
✷✳ ❖ Indra✱ ❡♥❥♦② ❦♥♦✇✐♥❣✲❛✲♣❛t❤✲t♦✲✉♥❞❡rst❛♥❞✐♥❣
❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ Soma✱ ❖ ♠✉❝❤✲❡✉❧♦❣✐③❡❞ ♦♥❡✦
❉r✐♥❦✱ ❞r❡♥❝❤ ❬t❤②s❡❧❢❪ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ❡✈❡r✲s❛t✐s❢②✐♥❣ ❬Soma❪✦
✸✳ ❖ Indra✱ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ❛❧❧ deva✲s
❡❧❡✈❛t❡ ♦✉r ❝♦♥t❛✐♥✐♥❣ ♠❛♥② ♦✛❡r✐♥❣s s❛❝r✐✜❝❡✱
❖ ❡①t♦❧❧❡❞ ❝❤✐❡❢ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❬❝❡❧❡st✐❛❧❪ tr✐❜❡s✦
✹✳ ❖ Indra✱ t❤❡s❡ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ Soma ❥✉✐❝❡s✱
s❝✐♥t✐❧❧❛t✐♥❣ ❞r♦♣s ♦❢ ♣✉r❡ Soma
❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤ t❤② ❛❜♦❞❡✱ ❖ ♦✈❡rs❡❡r ♦❢ ✇❤❛t✬s r❡❛❧✦
✺✳ P✉t ❬t❤✐s❪ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ Soma ❬t❤❛t ✐s❪ t♦ ❜❡ ♣r❡❢❡rr❡❞ ❬t♦ ❛❧❧ ♦t❤❡rs❪✱
✐♥t♦ ❬t❤②❪ ❜❡❧❧②✱ ❖ Indra✦
❚❤② ❬❛r❡❪ ❡♠♣♦✇❡r❡❞ ❜② t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ❞r♦♣s ♦❢ ♣✉r❡ Soma✦
✻✳ ❖ ❧♦♥❣✐♥❣ ❢♦r ❛ ❝❤❛♥t ♦♥❡✱ ❞r✐♥❦ ♦✉r ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❬Soma❪✦
❚❤♦✉ ❛r❡ ♠❛❞❡ t♦ ❛♣♣❡❛r ✇✐t❤ str❡❛♠s ♦❢ ❤♦♥❡②✱
❖ Indra✦ ❲♦rt❤ ✐s ♦♥❧② ❣✐✈❡♥ ❜② t❤❡❡✦
✼✳ ■♥❡①❤❛✉st✐❜❧❡ ♣♦✇❡rs t♦ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t❡ ♦❢ ❤✐♠✶
✇❤♦ ✐s ✐♥ ♣♦ss❡ss✐♦♥ ♦❢ t❤❡ s♣✐♥❛❧ ❝♦r❞ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥② Indra✳
❍❛✈✐♥❣ ❞r✉♥❦ Soma✱ ❤❡ ❜❡❝❛♠❡ str♦♥❣❡r✳
✽✳ ❈♦♠❡ t♦ ✉s ❢r♦♠ ♥❡❛r❜②
♦r ❢r♦♠ ❛❢❛r✱ ❖ s❧❛②❡r ♦❢ Vr.tra✦
❉❡❧✐❣❤t ✐♥ t❤❡s❡ ♦✉r ❝❤❛♥ts✦
✾✳ ❲❤❡♥ t❤♦✉ ❛r❡ ❝❛❧❧❡❞ ✉♣♦♥
✐♥ ❜❡t✇❡❡♥ ♦❢ ❜❡✐♥❣ ❛❢❛r ❛♥❞ ♥❡❛r❜②
❖ Indra✱ ❝♦♠❡ t❤❡♥ t♦ t❤✐s ♣❧❛❝❡✦

✶ Soma
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✸✳✹✶

Viśvāmitra | Gāyatrı̄ | t♦ Indra

ā´ tū´ na indra madryàgghuvānáh. sómapı̄taye |

háribhyām . yāhyadrivah. || 1 ||

sattó hótā na .rtvı́yastistiré barhı́rānus.ák |

áyujranprātárádrayah. || 2 ||

imā´ bráhma brahmavāhah. kriyánta ā´ barhı́h. sı̄da |

vı̄hı́ śūra puro..dā´śam || 3 ||

rārandhı́ sávanes.u n.a es.ú stómes.u vr.trahan |

ukthés.vindra girvan.ah. || 4 ||

matáyah. somapā´murúm . rihánti śávasaspátim |

ı́ndram
. vatsám
. ná . || 5 ||
mātárah

sá mandasvā hyándhaso rā´dhase tanvā` mahé |

ná stotā´ram
. nidé karah. || 6 ||

vayámindra tvāyávo havı́s.manto jarāmahe |

utá tvámasmayúrvaso || 7 ||

mā´ré asmádvı́ mumuco háripriyārvā´ṅyāhi |

ı́ndra svadhāvo mátsvehá || 8 ||

arvā´ñcam
. tvā sukhé ráthe váhatāmindra keśı́nā |
ghr.tásnū barhı́rāsáde || 9 ||
 ✹✾✺

✶✳ ❚♦✇❛r❞s ✉s✱ ♣❧❡❛s❡✱ Indra✱ t♦✇❛r❞s ♠❡✱

❞♦ ❥♦✉r♥❡② ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ t❤❡ t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s✱
❖ st♦♥❡✲✇✐❡❧❞❡r✱
❜❡✐♥❣ s✉♠♠♦♥❡❞ ❢♦r ❛ ❞r❛✉❣❤t ♦❢ Soma✳
✷✳ ❖✉r s❡❛t❡❞ ✐♥✈♦❦❡r ❦♥♦✇s t❤❡ ♣r♦♣❡r t✐♠❡❀
s❛❝r✐✜❝✐❛❧ ❣r❛ss ✐s s♣r❡❛❞❀ ♦♥❡ ❛❢t❡r t❤❡ ♦t❤❡r
t❤❡ st♦♥❡s ❤❛✈❡ ❜❡❡♥ ❡♠♣❧♦②❡❞ ❛t ❞❛②❜r❡❛❦✳
✸✳ ❚❤❡s❡ ❬✇♦r❞s❪ ❛r❡ ❡✛❡❝t❡❞ ❛s ❛ s❛❝r❡❞ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛✱
❖ ✇❤♦ ✐s ❝♦♥✈❡②❡❞ ❜② ❛ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥✱
s✐t ♦♥ s❛❝r✐✜❝✐❛❧ ❣r❛ss✦
❆❝❝❡♣t✱ ❖ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱ t❤❡ s❛❝r✐✜❝✐❛❧ ❝❛❦❡✦
✹✳ ❚❛❦❡ ♣❧❡❛s✉r❡ ❛❣❛✐♥ ❛♥❞ ❛❣❛✐♥ ✐♥ ♦✉r ♣r❡ss✐♥❣s✱
✐♥ t❤❡s❡ ❤②♠♥s ♦❢ ♣r❛✐s❡✱ ❖ s❧❛②❡r ♦❢ Vrtra✱
✐♥ r❡❝✐t❡❞ ✈❡rs❡s✱ ❖ ❧♦♥❣✐♥❣ ❢♦r ❛ ❝❤❛♥t. Indra✦
✺✳ ▼❡♥t❛❧ ❣❡st✉r❡s ❝❛r❡ss ❞r✐♥❦✐♥❣ Soma
s♣❛❝✐♦✉s ♠❛st❡r ♦❢ t❤❡ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡ t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡ ✖
Indra ✖ ❧✐❦❡ ♠♦t❤❡r ❬❝❛r❡ss❪ ❛ ❝❛❧❢✳
✻✳ ❙✉❝❤ t❤♦✉ ❥✉st ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ✐♥✢❛♠❡❞ ❜② t❤❡ ❤❡r❜
t♦ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❧✐s❤ ❜② t❤②s❡❧❢ s❛t✐s❢❛❝t✐♦♥ ♦❢ str♦♥❣ ❞❡s✐r❡✱
❞♦ ♥♦t ♠❛❦❡ t❤❡ ❤②♠♥✲s✐♥❣❡r ❛♥ ♦❜❥❡❝t ♦❢ r✐❞✐❝✉❧❡✦
✼✳ ❲❡✱ ❖ Indra✱ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ t❤❡❡✱
❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤ ✇✐t❤ ♦❜❧❛t✐♦♥s✱
❛♥❞ t❤♦✉ ❛r❡ ❛ttr❛❝t✐♥❣ ✉s✱ ❖ ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧ ♦♥❡✦
✽✳ ❉♦ ♥♦t r❡❧❡❛s❡ ❬t❤② ❤♦rs❡s❪ ❢❛r ❢r♦♠ ✉s✦
❖ t♦ ✇❤♦♠ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s ❛r❡ ❞❡❛r✱ ❥♦✉r♥❡② ❝♦♠✐♥❣ ❤✐t❤❡r✦
❖ s❡❧❢✲❞❡t❡r♠✐♥✐♥❣ Indra✱ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t❡❞ ❤❡r❡✦
✾✳ ❚✇♦ ❤❛✐r② ♦♥❡s✱ ❞r✐♣♣✐♥❣ ✇✐t❤ ❣❤❡❡✱ s❤❛❧❧ ❝♦♥✈❡② t❤❡❡✱
❝♦♠✐♥❣ ❤✐t❤❡r✇❛r❞✱ ✐♥ ❛ ✇❡❧❧✲♥❛✈❡❞ ❝❤❛r✐♦t
t♦ s✐t ♦♥ ❛ s❛❝r✐✜❝✐❛❧ ❣r❛ss✳
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✸✳✹✷

Viśvāmitra | Gāyatrı̄ | t♦ Indra

úpa nah. sutámā´ gahi sómamindra gávāśiram |

. yáste asmayúh. || 1 ||
háribhyām

támindra mádamā´ gahi barhis..thā´m

. grā´vabhih. sutám |
kuvı́nnvasya tr.pn.ávah. || 2 ||

ı́ndramitthā´ gı́ro mámā´chāguris.itā´ itáh. |

āvŕ.te sómapı̄taye || 3 ||

. sómasya pı̄táye stómairihá havāmahe |

ı́ndram
ukthébhih. kuvı́dāgámat || 4 ||

ı́ndra sómāh. sutā´ imé tā´ndadhis.va śatakrato |

jat.háre vājinı̄vaso || 5 ||

vidmā´ hı́ tvā dhanam . vā´jes.u dadhr..sám

. jayám . kave |
ádhā te sumnámı̄mahe || 6 ||

imámindra gávāśiram . ca nah. piba |

. yávāśiram
āgátyā vŕ..sabhih. sutám || 7 ||

túbhyédindra svá okyè sómam . codāmi pı̄táye |

es.á rārantu te hr.dı́ || 8 ||

tvā´m
. sutásya pı̄táye pratnámindra havāmahe |
kuśikā´so avasyávah. || 9 ||
 ✹✾✼

✶✳ ✏❈♦♠❡ t♦✇❛r❞s ♦✉r ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ Soma✱

❖ Indra✱ ❬Soma t❤❛t ✐s❪ ♠✐①❡❞ ✇✐t❤ ♠✐❧❦✱
t❤❛t ✐s ❛ttr❛❝t✐♥❣ ✉s ❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ t❤② t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s✳
✷✳ ❈♦♠❡ t♦ t❤✐s ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t✐♦♥✱ ❖ Indra✱
t♦ ♣❧❛❝❡❞ ♦♥ s❛❝r✐✜❝✐❛❧ ❣r❛ss✱ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❜② ♣r❡ss✐♥❣✲st♦♥❡s ❬❞r✐♥❦❪✦
❲♦✉❧❞ t❤♦✉ ❜❡ ❛t ♦♥❝❡ s❛t✐s✜❡❞ ✇✐t❤ ✐t❄✑
✖✖
✸✳ ❚❤✉s ♠② s♦♥❣s✱ s❡♥❞ ♦✛ ❢r♦♠ ❤❡r❡✱
♣✉rs✉❡❞ Indra
t♦ t✉r♥ ❬❤✐♠❪ ❤❡r❡ ❢♦r ❛ ❞r❛✉❣❤t ♦❢ Soma✳
✹✳ ❲❡ s✉♠♠♦♥ Indra ❤❡r❡
❢♦r ❛ ❞r❛✉❣❤t ♦❢ Soma ✇✐t❤ ❤②♠♥s ♦❢ ♣r❛✐s❡❀
❲♦✉❧❞ ❤❡ ❝♦♠❡ ❬✐❢ ✇❡r❡ s✉♠♠♦♥❡❞❪ ✇✐t❤ r❡❝✐t❡❞ ✈❡rs❡s❄
✖✖
✺✳ ❖ Indra✱ t❤❡s❡ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ Soma ❥✉✐❝❡s ✖
♣✉t t❤❡♠✱ ❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❛ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ✇✐❧❡s ♦♥❡✱
✐♥t♦ ❬t❤②❪ ❜❡❧❧②✱ ❖ ❦✐♥❞ t♦ ❤❡r ✇❤♦ ♣♦ss❡ss❡s t❤❡ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✦
✻✳ ❙✐♥❝❡ ✇❡ ❦♥♦✇ t❤❡❡ ❛s ✇✐♥♥✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♣r✐③❡✱
❛s ❞❛r✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❝♦♥✢✐❝ts✱ ❖ ❣✐❢t❡❞ ✇✐t❤ ✐♥s✐❣❤t ♦♥❡✱
t❤❡r❡❢♦r❡ ✇❡ r❡s♦rt t♦ t❤② ❜❡♥❡✈♦❧❡♥❝❡✳
✼✳ ❚❤✐s✱ ❖ Indra✱ ♠✐①❡❞ ✇✐t❤ ♠✐❧❦
❛♥❞ ♠✐①❡❞ ✇✐t❤ ❜❛r❧❡② ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❜② ❜✉❧❧s ❬Soma❪
❞r✐♥❦ ❢♦r ♦✉r s❛❦❡✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❝♦♠❡ ❤❡r❡✳
✽✳ ❏✉st ❢♦r t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Indra✱ ✐♥ ♠② ♦✇♥ ❤♦✉s❡
■ ❤❛st❡♥ Soma ❢♦r ❛ ❞r✐♥❦✳
▼❛② ✐t ✐♥ t❤② ❤❡❛rt ❞❡❧✐❣❤t ❬t❤❡❡❪✦
✾✳ ❚❤❡❡✱ t❤❡ ♣r✐♠♦r❞✐❛❧ ♦♥❡✱ ❖ Indra✱
✇❡✱ ❞❡s❝❡♥❞❛♥ts ♦❢ Kuśika✱ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ ❤❡❧♣✱
s✉♠♠♦♥ ❢♦r ❛ ❞r✐♥❦ ♦❢ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❬Soma❪✳
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✸✳✹✸

Viśvāmitra | Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra

ā´ yāhyarvā´ṅúpa vandhures..thā´s

távédánu pradı́vah. somapéyam |
priyā´ sákhāyā vı́ mucópa barhı́s
tvā´mimé havyavā´ho havante || 1 ||

ā´ yāhi pūrv´ı̄ráti cars.an.´ı̄r

ā´m̃
. aryá āśı́s.a úpa no háribhyām |
imā´ hı́ tvā matáya stómatas..tā
ı́ndra hávante sakhyám . jus.ān.ā´h. || 2 ||

ā´ no yajñám. namovŕ.dham . sajós.ā

ı́ndra deva háribhiryāhi tū´yam |
ahám . hı́ tvā matı́bhirjóhavı̄mi
ghr.táprayāh. sadhamā´de mádhūnām || 3 ||

ā´ ca tvā´metā´ vŕ..san.ā váhāto

hárı̄ sákhāyā sudhúrā sváṅgā |
dhānā´vadı́ndrah. sávanam . jus.ān.áh.
sákhā sákhyuh. śr.n.avadvándanāni || 4 ||

kuvı́nmā gopā´m. kárase jánasya

kuvı́drā´jānam
. maghavannr.jı̄s.in |
. papivā´m
kuvı́nma .ŕ.sim . sam. sutásya
kuvı́nme vásvo amŕ.tasya śı́ks.āh. || 5 ||
 ✹✾✾

✶✳ ❈♦♠✐♥❣ ❤✐t❤❡r✇❛r❞✱ st❛t✐♦♥❡❞ ♦♥ ❛ ❝❤❛r✐♦t s❡❛t✱ ❥♦✉r♥❡② ❤❡r❡✦

❆❢t❡r ❛ ❧♦♥❣ t✐♠❡ ✖ t♦ ❛ Soma ❧✐❜❛t✐♦♥ t❤❛t ✐s ♦♥❧② t❤②✦
❙❡t ❢r❡❡ t✇♦ ❝❤❡r✐s❤❡❞ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s ♥❡❛r t❤❡ s❛❝r✐✜❝✐❛❧ ❣r❛ss❀
t❤❡s❡ ❤❡r❡✱ ❜❡❛r✐♥❣ ♦❜❧❛t✐♦♥s✱ ❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥ t❤❡❡✦
✷✳ ❏♦✉r♥❡② ❤❡r❡ ❜❡②♦♥❞ ♠❛♥② ❞r❛✇✐♥❣ t♦ t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s
✶
❤❡r❡✱ t♦ ❜❡ ❝♦♥❞✉❝t❡❞ ✉♣✇❛r❞s ♣❡r ♦✉r ❤♦♣❡s✱ ✇✐t❤ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s✱
❜❡❝❛✉s❡ t❤❡s❡ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❣❡st✉r❡s✱ ❢❛s❤✐♦♥❡❞ ❛s ❛ ❤②♠♥ ♦❢ ♣r❛✐s❡✱
❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥ t❤❡❡✱
❖ Indra✱ ❛❧❧♦✇✐♥❣ ✏❧✐❦❡✲♠✐♥❞❡❞♥❡ss✑ ❬✇✐t❤ t❤❡❡❪ ✳
✷
✸✳ ❍❡r❡✱ t♦ ♦✉r str❡♥❣t❤❡♥✐♥❣✲t❤❡✲r❡✈❡r❡♥❝❡ ✜r❡ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣✱
❬t❤♦✉✱❪ ❛❝t✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❤❛r♠♦♥② ✇✐t❤ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s✱ ❖ deva Indra✱
❥♦✉r♥❡② q✉✐❝❦❧②✱
❜❡❝❛✉s❡ ■ s✉♠♠♦♥ t❤❡❡ ❛❣❛✐♥ ❛♥❞ ❛❣❛✐♥ ✇✐t❤ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❣❡st✉r❡s✱
❬■✱❪ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❣❤❡❡ t♦ ❞❡❧✐❣❤t ✐♥ ❛t ❛ ❞r✐♥❦✐♥❣✲s✇❡❡ts ❜♦✉t✳
✖✖
✹✳ ❆♥❞ s✐♥❝❡ ❤❡r❡ t❤❡s❡ t✇♦ ❜✉❧❧s ❝♦♥✈❡② t❤❡❡✱
t❤❡ t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s✱
✇❡❧❧ ❛tt❛❝❤❡❞ t♦ ❬❝❤❛r✐♦t✬s❪ ♣♦❧❡✱ ❢❛✐r✲❧✐♠❜❡❞ ♦♥❡s✱
s✐♥❝❡ Indra✱ t❛❦✐♥❣ ♣❧❡❛s✉r❡
✐♥ t❤❡ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② ❣r❛✐♥s ♣r❡ss✐♥❣✱
❜❡✐♥❣ ❛ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥✱ ❧✐st❡♥s t♦ ♣r❛✐s❡s ♦❢ ❛ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥✱
✺✳ ✇♦✉❧❞ t❤❡❡ ♠❛❦❡ ♠❡ ❛ ♣r♦t❡❝t♦r ♦❢ ♣❡♦♣❧❡✱
✇♦✉❧❞ t❤❡❡ ❬♠❛❦❡ ♠❡❪ ❛ ❝❤✐❡❢✱ ❖ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s✱
❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❞✐r❡❝t ✐♠♣❛❝t ♦♥❡✦
❲♦✉❧❞ ❬t❤❡❡ ♠❛❦❡ ♠❡❪ ❛ s❡❡r
✇❤♦ ❤❛s ❞r✉♥❦ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❬Soma❪✱
✇♦✉❧❞ t❤❡❡ ✇✐s❤ ❢♦r ♠② s❛❦❡ t♦ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❡♠♣♦✇❡r❡❞
❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧ ❬q✉❛❧✐t✐❡s❪ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❛♠❜r♦s✐❛❄
✖✖

✶ ❂s❡♥s❡s
✷ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✾✳✾✼✳✶✶❝
✺✵✵

ā´ tvā br.hánto hárayo yujānā´

arvā´gindra sadhamā´do vahantu |
prá yé dvitā´ divá .rñjántyā´tāh.
súsammr..s.tāso vr..sabhásya mūrā´h. || 6 ||

ı́ndra pı́ba vŕ..sadhūtasya vŕ..sn.a

ā´ yám
. te śyená uśaté jabhā´ra |
yásya máde cyāváyasi prá kr..s.t´ı̄r
yásya máde ápa gotrā´ vavártha || 7 ||

śunám . huvema maghávānamı́ndram

asmı́nbháre nŕ.tamam . vā´jasātau |
śr.n.vántamugrámūtáye samátsu
ghnántam . vr.trā´n.i sam . dhánānām || 8 ||
. jı́tam
 ✺✵✶

✻✳ ▼❛② ♠✐❣❤t② ②♦❦❡❞ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s ❝♦♥✈❡② t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Indra✱

✸
❤✐t❤❡r✱ t♦ ❞r✐♥❦✐♥❣ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s✦
❲❤✐❝❤ ❝❡rt❛✐♥❧② ♣r❡♣❛r❡ t❤❡ ❞♦♦rs ♦❢ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ✖
t❤♦s❡ ♦❢ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ r❡s❡♠❜❧❡s ❛ ❜✉❧❧
✹
✇❤✐❝❤ ❝❛♥ ✜① ❬t❤❡ ❞♦♦rs ♦♣❡♥❪ ❬❛r❡❪ ✇❡❧❧ ❝❧❡❛♥s❡❞✳
✼✳ ❖ Indra✱ ❞r✐♥❦ t❤❡ ❜✉❧❧ ❛❣✐t❛t❡❞ ❧✐❦❡ ❛ ❜✉❧❧
✇❤✐❝❤ t❤② ❤❛✇❦ ❜r♦✉❣❤t ❤❡r❡ ❢♦r t❤❡❡ ✇❤♦ ❞❡s✐r❡s ❬✐t❪
✐♥ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ✇❤✐❝❤ t❤♦✉ ❝❛✉s❡❞ t❤❡ tr✐❜❡s t♦ ♠✐❣r❛t❡
✐♥ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ✇❤✐❝❤ t❤♦✉ ✉♥❝♦✈❡r❡❞ ❝♦✇s❤❡❞s✳
✖✖
✽✳ ❍❛♣♣✐❧② ✇❡ ❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s Indra ✖
t❤❡ ♠♦st ♠❛♥❧② ✐♥ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ✐s ❜❡❛r✐♥❣ ❬❤✐♠❪
❞✉r✐♥❣ ❣❛✐♥✐♥❣ ❛ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱
❛tt❡♥t✐✈❡ ❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s ✖ t♦ ❤❡❧♣ ✐♥ ❝❧❛s❤❡s
❬✉♣♦♥ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ✐s❪ s✉❜❞✉✐♥❣ Vr.tra✲s✱ ❬✇❤♦ ✐s❪ ❛ ✇✐♥♥❡r ♦❢ ♣r✐③❡s✳

✸ ❞r♦♣s ♦❢ Soma
✹ Soma
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✸✳✹✹

Viśvāmitra | Br.hatı̄ | t♦ Indra

ayám . te astu haryatáh. sóma ā´ háribhih. sutáh. |

jus.ān.á indra háribhirna ā´ gahyā´ tis..tha háritam
. rátham || 1 ||

haryánnus.ásamarcayah. sū´ryam . haryánnarocayah. |

vidvā´m̃
. ścikitv ´
ā nharyaśva vardhasa ı́ndra vı́śvā abhı́ śrı́yah. || 2 ||

dyā´mı́ndro háridhāyasam. pr.thiv´ı̄m. hárivarpasam |

ádhārayaddharı́torbhū´ri bhójanam . yáyorantárháriścárat || 3 ||

jajñānó hárito vŕ..sā vı́śvamā´ bhāti rocanám |

háryaśvo háritam . dhatta ā´yudhamā´ vájram . bāhvórhárim || 4 ||

ı́ndro haryántamárjunam . vájram . śukráırabh´ı̄vr.tam |

ápāvr.n.oddháribhirádribhih. sutámúdgā´ háribhirājata || 5 ||
 ✺✵✸

✶✳ ▼❛② t❤✐s ❜❡ ❢♦r t❤❡❡✱ ❬t❤✐s ✖❪

❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❤❡r❡ ❜② t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s ❞❡❧✐❣❤t❡❞✲✐♥ Soma✦
✶
❚❛❦✐♥❣ ♣❧❡❛s✉r❡ ❬✐♥ ✐t❪✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❝♦♠❡ ❤❡r❡
❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ t❤❡ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s ✱ st❛② ♦♥ t❤❡ ❡♥❝❤❛♥t❡❞ ❝❤❛r✐♦t✦
✷
✷✳ ❚❤♦✉✱ ❞❡❧✐❣❤t✐♥❣ ❬✐♥ t❤❡ Soma❪✱ ♠❛❞❡ t❤❡ ❉❛✇♥ t♦ r❡❝✐t❡ ♣r❛✐s❡s❀
t❤♦✉✱ ❞❡❧✐❣❤t✐♥❣ ❬✐♥ t❤❡ Soma❪✱ ♠❛❞❡ t❤❡ ❙✉♥ r❡s♣❧❡♥❞❡♥t✳
❑♥♦✇✐♥❣✱ ♥♦t✐❝✐♥❣✱ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❛✇♥② ❤♦rs❡s ♦♥❡✱
str❡♥❣t❤❡♥ t❤②s❡❧❢✱ ❖ Indra✱
✐♥ t❤❡ ❞✐r❡❝t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❛❧❧ ❛✉s♣✐❝✐♦✉s s✐❣♥s✳
✸✳ Indra ♠❛❞❡ ♥♦✉r✐s❤✐♥❣✲t❛✇♥②✲♦♥❡s ❍❡❛✈❡♥
❬❛♥❞❪ ❤❛✈✐♥❣✲✈❡r❞❛♥t✲❛♣♣❡❛r❛♥❝❡ ❊❛rt❤
t♦ ♠❛✐♥t❛✐♥ ♣❧❡♥t✐❢✉❧ s♦✉r❝❡ ♦❢ ♣❧❡❛s✉r❡ ✐♥ t❤❡ t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s
❜❡t✇❡❡♥ ✇❤✐❝❤ t❤❡ ❡♥❝❤❛♥t✐♥❣ ♦♥❡ s❤❛❧❧ r♦❛♠✳
✹✳ ❍❛✈✐♥❣ ❡♠❡r❣❡❞✱ ❡♥❝❤❛♥t❡❞ ❜✉❧❧ s❤✐♥❡s
✉♣♦♥ ❡♥t✐r❡ ❧✉♠✐♥♦✉s s♣❤❡r❡✳
❍❛✈✐♥❣ t❛✇♥② ❤♦rs❡s✱ ❤❡ ♣✉ts ✐♥t♦ ❛r♠s
❡♥❝❤❛♥t❡❞ ✇❡❛♣♦♥ ✖ ❣♦❧❞❡♥ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✳
✺✳ Indra✱ ❞❡❧✐❣❤t✐♥❣ ✐♥ s✐❧✈❡r②
s✉rr♦✉♥❞❡❞ ❜② tr❛♥s❧✉❝❡♥t ❬❞r♦♣s❪ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✱
✉♥❝♦✈❡r❡❞ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ t❛✇♥② r♦❝❦s ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❬Soma❪✳
✸
❚❤❡② ❞r♦✈❡ ✉♣✇❛r❞s ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ t❛✇♥② ❬❞r♦♣s❪ t❤❡ ❝♦✇s ✳ ✹

✶ t❡❡t❤
✷ ❞r♦♣s ♦❢ Soma ❡①tr❛❝t
✸ t❡❡t❤
✹ ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✸✳✹✺

Viśvāmitra | Br.hatı̄ | t♦ Indra

ā´ mandráırindra háribhiryāhı́ mayū´raromabhih. |

mā´ tvā ké cinnı́ yamanvı́m
. ná pāśı́nó ti dhánveva tā´m̃
′
. ihi || 1 ||

vr.trakhādó valam . rujáh. purā´m

. darmó apā´majáh. |
sthā´tā ráthasya háryorabhisvará ı́ndro dr...dhā´ cidārujáh. || 2 ||

gambhı̄rā´m̃
. udadh´ı̄m̃ . pus.yasi gā´ iva |
. riva krátum
prá sugopā´ yávasam
. dhenávo yathā hradám. kulyā´ ivāśata || 3 ||

ā´ nastújam . bharā´m

. rayı́m . ná pratijānaté |
. śam
vr.ks.ám . phálamaṅk´ı̄va dhūnuh´ı̄ndra sampā´ran.am
. pakvám . vásu || 4 ||

svayúrindra svarā´..dasi smáddis..tih. sváyaśastarah. |

sá vāvr.dhāná ójasā purus..tuta bhávā nah. suśrávastamah. || 5 ||
 ✺✵✺

✶✳ ❏♦✉r♥❡② ❤❡r❡✱ ❖ Indra✱ ✇✐t❤ ❞❡❧✐❣❤t❢✉❧

t❛✇♥② ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ♣❡❛❝♦❝❦✲❧✐❦❡ ❞❛✇♥ ♦♥❡s✳
▼❛② ♥♦t ❛♥②♦♥❡ ❤♦❧❞ t❤❡❡ ❞♦✇♥
❧✐❦❡ t❤♦s❡ ❧❛②✐♥❣ s♥❛r❡s ❬❤♦❧❞ ❞♦✇♥❪ ❛ ❜✐r❞✱
♣❛ss t❤❡♠ ❜② ✖ ❛s ❛ ❞❡s❡rt ✦
✶ ✷
✷✳ Pr❡②✐♥❣ ✉♣♦♥ Vr.tra✱ s❤❛tt❡r✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❝❛✈❡r♥✱
❜r❡❛❦❡r ♦❢ ✇❛❧❧s✱ ❞r✐✈❡r ♦❢ ✇❛t❡rs✱
st❛②✐♥❣ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❝❤❛r✐♦t t♦ ❣✉✐❞❡ ✇✐t❤ ✈♦✐❝❡ t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s✱
Indra ✐s ❜r❡❛❦✐♥❣ ♦♣❡♥ ❡✈❡♥ str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞s✳
✸✳ ❚❤♦✉ ❢♦st❡r r❡s♦✉r❝❡❢✉❧♥❡ss ❛s ✐❢ ✐t ✇❡r❡ ❝♦✇s
❛s ✐❢ ✐t ✇❡r❡ ❞❡❡♣ r❡❝❡♣t❛❝❧❡s ♦❢ ✇❛t❡rs✱
❬❞✐r❡❝t✐♥❣ ✐t❪ ❢♦r✇❛r❞
❧✐❦❡ ❛ ❣♦♦❞ s❤❡♣❤❡r❞ ♠✐❧❝❤✲❝♦✇s t♦ ❛ ♣❛st✉r❡✱
❧✐❦❡ ❝❤❛♥♥❡❧s r❡❛❝❤ ❛ ♣♦♦❧ ✳ ✸
✹✳ ❇r✐♥❣ ✉s t❤❡ ❣✐❢t ♦❢ ❝♦♥❝❡♥tr❛t✐♦♥
❧✐❦❡ ❛ s❤❛r❡ ❬♦❢ s♣♦✐❧s❪ t♦ ♦♥❡
✇❤♦ ✐s ❞✐r❡❝t❧② ❡①♣❡r✐❡♥❝✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡ ❜❛tt❧❡❪✳
❆s ❤❡ ✇❤♦ ❤❛s ❛ ❤♦♦❦ ❬s❤❛❦❡s❪ r✐♣❡ ❢r✉✐t ♦✛ ❛ tr❡❡✱
s❤❛❦❡ ♦✛✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❧❡❛❞✐♥❣✲t♦✲t❤❡✲❣♦❛❧ ❜❡♥❡✜t✳
✺✳ ❖ Indra✱ t❤♦✉ ❛r❡ s❡❧❢✲r✉❧✐♥❣✱ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ t❤② ♦✇♥ ✇❛② ♦♥❡✱
❣✐✈✐♥❣ ❞✐r❡❝t✐♦♥s ✐♥st❛♥t❧②✱
t❤❡ ♦♥❡ ♠♦st ✇♦rt❤②✲❜②✲❤✐♠s❡❧❢✳
❙✉❝❤✱ ❜❡❝♦♠✐♥❣ ✈✐❣♦r♦✉s❧② str♦♥❣❡r✱ ❖ ♠✉❝❤✲❡✉❧♦❣✐③❡❞ ♦♥❡✱
❜❡ ❢♦r ✉s ❛❜♦✉♥❞✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❣❧♦r②✦

✶ t❤♦s❡ ✇❤♦ ❛tt❡♠♣t t♦ ❤♦❧❞ t❤❡❡ ❞♦✇♥

✷ t❤❛t ✐s✱ ♣❧❛❝❡ ❞❡✈♦✐❞ ♦❢ Soma
✸ t❤❛t ✐s✱ ❛❝❝✉♠✉❧❛t✐♥❣ ❛♥❞ ❝♦♠❜✐♥✐♥❣ s❦✐❧❧s
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✸✳✹✻

Viśvāmitra | Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra

yudhmásya te vr..sabhásya svarā´ja

ugrásya yū´na sthávirasya ghŕ..sveh. |
ájūryato vajrı́n.o vı̄ryā`n.´ı̄ndra
śrutásya maható mahā´ni || 1 ||

mahā´m̃. asi mahis.a vŕ..sn.yebhir

dhanaspŕ.dugra sáhamāno anyā´n |
éko vı́śvasya bhúvanasya rā´jā
sá yodháyā ca ks.ayáyā ca jánān || 2 ||

prá mā´trābhı̄ ririce rócamānah.

prá devébhirviśváto ápratı̄tah. |
prá majmánā divá ı́ndrah. pr.thivyā´h.
prórórmahó antáriks.ādr.jı̄s.´ı̄ || 3 ||

urúm. gabhı̄rám. janús.ābhyùgrám.

viśvávyacasamavatám . matı̄nā´m |
ı́ndram . sómāsah. pradı́vi sutā´sah.
samudrám . ná sraváta ā´ viśanti || 4 ||

yám . sómamindra pr.thiv´ı̄dyā´vā

gárbham . ná mātā´ bibhr.tástvāyā´ |
tám. te hinvanti támu te mr.jantyadhvaryávo
vr..sabha pā´tavā´ u || 5 ||
 ✺✵✼

✶✳ ❖❢ ❛ ✜❣❤t❡r ✖ ♦❢ t❤❡❡ ✖ ✇❤♦ r❡s❡♠❜❧❡s ❛ ❜✉❧❧✱

❬✇❤♦ ✐s❪ s❡❧❢✲r✉❧✐♥❣✱
♦❢ ❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s ②♦✉♥❣ ❡♥❞✉r✐♥❣ t❤r✐❧❧✲✐♥❞✉❝✐♥❣ ♦♥❡✱
♦❢ ✉♥❛❣✐♥❣ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲✇✐❡❧❞❡r ❞❡❡❞s ♦❢ ✈❛❧♦r ✖
♦❢ ❢❛♠❡❞ ❡①❛❧t✐♥❣ ♦♥❡✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❛r❡ ❣r❡❛t✳
✷✳ ❚❤♦✉ ❛r❡ ❡①❛❧t✐♥❣✱ ❖ ♠✐❣❤t② ♦♥❡✱ t❤r♦✉❣❤ ♠❛♥❧② ❞❡❡❞s✱
♦✛❡r✐♥❣ ✈✐♦❧❡♥❝❡ t♦ ♦t❤❡rs ❬t❤♦✉ ❛r❡❪ ❝❛rr②✐♥❣ ❛✇❛② ♣r✐③❡s✱
❖ ❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s ♦♥❡✦
❚❤❡ s♦❧❡ ❝❤✐❡❢t❛✐♥ ♦❢ ❡✈❡r② ♣❧❛❝❡ ♦❢ ❡①✐st❡♥❝❡✱
❤❡ ❬✐s ♦✛❡r✐♥❣ ✈✐♦❧❡♥❝❡❪ t♦ ♣❡♦♣❧❡
❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ ✇❛r ❛♥❞ ❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ ♣❡❛❝❡✳
✸✳ ❍❡✱ s❤✐♥✐♥❣✱ ❤❛s s✉r♣❛ss❡❞ ❬❛❧❧ ♦t❤❡rs❪ ❜② ❞❡❣r❡❡s✱
❬❤❡✱❪ ✇✐t❤ deva✲s ♦♥ ❛❧❧ s✐❞❡s✱ ✐s ♥♦t✲❝♦✉♥t❡r❜❛❧❛♥❝❡❞✳
Indra ♠❛❥❡st✐❝❛❧❧② ❬❤❛s s✉r♣❛ss❡❞❪ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤✱
❣r❡❛t s♣❛❝✐♦✉s ✐♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ s♣❛❝❡✱
❬❤❡ ✇❤♦ ✐s❪ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❞✐r❡❝t ✐♠♣❛❝t✳
✹✳ ❬❍✐♠❪ ✖ s♣❛❝✐♦✉s✱
❞❡❡♣ t❤r♦✉❣❤ ❝✐r❝✉♠st❛♥❝❡s ♦❢ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❛t✐♦♥✱
❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s✱
❡♥❝♦♠♣❛ss✐♥❣✲❡✈❡r②✲❬❛s♣❡❝t❪ ✇❡❧❧ ♦❢ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❣❡st✉r❡s ✖
Indra ✖ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ Soma ❥✉✐❝❡s ❡♥t❡r ❞✉r✐♥❣ ❡❛r❧② ❤♦✉rs ♦❢ ❞❛②
❧✐❦❡ r✐✈❡rs ❬❡♥t❡r❪ t❤❡ s❡❛✳
✺✳ ❲❤✐❝❤ Soma✱ ❖ Indra✱ t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤ ❛♥❞ ❍❡❛✈❡♥
❜❡❛r ❢♦r t❤② s❛❦❡ ❧✐❦❡ ♠♦t❤❡r ❬❜❡❛rs❪ ❛♥ ❡♠❜r②♦
t❤❛t ❢♦r t❤❡❡ adhvaryu✲s ✐♠♣❡❧ ❬t❤r♦✉❣❤ ✜❧t❡r❪
t❤❛t t❤❡② ♠❛❦❡ ❢r❡❡ ❢r♦♠ ✐♠♣✉r✐t✐❡s ❢♦r t❤❡❡✱
❖ ❛♣♣❡❛r✐♥❣ ❛s ❛ ❜✉❧❧ ♦♥❡✱ t♦ ❞r✐♥❦✳
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✸✳✹✼

Viśvāmitra | Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra

marútvām̃ . indra vr..sabhó rán.āya

pı́bā sómamanus.vadhám . mádāya |
ā´ siñcasva jat.háre mádhva ūrmı́m .
tvám . rā´jāsi pradı́vah. sutā´nām || 1 ||

sajós.ā indra ságan.o marúdbhih.

sómam . piba vr.trahā´ śūra vidvā´n |
. rápa mŕ.dho nudasvā´thā´bhayam
jahı́ śátrūm̃ .
kr.n.uhi viśváto nah. || 2 ||

utá .rtúbhirr.tupāh. pāhi

. nah. |
sómamı́ndra devébhih. sákhibhih. sutám
yā´m̃
. ā´bhajo marúto yé tvā´nváhan
vr.trámádadhustúbhyamójah. || 3 ||

yé tvāhihátye maghavannávardhan

yé śāmbaré harivo yé gávis..tau |
yé tvā nūnámanumádanti vı́prāh.
pı́bendra sómam . ságan.o marúdbhih. || 4 ||

marútvantam . vr..sabhám
. vāvr.dhānámákavārim
.
divyám . śāsámı́ndram |
viśvāsā´hamávase nū´tanāyográm .
sahodā´mihá tám . huvema || 5 ||
 ✺✵✾

✶✳ ❆❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② Marut✲s✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❛♣♣❡❛r✐♥❣ ❛s ❛ ❜✉❧❧✱

❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❬❝♦♠✐♥❣❪ ❜❛tt❧❡✱
❞r✐♥❦ Soma ♦❢ t❤② ♦✇♥ ❛❝❝♦r❞ ❢♦r ❛♥ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t✐♦♥✱
♣♦✉r ✐♥ ✐♥t♦ ❬t❤②❪ ❜❡❧❧② t❤❡ ✇❛✈❡ ♦❢ ❤♦♥❡② ✖
❢r♦♠ ♦❢ ♦❧❞ t❤♦✉ ❛r❡ t❤❡ s♦✈❡r❡✐❣♥ ♦❢ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❬❥✉✐❝❡s❪✳
✷✳ ❆❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❛♥❞ ❛❝t✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❤❛r♠♦♥② ✇✐t❤ Marut✲s✱
❞r✐♥❦ Soma✦
❍❡ ✇❤♦ ❤❛s ❢♦✉♥❞ ❬t❤❡ Soma❪ ✐s ❛ s❧❛②❡r ♦❢ Vr.tra✱
❖ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✦
❙❧❛② ❡♥❡♠✐❡s✱ r❡♠♦✈❡ t❤❡ ❝♦♥t❡♠♣t✦
◆♦✇ ❡✛❡❝t ❡✈❡r②✇❤❡r❡ ❢♦r ✉s t❤❡ ❢❡❛r❧❡ss♥❡ss✦
✸✳ ❆♥❞✱ ❛❝❝♦r❞✐♥❣ t♦ t❤❡ ♣r♦♣❡r s❡q✉❡♥❝❡✱
❖ ❞r✐♥❦❡r ❛t ❛ ♣r♦♣❡r ♠♦♠❡♥t✱
❞r✐♥❦ ♦✉r ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ Soma✱ ❖ Indra✱ ✇✐t❤ ❝❡❧❡st✐❛❧ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s
✇❤✐❝❤ t❤♦✉ ❝❛✉s❡❞ t♦ s❤❛r❡ ❬t❤❡ Soma❪ ✖ Marut✲s✱
✇❤♦ ❬st♦♦❞❪ ❜② t❤❡❡ ✖ t❤♦✉ ❞✐❞ str✐❦❡ Vr.tra✱
❬❛♥❞❪ t❤❡② ❣❛✈❡ t❤❡❡ ❛ ❢r❡♥③②✱
✹✳ ❬t❤❡②✱❪ ✇❤♦ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥❡❞ t❤❡❡ ❞✉r✐♥❣ s❧❛②✐♥❣ ♦❢ t❤❡ s♥❛❦❡✱
❖ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡✱
✇❤♦ ✖ ❞✉r✐♥❣ ❬❝❛♠♣❛✐❣♥ ❛❣❛✐♥st❪ Śambara✱
✇❤♦ ✖ ✐♥ ❢♦r❛② ❢♦r ❝♦✇s✱ ❖ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞✲❜②✲t❛✇♥②✲♦♥❡s ♦♥❡✱
✇❤♦✱ ✐♥s♣✐r❡❞✱ r❡❥♦✐❝❡ ♦✈❡r t❤❡❡ ♥♦✇ ✖
❞r✐♥❦ Soma✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② Marut✲s✦
✺✳ ❆tt❡♥❞❡❞ ❜② t❤❡ Marut✲s✱ ❛♣♣❡❛r✐♥❣ ❛s ❛ ❜✉❧❧✱
❣r♦✇✐♥❣ str♦♥❣❡r ♥♦♥✲s❡❧✜s❤ ❝❡❧❡st✐❛❧ ❝♦♠♠❛♥❞❡r ✖ Indra ✖
♣r❡✈❛✐❧✐♥❣ ♦✈❡r ❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣ ✖ t♦ ❤❡❧♣ t♦❞❛② ✖
❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s✱ ❣✐✈✐♥❣ ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ str❡♥❣t❤ ✖
✇❡ ❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥ s✉❝❤ ❤❡r❡✳
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✸✳✹✽

Viśvāmitra | Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra

sadyó ha jātó vr..sabháh. kan´ı̄nah.

prábhartumāvadándhasah. sutásya |
sādhóh. piba pratikāmám . yáthā te
rásāśirah. prathamám. somyásya || 1 ||

yájjā´yathāstádáharasya kā´me ′m . śóh.

pı̄yū´.samapibo giris..thā´m |
. te mātā´ pári yós.ā jánitrı̄
tám
maháh. pitúrdáma ā´siñcadágre || 2 ||

upasthā´ya mātáramánnamait..ta
tigmámapaśyadabhı́ sómamū´dhah. |
prayāváyannacaradgŕ.tso anyā´n
mahā´ni cakre purudhápratı̄kah. || 3 ||

ugrásturās.ā´..dabhı́bhūtyojā
yathāvaśám . tanvàm . cakra es.áh. |
tvás..tāramı́ndro janús.ābhibhū´yāmús.yā
sómamapibaccamū´.su || 4 ||

śunám . huvema maghávānamı́ndram

asmı́nbháre nŕ.tamam . vā´jasātau |
śr.n.vántamugrámūtáye samátsu
ghnántam . vr.trā´n.i sam . dhánānām || 5 ||
. jı́tam
 ✺✶✶

✶✳ ❘❡s❡♠❜❧✐♥❣ ❛ ❜✉❧❧ ②♦✉t❤✱ ✐♥ t❤❡ ✈❡r② ♠♦♠❡♥t ❬❤❡ ✇❛s❪ ❜♦r♥✱

✐♠♣❡❧❧❡❞ t♦ ♦✛❡r ❬❤✐♠ ❛ ❞r❛✉❣❤t❪
♦❢ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❢r♦♠ ❛♥ ❤❡r❜ ❬Soma❪✳
❉r✐♥❦ ✖ ❛s ✐s t❤② ✇✐s❤ ✖ ✜rst ♦❢ ❛❧❧✱ ❧❡❛❞✐♥❣ str❛✐❣❤t t♦ ❛ ❣♦❛❧
♠✐①❡❞ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ s❛♣ ❬♦❢ t❤❡ ❤❡r❜❪ ❬❞r❛✉❣❤t❪ ❝♦♥t❛✐♥✐♥❣ Soma✦
✷✳ ❲❤❡♥ t❤♦✉ ✇❡r❡ ❜♦r♥✱ t❤❡♥✱ ♦♥ t❤❛t ❞❛②✱
✐♥ t❤❡ ❞❡s✐r❡ ♦❢ t❤✐s ♦♥❡ ✶
t❤♦✉ ❞r❛♥❦ r❡s✐❞✐♥❣ ✐♥ ♠♦✉♥t❛✐♥s ❛♠❜r♦s✐❛ ♦❢ t❤❡ st❛❧❦✳
❚❤❛t ❢♦r t❤❡❡ t❤❡ ♠♦t❤❡r ✱ ②♦✉♥❣ ✇♦♠❛♥ ❛❧❧ ❛r♦✉♥❞✱
✷
❛ ❣❡♥✐tr✐①✱ ♣♦✉r❡❞ ✐t ✜rst ✐♥ t❤❡ ❤♦✉s❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❣r❡❛t ❢❛t❤❡r ✳ ✸
✖✖
✸✳ ❍❛✈✐♥❣ ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤❡❞✱ ❤❡ ❛s❦❡❞ t❤❡ ♠♦t❤❡r ❢♦r ❢♦♦❞✱
❤❡ ❧♦♦❦❡❞ ✉♣♦♥ s❝♦r❝❤✐♥❣ Soma ❛s ❛♥ ✉❞❞❡r✳
❍❡✱ ❜❡✐♥❣ ❝❧❡✈❡r✱ r♦❛♠❡❞ ❛❜♦✉t ❬t❤✉s❪ ♠❛❦✐♥❣ ♦t❤❡rs
t♦ s❡♣❛r❛t❡ ❬❢r♦♠ ❤✐♠❪✳ ✹
❍❛✈✐♥❣ ✈❛r✐♦✉s ♦✉t✇❛r❞s ❢♦r♠s✱ ❤❡ ♣❡r❢♦r♠❡❞ ❣r❡❛t ❞❡❡❞s✳
✹✳ ❋❡r♦❝✐♦✉s✱ ♣r❡✈❛✐❧✐♥❣ ❜② ♣✉s❤✐♥❣ ❢♦r✇❛r❞✱
❤❛✈✐♥❣ ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱
t❤✐s ♦♥❡ ♠❛❞❡ t❤❡ ❜♦❞② ❛❝❝♦r❞✐♥❣ t♦ ❬❤✐s❪ ✇✐s❤✱
❜❡❝♦♠✐♥❣ s✉♣❡r✐♦r t♦ Tvas..t.r ❛♥❞ ❝✐r❝✉♠st❛♥❝❡s ♦❢ ❜✐rt❤✱
st❡❛❧✐♥❣ Soma✱ ❤❡ ❞r❛♥❦ ❬✐t❪ ✐♥ t❤❡ r❡❝❡♣t❛❝❧❡s✳
✖✖
✺✳ ❍❛♣♣✐❧② ✇❡ ❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s Indra ✖
t❤❡ ♠♦st ♠❛♥❧② ✐♥ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ✐s ❜❡❛r✐♥❣ ❬❤✐♠❪
❞✉r✐♥❣ ❣❛✐♥✐♥❣ ❛ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱
❛tt❡♥t✐✈❡ ❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s ✖ t♦ ❤❡❧♣ ✐♥ ❝❧❛s❤❡s
❬✉♣♦♥ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ✐s❪ s✉❜❞✉✐♥❣ Vr.tra✲s✱ ❬✇❤♦ ✐s❪ ❛ ✇✐♥♥❡r ♦❢ ♣r✐③❡s✳

❚❤✐s ❤②♠♥ ✐s ❛❜♦✉t ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❛t✐♦♥✱ ♦r ❜✐rt❤✱ ♦❢ Indra ✐♥s✐❞❡ ❛ ②♦✉♥❣

♠❛♥✳ ❍✐s ♠♦t❤❡r ✐s Pr.śni ✖ t❤❡ s❡❞✉❝t✐✈❡ ♣♦✇❡r ♦❢ tr❛♥s❣r❡ss✐♦♥✱
❛♥ ❡♥t✐❝❡♠❡♥t t♦ r❡❜❡❧✱ ❤✐s ❢❛t❤❡r ✐s Rudra ✖ t❤❡ ❞r✐✈❡ t♦ s❡❧❢✲
✐♥❞✐✈✐❞✉❛t❡✱ ❛♥❞ ❤✐s ♥♦✉r✐s❤♠❡♥t ✐s Soma ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ❤❡❧♣ ♦❢ ✇❤✐❝❤
t❤❡ ♠❛♥ ♦✈❡r❝♦♠❡s ❧✐♠✐t❛t✐♦♥s ♦❢ ❤✐s ❜♦❞② ✭Tvas.t.r ♠♦❧❞s t❤❡ ❢♦r♠s
♦❢ t❤❡ ❜♦❞② ♣❡r ✶✵✳✶✽✹✳✶✮ ❛♥❞ ❝✐r❝✉♠st❛♥❝❡s ♦❢.❜✐rt❤✳
✶ ♣♦❡t✱ ♦r s✐♥❣❡r✱ ♦❢ t❤✐s ❤②♠♥
✷ Prśni
.
✸ Rudra
✹ ❚❤✐s st❛♥③❛ ♣r♦❜✳ r❡❢❡rs t♦ t❤❡ ❛❝t✐✈✐t② ❞❡s❝r✐❜❡❞ ✐♥ ✈❡rs❡ ✶✶✶ ♦❢

Vijñānabhairava t❛♥tr❛
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✸✳✹✾

Viśvāmitra | Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra

śám. sā mahā´mı́ndram . yásminvı́śvā ā´

kr..s.táyah. somapā´h. kā´mamávyan |
yám . sukrátum . dhis.án.e vibhvatas..tám
.
ghanám . . n.ām
vr tr ´
ā . janáyanta devā´h. || 1 ||

yám. nú nákih. pŕ.tanāsu svarā´jam.

dvitā´ tárati nŕ.tamam. haris..thā´m |
inátamah. sátvabhiryó ha śūs.áıh.
pr.thujráyā aminādā´yurdásyoh. || 2 ||

sahā´vā pr.tsú tarán.ir

nā´rvā vyānaś´ı̄ ródası̄ mehánāvān |
bhágo ná kāré hávyo matı̄nā´m .
pitéva cā´ruh. suhávo vayodhā´h. || 3 ||

dhartā´ divó rájasaspr..s.tá ūrdhvó

rátho ná vāyúrvásubhirniyútvān |
ks.apā´m
. vastā´ janitā´ sū´ryasya
vı́bhaktā bhāgám. dhis.án.eva vā´jam || 4 ||

śunám . huvema maghávānamı́ndram

asmı́nbháre nŕ.tamam . vā´jasātau |
śr.n.vántamugrámūtáye samátsu
ghnántam . vr.trā´n.i sam . dhánānām || 5 ||
. jı́tam
 ✺✶✸

✶✳ ❙✐♥❝❡ ■ ❛♥♥♦✉♥❝❡ t❤❡ ♠✐❣❤t② Indra✱

✐♥ ✇❤♦♠ ❛❧❧ ❞r✐♥❦✐♥❣ Soma tr✐❜❡s ❤❡r❡
❛❝❝❡♣t t❤❡ ❞❡s✐r❡ ❬t♦ ❞r✐♥❦ Soma❪✱ ❬❛♥♥♦✉♥❝❡❪ ❤✐♠✱
✇❤♦ ✐♥ ❛ ♠❛❦✐♥❣✲❡✛♦rt✲t♦✲✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❡ ♦♥❡ ❤❛s ❣♦♦❞ ❞❡s✐❣♥s✱
✇❤♦ ✐s ❢❛s❤✐♦♥❡❞ ❜② t❤❡ ♣❡r✈❛❞✐♥❣ ♦♥❡✱
❬✇❤♦♠❪ deva✲s s❤❛❧❧ ❝❛✉s❡ t♦ ❡♠❡r❣❡ ❛s ❛ ❞❡str♦②❡r ♦❢ Vr.tra✲s✱
✷✳ ❬❤✐♠✱❪ s❡❧❢✲r✉❧✐♥❣✱ ♠♦st ♠❛♥❧②✱ st❛②✐♥❣ ✇✐t❤ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s✱
✇❤♦♠ ❝❡rt❛✐♥❧② ♥♦✲♦♥❡ ♦✈❡r❝♦♠❡s ✐♥ ❜❛tt❧❡s✱
✇❤♦ ✇✐t❤ ❬❤✐s❪ ❤✐❣❤✲s♣✐r✐t❡❞ ✜❣❤t❡rs
✐s t❤❡ ♠♦st ❛❜❧❡ ❬♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛tt❧❡✜❡❧❞❪✱
❬✐t ♠❡❛♥s t❤❛t✱❪ ✇✐❞❡❧② ❡①t❡♥❞❡❞ ❬✐♥s✐❞❡❪✱
❤❡ ❞✐♠✐♥✐s❤❡❞ t❤❡ ✈✐t❛❧ ♣♦✇❡r ♦❢ t❤❡ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡ t♦ s✉✛❡r ✇❛♥t✳
✖✖
✸✳ Pr❡✈❛✐❧✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❜❛tt❧❡s✱ ❝❛rr②✐♥❣ ❛❝r♦ss ❧✐❦❡ ❛ ❝♦✉rs❡r ❬✐t ❪✱
✶
str❡❛♠✐♥❣ ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥t❧② ❛❝r♦ss r❡♣♦s✐♥❣ ✐♥ vyāna t✇♦ Rodas✲❡s✱
❧✐❦❡ ❛ ❣♦♦❞ ❢♦rt✉♥❡ ❞✉r✐♥❣ ❛ ❞❡❝✐s✐✈❡ ❛❝t✐♦♥
t♦ ❜❡ ❝❛❧❧❡❞ ✉♣♦♥ ✇✐t❤ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❣❡st✉r❡s✱
❧✐❦❡ t❤❡ ❢❛t❤❡r ✖ ❡st❡❡♠❡❞✱ ❧✐st❡♥✐♥❣ ✇✐❧❧✐♥❣❧②✱
❬❤❡ ✐s❪ ❣✐✈✐♥❣ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❛♥❞ ❜♦❞✐❧② ❡♥❡r❣②✳
✹✳ ❙✉♣♣♦rt❡r ♦❢ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥✱ ♦❢ t❤❡ r❡❣✐♦♥ ❬♦❢ t❤♦✉❣❤ts❪✱
❬❤❡ ✐s❪ s♦✉❣❤t ❛❢t❡r ❛s t❤❡ t❡♥❞✐♥❣ ✉♣✇❛r❞s ♦♥❡✳
❉❡s✐r❛❜❧❡ ❛s ❛ ❝❤❛r✐♦t✱ ❤❡ ❤❛s ✐♥♥❡r ❝♦♥♥❡❝t✐♦♥s
✇✐t❤ ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧ t❤✐♥❣s✳
■❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t♦r ♦❢ ♥✐❣❤ts✱ ❛ ♣r♦❣❡♥✐t♦r ♦❢ t❤❡ s✉♥✱
❬❤❡ ✐s❪ ❛♥ ❛♣♣♦rt✐♦♥❡r ♦❢ ❣♦♦❞ ❧✉❝❦ ❧✐❦❡ ❛♥ ❡✛♦rt t♦ ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❡
❬✐s ❛♥ ❛♣♣♦rt✐♦♥❡r ♦❢❪ ❛ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✳
✖✖
✺✳ ❍❛♣♣✐❧② ✇❡ ❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s Indra ✖
t❤❡ ♠♦st ♠❛♥❧② ✐♥ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ✐s ❜❡❛r✐♥❣ ❬❤✐♠❪
❞✉r✐♥❣ ❣❛✐♥✐♥❣ ❛ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱
❛tt❡♥t✐✈❡ ❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s ✖ t♦ ❤❡❧♣ ✐♥ ❝❧❛s❤❡s
❬✉♣♦♥ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ✐s❪ s✉❜❞✉✐♥❣ Vr.tra✲s✱ ❬✇❤♦ ✐s❪ ❛ ✇✐♥♥❡r ♦❢ ♣r✐③❡s✳

❱❡rs❡s ✶ ❛♥❞ ✷ ❛r❡ ❛♥ ❛♥♥♦✉♥❝❡♠❡♥t t❤❛t ❛ ♣❛rt✐❝✉❧❛r ♠❛♥ ❛tt❛✐♥❡❞

✐♥ ❤✐♠s❡❧❢ ❛ ✇❡❧❧✲❝r❛❢t❡❞ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ Indra✳ ❱❡rs❡s ✸ ❛♥❞ ✹
❞❡s❝r✐❜❡ ❜❡♥❡✜ts ♦❢ s✉❝❤ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❛t✐♦♥✳
✶ t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡✱ rai ✖ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✼✳✸✷✳✾❝
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✸✳✺✵

Viśvāmitra | Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra

ı́ndrah. svā´hā pibatu yásya sóma

āgátyā túmro vr..sabhó marútvān |
óruvyácāh. pr.n.atāmebhı́ránnair
ā´sya havı́stanvàh. kā´mamr.dhyāh. || 1 ||

ā´ te saparyū´ javáse yunajmi

yáyoránu pradı́vah. śrus..tı́mā´vah. |
ihá tvā dheyurhárayah. suśipra
pı́bā tvàsyá sús.utasya cā´roh. || 2 ||

góbhirmimiks.úm . dadhire supārám

ı́ndram. jyáıs..thyāya dhā´yase gr.n.ānā´h. |
mandānáh. sómam . papivā´m̃
. .rjı̄s.in
sámasmábhyam . purudhā´ gā´ is.an.ya || 3 ||

imám. kā´mam . mandayā góbhiráśvaiś

candrávatā rā´dhasā papráthaśca |
svaryávo matı́bhistúbhyam . vı́prā
ı́ndrāya vā´hah. kuśikā´so akran || 4 ||

śunám . huvema maghávānamı́ndram

asmı́nbháre nŕ.tamam . vā´jasātau |
śr.n.vántamugrámūtáye samátsu
ghnántam . vr.trā´n.i sam . dhánānām || 5 ||
. jı́tam
 ✺✶✺

✶✳ ▼❛② Indra ✖ svā´hā ✖ ✇❤♦s❡ t❤❡ Soma ❬✐s❪ ✖ ❞r✐♥❦✦

❈♦♠✐♥❣ ❤❡r❡ str♦♥❣✱ ❛♣♣❡❛r✐♥❣ ❛s ❛ ❜✉❧❧✱
❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② Marut✲s✱
❡①t❡♥❞✐♥❣ ✇✐❞❡❧② ✭♠❛② t❤❡② ✜❧❧ ❬t❤❡❡❪ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡s❡ ✈✐❝t✉❛❧s
❜❡❢♦r❡ ❛♥ ♦❜❧❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ t❤✐s ❬Soma❪✦✮
t❤♦✉ ❝❛♥ ❢✉❧✜❧❧ t❤❡ ❞❡s✐r❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❜♦❞②✳
✷✳ ❚♦ ❤✉rr② ♦♥✱ ■ ②♦❦❡ t✇♦ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ t♦ s❡r✈❡ t❤❡❡ ❬❤♦rs❡s❪
✇❤♦s❡ ❛s ♦❢ ♦❧❞ ✇✐❧❧✐♥❣ s❡r✈✐❝❡ t❤♦✉ ❢❛✈♦✉r❡❞✳
❚❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s ❝❛♥ ♣❧❛❝❡ t❤❡❡ ❤❡r❡✱ ❖ s❡❧❡❝t✐✈❡ ♦♥❡✦
❉r✐♥❦ ♥♦✇ t❤✐s ✇❡❧❧✲♣r❡ss❡❞✱ ❡st❡❡♠❡❞ ❬Soma❪✦
✸✳ ❊①t♦❧❧✐♥❣ Indra ❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ ♣r❡❡♠✐♥❡♥❝❡✱ ❢♦r s✉st❡♥❛♥❝❡
t❤❡② ❤❛✈❡ ♦❜t❛✐♥❡❞ ♠✐♥❣❧✐♥❣ ✇✐t❤ ♠✐❧❦✱
✶
❣✐✈✐♥❣ ❛♥ ❡❛s② ♣❛ss❛❣❡ ❬Soma❪✳
❇❡❝♦♠✐♥❣ ✐♥✢❛♠❡❞✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❞r✉♥❦ Soma✱
❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❞✐r❡❝t ✐♠♣❛❝t ♦♥❡✱
♠❛❦❡ ❝♦✇s str❡❛♠✐♥❣ ♦✉t t♦❣❡t❤❡r ❢♦r ✉s ❢r❡q✉❡♥t❧②✦
✹✳ ▼❛❦❡ t❤✐s ❞❡s✐r❡ ❣❧❛❞❞❡♥ ❬✉s❪ ✇✐t❤ ❝♦✇s✱ ❤♦rs❡s✱
✇✐t❤ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❣❧✐tt❡r ❣✐❢t✱ ❛♥❞ t❤♦✉ ✇✐❧❧ ❡①t❡♥❞ ❬✐t❪✳
❙❡❡❦✐♥❣ svàr ✐♥✇❛r❞❧② ❡①❝✐t❡❞ ❞❡s❝❡♥❞❛♥ts ♦❢ Kuśika
❝r❡❛t❡❞✱ ✉s✐♥❣ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❣❡st✉r❡s✱ ❛ ❝♦♥✈❡②✐♥❣ ❢♦r t❤❡❡✱ Indra✳
✺✳ ❍❛♣♣✐❧② ✇❡ ❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s Indra ✖
t❤❡ ♠♦st ♠❛♥❧② ✐♥ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ✐s ❜❡❛r✐♥❣ ❬❤✐♠❪
❞✉r✐♥❣ ❣❛✐♥✐♥❣ ❛ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱
❛tt❡♥t✐✈❡ ❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s ✖ t♦ ❤❡❧♣ ✐♥ ❝❧❛s❤❡s
❬✉♣♦♥ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ✐s❪ s✉❜❞✉✐♥❣ Vr.tra✲s✱ ❬✇❤♦ ✐s❪ ❛ ✇✐♥♥❡r ♦❢ ♣r✐③❡s✳

✶ ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡rs
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✸✳✺✶

Viśvāmitra | ✶✕✸ Jagatı̄✱ ✹✕✾ Tris..tubh✱ ✶✵✕✶✷ Gāyatrı̄ | t♦ Indra

cars.an.ı̄dhŕ.tam . maghávānamukthyàm
ı́ndram. gı́ro br. hat´ı̄rabhyànūs.ata |
vāvr.dhānám . puruhūtám . suvr.ktı́bhir
ámartyam . járamān . . divédive || 1 ||
am

śatákratumarn.avám . śākı́nam. náram

.
gı́ro ma ı́ndramúpa yanti viśvátah. |
vājasánim. pūrbhı́dam. tū´rn.imaptúram.
dhāmasā´camabhis.ā´cam . svarvı́dam || 2 ||

ākaré vásorjaritā´ panasyate ′nehásastúbha

ı́ndro duvasyati |
vivásvatah. sádana ā´ hı́ pipriyé
satrāsā´hamabhimātihánam . stuhi || 3 ||

nr.n.ā´mu tvā nŕ.tamam

. gı̄rbhı́ruktháır
abhı́ prá vı̄rámarcatā sabā´dhah. |
sám. sáhase purumāyó jihı̄te
námo asya pradı́va éka ı̄śe || 4 ||

pūrv´ı̄rasya nis..sı́dho mártyes.u

purū´ vásūni pr.thiv´ı̄ bibharti |
ı́ndrāya dyā´va ós.adhı̄rutā´po
rayı́m. raks.anti jı̄ráyo vánāni || 5 ||

túbhyam. bráhmān.i gı́ra indra

túbhyam. satrā´ dadhire harivo jus.ásva |
bodhyā`pı́rávaso nū´tanasya
sákhe vaso jaritŕ.bhyo váyo dhāh. || 6 ||
 ✺✶✼

✶✳ P♦t❡♥t ❝❤❛♥ts ❢♦✉♥❞ t❤❡✐r ✇❛② t♦✇❛r❞s t♦✲❜❡✲♣r❛✐s❡❞ Indra✱

❬✇❤♦ ✐s❪ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s✱ ❬✇❤♦ ✐s❪ s✉♣♣♦rt✐♥❣ t❤♦s❡
✇❤✐❝❤ ❞r❛✇ t♦ t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s ✳ ✶
❬✇❤♦✱❪ ❜❡❝♦♠✐♥❣ str♦♥❣❡r ❬❜② ❜❡✐♥❣❪ ♠✉❝❤ ✐♥✈♦❦❡❞
✇✐t❤ ✇❡❧❧✲t✇✐st❡❞ ❬✈❡rs❡s❪✱
❬✇❤♦ ✐s❪ ✐♠♠♦rt❛❧ ❬❜✉t❪ ✐s ✇❡❛r✐♥❣ ♦✉t ❡✈❡r② ❞❛②✳
✷✳ ❆ ♠❛♥ ❬✇❤♦ ✐s❪ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❛ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ✇✐❧❡s✱
❬✇❤♦ ✐s❪ r❡st❧❡ss✱ ❝❛♣❛❜❧❡✱
♠② s♦♥❣s ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤ ❢r♦♠ ❛❧❧ s✐❞❡s ✖ Indra ✖
❣r❛♥t✐♥❣✲t❤❡✲r✉s❤✲♦❢✲✈✐❣♦✉r ❜r❡❛❦❡r ♦❢ str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞s✱
❡①♣❡❞✐t✐♦✉s✱ ❝r♦ss✐♥❣ ✇❛t❡rs✱
❢♦❧❧♦✇✐♥❣ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ st❛②s ✐♥ ❛♥ ❛❜♦❞❡✱ ✇❤♦ ✜♥❞s svàr✳
✷
✸✳ ❆♥ ✐♥✈♦❦❡r tr✐❡s t♦ ✐♠♣r❡ss ❤✐♠✱
✇❤♦ ❞✐str✐❜✉t❡s ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥t❧② ✇❤❛t✬s ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧✱
Indra r❡✇❛r❞s ❬❤✐s❪ ✐♥❝♦♠♣❛r❛❜❧❡ r❤②t❤♠s✳
❙✐♥❝❡ ❛t t❤❡ s❡❛t ♦❢ Vivasvat ❤❡ ❤❛s ❝♦♠❢♦rt❡❞ ❬✉s❪✱
❡①t♦❧ ♣r❡✈❛✐❧✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❡✈❡r② ✇❛② s❧❛②❡r ♦❢ ♣❧♦tt✐♥❣ ❡♥❡♠✐❡s✦
✖✖
✹✳ ❨♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ ✉r❣❡♥t❧② ❝♦♠♠❡♥❞ ✇✐t❤ s♦♥❣s✱ ✇✐t❤ r❡❝✐t❡❞ ✈❡rs❡s✱
t❤❡ ❤❡r♦ ✖ t❤❡❡✱ t❤❡ ♠♦st ♠❛♥❧② ♦❢ ♠❡♥✦
❍❡ ✇❤♦ ❦♥♦✇s ♠❛♥② tr✐❝❦s
❣✐✈❡s ✇❛② t♦ t❤❡ ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ str❡♥❣t❤✱
❤❡ ❛❧♦♥❡ ❛s ♦❢ ♦❧❞ ❝♦♠♠❛♥❞s ❛❞♦r❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ t❤✐s ♦♥❡✳
✺✳ ▼❛♥② ❬❛r❡❪ ❤✐s ❛tt❛✐♥✐♥❣✲t❤❡✐r✲❛✐♠✲✐♥✲♠♦rt❛❧s ❡✛❡❝ts✱
♠❛♥② ❜❡♥❡✜ts t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤ ❜r✐♥❣s✳
❋♦r Indra t❤❡ ❜r✐❣❤t ❞❛②s ❛♥❞ ❤❡r❜s✱
✸
q✉✐❝❦ ✢♦✇✐♥❣ ✇❛t❡rs ❬❛♥❞❪ ❞❡s✐r❡s ♣r❡s❡r✈❡ t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡✳
✻✳ ❋♦r t❤❡❡ t❤❡② ❝♦♥❝❡✐✈❡❞ s❛❝r❡❞ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥s✱ s♦♥❣s✱ ❖ Indra✱
❛❧t♦❣❡t❤❡r ❢♦r t❤❡❡✱ ❖ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞✲❜②✲t❛✇♥②✲♦♥❡s ♦♥❡✦ ❊♥❥♦②✦
❆tt❡♥❞✱ ❜❡✐♥❣ ❛♥ ❛❧❧②✱ t♦ t❤❡ ♣r❡s❡♥t ❢❛✈♦✉r ❬✇❡ ❛s❦❪✦
❖ ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧ ✐♥ ❛ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥✱
t❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ ❣✐✈❡ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❛♥❞ ❜♦❞✐❧② ✈✐❣♦✉r t♦ t❤❡ ✐♥✈♦❦❡rs✳
✖✖

✶ s❡♥s❡s
✷ Soma
✸ ❞❛②s ✇✐t❤♦✉t ✇r❛t❤ ♦r ❛♥❣❡r
✺✶✽

ı́ndra marutva ihá pāhi sómam .

yáthā śāryāté ápibah. sutásya |
táva prán.ı̄tı̄ táva śūra śármannā´
vivāsanti kaváyah. suyajñā´h. || 7 ||

sá vāvaśāná ihá pāhi sómam .

marúdbhirindra sákhibhih. sutám . nah. |
. yáttvā pári devā´ ábhūs.an
jātám
mahé bhárāya puruhūta vı́śve || 8 ||

aptū´rye maruta āpı́res.ó ′mandannı́ndram

ánu dā´tivārāh. |
tébhih. sākám
. pibatu vr.trakhādáh.
sutám. sómam . dāśús.ah. své sadhásthe || 9 ||

idám. hyánvójasā sutám . pate |

. rādhānām
pı́bā tvàsyá girvan.ah. || 10 ||

yáste ánu svadhā´másatsuté nı́ yacha tanvàm |

sá tvā mamattu somyám || 11 ||

prá te aśnotu kuks.yóh. préndra bráhman.ā śı́rah. |

prá bāhū´ śūra rā´dhase || 12 ||
 ✺✶✾

✼✳ ❖ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② Marut✲s Indra✱ ❞r✐♥❦ ❤❡r❡ Soma

❛s t❤♦✉ ❞r❛♥❦s ❬✐t❪ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ✐♥❬s✐❞❡❪ Śaryāta✳
❲✐t❤ t❤② ❣✉✐❞❛♥❝❡✱ ✉♥❞❡r t❤② ♣r♦t❡❝t✐♦♥✱ ❖ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱
❣✐❢t❡❞ ✇✐t❤ ✐♥s✐❣❤t✱ ♠❛❦✐♥❣ ❛ ❣♦♦❞ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡ ♦♥❡s
s❡❡❦ t♦ ♣r♦❝✉r❡ ❬t❤❡❡❪✳
✽✳ ❇❡✐♥❣ s✉❝❤ ✖ ❡❛❣❡r❧② ❞❡s✐r✐♥❣ ❬✐t❪ ✖ q✉❛✛ ❤❡r❡ Soma
✇✐t❤ Marut✲s✱ ❖ Indra✱
✇✐t❤ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s ❬q✉❛✛❪ ♦✉r ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❬❞r✐♥❦❪ ✖
❛s ✇❤❡♥ ❢♦r ❛ ❣r❡❛t ❜❛tt❧❡ ❛❧❧ deva✲s
❛tt❡♥❞❡❞ t♦ t❤❡❡ ❬✇❤♦ ✇❛s ❥✉st❪ ❜♦r♥✱ ❖ ♠✉❝❤ ✐♥✈♦❦❡❞ ♦♥❡✦
✾✳ ❉✉r✐♥❣ ✇❛t❡r✲❝r♦ss✐♥❣✱ ❖ Marut✲s✱ t❤✐s ♦♥❡ ❬✐s❪ ❛♥ ❛❧❧②❀
t❤♦s❡✱ ❢♦r ✇❤♦♠ t♦ ❣✐✈❡ ✐s ❝❤♦s❡♥✱
❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t❡ ❬♦♥❧②❪ ❛❢t❡r Indra ❬✐s ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❡❞❪✳
▲❡t ❤❡ ✇❤♦ ♣r❡②s ✉♣♦♥ Vr.tra ❞r✐♥❦ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ t❤❡♠
t❤❡ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ Soma ✐♥ ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡r✬s ♦✇♥ ♣❧❛❝❡ ♦❢ ♠❡❡t✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡♠❪✳
✖✖
✶✵✳ ❙✐♥❝❡ t❤✐s ❤❡r❡ ❬❛❝❝♦♠♣❧✐s❤♠❡♥t ♦❢ ♦✉r ❞❡s✐r❡❪
❬✐s❪ ❛❢t❡r t❤❡ ✈✐❣♦✉r♦✉s❧② ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ♦♥❡✱
❖ ♠❛st❡r ♦❢ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❧✐s❤♠❡♥ts✱
❥✉st ❞r✐♥❦ ✐t✱ ❖ ❧♦♥❣✐♥❣ ❢♦r ❛ ❝❤❛♥t✦
✶✶✳ ❲❤♦ s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡ ✐♥ ❛❝❝♦r❞ ✇✐t❤ t❤② ♣♦✇❡r ♦❢ s❡❧❢✲❞❡t❡r♠✐♥❛t✐♦♥✱
❢❛st❡♥ ❬❤✐s❪ ❜♦❞② t♦ t❤❡ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❬Soma❪✱
♠❛② ❤❡ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t❡ t❤❡❡✱ ❬✇❤♦ ✐s❪ ✐♥s♣✐r❡❞ ❜② Soma✦
✶✷✳ ▼❛② ✐t r❡❛❝❤ ✐♥t♦ t❤② t✇♦ ❝❛✈✐t✐❡s✱
✹
❬♠❛② ✐t r❡❛❝❤❪ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❛ s❛❝r❡❞ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛ t❤❡ ❤❡❛❞✱
❬♠❛② ✐t r❡❛❝❤❪ t✇♦ ❛r♠s✱ ❖ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱
❢♦r t❤❡ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❧✐s❤♠❡♥t ♦❢ ❬♦✉r❪ ❞❡s✐r❡✦

✹ Soma
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✸✳✺✷

Viśvāmitra | ✶✕✹ Gāyatrı̄✱ ✺✱✼✱✽ Tris..tubh✱ ✻ Jagatı̄✱ | t♦ Indra

dhānā´vantam . karambhı́n.amapūpávantamukthı́nam |
ı́ndra prātárjus.asva nah. || 1 ||

puro..dā´śam
. pacatyàm . jus.ásvendrā´ gurasva ca |
túbhyam . havy ´
ā ni sisrate || 2 ||

puro..dā´śam
. ca no gháso jos.áyāse gı́raśca nah. |
vadhūyúriva yós.an.ām || 3 ||

puro..dā´śam
. sanaśruta prātah.sāvé jus.asva nah. |
ı́ndra kráturhı́ te br.hán || 4 ||

mā´dhyam . dinasya sávanasya dhānā´h.

puro..dā´śamindra kr..svehá cā´rum |
prá yátstotā´ jaritā´ tū´rn.yartho
vr..sāyámān.a úpa gı̄rbhı́r´ı̄.t.te || 5 ||

tr.t´ı̄ye dhānā´h. sávane purus..tuta

puro..dā´śamā´hutam . māmahasva nah. |
.rbhumántam . vā´javantam. tvā kave
práyasvanta úpa śiks.ema dhı̄tı́bhih. || 6 ||

pūs.an.váte te cakr.mā karambhám .

hárivate háryaśvāya dhānā´h. |
apūpámaddhi ságan.o marúdbhih.
sómam . piba vr.trahā´ śūra vidvā´n || 7 ||

práti dhānā´ bharata tū´yamasmai

puro..dā´śam
. vı̄rátamāya nr.n.ā´m |
divédive sadŕ.śı̄rindra túbhyam .
várdhantu tvā somapéyāya dhr..sn.o || 8 ||
 ✺✷✶

✶✳ ❖ Indra✱ ❡♥❥♦② ❛t ❞❛②✲❜r❡❛❦

♦✉r ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② ❣r❛✐♥s✱ ❜② ❣r✉❡❧✱
❜② ❝❛❦❡✱ ❜② ✈❡rs❡s ❬Soma❪✳
✷✳ ❊♥❥♦② ❝♦♦❦❡❞ s❛❝r✐✜❝✐❛❧ ❝❛❦❡✱
❛♥❞ ❛♣♣r♦✈❡ ❬✐t❪✱
❢♦r t❤❡❡ ♦❜❧❛t✐♦♥s ✢♦✇✳
✸✳ ❆♥❞ ♦✉r s❛❝r✐✜❝✐❛❧ ❝❛❦❡ t❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ ❡❛t
s♦ t❤❛t t❤♦✉ ✇♦✉❧❞ ♠❛❦❡ t❤②s❡❧❢ ❢r❡q✉❡♥t ♦✉r s♦♥❣s
❧✐❦❡ ♦♥❡ ✇❤♦ s❡❡❦s ❛ ✇✐❢❡ ❬❢r❡q✉❡♥ts❪ ❛ ♠❛✐❞❡♥✳
✹✳ ❖ ❢❛♠❡❞ ❢r♦♠ ❛♥❝✐❡♥t t✐♠❡s ♦♥❡✱
❞✉r✐♥❣ ❞❛②✲❜r❡❛❦ ♣r❡♣❛r❛t✐♦♥ ❬♦❢ Soma❪
❡♥❥♦② ♦✉r s❛❝r✐✜❝✐❛❧ ❝❛❦❡
s✐♥❝❡ t❤②✱ ❖ Indra✱ r❡s♦✉r❝❡❢✉❧♥❡ss ❬✐s❪ ❣r❡❛t✳
✖✖
✺✳ ❉♦ ♠❛❦❡ ❤❡r❡ t❤❡ ❣r❛✐♥s ♦❢ ♠✐❞❞❛② ♣r❡ss✐♥❣✱
t❤❡ s❛❝r✐✜❝✐❛❧ ❝❛❦❡✱ ❛❣r❡❡❛❜❧❡ ❬t♦ t❤❡❡❪✱ ❖ Indra✱
✇❤❡♥ ✐♥t❡♥t✲♦♥✲❡①♣❡❞✐❡♥❝❡ ✐♥✈♦❦❡r
✐s ♣r❛✐s✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡❡❪ ❜❡❢♦r❡ ❬♣r♦♣❡r ♠♦♠❡♥t❪
❬❛♥❞✱❪ ❛❝t✐♥❣ ❧✐❦❡ ❛ ❜✉❧❧✱ ✐♠♣❧♦r❡s ❬t❤❡❡❪ ✇✐t❤ ❝❤❛♥ts✳
✖✖
✻✳ ❉✉r✐♥❣ t❤❡ t❤✐r❞ ♣r❡ss✐♥❣✱ ❖ ♠✉❝❤✲❡✉❧♦❣✐③❡❞ ♦♥❡✱
❤♦♥♦r t❤❡ ❣r❛✐♥s✱ ♦✉r s❛❝r✐✜❝✐❛❧ ❝❛❦❡ ♦✛❡r❡❞ ❛s ❛♥ ♦❜❧❛t✐♦♥✦
❚❤❡❡✱ ✐♥✈❡♥t✐✈❡✱ r✐❝❤ ✐♥ t❤❡ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱
❖ ❣✐❢t❡❞ ✇✐t❤ ✐♥s✐❣❤t ♦♥❡✱
✇❡✱ ❞✐s♣❡♥s✐♥❣ ❞❡❧✐❣❤ts✱ ❝♦✉❧❞ ❡♠♣♦✇❡r
✇✐t❤ st❛❜❧❡ ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥s✳
✼✳ ❋♦r t❤❡❡ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② Pūs.an ✇❡ ❤❛✈❡ ♠❛❞❡ t❤❡ ❣r✉❡❧✱
❢♦r ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞✲❜②✲t❛✇♥②✲♦♥❡s ❤❛✈✐♥❣✲t❛✇♥②✲❤♦rs❡s ♦♥❡ ✖
t❤❡ ❣r❛✐♥s✳
❆❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② Marut✲s✱ ❡❛t t❤❡ ❝❛❦❡✦ ❉r✐♥❦ Soma✦
❍❡ ✇❤♦ ❤❛s ❢♦✉♥❞ ❬Soma❪ ✖ ❖ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡ ✖
❬✐s❪ ❛ s❧❛②❡r ♦❢ Vr.tra✳
✽✳ ❇r✐♥❣ ②❡ q✉✐❝❦❧② t❤❡ ❣r❛✐♥s ❢♦r t❤✐s ♦♥❡✱
t❤❡ s❛❝r✐✜❝✐❛❧ ❝❛❦❡ ❢♦r t❤❡ ♠♦st ❤❡r♦✐❝ ♦❢ ♠❡♥✦
❊✈❡r② ❞❛② ✖ t❤❡ s❛♠❡ ❬❣r❛✐♥s❪ ❢♦r t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Indra✦
▼❛② t❤❡② str❡♥❣t❤❡♥ t❤❡❡ ❢♦r ❛ ❞r✐♥❦ ♦❢ Soma✱ ❖ ❞❛r✐♥❣ ♦♥❡✦

❲❤❛t ❛r❡ t❤❡ r❡❢❡r❡♥ts ♦❢ ✏❣r❛✐♥s✑✱ ✏❝❛❦❡✑✱ ✏s❛❝r✐✜❝✐❛❧ ❝❛❦❡✑✱ ✏❣r✉❡❧✑

✐♥ t❤✐s ❤②♠♥ ✐s ✉♥❝❧❡❛r✳
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✸✳✺✸

Viśvāmitra | ✶✕✾✱✶✶✱✶✹✱✶✺✱✶✼✱✶✾✱✷✶✱✷✸✱✷✹ Tris..tubh✱ ✶✸ Gāyatrı̄✱ ✶✵✱✶✻

Jagatı̄✱ ✶✽ Br.hatı̄✱ ✶✷✱✷✵✱✷✷ Anus..tubh | t♦ Indra

ı́ndrāparvatā br.hatā´ ráthena

vām´ı̄rı́s.a ā´ vahatam . suv´ı̄rāh. |
vı̄tám
. havy ´
ā nyadhvarés . u devā
várdhethām . gı̄rbhı́rı́ dayā
.. mádantā || 1 ||

. maghavanmā´ párā gāh.

tı́s..thā sú kam
sómasya nú tvā sús.utasya yaks.i |
pitúrná putráh. sı́camā´ rabhe ta
ı́ndra svā´dis..thayā girā´ śacı̄vah. || 2 ||

. sāvādhvaryo práti me gr.n.ı̄h´ı̄ndrāya

śám
´
vāhah. kr.n.avāva jús..tam |
édám. barhı́ryájamānasya sı̄dā´thā ca
bhūdukthámı́ndrāya śastám || 3 ||

jāyédástam . maghavansédu yónis

tádı́ttvā yuktā´ hárayo vahantu |
yadā´ kadā´ ca sunávāma sómam
agnı́s..tvā dūtó dhanvātyácha || 4 ||

párā yāhi maghavannā´ ca yāh´ı̄ndra

bhrātarubhayátrā te ártham |
yátrā ráthasya br.ható nidhā´nam.
vimócanam . vājı́no rā´sabhasya || 5 ||

ápāh. sómamástamindra prá yāhi

kalyān.´ı̄rjāyā´ surán.am
. gr.hé te |
yátrā ráthasya br.ható nidhā´nam .
vimócanam . vājı́no dáks.in.āvat || 6 ||

imé bhojā´ áṅgiraso vı́rūpā

divásputrā´so ásurasya vı̄rā´h. |
viśvā´mitrāya dádato maghā´ni
sahasrasāvé prá tiranta ā´yuh. || 7 ||
 ✺✷✸

✶✳ ❖ Indra ❛♥❞ ❦♥♦tt② ♦♥❡ ✱ ✉s✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♠✐❣❤t② ❝❤❛r✐♦t✱

✶
❝♦♥✈❡② ❤❡r❡ ❧♦✈❡❧② ♠❛♥❧② ❧✐❜❛t✐♦♥s✦
❙❡✐③❡ ♦❜❧❛t✐♦♥s ❞✉r✐♥❣ ♣r♦❝❡❡❞✐♥❣ ♦♥ t❤❡✐r ♣❛t❤s ❬s❛❝r✐✜❝❡s❪✱
❖ t✇♦ deva✲s✦
❇❡❝♦♠✐♥❣ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t❡❞ ❜② t❤❡ ❧✐❜❛t✐♦♥✱
str❡♥❣t❤❡♥ ②♦✉rs❡❧✈❡s ✇✐t❤ s♦♥❣s✦
✷✳ ❏✉st st❛②✱ ❖ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡✱ ❞♦ ♥♦t ❣♦ ❛✇❛②✦
❚♦ t❤❡❡✱ ❬✇❤♦ ✇❛s ❜♦r♥❪ ♦❢ ✇❡❧❧✲♣r❡ss❡❞ Soma✱
❬t❤♦✉❪ ❞♦ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡ ♥♦✇✦
▲✐❦❡ s♦♥ ❬❣r❛s♣s❪ t❤❡ ❤❡♠ ♦❢ ❢❛t❤❡r✬s ❞r❡ss✱ ■ ❣r❛s♣ t❤②✱
❖ Indra✱ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ s✇❡❡t❡st s♦♥❣✱
❖ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② ❡♥❛❜❧✐♥❣ ♣♦✇❡rs ♦♥❡✦
✸✳ ❙♦ t❤❛t ✇❡ t✇♦ ✇✐❧❧ r❡♣❡❛t ❬❛❢t❡r t❤❡❡❪✱ ❖ adhvaryu✱
r❡❝✐t❡ t♦✇❛r❞s ♠❡✱
s♦ t❤❛t ✇❡ t✇♦ ✇✐❧❧ ♣❡r❢♦r♠ ✐♥✈♦❝❛t✐♦♥ ❛❣r❡❡❛❜❧❡ t♦ Indra✱
s✐t ♦♥ t❤✐s s❛❝r✐✜❝❡r✬s ❣r❛ss❀
❛♥❞ ♥♦✇ ❛ ✈❡rs❡ ❢♦r Indra s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡ r❡❝✐t❡❞✳
✖✖
✹✳ ❖♥❧② ❛ ✇✐❢❡ ✐s ❤♦♠❡✱ ❖ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡✱ ♦♥❧② s❤❡ ✐s ❛ ✇♦♠❜❀
♠❛② ②♦❦❡❞ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s ❝♦♥✈❡② t❤❛t t♦ t❤❡❡✦
❆♥❞ ✇❤❡♥❡✈❡r ✇❡ ✇❡r❡ t♦ ❡①tr❛❝t Soma✱
Agni ✇✐❧❧ r✉♥ ❛s ❛ ♠❡ss❡♥❣❡r t♦✇❛r❞s t❤❡❡✳
✺✳ ❏♦✉r♥❡② ❢❛r ❛✇❛②✱ ❖ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡✱ ❛♥❞ ❥♦✉r♥❡② ❬❜❛❝❦❪ ❤❡r❡✱
❖ ❜r♦t❤❡r Indra✦ ■♥ ❜♦t❤ ❝❛s❡s✱ ❬t❤❡r❡ ✐s❪ ❛ ♣✉r♣♦s❡ ❢♦r t❤❡❡
✇❤❡r❡✈❡r ❬t❤❡r❡ ✐s❪ ♣✉tt✐♥❣ ❛s✐❞❡ t❤❡ ♠✐❣❤t② ❝❤❛r✐♦t
❬♦r❪ ✉♥②♦❦✐♥❣ ♦❢ st✉❜❜♦r♥ ♣♦ss❡ss✐♥❣ ❛ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r ♦♥❡✳
✻✳ ❚❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ❞r✉♥❦ Soma✱ ❖ Indra✱ s❡t ♦✉t ❤♦♠❡ ✖
❛ ❥♦② ❢♦r t❤❡❡ ✐♥ ❛ ❤♦✉s❡ ❬✐s❪ ❛ ❜❡❛✉t✐❢✉❧ ✇✐❢❡
✇❤❡r❡✈❡r ❬t❤❡r❡ ✐s❪ ♣✉tt✐♥❣ ❛s✐❞❡ t❤❡ ♠✐❣❤t② ❝❤❛r✐♦t
❬♦r❪ ✉♥②♦❦✐♥❣ ♦❢ ♣♦ss❡ss✐♥❣ ❛ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱
❛❜♦✉♥❞✐♥❣ ✐♥ s❛❝r✐✜❝✐❛❧ r❡✇❛r❞s ♦♥❡✳
✼✳ ❚❤❡s❡ ❬❛r❡❪ ❧✐❜❡r❛❧ aṅgiras✲❡s✱ ♦❢ ❞✐✛❡r❡♥t ❢♦r♠s✱
s♦♥s ♦❢ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥✱ ❤❡r♦❡s ♦❢ t❤❡ asura❀
t♦ ❤✐♠ ❢♦r ✇❤♦♠ ❡✈❡r②♦♥❡ ✐s ❛ ❢r✐❡♥❞ t❤❡② ❛r❡ ❣✐✈✐♥❣ ❣✐❢ts✱
✐♥ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ❤❛❞ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞ Soma ❧✐❜❛t✐♦♥s
t❤❡② ❡①t❡♥❞ t❤❡ ✈✐t❛❧ ♣♦✇❡r✳

✶ Soma
✺✷✹

rūpám. rūpam . maghávā bobhavı̄ti

māyā´h. kr.n.vānástanvàm
. pari svā´m |
trı́ryáddiváh. pári muhūrtámā´gāt
sváırmántrairánr.tupā .rtā´vā || 8 ||

mahā´m̃. .ŕ.sirdevajā´ devájūtó stabhnāt

′

sı́ndhumarn.avám . nr.cáks.āh. |
viśvā´mitro yádávahatsudā´sam
ápriyāyata kuśikébhirı́ndrah. || 9 ||

ham . sā´ iva kr.n.utha ślókamádribhir

mádanto gı̄rbhı́radhvaré suté sácā |
devébhirviprā .r.sayo nr.caks.aso
vı́ pibadhvam . kuśikāh. somyám. mádhu || 10 ||

úpa préta kuśikāścetáyadhvam

áśvam . rāyé prá muñcatā sudā´sah. |
rā´jā vr.trám
. jaṅghanatprā´gápāgúdag
áthā yajāte vára ā´ pr.thivyā´h. || 11 ||

yá imé ródası̄ ubhé ahámı́ndramátus..tavam |

viśvā´mitrasya raks.ati bráhmedám
. bhā´ratam. jánam || 12 ||

viśvā´mitrā arāsata bráhméndrāya vajrı́n.e |

káradı́nnah. surā´dhasah. || 13 ||

kı́m. te kr.n.vanti k´ı̄kat.es.u gā´vo

nā´śı́ram
. duhré ná tapanti gharmám |
ā´ no bhara prámagandasya védo
naicāśākhám. maghavanrandhayā nah. || 14 ||
 ✺✷✺

✽✳ ❚❤❡ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡ ✇❛s ❛ss✉♠✐♥❣

✷ ❢♦r♠ ❛❢t❡r ❢♦r♠
❡✛❡❝t✐♥❣ ♣♦✇❡rs t♦ ❝♦♥✜❣✉r❡ ❬♣❤②s✐♦❧♦❣✐❝❛❧ ♣r♦❝❡ss❡s❪
❛❧❧ ♦✈❡r ❤✐s ❜♦❞② ✖ ✇❤❡♥ t❤r✐❝❡ ❬❜✉t❪ ❢♦r ❛ s❤♦rt t✐♠❡
❤❡ ♠❛❞❡ ❛♥ ❛♣♣❡❛r❛♥❝❡ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥❀
❞r✐♥❦✐♥❣ ♦✉t ♦❢ t✉r♥✱ ❬❤❡ ✐s❪ ❢✉rt❤❡r✐♥❣ .rta
❜② ❤✐s ♦✇♥ ♠❛♥tr❛s✳
✾✳ ❊①❛❧t✐♥❣ s❡❡r✱ ✐♠♣❡❧❧❡❞ ❜② t❤❡ deva✱ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❡❞ ❛s ❛ deva✱
❜❡✐♥❣ ❛ ❣✉✐❞❡ ♦❢ ♠❡♥✱ st♦♣♣❡❞ t❤❡ ✢♦♦❞✐♥❣ r✐✈❡r✳
❲❤❡♥ ❤❡ ❢♦r ✇❤♦♠ ❡✈❡r②♦♥❡ ✐s ❛ ❢r✐❡♥❞ ❝♦♥✈❡②❡❞ Sudās✱
Indra ❜❡❝❛♠❡ ❡♥❞❡❛r❡❞ ✇✐t❤ ❞❡s❝❡♥❞❛♥ts ♦❢ Kuśika✳
✖✖
✶✵✳ ▲✐❦❡ ❜❛r✲❤❡❛❞❡❞ ❣❡❡s❡ ❞♦ ②❡ ♠❛❦❡ ❛ ❝❛❧❧ ✇✐t❤ ❬♣r❡ss✐♥❣❪ st♦♥❡s❀
❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t❡❞ ❜② ❝❤❛♥ts ❞✉r✐♥❣ ♣r♦❝❡❡❞✐♥❣ ♦♥ ✐ts ✇❛② ❬s❛❝r✐✜❝❡❪✱
✐♥ t❤❡ ♣r❡s❡♥❝❡ ♦❢ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❬Soma❪✱
❖ ✐♥s♣✐r❡❞ ❜② deva✲s s❡❡rs✱ ❖ ❣✉✐❞❡s ♦❢ ♠❡♥✱
❞r✐♥❦✱ ❖ ❞❡s❝❡♥❞❛♥ts ♦❢ Kuśika✱ ❝♦♥t❛✐♥✐♥❣ Soma ❤♦♥❡②✦
✶✶✳ ❙❡t ♦✉t ❛♥❞ ❜❡❣✐♥✱ ❖ ❞❡s❝❡♥❞❛♥ts ♦❢ Kuśika✱
♠❛❦❡ ②♦✉rs❡❧✈❡s ❦♥♦✇♥✦
❯♥❧❡❛s❤ Sudās✬ ❤♦rs❡ ❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡✦
❚❤❡ ❝❤✐❡❢ s❤❛❧❧ str✐❦❡ Vr.tra ❛❣❛✐♥ ❛♥❞ ❛❣❛✐♥
t♦ t❤❡ ❡❛st✱ t♦ t❤❡ ✇❡st ❛♥❞ t♦ t❤❡ ♥♦rt❤
s♦ t❤❛t ❤❡ ❝❛♥ ❝♦♥s❡❝r❛t❡ ❬②♦✉❪ ✐♥ t❤❡ ❡♥❝❧♦s✐♥❣ ❬②♦✉❪
❬♣❛t❝❤❪ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❣r♦✉♥❞✳
✖✖
✶✷✳ ✏■ ❤❛✈❡ ❡✉❧♦❣✐③❡❞ Indra
✇❤♦ ❬✜❧❧❡❞❪
✸ ❜♦t❤ ♦❢ t❤❡s❡ Rodas✲❡s✳✑
❚❤✐s s❛❝r❡❞ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛ ♦❢ ❤✐♠ ❢♦r ✇❤♦♠ ❡✈❡r②♦♥❡ ✐s ❛ ❢r✐❡♥❞
❣✉❛r❞s t❤❡ ♣❡♦♣❧❡ ♦❢ Bharata✳
✶✸✳ ❉❡s❝❡♥❞❛♥ts ♦❢ ❤✐♠ ❢♦r ✇❤♦♠ ❡✈❡r②♦♥❡ ✐s ❛ ❢r✐❡♥❞
✐♠♣❛rt❡❞ t♦ t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s
t❤❡ s❛❝r❡❞ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛ ❢♦r ❜❡❛r✐♥❣ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t Indra ✖
✐t s❤❛❧❧ s✉r❡❧② ♠❛❦❡ ✉s ✇❡❧❧✲s❛t✐s❢②✐♥❣ ❬❤✐♠❪✳
✶✹✳ ❲❤❛t ❞♦ ❝♦✇s ❛♠♦♥❣ Kı̄tat.a✲s ❞♦ ❢♦r t❤❡❡❄
❚❤❡② ❤❛✈❡ ♥♦t ♠✐❧❦❡❞ t❤❡ ♠✐①t✉r❡✱ t❤❡② ❞♦ ♥♦t ❤❡❛t t❤❡ ♣♦t✳
❇r✐♥❣ t♦ ✉s t❤❡ ❦♥♦✇❧❡❞❣❡ ♦❢ Pramaganda✱
♠❛❦❡ t❤❡ ❬❝✐t② ♦❢ ❪ Naicāśākha s✉❜❥❡❝t t♦ ✉s✱ ❖ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡✦
✖✖

✷ ❧✐t✳ ✏❛ss✉♠❡s✑
✸ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✸✳✸✹✳✶❞
✺✷✻

sasarpar´ı̄rámatim . bā´dhamānā br.hánmimāya jamádagnidattā |

ā´ sū´ryasya duhitā´ tatāna śrávo devés.vamŕ.tamajuryám || 15 ||

sasarpar´ı̄rabharattū´yamebhyó ′dhi
śrávah. pā´ñcajanyāsu kr..s.tı́s.u |
sā´ paks.yā` návyamā´yurdádhānā
yā´m. me palastijamadagnáyo dadúh. || 16 ||

sthirau ´ gā´vau bhavatām. vı̄..dúráks.o

més.ā´ vı́ varhi mā´ yugám
. vı́ śāri |
ı́ndrah. pātalyè dadatām . śárı̄tor
áris..taneme abhı́ nah. sacasva || 17 ||

. dhehi tanū´.su no bálamindrāna..dútsu nah. |

bálam
. tokā´ya tánayāya jı̄váse tvám
bálam . hı́ baladā´ ási || 18 ||

abhı́ vyayasva khadirásya sā´ramójo dhehi spandané śim . śápāyām |

áks.a vı̄..do vı̄..dita vı̄..dáyasva mā´ yā´mādasmā´dáva jı̄hipo nah. || 19 ||

ayámasmā´nvánaspátirmā´ ca hā´ mā´ ca rı̄ris.at |

svastyā´ gr.hébhya ā´vasā´ ā´ vimócanāt || 20 ||

ı́ndrotı́bhirbahulā´bhirno adyá
yāchres..thā´bhirmaghavañchūra jinva |
yó no dvés..tyádharah. sáspadı̄s..ta
yámu dvis.mástámu prān.ó jahātu || 21 ||
 ✺✷✼

✶✺✳ ●✐✈❡♥ ❜② Jamadagni Sasarparı̄ ✱ ❞r✐✈✐♥❣ ❛✇❛② ✐♠♣✉❧s✐✈❡♥❡ss✱

✹
❤❛s ❞✐♠✐♥✐s❤❡❞ ❛♥ ❡①t❡♥s✐✈❡ ❬❛✉❞✐t♦r② ✐♠♣r❡ss✐♦♥❪❀
❞❛✉❣❤t❡r ♦❢ t❤❡ s✉♥ ❤❛s ♦✈❡rs♣r❡❛❞ ❛♠♦♥❣ deva✲s
❛♥ ✉♥❝❡❛s✐♥❣ ✉♥❞❡❝❛②✐♥❣ ❛✉❞✐t♦r② ✐♠♣r❡ss✐♦♥✳
✶✻✳ Sasarparı̄ q✉✐❝❦❧② ❜r♦✉❣❤t ❢r♦♠ t❤❡s❡ ✺
❬t❤✐s❪ ❛✉❞✐t♦r② ✐♠♣r❡ss✐♦♥ ✐♥t♦ tr✐❜❡s ❛r✐s✐♥❣ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ✜✈❡ ❬s❡♥s❡s❪❀
❬s❤❡✱❪ ✇❤♦♠ ❣r❡②✲❤❛✐r❡❞ Jamadagni✲s ✐♠♣❛rt❡❞ t♦ ♠❡✱
s❤❡✱ s✐❞✐♥❣ ❬✇✐t❤ t❤♦s❡ tr✐❜❡s❪✱
❬✐s t❤✉s❪ ❛❝q✉✐r✐♥❣ ♥❡✇ ✈✐t❛❧ ♣♦✇❡r✳
✖✖
✶✼✳ ▼❛② t✇♦ ♦①❡♥ ❜❡ r❡❧❡♥t❧❡ss✱ t❤❡ ❛①❧❡ ✖ r✐❣✐❞ ✻
♠❛② ♥♦t t❤❡ ❝❛rr✐❛❣❡✲♣♦❧❡ ❜❡ ✇♦❜❜❧✐♥❣✱
♠❛② ♥♦t t❤❡ ②♦❦❡ ❢❛❧❧ ❛♣❛rt✦
▼❛② Indra ❬❛♥❞❪ t✇♦ pātalya✲s ❛❧❧♦✇ t♦ ❝r✉s❤ ❬♦❜st❛❝❧❡s❪✦
✼
❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ✉♥❞❛♠❛❣❡❞✲✇❤❡❡❧✲r✐♠s ♦♥❡ ✱ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥② ✉s✦ ✽
✶✽✳ P✉t str❡♥❣t❤ ✐♥t♦ ♦✉r ❜♦❞✐❡s
str❡♥❣t❤ ✐♥t♦ ♦✉r ❝❛rs✱ ❖ Indra✦
❬●✐✈❡❪ str❡♥❣t❤ t♦ ❧✐✈❡ t♦ ❝❤✐❧❞r❡♥ ♣r♦♣❛❣❛t✐♥❣ ❬♦✉r❪ ❢❛♠✐❧② ✖
❜❡❝❛✉s❡ t❤♦✉ ❛r❡ t❤❡ str❡♥❣t❤✲❣✐✈✐♥❣ ♦♥❡✳
✶✾✳❲r❛♣ t❤②s❡❧❢ ✐♥t♦ ❡♥❡r❣② ♦❢ khadira ✱ ✾
♣✉t ✈✐❣♦✉r ✐♥t♦ t❤❡ ♣✉❧s❡✱ ✐♥t♦ śim.śapā ✦ ✶✵
❖ ✜r♠✱ ♠❛❞❡✲✜r♠ ♦♥❡✦ ▼❛❦❡ ❬t❤②❪ ❡②❡ ✜r♠ ✱ ✶✶
❞♦ ♥♦t ♠❛❦❡ ✉s ❞❡✈✐❛t❡ ❢r♦♠ t❤✐s ❝♦✉rs❡✦
✷✵✳ ▼❛② ♥♦t t❤♦✉ ❛❜❛♥❞♦♥ ✉s✱
❛♥❞ ♠❛② ♥♦t t❤✐s ❣♦✈❡r♥✐♥❣ ♠♦t✐✈❡ ❤✉rt ❬✉s❪
s♦ t❤❛t ✇❡ ❝❛♥ ❬st✐❧❧❪ ✜♥✐s❤ ❬✐t❪ ♦✛ ✇✐t❤ ✇❡❧❧✲❜❡✐♥❣ ✖
❛s ❢❛r ❛s ❤♦✉s❡s✱ ❛s ❢❛r ❛s ✉♥②♦❦✐♥❣ ✳ ✶✷
✷✶✳ ❖ Indra✱ ✇✐t❤ ♥✉♠❡r♦✉s s✐❞❡✲❡✛❡❝ts t♦ ✉s t♦❞❛②✱
✇✐t❤ ❜❡st ♣♦ss✐❜❧❡ ♦♥❡s✱ ✉r❣❡ ❬✉s❪ ♦♥✱ ❖ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✦
❲❤♦✱ ❜❡✐♥❣ ✐♥❢❡r✐♦r✱ s❤♦✇s ❤♦st✐❧✐t② t♦✇❛r❞s ✉s ✖
♠❛② ❤❡ ❢❛❧❧ ❞♦✇♥✱
❛♥❞ t♦ ✇❤♦♠ ✇❡ ❛r❡ ❤♦st✐❧❡✱ ♠❛② t❤❡ ❜r❡❛t❤ ♦❢ ❧✐❢❡ ❛❜❛♥❞♦♥ ❤✐♠✳
✹❛ ♣❛rt✐❝✉❧❛r ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❣❡st✉r❡✱ ❧✐❦❡❧② t❤❡ ♦♥❡ t❤❛t ✐♥ ❧❛t❡r ❇✉❞❞❤✐st tr❛❞✐t✐♦♥s
✐s ❝❛❧❧❡❞ mahāmudrā✱ ❛♥❞ ❤❛s ❛s ❡ss❡♥t✐❛❧ ♣❛rt ♦❢ ✐t ✏❜❡✐♥❣ ❝♦♥t✐♥✉♦✉s❧②
❛✇❛r❡ ♦❢ ✇❤❛t t❤❡ ♠✐♥❞ ✐s ❡①♣❡r✐❡♥❝✐♥❣✑
✺ t❤❛t ✐s✱ deva✲s
✻ ❧✐t✳ ✏✜r♠✱ ✜r♠❧② ✜①❡❞✑
✼ ♠❡❛♥✐♥❣ ✉♥❦♥♦✇♥
✽ ♣r♦❜✳ ✏t❤❡ s✉♥✑
✾ ♠❡❛♥✐♥❣ ♥♦t ❝❧❡❛r✱ ♣r♦❜✳ ✏♠✉s❝❧❡ ✜r♠♥❡ss✑
✶✵ ♠❡❛♥✐♥❣ ♥♦t ❝❧❡❛r✱ ♣r♦❜✳ ✏❛♥ ♦❛t❤ t♦ ❡①❡rt ♦♥❡✬s s❡❧❢ ✑
✶✶ ♣r♦❜✳ ✏♥♦t ✇❛♥❞❡r✐♥❣ ❛r♦✉♥❞✱ t✉r♥❡❞ r♦❜✉st❧② t♦✇❛r❞s t❤❡ ❣♦❛❧✑
✶✷ ❂ s❡tt❧❡❞✴♣❡❛❝❡❢✉❧ ❧✐❢❡
✺✷✽

paraśúm . cidvı́ vr.ścati |

. cidvı́ tapati śimbalám
ukhā´ cidindra yés.antı̄ práyastā phénamasyati || 22 ||

ná sā´yakasya cikite janāso

lodhám . nayanti páśu mányamānāh. |
nā´vājinam
. vājı́nā hāsayanti
ná gardabhám . puró áśvānnayanti || 23 ||

imá indra bharatásya putrā´

apapitvám . cikiturná prapitvám |
hinvántyáśvamáran.am . ná nı́tyam .
jyā`vājam
. pári n
. ayantyāj ´ || 24 ||
au
 ✺✷✾

✷✷✳ ❍❡ ✇❛r♠s ✉♣ ❡✈❡♥ t❤❡ ❛①✱

❤❡ s❡✈❡rs t❤❡ ✈❡r② str❡♥❣t❤ t♦ ❡①❡rt ❤✐♠s❡❧❢✳
❊✈❡♥ ❜♦✐❧✐♥❣ ♣♦t✱ ❖ Indra✱
❜✉❜❜❧✐♥❣ ♦✈❡r✱ ❝❛sts ❢r♦t❤✳
✷✸✳ ❋♦❧❦s ❞♦ ♥♦t t❛❦❡ ♥♦t✐❝❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ✐♥t❡♥❞❡❞❀
t❤❡②✱ ❜❡✐♥❣ t❤♦✉❣❤t ♦❢ ❛s ❛ ❝❛tt❧❡✱
❧❡❛❞ ❛ ❣r❡❡❞② ❬♠❛♥ t♦ t❤❡✐r ♦✇♥ r✉✐♥❪✱
t❤❡② ❞♦ ♥♦t ♠❛❦❡ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ❧❛❝❦s t❤❡ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r
t♦ ❧❛✉❣❤ ❛t ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ✐s ❝❛♣❛❜❧❡ ♦❢ ❛ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱
t❤❡② ❞♦ ♥♦t ❧❡❛❞ ❛ ❞♦♥❦❡② ❜❡❢♦r❡ ❛ ❤♦rs❡✳
✷✹✳ ❖ Indra✱ t❤❡s❡ s♦♥s ♦❢ ❤✐♠✶✸ ✇❤♦ ✐s t♦ ❜❡ ♠❛✐♥t❛✐♥❡❞
❤❛✈❡ ♥♦t✐❝❡❞ t❤❡ s❡♣❛r❛t✐♦♥✶✹ ✱ ♥♦t t❤❡ ✢✐❣❤t ❢♦r✇❛r❞✱
t❤❡② ✐♠♣❡❧ ❛ ❞✐st❛♥t ❤♦rs❡✱ ♥♦t t❤❡ ✐♥♥❛t❡ ♦♥❡❀
✐♥ ❛ ❝♦♥t❡st✱ t❤❡② ❧❡❛❞ ❛r♦✉♥❞ t❤❡ ❬❤♦rs❡❪
✇❤♦s❡ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r ✐s ❧✐❦❡ ❛ ❜♦✇✲str✐♥❣✶✺ ✳

❚❤✐s ❤②♠♥ ❝♦♥s✐sts ♦❢ s❡✈❡r❛❧ ♣❛rts ❛❧❧ ♦❢ ✇❤✐❝❤ ✇❡r❡✱ ✐t s❡❡♠s✱

r❡❝✐t❡❞ ❞✉r✐♥❣ ❛ ❝❡r❡♠♦♥② ♦❢ s❡♥❞✐♥❣ ❛ ❣r♦✉♣ ♦❢ ②♦✉♥❣ ♠❡♥ ♦✛ ♦♥
❛ q✉❡st ❢♦r ♦✇♥ ❤♦✉s❡✱ ✇✐❢❡ ❛♥❞ s❡tt❧❡❞ ❧✐❢❡✳ ❉✉r✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❢♦rt❤❝♦♠✐♥❣
❥♦✉r♥❡② t❤❡ st❛t❡ ♦❢ Indra ✐s ❞❡❡♠❡❞ ❛❞✈❛♥t❛❣❡♦✉s✱ s♦ ✐♥str✉❝t✐♦♥s✱
♦r r❡♠✐♥❞❡rs✱ ❛r❡ ❣✐✈❡♥✳ ❱❡rs❡s ✶✼✕✷✶ ❛r❡ ❛ ❜❡♥❡❞✐❝t✐♦♥✳ ❱❡rs❡s
✷✷✕✷✹ r❡♠✐♥❞s ♦❢ ♣✐t❢❛❧❧s ♦❢ ♦r❞✐♥❛r② ❢♦❧❦s t❤❛t t❤♦s❡ tr❛✐♥✐♥❣ t♦
❜❡❝♦♠❡ Indra s❤❛❧❧ ❛✈♦✐❞ ✐♥ t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s ❛♥❞ t❛❦❡ ❛❞✈❛♥t❛❣❡ ♦❢ ✐♥
♦t❤❡rs✳

✶✸ ♣r♦❜✳ Rudra
✶✹ t❤❛t ✐s ❛♥ ❡✛❡❝t ♦❢ Rudra
✶✺ t❤❛t ✐s✱ s♥❛♣s ❢r♦♠ t❡♥s✐♦♥❡❞ st❛t❡ ✇✐t❤♦✉t s❤♦✇✐♥❣ ♣❡rs✐st❡♥❝❡
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✸✳✻✷

Viśvāmitra | ✶✕✸ Tris..tubh✱ ✹✕✶✽ Gāyatrı̄ | t♦ ✈❛r✐♦✉s deva✲s

imā´ u vām
. bhr.máyo mányamānā
yuvā´vate ná tújyā abhūvan |
kvà tyádindrāvarun.ā yáśo vām
.
yéna smā sı́nam . bhárathah. sákhibhyah. || 1 ||

ayámu vām . purutámo rayı̄yáñchaśvattamám

ávase johavı̄ti |
sajós.āvindrāvarun.ā marúdbhir
divā´ pr.thivyā´ śr.n.utam . me || 2 ||
. hávam

asmé tádindrāvarun.ā vásu .syād

asmé rayı́rmarutah. sárvavı̄rah. |
asmā´nvárūtrı̄h. śaran.áıravantvasmā´n
hótrā bhā´ratı̄ dáks.in.ābhih. || 3 ||

bŕ.haspate jus.ásva no havyā´ni viśvadevya |

rā´sva rátnāni dāśús.e || 4 ||

śúcimarkáırbŕ.haspátimadhvarés.u namasyata |
ánāmyója ā´ cake || 5 ||

. cars.an.ı̄nā´m
vr..sabhám . viśvárūpamádābhyam |
. váren.yam || 6 ||
bŕ.haspátim

. te pūs.annāghr.n.e sus..tutı́rdeva návyası̄ |

iyám
asmā´bhistúbhyam. śasyate || 7 ||

tā´m . máma vājayántı̄mavā dhı́yam |

. jus.asva gı́ram
vadhūyúriva yós.an.ām || 8 ||

. ca páśyati |
yó vı́śvābhı́ vipáśyati bhúvanā sám
sá nah. pūs.ā´vitā´ bhuvat || 9 ||
 ✺✸✶

✶✳ ❚❤❡s❡✱ t❤♦✉❣❤t ♦❢ ❛s ❡♥❞❡❛✈♦✉r✐♥❣✱ ❬✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥s❪ ♦❢ ②♦✉ t✇♦

❞✐❞♥✬t ❜❡❝♦♠❡ t♦✲❜❡✲❢♦❝✉s❡❞✲✉♣♦♥ ❢♦r ❬❛ ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡r❪ ♦❢ ②♦✉ ❜♦t❤✳
❲❤❡r❡✱ ❖ Indra✕Varun.a✱ ❬✐s❪ t❤❛t ②♦✉r ✇♦rt❤
✇✐t❤ ✇❤✐❝❤ ②♦✉ t✇♦ ❛❧✇❛②s ❜r✐♥❣ r❡✇❛r❞s t♦ ❬②♦✉r❪ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s❄
✷✳ ❚❤✐s ♦♥❡✱ t❤❡ ❜❡st✲❛♠♦♥❣✲♠❛♥② ❬❢r✐❡♥❞❪ ♦❢ ②♦✉rs✱
s❡❡❦✐♥❣ t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡✱ ❛❣❛✐♥ ❝❛❧❧s ✉♣♦♥ ❬②♦✉❪ ❢♦r ❤❡❧♣✳
❆❝t✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❤❛r♠♦♥② ✇✐t❤ Marut✲s✱ ❖ Indra✕Varun.a✱
✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤✱ ❞♦ ❧✐st❡♥ t♦ ♠② ✐♥✈♦❝❛t✐♦♥✦
✸✳ ▼❛② t❤❛t ❜❡♥❡✜t ❜❡ ❢♦r ✉s✱ ❖ Indra✕Varun.a✱
❢♦r ✉s ❬❜❡❪ t❤❡ ❛❧❧✲❤❡r♦✐❝ tr❡❛s✉r❡ ♦❢ Marut✲s✦
▼❛② ✉s ❢❡♠❛❧❡ ❣✉❛r❞✐❛♥s ❢❛✈♦r ✇✐t❤ ❬t❤❡✐r❪ ♣r♦t❡❝t✐♦♥s✱
❬♠❛②❪ ✉s t❤❡ ✐♥✈♦❝❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ Bharata✲s ❬❢❛✈♦r❪
✇✐t❤ s❛❝r✐✜❝✐❛❧ r❡✇❛r❞s✳
✖✖
✹✳ ❖ Br.haspati✱ ❡♥❥♦② ♦✉r ♦❜❧❛t✐♦♥s✱
❖ ❞❡❛r t♦ ❛❧❧ deva✲s✱
❣r❛♥t r✐❝❤❡s t♦ t❤❡ ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡r✦
✺✳ ❉✉r✐♥❣ ♣r♦❝❡❡❞✐♥❣ ♦♥ t❤❡✐r ✇❛② ❬s❛❝r✐✜❝❡s❪ ❞♦ ②❡ ♣❛② ❤♦♠❛❣❡
❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❤②♠♥s ♦❢ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t✐♦♥ t♦ s❤✐♥✐♥❣ Br.haspati✦
■ ❛❣r❡❡ t♦ ❬❤✐s❪ ✉♥②✐❡❧❞✐♥❣ ✈✐❣♦✉r✳
✻✳ ❬❉♦ ②❡ ♣❛② ❤♦♠❛❣❡❪ t♦ ❛♣♣❡❛r✐♥❣ ❛s ❛ ❜✉❧❧ ♦♥❡✱
t♦ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ❝❛♥ ❛ss✉♠❡ ❛♥② ❢♦r♠
♦❢ ❞r❛✇✐♥❣ t♦ t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s ✶ ✱ t♦ ♥♦t✲t♦✲❜❡✲❞❡❝❡✐✈❡❞
t♦ ❜❡ ♣r❡❢❡rr❡❞ ❬t♦ ❛❧❧ ♦t❤❡rs❪ Br.haspati✦
✖✖
✼✳ ❚❤✐s ♥❡✇ ❝♦rr❡❝t❧② ❛rt✐❝✉❧❛t❡❞ ♣r❛✐s❡ ♦❢ t❤❡❡✱
❖ ✢❛r✐♥❣ Pūs.an✱
✐s r❡❝✐t❡❞ ❜② ✉s ❢♦r t❤❡❡✱ ❖ deva✦
✽✳ ❊♥❥♦② t❤✐s ♠② s♦♥❣✦
❋❛✈♦✉r ✈✐s✐♦♥ t❤❛t ❡♠♣❧♦②s ❛ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r
❧✐❦❡ ♦♥❡ ✇❤♦ s❡❡❦s ❛ ✇✐❢❡ ❬❢❛✈♦✉rs❪ ❛ ♠❛✐❞❡♥✳
✾✳ ❍❡ ✇❤♦ ❧♦♦❦s ✐♥ ❞❡t❛✐❧ ✐♥t♦ ❛❧❧ ♣❧❛❝❡s ♦❢ ❡①✐st❡♥❝❡
②❡t ❜❡❤♦❧❞s ❬t❤❡♠❪ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✖
Pūs.an s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ s✉❝❤ ❛ ❤❡❧♣❡r t♦ ✉s✳
✖✖

✶ ❂s❡♥s❡s
✺✸✷

. bhárgo devásya dhı̄mahi |

tátsavitúrváren.yam
dhı́yo yó nah. pracodáyāt || 10 ||

devásya savitúrvayám . dhyā |

. vājayántah. púram
bhágasya rātı́mı̄mahe || 11 ||

. nárah. savitā´ram
devám ´ . suvr.ktı́bhih. |
. vı́prā yajñaıh
namasyánti dhiyés.itā´h. || 12 ||

sómo jigāti gātuvı́ddevā´nāmeti nis.kr.tám |

r.tásya yónimāsádam || 13 ||

sómo asmábhyam . dvipáde cátus.pade ca paśáve |

anamı̄vā´ ı́s.askarat || 14 ||

asmā´kamā´yurvardháyannabhı́mātı̄h. sáhamānah. |
sómah. sadhásthamā´sadat || 15 ||

ā´ no mitrāvarun.ā ghr.táırgávyūtimuks.atam |

. si sukratū || 16 ||
mádhvā rájām

uruśám. sā namovŕ.dhā mahnā´ dáks.asya rājathah. |

drā´ghis..thābhih. śucivratā || 17 ||

gr.n.ānā´ jamádagninā yónāvr.tásya sı̄datam |

pātám. sómamr.tāvr.dhā || 18 ||
 ✺✸✸

✶✵✳ ❖❢ t❤❡ ✐♠♣❡❧❧❡r✷ t❤❛t ✇❤✐❝❤ ✐s t♦ ❜❡ ♣r❡❢❡rr❡❞ ❬t♦ ❛❧❧ ❡❧s❡❪

❧❡t ✉s ❛❝❝❡♣t ✖ t❤❡ r❛❞✐❛♥❝❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ deva ✖
✇❤♦ ❬t❤✉s❪ ✇✐❧❧ ❝❛✉s❡ ♦✉r ✈✐s✐♦♥s t♦ ❞r✐✈❡ ❬✉s❪ ♦♥✳
✶✶✳ ❲❡✱ ♣r❛❝t✐s✐♥❣ r✉s❤❡s ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r
t❤r♦✉❣❤ ❧✐❜❡r❛❧✐t② ♦❢ deva t❤❡ ✐♠♣❡❧❧❡r✱
❛s❦ ❢♦r t❤❡ ❣✐❢t ♦❢ ❣♦♦❞ ❢♦rt✉♥❡✳
✶✷✳ ❚♦ deva✲t❤❡✲✐♠♣❡❧❧❡r ✐♥s♣✐r❡❞ ♠❡♥
♣❛② ❤♦♠❛❣❡ ✇✐t❤ ✇❡❧❧✲t✇✐st❡❞ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡s✱
❬t❤❡②✱❪ ❞r✐✈❡♥ ❜② t❤❡ ✈✐s✐♦♥✳
✖✖
✶✸✳ ❋✐♥❞✐♥❣ ❛♥ ✉♥✐♠♣❡❞❡❞ ✇❛②✱ Soma ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤❡s❀
✐t ❣♦❡s t♦✇❛r❞s t❤❡ ♣❧❛❝❡ ✇❤❡r❡ deva✲s ❝♦♠❡ ♦✉t
t♦ s❡tt❧❡ ✐♥t♦ t❤❡ ✇♦♠❜ ♦❢ .rta✳
✶✹✳ ❋♦r ✉s✱ ❢♦r t✇♦✲❢♦♦t❡❞✱ ❛♥❞ ❢♦✉r✲❢♦♦t❡❞ ❜❡❛sts
Soma s❤❛❧❧ ❝r❡❛t❡
❞❡✈♦✐❞ ♦❢ ❤❛♥❣♦✈❡r✸ ❧✐❜❛t✐♦♥s✳
✶✺✳ ▼❛❦✐♥❣ ♦✉r ✈✐t❛❧ ♣♦✇❡r str♦♥❣❡r✱
♣r❡✈❛✐❧✐♥❣ ♦✈❡r ♣❧♦tt✐♥❣ ❡♥❡♠✐❡s✱
Soma s❡tt❧❡❞ ✐♥ t❤❡ ♠❡❡t✐♥❣ ♣❧❛❝❡ ❬♦❢ deva✲s❪✳
✖✖
✶✻✳ ❖ Mitra✕Varun.a✱
s♣r✐♥❦❧❡ ✇✐t❤ ❞r♦♣s ♦❢ ❣❤❡❡ ❤❡r❡ ♦✉r ♣❛st✉r❡✱
✇✐t❤ ❤♦♥❡② ✖ t❤❡ r❡❣✐♦♥s✱ ❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❣♦♦❞ ❞❡s✐❣♥s ♦♥❡s✦
✶✼✳ ❨♦✉ t✇♦✱ ✇❤♦s❡ ❜❧❡ss✐♥❣s ❛r❡ ❢❛r✲r❛♥❣✐♥❣✱
❬✇❤♦ ❛r❡❪ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥✐♥❣ t❤❡ r❡✈❡r❡♥❝❡✱
②♦✉ r✉❧❡ t❤r♦✉❣❤ ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥❝❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r ♦❢ ❞✐s❝❡r♥♠❡♥t
t❤r♦✉❣❤ ❧♦♥❣❡st ❬str❡t❝❤❡s ♦❢ t✐♠❡❪✱
❖ ②♦✉ ✇❤♦s❡ ♠♦❞❡ ♦❢ ❛❝t✐♦♥ ✐s ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t✐♥❣✦
✶✽✳ ❇❡✐♥❣ ❡①t♦❧❧❡❞ ❜② Jamadagni
s❡tt❧❡ ✐♥t♦ t❤❡ ✇♦♠❜ ♦❢ .rta✦
❉r✐♥❦ soma✱ ②♦✉ t✇♦ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥✐♥❣ .rta✦

✷ Savitr
.
✸ ❧✐t✳ ✏❣r✐❡❢✱ ♣❛✐♥✑
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✹✳✶✻

Vāmadeva Gautama | Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra

ā´ satyó yātu maghávām̃

. .rjı̄s.´ı̄
drávantvasya háraya úpa nah. |
tásmā ı́dándhah. sus.umā sudáks.am
ihā´bhipitvám. karate gr.n.ānáh. || 1 ||

áva sya śūrā´dhvano nā´nte ′smı́nno

adyá sávane mandádhyai |
. sātyukthámuśáneva vedhā´ś
śám
cikitús.e asuryā`ya mánma || 2 ||

kavı́rná nin.yám . vidáthāni sā´dhan

. vipipānó árcāt |
vŕ..sā yátsékam
divá itthā´ jı̄janatsaptá kārū´n
áhnā ciccakrurvayúnā gr.n.ántah. || 3 ||

svàryádvédi sudŕ.śı̄kamarkáır
máhi jyótı̄ rurucuryáddha vástoh. |
andhā´ támām. si dúdhitā vicáks.e
nŕ.bhyaścakāra nŕ.tamo abhı́s..tau || 4 ||

vavaks.á ı́ndro ámitamr.jı̄s.yùbhé

ā´ paprau ródası̄ mahitvā´ |
átaścidasya mahimā´ vı́ recyabhı́
yó vı́śvā bhúvanā babhū´va || 5 ||

vı́śvāni śakró náryān.i vidvā´n

apó rireca sákhibhirnı́kāmaih. |
áśmānam . cidyé bibhidúrvácobhir
vrajám . gómantamuśı́jo vı́ vavruh. || 6 ||
 ✺✸✺

✶✳ ❘❡❛❧✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❛ ❞✐r❡❝t ✐♠♣❛❝t✱

♠❛② ❤❡✱ t❤❡ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡✱ ❛rr✐✈❡ ❤❡r❡✱
♠❛② t❤❡ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s r✉s❤ t♦✇❛r❞s ✉s✦
❏✉st ❢♦r ❤✐♠ ■ ❤❛✈❡ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ✇❡❧❧✲❞✐s❝❡r♥✐♥❣ ❤❡r❜❀
❜❡✐♥❣ ❡①t♦❧❧❡❞ ❤❡ ❬✇✐❧❧❪ st❛② ❤❡r❡ ❢♦r ❛ ✇❤✐❧❡✳
✷✳ ❯♥❤❛r♥❡ss ❬②♦✉r ❤♦rs❡s❪✱ ❖ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱
❛s ✐❢ ❛t t❤❡ ❡♥❞ ♦❢ ❧❡❛❞✐♥❣ t♦ ❛ ❣♦❛❧ r♦❛❞ ✖
t♦ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ✐♥✢❛♠❡❞ t♦❞❛② ❛t t❤✐s ♦✉r ❬❙♦♠❛❪ ♣r❡ss✐♥❣✱
s♦ t❤❛t ❛♥ ❛❞❡♣t ✇♦✉❧❞ r❡❝✐t❡✱ ❧✐❦❡ Uśanas✱ ❛ ✈❡rs❡✱
❛ ♠❛♥✐❝ t❤♦✉❣❤t ❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ ✇❛t❝❤❢✉❧ ❣✉✐❞❛♥❝❡✳
✖✖
✸✳ ▲✐❦❡ ♣♦❡t ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t❡s ✇❤❛t ✐s ❤✐❞❞❡♥✱ t❤❡ ❜✉❧❧
❬✐s❪ ❜r✐♥❣✐♥❣ t♦ r❡❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥ ❦♥♦✇❧❡❞❣❡✲s❤❛r✐♥❣ s❡ss✐♦♥s ✖
✇❤❡♥ ❞r✐♥❦✐♥❣ ✉♣ t❤❡ ❧✐❜❛t✐♦♥❀
s✐♥❝❡ ❤❡ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t❡s ✇✐t❤ st❛♥③❛s✱
❤❡ s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ ❜❡❣♦t t❤❡ s❡✈❡♥ s✐♥❣❡rs ♦❢ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥❀
t❤r♦✉❣❤♦✉t t❤❡ ❞❛②
t❤❡ ❡①t♦❧❧✐♥❣ ♦♥❡s ♠❛❦❡ ❡♥t✐❝❡♠❡♥ts ❬❢♦r ❤✐♠❪✳
✹✳ ❲❤❡♥ ❡❛s② t♦ ❜❡❤♦❧❞ svar
s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ ❜❡❡♥ ❢♦✉♥❞ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❤②♠♥s ♦❢ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t✐♦♥✱
✐♥ t❤❡ ♠♦r♥✐♥❣✱ ✇❤❡♥ ✐♥❞❡❡❞
❬t❤❡ ❤②♠♥s❪ ❤❛✈❡ s❤✐♥❡❞ ❡①t❡♥s✐✈❡ ❧✐❣❤t✱
t❤❡ ♠♦st✲♠❛♥❧②✲✐♥✲❛ss✐sst✐♥❣ ♦♥❡ ♠❛❞❡ ❬✐t ♣♦ss✐❜❧❡❪ ❢♦r ♠❡♥
t♦ s❡❡ ❝❧❡❛r❧② ❜❧✐♥❞✐♥❣ t✉r❜✐❞ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ♦❜s❝✉r❛t✐♦♥s✳
✺✳ Indra✱ ❤❛s ❣r♦✇♥ ✐♠♠❡♥s❡❧②❀ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❞✐r❡❝t ✐♠♣❛❝t✱
❤❡✱ ❡①❛❧t✐♥❣✱ ✜❧❧❡❞ ❜♦t❤ Rodas✲❡s❀
❛❧s♦✱ ❢r♦♠ t❤❛t t✐♠❡ ❤✐s ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ✐♥❝r❡❛s❡✲✐♥✲s✐③❡✱
✇❤✐❝❤ ❤❛s ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❞♦♠✐♥❛t✐♥❣ ❛❧❧ ♣❧❛❝❡s ♦❢ ❡①✐st❡♥❝❡✱
✇❛s ❡①t❡♥❞❡❞ ❜❡②♦♥❞ ❬t❤❡ ♦r✐❣✐♥❛❧ ❞♦♠❛✐♥❪✳
✻✳ ❚♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ❞✐s♣❛ss✐♦♥❛t❡ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s✱ ❤❡✱ ❝❛♣❛❜❧❡✱
❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❢♦✉♥❞ ❛❧❧ s✉✐t❛❜❧❡ t♦ ♠❡♥ ❬♣❧❛❝❡s ♦❢ ❡①✐st❡♥❝❡❪✱
s❡t ❢r❡❡ t❤❡ ✇❛t❡rs✳
❊✈❡♥ t❤♦s❡ ✇❤♦ ♣✐❡r❝❡❞ t❤❡ st♦♥❡ ✇✐t❤ s♣❡❡❝❤❡s✱
t❤❡②✱ ✇❤♦ str✐✈❡ ❡❛r♥❡st❧②✱
❤❛✈❡ ✉♥❝♦✈❡r❡❞ t❤❡ ❡♥❝❧♦s✉r❡ r✐❝❤ ✐♥ ❝♦✇s✳
✖✖
✺✸✻

apó vr.trám. vavrivā´m. sam . párāhan

prā´vatte vájram pr
. . thiv´
ı̄ sácetāh. |
prā´rn.ām
. si samudrı́yān.yainoh.
pátirbhávañchávasā śūra dhr..sn.o || 7 ||

apó yádádrim. puruhūta dárdar

āvı́rbhuvatsarámā pūrvyám . te |
sá no netā´ vā´jamā´ dars.i bhū´rim
.
gotrā´ rujánnáṅgirobhirgr.n.ānáh. || 8 ||

áchā kavı́m. nr.man.o gā abhı́s..tau

svàrs.ātā maghavannā´dhamānam |
ūtı́bhistámis.an.o dyumnáhūtau
nı́ māyā´vānábrahmā dásyurarta || 9 ||

ā´ dasyughnā´ mánasā yāhyástam .

bhúvatte kútsah. sakhyé nı́kāmah. |
své yónau nı́ .sadatam . sárūpā
vı́ vām
. cikitsadr. tacı́ddha nā´rı̄ || 10 ||

yā´si kútsena saráthamavasyús

todó vā´tasya háryor´ı̄śānah. |
.rjrā´ vā´jam
. ná gádhyam . yúyūs.an
kavı́ryádáhanpā´ryāya bhū´.sāt || 11 ||

kútsāya śús.n.amaśús.am
. nı́ barhı̄h.
prapitvé áhnah. kúyavam . sahásrā |
sadyó dásyūnprá mr.n.a kutsyéna
prá sū´raścakrám. vr.hatādabh´ı̄ke || 12 ||
 ✺✸✼

✼✳ ❚❤♦✉ ❦♥♦❝❦❡❞ ❛s✐❞❡ Vr.tra t❤❛t ❤❛s ❤✐♥❞❡r❡❞ t❤❡ ✇❛t❡rs❀

❛ss❡♥t✐♥❣ ❊❛rt❤ ❤❡❧♣❡❞ t❤② t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t❀
t❤♦✉ ✐♠♣❡❧❧❡❞ ✢♦♦❞✐♥❣✱ ✢♦✇✐♥❣ ✐♥t♦ t❤❡ s❡❛ ✇❛t❡rs ❢♦r✇❛r❞s
❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ t❤❡ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡ t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡
❜❡❝♦♠✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♠❛st❡r✱ ❖ ❞❛r✐♥❣ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✦
✽✳ ❲❤❡♥ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ ♠✉❝❤ ✐♥✈♦❦❡❞ ♦♥❡✱ s❤❛❧❧ ❜r❡❛❦ ♦♣❡♥
t❤❡ r♦❝❦ ♦❢ t❤❡ ✇❛t❡rs✱
Saramā s❤❛❧❧ ❛♣♣❡❛r ❜❡❢♦r❡ t❤❡❡✳
❙✉❝❤ ✖ ❜❡✐♥❣ ♦✉r ❣✉✐❞❡ ✖ t❤♦✉ ♠❛❦❡ ♣❧❡♥t✐❢✉❧
t❤❡ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r ❬t❤❛t ✐s❪ ❛❝❝❡ss✐❜❧❡ ❬t♦ ✉s❪
❬t❤♦✉✱❪ s❤❛tt❡r✐♥❣ ❝♦✇✲♣❡♥s✱ ❬t❤♦✉✱❪ ❡①t♦❧❧❡❞ ❜② aṅgiras✲❡s✳
✾✳ ❚❤♦✉✱ ❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ♠❛♥❧② ♠✐♥❞s❡t ♦♥❡✱
s❤❛❧❧ ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤ ✇✐t❤ ❛♥ ❛ss✐st❛♥❝❡ t❤❡ ♣♦❡t
✇❤♦ ✐s ❛s❦✐♥❣ ❢♦r ❤❡❧♣ ✐♥ ❣❛✐♥✐♥❣ svàr✱ ❖ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡✦
❲✐t❤ ❬✈❛r✐♦✉s❪ ❛✐❞s t❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ ❝❛st ❤✐♠
✐♥t♦ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t❡ ❜② ❛♥ ✐♥✈♦❝❛t✐♦♥ ✖
❤❛✈✐♥❣✲♣♦✇❡rs✲t♦✲❝♦♥✜❣✉r❡✲❝♦❣♥✐t✐♦♥
❬❜✉t❪ ❧❛❝❦✐♥❣✲❛✲❢♦r♠✉❧❛ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡✲t♦✲s✉✛❡r✲✇❛♥t s❤❛❧❧ s✉❜s✐❞❡✳
✶✵✳ ❏♦✉r♥❡② ❤♦♠❡ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ♠✐♥❞
t❤❛t ✐s s❧❛②✐♥❣ t❤❡ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡✲t♦✲s✉✛❡r✲✇❛♥t❀
✇✐t❤ t❤❡❡ ❜❡✐♥❣ ❧✐❦❡✲♠✐♥❞❡❞✱ Kutsa s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❞✐s♣❛ss✐♦♥❛t❡✳
❨♦✉ t✇♦✱ s✐♠✐❧❛r ❬t♦ ❡❛❝❤ ♦t❤❡r❪✱
s❤❛❧❧ s❡tt❧❡ t♦ ②♦✉r ♦✇♥ ✇♦♠❜ ✖
t❤❡ ✇♦♠❛♥ ✱ ♥♦t✐❝✐♥❣ ❝♦❤❡r❡♥❝❡s✱
✶
✇✐❧❧ s❡❡❦ t♦ ❞✐st✐♥❣✉✐s❤ ②♦✉ t✇♦ ❬❢r♦♠ ❡❛❝❤ ♦t❤❡r❪✳
✶✶✳ ❙❡❡❦✐♥❣ t♦ ❤❡❧♣✱ t❤♦✉ ❥♦✉r♥❡② ♦♥ t❤❡ s❛♠❡ ❝❤❛r✐♦t ✇✐t❤ Kutsa✳
❬❚❤♦✉✱❪ t❤❡ ❞r✐✈❡r ♦❢ t❤❡ ❬✈✐t❛❧❪ ❛✐r✱
❬t❤♦✉✱❪ ❜❡✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❝❤❛r❣❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s✱
❬t❤♦✉✱❪ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ t♦ t❛❦❡ ❤♦❧❞ ♦❢ t❤❡ t✇♦ ❣♦✐♥❣✲str❛✐❣❤t ♦♥❡s
❧✐❦❡ t❤❡ ♣r✐③❡ t♦ ❜❡ s❡✐③❡❞ ✖
s♦ t❤❛t ♦♥ ♦♥❡ ❞❛② t❤❡ ♣♦❡t ✇♦✉❧❞ ✉s❡ ❡✛♦rts
t♦ ❡♥❞ ❬t❤❡ ✐♠♣❛ss❪✳
✶✷✳ ❋♦r Kutsa t❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ♣✉❧❧❡❞ ✐♥ ❛t t❤❡ st❛rt ♦❢ t❤❡ ❞❛②
✉♥❛❜❛t✐♥❣ Śus.n.a ✇❤♦ ✐s ❝❛✉s✐♥❣ ❧❛❝❦ ♦❢ ❜❛r❧❡②
❬❛♥❞❪ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞ ❬♦❜st❛❝❧❡s❪✳
❉♦ ❝r✉s❤ ❛t t❤❡ ✈❡r② ♠♦♠❡♥t t❤❡ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡s t♦ s✉✛❡r ✇❛♥t
t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ✇❤❛t ✐s ❜❧❛♠❛❜❧❡
s♦ t❤❛t ❞✉r✐♥❣ ❛♥ ❛❞✈❡rs✐t②
t❤❡ ✐♥❝✐t❡r ✇♦✉❧❞ ✜rst t❡❛r t❤❡ ✇❤❡❡❧✳
✶ Saramā
✺✸✽

tvám
. pı́prum . mŕ.gayam . śūśuvā´m
. samr.jı́śvane
vaidathinā´ya randhı̄h. |
pañcāśátkr..sn.ā´ nı́ vapah. sahásrā´tkam
.
ná púro jarimā´ vı́ dardah. || 13 ||

sū´ra upāké tanvàm . dadhāno

vı́ yátte cétyamŕ.tasya várpah. |
mr.gó ná hast´ı̄ távis.ı̄mus.ān.áh.
sim . hó ná bhı̄má ā´yudhāni bı́bhrat || 14 ||

. kā´mā vasūyánto agman

ı́ndram
svàrmı̄..dhe ná sávane cakānā´h. |
śravasyávah. śaśamānā´sa uktháır
óko ná ran.vā´ sudŕ.śı̄va pus..tı́h. || 15 ||

támı́dva ı́ndram . suhávam . huvema

yástā´ cakā´ra náryā purū´n.i |
yó mā´vate jaritré gádhyam . cin
maks.ū´ vā´jam. bhárati . || 16 ||
spārhárādhāh

tigmā´ yádantáraśánih. pátāti

kásmiñcichūra muhuké jánānām |
ghorā´ yádarya sámr.tirbhávātyádha
smā nastanvò bodhi gopā´h. || 17 ||

bhúvo ′vitā´ vāmádevasya dhı̄nā´m.

bhúvah. sákhāvr.kó vā´jasātau |
tvā´mánu prámatimā´ jaganmoruśám . so
jaritré viśvádha syāh. || 18 ||
 ✺✸✾

✶✸✳ ❚❤♦✉ s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ ❝❛✉s❡❞ s✇❡❧❧❡❞ ✉♣ s❛✈❛❣❡ Pipru

t♦ s✉❜❥❡❝t t♦ R.jiśvan Vaidathina ✖
t❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ t❤r♦✇ ❞♦✇♥ ✜❢t② t❤♦✉s❛♥❞ ❞❛r❦ ♦♥❡s ✱
✷
t❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ ❧❛❝❡r❛t❡ t❤❡ ❛r♠♦r
❧✐❦❡ ♦❧❞ ❛❣❡ ❬❧❛❝❡r❛t❡s❪ t❤❡ ✇❛❧❧s ❬♦❢ ❛ ❝✐t②❪✳
✖✖
✶✹✳ P✉tt✐♥❣ ♦♥❡✬s s❡❧❢ ✐♥ t❤❡ ♣r❡s❡♥❝❡ ♦❢ svar
s♦ t❤❛t ❛ ♣❤❛♥t♦♠ ♦❢ t❤❡❡✱ ♦❢ t❤❡ ✐♠♣❡r✐s❤❛❜❧❡ ♦♥❡✱ ✐s ❞✐s❝❡r♥❡❞✱
❧✐❦❡ ❛ ✇✐❧❞ ❡❧❡♣❤❛♥t✱ ❬♦♥❡ ✐s❪ ❦❡❡♣✐♥❣
❬❤✐s❪ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝♦♥tr♦❧ ❬❤✐♠s❡❧❢❪❀
❝❛rr②✐♥❣ ✇❡❛♣♦♥s ❬♦♥❡ ❜❡❝♦♠❡s❪ t❡rr✐❢②✐♥❣ ❧✐❦❡ ❛ ❧✐♦♥✳
✶✺✳ ❙❡❡❦✐♥❣✲t♦✲❜❡✲❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧ ❧♦♥❣✐♥❣s s❡t ♦✉t t♦✇❛r❞s Indra
❬t❤❡② ❛r❡❪ s❛t✐s✜❡❞ ❞✉r✐♥❣ Soma ♣r❡ss✐♥❣
❬t❤❛t ✐s❪ ❛s ✐❢ ❛ ❝♦♥t❡st ❢♦r svar✳
❬❨♦✉ ✇❤♦ ❛r❡❪ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ ❛✉❞✐t♦r② ✐♠♣r❡ss✐♦♥✱
❡①❡rt✐♥❣ ②♦✉rs❡❧✈❡s ✇✐t❤ r❡❝✐t❡❞ ✈❡rs❡s✱
❛r❡ ❞❡❧✐❣❤t❢✉❧ ❛s ❛ r❡❢✉❣❡✱ ❬②♦✉r ❡①✐st❡♥❝❡ ♠❡❛♥s ❢✉t✉r❡❪
t❤r✐✈✐♥❣ ❧✐❦❡ ❬t❤❛t ♦❢❪ ❛ ❤❛♥❞s♦♠❡ ✇♦♠❛♥✳
✶✻✳ ❙✉❝❤ ✖ ❧✐st❡♥✐♥❣ ✇✐❧❧✐♥❣❧② ✖ Indra ✇❡ ❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥ ❢♦r ②♦✉ ✖
❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ❤❛s ❞♦♥❡ ♠❛♥② ♠❛♥❧② ❬❞❡❡❞s❪✱
✇❤♦ t♦ ❛ ♣r❛✐s❡r ❧✐❦❡ ♠❡ q✉✐❝❦❧② ❜r✐♥❣s
❥✉st t❤❡ ♣r✐③❡ t♦ ❜❡ s❡✐③❡❞ ✖ t❤❡ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱
✇❤♦ ✐s ❡❛❣❡r t♦ s❛t✐s❢② ❤✐s ❞❡s✐r❡ ❬❢♦r Soma❪✳
✖✖
✶✼✳ ❙✐♥❝❡ ✐♥ ❬t❤❡s❡❪ ♣❡♦♣❧❡ t❤❡ s❝♦r❝❤✐♥❣ ✢❛s❤ ♦❢ ❧✐❣❤t♥✐♥❣
♠✐❣❤t ♦❝❝✉r ❛t ❛♥② ♠♦♠❡♥t✱ ❖ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱
s✐♥❝❡ ❛ ❝❧❛s❤ ♠✐❣❤t t✉r♥ t❡rr✐❢②✐♥❣✱
t❤♦✉✱ ❖ t♦ ❜❡ ❝♦♥❞✉❝t❡❞ ✉♣✇❛r❞s ♦♥❡✱ ❜❡✐♥❣ ❛ ♣r♦t❡❝t♦r✱
❞♦ ❛tt❡♥❞ t♦ ♦✉r ❜♦❞✐❡s ♥♦✇ ❛♥❞ ❡✈❡r✳
✶✽✳ ❚❤♦✉ ✇✐❧❧ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ♣r♦♠♦t❡r ♦❢ Vāmadeva✬s ✈✐s✐♦♥s✱
✐♥ ♦❜t❛✐♥✐♥❣ t❤❡ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r t❤♦✉ ✇✐❧❧ ❜❡ ❛ ❧♦②❛❧ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥✱
✇❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❛s❦ t❤❡❡ t❤❡r❡✉♣♦♥ ❢♦r t❤❡ ❢♦r❡s❡❡✐♥❣ ❝❛r❡❀
❢♦r ❬t❤✐s❪ ♣r❛✐s❡r t❤♦✉ ❝♦✉❧❞ ❜❡ ♦♥ ❡✈❡r② ♦❝❝❛s✐♦♥
t❤❡ ♦♥❡ ✇❤♦s❡ ❜❧❡ss✐♥❣s ❛r❡ ❢❛r✲r❛♥❣✐♥❣✳

✷ ♥❡✉t❡r✱ s♦ ♣r♦❜✳ Vr.tra✲s

✺✹✵

ebhı́rnŕ.bhirindra tvāyúbhis..tvā
maghávadbhirmaghavanvı́śva ājau ´ |
dyā´vo ná dyumnaırabhı́
´ sánto aryáh.
ks.apó madema śarádaśca pūrv´ı̄h. || 19 ||

evédı́ndrāya vr..sabhā´ya vŕ..sn.e

bráhmākarma bhŕ.gavo ná rátham |
nū´ cidyáthā nah. sakhyā´ viyós.ad
ásanna ugrò ′vitā´ tanūpā´h. || 20 ||

nū´ .s.tutá indra nū´ gr.n.āná

. jaritré nadyò ná pı̄peh. |
ı́s.am
ákāri te harivo bráhma návyam .
dhiyā´ syāma rathyàh. sadāsā´h. || 21 ||
 ✺✹✶

✶✾✳ ❲✐t❤ t❤❡s❡ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ t❤❡❡ ♠❡♥✱ ✇✐t❤ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡s✱

❖ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡✱ ✇❡✱ ✇❤♦ ❛r❡ r❛✐s✐♥❣ ✐t ✉♣✱
s✉r♣❛ss✐♥❣ ❬❛t ✐t ♦t❤❡rs❪
❝❛♥ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t❡ ✖ ❧✐❦❡ ❞❛②s ✇✐t❤ ♣♦✇❡rs t♦ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t❡ ❬❝❛♥❪ ✖
t❤❡❡ ✐♥ ❡✈❡r② ❝♦♥t❡st ❛♥❞ ❢♦r ♠❛♥② ❞❛②s ❛♥❞ ❛✉t✉♠♥s✳
✖✖
✷✵✳ ❚❤✉s ❢♦r ❛♣♣❡❛r✐♥❣ ❛s ❛ ❜✉❧❧✱ ❜❡✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❝❤❛r❣❡ Indra
✇❡ ♠❛❞❡ ❛ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥ ❧✐❦❡ Bhrgu✲s ❬♠❛❦❡❪ ❛ ❝❤❛r✐♦t✱
✸
✐♥ s✉❝❤ ❛ ✇❛② t❤❛t ✐t ✇✐❧❧ ♥❡✈❡r .❞❡♣r✐✈❡ ✉s ♦❢ ❬t❤✐s❪ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥❀
❤❡✱ ♣r♦t❡❝t♦r ♦❢ ❬♦✉r❪ ❜♦❞✐❡s✱ s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡ ♦✉r ❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s ♣r♦♠♦t❡r✳
✷✶✳ ◆♦✇ ♣r❛✐s❡❞✱ ❖ Indra✱ ♥♦✇ ❡①t♦❧❧❡❞✱
❢♦r ❬t❤✐s❪ ♣r❛✐s❡r t❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ s✇❡❧❧ ❛ ❧✐❜❛t✐♦♥
❧✐❦❡ ❬t❤♦✉ s✇❡❧❧❡❞❪ r✐✈❡rs✳
❖ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞✲❜②✲t❛✇♥②✲♦♥❡s ♦♥❡✱ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥
❛ ♥♦✈❡❧ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥ ✇❛s ♠❛❞❡ ❢♦r t❤❡❡ ✖
♠❛② ✇❡ ❜❡ ❝❤❛r✐♦t❡❡rs ✇❤♦ ❛r❡ ❛❧✇❛②s ❣❛✐♥✐♥❣✦

✸ ✈❡rs❡s ✶✼✕✶✾
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✹✳✶✼

Vāmadeva Gautama | ✶✕✶✹✱ ✶✻✕✷✶ Tris..tubh✱ ✶✺ Ekapadā Virāj | t♦

Indra

tvám. mahā´m̃ . indra túbhyam . ha ks.ā´

ánu ks.atrám . mam . hánā manyata ´. |
dyauh
tvám. . vr trám
. śávasā jaghanv ´
ā n
. ráhinā jagrasānā´n || 1 ||
sr.jáh. sı́ndhūm̃

táva tvis.ó jánimanrejata dyau´

réjadbhū´mirbhiyásā svásya manyóh. |
.rghāyánta subhvàh. párvatāsa
ā´rdandhánvāni saráyanta ā´pah. || 2 ||

bhinádgirı́m. śávasā vájramis.n.ánnāvis.kr.n.vānáh.

sahasāná ójah. |
vádhı̄dvr.trám
. vájren.a mandasānáh.
sárannā´po jávasā hatávr..sn.ı̄h. || 3 ||

suv´ı̄raste janitā´ manyata dyaur´

ı́ndrasya kartā´ svápastamo bhūt |
. jajā´na svaryàm
yá ı̄m . suvájram
ánapacyutam . sádaso ná bhū´ma || 4 ||

yá éka iccyāváyati prá bhū´mā

rā´jā kr..s.tı̄nā´m
. puruhūtá ı́ndrah. |
satyámenamánu vı́śve madanti
rātı́m. devásya gr.n.ató maghónah. || 5 ||

satrā´ sómā abhavannasya vı́śve

satrā´ mádāso br.ható mádis..thāh. |
satrā´bhavo vásupatirvásūnām .
dátre vı́śvā adhithā indra kr..s.t´ı̄h. || 6 ||

. jā´yamānó me
′
tvámádha prathamám
´
vı́śvā adhithā indra kr..s.tı̄h. |
tvám . práti praváta āśáyānam
áhim . vájren.a maghavanvı́ vr.ścah. || 7 ||
 ✺✹✸

✶✳ ❚❤♦✉ ❬❛r❡❪ ♠✐❣❤t②✱ ❖ Indra✱ t♦ t❤❡❡ ✐♥❞❡❡❞ t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤✱

t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ s❤❛❧❧ ♣r♦♠♣t❧② ♣❡r♠✐t s✉♣r❡♠❛❝②❀
t❤♦✉✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ s❧❛②❡❞ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡ t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡ Vrtra✱
s❤❛❧❧ ❧❡t ❧♦♦s❡ t❤❡ r✐✈❡rs t❤❛t ❤❛✈❡ ❜❡❡♥ ❞❡✈♦✉r❡❞ .❜② t❤❡ s♥❛❦❡✳
✷✳ ❚❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ s❤❛❧❧ tr❡♠❜❧❡ ❛t t❤❡ ❜✐rt❤ ♦❢ t❤② ❛❣✐t❛t✐♦♥
t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤ s❤❛❧❧ s❤✉❞❞❡r ✇✐t❤ ❢❡❛r ♦❢ ♦✇♥ ③❡❛❧✱
str♦♥❣ ❦♥♦tt② ♦♥❡s s❤❛❧❧ r❛✈❡ ✖
❞❡s❡rts ❞✇✐♥❞❧❡❞✱ ✇❛t❡rs ❜❡❣✐♥ t♦ ✢♦✇✳
✸✳ ❍❡✱ ❝❛st✐♥❣ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡ ❛ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✱
s❤❛❧❧ ♣✐❡r❝❡ t❤❡ ♠♦✉♥t❛✐♥✱
❬❤❡✱❪ ❜② ❜❡✐♥❣ ♦✈❡r♣♦✇❡r✐♥❣✱ r❡✈❡❛❧✐♥❣ t❤❡ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱
❡①❛❧t✐♥❣✱ s❤❛❧❧ ❞❡❢❡❛t Vrtra ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t❀
t❤❡ ✇❛t❡rs✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❤❡✐r. ❜✉❧❧② ❦✐❧❧❡❞✱ s❤❛❧❧ ✢♦✇ ✇✐t❤ s♣❡❡❞✳
✹✳ ❚❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ✐s t❤♦✉❣❤t t♦ ❜❡ t❤② ✈❡r② ♠❛♥❧② ♣r♦❣❡♥✐t♦r❀
t❤❡ ❝r❡❛t♦r ♦❢ Indra ✇❤♦ ♣r♦❞✉❝❡❞ ❤✐♠
❬t♦ ❜❡❪ r♦❛r✐♥❣✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❣♦♦❞ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✱
❧✐❦❡ t❤❡ ❣r♦✉♥❞ ♦❢ ❬t❤✐s❪ ❛ss❡♠❜❧② ✖ ♥♦t t♦ ❜❡ ❜✉❞❣❡❞✱
s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ ❜❡❡♥ ♠♦st s❦✐❧❧❢✉❧✳
✺✳ ▼✉❝❤ ✐♥✈♦❦❡❞ Indra✱ ✇❤♦ ❛❧♦♥❡ ❝❛✉s❡s ❝♦✉♥tr✐❡s t♦ ❢❛❧❧✱
✐s t❤❡ ❦✐♥❣ ♦❢ tr✐❜❡s✳
❆❧❧ r❡❥♦✐❝❡ ♦✈❡r r❡❛❧ ❤✐♠ ✖
t❤❡ ❣✐❢t ♦❢ deva✱ ♦❢ ❛ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s✱ ❡①t♦❧❧✐♥❣ ❬❤✐♠❪ ❬♣❛tr♦♥❪✳
✻✳ ❆❧❧ ❞r♦♣s ♦❢ Soma ✇❡r❡ ❛❧✇❛②s ❤✐s
❛❧✇❛②s ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t✐♥❣✱ ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥t✱ ♠♦st ✐♥t♦①✐❝❛t✐♥❣❀
t❤♦✉ ❛❧✇❛②s ✇❡r❡ t❤❡ ♦✈❡rs❡❡r t❤❡ ❜❡♥❡✜t ♦❢ ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧ t❤✐♥❣s✱
❬✇❡ ❤♦♣❡❪ t❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ❡♥✈✐s✐♦♥❡❞ ❛❧❧ tr✐❜❡s
✐♥ ❛ s❤❛r❡ ❬♦❢ t❤♦s❡ t❤✐♥❣s❪✳
✼✳ ❚❤❡r❡❢♦r❡✱ t❤♦✉✱ ❜❡✐♥❣ ❜♦r♥ ✐♥✐t✐❛❧❧②✱
❤❛✈❡ ♣✉t✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❛❧❧ tr✐❜❡s ✐♥ t❤❡ st❛t❡ ♦❢ ✐♠♣❡t✉♦s✐t②❀
✇✐t❤ t❤❡ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t t❤♦✉ ❤❡✇ ✐♥ ♣✐❡❝❡s t❤❡ s♥❛❦❡
❬t❤❛t ✇❛s❪ ❧②✐♥❣ ❛❣❛✐♥st ❞✐r❡❝t❡❞ ❢♦r✇❛r❞s ❬✇❛t❡rs❪✱
❖ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡✦
✺✹✹

satrāhán.am. dā´dhr..sim
. túmramı́ndram .
mahā´mapārám vr
. .. s . suvájram |
abhám
. sánitotá vā´jam
hántā yó vr.trám .
dā´tā maghā´ni maghávā surā´dhāh. || 8 ||

ayám. vŕ.taścātayate samı̄c´ı̄r

yá ājı́s.u maghávā śr.n.vá ékah. |
ayám. vā´jam. bharati yám . sanótyasyá
priyā´sah. sakhyé syāma || 9 ||

ayám . śr.n.ve ádha jáyannutá ghnánnayám

utá prá kr.n.ute yudhā´ gā´h. |
yadā´ satyám . kr.n.uté manyúmı́ndro
. . .. . bhayata éjadasmāt || 10 ||
vı́śvam dr dhám

sámı́ndro gā´ ajayatsám

. hı́ran.yā
sámaśviyā´ maghávā yó ha pūrv´ı̄h. |
ebhı́rnŕ.bhirnŕ.tamo asya śākaı
´
rāyó vibhaktā´ sambharáśca vásvah. || 11 ||

kı́yatsvidı́ndro ádhyeti mātúh.

kı́yatpitúrjanitúryó jajā´na |
yó asya śús.mam . muhukáırı́yarti
vā´to ná jūtá stanáyadbhirabhráıh. || 12 ||

ks.iyántam . tvamáks.iyantam. kr.n.ot´ı̄yarti

ren.úm. maghávā samóham |
vibhañjanúraśánimām̃. iva dy aur
´
utá stotā´ram
. maghávā vásau dhāt || 13 ||
 ✺✹✺

✽✳ ❬■ ❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥❪ Indra✱ ❛❧✇❛②s s❧❛②✐♥❣ ❬Vr.tra❪✱ ❝♦✉r❛❣❡♦✉s✱ str♦♥❣✱

♠✐❣❤t②✱ ✉♥❜♦✉♥❞❡❞✱ r❡s❡♠❜❧✐♥❣ ❛ ❜✉❧❧✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❣♦♦❞ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✱
❬Indra❪ ✇❤♦ ✐s s❧❛②✐♥❣ Vrtra ❛♥❞ ♣r♦❝✉r✐♥❣ t❤❡ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r
❛ ❣✐✈❡r ♦❢ ❣✐❢ts✱ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s✱. ✇❡❧❧✲s❛t✐s❢②✐♥❣ ♦♥❡✳
✖✖
✾✳ ❚❤✐s ♦♥❡ ❢r✐❣❤t❡♥s ❛✇❛② ❝♦♠❜✐♥❡❞ tr♦♦♣s
✶
❬t❤❡ ♦♥❡✱❪ ✇❤♦✱ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ❬✇✐t❤ ❤✐s ✈♦✐❝❡❪✱
✐s ❛❧♦♥❡ ❤❡❛r❞ ✐♥ ❜❛tt❧❡s✱
t❤✐s ♦♥❡ ♠❛✐♥t❛✐♥s t❤❡ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r ✇❤✐❝❤ ❬Indra❪ ♣r♦❝✉r❡s ✖
✷
✇♦✉❧❞ ✇❡ ❜❡ ❢❛✈♦r✐t❡ ♦❢ t❤✐s ♦♥❡ ✐♥ ❧✐❦❡✲♠✐♥❞❡❞♥❡ss ❬✇✐t❤ ❤✐♠❪✦
✸
✶✵✳ ❚❤✐s ♦♥❡ ✐s ♥♦✇ ❤❡❛r❞ ✖ ❝♦♥q✉❡r✐♥❣ ❛♥❞ s❧❛②✐♥❣❀
❛♥❞ t❤✐s ♦♥❡ ♠❛❦❡s t❤r♦✉❣❤♦✉t ✜❣❤t✐♥❣
❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s ❀ ✹
✇❤❡♥❡✈❡r Indra ♠❛❦❡s t❤❡ ❛♥❣❡r t♦ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ r❡❛❧✐③❡❞
❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣ ✜r♠✱ ✐s ❛❢r❛✐❞✱ s❤❛❦✐♥❣ ✖ ❜❡❝❛✉s❡ ♦❢ ❤✐♠✳
✶✶✳ Indra ♣✉t ❝♦♠♣❧❡t❡❧② ✉♥❞❡r ❬❤✐s❪ ❝♦♥tr♦❧
❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ✱ ❡♥❝❤❛♥t✐♥❣✱ r❤②t❤♠✐❝❛❧ ❬❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s❪✱
✺ ✻
❤❡ ✇❤♦ ✐s ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s
❬❛❧s♦ ❝♦♥tr♦❧s❪ ♥✉♠❡r♦✉s ❬str❡❛♠s ♦❢ ✐♥♥❡r ✇❛t❡rs❪✳
❚♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ t❤❡s❡ ♠❡♥ ✱ ❤❡✱ ♠♦st ♠❛♥❧②✱ ❜② ❤✐s ♣♦✇❡rs ❬✐s❪
✼
❛♥ ❛♣♣♦rt✐♦♥❡r ♦❢ t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡ ❛♥❞ ❛ ❜❡st♦✇❡r
♦❢ ✇❤❛t ✐s ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧✳
✶✷✳ ❍♦✇ ♠✉❝❤✱ ❞♦ ②♦✉ t❤✐♥❦✱ Indra ❧❡❛r♥❡❞ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ♠♦t❤❡r✱
❤♦✇ ♠✉❝❤ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ❢❛t❤❡r✱ ❢r♦♠ ♣r♦❣❡♥✐t♦r ✇❤♦ ♣r♦❞✉❝❡❞ ❬❤✐♠❪✱
✇❤♦ r❛✐s❡s ❤✐s ❢❡r✈♦r ✐♥st❛♥t❧②❄
✖✖
▲✐❦❡ t❤❡ ✇✐♥❞ ✐♠♣❡❧❧❡❞ ❜② t❤✉♥❞❡r✐♥❣ ❝❧♦✉❞s✱
✶✸✳ ❤❡ ✖ t♦ ❣❛✐♥ ❛✉t❤♦r✐t② ✖
♠❛❦❡s ❛❜✐❞✐♥❣ ✐♥ ♣❡❛❝❡ ❬♠❛♥❪ ✉♥s❡tt❧❡❞❀
❤❡✱ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ❬✇✐t❤ ♣r♦♠✐s❡s❪✱ r❛✐s❡s t❤❡ ❞✉st
❜② ❜r✐♥❣✐♥❣ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ❬✈❛r✐♦✉s ❡♥t✐❝❡♠❡♥ts❪✱
s❤❛tt❡r✐♥❣ ❬r❡s✐st❛♥❝❡ ♦❢ ❞♦✉❜t❡rs❪ ✇✐t❤ ❧♦✉❞ ❬✈♦✐❝❡❪
❧✐❦❡ t❤❡ s❦② ✇✐t❤ ❬✐ts❪ ✢❛s❤ ♦❢ ❧✐❣❤t♥✐♥❣❀
❛❧s♦✱ ❤❡ s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ ♣✉t t❤❡ ♣r❛✐s❡r ❬♦❢ ❤✐♠❪
❬❛♥❞ ♦❢ ❤✐s s✉❣❣❡st✐♦♥s❪ ❛t ❛♥ ❛❞✈❛♥t❛❣❡✳
✶ ❛ ✜❣❤t❡r ✇✐t❤ t❤✉♥❞❡r✐♥❣ ✈♦✐❝❡
✷ ❛ ✜❣❤t❡r ✇❤♦ ❡♥t❡r❡❞ t❤❡ st❛t❡ ♦❢ ❜❡✐♥❣ Indra
✸ Indra
✹ ❧✐t✳ ✏❝♦✇s✑
✺ ❧✐t✳ ✏❝♦✇s✑
✻ ❧✐t✳ ✏r❡❧❛t❡❞ t♦ ❤♦rs❡s✑
✼ Marut✲s
✺✹✻

ayám . cakrámis.an.atsū´ryasya
nyétaśam . rı̄ramatsasr.mān.ám |
ā´ kr..sn.á ı̄m
. juhurān.ó jigharti
tvacó budhné rájaso asyá yónau || 14 ||

. yájamāno ná hótā || 15 ||

ásiknyām

gavyánta ı́ndram . sakhyā´ya vı́prā

. vājáyantah. |
aśvāyánto vŕ..san.am
janı̄yánto janidā´máks.itotim
ā´ cyāvayāmo ′vaté ná kóśam || 16 ||

trātā´ no bodhi dádr.śāna āpı́r

abhikhyātā´ mard.itā´ somyā´nām |
sákhā pitā´ pitŕ.tamah. pitr̄.n.ā´m
.
kártemu lokámuśaté vayodhā´h. || 17 ||

sakhı̄yatā´mavitā´ bodhi sákhā

gr.n.āná indra stuvaté váyo dhāh. |
vayám . hyā´ te cakr.mā´ sabā´dha
ābhı́h. śámı̄bhirmaháyanta indra || 18 ||
 ✺✹✼

✶✹✳ ❍❡ ❝❛✉s❡❞ t❤❡ ✇❤❡❡❧ ♦❢ t❤❡ s✉♥ t♦ ♠♦✈❡ q✉✐❝❦❧②❀

✽
❤❡ s❤❛❧❧ ♠❛❦❡ ✢♦✇✐♥❣ ✢✐❝❦❡r✐♥❣ ❬✐♥♥❡r ✜r❡❪ t♦ ❝♦♠❡ t♦ r❡st❀
❧❡❛❞✐♥❣ ✐t ❛str❛② ✐♥t♦ t❤❡ ❞❛r❦ ❬r❡❣✐♦♥❪
❤❡ t❤r♦✇s ❬✐t❪ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ t♦♥❣✉❡ t♦ t❤❡ ❜❛s❡ ✱
✾
❢r♦♠ ❧✉♠✐♥♦✉s r❡❣✐♦♥ ✐♥t♦ ✐ts ✇♦♠❜ ✖
✶✺✳ ❧✐❦❡ ✐♥✈♦❦❡r s❛❝r✐✜❝✐♥❣ ❞✉r✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❞❛r❦ ♦♥❡ ✳ ✶✵
✖✖
✶✻✳ ❉❡s✐r✐♥❣ ❝♦✇s✱ ❞❡s✐r✐♥❣ ❤♦rs❡s✱ ✐♥✇❛r❞❧② ❡①❝✐t❡❞ ♦♥❡s✱
❬❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥❪ Indra ❢♦r ❛ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s❤✐♣✱
♣r❛❝t✐s✐♥❣✲r✉s❤❡s✲♦❢✲✈✐❣♦✉r ♦♥❡s
❬❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥❪ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ✐s ✐♠♣r❡❣♥❛t✐♥❣❀
❬✇❡✱❪ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ ✇✐✈❡s✱ r❛tt❧❡ ❛s ❛ ♣❛✐❧ ✐♥ ❛ ✇❡❧❧ ❤✐♠
✇❤♦s❡ s✐❞❡✲❡✛❡❝ts ❞♦ ♥♦t t❛♣❡r ♦✛✱ ✇❤♦ ❣✐✈❡s ✇✐✈❡s✳
✶✼✳ ❍❛✈✐♥❣ s❤♦✇♥ t❤②s❡❧❢ ❛s ❛♥ ❛❧❧②✱
❜❡❝♦♠❡ ♦✉r ❞❡❢❡♥❞❡r✱
❧♦♦❦ ❢❛✈♦r❛❜❧② ❛♥❞ s❤♦✇ ❝♦♠♣❛ss✐♦♥ ❢♦r t❤♦s❡
✇❤♦ ❛r❡ ✐♥s♣✐r❡❞ ❜② Soma✦
❬❇❡❝♦♠❡❪ ❛ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥✱ t❤❡ ♠♦st ❢❛t❤❡r❧② ❢❛t❤❡r ♦❢ ❢❛t❤❡rs✱
❣✐✈✐♥❣ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❛♥❞ ❜♦❞✐❧② ❡♥❡r❣②
❝r❡❛t♦r ♦❢ ❛ ✇✐❞❡ ❬♠❡♥t❛❧❪ s♣❛❝❡ ❢♦r ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ❞❡s✐r❡s ❬✐t❪✦
✶✽✳ ❇❡❝♦♠❡ ❛ ♣r♦♠♦t❡r✱ ❛ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥ ♦❢ t❤♦s❡
✇❤♦ s❡❡❦ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s❤✐♣✱
❜❡✐♥❣ ❡①t♦❧❧❡❞✱ ❖ Indra✱ t❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ ❣✐✈❡
♠❡♥t❛❧ ❛♥❞ ❜♦❞✐❧② ❡♥❡r❣② t♦ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ♣r❛✐s❡s ❬t❤❡❡❪ ✖
❜❡❝❛✉s❡ ❢♦r t❤② s❛❦❡ ✇❡✱ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ t♦ ♠❛❣♥✐❢② ❬t❤❡❡❪✱
❤❛✈❡ ✉r❣❡♥t❧② ♣❡r❢♦r♠❡❞ t❤❡s❡ ❧❛❜♦rs✱ ❖ Indra✳
✖✖

✽ ❂manipūra
.
✾ ❂mūlādhāra
✶✵ ♣r♦❜✳ ✏♥❡✇ ♠♦♦♥✑
✺✹✽

stutá ı́ndro maghávā yáddha vr.trā´

bhū´rı̄n.yéko aprat´ı̄ni hanti |
asyá priyó jaritā´ yásya śárman
nákirdevā´ vāráyante ná mártāh. || 19 ||

evā´ na ı́ndro maghávā virapś´ı̄

káratsatyā´ cars.an.ı̄dhŕ.danarvā´ |
tvám. rā´jā janús.ām
. dhehyasmé
ádhi śrávo mā´hinam . yájjaritré || 20 ||

nū´ .s.tutá indra nū´ gr.n.āná

. jaritré nadyò ná pı̄peh. |
ı́s.am
ákāri te harivo bráhma návyam .
dhiyā´ syāma rathyàh. sadāsā´h. || 21 ||
 ✺✹✾

✶✾✳ ●❡♥❡r♦✉s Indra ✐s ♣r❛✐s❡❞ ❜❡❝❛✉s❡ ❤❡✱ ❛❧❧ ❜② ❤✐♠s❡❧❢✱

s♠❛s❤❡s ♥✉♠❡r♦✉s ✉♥❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤❛❜❧❡ ♦❜st❛❝❧❡s✳
❬❚❤✐s❪ ♣r❛✐s❡r ✐s ❞❡❛r t♦ ❤✐♠ ✉♥❞❡r ✇❤♦s❡ ♣r♦t❡❝t✐♦♥
♥♦ ♦♥❡ ✐s ❤✐♥❞❡r❡❞ ♥❡✐t❤❡r ❜② deva✲s ♥♦r ❜② ♠♦rt❛❧s✳
✷✵✳ ❏✉st ❢♦r ✉s ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ❡①✉❜❡r❛♥t Indra✱
✇❤♦ ✐s s✉♣♣♦rt✐♥❣ t❤♦s❡ t❤❛t ❞r❛✇ t♦ t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s ✱
✶✶
✇❤♦ ✐s ♥♦t t♦ ❜❡ ❧✐♠✐t❡❞✱ s❤❛❧❧ ♠❛❦❡ ❬✐t ❛❧❧❪ r❡❛❧✦
❚❤♦✉ ❛r❡ t❤❡ ❝❤✐❡❢t❛✐♥ ♦❢ ❝r❡❛t✉r❡s ✖
s❤❛r❡ ✇✐t❤ ✉s ❢❛♠❡ t❤❛t ❬✐s❪ ❣❧❛❞s♦♠❡ ❢♦r ❬t❤✐s❪ ♣r❛✐s❡r✳
✷✶✳ ◆♦✇ ♣r❛✐s❡❞✱ ❖ Indra✱ ♥♦✇ ❡①t♦❧❧❡❞✱
❢♦r ❬t❤✐s❪ ♣r❛✐s❡r t❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ s✇❡❧❧ t❤❡ ❧✐❜❛t✐♦♥
❧✐❦❡ ❬t❤♦✉ s✇❡❧❧❡❞❪ r✐✈❡rs✳
❖ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞✲❜②✲t❛✇♥②✲♦♥❡s ♦♥❡✱ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥
❛ ♥♦✈❡❧ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥ ✇❛s ♠❛❞❡ ❢♦r t❤❡❡ ✖
♠❛② ✇❡ ❜❡ ❝❤❛r✐♦t❡❡rs ✇❤♦ ❛r❡ ❛❧✇❛②s ❣❛✐♥✐♥❣✦

✶✶ t❤❡ s❡♥s❡s
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✹✳✶✽

Vāmadeva Gautama | Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra

ayám . pánthā ánuvittah. purān.ó

yáto devā´ udájāyanta vı́śve |
átaścidā´ janis.ı̄s..ta právr.ddho
mā´ mātáramamuyā´ páttave kah. || 1 ||

nā´hámáto nı́rayā durgáhaitát

tiraścátā pārśvā´nnı́rgamān.i |
bahū´ni me ákr.tā kártvāni
yúdhyai tvena sám . tvena pr.chai || 2 ||

parāyat´ı̄m . mātáramánvacas..ta
ná nā´nu gānyánu nū´ gamāni |
tvás..turgr.hé apibatsómamı́ndrah.
śatadhanyàm . camvòh. sutásya || 3 ||

kı́m
. sá .ŕdhakkr.n.avadyám . sahásram
.
māsójabhā´raśarádaśca pūrv´ı̄h. |
nah´ı̄ nvasya pratimā´namástyantár
jātés.ūtá yé jánitvāh. || 4 ||

avadyámiva mányamānā
gúhākarı́ndram . mātā´ vı̄ryèn.ā nyr̀..s.tam |
áthódasthātsvayámátkam . vásāna
ā´ ródası̄ apr.n.ājjā´yamānah. || 5 ||

etā´ ars.antyalalābhávantı̄r
.rtā´varı̄riva sam . króśamānāh. |
etā´ vı́ pr.cha kı́midám . bhananti
kámā´po ádrim . paridhı́m . rujanti || 6 ||
 ✺✺✶

❬❚❤❡ ❊❛rt❤✿❪
✶✳ ❚❤✐s ❬✐s❪ ❛♥ ❛❧r❡❛❞② ❦♥♦✇♥ ❛♥❝✐❡♥t ♣❛t❤
✇❤❡r❡❢r♦♠
✶ ❛❧❧ deva✲s ❞✐❞ ❡♠❡r❣❡✳
❋r♦♠ ❤❡r❡ ❤❡ ❝❛♥ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st ❤✐♠s❡❧❢ ❢✉❧❧② ❞❡✈❡❧♦♣❡❞ ✖
✷
❬❜✉t❪ t❤r♦✉❣❤♦✉t t❤✐s ❬♣❛ss❛❣❡ ❪ ❞♦ ♥♦t ♠❛❦❡ t❤❡ ♠♦t❤❡r
t♦ ❢❛❧❧ ❬❞♦✇♥❪✦
❬Indra✿❪
✷✳ ■ ❛♠ ♥♦t ❣♦✐♥❣ ♦✉t ❢r♦♠ t❤❡r❡ ✖ t❤❛t ✐s ✐♠♣❛ss❛❜❧❡❀
■ ✇✐❧❧ ❣♦ ♦✉t tr❛♥s✈❡rs❡❧②✱ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ s✐❞❡
✸ ✖
❬❜❡❝❛✉s❡❪ ♠❛♥② ♥♦t✲②❡t✲❞♦♥❡ t❛s❦s ❬❛r❡ t❤❡r❡❪ ❢♦r ♠❡ ✖
✹
t♦ ✜❣❤t ✇✐t❤ ♦♥❡ ✱ t♦ ✐♥q✉✐r❡ ✇✐t❤ ❛♥♦t❤❡r ✳
✺
❬◆❛rr❛t♦r✿❪
✸✳ ❍❡ ❧♦♦❦❡❞ ❛t ❣♦✐♥❣✲❛✇❛② ♠♦t❤❡r✱
✏♥♦✱ ■ ❛♠ ♥♦t ❢♦❧❧♦✇✐♥❣❀ ♥♦✇ ■ s❤❛❧❧ s❡❡❦ ❬Soma❪✑✳
■♥ t❤❡ ❤♦✉s❡ ♦❢ Tvas..t.r Indra ❞r❛♥❦ Soma
t❤❛t ✇❛s ✇♦rt❤ ❛ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ❬❣✉❧♣s❪ ♦❢ ❬♠✐❧❦❪
❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ✐♥ t❤❡ t✇♦ ❜♦✇❧s ✳
✻
✖✖
✹✳ ❲❤❛t ✇♦✉❧❞ ❤❡✱ ✇❤♦♠ s❤❡ ❝❛rr✐❡❞ ❛ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞ ♠♦♦♥s
❛♥❞ ♠❛♥② ❛✉t✉♠♥s✱ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❧✐s❤ s✐♥❣❧② ✖
❢♦r s✉r❡❧② t❤❡r❡ ✐s ♥♦ ✇❡❧❧✲♠❛t❝❤❡❞ ♦♣♣♦♥❡♥t ❢♦r ❤✐♠
❛♠♦♥❣st t❤♦s❡ ❜♦r♥ ❛♥❞ ❬t❤♦s❡❪ ✇❤♦ ❛r❡ ②❡t t♦ ❜❡ ❜♦r♥✦
✺✳ ❚❤❡ ♠♦t❤❡r✱ ❝♦♥s✐❞❡r✐♥❣ ❡♥❞♦✇❡❞ ✇✐t❤ ✈❛❧♦r Indra
✼
❛s s♦♠❡t❤✐♥❣ s❤❛♠❡❢✉❧ ✱ ❤✐❞ ❬❤✐♠❪✱
❜✉t ❤❡ st♦♦❞ ✉♣ ♦♥ ❤✐s ♦✇♥✱ ✇❡❛r✐♥❣ ❛r♠♦r❀
❜❡✐♥❣ ❜♦r♥✱ ❤❡ ✜❧❧❡❞ t❤❡ t✇♦ Rodas✲❡s✳
✖✖
❬❚❤❡ ❊❛rt❤✿❪
✻✳ ❚❤❡s❡ ✢♦✇ q✉✐❝❦❧②✱ ❜❡❝♦♠✐♥❣ s❝r❛♠❜❧❡❞
❛s ✐❢ ❢✉❧❧ ♦❢ ❝♦❤❡r❡♥❝❡ ❜✉t ❝r②✐♥❣ ♦✉t t♦❣❡t❤❡r❀
❞♦ q✉❡st✐♦♥ t❤❡♠ ✇❤❛t ✐s t❤❛t t❤❡② ❞❡❝❧❛r❡✱
✇❤❛t ✇❛❧❧✲❧✐❦❡ r♦❝❦ t❤❡ ✇❛t❡rs ❛r❡ ❜r❡❛❦✐♥❣❄

✶ t❤❡ t❤✐r❞ ❢♦♦tst❡♣ ♦❢ Visnu

..
✷ gati
✸ ♣r♦❜✳ ✏❢r♦♠ t❤❡ s❡❝♦♥❞ ❢♦♦tst❡♣ Vis.n
♦❢ . u✑
✹ Vrtra
.
✺ Visnu
..
✻ ❤❡r❡ ✏♠♦t❤❡r✬s ❜r❡❛sts✑
✼ ❜❡❝❛✉s❡ Indra ✐s ❞❡✜❛♥t ❛❣❛✐♥st s♦❝✐❛❧ ♥♦r♠s ❛♥❞ ❝♦❡r❝✐♦♥
✺✺✷

kı́mu .svidasmai nivı́do bhananténdrasyāvadyám .

didhis.anta ā´pah. |
mámaitā´nputró mahatā´ vadhéna
. jaghanvā´m̃
vr.trám . asr.jadvı́ sı́ndhūn || 7 ||

mámaccaná tvā yuvatı́h. parā´sa

mámaccaná tvā kus.ávā jagā´ra |
mámaccidā´pah. śı́śave mamr.d.yur
mámaccidı́ndrah. sáhasódatis..that || 8 ||

mámaccaná te maghavanvyàm . so
nivividhvā´m̃
. ápa hánū jagh ´
ā na |
ádhā nı́viddha úttaro babhūvā´ñ
. pin.agvadhéna || 9 ||
chı́ro dāsásya sám

gr..s.tı́h. sasūva stháviram . tavāgā´m

anādhr..syám vr
. .. s abhám. túmramı́ndram |
árı̄..dham . vatsám. caráthāya mātā´
svayám . gātúm
. tanvà ichámānam || 10 ||

utá mātā´ mahis.ámánvavenad

am´ı̄ tvā jahati putra devā´h. |
áthābravı̄dvr.trámı́ndro hanis.yán
sákhe vis.n.o vitarám . vı́ kramasva || 11 ||

káste mātáram . vidhávāmacakrachayúm .

kástvā´majighām . saccárantam |
káste devó ádhi mārd.ı̄ká āsı̄d
yátprā´ks.in.āh. pitáram
. pādagŕ.hya || 12 ||

ávartyā śúna āntrā´n.i pece

ná devés.u vivide mard.itā´ram |
. jāyā´mámahı̄yamānām
ápaśyam
ádhā me śyenó mádhvā´ jabhāra || 13 ||
 ✺✺✸

✼✳ ❲❤❛t ❜✐ts ♦❢ ❦♥♦✇❧❡❞❣❡ ❞♦ t❤❡② s❤♦✉t ♦✉t t♦ ❤✐♠❄

❚❤❡ ✇❛t❡rs str✐✈❡❞ t♦ s❡t ✉♣ Indra✬s ❞✐s❣r❛❝❡✳
▼② s♦♥✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ s❧❛②❡❞ Vr.tra ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ♠✐❣❤t② ✇❡❛♣♦♥✱
❧❡t t❤❡s❡ r✐✈❡rs ✢♦✇✳
❬■♥♥❡r ✇❛t❡rs✿❪
✽✳ ✏❇❡❝❛✉s❡ ♦❢ ♠❡ t❤❡ ❣✐r❧ ❤❛s ♥♦t ❛❜❛♥❞♦♥❡❞ t❤❡❡✳✑
✏❇❡❝❛✉s❡ ♦❢ ♠❡ Kus.avā ❞✐❞♥✬t s✇❛❧❧♦✇ t❤❡❡✳✑
✏❇❡❝❛✉s❡ ♦❢ ♠❡ t❤❡ ✇❛t❡rs ❜❡❝❛♠❡ ❢❛✈♦r❛❜❧❡ t♦ t❤❡ ❝❤✐❧❞✳✑
✏❇❡❝❛✉s❡ ♦❢ ♠❡ Indra st♦♦❞ ✉♣ ❢♦r❝❡❢✉❧❧② ✳✑
✽
✾✳ ✏❇❡❝❛✉s❡ ♦❢ ♠❡ ❤❡ ✇❤♦ ❤❛s ♥♦ s❤♦✉❧❞❡r✲❜❧❛❞❡s✱
♣✐♥♥✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡❡❪ ❞♦✇♥
❞✐❞♥✬t ✇❛r❞ ♦✛ t❤②✱ ❖ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡✱ ❥❛✇s ✖
t❤❡r❡❢♦r❡✱ ❜❡✐♥❣ ♣✐♥♥❡❞ ❞♦✇♥✱ ❬❜✉t❪ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ s✉♣❡r✐♦r✱
t❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ s❤❛tt❡r ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ❞❡❛❞❧② ✇❡❛♣♦♥
t❤❡ ❤❡❛❞ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❞❡♠♦♥✳✑
✖✖
❬◆❛rr❛t♦r✿❪
✶✵✳ ❚❤❡ ②♦✉♥❣ ❝♦✇ ❤❛s ❜❡❣♦t ❡♥❞✉r✐♥❣✱
❤❛✈✐♥❣ ♣♦✇❡r ♦✈❡r ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s✱
♥♦t t♦ ❜❡ ♠❡❞❞❧❡❞ ✇✐t❤✱ r❡s❡♠❜❧✐♥❣ ❛ ❜✉❧❧✱ str♦♥❣ Indra❀
t❤❡ ♠♦t❤❡r ❬♣r♦❞✉❝❡❞❪ ✉♥❧✐❝❦❡❞ ❝❛❧❢ t♦ r♦❛♠ ❛❜♦✉t ✖
❬❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ✐s❪ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ ❜② ❤✐♠s❡❧❢ ❢♦r ❤✐♠s❡❧❢ ❛♥ ✉♥✐♠♣❡❞❡❞ ✇❛②✳
✶✶✳ ❆♥❞ ❬❤✐s❪ ♠♦t❤❡r ♠♦t✐✈❛t❡❞ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r❢✉❧ ♦♥❡ ❬t❤✉s❪✱
✏t❤❡s❡ deva✲s ❛❜❛♥❞♦♥ t❤❡❡✱ s♦♥✑✳
❚❤❡♥ Indra✱ ✇❤♦ ✇❛s ❛❜♦✉t t♦ s❧❛② Vr.tra✱ s❛✐❞✱
✏❖ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥ Vis. n.u✱ ❞♦ str✐❞❡ ❬t❤❡ st❡♣ t❤❛t ✐s❪
❧❡❛❞✐♥❣ ❢❛rt❤❡r ♦✛ ✦✑
✶✷✳ ❬❚❤❛t Vis.n.u❪ ✇❤♦ ❤❛s ♠❛❞❡ t❤② ♠♦t❤❡r ❛ ✇✐❞♦✇❄
❲❤♦ ✇❛♥t❡❞ t♦ ❜r✐♥❣ t❤❡❡ ❧②✐♥❣ ❞♦✇♥ t♦ ❜❡✐♥❣ ♠♦✈✐♥❣❄
❚❤❛t deva ✇❤♦ ✇❛s ❛❜♦✈❡ ❝♦♠♣❛ss✐♦♥ t♦✇❛r❞s t❤❡❡
✇❤❡♥ t❤♦✉ ✇❡❛r❡❞ ♦✉t ❢❛t❤❡r s❡✐③✐♥❣ ❬❤✐♠❪ ❜② t❤❡ ❢♦♦t ❄
✾
✖✖
✶✸✳ ■♥ ❞✐str❡ss ■ ❤❛✈❡ r♦❛st❡❞ ❡♥tr❛✐❧s ♦❢ ❛ ❞♦❣ ✖
■ ❤❛✈❡ ❢♦✉♥❞ ♥♦ ❝♦♠♣❛ss✐♦♥ ❛♠♦♥❣ deva✲s❀
■ s❛✇ ❬♠②❪ ✇✐❢❡ ❜❡✐♥❣ s❛❞ ✖
t❤❡♥ ❛ ❤❛✇❦ ❜r♦✉❣❤t ❤❡r❡ ❢♦r ♠❡ t❤❡ ❤♦♥❡②
✶✵ ✳

✽ ❧✐t✳ ✏✇✐t❤ ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ ❢♦r❝❡✑

✾ ♣r♦❜✳ ✏❣✐✈✐♥❣ ❝r❛♠♣s ✐♥ t❤❡ ❧❡❢t ❢♦♦t ❛♥❞ ❝❛❧❢ ♠✉s❝❧❡s✑
✶✵ Soma
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✹✳✶✾

Vāmadeva Gautama | Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra

evā´ tvā´mindra vajrinnátra vı́śve

devā´sah. suhávāsa ū´māh. |
mahā´mubhé ródası̄ vr.ddhámr..svám .
nı́rékamı́dvr.n.ate vr.trahátye || 1 ||

ávāsr.janta jı́vrayo ná devā´

bhúvah. samrā´..dindra satyáyonih. |
áhannáhim . pariśáyānamárn.ah.
prá vartan´ı̄rarado viśvádhenāh. || 2 ||

átr.pn.uvantam . vı́yatamabudhyám
ábudhyamānam . sus.upān.ámindra |
saptá práti praváta āśáyānam
áhim . vájren.a vı́ rin.ā aparván || 3 ||

áks.odayachávasā ks.ā´ma budhnám .

vā´rn.á vā´tastávis.ı̄bhirı́ndrah. |
dr...dhā´nyaubhnāduśámāna ójó ′vābhinat
kakúbhah. párvatānām || 4 ||

abhı́ prá dadrurjánayo ná gárbham .

ráthā iva prá yayuh. sākámádrayah. |
átarpayo visŕ.ta ubjá ūrm´ı̄n
. vr.tā´m̃
tvám . arin.ā indra sı́ndhūn || 5 ||

. mah´ı̄mavánim
tvám . viśvádhenām
.
turv´ı̄taye vayyā`ya ks.árantı̄m |
áramayo námasaıjadárn
´ . ah.
sutaran.ā´m̃
. akr.n.orindra sı́ndhūn || 6 ||

prā´grúvo nabhanvò ná vákvā

dhvasrā´ apinvadyuvat´ı̄rr.tajñā´h. |
. apr.n.aktr..sān.ā´m̃
dhánvānyájrām̃ .
ádhogı́ndra staryò dám. supatnı̄h. || 7 ||
 ✺✺✺

✶✳ ❍❡r❡ ❛t t❤✐s t✐♠❡ ✐t ✐s t❤❡❡✱ ❖ ❜❡❛r✐♥❣ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t Indra✱

✇❤♦♠ ❛❧❧ deva✲s ✖ ❧✐st❡♥✐♥❣ ✇✐❧❧✐♥❣❧② ❤❡❧♣❡rs ✖
❬t❤❡❡✱❪ ♠✐❣❤t②✱ ❢✉❧❧❣r♦✇♥✱ ❤❡❧♣✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❞✐r❡ str❛✐❣❤ts✱
❬✇❤♦♠❪ ❜♦t❤ Rodas✲❡s
❝❤♦♦s❡ ♦✉t ❬♦❢ ❛❧❧ deva✲s❪ ❛s t❤❡ ♦♥❧② ♦♥❡ t♦ str✐❦❡ Vr.tra✳
✷✳ ❆s ✐❢ t❤❡② ❛r❡ ❞❡❝r❡♣✐t t❤❡ deva✲s ❛❜❛♥❞♦♥❡❞ ❬t❤❡ ✜❣❤t❪❀
t❤♦✉✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ♦r✐❣✐♥❛t❡❞ ✐♥ ✇❤❛t✬s r❡❛❧✱
❛r❡ ❜❡❝♦♠✐♥❣ ❛ ❥♦✐♥t r✉❧❡r✱ ❖ Indra✱
t❤♦✉ s❧❛②❡❞ t❤❡ s♥❛❦❡ ❧②✐♥❣ ❛r♦✉♥❞ t❤❡ ✢♦♦❞✐♥❣ ✇❛t❡rs✱
t❤♦✉ ❞✉❣ ♦✉t ♥✉rt✉r✐♥❣✲❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣ ❝❤❛♥♥❡❧s✳
✸✳ ❚❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ ✇✐t❤♦✉t ❛ ❞❡❧❛②✱ s❤❛❧❧ s❡✈❡r ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t
t❤❡ ✐♥s❛t✐❛❜❧❡✱ str❡t❝❤❡❞ ♦✉t✱ ❧❛❝❦✐♥❣ ✇❛❦❡❢✉❧♥❡ss✱
s❧❡❡♣✐♥❣✱ ♥♦t✲❜❡✐♥❣✲❛✇❛r❡✱
❧②✐♥❣ ❛❣❛✐♥st s❡✈❡♥ ❞✐r❡❝t❡❞ ❢♦r✇❛r❞s ❬✇❛t❡rs❪ s♥❛❦❡✳
✖✖
✹✳ ❲✐t❤ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡ ❤❡ ❛❣✐t❛t❡❞ t❤❡ ❞❡❡♣ ❜❛s❡
❧✐❦❡ ✇✐♥❞ ❬❛❣✐t❛t❡s❪ st❛❣♥❛♥t ✇❛t❡r❀
✉s✐♥❣ ♣♦✇❡rs t♦ ❝♦♥tr♦❧✱ Indra✱
❝♦♠♠❛♥❞✐♥❣ ❛ ❢r❡♥③②✱ ❞❡str♦②❡❞ str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞s❀
❤❡ ❞✐❞ ♣✐❡r❝❡❞ ♦♣❡♥ t❤❡ s✉♠♠✐ts ♦❢ ❦♥♦tt② ♦♥❡s✳
✶
✺✳ ❖♥❡ ❛❢t❡r ❛♥♦t❤❡r t❤❡② ❜✉rst ❧✐❦❡ ✇♦♠❡♥ ❬❜✉rst ♦✉t❪ ❛ ❝❤✐❧❞✱
❧✐❦❡ ❝❤❛r✐♦ts t❤❡ r♦❝❦s ♠♦✈❡❞ s✐♠✉❧t❛♥❡♦✉s❧②✳
✖✖
❚❤♦✉ ❝❛✉s❡❞ t❤❡ ❞✐✈❡r❣✐♥❣ ✢♦✇s t♦ s❛t✐❛t❡ ❬❛❧❧ ♠✉s❝❧❡s❪✱
✷
t❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ s✉❜❞✉❡ t❤❡ ✇❛✈❡s ✱ ✸
t❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra r❡❧❡❛s❡❞ ♣❡♥t ✉♣ r✐✈❡rs✳
✻✳ ❋♦r Turvı̄ti ❬❛♥❞ ❤✐s❪ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥ t❤♦✉ ❬♠❛❞❡❪
❛ ♠✐❣❤t② ❛❧❧✲♥♦✉r✐s❤✐♥❣ str❡❛♠ ❬t♦ ❜❡❪ ✢♦✇✐♥❣❀
t❤♦✉ r❡✈❡r❡♥t✐❛❧❧② ♠❛❞❡ s❤❛❦✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡♠❪ ✢♦♦❞ t♦ st♦♣❀
t❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ ♠❛❞❡ t❤❡ r✐✈❡rs ❡❛s② t♦ ❜❡ ❝r♦ss❡❞✳
✼✳ ❚❤❡♥ t❤♦✉ s✇❡❧❧❡❞ ✉♥✇❡❞ ❣✐r❧s ❬✇❤♦ ❛r❡❪ ❧✐❦❡ ❜✉❜❜❧✐♥❣ s♣r✐♥❣s
✇❛st✐♥❣ ❛✇❛② ❬✇❤✐❧❡❪ ❛s❝❡rt❛✐♥✐♥❣ .rta✳
✖✖
❍❡ ♣✉t ❞❡s❡rts✱ t❤✐rst✐♥❣ ✜❡❧❞s t♦❣❡t❤❡r ❬✇✐t❤ ✇❛t❡rs❪✳
❬■t ✐s❪ Indra ❬✇❤♦❪ ♠✐❧❦❡❞ ❜❛rr❡♥ ❝♦✇s
❬✇❤♦ t❤✉s ❛r❡❪ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❤✉s❜❛♥❞ ♦❢ ♠❛r✈❡❧♦✉s ♣♦✇❡r✳

✶ ❤❡r❡ ✏s✉♠♠✐t✑❂sahasrāra ❝❛❦r❛

✷ ❜❧♦♦❞ ✈❡ss❡❧s
✸ ❂♠❛❦❡ t❤❡ ♣✉❧s❡ st❛❜❧❡
✺✺✻

pūrv´ı̄rus.ásah. śarádaśca gūrtā´

vr.trám . jaghanvā´m̃
. asr.jadvı́ sı́ndhūn |
páris..thitā atr.n.adbadbadhānā´h.
sı̄rā´ ı́ndrah. srávitave pr.thivyā´ || 8 ||

vamr´ı̄bhih. putrámagrúvo adānám.

nivéśanāddhariva ā´ jabhartha |
vyàndhó akhyadáhimādadānó
nı́rbhūdukhachı́tsámaranta párva || 9 ||

prá te pū´rvān.i káran.āni viprāvidvā´m̃ .

āha vidús.e kárām . si |
yáthāyathā vŕ..sn.yāni svágūrtā´pām
. si
rājannáryā´vives.ı̄h. || 10 ||

nū´ .s.tutá indra nū´ gr.n.āná

. jaritré nadyò ná pı̄peh. |
ı́s.am
ákāri te harivo bráhma návyam .
dhiyā´ syāma rathyàh. sadāsā´h. || 11 ||
 ✺✺✼

✽✳ ❍❡✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ s❧❛②❡❞ Vr.tra✱ ❧❡t r✐✈❡rs✱

t❤r♦✉❣❤ ♠❛♥② ❞❛✇♥s ❛♥❞ ✇❡❧❝♦♠❡❞ ❛✉t✉♠♥s✱ ✢♦✇✳
Indra ❧❡t ♦✉t s✉rr♦✉♥❞❡❞✱ r❡♣❡❛t❡❞❧② r❡♣r❡ss❡❞ r✉♥♥❡❧s
t♦ str❡❛♠ ❢♦rt❤ t❤r♦✉❣❤ t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤✳
✖✖
✾✳ ❚❤♦✉✱ ❖ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞✲❜②✲t❛✇♥②✲♦♥❡s ♦♥❡✱ ❤❛✈❡ ❝❛rr✐❡❞
❡❛t❡♥ ❜② ❢❡♠❛❧❡ ❛♥ts s♦♥ ♦❢ ✉♥✇❡❞ ❣✐r❧ ♦✉t ♦❢ ❬t❤❡✐r❪ ❧❛✐r❀
❛ ❜❧✐♥❞✱ t❛❦✐♥❣ ❤♦❧❞ ♦❢ ✏t❤❡ s♥❛❦❡✑✱ ❧♦♦❦❡❞ ❛r♦✉♥❞❀
✏✇❤❛t s♣❧✐ts t❤❡ ♣♦t✑
✹ ❤❛s ❞✐s❛♣♣❡❛r❡❞ ✖
✺
t❤❡② ❤❛✈❡ ❥♦✐♥❡❞ t♦❣❡t❤❡r t❤❡ ❦♥♦t ✳
✖✖
✶✵✳ ❍❡✱ ✇❤♦ ❦♥♦✇s ✇❡❧❧ t❤② ❢♦r♠❡r ❞❡❡❞s✱ ❖ ✐♥s♣✐r❡❞ ♦♥❡✱
t♦❧❞ ❬❛❜♦✉t t❤❡♠❪ t♦ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ❤❛s ❢♦✉♥❞ ♦✉t ❬t❤❡✐r❪ ❡✛❡❝ts✳
❆s ✐s ✜t✱ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ ❝❤✐❡❢✱ ♣❡r❢♦r♠❡❞
s❡❧❢✲✐♥✈✐t✐♥❣ ♠❛♥❧② ❤❡r♦✐❝ ❛❝ts✳
✶✶✳ ◆♦✇ ♣r❛✐s❡❞✱ ❖ Indra✱ ♥♦✇ ❡①t♦❧❧❡❞✱
❢♦r ❬t❤✐s❪ ♣r❛✐s❡r t❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ s✇❡❧❧ t❤❡ ❧✐❜❛t✐♦♥
❧✐❦❡ ❬t❤♦✉ s✇❡❧❧❡❞❪ r✐✈❡rs✳
❖ ♠❛st❡r ♦❢ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s✱ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥
❛ ♥♦✈❡❧ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥ ✇❛s ♠❛❞❡ ❢♦r t❤❡❡ ✖
♠❛② ✇❡ ❜❡ ❝❤❛r✐♦t❡❡rs ✇❤♦ ❛r❡ ❛❧✇❛②s ❣❛✐♥✐♥❣✦

✹ ❞✐✈✐s✐♦♥ ♦r ❞✐s❛❣r❡❡♠❡♥t ❛♠♦♥❣ ❛❧❧✐❡s

✺ ❛♥ ❛❣r❡❡♠❡♥t
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✹✳✷✵

Vāmadeva Gautama | Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra

ā´ na ı́ndro dūrā´dā´ na āsā´d

abhis..tikŕ.dávase yāsadugráh. |
ójis..thebhirnr.pátirvájrabāhuh.
sam . gé samátsu turván.ih. pr.tanyū´n || 1 ||

ā´ na ı́ndro háribhir

yātváchārvācı̄nó ′vase rā´dhase ca |
tı́s..thāti vajr´ı̄ maghávā virapś´ı̄mám
.
yajñámánu no vā´jasātau || 2 ||

imám. yajñám. tvámasmā´kamindra

puró dádhatsanis.yasi krátum. nah. |
śvaghn´ı̄va vajrinsanáye dhánānām
.
. jayema || 3 ||
tváyā vayámaryá ājı́m

uśánnu .sú n.ah. sumánā upāké

sómasya nú sús.utasya svadhāvah. |
pā´ indra prátibhr.tasya mádhvah.
sámándhasā mamadah. pr..s.thyèna || 4 ||

vı́ yó rarapśá .ŕ.sibhirnávebhir

vr.ks.ó ná pakváh. sŕ.n.yo ná jétā |
máryo ná yós.āmabhı́ mányamānó ′chā
vivakmi puruhūtámı́ndram || 5 ||

girı́rná yáh. svátavām̃

. .r.svá ı́ndrah.
sanā´devá sáhase jātá ugráh. |
ā´dartā vájram. stháviram . ná bhı̄má
udnéva kóśam . vásunā nyr̀..s.tam || 6 ||

ná yásya vartā´ janús.ā nvásti

ná rā´dhasa āmarı̄tā´ maghásya |
udvāvr..sān.ástavis.ı̄va ugrāsmábhyam
.
daddhi puruhūta rāyáh. || 7 ||
 ✺✺✾

✶✳ Indra ✇♦✉❧❞ ❝♦♠❡ t♦ ✉s ❢r♦♠ ❛❢❛r✱ ❢r♦♠ ♥❡❛r❜② ✖

❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s✱ ❡✛❡❝t✐♥❣ ♣r♦t❡❝t✐♦♥ ❛s ❤❡❧♣ ❬t♦ ✉s❪ ✖
❬❤❡✱❪ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲✐♥✲❛r♠s ♦✈❡rs❡❡r ♦❢ ♠❡♥✱ ❬❤❡✱❪
❬✇❤♦❪ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ♠♦st ✜❡r❝❡ ❬✇❛rr✐♦rs❪
❬✐s❪ ♦✈❡r♣♦✇❡r✐♥❣ t❤♦s❡ ❛ss❛✐❧✐♥❣ ❬✉s❪ ✐♥ ❛ ❝♦♥✢✐❝t✱ ✐♥ ❝❧❛s❤❡s✳
✷✳ ▼❛② Indra ❝♦♠❡ t♦ ✉s ❤❡r❡ ✇✐t❤ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s
❢❛✈♦✉r✐♥❣ t♦ ❤❡❧♣ ❬✉s❪ ❛♥❞ t♦ s❛t✐s❢② ❬❤✐s ❞❡s✐r❡ ❢♦r Soma❪
s♦ t❤❛t ❛❢t❡r t❤✐s s❛❝r✐✜❝❡ ❤❡✱ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲✇✐❡❧❞❡r✱
❡①✉❜❡r❛♥t ❬❛♥❞❪ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s✱
✇♦✉❧❞ st❛② ❞✉r✐♥❣ ♦✉r ♦❜t❛✐♥✐♥❣ ♦❢ t❤❡ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✳
✸✳ ❆❝❝❡♣t✐♥❣ t❤✐s ♦✉r s❛❝r✐✜❝❡ ✐♥ ❛❞✈❛♥❝❡✱
t❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ ✇✐❧❧ ♣r♦❝✉r❡ ❢♦r ✉s r❡s♦✉r❝❡❢✉❧♥❡ss✳
❚♦ ❣❛✐♥ t❤❡ st❛❦❡s ❧✐❦❡ ❛ ❣❛♠❜❧❡r ✇✐t❤ ❛ ✇✐♥♥✐♥❣ t❤r♦✇ ♦❢ ❞✐❝❡ ✱ ✶
❬✐t ✐s❪ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ ❜❡❛r❡r ♦❢ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✱
❬t❤❛t❪ ✇❡ ♠✐❣❤t ✇✐♥ t❤❡ ❝♦♥t❡st ♦❢ t❤❡ r✐s✐♥❣ ✉♣✇❛r❞s ♦♥❡ ✳ ✷
✹✳ ❉❡s✐r✐♥❣ ❣r❡❛t❧②✱ ✇❡❧❧✲❞✐s♣♦s❡❞ ✇❤❡♥ ❜❡✐♥❣ ♥❡❛r ✉s✱
♥♦✇ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ s❡❧❢✲❞❡t❡r♠✐♥✐♥❣ ♦♥❡✱ s❤❛❧❧ ❤❛✈❡ ❛ ❞r✐♥❦
♦❢ ✇❡❧❧✲♣r❡ss❡❞ Soma✱ ♦❢ ♦✛❡r❡❞ ❤♦♥❡②✱ ❖ Indra✦
❚❤♦✉ ✇✐❧❧ ❞❡❧✐❣❤t ✐♥ t❤❡ ❤❡r❜
❬t❤❛t ✐s❪ ❝♦♠✐♥❣ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ❜❛s❡ ❬♦❢ ❛ ♠♦✉♥t❛✐♥❪✦
✺✳ ❍✐♠✱ ✇❤♦ ❤❛s ❛s ♠❛♥② ♥❡✇ s❡❡rs
❛s ❛ r✐♣❡ tr❡❡ ✖ ❬❢r✉✐ts❪✱ ❛s ❛ s✐❝❦❧❡✲❧✐❦❡ ❝♦♥q✉❡r♦r ✱ ✸
✇❤♦ ✐s ❧♦♥❣❡❞ ❢♦r ❛s ❛ ②♦✉♥❣ ♠❛♥ ❬❧♦♥❣s❪ ❢♦r ❛ ♠❛✐❞❡♥✱
❬❤✐♠❪ ■ ❡①♣❧✐❝❛t❡ ✖ ♠✉❝❤ ✐♥✈♦❦❡❞ Indra✱
✻✳ ✇❤♦ ❬✐s❪ ❧✐❦❡ ❛ ♠♦✉♥t❛✐♥ ✖ s❡❧❢✲str♦♥❣
❤❡❧♣✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❞✐r❡ str❛✐❣❤ts Indra
✇❤♦✱ ❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s✱ ✐s ❛❧✇❛②s ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❡❞
❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ str❡♥❣t❤✱
❬✇❤♦ ✐s❪ t❡rr✐❢②✐♥❣ ❛s ❤❡✱
✇❤♦ ❢♦r❝❡s ♦♣❡♥ s♦❧✐❞ ✐♠♣❡♥❡tr❛❜❧❡ ❬❢♦rtr❡ss ❪ ✹
✜❧❧❡❞ ✇✐t❤ ❣♦♦❞s ❧✐❦❡ ♣❛✐❧ ✇✐t❤ ✇❛t❡r✱ ✐s✳
✼✳ ❚❤❡r❡ ❝❡rt❛✐♥❧② ✐s ♥♦t❤✐♥❣ t❤❛t ❥✉st ❜② ♥❛t✉r❡ ❦❡❡♣s ❤✐♠ ❜❛❝❦✱
♥♦ ❞❡str♦②❡r ♦❢ t❤❡ r❡✇❛r❞ ♦❢ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❧✐s❤♠❡♥t ♦❢ ❬❤✐s❪ ❞❡s✐r❡✳
❋❡r♦❝✐♦✉s✱ r❛✐♥✐♥❣ ✉♣✇❛r❞s ✱ ❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r ♦❢ ❝♦♥tr♦❧✱
✺
❣r❛♥t ✉s✱ ❖ ♠✉❝❤ ✐♥✈♦❦❡❞ ♦♥❡✱ t❤❡ r✐❝❤❡s✦
✶ ❛ss✉♠✐♥❣ ❛❢t❡r ❬❏❛♠✐s♦♥ ❛♥❞ ❇r❡r❡t♦♥✱ ✷✵✶✹✱ ♣✳ ✷✷✼✱✺✽✾❪ t❤❛t śvaghnin❂✏❛
❣❛♠❜❧❡r ✇✐t❤ ❛ ✇✐♥♥✐♥❣ t❤r♦✇ ♦❢ ❞✐❝❡✑
✷ ✐♥♥❡r Soma
✸ ♠❛②❜❡ ✏♥❡✇ ♠♦♦♥✑
✹ drdha
. ..
✺ ♣r♦❜✳ ✏♣♦✉r✐♥❣ udāna✑
✺✻✵

´ı̄ks.e rāyáh. ks.áyasya cars.an.ı̄nā´m

utá vrajámapavartā´si gónām |
śiks.ānaráh. samithés.u prahā´vān
vásvo rāśı́mabhinetā´si bhū´rim || 8 ||

káyā táchr.n.ve śácyā śácis..tho

yáyā kr.n.óti múhu kā´ cidr..sváh. |
′
purú dāśús.e vı́cayis..tho ám . hó thā
dadhāti drávin.am . jaritré || 9 ||

mā´ no mardhı̄rā´ bharā daddhı́ tánnah.

prá dāśús.e dā´tave bhū´ri yátte |
návye des.n.é śasté asmı́nta ukthé
prá bravāma vayámindra stuvántah. || 10 ||

nū´ .s.tutá indra nū´ gr.n.āná

. jaritré nadyò ná pı̄peh. |
ı́s.am
ákāri te harivo bráhma návyam .
dhiyā´ syāma rathyàh. sadāsā´h. || 11 ||
 ✺✻✶

✽✳ ❚❤♦✉ ❛r❡ t❤❡ ♦✇♥❡r ♦❢ t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡✱ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❛❜♦❞❡ ♦❢ t❤♦s❡

t❤❛t ❞r❛✇ t♦ t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s ✱ ✻
t❤♦✉ ❛r❡ ✇❤♦ ♦♣❡♥s t❤❡ ❡♥❝❧♦s✉r❡ ♦❢ ❝♦✇s❀
❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❛♥ ❛❞✈❛♥t❛❣❡ ✱ ❛ t❡❛❝❤❡r ♦❢ ♠❡♥ ❞✉r✐♥❣ ❝♦♥✢✐❝ts✱
✼
t❤♦✉ ❛r❡ ❣✉✐❞✐♥❣ t♦✇❛r❞s ❢r❡q✉❡♥t ♠✉❧t✐t✉❞❡ ♦❢ tr❡❛s✉r❡s✳
✾✳ ❇② ✇❤❛t ✖ ❛s ✐s ❤❡❛r❞ ✖ ❡♥❛❜❧✐♥❣ ♣♦✇❡r
❬❤❡ ✐s❪ ❜❡st ❛t ❛ss✐st✐♥❣❄
❥✉st ✇❤❛t ❬t❤❛t ♣♦✇❡r ✐s❪ ✇✐t❤ ✇❤✐❝❤ ❤❡✱ ❤❡❧♣✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❞✐r❡ str❛✐❣❤ts✱
❡✛❡❝ts ❬t❤❡ ❛ss✐st❛♥❝❡❪ ✐♥st❛♥t❧②❄
❚♦ ❛ ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡r ❬❤❡ ✐s❪ ♦❢t❡♥ t❤❡ ❜❡st ❛t ❡✛❛❝✐♥❣ ❛♥①✐❡t②✱
❬✇❤♦❪ t❤❡♥ ❣✐✈❡s ❬s♦♠❡❪ s✉❜st❛♥❝❡ t♦ t❤❡ ♣r❛✐s❡r✳
✶✵✳ ❉♦ ♥♦t ♥❡❣❧❡❝t ✉s✱ ❜r✐♥❣ ❤❡r❡✱ ❣✐✈❡ t♦ ✉s t❤❛t
t❤② ❬❛ss✐st❛♥❝❡❪ ✇❤✐❝❤ ❬t❤♦✉ ❛r❡ ✇✐❧❧✐♥❣❪ t♦ ❣r❛♥t ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥t❧②
t♦ ❛ ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡r✦
■♥ t❤✐s ♥❡✇ ❣✐❢t r❡❝✐t❡❞ ✐♥ ❛ ✈❡rs❡✱
✇❡✱ ❡①t♦❧❧✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡❡❪✱ ❖ Indra✱ ✐♥❞✐❝❛t❡ ❬t❤❛t❪ ♦❢ t❤❡❡✳
✶✶✳ ◆♦✇ ♣r❛✐s❡❞✱ ❖ Indra✱ ♥♦✇ ❡①t♦❧❧❡❞✱
❢♦r ❬t❤✐s❪ ♣r❛✐s❡r t❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ s✇❡❧❧ t❤❡ ❧✐❜❛t✐♦♥
❧✐❦❡ ❬t❤♦✉ s✇❡❧❧❡❞❪ r✐✈❡rs✳
❖ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞✲❜②✲t❛✇♥②✲♦♥❡s ♦♥❡✱ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥
❛ ♥♦✈❡❧ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥ ✇❛s ♠❛❞❡ ❢♦r t❤❡❡ ✖
♠❛② ✇❡ ❜❡ ❝❤❛r✐♦t❡❡rs ✇❤♦ ❛r❡ ❛❧✇❛②s ❣❛✐♥✐♥❣✦

✻ t❤❡ s❡♥s❡s
✼ ♦r✱ ✏❛ ❣♦♦❞ t❤r♦✇ ❛t ❞✐❝❡✑
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✹✳✷✶

Vāmadeva Gautama | Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra

ā´ yātvı́ndró ′vasa úpa na

ihá stutáh. sadhamā´dastu śū´rah. |
vāvr.dhānástávis.ı̄ryásya pūrv´ı̄r
dyaurná
´ ks.atrámabhı́bhūti pús.yāt || 1 ||

tásyédihá stavatha vŕ..sn.yāni

tuvidyumnásya tuvirā´dhaso n.´r̄n |
yásya kráturvidathyò ná samrā´.t
sāhvā´ntárutro abhyásti kr..s.t´ı̄h. || 2 ||

ā´ yātvı́ndro divá ā´ pr.thivyā´

maks.ū´ samudrā´dutá vā púrı̄s.āt |
svàrn.arādávase no marútvān
parāváto vā sádanādr.tásya || 3 ||

sthūrásya rāyó br.ható yá ´ı̄śe

támu .s.tavāma vidáthes.vı́ndram |
yó vāyúnā jáyati gómatı̄s.u
prá dhr..sn.uyā´ náyati vásyo ácha || 4 ||

úpa yó námo námasi stabhāyánnı́yarti

vā´cam
. janáyanyájadhyai |
r.ñjasānáh. puruvā´ra ukthaır´
éndram kr
. .. n vı̄ta . hótā || 5 ||
sádanes u

dhis.ā´ yádi dhis.an.yántah. saran.yā´n

sádanto ádrimauśijásya góhe |
ā´ durós.āh. pāstyásya hótā
yó no mahā´nsam . váran.es.u váhnih. || 6 ||
 ✺✻✸

✶✳ ▼❛② Indra ❥♦✉r♥❡② ♥❡❛r❡r ✉s t♦ ❤❡❧♣✦

▼❛② t❤❡ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱ ❜❡✐♥❣ ♣r❛✐s❡❞ ❤❡r❡✱
❜❡ ❬♦✉r❪ ❞r✐♥❦✐♥❣ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥✱
s♦ t❤❛t ❤❡✱ ✇❤♦ ❧✐❦❡ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ❤❛s str❡♥❣t❤❡♥❡❞ ❤✐s✶
♠❛♥② ♣♦✇❡rs t♦ ❝♦♥tr♦❧✱
♠✐❣❤t ♥♦✉r✐s❤ ❬❤✐s❪ ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ s✉♣r❡♠❛❝②✳
✷✳ ❨❡ ♣r❛✐s❡ ❤❡r❡ ♠❛♥❧② ❬❞❡❡❞s❪ ♦❢ ♦♥❧② ❤✐♠
✇❤♦ ❤❛s ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥t ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❡♥❧✐❣❤t❡♥
❤❛✈✐♥❣✲❛❜✉♥❞❛♥t✲❣✐❢ts ♠❡♥✱
❬♦❢ ❤✐♠❪ ✇❤♦s❡ r❡s♦✉r❝❡❢✉❧♥❡ss ✖
❧✐❦❡ ✜t✲t♦✲t❡❛❝❤ ❥♦✐♥t r✉❧❡r ✖
❤❛✈✐♥❣ ♣r❡✈❛✐❧❡❞✱ ❝❛rr②✐♥❣ ❛❝r♦ss ❬♦❜st❛❝❧❡s❪✱
r✉❧❡s ♦✈❡r t❤❡ tr✐❜❡s✳
✸✳ ▼❛② Indra ❥♦✉r♥❡② ❤❡r❡ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥✱ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤ ✖
q✉✐❝❦❧②✱ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ s❡❛✱ ♦r ❡✈❡♥ ❢r♦♠ Purı̄s.a✷ ✱
❢r♦♠ Svarn.ara✸ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② Marut✲s
✐♥ ♦r❞❡r t♦ ❤❡❧♣ ✉s✱
♦r ❢r♦♠ ❛❢❛r ✖ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ s❡❛t ♦❢ .rta✦
✹✳ ❲❤♦ ❝♦♠♠❛♥❞s s✉❜st❛♥t✐❛❧ ✈❛st tr❡❛s✉r❡ ✖
❤✐♠ ✇❡ s❤❛❧❧ ♣r❛✐s❡ ❞✉r✐♥❣ ❦♥♦✇❧❡❞❣❡✲s❤❛r✐♥❣ s❡ss✐♦♥s ✖ Indra✱
✇❤♦ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ Vāyu ✐s t❤❡ ✇✐♥♥❡r
❞✉r✐♥❣ r✐❝❤ ✐♥ ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s✹ ❬❧✐❜❛t✐♦♥s❪
❬❛♥❞❪ t❤❡♥ ❞❛r✐♥❣❧② ❧❡❛❞s t♦✇❛r❞s ✇❤❛t ✐s ❜❡tt❡r✳
✺✳ ❲❤♦ ❝❛✉s❡s ♦♥❡ t♦ s✉st❛✐♥ r❡✈❡r❡♥❝❡
❞✉r✐♥❣ ❬❛♥ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥ ♦❢❪ r❡✈❡r❡♥❝❡✱
❬❛♥❞❪ r♦✉s❡s s♣❡❡❝❤ ❡♥❣❡♥❞❡r✐♥❣ ❬✐t❪ ❢♦r ♠❛❦✐♥❣ ❛ ✜r❡ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣✱
❤❡✱ t❤❡ ✐♥✈♦❦❡r✺ ✱ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ❬s♦♠❡❪ ✈❡rs❡s
❝♦✉❧❞ ❜r✐♥❣ Indra t♦ ❬t❤❡s❡❪ s❡❛ts✳
✻✳ ■❢ t❤♦s❡ ✇❤♦ ❛r❡ s✐tt✐♥❣ ♦♥ ❛ st♦♥❡
✐♥ ❛ ❤✐❞✐♥❣✲♣❧❛❝❡ ♦❢ s♦♠❡♦♥❡ str✐✈✐♥❣ ❡❛r♥❡st❧②✱
t❤♦s❡✱ ✇❤♦ ❛r❡ ♠❛❦✐♥❣ ❡✛♦rt t♦ ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❡✱
✇❡r❡ t♦ ❤❛st❡♥ ③❡❛❧♦✉s❧②✱
❬t❤❡♥❪ ❞✐✣❝✉❧t✕t♦✕❡♥❡r❣✐③❡ ❞♦♠❡st✐❝ ✐♥✈♦❦❡r✱
✇❤♦ ✐♥ s❛♥❝t✉❛r✐❡s ❬✐s❪ ❢♦r ✉s
❛♥ ✐♠♣♦rt❛♥t ❞r❛✉❣❤t ❤♦rs❡✱ ❬❝♦✉❧❞ ❜r✐♥❣ t♦ t❤❡♠ Indra❪✳

✶ Indra✬s
✷ ♣r♦❜✳ mūlādhāra ❝❛❦r❛
✸ ♣r♦❜✳ ājñā ❝❛❦r❛
✹ ❧✐t✳ ✏❝♦✇s✑
✺ Agni
✺✻✹

satrā´ yádı̄m . bhārvarásya vŕ..sn.ah.

sı́s.akti śús.ma stuvaté bhárāya |
gúhā yádı̄mauśijásya góhe
prá yáddhiyé prā´yase mádāya || 7 ||

vı́ yádvárām . si párvatasya vr.n.vé

páyobhirjinvé apā´m . si |
. jávām
vidádgaurásya gavayásya góhe
yádı̄ vā´jāya sudhyò váhanti || 8 ||

bhadrā´ te hástā súkr.totá pān.´ı̄

prayantā´rā stuvaté rā´dha indra |
kā´ te nı́s.attih. kı́mu nó mamatsi
kı́m. nódudu hars.ase dā´tavā´ u || 9 ||

evā´ vásva ı́ndrah. satyáh. samrā´d.d.hántā

. várivah. pūráve kah. |
vr.trám
púrus..tuta krátvā nah. śagdhi rāyó
bhaks.ı̄yá té ′vaso dáıvyasya || 10 ||

nū´ .s.tutá indra nū´ gr.n.āná

. jaritré nadyò ná pı̄peh. |
ı́s.am
ákāri te harivo bráhma návyam .
dhiyā´ syāma rathyàh. sadāsā´h. || 11 ||
 ✺✻✺

✼✳ ❬❖♥❡ ❜r✐♥❣s ❤✐♠❪ ❛❧✇❛②s

✇❤❡♥ t❤❡ ❢❡r✈♦r ♦❢ t❤❡ ♠♦st r❛❞✐❛♥t ❜✉❧❧
❤❡❧♣s t❤❡ ♣r❛✐s❡r t♦ ❬❡♥t❡r❪ ❛ ❝♦♥t❡st❀
❬♦♥❡ ❜r✐♥❣s ❤✐♠❪ ✇❤❡♥ ✐♥ ❛ ❝❛✈❡✱
✐♥ ❛ ❤✐❞✐♥❣✲♣❧❛❝❡ ♦❢ s♦♠❡♦♥❡ str✐✈✐♥❣ ❡❛r♥❡st❧②✱
s♦ ❛s ❬t♦ ♣r♦❝❡❡❞❪ t♦ ❛ ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥✱
t♦ ♣r♦❝❡❡❞ t♦ ❛♥ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t✐♦♥✳
✽✳ ❬❖♥❡ ❜r✐♥❣s ❤✐♠❪
✇❤❡♥ ♦♥❡ ✉♥❝♦✈❡rs t❤❡ s♣❛❝❡s ♦❢ t❤❡ ❦♥♦tt② ♦♥❡
❬❛♥❞❪ ✇✐t❤ ❥✉✐❝❡s ❬♦❢ Soma❪ ✉r❣❡s ♦♥
❢❛st str❡❛♠s ♦❢ ❬✐♥♥❡r❪ ✇❛t❡rs❀
✐❢ t❤♦s❡ ✇❤♦ ❤❛✈❡ r✐❣❤t ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥ ❝♦♥❞✉❝t ❬t❤❛t ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥❪
❢♦r s❛❦❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r
❬t❤❡♥❪ ♦♥❡ s❤❛❧❧ ✜♥❞ ❬❤✐♠❪
✐♥ t❤❡ ❤✐❞✐♥❣ ♣❧❛❝❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ s❤✐♥✐♥❣ ✇✐❧❞ ❛ss✭❄✮✳
✾✳ Hastā ❛st❡r✐s♠ ✐s ❛✉s♣✐❝✐♦✉s ❢♦r t❤❡❡✱ ❡✈❡♥ ❞♦✐♥❣✲❣♦♦❞ ❤❛♥❞s
✻
❛r❡ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣ t♦ t❤❡ ♣r❛✐s❡r s❛t✐s❢❛❝t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❤✐s ❞❡s✐r❡✱ ❖ Indra✦
❲❤❛t t❤② r❡st✐♥❣ ❬✐s ❛❧❧ ❛❜♦✉t❪❄ ❲❤② t❤♦✉ ❞♦ ♥♦t r❡❥♦✐❝❡❄
❲❤② t❤♦✉ ❛r❡ ♥♦t ❡①❝✐t❡❞ t♦ ❣✐✈❡❄
✶✵✳ ■♥❞❡❡❞✱ Indra ✐s t❤❡ tr✉❡ ❥♦✐♥t r✉❧❡r ♦❢ ✇❤❛t ✐s ❣♦♦❞❀
❚❤♦✉✱ s❧❛②✐♥❣ Vr.tra✱ s❤❛❧❧ ❝r❡❛t❡ ♠❡♥t❛❧ s♣❛❝❡ ❢♦r ❛ ♠❛♥❀
❖ ♠✉❝❤✲❡✉❧♦❣✐③❡❞ ♦♥❡✱ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❬t❤②❪ r❡s♦✉r❝❡❢✉❧♥❡ss
❜❡ ❢♦r ✉s ♣♦t❡♥t✱
s♦ t❤❛t ■ ♠❛② ❤❛✈❡ ❛ s❤❛r❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡ ✖
♦❢ t❤② ❞✐✈✐♥❡ ❛ss✐st❛♥❝❡✦
✶✶✳ ◆♦✇ ♣r❛✐s❡❞✱ ❖ Indra✱ ♥♦✇ ❡①t♦❧❧❡❞✱
❢♦r ❬t❤✐s❪ ♣r❛✐s❡r t❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ s✇❡❧❧ t❤❡ ❧✐❜❛t✐♦♥
❧✐❦❡ ❬t❤♦✉ s✇❡❧❧❡❞❪ r✐✈❡rs✳
❖ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞✲❜②✲t❛✇♥②✲♦♥❡s ♦♥❡✱ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥
❛ ♥♦✈❡❧ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥ ✇❛s ♠❛❞❡ ❢♦r t❤❡❡ ✖
♠❛② ✇❡ ❜❡ ❝❤❛r✐♦t❡❡rs ✇❤♦ ❛r❡ ❛❧✇❛②s ❣❛✐♥✐♥❣✦

✻ ▲✐t✳ ✏t✇♦ ❤❛♥❞s✑✳ ■♥ s♦♠❡ tr❛❞✐t✐♦♥s ❛ ♣❡rs♦♥✱ ✐♥ ✇❤♦s❡ ❝✐r❝✉♠st❛♥❝❡s ♦❢

❜✐rt❤ Hastā ❛st❡r✐s♠ ✐s ♣r♦♠✐♥❡♥t✱ ✐s t❤♦✉❣❤t t♦ ❜❡ ♣r❡❞✐s♣♦s❡❞ t♦ ❝♦♥tr♦❧
❛♥❞ t♦ ❝♦♠♠❛♥❞✳
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✹✳✷✷

Vāmadeva Gautama | Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra

yánna ı́ndro jujus.é yácca vás..ti

tánno mahā´nkarati śus.myā´ cit |
bráhma stómam . maghávā sómamukthā´
yó áśmānam
. śávasā bı́bhradéti || 1 ||

vŕ..sā vŕ..sandhim. cáturaśrimásyannugró

bāhúbhyām . . tamah. śácı̄vān |
nŕ
śriyé párus.n.ı̄mus.ámān.a ū´rn.ām
.
yásyāh. párvān.i sakhyā´ya vivyé || 2 ||

yó devó devátamo jā´yamāno

mahó vā´jebhirmahádbhiśca śús.maih. |
dádhāno vájram. bāhvóruśántam.
dyā´mámena rejayatprá bhū´ma || 3 ||

vı́śvā ródhām . si pravátaśca pūrv´ı̄r

´ . .svā´jjánimanrejata ks.ā´h. |
dyaurr
ā´ mātárā bhárati śus.myā´ gór
nr.vátpárijmannonuvanta vā´tāh. || 4 ||

tā´ tū´ ta indra maható mahā´ni

vı́śves.vı́tsávanes.u pravā´cyā |
yáchūra dhr..sn.o dhr..satā´ dadhr..svā´n
áhim . vájren.a śávasā´vives.ı̄h. || 5 ||

tā´ tū´ te satyā´ tuvinr.mn.a vı́śvā

prá dhenávah. sisrate vŕ..sn.a ū´dhnah. |
ádhā ha tvádvr..saman.o bhiyānā´h.
prá sı́ndhavo jávasā cakramanta || 6 ||
 ✺✻✼

✶✳ ❲❤❛t ♦❢ ✉s Indra ❤❛s ❡♥❥♦②❡❞ ❛♥❞ ✇❤❛t ❤❡ ❞❡s✐r❡s ❬♥♦✇❪

t❤❛t ♦❢ ✉s t❤❡ ❡①❛❧t✐♥❣✱ ✜❡r② ♦♥❡✶ ♣r❡♣❛r❡s r✐❣❤t ❤❡r❡✳
❚❤❡ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡✱ ✇❤♦ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡
❦❡❡♣s ❜❛❧❛♥❝✐♥❣ t❤❡ st♦♥❡✱
❬♣r❡♣❛r❡s❪ ❛ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥✱ ❛ ❤②♠♥ ♦❢ ♣r❛✐s❡✱ Soma✱
t♦✲❜❡✲r❡❝✐t❡❞ ✈❡rs❡s✳
✷✳ ❚❤❡ ❜✉❧❧✱ t❤r♦✇✐♥❣ ❢♦✉r✲❡❞❣❡❞ ❤♦❧❞❡r✲♦❢✲❛✲❜✉❧❧✷ ❬♦♥ ❤✐s ❜♦❞②❪✱
❬✐s❪ ❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s ✇✐t❤ ❬❤✐s❪ ❛r♠s✱ ♠♦st ♠❛♥❧②✱
❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② ❡♥❛❜❧✐♥❣ ♣♦✇❡rs❀
❢♦r s✉❝❝❡ss ❬✐♥ t❤❡ ❜❛tt❧❡❪ ✇❡❛r✐♥❣ ♣❧❛t❡✴s❝❛❧❡ ❛r♠♦✉r✱
✇♦♦❧❡♥ ✉♥❞❡r❧❛②❡r✸ ✱ s❡❝t✐♦♥s ♦❢ ✇❤✐❝❤
❤❡ ❤❛s ✇r❛♣♣❡❞ ❬❛r♦✉♥❞ ❤✐♠s❡❧❢❪ ❢♦r ❬t❤❡♠❪ t♦ ❛ss✐st ❬❡❛❝❤ ♦t❤❡r❪✳
✸✳ ❚❤❡ deva✱ ✇❤♦✱ ❜❡✐♥❣ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❡❞ ❛s t❤❡ ♠♦st ❞✐✈✐♥❡✱ ❬✐s❪ ♠✐❣❤t②
❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ r✉s❤❡s ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r ❛♥❞ ♦❢ ❡①❛❧t✐♥❣ ✜ts ♦❢ ❢❡r✈♦r✱
❤❡✱ ♣✉tt✐♥❣ ❡❛❣❡r t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t ✐♥t♦ ❛r♠s✱
❜② t❤❡ ❢♦r❝❡❢✉❧♥❡ss ❬♦❢ ✐t❪ s❤❛❧❧ ♠❛❦❡ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ s❤❛❦❡ t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤✳
✹✳ ❆❧❧ ♦❜str✉❝t✐♦♥s ❛♥❞ ♠❛♥② s♠♦♦t❤ ♣❛t❤✇❛②s✱
t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥✱ t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤ s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡ s❤❛❦✐♥❣
❛t t❤❡ ❜✐rt❤ ❬♦❢ ❛❣✐t❛t✐♦♥✹ ❪ ❢r♦♠ ❤❡❧♣✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❞✐r❡ str❛✐❣❤ts ♦♥❡✳
❇❡❝❛✉s❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❝♦✇✺ t❤❡ ✜❡r② ♦♥❡✻ ❜r✐♥❣s ❤❡r❡ t❤❡ t✇♦ ♠♦t❤❡rs✱
s♦ t❤❛t t❤❡ ✇✐♥❞s✼ ✱ ❧✐❦❡ ♠❡♥✱ ✇♦✉❧❞ ✜♥❞ t❤❡✐r ✇❛②
✐♥ t❤❡ ♠♦✈✐♥❣ ❛r♦✉♥❞ ♦♥❡✳
✺✳ ❚❤❡s❡ ♦❢ t❤❡❡✱ ♦❢ ❡①❛❧t✐♥❣ ♦♥❡✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❣r❡❛t ❬❞❡❡❞s❪
❛r❡ t♦ ❜❡ ♣r♦❝❧❛✐♠❡❞ ❛❧♦✉❞ ❞✉r✐♥❣ ✐♥❞❡❡❞ ❛❧❧ ♣r❡ss✐♥❣s
t❤❛t t❤♦✉✱ ❖ ❞❛r✐♥❣ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱ ❞❛r✐♥❣ ❝♦✉r❛❣❡♦✉s❧②✱
✇✐t❤ t❤❡ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✱
✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡ s✉❜❞✉❡❞ t❤❡ s♥❛❦❡✳
✻✳ ❚❤❡s❡ t❤② ❬❞❡❡❞s❪✱ ❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ♠✉❝❤ ❝♦✉r❛❣❡ ♦♥❡✱
❬❛r❡❪ ❛❧❧ r❡❛❧❀
②✐❡❧❞✐♥❣ ♠✐❧❦ ❬✇❛t❡rs❪ ✢♦✇ ❢♦rt❤ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ❜r❡❛sts ♦❢ t❤❡ ❜✉❧❧✱
❛♥❞✱ ♦❢ ❝♦✉rs❡✱ ❜❡✐♥❣ ❛❢r❛✐❞ ♦❢ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ ❤❡❛❞str♦♥❣ ♦♥❡✱
r✐✈❡rs ❤❛✈❡ s❡t ♦✉t ❛t s♣❡❡❞✳

✶ Agni
✷ ♠❛② ❜❡ s♦♠❡ ❦✐♥❞ ♦❢ s❤✐❡❧❞ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❢♦✉r ❡❞❣❡s ♦r ❝♦♥s✐st✐♥❣ ♦❢ ❢♦✉r ♣❧❛t❡s
✠
❝✉✐r❛ss s✐♠✐❧❛r t♦ ❧❛t❡r P❡rs✐❛♥ ❈❤❛❤✠❛r✲❆②♥❡❤ ♦r ❈❤❛r✲❆✐♥❛
✸ ♣r♦❜✳ s✐♠✐❧❛r t♦ ❛ ❣❛♠❜❡s♦♥
✹ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✹✳✶✼✳✷❛
✺ ❤❡r❡ ❂ ✏s♣❡❡❝❤✑
✻ Agni
✼ ✈✐t❛❧ ❛✐rs
✺✻✽

átrā´ha te harivastā´ u dev´ı̄r

ávobhirindra stavanta svásārah. |
yátsı̄mánu prá mucó badbadhānā´
dı̄rghā´mánu prásitim. syandayádhyai || 7 ||

pipı̄..dé am. śúrmádyo ná sı́ndhur

ā´ tvā śámı̄ śaśamānásya śaktı́h. |
asmadryàkchuśucānásya yamyā
āśúrná raśmı́m . tuvyójasam . góh. || 8 ||

asmé várs.is..thā kr.n.uhi jyés..thā

nr.mn.ā´ni satrā´ sahure sáhām . si |
asmábhyam . . vr tr ´
ā suhánāni randhi
jahı́ vádharvanús.o mártyasya || 9 ||

asmā´kamı́tsú śr.n.uhi tvámindrāsmábhyam .

citrā´m̃
. úpa māhi vā´jān |
asmábhyam . vı́śvā is.an.ah. púram
. dhı̄r
asmā´kam . sú maghavanbodhi god ā´h. || 10 ||

nū´ .s.tutá indra nū´ gr.n.āná

. jaritré nadyò ná pı̄peh. |
ı́s.am
ákāri te harivo bráhma návyam .
dhiyā´ syāma rathyàh. sadāsā´h. || 11 ||
 ✺✻✾

✼✳ ❈❡rt❛✐♥❧② ❛t t❤❛t t✐♠❡✱ ✇✐t❤ ❢❛✈♦✉rs t♦ t❤❡❡✱

❖ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞✲❜②✲t❛✇♥②✲♦♥❡s ♦♥❡✱
t❤❡s❡ ✈❡r② devı̄✲s✱ s✐st❡rs✱ s❤❛❧❧ ♣r❛✐s❡ ❬t❤❡❡❪✱ ❖ Indra✱
✇❤❡♥ t❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ s❡t t❤❡♠ ♦♥❡ ❛❢t❡r ❛♥♦t❤❡r✱
❬t❤❡♠✱❪ r❡♣❡❛t❡❞❧② r❡♣r❡ss❡❞✱ ❢r❡❡
❛❢t❡r ♣r♦tr❛❝t❡❞ ♦♥✇❛r❞ r✉s❤ t♦ ✢♦✇✳
✽✳ ❚❤❡ st❛❧❦✱ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t✐♥❣ ❧✐❦❡ Sindhu✱ ❤❛s ❜❡❡♥ sq✉❡❡③❡❞❀
♠❛② t❤❡ ❡✛♦rt ♦❢ ❡①❡rt✐♥❣ ❤✐♠s❡❧❢ ❬♣r✐❡st❪✱
t❤❡ ❡♥❡r❣② ♦❢ ❜❧❛③✐♥❣ t✉r♥✐♥❣ ❬♦❜st❛❝❧❡s❪ ❛✇❛② ❢r♦♠ ✉s ❬✜r❡❪
✇✐❡❧❞ ✖ ❜❡❝❛✉s❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❝♦✇ ✖ ✽
t❤❡ ♦♥❡ ✇✐t❤ ❛♥ ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥t ✈✐❣♦✉r
✾
❧✐❦❡ ❛ q✉✐❝❦ ♦♥❡ ❬r❛✐s❡s❪ ❛ r❛② ♦❢ ❧✐❣❤t✳
✶✵
✾✳ ▼❛❦❡ ❢♦r ✉s t❤❡ ♠♦st ❡①❝❡❧❧❡♥t✱ ❖ ✈✐❝t♦r✐♦✉s ♦♥❡✱
❛❧✇❛②s ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ ♠❛♥❧② ♣♦✇❡rs ♠♦st ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥t✦
❈❛❧♠ ❞♦✇♥ ❡❛s②✲t♦✲r❡♣r❡ss ❛♥①✐❡t✐❡s ✱✶✶
str✐❦❡ ♦✛ t❤❡ ❞❡❛❞❧② ✇❡❛♣♦♥ ♦❢ ❡❛❣❡r t♦ ❛tt❛❝❦ ♠♦rt❛❧✦
✶✵✳ ❚❤♦✉ ❜❡ ✇✐❧❧✐♥❣ t♦ ❧✐st❡♥ t♦ ✉s✱ ❖ Indra✦
❉♦ ❛♣♣♦rt✐♦♥ t♦ ✉s ❞✐st✐♥❣✉✐s❤❡❞ r✉s❤❡s ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱
t♦ ✉s s❡♥❞ ❡✈❡r② ❜❡❛r✐♥❣ ❢✉❧❧♥❡ss ❬str❡❛♠❪✦
❚❤♦✉ ❞♦ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ✇✐❧❧✐♥❣ t♦ ❜❡ ♦✉r ❣✐✈❡r ♦❢ ❝♦✇s✱ ❖ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡✦
✶✶✳ ◆♦✇ ♣r❛✐s❡❞✱ ❖ Indra✱ ♥♦✇ ❡①t♦❧❧❡❞✱
❢♦r ❬t❤✐s❪ ♣r❛✐s❡r t❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ s✇❡❧❧ t❤❡ ❧✐❜❛t✐♦♥
❧✐❦❡ ❬t❤♦✉ s✇❡❧❧❡❞❪ r✐✈❡rs✳
❖ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞✲❜②✲t❛✇♥②✲♦♥❡s ♦♥❡✱ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥
❛ ♥♦✈❡❧ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥ ✇❛s ♠❛❞❡ ❢♦r t❤❡❡ ✖
♠❛② ✇❡ ❜❡ ❝❤❛r✐♦t❡❡rs ✇❤♦ ❛r❡ ❛❧✇❛②s ❣❛✐♥✐♥❣✦

✽ ❤❡r❡ ❂ ✏s♣❡❡❝❤✑
✾ Indra
✶✵ Agni
✶✶ ❧✐t✳ ✏♦❜st❛❝❧❡s✑ ✖ vrtra✲s
.
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✹✳✷✸

Vāmadeva Gautama | Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra

kathā´ mahā´mavr.dhatkásya hótur

yajñám. jus.ān.ó abhı́ sómamū´dhah. |
pı́bannuśānó jus.ámān.o ándho
vavaks.á .r.sváh. śucaté dhánāya || 1 ||

kó asya vı̄ráh. sadhamā´damāpa

sámānam . śa sumatı́bhih. kó asya |
kádasya citrám . cikite kádūt´ı̄
vr.dhé bhuvachaśamānásya yájyoh. || 2 ||

kathā´ śr.n.oti hūyámānamı́ndrah.

kathā´ śr.n.vánnávasāmasya veda |
kā´ asya pūrv´ı̄rúpamātayo ha
katháınamāhuh. pápurim . jaritré || 3 ||

kathā´ sabā´dhah. śaśamānó asya

náśadabhı́ drávin.am . d´ı̄dhyānah. |
devó bhuvannávedā ma .rtā´nām .
námo jagr.bhvā´m̃. abhı́ yájjújos.at || 4 ||

kathā´ kádasyā´ us.áso vyùs..tau

devó mártasya sakhyám . jujos.a |
kathā´ kádasya sakhyám . sákhibhyo
yé asminkā´mam . suyújam. tatasré || 5 ||

kı́mā´dámatram . sakhyám
. sákhibhyah.
kadā´ nú te bhrātrám . prá bravāma |
śriyé sudŕ.śo vápurasya sárgāh.
svàrn.á citrátamamis.a ā´ góh. || 6 ||
 ✺✼✶

✶✳ ❍♦✇ ✐t str❡♥❣t❤❡♥❡❞ t❤❡ ♠✐❣❤t② ♦♥❡❄ ❙❛❝r✐✜❝❡ ♦❢ ✇❤✐❝❤ ✐♥✈♦❦❡r

❬❤❡❪ ❤❛s ❢r❡q✉❡♥t❡❞ ❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ Soma ✉❞❞❡r❄
❉r✐♥❦✐♥❣✱ ❞❡s✐r✐♥❣✱ ❡♥❥♦②✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❤❡r❜✱
❤❡ ❤❛s ❣r♦✇♥✱
❬❤❡✱❪ ❤❡❧♣✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❞✐r❡ str❛✐❣❤ts t♦ t❤❡ s❤✐♥✐♥❣ ♣r✐③❡✳
✷✳ ❲❤✐❝❤ ❤❡r♦ ♦❢ ❤✐♠ ❤❛s ♠❡t ❬❤✐♠ ❛s ❛❪ ❞r✐♥❦✐♥❣ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥❄
❲❤✐❝❤ ❬❤❡r♦❪ ♦❢ ❤✐♠ ♦❜t❛✐♥❡❞ ❬❤✐♠❪
t❤r♦✉❣❤ ❡✛❡❝t✐✈❡ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❣❡st✉r❡s❄
❲❤❛t ❝♦♥s♣✐❝✉♦✉s ❬❛♣♣❡❛r❛♥❝❡ ❪ ♦❢ ❤✐♠ ✇❛s ♦❜s❡r✈❡❞❄
✶
❲❤❛t ♦❢ ❡①❡rt✐♥❣ ❤✐♠s❡❧❢✱ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ t♦ ♠❛❦❡ ❛♥ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣ ❬✇♦rs❤✐♣❡r❪
s❤❛❧❧ ❝♦♠❡✲t♦✲❜❡ t❤r♦✉❣❤ ❬❤✐s❪ ❢❛✈♦✉r t♦ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥ ❬❤✐♠❪❄
✸✳ ❍♦✇ Indra✱ ❜❡✐♥❣ ❝❛❧❧❡❞ ✉♣♦♥✱ ❤❡❛rs ❬t❤❡ ❝❛❧❧❪❄
❍♦✇ ❤❡❛r✐♥❣ ❬✐t❪ ❤❡ ❤❛s ❢♦✉♥❞ ❛❜♦✉t ❤✐s ✇✐s❤❡s❄ ✷
❲❤❛t ❬❛r❡❪ ❤✐s ♥✉♠❡r♦✉s ❝✉❡s❄
❲❤② t❤❡② ❝♦♥s✐❞❡r ❤✐♠ ❜♦✉♥t❡♦✉s ❢♦r ❛ ♣r❛✐s❡r❄
✹✳ ❍♦✇ s❤❛❧❧ ❛♥ ❡❛❣❡r❧② ❡①❡rt✐♥❣ ❤✐♠s❡❧❢ ❤✐s ❬✇♦rs❤✐♣❡r❪✱
r❡✢❡❝t✐♥❣ ✉♣♦♥ t❤❡ s✉❜st❛♥❝❡✱ ❛tt❛✐♥ ✐t❄
✖✖
❚❤❡ deva s❤♦✉❧❞ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❝♦❣♥✐③❛♥t ♦❢ ♠② ❝♦❤❡r❡♥❝❡s
❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❛❝❝❡♣t❡❞ t❤❡ ❛❞♦r❛t✐♦♥ ✇❤✐❝❤ ❤❡ ✇♦✉❧❞ ❡♥❥♦②✳
✖✖
✺✳ ❲❤②✱ ✇❤❛t ❧✐❦❡✲♠✐♥❞❡❞♥❡ss ♦❢ ❛ ♠♦rt❛❧
t❤❡ deva ❤❛s ❢r❡q✉❡♥t❡❞ ❛t ✜rst ❧✐❣❤ts ♦❢ t❤✐s ❞❛✇♥❄
❲❤②❄ ❲❤❛t ✐s ❤✐s ❧✐❦❡✲♠✐♥❞❡❞♥❡ss ✇✐t❤ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s
t❤❛t ❤❛✈❡ t✉❣❣❡❞ t♦ ✐t ❛ ✇❡❧❧ ②♦❦❡❞ ❧♦♥❣✐♥❣❄
✻✳ ■s t❤❡ ❧✐❦❡✲♠✐♥❞❡❞♥❡ss ✐♥ s✉❝❤ ❝❛s❡ ✸
❢❛❝✐❧✐t❛t✐♥❣ ❢♦r❝❡❢✉❧♥❡ss ❢♦r t❤❡ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s❄
❲❤❡♥ ✐♥❞❡❡❞ ❞♦ ✇❡ ♣r♦❝❧❛✐♠ ❛ ❜r♦t❤❡r❤♦♦❞ t♦ t❤❡❡❄
❋♦r ❛✉s♣✐❝✐♦✉s♥❡ss ♦❢ t❤❡ ❦❡❡♥✲s✐❣❤t❡❞ ♦♥❡✱
❛❝ts ♦❢ ❧❡tt✐♥❣ ❣♦ ❛r❡ ❛ ❢♦r♠ ♦❢ s✉❝❤ ❬❧✐❦❡✲♠✐♥❞❡❞♥❡ss❪✳
❆s ✐❢ ✐♥ svàr✱ ■ ❤❛✈❡ s♦✉❣❤t ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ❝♦✇ ✹
t❤❡ ♠♦st ❝♦♥s♣✐❝✉♦✉s ❬❧♦♥❣✐♥❣❪✳

✶ anı̄ka ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✸✳✸✵✳✶✸❜

✷ t❤❛t ✐s✱ ♦❢ ✏❡①❡rt✐♥❣ ❤✐♠s❡❧❢✱ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ t♦ ♠❛❦❡ ❛♥ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣ ❬✇♦rs❤✐♣❡r❪✑
✸ t❤❛t ✐s✱ ✇❤❡♥ ✏t❤❡② ❤❛✈❡ t✉❣❣❡❞ t♦ ✐t ❛ ✇❡❧❧ ②♦❦❡❞ ❧♦♥❣✐♥❣✑
✹ ❂ ✏s♣❡❡❝❤✑
✺✼✷

drúham . jı́ghām . sandhvarásamanindrā´m

.
tétikte tigmā´ tujáse ánı̄kā |
.rn.ā´ cidyátra .rn.ayā´ na ugró
dūré ájñātā us.áso babādhé || 7 ||

.rtásya hı́ śurúdhah. sánti pūrv´ı̄r

.rtásya dhı̄tı́rvr.jinā´ni hanti |
.rtásya ślóko badhirā´ tatarda
kárn.ā budhānáh. śucámāna āyóh. || 8 ||

.rtásya dr...dhā´ dharún.āni santi

purū´n.i candrā´ vápus.e vápūm . .si |
r.téna dı̄rghámis.an.anta pŕ.ks.a
.rténa gā´va .rtámā´ viveśuh. || 9 ||

.rtám . yemāná .rtámı́dvanotyr.tásya

śús.masturayā´ u gavyúh. |
.rtā´ya pr.thv´ı̄ bahulé gabhı̄ré
.rtā´ya dhenū´ paramé duhāte || 10 ||

nū´ .s.tutá indra nū´ gr.n.āná

. jaritré nadyò ná pı̄peh. |
ı́s.am
ákāri te harivo bráhma návyam .
dhiyā´ syāma rathyàh. sadāsā´h. || 11 ||
 ✺✼✸

✼✳ ❬■❢❪ ✐t ✱ ✐♥t❡♥❞✐♥❣ t♦ ❞❡str♦②✱ s❤❛r♣❡♥s ❛❣❛✐♥ ❛♥❞ ❛❣❛✐♥

✺
❛ s♣✐t❡❢✉❧✱ ❧❛❝❦✐♥❣✲❬♠❛♥✐❢❡st❛t✐♦♥s✲❪♦❢✲Indra ♠✐s❝❤✐❡❢✱
❬t❤❡♥❪ t❤♦✉ ❬s❤❛❧❧❪ ❜r✐♥❣ t♦ ❢♦r❡ ❬t❤♦s❡ ❤✐s✱ Indra✬s✱❪
s❝♦r❝❤✐♥❣ ❛♣♣❡❛r❛♥❝❡s
❞✉r✐♥❣ ✇❤✐❝❤ ❤❡✱ ❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s✱
❞❡♠❛♥❞✐♥❣ ❢✉❧✜❧❧♠❡♥t ♦❢ ♦✉r ♦❜❧✐❣❛t✐♦♥s✱
❤❛s ❞r✐✈❡♥ ❢❛r ❛✇❛② ♥♦♥✲❡①♣❡r✐❡♥❝❡❞ ❞❛✇♥s✳
✖✖
✽✳ Pr♦❧✐❢❡r❛t✐♥❣ r✐❝❤❡s ♦❢ .rta ❛r❡ ♠❛♥②❀
✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ .rta ❛♥❞ ✐ts ❡✛❡❝ts ❞❡str♦② ❞❡❝❡✐t❢✉❧
❬♠❡♥t❛❧ ♦❜s❝✉r❛t✐♦♥s ❪ ✖
✻
❞✐✈✐♥❡ ✈♦✐❝❡ ♦❢ .rta✱ r♦✉s✐♥❣✱ ❜✉r♥✐♥❣ ❜❡❝❛✉s❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❛❣✐t❛t❡❞ ♦♥❡ ✼
❤❛s ♣✐❡r❝❡❞ ❞❡❛❢ ❡❛rs✳
✾✳ ❙tr♦♥❣❤♦❧❞s ♦❢ .rta ❛r❡ ❤♦❧❞✐♥❣ ❬❛❣❛✐♥st vr.tra✲s❪ ✖
♠❛♥② ❬❛r❡ ✐ts❪ ✇♦♥❞r♦✉s s❝✐♥t✐❧❧❛t✐♥❣ ❢♦r♠s t♦ ♠❛r✈❡❧ ❛t❀
t❤r♦✉❣❤ .rta ♥♦✉r✐s❤♠❡♥ts ❛♥✐♠❛t❡ ♦♥❡ ❢♦r ❛ ❧♦♥❣ t✐♠❡✱
t❤r♦✉❣❤ .rta ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s ❤❛✈❡ ♣❡r✈❛❞❡❞ .rta✳
✽
✶✵✳ ❊①t❡♥❞✐♥❣ .rta ♦♥❡ ♣❧❛❝❡s .rta ✇✐t❤✐♥ ❬♦♥❡✬s❪ r❡❛❝❤❀
s❡❡❦✐♥❣✲❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡✲❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s ✾ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡ ♦❢ .rta
✐s ♠♦✈✐♥❣ ♣♦✇❡r❢✉❧❧②❀
❢♦r rta t❤❡ t✇♦ ✇♦r❧❞s ❛r❡ ✇✐❞❡ ❛♥❞ ❞❡❡♣
❢♦r ..rta t❤❡ t✇♦ ♠♦st ❡①❝❡❧❧❡♥t ♠✐❧❝❤✲❝♦✇s ②✐❡❧❞ ♠✐❧❦✳
✶✶✳ ◆♦✇ ♣r❛✐s❡❞✱ ❖ Indra✱ ♥♦✇ ❡①t♦❧❧❡❞✱
❢♦r ❬t❤✐s❪ ♣r❛✐s❡r t❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ s✇❡❧❧ t❤❡ ❧✐❜❛t✐♦♥
❧✐❦❡ ❬t❤♦✉ s✇❡❧❧❡❞❪ r✐✈❡rs✳
❖ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞✲❜②✲t❛✇♥②✲♦♥❡s ♦♥❡✱ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥
❛ ♥♦✈❡❧ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥ ✇❛s ♠❛❞❡ ❢♦r t❤❡❡ ✖
♠❛② ✇❡ ❜❡ ❝❤❛r✐♦t❡❡rs ✇❤♦ ❛r❡ ❛❧✇❛②s ❣❛✐♥✐♥❣✦

✺ t❤❡ ❧♦♥❣✐♥❣
✻ ❂vrtra✲s
.
✼ ✐♥♥❡r Agni
✽ ❧✐t✳ ✏❝♦✇s✑
✾ ❧✐t✳ ✏❝♦✇s✑
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✹✳✷✹

Vāmadeva Gautama | ✶✕✾✱✶✶ Tris..tubh✱ ✶✵ Anus..tubh | t♦ Indra

kā´ sus..tutı́h. śávasah. sūnúmı́ndram

arvācı̄nám . rā´dhasa ā´ vavartat |
dadı́rhı́ vı̄ró gr.n.até vásūni
sá gópatirnis..sı́dhām . no janāsah. || 1 ||

sá vr.trahátye hávyah. sá ´ı̄d.yah.

sá sús..tuta ı́ndrah. satyárādhāh. |
sá yā´mannā´ maghávā mártyāya
brahman.yaté sús.vaye várivo dhāt || 2 ||

támı́nnáro vı́ hvayante samı̄ké

ririkvā´m
. sastanvàh. kr.n.vata trā´m |
mithó yáttyāgámubháyāso ágman
nárastokásya tánayasya sātau ´ || 3 ||

kratūyánti ks.itáyo yóga ugrāśus.ān.ā´so

mithó árn.asātau |
. yádvı́śó vavr.tranta yudhmā´
′
sám
ā´dı́nnéma indrayante abh´ı̄ke || 4 ||

ā´dı́ddha néma indriyám . yajanta

ā´dı́tpaktı́h. puro..dā´śam
. riricyāt |
ā´dı́tsómo vı́ papr.cyādásus.vı̄n
ā´dı́jjujos.a vr..sabhám . yájadhyai || 5 ||

kr.n.ótyasmai várivo yá itthéndrāya

sómamuśaté sunóti |
sadhrı̄c´ı̄nena mánasā´vivenantámı́t
sákhāyam . kr.n.ute samátsu || 6 ||
 ✺✼✺

✶✳ ❲❤❛t ❝♦rr❡❝t❧② ❛rt✐❝✉❧❛t❡❞ ♣r❛✐s❡ ✇♦✉❧❞ t✉r♥ Indra✱

t❤❡ ✐♥❝✐t❡r ♦❢ t❤❡ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡ t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱ ❤❡r❡✱
❢❛✈♦✉r✐♥❣ ❬✉s❪ t♦ s❛t✐s❢② ❬❤✐s❪ ❞❡s✐r❡ ❬❢♦r Soma❪❄
❇❡❝❛✉s❡ t❤❡ ❤❡r♦✱ ❜❡st♦✇✐♥❣ ❜❡♥❡✜ts t♦ ❡①t♦❧❧✐♥❣ ❤✐♠ ❬s✐♥❣❡r❪✱
❬✐s❪ t❤❡ ♠❛st❡r ♦❢ ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s✱
♦❢ ❛tt❛✐♥✐♥❣✲❢♦r✲✉s✲t❤❡✐r✲❛✐♠ ❡✛❡❝ts✱ ❖ ♣❡♦♣❧❡✱
✷✳ ❤❡ ✐s t♦ ❜❡ s✉♠♠♦♥❡❞ t♦ s❧❛② Vr.tra✱ ❤❡ ✐s t♦ ❜❡ ✐♠♣❧♦r❡❞ ✖
❤❡✱ ❤✐❣❤❧② ♣r❛✐s❡❞ Indra✱ ✇❤♦s❡ s❛t✐s❢❛❝t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ♦♥❡✬s ❞❡s✐r❡
✐s r❡❛❧✳
❍❡✱ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s t♦ ❛ ♠♦rt❛❧ ♦♥ ❛ ❥♦✉r♥❡②✱ ❤❡ s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ ❣r❛♥t❡❞
t♦ ❛♥ ❡♠♣❧♦②✐♥❣ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥s✱
♣r❡ss✐♥❣ ♦✉t Soma ❬♠♦rt❛❧❪ ♠❡♥t❛❧ s♣❛❝❡✳
✸✳ ■♥❞❡❡❞ ❤✐♠ ♠❡♥ ✈✐❡ ✐♥ ❝❛❧❧✐♥❣ ❞✉r✐♥❣ ❛ ❝❧♦s❡ ❝♦♠❜❛t ✖
❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❛❜❛♥❞♦♥❡❞ ❬t❤❡✐r❪ ❜♦❞✐❡s ❬t♦ t❤❡ ❤❡❛t ♦❢ ❛ ❜❛tt❧❡❪
t❤❡② s❤❛❧❧ ❡♠♣❧♦② ❬❤✐♠ ❛s ❛❪ ♣r♦t❡❝t♦r✳
❲❤❡♥ ♠❡♥ ♦♥ ❜♦t❤ s✐❞❡s✱
✐♥ ❣❛✐♥✐♥❣ ♣r♦♣❛❣❛t✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡✐r❪ ❢❛♠✐❧② ❝❤✐❧❞r❡♥✱
❤❛✈❡ ♠✉t✉❛❧❧② ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤❡❞ ❧❡❛✈✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡✐r ❜♦❞✐❡s❪✱
✹✳ ❛t ❬s✉❝❤❪ ❡♥❣❛❣❡♠❡♥t✱ t❤❡ ❝❧❛♥s ❡♠♣❧♦② ❬t❤②❪ r❡s♦✉r❝❡❢✉❧♥❡ss✱
❖ ❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s ♦♥❡✱
❛❧t❡r♥❛t❡❧② str✐✈✐♥❣ ✐♥ ♦❜t❛✐♥✐♥❣
t❤❡ ✇❛✈❡ ❬♦❢ ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ str❡♥❣t❤❪✳
❲❤❡♥ tr✐❜❛❧ ✜❣❤t❡rs t✉r♥ t♦✇❛r❞s ❡❛❝❤ ♦t❤❡r✱
♦♥❧② ❛❢t❡r t❤❛t s❡✈❡r❛❧ ♦❢ t❤❡♠ ❡♠♣❧♦② Indra
❞✉r✐♥❣ ❛♥ ❡♥❝♦✉♥t❡r✳
✺✳ ■♥❞❡❡❞✱ ♦♥❧② ❛❢t❡r t❤❛t ❬t❤♦s❡❪ s❡✈❡r❛❧ ❝♦♥s❡❝r❛t❡ ❬t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s❪
t♦ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r ♦✈❡r ❛✛❡❝t✐♦♥s✱
♦♥❧② ❛❢t❡r t❤❛t ❬t❤❡✐r❪ ❝♦♦❦✐♥❣
♠✐❣❤t ❣❡t r✐❞ ♦❢ t❤❡ s❛❝r✐✜❝✐❛❧ ❝❛❦❡✱
♦♥❧② ❛❢t❡r t❤❛t Soma s❡♣❛r❛t❡s ♥♦♥✲♣r❡ss✐♥❣✲♦✉t✲Soma ♦♥❡s
❬❢r♦♠ t❤❡♠❪✱
♦♥❧② ❛❢t❡r t❤❛t ♦♥❡ ❤❛s ♣❧❡❛s✉r❡ t♦ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡ t♦ ❤✐♠
✇❤♦ r❡s❡♠❜❧❡s ❛ ❜✉❧❧✳
✻✳ ❍❡ ❝r❡❛t❡s ♠❡♥t❛❧ s♣❛❝❡ ❢♦r s✉❝❤ ♦♥❡
✶
✇❤♦ t❤✉s ♣r❡ss❡s Soma ❢♦r ❞❡s✐r✐♥❣ ❬✐t❪ Indra✳
❲✐t❤ t❤❡ ♠✐♥❞ ❞✐r❡❝t❡❞ t♦ ♦♥❡ ❣♦❛❧✱
❤❡ ✇❤♦ ❞♦❡s ♥♦t ❧♦s❡ t❤❡ tr❛❝❦ ✷
♠❛❦❡s ♦♥❧② ❤✐♠ ❛ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥ ✐♥ ❝❧❛s❤❡s✳
✶ Indra
✷ ✐♥t❡r♣r❡t❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ avivenan ❤❡r❡ ❢♦❧❧♦✇s ❬❏❛♠✐s♦♥ ❛♥❞ ❇r❡r❡t♦♥✱ ✷✵✶✹✱

♣♣✳✺✾✽❪
✺✼✻
✖✖
yá ı́ndrāya sunávatsómamadyá
pácātpakt´ı̄rutá bhr.jjā´ti dhānā´h. |
práti manāyórucáthāni háryan
tásmindadhadvŕ..san.am . śús.mamı́ndrah. || 7 ||

yadā´ samaryám . vyácedŕ.ghāvā

. yádājı́mabhyákhyadaryáh. |
dı̄rghám
ácikradadvŕ..san.am . pátnyáchā
duron.á ā´ nı́śitam
. somasúdbhih. || 8 ||

bhū´yasā vasnámacaratkánı̄yó ′vikrı̄to

akānis.am . púnaryán |
sá bhū´yasā kánı̄yo nā´rirecı̄d
dı̄nā´ dáks.ā vı́ duhanti prá vān.ám || 9 ||

ká imám . daśábhirmáméndram . krı̄n.āti dhenúbhih. |

yadā´ vr.trā´n.i jáṅghanadáthainam
. me púnardadat || 10 ||

nū´ .s.tutá indra nū´ gr.n.āná

. jaritré nadyò ná pı̄peh. |
ı́s.am
ákāri te harivo bráhma návyam .
dhiyā´ syāma rathyàh. sadāsā´h. || 11 ||
 ✺✼✼

✼✳ ❲❤♦ t♦❞❛② s❤❛❧❧ ♣r❡ss ❢♦r Indra Soma

❛♥❞ ❜r✐♥❣ t♦ ❝♦♠♣❧❡t✐♦♥ ♠❛t✉r❛t✐♦♥s
✸ ❬♦❢ ♣r❡✈✐♦✉s tr❛✐♥✐♥❣❪✱
♣❛r❝❤ ❣r❛✐♥s✱
Indra✱ ❞❡❧✐❣❤t✐♥❣ ✐♥ ♣❤r❛s❡s ♦❢ ❤✐♠
✇❤♦ ♣✉rs✉❡s ❞❡✈♦t✐♦♥ ❬t♦ ❤✐♠❪✱
s❤❛❧❧ ♣✉t ✐♥t♦ t❤❛t ♦♥❡ ✐♠♣r❡❣♥❛t✐♥❣ ❢❡r✈♦r✳
✖✖
✽✳ ❲❤❡♥❡✈❡r ❛ r❛✈✐♥❣ ♦♥❡ ❞✐s❝❡r♥❡❞ ❛♥ ❛❣✐t❛t❡❞ ❝r♦✇❞✱
❬♦r❪ ✇❤❡♥ ❤❡ ♦❜s❡r✈❡❞ ❢♦r ❛ ❧♦♥❣ t✐♠❡
❛ ❝♦♥t❡st ♦❢ t❤❡ r✐s✐♥❣ ✉♣✇❛r❞s ♦♥❡
✹
❬❤✐s❪ ✇✐❢❡ ✇♦✉❧❞ ❝❛❧❧ ♦✉t ♣✐t❡♦✉s❧② t♦ t❤❡ ✐♠♣r❡❣♥❛t✐♥❣ ♦♥❡
✺
❬✇❤♦ ✇❛s❪ st✐♠✉❧❛t❡❞ ❛t ❤♦♠❡ ❜② Soma✲♣r❡ss✐♥❣ ❬❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s❪✳
✻
✾✳ ✏❲✐t❤ ❣r❡❛t❡r ❬♠✐❣❤t ❪ ❤❡✱ ❜❡✐♥❣ ✉♥s♦❧❞✱
❞r✐❢t❡❞ t♦ ❛♥ ✐♥s✐❣♥✐✜❝❛♥t ♣r✐❝❡❀
❣♦✐♥❣ ❜❛❝❦✱ ■✱ ❤❛✈❡ ❛❝❝❡♣t❡❞ ✇✐t❤ s❛t✐s❢❛❝t✐♦♥ ❬t❤❛t❪
❤❡ ❞✐❞ ♥♦t s✉♣♣❧❛♥t
✼ t❤❡ ❧❡ss❡r ❬♠✐❣❤t❪ ✇✐t❤ ❛ ❣r❡❛t❡r ❬♦♥❡❪ ✖
s❝❛♥t② ♣♦✇❡rs ♦❢ ❞✐s❝❡r♥♠❡♥t ②✐❡❧❞ ❬❥✉st❪ ❛ s♦✉♥❞✳
✶✵✳ ❲❤♦ ❜✉②s t❤✐s ♠② Indra ❢♦r t❡♥ ♠✐❧❝❤✲❝♦✇s❄
❲❤❡♥ ❤❡ ✇♦✉❧❞ r❡♣❡❛t❡❞❧② s❧❛② vr.tra✲s
t❤❡♥ ♦♥❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❣✐✈❡ ❤✐♠ ❜❛❝❦✳
✖✖
✶✶✳ ◆♦✇ ♣r❛✐s❡❞✱ ❖ Indra✱ ♥♦✇ ❡①t♦❧❧❡❞✱
❢♦r ❬t❤✐s❪ ♣r❛✐s❡r t❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ s✇❡❧❧ t❤❡ ❧✐❜❛t✐♦♥
❧✐❦❡ ❬t❤♦✉ s✇❡❧❧❡❞❪ r✐✈❡rs✳
❖ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞✲❜②✲t❛✇♥②✲♦♥❡s ♦♥❡✱ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥
❛ ♥♦✈❡❧ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥ ✇❛s ♠❛❞❡ ❢♦r t❤❡❡ ✖
♠❛② ✇❡ ❜❡ ❝❤❛r✐♦t❡❡rs ✇❤♦ ❛r❡ ❛❧✇❛②s ❣❛✐♥✐♥❣✦

❱❡rs❡s ✽✕✶✵ ❤✐♥t ❛t Indra✲❢♦r✲❤✐r❡ ❛rr❛♥❣♠❡♥ts ✇❤❡r❡ Indra ❛❞❡♣t

❝❛♥ ❜❡ ❤✐r❡❞ ❢♦r ❛♥ ❛rr❛♥❣❡❞ ✜❣❤t✳

✸ ❧✐t✳ ✏❝♦♦❦ t❤❡ ❝♦♦❦❡❞ ❢♦♦❞s✑

✹ ✐♥♥❡r Soma
✺ Indra
✻ máhas
✼ t❤❛t ✐s✱ ✏✇✐♥ ♦✈❡r✑
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✹✳✷✺

Vāmadeva Gautama | Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra

kó adyá náryo devákāma uśánnı́ndrasya

sakhyám . jujos.a |
kó vā mahé ′vase pā´ryāya
sámiddhe agnau ´ sutásoma ı̄t..te || 1 ||

kó nānāma vácasā somyā´ya

manāyúrvā bhavati vásta usrā´h. |
ká ı́ndrasya yújyam . káh. sakhitvám
.
kó bhrātrám
. vas. . kaváye ká ūt´ı̄ || 2 ||
t i

kó devā´nāmávo adyā´ vr.n.ı̄te

ká ādityā´m̃
. áditim. jyótirı̄t..te |
kásyāśvı́nāvı́ndro agnı́h. sutásyām. śóh.
pibanti mánasā´vivenam || 3 ||

tásmā agnı́rbhā´ratah. śárma yam. saj

jyókpaśyātsū´ryamuccárantam |
yá ı́ndrāya sunávāmétyā´ha
náre náryāya nŕ.tamāya nr.n.ā´m || 4 ||

ná tám. jinanti bahávo ná dabhrā´

urvàsmā áditih. śárma yam . sat |
priyáh. sukŕ.tpriyá ı́ndre manāyúh.
priyáh. suprāv´ı̄h. priyó asya som´ı̄ || 5 ||

suprāvyàh. prāśus.ā´..des.á vı̄ráh.

sús.veh. paktı́m. kr.n.ute kévaléndrah. |
nā´sus.verāpı́rná sákhā ná jāmı́r
dus.prāvyò ′vahantédávācah. || 6 ||
 ✺✼✾

✶✳ ❲❤♦ t♦❞❛②✱ ♠❛♥❧②✱ ❧♦♥❣✐♥❣ ❢♦r t❤❡ deva✱ ❞❡s✐r✐♥❣ ❬✐t❪

❤❛s ❡♥❥♦②❡❞ Indra✬s ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s❤✐♣❄
❆♥❞ ✇❤♦✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ♣r❡ss❡❞ Soma ✐♥t♦ ❦✐♥❞❧❡❞ Agni✶ ✱
✐♠♣❧♦r❡s ❬❤✐♠❪ ❢♦r ❛ ❣r❡❛t✱ ❞❡❝✐s✐✈❡ ❢❛✈♦✉r❄
✷✳ ❲❤♦ ✇✐t❤ ❛♥ ✉tt❡r❛♥❝❡ ❤❛s s✉❜♠✐tt❡❞ ♦♥❡✬s s❡❧❢
t♦ ✐♥s♣✐r❡❞✲❜②✲Soma ♦♥❡
❛♥❞ ❜❡❝♦♠❡s ❛ ♦♥❡ ✇❤♦ ♣✉rs✉❡s ❞❡✈♦t✐♦♥
❬✇❤❡♥❪ ❤❡
✷ ❛ss✉♠❡s t❤❡ ❢♦r♠ ♦❢ ❛♣♣❡❛r✐♥❣ ❛t ❞❛✇♥ ❬✇❛t❡rs❪❄
❲❤♦ ❞❡s✐r❡s Indra✬s ❛❧❧✐❛♥❝❡✱ ✇❤♦ ❛ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s❤✐♣✱
✇❤♦ ❛ ❜r♦t❤❡r❤♦♦❞❄ ❲❤♦ ❬❞❡s✐r❡s❪ ❬Indra✬s ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s❤✐♣❪
❢♦r ❛ ❣✐❢t❡❞ ✇✐t❤ ✐♥s✐❣❤t ❬♣♦❡t❪ ✇✐t❤ ❬❤✐s❪ ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❤❡❧♣✐♥❣❄
✸✳ ❲❤♦ t♦❞❛② ❬✇♦✉❧❞❪ ❝❤♦♦s❡ ❢♦r ❤✐♠s❡❧❢ ❛ss✐st❛♥❝❡ ♦❢ deva✲s❄
❲❤♦ ❬✇♦✉❧❞❪ ✐♠♣❧♦r❡ Āditya✲s✱ Aditi ❢♦r t❤❡ ❧✐❣❤t❄
❖❢ ✇❤♦s❡ ♣r❡ss❡❞ st❛❧❦ Aśvin✲s✱ Indra✱ Agni
❬✇♦✉❧❞❪ ❞r✐♥❦ ✇✐t❤♦✉t ❧♦s✐♥❣ tr❛❝❦
✸
t❤r♦✉❣❤ ❬✈❛❝✐❧❧❛t✐♦♥s ♦❢ ❤✐s❪ ♠✐♥❞❄
✹✳ ❋♦r ❤✐♠ Agni ♦❢ Bharata✲s s❤❛❧❧ s♣r❡❛❞ t❤❡ s❤❡❧t❡r ✖
s♦ t❤❛t ❤❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡❤♦❧❞ r✐s✐♥❣ s✉♥ ❢♦r ❛ ❧♦♥❣ t✐♠❡ ❬t♦ ❝♦♠❡❪ ✖
❢♦r ❛ ♠❛♥❧② ♠❛♥✱ ❢♦r t❤❡ ♠♦st ♠❛♥❧② ♦❢ ♠❡♥ ✇❤♦ s❛✐❞✱
✏▲❡t ✉s ♣r❡ss ❬Soma❪ ❢♦r Indra✑✳
✺✳ ◆❡✐t❤❡r ♥✉♠❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡s ♥♦r s❝❛r❝❡ ♦♥❡s ❛❜❛♥❞♦♥ ❤✐♠❀
Aditi s❤❛❧❧ s♣r❡❛❞ ❛♥ ❛♠♣❧❡ s❤❡❧t❡r ❢♦r ❤✐♠✳
❛ s❦✐❧❧❢✉❧ ❬♠❛♥❪ ✐s ❞❡❛r ❬t♦ ❤✐♠❪✱
♦♥❡ ✇❤♦ ♣✉rs✉❡s ❞❡✈♦t✐♦♥ ✐s ❞❡❛r t♦ Indra
❛ ✈❡r② ♠✐♥❞❢✉❧ ❬♠❛♥❪ ✐s ❞❡❛r ❬t♦ ❤✐♠❪✱
❤❡✱ ✇❤♦ ❤❛s Soma✱ ✐s ❤✐s ❢❛✈♦r✐t❡✳
✻✳ ❚❤✐s ❤❡r♦✱ ❬❜❡✐♥❣❪ ✈❡r② ♠✐♥❞❢✉❧✱ ♣r❡✈❛✐❧s ✈❡r② q✉✐❝❦❧②❀
Indra r❡♥❞❡rs ✐s♦❧❛t❡❞ ❬❢❛✈♦✉rs ❪
✹
✐♥t♦ ♠❛t✉r❛t✐♦♥ ❬♦❢ ♣r❡✈✐♦✉s tr❛✐♥✐♥❣❪
♦❢ ♣r❡ss✐♥❣ ♦✉t Soma ❬♠❛♥❪✳
◆♦t ❛♥ ❛❧❧② ♦❢ ❛ ❬♠❛♥❪ ✇❤♦ ✐s ♥♦t ♣r❡ss✐♥❣ ♦✉t Soma✱
♥♦t ❛ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥✱ ♥♦t ❛ s✐❜❧✐♥❣✱
❤❡ ✇❛r❞s ♦✛ ❛ ❤❡❡❞❧❡ss ❬♠❛♥❪✱
❬❛ ♠❛♥❪ ♥♦t✲✉tt❡r✐♥❣ ❬✈❡rs❡s❪✳

✶ t❤❡ ✐♥♥❡r ✜r❡ ♦❢ manipūra ❝❛❦r❛

.
✷ Indra
✸ ✐♥t❡r♣r❡t❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ avivenam ❤❡r❡ ❢♦❧❧♦✇s ❬❏❛♠✐s♦♥ ❛♥❞ ❇r❡r❡t♦♥✱ ✷✵✶✹✱
♣♣✳✺✾✾❪
✹ avasāmsi
.
✺✽✵

ná revátā pan.ı́nā sakhyámı́ndró ′sunvatā

sutapā´h. sám
. gr.n.ı̄te |
ā´sya védah. khidáti hánti nagnám.
vı́ sús.vaye paktáye kévalo bhūt || 7 ||

ı́ndram
. páré ′vare madhyamā´sa
ı́ndram
. yā´ntó ′vasitāsa ı́ndram |
ı́ndram
. ks.iyánta utá yúdhyamānā
ı́ndram
. náro vājayánto havante || 8 ||
 ✺✽✶

✼✳ Indra✱ ✇❤♦ ✐s ❞r✐♥❦❡r ♦❢ ♣r❡ss❡❞ ♦✉t ❬❥✉✐❝❡❪✱

❞♦❡s ♥♦t ♣r♦♠✐s❡ ❢r✐❡♥❞s❤✐♣
♥❡✐t❤❡r t♦ ❛ ✇❡❛❧t❤② ♥✐❣❣❛r❞✱ ♥♦r t♦ ♥♦♥✲♣r❡ss✐♥❣ ❬Soma❪ ♦♥❡✳
❍❡ ❞r❛✇s t♦ ❤✐♠s❡❧❢ ❤✐s ♣r♦♣❡rt②✱
s❧❛②s ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ✐s ❞❡s♦❧❛t❡ ❬♦❢ Soma❪❀
❤❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❡❞ ❛s ✐s♦❧❛t❡❞ ❬❢r♦♠ ♦t❤❡r deva✲s❪
❢♦r ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ♣r❡ss❡s ♦✉t Soma ✖ t♦ ♠❛t✉r❡ ❬❤✐s ♣r❛❝t✐❝❡s❪✳
✽✳ ❬■t ✐s❪ Indra ✇❤♦♠ t❤♦s❡ ✐♥ ❜❡t✇❡❡♥ ✐♥ t❤❡ ♣❛st ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ♣r❡s❡♥t✱
Indra ✇❤♦♠ ✈❛❣r❛♥t ♦♥❡s✱
Indra ✇❤♦♠ r❡s✐❞✐♥❣ ❬✐♥ ♦♥❡ ♣❧❛❝❡❪ ♦♥❡s✱
Indra ✇❤♦♠ ❞✇❡❧❧✐♥❣ ♣❡❛❝❡❢✉❧❧② ❛♥❞ ❬✇❤♦♠❪ ✇❛❣✐♥❣ ❛ ✇❛r ♦♥❡s✱
Indra ✇❤♦♠ ♣r❛❝t✐s✐♥❣✲r✉s❤❡s✲♦❢✲✈✐❣♦✉r ♠❡♥ ❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥✳
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✹✳✷✻

Vāmadeva Gautama | Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra

ahám. mánurabhavam . sū´ryaścāhám

.
kaks.´ı̄vām̃ ŕ
. .. s irasmi vı́prah. |
′
ahám. kútsamārjuneyám . nyr.ñje hám.
kavı́ruśánā páśyatā mā || 1 ||

ahám . bhū´mimadadāmā´ryāyāhám.
. dāśús.e mártyāya |
vr..s.tı́m
ahámapó anayam . vāvaśānā´
máma devā´so ánu kétamāyan || 2 ||

ahám. púro mandasānó vyairam .

. navat´ı̄h. śámbarasya |
náva sākám
śatatamám. veśyàm
. sarvátātā
dı́vodāsamatithigvám . yádā´vam || 3 ||

prá sú .sá vı́bhyo maruto vı́rastu

prá śyenáh. śyenébhya āśupátvā |
acakráyā yátsvadháyā suparn.ó
havyám . bháranmánave devájus..tam || 4 ||

bháradyádi vı́ráto vévijānah.

pathórún.ā mánojavā asarji |
tū´yam. yayau mádhunā somyénotá
śrávo vivide śyenó átra || 5 ||

.rjı̄p´ı̄ śyenó dádamāno am . śúm

.
parāvátah. śakunó mandrám . mádam |
sómam . bharaddādr.hān.ó devā´vān
divó amús.mādúttarādādā´ya || 6 ||
 ✺✽✸

✶✳ ■ ❜❡❝❛♠❡ ✐♥t❡❧❧✐❣❡♥t✱ ❛♥❞ ❛ s✉♥❀

■ ❛♠ ❛♥ ✐♥s♣✐r❡❞ s❡❡r Kaksı̄vat✳
■ s✉❜❞✉❡ Kutsa Ārjuneya.✱
✶
■ ❬❛♠❪ ❣✐❢t❡❞ ✇✐t❤ ✐♥s✐❣❤t Uśanas ✖ ❜❡❤♦❧❞ ②❡ ♠❡✦
✷✳ ■ ❣❛✈❡ ❧❛♥❞ t♦ ❝♦♥❞✉❝t✐♥❣ ❬✐t❪ ✉♣✇❛r❞s ❬♠❛♥❪❀
■ ❬❣❛✈❡❪ t❤❡ r❛✐♥ t♦ ❛ ♠♦rt❛❧ ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡r✳
■ ❞✐❞ ❧❡❛❞ ❡❛❣❡r❧② ❞❡s✐r✐♥❣ ✇❛t❡rs✱
deva✲s ❛r❡ ❣✉✐❞❡❞ ❜② ♠② ✐♥t❡♥t✐♦♥✳
✸✳ ❊①❛❧t✐♥❣✱ ■ ❞❡s♦❧❛t❡❞ ♥✐♥❡t②
t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ♥✐♥❡ str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞s ♦❢ Śambara
❬❛♥❞❪ t❤❡ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞t❤ ✖ t❤❡ ❛❞❥❛❝❡♥t t❡rr✐t♦r② ✖ ❡♥t✐r❡❧②✱
✇❤❡♥ ■ ❤❡❧♣❡❞ Divodāsa Atithigva✳
✖✖
✹✳ ▲❡t t❤❛t ❜✐r❞ st❛♥❞ ♦✉t ❢r♦♠ ❬♦t❤❡r❪ ❜✐r❞s✱ ❖ Marut✲s✱
❬t❤❛t❪ ❤❛✇❦ st❛♥❞ ♦✉t ❢r♦♠ ❬♦t❤❡r❪ ❤❛✇❦s✱ ✇❤❡♥✱ ❢❛st✲✢②✐♥❣
❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ♥♦♥✲❝✐r❝✉❧❛r s❡❧❢✲❞❡t❡r♠✐♥❡❞ ❝♦✉rs❡✱
❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❜❡❛✉t✐❢✉❧ ✇✐♥❣s✱
❤❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❜r✐♥❣ ❢♦r ❛ ✇✐s❡ ♦♥❡ ❢r❡q✉❡♥t❡❞ ❜② t❤❡ deva ♦❜❧❛t✐♦♥✳
✺✳ ■❢ t❤❡ ❜✐r❞✱ r✐s✐♥❣ ❛♥❞ ❢❛❧❧✐♥❣ ❢r♦♠ ❤❡r❡✱ ✇❡r❡ t♦ ❜r✐♥❣ ❬✐t❪✱
❤❡✱ ✉s✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♠✐♥❞ t♦ ❜❡ q✉✐❝❦✱
s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡ ❧❡t ❧♦♦s❡ t❤r♦✉❣❤ t❤❡ ✇✐❞❡ ♣❛t❤✇❛②✳
❍❡ ❤❛s tr❛✈❡❧❡❞ q✉✐❝❦❧② ✉s✐♥❣ ❝♦♥t❛✐♥✐♥❣ Soma ❤♦♥❡②✱
❛♥❞ t❤❡ ❤❛✇❦ ❤❛s ❢♦✉♥❞ ✐♥ t❤✐s ♣❧❛❝❡ ❛♥ ❛✉❞✐t♦r② ✐♠♣r❡ss✐♦♥✳
✻✳ ●✐✈✐♥❣ ✉♣ t❤❡ st❛❧❦ ✱ t❤❡ ❤❛✇❦ ❬✐s❪ ❣♦✐♥❣ str❛✐❣❤t ✉♣✇❛r❞s✱
✷
❢r♦♠ ❛ ❞✐st❛♥❝❡ ❬t❤✉s❪ ❡♥❛❜❧✐♥❣ ❛ ♣❧❡❛s❛♥t ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t✐♦♥❀
❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② deva✲s✱ ❤❡✱ ❜❡❝♦♠✐♥❣ str♦♥❣❡r✱
s❤❛❧❧ ❜r✐♥❣ t❤❡ Soma ❬❛❣❛✐♥ ❛♥❞ ❛❣❛✐♥❪✱
❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❛❦❡♥ ✐t ❢r♦♠ t❤❛t tr❛♥s♣♦rt✐♥❣ ✉♣✇❛r❞s ❍❡❛✈❡♥✳

✶ ❧✐t✳ ✏❞✐r❡❝t ❞♦✇♥✑

✷ ❂✏t❤❡ ♠✐❞❞❧❡ ❝❤❛♥♥❡❧✑
✺✽✹

ādā´ya śyenó abharatsómam .

sahásram . savā´m̃
. ayútam. ca sākám |
átrā púram. dhirajahādárātı̄r
máde sómasya mūrā´ ámūrah. || 7 ||
 ✺✽✺

✼✳ ❍❛✈✐♥❣ t❛❦❡♥ ❬✐t❪✱ t❤❡ ❤❛✇❦ ❜r♦✉❣❤t ❛t t❤❡ s❛♠❡ t✐♠❡

Soma ❛♥❞ ❛♥ ✉♥❜♦✉♥❞❡❞
✸ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞ ♦❢ ♣r❡ss✐♥❣s✳
✹
■♥ t❤✐s ❝❛s❡ ✖ ✐♥ t❤❡ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ Soma ✖
✺
❜❡❛r✐♥❣ ❢✉❧❧♥❡ss ❬str❡❛♠ ❪
❞✐sr❡❣❛r❞❡❞ ❤♦❧❞✐♥❣ ❜❛❝❦ ❬✐♥♥❡r ❝♦♥✢✐❝ts ❪ ✖
✻
✼ ✽ ✾
❧❛❝❦✐♥❣ ✜①❛t✐♦♥ ♦♥❡ ❬❞✐sr❡❣❛r❞❡❞❪ ✜①❛t✐♥❣ ♦♥❡s ✳

❱❡rs❡s ✶✕✸ ❞❡s❝r✐❜❡ s♦♠❡ ✐♥st❛♥❝❡s ✇❤❡♥ Indra ✇❛s ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❡❞✱

❛♥❞ ❛r❡ ♣r❡s❡♥t❡❞ ❛s Indra✬s s♣❡❡❝❤✳ ✏❚❤❡ ❤❛✇❦✑ ✐♥ ✈❡rs❡s ✹✕✼ ✐s ❛
s②♠❜♦❧ ♦❢ t❤❛t✱ s♦♠❡t❤✐♥❣ ❧✐❦❡ t♦ ❣r❛♥❞ ❛s♣✐r❛t✐♦♥ ✇✐t❤ ♣❛r❛❞✐❣♠✲
❜❡❛r✐♥❣ ✈✐s✐♦♥✱ ✇❤✐❝❤ ❝❛✉s❡s t❤❡ ♠✐♥❞ t♦ s♦❛r t♦ t❤❡ t❤✐r❞ ❢♦♦t♣r✐♥t
♦❢ Vis.n.u ❛♥❞ ❡✛❡❝ts ♦❢ t❤❛t s♦❛r✐♥❣✳

✸ ❂ ✏✉♥❝♦♥♥❡❝t❡❞ t♦ ♣r❡ss✐♥❣ ❤❡r❜ ❛♥❞ ♣✉r✐❢②✐♥❣ ✐ts ❥✉✐❝❡✑

✹ ❂ ✇❤❡♥ ✉♥❜♦✉♥❞❡❞ ♣r❡ss✐♥❣s ❞♦ ♦❝❝✉r
✺ ✢♦✇ ♦❢ susumnā
.
✻ dvis✲❛s
.
✼ ✢♦♦❞ ❂ arnas
.
✽ mūra ❛♥❞ amūra ❛r❡ ❛ss✉♠❡❞ ❤❡r❡ t♦ ❜❡ ❞❡r✐✈❡❞ ❢r♦♠ √mū ✕ t♦ t✐❡✱ t♦ ✜①✱
t♦ ❜✐♥❞
✾ ✐♥♥❡r ❝♦♥✢✐❝ts ❂ dvis.✲❛s
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✹✳✷✼

Vāmadeva Gautama | ✶✕✹✱ ✻✱✼ Tris..tubh✱ ✺ Śakvarı̄ | t♦ Indra

gárbhe nú sánnánves.āmavedam

ahám . devā´nām
. jánimāni vı́śvā |
śatám. mā púra ā´yası̄raraks.annádha
śyenó javásā nı́radı̄yam || 1 ||

ná ghā sá mā´mápa jós.am . jabhārābh´ı̄m

āsa tváks.asā vı̄ryèn.a |
ı̄rmā´ púram . dhirajahādárātı̄r
utá vā´tām̃
. atarachū´śuvānah. || 2 ||

áva yáchyenó ásvanı̄dádha dyór

vı́ yádyádi vā´ta ūhúh. púram
. dhim |
sr.jádyádasmā áva ha ks.ipájjyā´m.
kr.śā´nurástā mánasā bhuran.yán || 3 ||

.rjipyá ı̄mı́ndrāvato ná bhujyúm .

śyenó jabhāra br.ható ádhi .sn.óh. |
antáh. patatpatatryàsya parn.ám
ádha yā´mani prásitasya tádvéh. || 4 ||

ádha śvetám. kaláśam. góbhiraktám

āpipyānám. maghávā śukrámándhah. |
adhvaryúbhih. práyatam . mádhvo ágram
ı́ndro mádāya práti dhatpı́badhyai
śū´ro mádāya práti dhatpı́badhyai || 5 ||
 ✺✽✼

❬❙♦♠❛✿❪
✶✳ ❙t✐❧❧ ✐♥ t❤❡ ✇♦♠❜✱ ■ ❢♦✉♥❞ ♦✉t
❛❧❧ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❛t✐♦♥s ♦❢ t❤❡s❡ deva✲s✳
❍✉♥❞r❡❞ ✐r♦♥ ❢♦rtr❡ss❡s ❣✉❛r❞❡❞ ♠❡ ✖
t❤❡♥ t❤❡ ❤❛✇❦ ✖ ❬❛♥❞❪ q✉✐❝❦❧② ■ ✢❡✇ ♦✉t ❬♦❢ t❤❡r❡❪✳
✷✳ ❍❡ ❝❡rt❛✐♥❧② ❞✐❞♥✬t ❜r✐♥❣ ♠❡ ✇✐t❤♦✉t ❬♠②❪ ❝♦♥s❡♥t
■ s✉r♣❛ss ❤✐♠ ✐♥ ❝r❛❢t✐♥❡ss ❬❛♥❞❪ ✈❛❧♦r❀
✐♥st✐❣❛t✐♥❣✶ ❜❡❛r✐♥❣ ❢✉❧❧♥❡ss ❬str❡❛♠✷ ❪
❤❡ ❞✐sr❡❣❛r❞❡❞ ❤♦❧❞✐♥❣ ❜❛❝❦ ❬✐♥♥❡r ❝♦♥✢✐❝ts✸ ❪
❛♥❞✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ s✇❡❧❧❡❞ ❬✇✐t❤ ✐t❪✱ ❬t❤❡ ❤❛✇❦❪ ❝r♦ss❡❞ ♦✈❡r t❤❡ ✇✐♥❞s✳
✸✳ ❲❤❡♥ t❤❡ ❤❛✇❦ t❤❡♥ ❝r✐❡❞ ♦✉t ❞♦✇♥✇❛r❞s ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥✱
✇❤❡♥ ✕ ♦r ✐❢ ✖ ❬t❤❡ ✇✐♥❞s❪ ❤❛✈❡ ❞✐s♣❡rs❡❞
❜❡❛r✐♥❣ ❢✉❧❧♥❡ss ❬str❡❛♠❪✱
✇❤❡♥ ♠❡♥t❛❧❧② r❡st❧❡ss s❤♦♦t❡r Kr.śānu
s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ ❛❝t✉❛❧❧② r❡❧❡❛s❡❞ ❜♦✇str✐♥❣✱
❛♥❞ ❝❛st ❬t❤❡ ❛rr♦✇❪ ❛t ❤✐♠✱
✹✳ str❛✐❣❤t✲❣♦✐♥❣ ✖ ❧✐❦❡ t❤❡② ✇❤♦ ❛r❡ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② Indra
❬❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤❪ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ s❡❡❦s t♦ ❜❡♥❞✹ ✖
❤❛✇❦ ❤❛s ❝❛rr✐❡❞ ✐t✺ ❢r♦♠ ❧♦❢t② ❤❡✐❣❤t
❤✐s ✢✐❣❤t ❢❡❛t❤❡r s❤❛❧❧ ❢❛❧❧ ✐♥✲❜❡t✇❡❡♥ ❬t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤ ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥❪❀
t❤❡♥ ✖ ❞✉r✐♥❣ t❤❡ ✢✐❣❤t ♦❢ t❤✉s t❛❦✐♥❣✲♦✛ ❜✐r❞ ✖
✺✳ t❤❡♥ t♦ ❛ ✇❤✐t❡✱ s♠❡❛r❡❞ ✇✐t❤ ♠✐❧❦ ❥❛r✱
❣❡♥❡r♦✉s Indra s❤❛❧❧ ❞❡s✐❣♥❛t❡ s✇❡❧❧✐♥❣ tr❛♥s❧✉❝❡♥t ❬Soma❪ ❥✉✐❝❡
✭♦✛❡r❡❞ ❜② adhvaryu✲s t❤❡ ❜❡st ♣❛rt ♦r t❤❡ ❤♦♥❡②❡❞ ❞r✐♥❦✮
t♦ ❞r✐♥❦ ❢♦r ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t✐♦♥❀
t❤❡ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❞❡s✐❣♥❛t❡ ❬✐t❪ t♦ ❞r✐♥❦ ❢♦r ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t✐♦♥✳

❚❤✐s ❤②♠♥s ❝♦♥t✐♥✉❡s t❤❡ ❞❡s❝r✐♣t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ✐♥t❡r❛❝t✐♦♥s ❜❡t✇❡❡♥ Soma✱

t❤❡ ❤❛✇❦ ❛♥❞ Indra t❤❛t ✇❛s st❛rt❡❞ ✐♥ ✹✳✷✻✳

✶ t❛❦✐♥❣ ı̄rmā t♦ ♠❡❛♥ ✏✐♥st✐❣❛t✐♥❣✑ ❜② Sāyan

❢♦❧❧♦✇✐♥❣ .a
✷ ✢♦✇ ♦❢ susumnā
.
✸ dvis✲❛s
.
✹ ❂ ✏t♦ ②✐❡❧❞ t♦ t❤❡ ♣r❡ss✉r❡ ♦r ❢♦r❝❡✑
✺ ❂❜❡❛r✐♥❣ ❢✉❧❧♥❡ss str❡❛♠
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✹✳✷✽

Vāmadeva Gautama | Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra ❛♥❞ Soma

tvā´ yujā´ táva tátsoma sakhyá

ı́ndro apó mánave sasrútaskah. |
áhannáhimárin.ātsaptá sı́ndhūn
ápāvr.n.odápihiteva khā´ni || 1 ||

tvā´ yujā´ nı́ khidatsū´ryasyéndraś

cakrám . sáhasā sadyá indo |
ádhi .sn.únā br.hatā´ vártamānam
.
mahó druhó ápa viśvā´yu dhāyi || 2 ||

áhannı́ndro ádahadagnı́rindo
purā´ dásyūnmadhyám . dinādabh´ı̄ke |
durgé duron.é krátvā ná yātā´m.
purū´ sahásrā śárvā nı́ barhı̄t || 3 ||

vı́śvasmātsı̄madhamā´m̃ . indra dásyūn

vı́śo dā´sı̄rakr.n.orapraśastā´h. |
ábādhethāmámr.n.atam . nı́ śátrūn
ávindethāmápacitim . vádhatraih. || 4 ||

evā´ satyám. maghavānā yuvám .

tádı́ndraśca somorvámáśvyam . góh. |
ā´dardr.tamápihitānyáśnā
riricáthuh. ks.ā´ścittatr.dānā´ || 5 ||
 ✺✽✾

✶✳ ❲♦✉❧❞ Indra✱ ❥♦✐♥❡❞ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡❡✱

❬❛♥❞❪ ✐♥ t❤❛t ❝❛s❡ ✐♥✲t✉♥❡ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Soma✱
♠❛❦❡ t❤✐s ❢♦r ❛♥ ✐♥t❡❧❧✐❣❡♥t ♠❛♥✿ t❤❡ ✇❛t❡rs str❡❛♠✐♥❣✦
❍❡ ❦✐❧❧❡❞ t❤❡ s♥❛❦❡✱ r❡❧❡❛s❡❞ s❡✈❡♥ r✐✈❡rs✱
❤❡ ✉♥❝♦✈❡r❡❞ ❛s✲✐❢✲♦❜str✉❝t❡❞ ❛♣❡rt✉r❡s✳
✷✳ ❲✐t❤ t❤❡❡ ❛s ❛ ②♦❦❡♠❛t❡✱ ✇♦✉❧❞ ❤❡✱ Indra✱
❛t t❤❛t ✈❡r② ♠♦♠❡♥t ❢♦r❝❡❢✉❧❧② ♣r❡ss ❞♦✇♥ s✉♥✬s ✇❤❡❡❧✱ ❖ Indu✱
❬t❤❛t ✐s❪ r♦❧❧✐♥❣ t❤r♦✉❣❤ ❛ ✈❛st ♣❧❛t❡❛✉✦
❆❣✐t❛t✐♥❣ ❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣ ❬❡♥❡r❣②❪ ✐s ❬t❤✉s❪ ♠♦✈❡❞ ❛✇❛②
❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ♠✐❣❤t② ❢♦❡✳
✸✳ ■♥ ❛♥ ❡♥❝♦✉♥t❡r ❜❡❢♦r❡ t❤❡ ♥♦♦♥ Indra ❞✐❞ str✐❦❡✱
Agni ❞✐❞ s❝♦r❝❤✱ ❖ Indu✱ t❤❡ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡s t♦ s✉✛❡r ✇❛♥t✳
❍❡✱ ✉s✐♥❣ ❛ ♠✐ss✐❧❡✱ s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ ♦✈❡rt❤r♦✇♥
♠❛♥② ❛ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞ ♦❢ ❬t❤❡♠❪ ✖
❛s ✐❢ s❦✐❧❧❢✉❧❧② ♠♦✈✐♥❣ ✐♥t♦ ❞✐✣❝✉❧t t♦ ❛❝❝❡ss r❡s✐❞❡♥❝❡✳

✹✳ ❖ Indra✱ ❬②♦✉ ♠❛❞❡❪ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡s t♦ s✉✛❡r ✇❛♥t

❬t♦ ❜❡❪ ❧♦✇❡r t❤❛♥ ❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣❀
②♦✉ ♠❛❞❡ ❜❧❛♠❛❜❧❡ t❤❡ ❞❡♠♦♥✐❝ tr✐❜❡s❀
②♦✉ t✇♦ ❝❤❡❝❦❡❞ ❛♥❞ ❝r✉s❤❡❞ t❤❡ ❡♥❡♠✐❡s✱
②♦✉ t✇♦ ❢♦✉♥❞ r❡❝♦♠♣❡♥s❡ ❜② ❬✉s✐♥❣❪ ❞❡❛❞❧② ✇❡❛♣♦♥s✳
✺✳ ■♥❞❡❡❞✱ ✐t✬s tr✉❡ ✖ ②♦✉ t✇♦✱ ❖ ♠✉♥✐✜❝❡♥t✱
❬t❤♦✉❪ ❛♥❞ Indra✱ ❖ Soma✱
②♦✉ ❢♦r❝❡❞ ♦♣❡♥ t❤❛t ✇✐❞❡✱ ❝♦♠✐♥❣ ❢r♦♠ ❤♦rs❡s ❬s♣❛❝❡ ❪ ♦❢ ❛ ❝♦✇✱
✶
✷
❬❛♥❞ ❛s ✐❢ ❪ ♦❜str✉❝t❡❞ ❜② t❤❡ st♦♥❡ ❬❛♣❡rt✉r❡s ❪❀
②♦✉ t✇♦ ❤❛✈❡ ❧❡❢t ❜❡❤✐♥❞ ❡✈❡♥ ❜❡❝♦♠✐♥❣ ♣✐❡r❝❡❞ ❊❛rt❤✳

❚❤✐s ❤②♠♥ ❝❛♥ ❜❡ s♣❧✐t ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ❝♦♥t❡♥t ✐♥t♦ t✇♦ ♣❛rts✿
✶✕✸✱ ✹✕✺✳ ❆❧❧ ✈❡rs❡s ❛❞❞r❡ss t❤❡ ✐♥♥❡r Soma ❛♥❞ Indra✳ ❱❡rs❡s ✶
❛♥❞ ✷ ♠❡♥t✐♦♥ ❡①tr❛❝t ♦❢ Soma ♣❧❛♥t ❛sSoma ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥✳

❚❤❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥ ✏✇♦✉❧❞ ❤❡ ♣r❡ss ❞♦✇♥ s✉♥✬s ✇❤❡❡❧ ✳✳✳ ❬t❤❛t ✐s❪ r♦❧❧✐♥❣
t❤r♦✉❣❤ ❛ ✈❛st ♣❧❛t❡❛✉✑ ❝❛♥ ❜❡ ✐♥t❡r♣r❡t❡❞ ❛s ❡①❤♦rt❛t✐♦♥ t♦ r❡✇✐♥❞
t❤❡ t✐♠❡ ❜❛❝❦ ✇❤❡♥ t❤❡ ♣♦❡t ✇❛s ②♦✉♥❣✱ ♦r✱ ❛❧t❡r♥❛t✐✈❡❧②✱ t♦ ❡✛❡❝t
t❤❡ st❛t❡ ♦❢ ♣s②❝❤❡t❛❝❤✐❛✳

✶ varivas
✷ khā
´ni ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✹✳✷✽✳✶❞
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✹✳✷✾

Vāmadeva Gautama | Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra

ā´ na stutá úpa vā´jebhirūt´ı̄

ı́ndra yāhı́ háribhirmandasānáh. |
tiráścidaryáh. sávanā purū´n.yāṅgūs.ébhir
gr.n.ānáh. satyárādhāh. || 1 ||

ā´ hı́ .smā yā´ti náryaścikitvā´n

hūyámānah. sotŕ.bhirúpa yajñám |
sváśvo yó ábhı̄rurmányamānah.
sus.vān.ébhirmádati sám . ha vı̄ráıh. || 2 ||

śrāváyédasya kárn.ā vājayádhyai

. mandayádhyai |
jús..tāmánu prá dı́śam
udvāvr..sān.ó rā´dhase túvis.mān
káranna ı́ndrah. sutı̄rthā´bhayam . ca || 3 ||

áchā yó gántā nā´dhamānamūt´ı̄

itthā´ vı́pram
. hávamānam . gr.n.ántam |
úpa tmáni dádhāno dhuryā`śū´n
sahásrān.i śatā´ni vájrabāhuh. || 4 ||

tvótāso maghavannindra vı́prā

vayám . te syāma sūráyo gr.n.ántah. |
bhejānā´so br.háddivasya rāyá
ākāyyàsya dāváne puruks.óh. || 5 ||
 ✺✾✶

✶✳ ❍❡r❡✱ t♦✇❛r❞s ✉s✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❜❡✐♥❣ ♣r❛✐s❡❞✱

❥♦✉r♥❡② ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ t❤❡ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s✶
t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ r✉s❤❡s ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r ❬❛♥❞❪ ❤❡❧♣✱
❡①❛❧t✐♥❣ ❡✈❡♥ ✇✐t❤♦✉t ♠❛♥② ♣r❡ss✐♥❣s
♦❢ t❤❡ r✐s✐♥❣ ✉♣✇❛r❞s ♦♥❡✷
❡①t♦❧❧❡❞ ❜② ♣r❛✐s✐♥❣ ❬s♦♥❣s❪✱
❬❜❡✐♥❣❪ ♦♥❡ ✇❤♦s❡ s❛t✐s❢❛❝t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ♦♥❡✬s ❞❡s✐r❡ ✐s r❡❛❧✳
✷✳ ❙✐♥❝❡ ❤❡✱ ♠❛♥❧②✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ♥♦t✐❝❡❞ ❬t❤❡ ♣r❛✐s✐♥❣❪✱ ❝♦♠❡s ❤❡r❡✱
❜❡✐♥❣ ❝❛❧❧❡❞ ❜② ♣r❡ss❡rs ❬♦❢ Soma❪ ❬t♦ ❜❡❪ ♥❡❛r t❤❡ ✜r❡ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣✱
♦♥❡✸ ✱ ✇❤♦✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❡①❝❡❧❧❡♥t ❤♦rs❡s✱ ❝♦♥s✐❞❡rs ❤✐♠s❡❧❢ ❢❡❛r❧❡ss✱
❡①✉❧ts t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ✇❡❧❧✲♣r❡ss✐♥❣ ❬Soma❪ ❤❡r♦❡s✳
✸✳ ▼❛❦❡ ❤✐s ❡❛rs ❧✐st❡♥ t♦ ❝❛✉s❡ ❛ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r
t♦ ❝❛✉s❡ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t✐♦♥ ❛❧♦♥❣ t❤❡ ✉s✉❛❧ r♦✉t❡✹ ✦
❘❛✐♥✐♥❣ ✉♣✇❛r❞s✺ ❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ s❛t✐s❢❛❝t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ♦♥❡✬s ❞❡s✐r❡✱
❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r ♦❢ ❝♦♥tr♦❧✱
Indra s❤❛❧❧ ❝r❡❛t❡ ❢♦r ✉s ❡❛s② ♣❛ss❛❣❡s ❛♥❞ ❢❡❛r❧❡ss♥❡ss✳
✹✳ ❍❡ ✇❤♦ ✐s ❝♦♠✐♥❣ ✇✐t❤ ❤❡❧♣ t♦✇❛r❞s ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ✐s ❛s❦✐♥❣ ❢♦r ❤❡❧♣
t❤✉s✱ ❬❝♦♠✐♥❣ t♦❪ ✐♥s♣✐r❡❞ ❬❢♦r ❤✐s s❛❦❡❪✱
❝❛❧❧✐♥❣ ✉♣♦♥ ❬❤✐♠❪✱ ❡①t♦❧❧✐♥❣ ❬♠❛♥❪✱
❬✇❤♦ ✐s❪ ✜①✐♥❣ t♦ t❤❡ ♣♦❧❡✻ ✐♥ ❤✐♠s❡❧❢ ♠♦✈✐♥❣ q✉✐❝❦❧② ❬❤♦rs❡s❪✱
❬❤❡✱❪ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲✐♥✲❛r♠s✱
❬s❧❛②s❪ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞s ❬❛♥❞❪ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞s ❬Vr.tra✲s❪✳
✺✳ ❍❡❧♣❡❞ ❜② t❤❡❡✱ ❖ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s Indra✱ ✇❡✱ ❡①t♦❧❧✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡❡❪
✐♥st✐t✉t♦rs ♦❢ t❤❡ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡ ❝♦✉❧❞ ❜❡ ✐♥s♣✐r❡❞ ❢♦r t❤② s❛❦❡✱
❬✇❡✱❪ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ♣❛rt♦♦❦ ♦❢ ✈❛st ❛s t❤❡ s❦② tr❡❛s✉r❡
✐♥ ♦r❞❡r t♦ r❡❝❡✐✈❡ ❞❡s✐r❛❜❧❡ ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥t ♦♥❡✳

✶ ❞r♦♣s ♦❢ Soma
✷ ✐♥♥❡r Soma
✸ ❛ ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡r
✹ ❧✐t✳ ✏✉s✉❛❧ ❞✐r❡❝t✐♦♥✑
✺ ♣r♦❜✳ ✏♣♦✉r✐♥❣ udāna✑
✻ ❂t❤❡ s♣✐♥❡
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✹✳✸✵

Vāmadeva Gautama | ✶✕✼✱ ✾✕✷✸ Gāyatrı̄✱ ✽✱ ✷✹ Anus..tubh | t♦ Indra

nákirindra tvádúttaro ná jyā´yām̃

. asti vr.trahan |
nákirevā´ yáthā tvám || 1 ||

satrā´ te ánu kr..s.táyo vı́śvā cakréva vāvr.tuh. |

satrā´ mahā´m̃
. asi śrutáh. || 2 ||

vı́śve canédanā´ tvā devā´sa indra yuyudhuh. |

yádáhā náktamā´tirah. || 3 ||

. kútsāya yúdhyate |
yátrotá bādhitébhyaścakrám
mus.āyá indra sū´ryam || 4 ||

yátra devā´m̃ . áyudhya éka ı́t |

. .rghāyató vı́śvām̃
tvámindra vanū´m̃. ráhan || 5 ||

yátrotá mártyāya kámárin.ā indra sū´ryam |

prā´vah. śácı̄bhirétaśam || 6 ||

kı́mā´dutā´si vr.trahanmághavanmanyumáttamah. |
átrā´ha dā´numā´tirah. || 7 ||

etádghédutá vı̄ryàmı́ndra cakártha paum´ . syam |

strı́yam
. yáddurhan . āyúvam
. . diváh. || 8 ||
vádhı̄rduhitáram

diváścidghā duhitáram. mahā´nmahı̄yámānām |

us.ā´samindra sám
. . ak || 9 ||
pin

ápos.ā´ ánasah. saratsámpis..tādáha bibhyús.ı̄ |

nı́ yátsı̄m. śiśnáthadvŕ..sā || 10 ||

. vı́pāśyā´ |
etádasyā ánah. śaye súsampis..tam
´ . parāvátah. || 11 ||
sasāra sı̄m
 ✺✾✸

✶✳ ◆♦ ♦♥❡ ❬✐s❪ s✉♣❡r✐♦r t♦ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Indra✱

♥♦ ♠♦r❡ ♦♣♣r❡ss✐✈❡ ❬t❤❛♥ t❤❡❡❪ t❤❡r❡ ✐s✱ ❖ s❧❛②❡r ♦❢ Vr.tra✦
♥♦ ♦♥❡ ❬✐s❪ ❡①❛❝t❧② ❧✐❦❡ t❤❡❡✳
✷✳ ❋♦❧❧♦✇✐♥❣ t❤② ❬❧❡❛❞❪ ❧✐❦❡ ❛❧❧ ✇❤❡❡❧s ❬♦❢ ❛ ❝❛rt ❢♦❧❧♦✇ t❤❡ ❤♦rs❡❪✱
tr✐❜❡s ❛❧✇❛②s ❢✉♥❝t✐♦♥ t♦❣❡t❤❡r✳
❚❤♦✉ ❛r❡ ❛❧✇❛②s ❢❛♠❡❞ ❛s t❤❡ ♠✐❣❤t② ♦♥❡✳
✖✖
✸✳ ◆♦t ❡✈❡♥ ❛❧❧ deva✲s ❬t♦❣❡t❤❡r❪
❤❛✈❡ ♦♣♣♦s❡❞ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❜❡❝❛✉s❡ ♦❢ t❤✐s ✖
t❤❛t t❤r♦✉❣❤♦✉t ❬s❡✈❡r❛❧❪ ❞❛②s t❤♦✉ ♦✈❡r❝❛♠❡ t❤❡ ♥✐❣❤t✳
✹✳ ❆♥❞ ✇❤❡♥ ♦♥ ❜❡❤❛❧❢ ♦❢ ❤❛r❞✲♣r❡ss❡❞ ♦♥❡✱ ♦❢ Kutsa✱
♦♥❡ ✜❣❤ts ❛ ❝✐r❝❧❡ ❬♦❢ ❡♥❡♠✐❡s❪✱
t❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ r♦❜ t❤❡ ❙✉♥ ❬♦❢ ✐ts ✇❤❡❡❧❪✳
✺✳ ❲❤❡♥ t❤♦✉ ❛❧❧✲❛❧♦♥❡ ❢♦✉❣❤t
❛❧❧ ♦❢ t❤❡ r❛✈✐♥❣ deva✲s✱
t❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ ✇❛r❞❡❞ ♦✛ t❤❡ ❛ss❛✐❧❛♥ts✳
✻✳ ❆♥❞ ✇❤❡♥ ❢♦r ❥✉st ❛ ♠♦rt❛❧
t❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❞✐❞ ❧❡t ❣♦ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❙✉♥✱
✇✐t❤ ♣♦✇❡r❢✉❧ ❛✐❞s t❤♦✉ ♣r♦t❡❝t❡❞ t❤❡ ✢✐❝❦❡r✐♥❣ ♦♥❡✳
✖✖
✼✳ ❆♥❞ ✇❤② ❛❢t❡r✇❛r❞s t❤♦✉✱ ❖ s❧❛②❡r ♦❢ Vr.tra✱
❛r❡ t❤❡ ♠♦st ❡♥r❛❣❡❞ ♦♥❡✱ ❖ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡❄
❚❤♦✉ ❞✐❞ ♦✈❡r❝♦♠❡ t❤❡r❡ t❤❡ ♣❡r♠✐ss✐✈❡ ♦♥❡❬♦♥❡ ❪✳ ✶
✖✖
✽✳ ❆♥❞ ❡✈❡♥ t❤✐s ✈❡r② ❞❡❡❞ ♦❢ ✈❛❧♦r✱
❖ Indra✱ t❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ♣❡r❢♦r♠❡❞ ❛s ❛ ♠❛♥❧② ❞❡❡❞ ✖
✇❤❡♥ t❤♦✉ ❤❛❞ t♦ ❞❡❢❡❛t
❝♦♥t❡♠♣❧❛t✐♥❣✲❤❛r♠ ❢❡♠❛❧❡✱ t❤❡ ❞❛✉❣❤t❡r ♦❢ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ✳ ✷
✾✳ ❚❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❤❛❞ t♦ s❤❛tt❡r
t❤❡ ❞❛✉❣❤t❡r ♦❢ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥✱
❬t❤♦✉✱❪ ♠✐❣❤t②✱ ❬❤❛❞ t♦ s❤❛tt❡r❪ t❤❡ ❤✐❣❤✲s♣✐r✐t❡❞ ❉❛✇♥✳
✶✵✳ ❈❡rt❛✐♥❧② ❢r✐❣❤t❡♥❡❞✱ t❤❡ ❉❛✇♥ s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ s❧✐❞ ♦✛
t❤❡ s❤❛tt❡r❡❞ ❝❛rt ✸
✇❤❡♥ t❤❡ ❜✉❧❧ ♣❡♥❡tr❛t❡❞ ❤❡r✳
✶✶✳ ❚❤✐s ❤❡r ❝❛rt ❧✐❡s✱
t❤♦r♦✉❣❤❧② s❤❛tt❡r❡❞ ✐♥ Vipāś ✹
✐t ❤❛s ✢♦✇♥ t♦✇❛r❞s ✐t ❢r♦♠ ❛ ❞✐st❛♥❝❡✳
✶ t❤❡ s♥❛❦❡ ✖ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✷✳✶✷✳✶✶❝
✷ ❤❡r❡ ✏t❤❡ ❞❛✉❣❤t❡r ♦❢ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥✑ ♠❡❛♥s ✏❧✐✈✐♥❣ ❜② ❢❛♥t❛s✐❡s✑
✸ ❤❡r❡ ✏❝❛rt✑ ❂ ✏❡①♣❡❝t❛t✐♦♥s t❤❛t ❣✉✐❞❡ ♣❡rs♦♥✬s ❞❛✐❧② ❧✐❢❡✑
✹ t❤❡ ❞r✐✈❡ t♦ ❝❧❡❛r t❤❡ s♣❛❝❡ ✇✐t❤✐♥ ❛♥❞ t❤❡ s♣❛❝❡ ✇✐t❤♦✉t ❢r♦♠ ❝♦♥str❛✐♥ts
✺✾✹

utá sı́ndhum . vitasthānā´mádhi ks.ámi |

. vibālyàm
pári .s.thā indra māyáyā || 12 ||

utá śús.n.asya dhr..sn.uyā´ prá mr.ks.o abhı́ védanam |

púro yádasya sampin.ák || 13 ||

utá dāsám . br.hatáh. párvatādádhi |

. kaulitarám
ávāhannindra śámbaram || 14 ||

utá dāsásya varcı́nah. sahásrān.i śatā´vadhı̄h. |

ádhi páñca pradh´ı̄m̃
. riva || 15 ||

utá tyám . śatákratuh. |

. putrámagrúvah. párāvr.ktam
ukthés.vı́ndra ā´bhajat || 16 ||

utá tyā´ turváśāyádū asnātā´rā śácı̄pátih. |

ı́ndro vidvā´m̃
. apārayat || 17 ||

utá tyā´ sadyá ā´ryā saráyorindra pārátah. |

árn.ācitrárathāvadhı̄h. || 18 ||

ánu dvā´ jahitā´ nayo ′ndhám . ca vr.trahan |

. śron.ám
ná tátte sumnámás..tave || 19 ||

śatámaśmanmáyı̄nām . purā´mı́ndro vyā`syat |

dı́vodāsāya dāśús.e || 20 ||

ásvāpayaddabh´ı̄taye sahásrā trim . háthaih. |

. śátam
dāsā´nāmı́ndro māyáyā || 21 ||
 ✺✾✺

✶✷✳ ❆♥❞ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ ❤✐♥❞❡r❡❞

✉s✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❢r❛♠❡ ❬❝♦❣♥✐t✐♦♥❪
t❤❡ str❡❛♠ Vibālı̄ ✺
t❤❛t s♣r❡❛❞ ♦✈❡r t❤❡ ❣r♦✉♥❞✻ ✳
✖✖
✶✸✳ ❆♥❞ t❤♦✉ ❞❛r✐♥❣❧② ♠❡♥t❛❧❧② t♦✉❝❤❡❞
t❤❡ s❡♥s❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ Śus.n.a
✇❤❡♥ ✐♥ ✐ts ♣r❡s❡♥❝❡ t❤♦✉ s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ ❝r✉s❤❡❞ ✐t✳
✶✹✳ ❆♥❞ t❤♦✉ ❞✐❞ ❞r✐✈❡ ♦✛ Śambara ✖
t❤❡ ♠♦st r❡❧❛t❡❞ t♦ ❛ ❢❛♠✐❧② ❞❡♠♦♥ ✖
❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ♠❛ss② ❦♥♦tt② ♦♥❡✳
✶✺✳ ❆♥❞ t❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ❞❡str♦②❡❞ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞s✱ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞s
❜❡❧♦♥❣✐♥❣ t♦ ❞❡♠♦♥ Varcin ✖
❬❄❪ ❬t❤❛t ❛r❡❪ ❧✐❦❡ ❢❡❧❧✐❡s ✉♣♦♥ t❤❡ ✜✈❡ ❬✇❤❡❡❧s ♦❢ s❡♥s❡s ✭❄✮❪
✖✖
✶✻✳ ❆♥❞ t❤❛t r❡❥❡❝t❡❞ s♦♥ ♦❢ ✉♥✇❡❞ ❣✐r❧✱
Indra✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❛ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ✇✐❧❡s✱
♠❛❞❡ t♦ ♣❛rt❛❦❡ ✐♥ r❡❝✐t❛t✐♦♥s✳
✶✼✳ ❆♥❞ t❤♦s❡ t✇♦✱ Turvaśa ❬❛♥❞❪ Yadu
✇❤♦ ❛r❡ ♥♦ ❜❛t❤❡rs✱ ❦♥♦✇✐♥❣ ❬t❤❛t❪ Indra✱
t❤❡ ♠❛st❡r ♦❢ ♠✐❣❤t② ❛ss✐st❛♥❝❡✱ ♠❛❞❡ ❬t❤❡♠❪ t♦ r❡s❝✉❡ ❬♦t❤❡rs❪✳
✶✽✳ ❆♥❞ t❤♦s❡ t✇♦ ❝♦♥❞✉❝t✐♥❣ ✉♣✇❛r❞s
❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ♦t❤❡r ❜❛♥❦ ♦❢ Sarayu✱
t❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❞❡❢❡❛t❡❞ ♦♥ t❤❡ s❛♠❡ ❞❛② ✖
Arn.a✕Citraratha✳
✶✾✳ ❚❤♦✉ ❣✉✐❞❡❞ ❛❧♦♥❣ t✇♦ ❛❜❛♥❞♦♥❡❞ ♦♥❡s ✖
t❤❡ ❜❧✐♥❞ ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ❧❛♠❡✱ ❖ s❧❛②❡r ♦❢ Vr.tra✱✖
♥♦t t♦ ♦❜t❛✐♥ t❤❛t t❤② ❜❡♥❡✈♦❧❡♥❝❡✼ ✳
✷✵✳ ❋♦r ✇♦rs❤✐♣✐♥❣ Divodāsa
Indra ❞✐ss❡♠❜❧❡❞
❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ♠❛❞❡ ♦❢ st♦♥❡ ✇❛❧❧s✳
✷✶✳ ■♥ ♦r❞❡r t♦ ❞❡❝❡✐✈❡✱ ❤❡ ♣✉t t♦ s❧❡❡♣ ✇✐t❤ ❜❧♦✇s
t❤✐rt② t❤♦✉s❛♥❞s ❞❡♠♦♥s ✖
❬❤❡✱❪ Indra ✉s✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❢r❛♠❡ ❬❝♦❣♥✐t✐♦♥❪✳
✖✖

✺ ♣r♦❜✳ ✏s♣r❡❛❞✐♥❣ t❤r♦✉❣❤ t❤❡ ❜♦❞② ✇❡❛❦♥❡ss t❤❛t ❝♦✉❧❞ ❧❡❛❞ t♦ ❢❛✐♥t✐♥❣✑
✻ ❤❡r❡ ❂ ✏❜♦❞②✑
✼ t❤❛t ✐s✱ t♦ ❜❡ ❦✐❧❧❡❞ ❧✐❦❡ t✇♦ ♠❡♥ ♠❡♥t✐♦♥❡❞ ✐♥ ♣r❡✈✐♦✉s ✈❡rs❡
✺✾✻

sá ghédutā´si vr.trahansamāná indra gópatih. |

yástā´ vı́śvāni cicyus.é || 22 ||

utá nūnám
. yádindriyám . karis.yā´ indra paum
´ . syam |
´ ´
adyā nákis..tádā minat || 23 ||

vāmám
. vāmam . ta ādure devó dadātvaryamā´ |
vāmám
. pūs ´
. vāmám
ā . deváh. kárū..datı̄ || 24 ||
. bhágo vāmám
 ✺✾✼

✷✷✳ ❆♥❞ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ s❧❛②❡r ♦❢ Vr.tra✱ ❛r❡

t❤❛t s❛♠❡ ♠❛st❡r ♦❢ ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s✱ ❖ Indra✱
✇❤♦ ❤❛s st✐rr❡❞ ❛❧❧ t❤❡s❡ ❬❡✈❡♥ts❪✳
✷✸✳ ❆♥❞ t❤❡r❡❢♦r❡✱ ♥♦✇✱ ♥♦ ♦♥❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❞♦✇♥♣❧❛②
❬t❤②❪ ♣♦✇❡r ♦✈❡r ❛✛❡❝t✐♦♥s✱ t❤❡ ♠❛♥❧② ❞❡❡❞
t❤❛t t❤♦✉ ✇✐❧❧ ♣❡r❢♦r♠ ✐♥ t❤❡ ❢✉t✉r❡✱ ❖ Indra✱
✷✹✳ ▼❛② deva Aryaman ❣✐✈❡
❬✇❤❛t✬s❪ ❧♦✈❡❧✐❡r✲t❤❛♥✲❧♦✈❡❧② t♦ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ ❛tt❡♥t✐✈❡ ♦♥❡✱
❬♠❛②❪ Pūs.an ❬❣✐✈❡ ✇❤❛t✬s❪ ❧♦✈❡❧②✱
❬♠❛②❪ Bhaga ❬❣✐✈❡ ✇❤❛t✬s❪ ❧♦✈❡❧②
❬♠❛②❪ ❤❛✈✐♥❣✲❣❛♣s✲✐♥✲t❡❡t❤ deva ❬❣✐✈❡ ✇❤❛t✬s❪ ❧♦✈❡❧②✳
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✹✳✸✶

Vāmadeva Gautama | Gāyatrı̄ | t♦ Indra

káyā naścitrá ā´ bhuvadūt´ı̄ sadā´vr.dhah. sákhā |

káyā śácis..thayā vr.tā´ || 1 ||

kástvā satyó mádānām . mám . his..tho matsadándhasah. |

dr...dhā´ cidārúje vásu || 2 ||

abh´ı̄ .sú n.ah. sákhı̄nāmavitā´ jaritr̄.n.ā´m |

. bhavāsyūtı́bhih. || 3 ||
śatám

abh´ı̄ na ā´ vavr.tsva cakrám. ná vr.ttámárvatah. |

niyúdbhiścars.an.ı̄nā´m || 4 ||

pravátā hı́ krátūnāmā´ hā padéva gáchasi |

ábhaks.i sū´rye sácā || 5 ||

sám
. yátta indra manyávah. sám. cakrā´n.i dadhanviré |
ádha tvé ádha sū´rye || 6 ||

utá smā hı́ tvā´māhúrı́nmaghávānam

. śacı̄pate |
dā´tāramávidı̄dhayum || 7 ||

utá smā sadyá ı́tpári śaśamānā´ya sunvaté |

purū´ cinmam. hase vásu || 8 ||

. caná rā´dho váranta āmúrah. |

nahı́ .smā te śatám
ná cyautnā´ni karis.yatáh. || 9 ||

asmā´m̃
. avantu te śatámasmā´nsahásramūtáyah. |
asmā´nvı́śvā abhı́s..tayah. || 10 ||
 ✺✾✾

✶✳ ❲✐t❤ ✇❤❛t ❛✐❞ ❛❧✇❛②s✲str❡♥❣t❤❡♥✐♥❣ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥

✇♦✉❧❞ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❝♦♥s♣✐❝✉♦✉s t♦ ✉s❄
❲✐t❤ ✇❤❛t tr♦♦♣ t❤❛t ✐s ❜❡st ❛t ❛ss✐st✐♥❣❄
✷✳ ❲❤✐❝❤ r❡❛❧ ♠♦st ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥t
✶
❛♠♦♥❣ ❬❛❧❧❪ ✐♥t♦①✐❝❛t✐♥❣ ❞r✐♥❦s s❤❛❧❧ ❡①✉❧t t❤❡❡❄
❏✉st t♦ ❞❡♠♦❧✐s❤ str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞s ✖
t❤❡ ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧ ❬❡①tr❛❝t❪ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❤❡r❜ ✖
✸✳ s♦ t❤❛t t❤♦✉✱ ❜❡✐♥❣ ❛ ♣r♦♠♦t❡r ♦❢ ♦✉r ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s ❬❛♥❞❪ ♣r❛✐s❡rs✱
s❤❛❧❧ ❡❛s✐❧② ♦✈❡r♣♦✇❡r ❬t❤❡ str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞s❪
❜② ✉s✐♥❣ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❛✐❞✐♥❣✳
✖✖
✹✳ ❚✉r♥ t❤②s❡❧❢ ❤❡r❡✱ t♦✇❛r❞s ✉s ✖
❛s s❡t ✐♥ ♠♦t✐♦♥ ✇❤❡❡❧ t♦✇❛r❞s ❝♦✉rs❡rs ✖
✇✐t❤ t❡❛♠s ♦❢ t❤♦s❡ t❤❛t ❞r❛✇ t♦ t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s ✳ ✷
✺✳ ❙✐♥❝❡ ❛❧♦♥❣ t❤❡ s❧♦♣❡ ♦❢ ❬♠②❪ s❦✐❧❧s
t❤♦✉ ♠♦✈❡ ❛s ✐❢ ♦♥ ❢♦♦t
■ ❛♠ ❡♥❥♦②✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡ ❡①tr❛❝t ♦❢ t❤❡ ❤❡r❜❪
✐♥ t❤❡ ♣r❡s❡♥❝❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ s✉♥✳
✻✳ ❲❤❡♥ ❢♦r t❤② s❛❦❡✱ ❖ Indra✱
♣❛ss✐♦♥s r✉♥ t♦❣❡t❤❡r✱ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ❝❛❦r❛s
t❤❡♥ ■ ❬✇♦✉❧❞ ❡♥❥♦② t❤❡ ❡①tr❛❝t ♦❢ t❤❡ ❤❡r❜❪ ✐♥ t❤② ❬♣r❡s❡♥❝❡❪
❛s ❬■ ❞♦ ♥♦✇❪ ✐♥ ❬t❤❡ ♣r❡s❡♥❝❡ ♦❢❪ s✉♥✳
✖✖
✼✳ ❆♥❞ s✐♥❝❡ t❤❡② s✉r❡❧② ❝♦♥s✐❞❡r t❤❡❡
❛ss✉r❡❞❧② ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s✱ ❖ ♠❛st❡r ♦❢ ♠✐❣❤t② ❛ss✐st❛♥❝❡✱
❬❛♥❞❪ ✉♥❤❡s✐t❛t✐♥❣ ❣✐✈❡r✱
✽✳ ❛♥❞ ❬t❤❛t❪ s✉r❡❧② ♦♥ t❤❡ s❛♠❡ ❞❛②
t❤♦✉ ❢✉❧❧② ❣r❛♥t ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥t ✇❡❛❧t❤
t♦ ❡①❡rt✐♥❣ ❤✐♠s❡❧❢✱ ♣r❡ss✐♥❣ ♦✉t ❬Soma❪ ❬♠❛♥❪✱
✾✳ s✐♥❝❡ ♥♦t ❡✈❡♥ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ❞❡❛❞❧② ❬❡♥❡♠✐❡s❪
❬✇♦✉❧❞❪ ♣r❡✈❡♥t s❛t✐s❢❛❝t✐♦♥ ♦❢ t❤② ❞❡s✐r❡✱
♥♦r ❬t❤❡✐r❪ ❝♦♥tr✐✈❛♥❝❡s ❬✇✐❧❧ ❤✐♥❞❡r❪ t❤♦s❡ ✇❤♦ ✇✐❧❧ ❜❡ ❞♦✐♥❣ ❬✐t❪✱
✶✵✳ ♠❛② ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ t❤② ❛✐❞s ❤❡❧♣ ✉s✱
t❤♦✉s❛♥❞ ❬♦❢ t❤❡♠ ❤❡❧♣❪ ✉s✱
❛❧❧ ❬t❤②❪ ❛ss✐st❛♥❝❡s ❬❤❡❧♣❪ ✉s✦
✖✖

✶ ✏❤❛✈✐♥❣ ♣❤②s✐❝❛❧ s✉❜st❛♥❝❡✑

✷ t❤❡ s❡♥s❡s
✻✵✵

asmā´m̃
. ihā´ vr.n.ı̄s.va sakhyā´ya svastáye |
mahó rāyé divı́tmate || 11 ||

asmā´m̃
. avid.d.hi viśváhéndra rāyā´ párı̄n.asā |
´
asmānvı́śvābhirūtı́bhih. || 12 ||

asmábhyam . tā´m̃
. ápā vr.dhi vrajā´m̃
. ásteva gómatah. |
návābhirindrotı́bhih. || 13 ||

asmā´kam
. dhr..sn.uyā´ rátho dyumā´m̃
. indrā´napacyutah. |
gavyúraśvayúrı̄yate || 14 ||

asmā´kamuttamám . kr.dhi śrávo devés.u sūrya |

. dyā´mivopári || 15 ||
várs.is..tham
 ✻✵✶

✶✶✳ ❈❤♦♦s❡ ✉s ✐♥ t❤✐s ❝❛s❡

❢♦r ❛ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s❤✐♣✱ ❢♦r ❛ ✇❡❧❧✲❜❡✐♥❣✱
❢♦r t❤❡ ❤❡❛✈❡♥❧② tr❡❛s✉r❡ ✖ q✉✐❝❦❧②✦
✶✷✳ ❆t ❛❧❧ t✐♠❡s ❢❛✈♦✉r ✉s✱
❖ Indra✱ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡ ✐♥ ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥❝❡✱
✉s ✖ ✇✐t❤ ❛❧❧ ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❛✐❞✐♥❣✦
✶✸✳ ❋♦r ✉s ❞♦ ✉♥❝♦✈❡r ❛s ❛ s❤♦♦t❡r ❬✇♦✉❧❞❪
t❤♦s❡ r✐❝❤ ✐♥ ❝♦✇s ❡♥❝❧♦s✉r❡s
❛❧♦♥❣ ✇✐t❤ ♥❡✇❡st ❛✐❞s✱ ❖ Indra✦
✶✹✳ ❖✉r s♣❧❡♥❞✐❞ ♥♦t✲t♦✲❜❡✲❞✐✈❡rt❡❞ ❝❤❛r✐♦t✱ ❖ Indra✱
❞❛r✐♥❣❧② ♠♦✈❡s ❛❣❛✐♥ ❛♥❞ ❛❣❛✐♥✱
s❡❡❦✐♥❣ ❝♦✇s✱ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ ❤♦rs❡s✳
✶✺✳ ▼❛❦❡ ♦✉r ❛✉❞✐t♦r② ✐♠♣r❡ss✐♦♥ ♣r✐♥❝✐♣❛❧✱
♠♦st str❡♥❣t❤❡♥❡❞ ♠✐❞st deva✲s✱ ❖ ❙✉♥✱
❛s ✐❢ ❛❜♦✈❡ t❤❡ ❤✐❣❤❡st ❍❡❛✈❡♥✦
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✹✳✸✷

ā´ tū´ na indra vr.trahannasmā´kamardhámā´ gahi |

mahā´nmah´ı̄bhirūtı́bhih. || 1 ||

bhŕ.miścidghāsi tū´tujirā´ citra citrı́n.ı̄s.vā´ |

. kr.n.os.yūtáye || 2 ||
citrám

dabhrébhiścicháśı̄yām
. sam . si vrā´dhantamójasā |
. hám
sákhibhiryé tvé sácā || 3 ||

. tvābhı́ nonumah. |
vayámindra tvé sácā vayám
asmā´m̃ . ı́dúdava || 4 ||
. asmām̃

sá naścitrā´bhiradrivo ′navadyā´bhirūtı́bhih. |

ánādhr..s.tābhirā´ gahi || 5 ||

bhūyā´mo .sú tvā´vatah. sákhāya indra gómatah. |

yújo vā´jāya ghŕ..svaye || 6 ||

. hyéka ´ı̄śis.a ı́ndra vā´jasya gómatah. |

tvám
sá no yandhi mah´ı̄mı́s.am || 7 ||

ná tvā varante anyáthā yáddı́tsasi stutó maghám |

stotŕ.bhya indra girvan.ah. || 8 ||

abhı́ tvā gótamā girā´nūs.ata prá dāváne |

ı́ndra vā´jāya ghŕ..svaye || 9 ||

prá te vocāma vı̄ryā` yā´ mandasāná ā´rujah. |

púro dā´sı̄rabh´ı̄tya || 10 ||

tā´ te gr.n.anti vedháso yā´ni cakártha paum

´ . syā |
sutés.vindra girvan.ah. || 11 ||
 ✻✵✸

✶✳ ◆♦✇✱ ❝♦♠❡ t♦ ✉s✱ t♦ ♦✉r s✐❞❡✱

❖ s❧❛②✐♥❣✲Vrtra Indra✱
♠✐❣❤t②✱ ✇✐t❤. ♣♦t❡♥t ❛✐❞s✳
✷✳ ❊♥❞❡❛✈♦r✐♥❣ ✐♥❞❡❡❞ ❬t♦ ❤❡❧♣❪✱
t❤♦✉ ❛r❡ ❛❜❧❡ t♦ ❢♦❝✉s ❬♦♥ s❡♣❛r❛t❡ ❝❧❛s❤❡s❪✱
❖ ♠❛♥✐❢♦❧❞ ♦♥❡✦ ■♥ ✈❛r✐♦✉s ❬❝❧❛s❤❡s ❪
✸
t❤♦✉ ❡✛❡❝t ✇✐t❤ ❬t❤②❪ ❛✐❞s ♥♦t✐❝❡❛❜❧❡ ❬❤❡❧♣❪✳
✸✳ ❊✈❡♥ ✇✐t❤ ❢❡✇ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s ✇❤♦ ❛r❡ ✐♥ t❤② ♣r❡s❡♥❝❡
t❤♦✉ s❧❛② ✉s✐♥❣ ❬t❤②❪ ✈✐❣♦✉r
♠♦st ♥✉♠❡r♦✉s r❡✐♥❢♦r❝✐♥❣ ❬❡❛❝❤ ♦t❤❡r ❡♥❡♠✐❡s❪✳
✖✖
✹✳ ❲❡ ❬❛r❡❪ ✐♥ t❤② ♣r❡s❡♥❝❡✱
✇❡ ✜♥❞ ♦✉r ✇❛② ❛❣❛✐♥ ❛♥❞ ❛❣❛✐♥ t♦✇❛r❞s t❤❡❡✱
✉s✱ ♦♥❧② ✉s ❢❛✈♦✉r ❬t♦ r✐s❡ t♦ t❤❡ t❛s❦❪✳
✺✳ ❙✉❝❤ t❤♦✉✱ ✇✐t❤ ♥♦t✐❝❡❛❜❧❡
❢❛✉❧t❧❡ss ✉♥❝♦♥str❛✐♥❡❞ ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❤❡❧♣✐♥❣✱
❝♦♠❡ t♦ ✉s✱ ❖ st♦♥❡✲✇✐❡❧❞❡r✦
✻✳ ❲♦✉❧❞ ✇❡ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s ♦❢ ❬s♦♠❡♦♥❡❪ ❧✐❦❡ t❤❡❡✱
❖ Indra✱ ❬s♦♠❡♦♥❡❪ r✐❝❤✲✐♥✲❝♦✇s ❀
✹
❬✇♦✉❧❞ ✇❡ ❜❡❝♦♠❡❪ ②♦❦❡❞ ❬❜② ❤✐♠❪
❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ t❤r✐❧❧✲✐♥❞✉❝✐♥❣ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✦
✖✖
✼✳ ❙✐♥❝❡ ♦♥❧② t❤♦✉ ❛r❡ t❤❡ ♠❛st❡r✱ ❖ Indra✱
♦❢ r✐❝❤✲✐♥✲❝♦✇s r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱
❬❜❡✐♥❣❪ s✉❝❤✱ ❡①t❡♥❞ ❢♦r ✉s t❤❡ ♣♦t❡♥t ❧✐❜❛t✐♦♥✳
✽✳ ❚❤❡② ❞♦ ♥♦t ❝♦♥❝❡❛❧ t❤❡❡ ❢r♦♠ ❛♥♦t❤❡r ♠♦t✐✈❡ ✖
❧♦♥❣✐♥❣ ❢♦r ❛ s♦♥❣✱ ❖ Indra✱ t❤♦✉✱ ❜❡✐♥❣ ❡✉❧♦❣✐③❡❞✱
❛r❡ r❡❛❞② t♦ ❜❡st♦✇ r❡✇❛r❞ ✉♣♦♥ ♣r❛✐s❡rs✳
✾✳ Gotama✲s ❢♦✉♥❞ t❤❡✐r ✇❛② t♦✇❛r❞s t❤❡❡ ✇✐t❤ ❛ ❝❤❛♥t ✖
✉♣❢r♦♥t ✐♥ ♦r❞❡r t♦ r❡❝❡✐✈❡ ❬t❤❡ r❡✇❛r❞❪✱
❖ Indra✱ ❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ t❤r✐❧❧✲✐♥❞✉❝✐♥❣ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✳
✖✖
✶✵✳ ❲❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡ ♣r♦❝❧❛✐♠✐♥❣ t❤② ❞❡❡❞s ♦❢ ✈❛❧♦r ✖
✇❤✐❝❤ ✜❡♥❞✐s❤ ❢♦rtr❡ss❡s t❤♦✉✱ ❡①❛❧t✐♥❣✱
❞❡♠♦❧✐s❤❡❞ ❝♦♠✐♥❣ t♦✇❛r❞s ❬t❤❡♠❪✳
✶✶✳ ❉✉r✐♥❣ Soma ❧✐❜❛t✐♦♥s ❛❞❡♣ts ❡①t♦❧
t❤♦s❡ t❤② ❬❞❡❡❞s❪ t❤❛t t❤♦✉ ♣❡r❢♦r♠❡❞ ❛s ♠❛♥❧② ❞❡❡❞s✱
❖ ❧♦♥❣✐♥❣ ❢♦r ❛ s♦♥❣ Indra✦
✸ samrtisu
. .
✹ ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s
✻✵✹

ávı̄vr.dhanta gótamā ı́ndra tvé stómavāhasah. |

áıs.u dhā vı̄rávadyáśah. || 12 ||

yácciddhı́ śáśvatāmás´ı̄ndra sā´dhāran.astvám |

tám
. tvā vayám . havāmahe || 13 ||

arvācı̄nó vaso bhavāsmé sú matsvā´ndhasah. |

sómānāmindra somapāh. || 14 ||

asmā´kam . tvā matı̄nā´mā´ stóma indra yachatu |

arvā´gā´ vartayā hárı̄ || 15 ||

puro..dā´śam
. ca no gháso jos.áyāse gı́raśca nah. |
vadhūyúriva yós.an.ām || 16 ||

sahásram . yuktā´nāmı́ndramı̄mahe |
. vyátı̄nām
. sómasya khāryàh. || 17 ||
śatám

sahásrā te śatā´ vayám

. gávāmā´ cyāvayāmasi |
asmatrā´ rā´dha etu te || 18 ||

. hı́ran.yānāmadhı̄mahi |
dáśa te kaláśānām
bhūridā´ asi vr.trahan || 19 ||

bhū´ridā bhū´ri dehi no mā´ dabhrám

. bhū´ryā´ bhara |
´
bhūri ghédindra ditsasi || 20 ||

bhūridā´ hyási śrutáh. purutrā´ śūra vr.trahan |

ā´ no bhajasva rā´dhasi || 21 ||
 ✻✵✺

✶✷✳ ❈♦♥✈❡②✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡❡❪ ✇✐t❤ ❤②♠♥s ♦❢ ♣r❛✐s❡ Gotama✲s

❜❡❝♦♠❡ str♦♥❣❡r ✐♥ ❬t❤❡ st❛t❡ ♦❢ ❜❡✐♥❣❪ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Indra✱
t❤♦✉ s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ ♣❧❛❝❡❞ ✐♥ t❤❡♠ ❛❜♦✉♥❞✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❤❡r♦❡s ✇♦rt❤✳
✖✖
✶✸✳ ❙✐♥❝❡ t❤♦✉ ❛r❡ ❡q✉❛❧❧② s✉♣♣♦rt✐♥❣
♥✉♠❡r♦✉s ❬♣❡♦♣❧❡❪✱ ❖ Indra✱
s✉❝❤ t❤❡❡ ✇❡ ❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥✳
✶✹✳ ❇❡❝♦♠❡ t✉r♥❡❞ t♦✇❛r❞s ✉s✱ ❖ ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧ ♦♥❡✱
r❡✈❡❧ ✐♥ Soma ❤❡r❜✱
❖ ❞r✐♥❦✐♥❣ Soma Indra✦
✶✺✳ ▲❡t t❤❡ ❤②♠♥ ♦❢ ♣r❛✐s❡ ❞r❛✇ ♥❡❛r
t❤❡❡ ♦❢ ♦✉r ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❣❡st✉r❡s✱ ❖ Indra✦
▼❛❦❡ t❤❡ t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s t✉r♥ ❤✐t❤❡r✦
✖✖
✶✻✳ ❚❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ ❛❧s♦ ❡❛t ♦✉r s❛❝r✐✜❝✐❛❧ ❝❛❦❡
s♦ t❤❛t t❤♦✉ ✇♦✉❧❞ ♠❛❦❡ t❤②s❡❧❢ ❢r❡q✉❡♥t ♦✉r s♦♥❣s
❧✐❦❡ ♦♥❡ ✇❤♦ s❡❡❦s ❛ ✇✐❢❡ ❬❢r❡q✉❡♥ts❪ ❛ ♠❛✐❞❡♥ ✳
✺
✶✼✳ ❲❡ ❛s❦ Indra
❢♦r ❛ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞ ❡♠♣❧♦②❡❞ ❝❤❛♥❣❡s
❬✐♥ ❡①❝❤❛♥❣❡❪ ❢♦r ❛ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ♠❡❛s✉r❡s ♦❢ Soma✳
✶✽✳ ❲❡ ✐♥❞✉❝❡ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞s✱ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞s
♦❢ t❤② ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s ❝♦♠❡ ♥❡❛r❀
♠❛② s❛t✐s❢❛❝t✐♦♥ ♦❢ t❤② ❞❡s✐r❡ ♦❝❝✉r ❛♠♦♥❣ ✉s✦
✖✖
✶✾✳ ❲❡ ♦❜t❛✐♥❡❞ t❡♥ ❣♦❧❞❡♥ ❥❛rs ❢♦r t❤❡❡❀
t❤♦✉ ❛r❡ ❛ ❣✐✈❡r ♦❢ ♠✉❝❤✱
❖ s❧❛②❡r ♦❢ Vr.tra✦
✷✵✳ ❆ ❣✐✈❡r ♦❢ ♠✉❝❤✱ ❣✐✈❡ ❛ ❧♦t t♦ ✉s✦
❞♦ ♥♦t ❬❣✐✈❡❪ ❛ ❧✐tt❧❡✱ ❝❛rr② ❤❡r❡ ❛ ❧♦t✦
❉♦ ✐♥t❡♥❞ t♦ ❣✐✈❡ ♦♥❧② ❛ ❧♦t✱ ❖ Indra✦
✷✶✳ ❙✐♥❝❡ t❤♦✉ ❛r❡ ❢❛♠❡❞ ❛s ❛ ❣✐✈❡r ♦❢ ♠✉❝❤
✐♥ ♠❛♥② ✇❛②s✱ ❖ s❧❛②✐♥❣ Vr.tra ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱
♠❛❦❡ ✉s ♣❛rt❛❦❡ ✐♥ s❛t✐s❢❛❝t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❬t❤②❪ ❞❡s✐r❡✳
✖✖

✺ t❤✐s ✈❡rs❡ ✐s t❤❡ s❛♠❡ ❛s ✸✳✺✷✳✸

✻✵✻

prá te babhrū´ vicaks.an.a śám

. sāmi gos.an.o napāt |
mā´bhyām
. g ´
ā ánu . || 22 ||
śiśrathah

kanı̄nakéva vidradhé náve drupadé arbhaké |

babhrū´ yā´mes.u śobhete || 23 ||

′
. ma usráyāmn.é ramánusrayāmn.e |
áram
babhrū´ yā´mes.vasrı́dhā || 24 ||
 ✻✵✼

✷✷✳ ■ st✐♠✉❧❛t❡ t❤②✱ ❖ s❡❡✐♥❣ ❝❧❡❛r❧② ♦♥❡✱ t✇♦ ❜r♦✇♥✐s❤ ♦♥❡s✱

❖ ♦✛s♣r✐♥❣ ♦❢ ❣❛✐♥✐♥❣ ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s✦
❉♦ ♥♦t t❤❡r❡✉♣♦♥ ♠❛❦❡ ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s
t♦ ❜❡ ✉♥t✐❡❞ ❬❛✇❛②❪ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡s❡ t✇♦✦
✷✸✳ ▲✐❦❡ t✇♦ ②♦✉♥❣ ❜♦②s✱
❬♣❧❛②✐♥❣❪ ❛t ❥✉st ❞r❛✇♥ ♦✉t✻ s♠❛❧❧ ♣✐❧❧❛r✱
❞✉r✐♥❣ ❥♦✉r♥❡②s t❤❡ t✇♦ ❜r♦✇♥✐s❤ ♦♥❡s ❡♥❤❛♥❝❡ t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s✳
✷✹✳ ❙✉✐t❛❜❧② ❢♦r ♠❡ ❬✇❤❡♥ ■ ❛♠❪ ❥♦✉r♥❡②✐♥❣ ❛t t❤❡ ❞❛②❜r❡❛❦✱
s✉✐t❛❜❧② ❬❢♦r ♠❡❪ ❬✇❤❡♥ ■ ❛♠❪ ♥♦t ❥♦✉r♥❡②✐♥❣ ❛t t❤❡ ❞❛②❜r❡❛❦✱
t❤❡ ❜r♦✇♥✐s❤ ♦♥❡s ❛r❡ ♥♦t ❡rr✐♥❣ ❞✉r✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❥♦✉r♥❡②s✳

❱❡rs❡s ✷✷✕✷✹ r❡❧❛t❡ ❛ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ Indra ❜❡❤✐♥❞ s❡①✉❛❧ ❛r♦✉s❛❧

♦❢ ❛ ♠❛♥ ✇❤♦ s♦♠❡t✐♠❡s tr❛✈❡❧s ❛t ❛ ❞❛②❜r❡❛❦ t♦ ❡♥❣❛❣❡ ✐♥ ❛♠♦r♦✉s
♣✉rs✉✐ts✳

✻ vidradha ✐s ❡①♣❧❛✐♥❡❞ ❤❡r❡ ✇✐t❤ vikus.itādhobhāga ❢♦❧❧♦✇✐♥❣ Durga✬s ❝♦♠✲

♠❡♥t❛r②
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✹✳✹✶

Vāmadeva Gautama | Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra ❛♥❞ Varun.a

ı́ndrā kó vām
. varun.ā sumnámāpa
stómo havı́s.mām̃ . amŕ.to ná hótā |
yó vām hr
. . dı́ krátumā m̃
. asmáduktáh.
paspárśadindrāvarun.ā námasvān || 1 ||

ı́ndrā ha yó várun.ā cakrá āp´ı̄

devau´ mártah. sakhyā´ya práyasvān |
sá hanti vr.trā´ samithés.u śátrūn
ávobhirvā mahádbhih. sá prá śr.n.ve || 2 ||

ı́ndrā ha rátnam . várun.ā dhés..thetthā´

nŕ.bhyah. śaśamānébhyastā´ |
yádı̄ sákhāyā sakhyā´ya sómaih.
sutébhih. suprayásā mādáyaite || 3 ||

ı́ndrā yuvám
. varun.ā didyúmasminnójis..tham
. vájram |
ugrā nı́ vadhis..tam
yó no durévo vr.kátirdabh´ı̄tis
tásminmimāthāmabhı́bhūtyójah. || 4 ||

ı́ndrā yuvám. varun.ā bhūtámasyā´

dhiyáh. pretā´rā vr..sabhéva dhenóh. |
sā´ no duhı̄yadyávaseva gatv´ı̄
sahásradhārā páyasā mah´ı̄ gauh´ . || 5 ||

toké hité tánaya urvárāsu

sū´ro dŕ.śı̄ke vŕ..san.aśca paum
´ . sye |
ı́ndrā no átra várun.ā syātām
ávobhirdasmā´ páritakmyāyām || 6 ||

yuvā´mı́ddhyávase pūrvyā´ya pári

prábhūtı̄ gavı́s.ah. svāpı̄ |
vr.n.ı̄máhe sakhyā´ya priyā´ya
śū´rā mám
. his..thā pitáreva śambhū´ || 7 ||
 ✻✵✾

✶✳ ❲❤❛t ❤②♠♥ ♦❢ ♣r❛✐s❡ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② ❛♥ ♦❜❧❛t✐♦♥ ❤❛s r❡❛❝❤❡❞✱

❧✐❦❡ t❤❡ ✐♠♠♦rt❛❧ ✐♥✈♦❦❡r✱
②♦✉r✱ ❖ Indra✕Varun.a✱ ❜❡♥❡✈♦❧❡♥❝❡❄
❬❲❤❛t❪ ❝r❛❢t② ❬❤②♠♥ ♦❢ ♣r❛✐s❡❪ t❤❛t✱ ❢✉❧❧ ♦❢ ✈❡♥❡r❛t✐♦♥✱
✉tt❡r❡❞ ❢r♦♠ ♦✉r ❤❡❛rt ✐♥t♦ ②♦✉rs✱
s❤❛❧❧ t♦✉❝❤ ❬②♦✉❪✱ ❖ Indra✕Varun.a❄
✷✳ ❖ Indra ❬❛♥❞❪ Varun.a✱ ✇❤✐❝❤ ♠♦rt❛❧✱
♦✛❡r✐♥❣ ❧✐❜❛t✐♦♥s ❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s❤✐♣✱
❤❛s ✐♥❞❡❡❞ ♠❛❞❡ t✇♦ deva✲s ❛❧❧✐❡s✱
❤❡ s❧❛②s Vr.tra✲s ❬❛♥❞❪ ❡♥❡♠✐❡s ✐♥ ❤♦st✐❧❡ ❡♥❝♦✉♥t❡rs❀
❛♥❞✱ ❬❜❡✐♥❣❪ ✇✐t❤ ❬②♦✉r❪ ♣♦✇❡r❢✉❧ ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❤❡❧♣✐♥❣✱
❤❡ ✐s ❧✐st❡♥❡❞ t♦ ❬✐♥ t❤❡ ❡♥❝♦✉♥t❡rs❪✳
✸✳ Indra✕Varun.a ❛r❡ t❤❡ ❜❡st ❛t ❣r❛♥t✐♥❣ t❤❡ ✇❡❛❧t❤ ✖
t❤❡② ❜♦t❤ r❡❛❧❧② ❛r❡ s✉❝❤ ✖ t♦ ❡①❡rt✐♥❣ t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s ♠❡♥✱
✐❢ t❤❡ t✇♦ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s ❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s❤✐♣
❛r❡ ♠❛❦✐♥❣ t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t❡❞ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❝❤♦✐❝❡ ❞r✐♥❦ ✖
♣r❡ss❡❞ ♦✉t Soma ❞r♦♣s✳
✹✳ ❖ Indra ❬❛♥❞❪ Varun.a✱ ②♦✉ t✇♦ ❤❛✈❡ str✉❝❦ ✐♥t♦ t❤✐s ♦♥❡
t❤❡ ❧✐❣❤t♥✐♥❣✱ t❤❡ ♠♦st ✜❡r❝❡ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✱ ❖ t✇♦ ✈✐♦❧❡♥t ♦♥❡s✦
❲❤♦ ♦❢ ✉s ❬✐s❪ ✐❧❧✲❞✐s♣♦s❡❞✱ ✇♦❧❢✲❧✐❦❡✱ ✐♥t❡♥❞✐♥❣ t♦ ❞❡❝❡✐✈❡✱
♠❛② ②♦✉ t✇♦ ❢❛s❤✐♦♥ ✐♥ ❤✐♠ t❤❡ ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ ✈✐❣♦✉r✦
✺✳ ❖ Indra ❬❛♥❞❪ Varun.a✱ ✇♦✉❧❞ ②♦✉ t✇♦ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❝❤❡r✐s❤❡rs
♦❢ t❤✐s ✈✐s✐♦♥ ❧✐❦❡ t✇♦ ❛s✲✐❢✲❜✉❧❧s ♦❢ ❛ ♠✐❧❝❤✲❝♦✇✦
❙❤❡ ❝♦✉❧❞ ❜❡ ②✐❡❧❞✐♥❣ ❬♠✐❧❦❪ ❢♦r ✉s ❛s ✐❢ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❣♦♥❡ t♦ ♣❛st✉r❡s✱
❬s❤❡✱❪ t❤❛t ❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞ str❡❛♠s ❝♦✇✱
✢♦♦❞✐♥❣ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ❥✉✐❝❡✶ ✳
✻✳ ■♥ t❤✐s ♠❛tt❡rs ✖ s✉✐t❛❜❧❡ ♣r♦♣❛❣❛t✐♥❣✲❢❛♠✐❧② ❝❤✐❧❞r❡♥✱
❢❡rt✐❧❡ s♦✐❧✱
✇♦rt❤②✲t♦✲❜❡❤♦❧❞ ❬♠❛♥✐❢❡st❛t✐♦♥❪ ♦❢ svar✱
❛♥❞ ♠❛♥❧② str❡♥❣t❤ ♦❢ ❛ ❜✉❧❧ ✖
❞✉r✐♥❣ ✉♥❝❡rt❛✐♥ t✐♠❡s Indra ❬❛♥❞❪ Varun.a
❝♦✉❧❞ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❧✐s❤ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❬t❤❡✐r❪ ❢❛✈♦✉rs t♦ ✉s
✇♦♥❞❡r❢✉❧ ❞❡❡❞s✳
✼✳ ❙✐♥❝❡ ✐t ✐s ❥✉st ②♦✉ t✇♦✱ ❣♦♦❞ t❤r♦✉❣❤ s✉✣❝✐❡♥❝② ❛❧❧✐❡s
♦❢ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ✐s ❡❛❣❡r✱
✇❡ ❝❤♦♦s❡ ❛❧❧ ❛r♦✉♥❞ ❢♦r t❤❡ ♣r✐♥❝✐♣❛❧ ♣r♦t❡❝t✐♦♥✱
❢♦r ❛ ❢❛✈♦r✐t❡ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s❤✐♣✱ ❬❜❡❝♦♠❡❪ t✇♦ ❛❣❡♥ts ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱
❛✉s♣✐❝✐♦✉s ❧✐❦❡ t✇♦ ♠♦st ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♣❛r❡♥ts✦

✶ ❤❡r❡ ❂ t❤❡ ✐♥♥❡r Soma

✻✶✵

tā´ vām ′
. dhı́yó vase vājayántı̄r
. ná jagmuryuvayū´h. sudānū |
ājı́m
śriyé ná gā´va úpa sómamasthur
ı́ndram . gı́ro várun.am . me manı̄s.ā´h. || 8 ||

imā´ ı́ndram
. várun.am . me manı̄s.ā´
ágmannúpa drávin.amichámānāh. |
úpemasthurjos..tā´ra iva vásvo
raghv´ı̄riva śrávaso bhı́ks.amān.āh. || 9 ||

áśvyasya tmánā ráthyasya pus..tér

nı́tyasya rāyáh. pátayah. syāma |
tā´ cakrān.ā´ ūtı́bhirnávyası̄bhir
asmatrā´ rā´yo niyútah. sacantām || 10 ||

ā´ no br.hantā br.hat´ı̄bhirūt´ı̄

. varun.a vā´jasātau |
ı́ndra yātám
yáddidyávah. pŕ.tanāsu prakr´ı̄..dān
tásya vām. syāma sanitā´ra ājéh. || 11 ||
 ✻✶✶

✽✳ ❚❤❡s❡ ❡♥❡r❣✐③✐♥❣ ✈✐s✐♦♥s ♦❢ ②♦✉ ❜♦t❤ ❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ ♣r♦t❡❝t✐♦♥✱

❬✈✐s✐♦♥s t❤❛t ❛r❡❪ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ ②♦✉✱ ❤❛s ❝♦♠❡ ❛s ✐❢ t♦ ❛ ❝♦♥t❡st✱
❖ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s t✇♦✦
❋♦r ❛✉s♣✐❝✐♦✉s♥❡ss ✖
❧✐❦❡ ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s ❬st❛♥❞ ♥❡❛r❪ Soma ✖
♠② s♦♥❣s ❛♥❞ ❝♦♥❝❡♣t✐♦♥s st❛♥❞ ♥❡❛r Indra ❬❛♥❞❪ Varun.a✳
✾✳ ❚❤❡s❡ ♠② ❝♦♥❝❡♣t✐♦♥s✱ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ t♦ ♦❜t❛✐♥ t❤❡ s✉❜st❛♥❝❡✱
❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤ Indra ❬❛♥❞❪ Varun.a❀
t❤❡② st❛② ♥❡❛r t❤❡♠ ❧✐❦❡ t❤♦s❡ ✇❤♦ ❡♥❥♦② ❬s♦♠❡t❤✐♥❣❪ ❣♦♦❞✱
❧✐❦❡ ✢❡❡t ❝♦✉rs❡rs ❞❡s✐r✐♥❣ t♦ ♣❛rt❛❦❡ ♦❢ ❢❛♠❡✳
✶✵✳ ❲❡ ♠✐❣❤t ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ♠❛st❡rs ♦❢✱ ❛t ❧❡❛st✱ t❤❡ ✐♥♥❛t❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡✱
♦❢ r❡❧❛t❡❞ t♦ ❝❤❛r✐♦ts ❬❛♥❞✱❪ ✐♥❞❡❡❞✱ ❤♦rs❡s ♣r♦s♣❡r✐t②❀
♠❛② t❤❡② ❛ss✐st ✇✐t❤ ♥♦✈❡❧ ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❤❡❧♣✐♥❣
✷
t❤❡ t✇♦ ❬deva✲s❪ ✇❤♦ ❤❛✈❡ ❛♣♣r♦♣r✐❛t❡ t♦ t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s
✐♥♥❛t❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡ ✐♥ ✉s✦
✶✶✳ ❉✉r✐♥❣ ♦❜t❛✐♥✐♥❣ ♦❢ t❤❡ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r ✖ ❝♦♠❡ t♦ ✉s✱
❖ ❡①♣❛♥s✐✈❡ t✇♦✱ ✇✐t❤ ❡①t❡♥s✐✈❡ ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❛✐❞✐♥❣✱
❖ Indra✱ ❖ Varuna✱
s♦ t❤❛t ✇❤❡♥ ❞✉r✐♥❣ .❜❛tt❧❡s ❧✐❣❤t♥✐♥❣s ❛r❡ ❛t ♣❧❛②✱
✇❡ ♠✐❣❤t ♣r♦❝✉r❡ ❢♦r ②♦✉ t✇♦ ✐ts ✈✐❣♦✉r✳

✷ t❤❡ ❝♦♥❝❡♣t✐♦♥s
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✹✳✹✷

Trasadasyu Paurukutsya | Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra ❛♥❞ Varun.a

máma dvitā´ rās..trám . ks.atrı́yasya

viśvā´yorvı́śve amŕ.tā yáthā nah. |
krátum . sacante várun.asya devā´
rā´jāmi kr..s.térupamásya vavréh. || 1 ||

ahám . rā´jā várun.o máhyam

.
tā´nyasuryā`n.i prathamā´ dhārayanta |
krátum . sacante várun.asya devā´
rā´jāmi kr..s.térupamásya vavréh. || 2 ||

ahámı́ndro várun.asté mahitvórv´ı̄

gabhı̄ré rájası̄ suméke |
tvás..teva vı́śvā bhúvanāni vidvā´n
sámairayam . ródası̄ dhāráyam. ca || 3 ||

ahámapó apinvamuks.ámān.ā
dhāráyam . sádana .rtásya |
. dı́vam
r.téna putró áditerr.tā´votá
tridhā´tu prathayadvı́ bhū´ma || 4 ||

mā´m. nárah. sváśvā vājáyanto

mā´m. vr.tā´h. samáran.e havante |
kr.n.ómyājı́m . maghávāhámı́ndra
ı́yarmi ren.úmabhı́bhūtyojāh. || 5 ||

ahám. tā´ vı́śvā cakaram

. nákirmā
dáıvyam. sáho varate ápratı̄tam |
yánmā sómāso mamádanyádukthóbhé
bhayete rájası̄ apāré || 6 ||
 ✻✶✸

❬Varun.a✿❪
✶✳ ❇② ❛❧❧ ♠❡❛♥s ♠✐♥❡ ✐s t❤❡ ✐♥str✉♠❡♥t ♦❢ ❦✐♥❣s❤✐♣✱
❛❧❧ ❝❡❛s❡❧❡ss ♦♥❡s ❬❛r❡❪ ♦❢ ❬t❤❛t❪
❛❣✐t❛t✐♥❣ ❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣ ❡♥❞♦✇❡❞ ✇✐t❤ s♦✈❡r❡✐❣♥t② ❬❡♥❡r❣②❪
❛s ❬t❤❡② ❛r❡❪ ♦✉rs ✳
✶
Deva✲s t❛❦❡ ♣❛rt ✐♥ Varun.a✬s ❞❡s✐❣♥❀
■ r❡✐❣♥ ♦✈❡r tr✐❜❡s ❢r♦♠ ❛ ❧✉r❦✐♥❣♣❧❛❝❡
♦❢ t❤❡ ♥❡❛r❡st ❬t♦ ❝♦♥t❡①t ❛❜♦❞❡❪✳
✷✳ ■ ❛♠ ❦✐♥❣ Varun.a✱ ♦♥ ♠② ❜❡❤❛❧❢ t❤❡② ♠❛✐♥t❛✐♥ ✷
t❤❡s❡ ♣r✐♠❛r② ❣✉✐s❡s ❬♦❢ ❣✉✐❞✐♥❣ s♣✐r✐ts❪✳
Deva✲s t❛❦❡ ♣❛rt ✐♥ Varun.a✬s ❞❡s✐❣♥❀
■ r❡✐❣♥ ♦✈❡r tr✐❜❡s ❢r♦♠ ❛ ❧✉r❦✐♥❣♣❧❛❝❡
♦❢ t❤❡ ♥❡❛r❡st ❬t♦ ❝♦♥t❡①t ❛❜♦❞❡❪✳
❬Soma✿❪
✸✳ ■ ❬❛♠❪ Indra ❬❛♥❞❪ Varun.a✳ ❇② ❬♠②❪ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❡①♣❛♥❞✱
❬■ ❝r❡❛t❡❞❪ t❤♦s❡ t✇♦
s♣❛❝✐♦✉s ❞❡❡♣ ✇❡❧❧✲♣r♦♣♦rt✐♦♥❡❞ r❡❣✐♦♥s✳
▲✐❦❡ Tvas..t.r✱ ■✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❢♦✉♥❞ ❛❧❧ ♣❧❛❝❡s ♦❢ ❡①✐st❡♥❝❡✱
❞✐❞ ❜r✐♥❣ t♦ ❧✐❢❡ t❤❡ t✇♦ Rodas✲❡s ❛♥❞ ✇❤❛t ❤♦❧❞s ❬t❤❡♠ ❛♣❛rt❪✳
❬Indra✿❪
✹✳ ■♥ t❤❡ s❡❛t ♦❢ .rta ■ s✇❡❧❧❡❞ ✇❛t❡rs
❬t❤❛t ❛r❡❪ s♣r✐♥❦❧✐♥❣ ✇❤❛t ❤♦❧❞s ❬t✇♦ Rodas✲❡s ❛♣❛rt❪
❬❛♥❞❪ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥✱
❛♥❞ s♦♥ ♦❢ Aditi✱ ♣♦ss❡ss✐♥❣ ♦❢ .rta✱ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ .rta
s❤❛❧❧ s♣r❡❛❞ ♦✈❡r t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤
❝♦♥s✐st✐♥❣✲♦❢✲t❤r❡❡✲❝♦♠♣♦♥❡♥ts ❬❤♦♥❡② ❪✳ ✸
✺✳ ▼❡ ❤❛✈✐♥❣✲❡①❝❡❧❧❡♥t✲❤♦rs❡s ♠❡♥✱
❡♠♣❧♦②✐♥❣✲❛✲r✉s❤✲♦❢✲✈✐❣♦✉r ♦♥❡s✱
♠❡ t❤♦s❡ s✉rr♦✉♥❞❡❞✲✐♥✲❛✲❝♦♠❜❛t ♦♥❡s ❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥✳
■✱ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s✱ ❝r❡❛t❡ ❛ ❝♦♥t❡st✱ ■ ✖ Indra✱
■✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱ r♦✉s❡ t❤❡ ❞✉st✳
✻✳ ■ ❡✛❡❝t❡❞ ❛❧❧ t❤❡s❡✱ ♥♦ ❞✐✈✐♥❡ ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ ♣♦✇❡r
♦❜str✉❝ts ♠❡✱ ✇❤♦ ✐s ♥♦t✲❝♦✉♥t❡r❜❛❧❛♥❝❡❞✳
❲❤❡♥ ❞r♦♣s ♦❢ Soma ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t❡ ♠❡✱ ✇❤❡♥ ✈❡rs❡s ❬❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t❡ ♠❡❪✱
❬t❤❡♥❪ ❜♦t❤ ❜♦✉♥❞❧❡ss r❡❣✐♦♥s ❛r❡ ❛❢r❛✐❞✳

✶ t❤❛t ✐s✱ ✏s✉❜❥❡❝t t♦ deva✲s✑

✷ deva✲s
✸ madhu ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✾✳✼✵✳✽❝✱ t❤❛t ✐s✱ Soma
✻✶✹

vidús..te vı́śvā bhúvanāni tásya

tā´ prá bravı̄s.i várun.āya vedhah. |
tvám . vr.trā´n.i śr.n.vis.e jaghanvā´n
tvám . vr.tā´m̃
. arin.ā indra sı́ndhūn || 7 ||

asmā´kamátra pitárastá āsan

saptá .ŕ.sayo daurgahé badhyámāne |
tá ā´yajanta trasádasyumasyā
ı́ndram . ná vr.tratúramardhadevám || 8 ||

purukútsānı̄ hı́ vāmádāśaddhavyébhir

indrāvarun.ā námobhih. |
áthā rā´jānam. trasádasyumasyā
vr.trahán.am . dadathurardhadevám || 9 ||

rāyā´ vayám. sasavā´m

. so madema
havyéna devā´ yávasena gā´vah. |
tā´m
. dhenúmindrāvarun.ā yuvám . no
viśvā´hā dhattamánapasphurantı̄m || 10 ||
 ✻✶✺

❬Soma✿❪
✼✳ ❆❧❧ ♣❧❛❝❡s ♦❢ ❡①✐st❡♥❝❡ ❡①♣❡r✐❡♥❝❡❞ t❤❛t ♦❢ t❤❡❡✱
r❡❧❛t❡ ❛❧❧ t❤❡s❡ ❬❡♥❞❡❛✈♦rs❪ t♦ Varun.a✱ ❖ ❛❞❡♣t✦
❚❤♦✉✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ str✉❝❦ Vr.tra✲s✱
❛r❡ ❧✐st❡♥✐♥❣ ❬t♦ t❤♦s❡ ✇❤♦ ❛s❦ t❤❡❡ ❢♦r ❤❡❧♣❪✱
t❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ r❡❧❡❛s❡❞ ♣❡♥t ✉♣ r✐✈❡rs✳
✖✖
❬P♦❡t✿❪
✽✳ ■♥ t❤✐s ♠❛tt❡r t❤♦s❡ ❢❛t❤❡rs✹ ✇❡r❡ ♦✉rs✳
❲❤❡♥ ❬s❤❡ ✇❛s❪ ✐♥ ❛ ❞✐✣❝✉❧t t♦ ♣❡♥❡tr❛t❡✱
❤♦❧❞✐♥❣ ❬❤❡r❪ ❝❛♣t✐✈❡ ❬tr♦✉❜❧❡✺ ❪✱
t❤❡ s❡✈❡♥ s❛❣❡s✻ ❝♦♥s❡❝r❛t❡❞ ❤❡rs Trasadasyu✼
❬✇❤♦ ✐s❪ ❝♦♥t❡♥❞✐♥❣ ✇✐t❤ Vr.tra ❧✐❦❡ Indra✱ s❡♠✐❞✐✈✐♥❡✳
✾✳ ❇❡❝❛✉s❡ s❤❡✱ ♦❢ ♠❛♥② r❡♣r♦❛❝❤❡s✱ ❤♦♥♦r❡❞ ②♦✉ t✇♦✱
❖ Indra✕Varun.a✱ ✇✐t❤ ♦❜❧❛t✐♦♥s✱ ✇✐t❤ r❡✈❡r❡♥t✐❛❧ s❛❧✉t❛t✐♦♥s✱
t❤❡r❡❢♦r❡ ②♦✉ t✇♦ ❤❛✈❡ ❣✐✈❡♥ s❡♠✐❞✐✈✐♥❡ s❧❛②✐♥❣✲Vr.tra ♦♥❡
❛s ❤❡rs ❝❤✐❡❢t❛✐♥ Trasadasyu✳
✖✖
✶✵✳ ❍❛✈✐♥❣ ♦❜t❛✐♥❡❞ t❤❡ r✐❝❤❡s✱ ✇❡ ❝❛♥ ❡①✉❧t✱
❬❤❛✈✐♥❣ ♦❜t❛✐♥❡❞❪ ♦❜❧❛t✐♦♥s✱ deva✲s ❬❝❛♥ ❡①✉❧t❪✱
❬❤❛✈✐♥❣ ♦❜t❛✐♥❡❞❪ ❛ ♣❛st✉r❡ ✖ ❝♦✇s✳
❚❤❛t ♠✐❧❝❤✲❝♦✇✽ ✱ ❖ Indra✕Varun.a✱ ②♦✉ t✇♦
❞♦ ❛❧✇❛②s ❣✐✈❡ t♦ ✉s ✇❤✐❝❤ ✐s ♥♦t ❧❛s❤✐♥❣ ♦✉t✦

✹ ♣r♦❜✳ ❤②♠♥s ♦❢ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t✐♦♥

✺ ámhas
.
✻ ♣r♦❜✳ t❤❡ s❡✈❡♥ ♠❡t❡rs
✼ ❧✐t✳ ✏✇❤♦ ✐s s❡❡❦✐♥❣ t❤❡ t❤r❡❡ s❡❛ts✑✱ ♣r♦❜✳ ❛♥ ❡①tr❛❝t ♦❢ Soma
✽ ❤❡r❡ ♣r♦❜✳ ❛ ✇♦♠❛♥ ♦❢ ❝❤✐❧❞❜❡❛r✐♥❣ ❛❣❡
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✺✳✷✾

Gaurivı̄ti Śāktya | Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra

tryàryamā´ mánus.o devátātā

tr´ı̄ rocanā´ divyā´ dhārayanta |
árcanti tvā marútah. pūtádaks.ās
tvámes.āmŕ..sirindrāsi dh´ı̄rah. || 1 ||

ánu yádı̄m. marúto mandasānám

ā´rcannı́ndram . papivā´m. sam. sutásya |
ā´datta vájramabhı́ yádáhim . hánnapó
yahv´ı̄rasr.jatsártavā´ u || 2 ||

utá brahmān.o maruto me asyéndrah.

sómasya sús.utasya peyāh. |
. mánus.e gā´ ávindad
táddhı́ havyám
áhannáhim. papiv ā´m̃
. ı́ndro asya || 3 ||

ā´dródası̄ vitarám
. vı́ .skabhāyat
sam . vivyānáścidbhiyáse mr.gám. kah. |
jı́gartimı́ndro apajárgurān.ah.
práti śvasántamáva dānavám . han || 4 ||

ádha krátvā maghavantúbhyam . devā´

ánu vı́śve adaduh. somapéyam |
yátsū´ryasya harı́tah. pátantı̄h.
puráh. sat´ı̄rúparā étaśe káh. || 5 ||

náva yádasya navatı́m . ca bhogā´n

sākám . vájren
. a maghávā vivr.ścát |
árcant´ı̄ndram . marútah. sadhásthe
tráıs..tubhena vácasā bādhata dyā´m || 6 ||

sákhā sákhye apacattū´yamagnı́r

asyá krátvā mahis.ā´ tr´ı̄ śatā´ni |
tr´ı̄ sākámı́ndro mánus.ah. sárām . si
sutám . pibadvr.trahátyāya sómam || 7 ||
 ✻✶✼

✶✳ ❚❤r❡❡ ❬t❤✐♥❣s❪ Aryaman ❬♠❛✐♥t❛✐♥s❪

t❤r♦✉❣❤♦✉t deva✲s✬ ♣r❡s❡♥❝❡✱
t❤r❡❡ ❝❡❧❡st✐❛❧ ❧✉♠✐♥♦✉s s♣❤❡r❡s t❤❡② ♠❛✐♥t❛✐♥✳
❍❛✈✐♥❣ r❡✜♥❡❞ ♣♦✇❡r ♦❢ ❞✐s❝❡r♥♠❡♥t Marut✲s
✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t❡ t❤❡❡ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ s♣❡❡❝❤✱
❤❛✈✐♥❣ ♠❡♥t❛❧ s❝❤❡♠❛s ❢♦r ❛♥ ❡✛❡❝t✐✈❡ ❝♦♥t❡♠♣❧❛t✐♦♥✱
t❤♦✉ ❛r❡ t❤❡✐r s❡❡r✱ ❖ Indra✦
✷✳ ❆❢t❡r t❤❛t Marut✲s ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t❡❞ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ s♣❡❡❝❤
❡①❛❧t✐♥❣ Indra
✇❤♦ ❤❛s ❞r❛♥❦ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❬Soma❪❀
❤❡ r❡❝❧❛✐♠❡❞ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✳ ❲❤❡♥ ❤❡ ❤✐t t❤❡ s♥❛❦❡✶ ✱
❤❡ r❡❧❡❛s❡❞ r❡st❧❡ss ✇❛t❡rs t♦ ✢♦✇✳
✸✳ ❆♥❞ ♠❛② Indra✱ ❖ Marut✲s✕❢♦r♠✉❧❛t♦rs✱
❞r✐♥❦ ♦❢ ✇❡❧❧✲♣r❡ss❡❞ Soma ❢♦r ♠② s❛❦❡✦
❚❤✐s ♦❜❧❛t✐♦♥ ❢♦✉♥❞ ❝♦✇s ❢♦r ❛♥ ✐♥t❡❧❧✐❣❡♥t ♠❛♥✱
Indra ❞r✐♥❦✐♥❣ ✐t s❧❛②❡❞ t❤❡ s♥❛❦❡✳
✹✳ ❆❢t❡r✇❛r❞s✱ ❤❡ s❤❛❧❧ ♣r♦♣ t❤❡ t✇♦ Rodas✲❡s ❢❛rt❤❡r ♦✛✱
s♦ t❤❛t ❡✈❡♥ ❝❧♦t❤❡❞ ❤❡ ✇♦✉❧❞ s❝❛r❡ t❤❡ ❜❡❛st❀
t❛✉♥t✐♥❣ t❤❡ s✇❛❧❧♦✇❡r✱ ✐♥ ♦♣♣♦s✐t✐♦♥ t♦ t❤❡ ❤✐ss✐♥❣ ♦♥❡✱
Indra ❢❡♥❞❡❞ ♦✛ t❤❡ ❞❡♠♦♥ ✷ ✳
✖✖
✺✳ ❚❤❡♥ t❤r♦✉❣❤ ✉♥❞❡rst❛♥❞✐♥❣✱ ❖ ♠✉♥✐✜❝❡♥t ♦♥❡✱
❛❧❧ deva✲s ②✐❡❧❞❡❞ t♦ t❤❡❡ ❛ ❞r✐♥❦ ♦❢ Soma
✇❤❡♥ ✐♥ t❤❡ ❝♦✉rs❡ ♦❢ ✢✐❝❦❡r✐♥❣
②♦✉ ♠❛❞❡ ✢②✐♥❣ ✐♥ t❤❡ ❡❛st ❜❛② ♠❛r❡s✸ ♦❢ t❤❡ s✉♥
s❡❝♦♥❞❛r②✳
✖✖
✻✳ ❲❤❡♥ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t t❤❡ ♠✉♥✐✜❝❡♥t ♦♥❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❝✉t
s✐♠✉❧t❛♥❡♦✉s❧② ♥✐♥❡ ❛♥❞ ♥✐♥❡t② ❝♦✐❧s ♦❢ t❤✐s ♦♥❡ ✐♥t♦ ♣✐❡❝❡s✱
❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ s♣❡❡❝❤ Marut✲s ❬✇♦✉❧❞❪ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t❡ Indra
✐♥ t❤❡ ♠❡❡t✐♥❣ ♣❧❛❝❡✳
❉♦ ②❡ ✈❡① t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ✇✐t❤ ❛♥ ✉tt❡r❛♥❝❡ ✐♥ tris..tubh ♠❡t❡r✦
✼✳ ❆ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥ ❢♦r ❛ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥✱ Agni q✉✐❝❦❧② r♦❛st❡❞
✉s✐♥❣ r❡s♦✉r❝❡❢✉❧♥❡ss ♦❢ t❤✐s ♦♥❡✱ t❤r❡❡ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ❜✉✛❛❧♦❡s✳
❚♦ s❧❛② Vr.tra✱ Indra s❤❛❧❧ ❞r✐♥❦ t❤❡ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ Soma ✖
t❤r❡❡ ❝❤❛♥♥❡❧s ♦❢ ❛ ♠❛♥ ❛t t❤❡ s❛♠❡ t✐♠❡✳

✶ Vrtrá
.
✷ Dānava
✸ r❛②s
✻✶✽

tr´ı̄ yáchatā´ mahis.ā´n.āmágho mā´s

tr´ı̄ sárām
. si maghávā somyā´pāh. |
kārám . ná vı́śve ahvanta devā´
bháramı́ndrāya yádáhim . jaghā´na || 8 ||

uśánā yátsahasyaıráyātam
` .
gr.hámindra jūjuvānébhiráśvaih. |
vanvānó átra sarátham . yayātha
kútsena deváırávanorha śús.n.am || 9 ||

prā´nyáccakrámavr.hah. sū´ryasya
kútsāyānyádvárivo yā´tave ′kah. |
anā´so dásyūm̃
. ramr.n.o vadhéna
nı́ duryon.á āvr.n.aṅmr.dhrávācah. || 10 ||

stómāsastvā gaurivı̄teravardhannárandhayo
´
vaidathinā´ya pı́prum |
ā´ tvā´mr.jı́śvā sakhyā´ya cakre
pácanpakt´ı̄rápibah. sómamasya || 11 ||

návagvāsah. sutásomāsa ı́ndram .

dáśagvāso abhyàrcantyarkáıh. |
gávyam. cidūrvámapidhā´navantam .
. cinnárah. śaśamānā´ ápa vran || 12 ||
tám

kathó nú te pári carān.i vidvā´n

vı̄ryā` maghavanyā´ cakártha |
yā´ co nú návyā kr.n.ávah. śavis..tha
prédu tā´ te vidáthes.u bravāma || 13 ||

etā´ vı́śvā cakr.vā´m̃

. indra bhū´ryáparı̄to
janús.ā vı̄ryèn.a |
yā´ cinnú vajrinkr.n.ávo dadhr..svā´nná
te vartā´ távis.yā asti tásyāh. || 14 ||
 ✻✶✾

✽✳ ❲❤❡♥ t❤♦✉ ❞❡✈♦✉r❡❞ t❤r❡❡ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ❜✉✛❛❧♦❡s ✐♥ ❛ ♠♦♥t❤✱

❬❛♥❞ ✇❤❡♥❪ t❤♦✉✱ t❤❡ ♠✉♥✐✜❝❡♥t ♦♥❡✱ ❞r❛♥❦ ✉♣
t❤r❡❡ ❝♦♥t❛✐♥✐♥❣ Soma ❝❤❛♥♥❡❧s✱
❛❧❧ deva✲s ❝❛❧❧❡❞ ✉♣ ❛ ❜❛tt❧❡✱ ❛s ✐❢ ❬✐t ✇❛s❪ ❛ s♦♥❣✱ ❢♦r Indra✬s s❛❦❡
s♦ t❤❛t ❤❡ ✇♦✉❧❞ s❧❛② t❤❡ s♥❛❦❡✳
✾✳ ❲❤❡♥ ②♦✉ t✇♦✱ Uśanas ✇✐t❤ ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ ♦♥❡s
❬❛♥❞ t❤♦✉❪✱ ❖ Indra✱
❝❛♠❡ t♦ t❤❡ ❤♦✉s❡ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ s♣❡❡❞✐♥❣ ❤♦rs❡s✱
♠❛❦✐♥❣ ❛ ✇❛rr✐♦r ♦♥ ❛ ❝❤❛r✐♦t ✇✐t❤✐♥ t❤② r❡❛❝❤ ✱
✹
t❤♦✉ tr❛✈❡❧❡❞ ✇✐t❤ Kutsa❀ ✇✐t❤ deva✲s
t❤♦✉ ♣❧❛❝❡❞ Śus.n.a ✇✐t❤✐♥ ❤✐s r❡❛❝❤✳
✶✵✳ ❚❤♦✉ t❡❛r❡❞ ♦✛ t❤❡ ♦t❤❡r ✇❤❡❡❧ ♦❢ t❤❡ s✉♥❀
❢♦r Kutsa t❤♦✉ ❝r❡❛t❡❞ ❛♥♦t❤❡r ♠❡♥t❛❧ s♣❛❝❡ t♦ ♠♦✈❡ ❬✐♥❪✳
❚❤♦✉ ❝r✉s❤❡❞ ❢❛❝❡❧❡ss dasyu✲s ✇✐t❤ ❛ ❞❡❛❞❧② ✇❡❛♣♦♥✱
t❤♦✉ ♣✉t ✐♥t♦ ❛ ❜✐♥❞ t❤♦s❡ ✇❤♦s❡ s♣❡❡❝❤ ✐s ✐♥s✉❧t✐♥❣✳
✶✶✳ Gaurivı̄ti✬s ❤②♠♥s ♦❢ ♣r❛✐s❡ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥❡❞ t❤❡❡✱
t❤♦✉ ♠❛❞❡ Pipru t♦ s✉❜♠✐t t♦ Vaidathina✱
R
. jiśvan ♠❛❞❡ t❤❡❡ r❡❛❞② ❢♦r ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s❤✐♣✳
❘✐♣❡♥✐♥❣ ✇❤❛t ✐s ❜❡✐♥❣ ✏❝♦♦❦❡❞✑✱ t❤♦✉ ❞r❛♥❦ Soma ♦❢ t❤✐s ♦♥❡✳
✶✷✳ Navagva✲s ✇❤♦ ♣r❡ss❡❞ Soma✱ daśagva✲s
♣r❛✐s❡ Indra ✇✐t❤ ❤②♠♥s ♦❢ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t✐♦♥✳
❊①❡rt✐♥❣ t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s ♠❡♥ ✉♥❝♦✈❡r❡❞ ❥✉st t❤❛t ✖
r❡❧❛t❡❞ t♦ ❝♦✇s✱ ✇✐❞❡✱ ♣r♦✈✐❞✐♥❣ s❤❡❧t❡r ❬♣❧❛❝❡❪✳
✶✸✳ ❍♦✇ s❤❛❧❧ ■✱ ❦♥♦✇✐♥❣ t❤❡❡✱ ❡♥❝♦♠♣❛ss ❤❡r♦✐❝ ❬❞❡❡❞s❪
t❤❛t t❤♦✉ ♣❡r❢♦r♠❡❞ ❬❜❡❢♦r❡❪✱ ❖ ♠✉♥✐✜❝❡♥t ♦♥❡✱
❛♥❞ t❤♦s❡ r❡❝❡♥t ❬♦♥❡s❪ t❤❛t ②♦✉ ♣❡r❢♦r♠❡❞✱ ❖ ♠♦st s✇♦❧❧❡♥❄
❉✉r✐♥❣ ❦♥♦✇❧❡❞❣❡✲s❤❛r✐♥❣ s❡ss✐♦♥s
✇❡ ✇✐❧❧ ♦♥❧② ♣r♦❝❧❛✐♠ t❤♦s❡ ♦❢ t❤❡❡✳
✶✹✳ P❡r❢♦r♠✐♥❣ ❛❧❧ t❤❡s❡ r❡♣❡❛t❡❞❧②✱ ❖ Indra✱
t❤r♦✉❣❤ ✈❛❧♦r ✉♥❡♥❝♦♠♣❛ss❡❞
❜② ❝✐r❝✉♠st❛♥❝❡s ♦❢ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❛t✐♦♥✱
❬❛♥❞ ❜❡❝❛✉s❡ ♦❢ t❤❡s❡❪ ✇❤✐❝❤ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲✇✐❡❧❞❡r✱
❞❛r✐♥❣✱ ♣❡r❢♦r♠❡❞✱
♥♦ ♦♥❡ ✇❤♦ ❬❝❛♥❪ r❡♠♦✈❡ t❤✐s t❤② ❝♦♥tr♦❧❧✐♥❣ ♣♦✇❡r✳

✹ t❤❛t ✐s✱ t♦ ❛❜❧❡ t♦ r❡❝r✉✐t ❤✐♠

✻✷✵

ı́ndra bráhma kriyámān.ā jus.asva

yā´ te śavis..tha návyā ákarma |
vástreva bhadrā´ súkr.tā vasūyū´
rátham . ná dh´ı̄rah. svápā ataks.am || 15 ||
 ✻✷✶

✶✺✳ ❖ Indra✱ ❡♥❥♦② t❤✐s s❛❝r❡❞ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥✱

❬t❤✐s❪ ❜❡✐♥❣ ♠❛❞❡ ❬♣r❡ss✐♥❣s ♦❢ ❙♦♠❛❪
✺
✇❤✐❝❤ ✇❡✱ ♥♦✈✐❝❡s✱ ♠❛❞❡ ❢♦r t❤❡❡✱ ❖ ♠♦st s✇♦❧❧❡♥ ♦♥❡✦
▲✐❦❡ ❧♦✈❡❧② ✇❡❧❧✲♠❛❞❡ ❣❛r♠❡♥ts✱
❧✐❦❡ ❛♥ ✐♥t❡❧❧✐❣❡♥t ❛rt✐✜❝❡r ✖ ❛ ❝❤❛r✐♦t✱
■✱ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ ✇❤❛t✬s ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧✱ ❢♦r♠❡❞ ✐♥ ♠✐♥❞ ❬t❤✐s ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥❪✳

❱❡rs❡s ✷✱ ✸✱ ✶✷✱ ✶✺ r❡❢❡r t♦ r❡❝r✉✐ts✱ ✈❡rs❡s ✶✱ ✻ t♦ ✐♥♥❡r Marut✲s✳

✺ sávanāni
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✺✳✸✵

Babhru Ātreya | Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra

kvà syá vı̄ráh. kó apaśyadı́ndram .

sukháratham´ı̄yamānam . háribhyām |
yó rāyā´ vajr´ı̄ sutásomamichán
tádóko gántā puruhūtá ūt´ı̄ || 1 ||

ávācacaks.am. padámasya sasvár

ugrám. nidhātúránvāyamichán |
ápr.chamanyā´m̃ . utá té ma āhur
ı́ndram . náro bubudhānā´ aśema || 2 ||

prá nú vayám. suté yā´ te kr.tā´n´ı̄ndra

´
brávāma yāni no jújos.ah. |
védadávidvāñchr.n.ávacca vidvā´n
váhate ′yám
. maghávā sárvasenah. || 3 ||

sthirám . mánaścakr..se jātá indra

vés.´ı̄déko yudháye bhū´yasaścit |
áśmānam . cichávasā didyuto
vı́ vidó gávāmūrvámusrı́yān.ām || 4 ||

paró yáttvám . paramá ājánis..thāh.

. nā´ma bı́bhrat |
parāváti śrútyam
átaścidı́ndrādabhayanta devā´
vı́śvā apó ajayaddāsápatnı̄h. || 5 ||

túbhyédeté marútah. suśévā

árcantyarkám . sunvántyándhah. |
áhimohānámapá āśáyānam .
prá māyā´bhirmāyı́nam. saks.adı́ndrah. || 6 ||
 ✻✷✸

✶✳ ❲❤❡r❡ ❬✐s❪ t❤❛t ❤❡r♦ ✇❤♦ ❜❡❤❡❧❞

❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❡❛s②✲❣♦✐♥❣ ❝❤❛r✐♦t Indra✱
❝♦♠✐♥❣ ❛❣❛✐♥ ❛♥❞ ❛❣❛✐♥ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s✱
❬t❤❡ ❤❡r♦❪ ✇❤♦✱ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ ♣r❡ss❡❞ ♦✉t Soma✱
❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡ ❬❜❡❝♦♠❡s❪ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲✇✐❡❧❞❡r
✇❤❡♥ t❤❡ ♠✉❝❤✲✐♥✈♦❦❡❞✲t♦❣❡t❤❡r✲✇✐t❤✲❬❤✐s❪✲❛ss✐st❛♥❝❡ ♦♥❡ ✶
❬✐s❪ ❝♦♠✐♥❣ ❤♦♠❡✳
✷✳ ❙❡❝r❡t❧②✱ ■ s♣♦tt❡❞ ❤✐s tr❛❝❦❀
✷
❡♥❞❡❛✈♦r✐♥❣✱ ■ ✇❡♥t ❛❧♦♥❣ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ✇r❛t❤ ♦❢ ❤✐♠
✇❤♦ ♠❛❦❡s ✐♠♣❛❝t❀
■ ❛s❦❡❞ ♦t❤❡rs ❛♥❞ t❤❡② t♦❧❞ ♠❡
❬t❤❛t❪ ♠❡♥ ✇❤♦ ❛r❡ ❛✇❛❦❡ ❝❛♥ ❛tt❛✐♥ Indra✳
✸✳ ◆♦✇✱ ❛t ❛ Soma ❧✐❜❛t✐♦♥✱ ✇❤✐❝❤ t❤② ❞❡❡❞s ✇❡ ♣r♦❝❧❛✐♠✱
❖ Indra✱ ✇❤✐❝❤ t❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ ❢r❡q✉❡♥t ❢♦r ✉s❄
❬❚❤♦s❡ ♦♥❡s❪ ❤❡ ✇❤♦ ❤❛s ♥♦t ❡①♣❡r✐❡♥❝❡❞ s❤❛❧❧ ❡①♣❡r✐❡♥❝❡✱
❛♥❞ ❤❡ ✇❤♦ ❤❛s ❡①♣❡r✐❡♥❝❡❞ s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡ ❛tt❡♥t✐✈❡ ✖
t❤✐s ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡ ❝♦♥✈❡②s ❤✐♠s❡❧❢ ❛s ❛♥ ❡♥t✐r❡ ❛r♠②✳
✹✳ ❚❤❡ ✈❡r② ♠♦♠❡♥t ❬t❤♦✉ ✇❡r❡❪ ❜♦r♥✱ t❤♦✉ ♠❛❞❡ t❤❡ ♠✐♥❞ st❡❛❞②✱
❖ Indra❀
❡✈❡♥ ❬❜❡✐♥❣❪ ❛❧♦♥❡✱ t❤♦✉ ❡❛❣❡r❧② s❡❡❦ t♦ ❡♥❣❛❣❡ ✐♥ ❜❛tt❧❡
❡✈❡r ♠♦r❡ ♥✉♠❡r♦✉s ❬♦♣♣♦♥❡♥ts❪❀
✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡ ❬♣❡r❝❡♣t✐♦♥❪
t❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ♠❛❞❡ ❡✈❡♥ ❛ st♦♥❡ t♦ ❛♣♣❡❛r s❤✐♥✐♥❣❀
t❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ ❞✐s❝❡r♥ t❤❡ ✇✐❞❡ ❬s♣❛❝❡❪ ♦❢ ❛♣♣❡❛r✐♥❣ ❛t ❞❛✇♥ ❝♦✇s ✳ ✸
✺✳ ❲❤❡♥ t❤♦✉✱ t❤❡ ✉❧t✐♠❛t❡ ♦♥❡✱ ❤❛✈❡ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❡❞ t❤②s❡❧❢
❛s ❛♥ ❡①tr❡♠❡ ♦♥❡✱
❜❡❛r✐♥❣ ❢❛r✲❛♥❞✲✇✐❞❡ t❤❡ ❢❛♠♦✉s ♠❛r❦ ✹
✭t❤❛t✬s ✇❤② deva✲s ✇❡r❡ ❛❢r❛✐❞ ♦❢ Indra ✖
❤❡ ♦✈❡r❝❛♠❡ ❛❧❧ ✇❛t❡rs ❬t❤❛t ✇❡r❡❪ t❤❡ ♠✐str❡ss❡s ♦❢ t❤❡ ❞❡♠♦♥✮✱
✺
✻✳ ❬t❤❡♥❪ ❥✉st ❢♦r t❤❡❡ t❤❡s❡ ♣r♦✈✐❞✐♥❣ ❝♦♠❢♦rt Marut✲s ✱ ✻
s✐♥❣ ❛ ❤②♠♥ ♦❢ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t✐♦♥✱ ♣r❡ss t❤❡ ❤❡r❜ ❬❢♦r Soma❪ ✖
Indra s❤❛❧❧ ♣✉rs✉❡ ✐♠♣♦s✐♥❣✱ ❧②✐♥❣ ❛❣❛✐♥st ✇❛t❡rs s♥❛❦❡
✇❤✐❝❤ ❤❛s t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❢r❛♠❡ ❬✐❞❡❛s ❛♥❞ ♣❡r❝❡♣t✐♦♥❪
✇✐t❤ ✐❧❧✉s✐♦♥s✳
✶ Indra
✷ Indra✬s
✸ ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s
✹ t❤❡ ❢✉r②✱ t❤❡ ❞✐✈✐♥❡ ✇r❛t❤
✺ ❂❡♥❡r❣✐❡s
✻ ❛s♣✐r❛t✐♦♥s✱ ②❡❛r♥✐♥❣s✱ ❞❛②❞r❡❛♠s✱ ❝❤❛r❣❡❞ ✇✐t❤ ❞❡s✐r❡s✴❡♠♦t✐♦♥s ✐❞❡❛s
✻✷✹

vı́ .sū´ mŕ.dho janús.ā dā´namı́nvannáhan

gávā maghavansam . cakānáh. |
átrā dāsásya námuceh. śı́ro yád
ávartayo mánave gātúmichán || 7 ||

yújam . hı́ mā´mákr.thā ā´dı́dindra

śı́ro dāsásya námucermathāyán |
áśmānam . citsvaryàm. vartamānam .
prá cakrı́yeva ródası̄ marúdbhyah. || 8 ||

strı́yo hı́ dāsá ā´yudhāni cakré

. mā karannabalā´ asya sénāh. |
kı́m
antárhyákhyadubhé asya dhéne
áthópa praıdyudháye
´ dásyumı́ndrah. || 9 ||

sámátra gā´vo ′bhı́to ′navantehéha

vatsáırvı́yutā yádā´san |
. tā´ ı́ndro asr.jadasya śākaır
sám ´
yádı̄m
. sómāsah. .sús utā ámandan || 10 ||

yádı̄m
. sómā babhrúdhūtā ámandannároravı̄d
vr..sabháh. sā´danes.u |
puram . daráh. papivā´m̃
. ı́ndro asya
púnargávāmadadādusrı́yān.ām || 11 ||
 ✻✷✺

✼✳ ❚❤♦✉✱ t❤r♦✉❣❤ ❝✐r❝✉♠st❛♥❝❡s ♦❢ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❛t✐♦♥

❞r✐✈✐♥❣ ❛♥ ✐♥❝r❡❛s❡ ❬✐♥ str❡♥❣t❤✱ s♣❡❡❞✱ ❡t❝✳❪✱
❖ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡✱ s❛t✐s✜❡❞ ✇✐t❤ ❛♥ ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥ ✼
❬t❤♦✉❪ ❡❛s✐❧② ❞✐s♣❡rs❡ ✐♥❤✐❜✐t✐♦♥s ✖
✐♥ t❤✐s ❝❛s❡✱ t❤❡ ❤❡❛❞ ♦❢ ❞❡♠♦♥ Namuci
✽
t❤❛t t❤♦✉✱ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ ❛♥ ✉♥✐♠♣❡❞❡❞ ♣❛t❤✇❛② ❢♦r ❛♥ ✐♥t❡❧❧✐❣❡♥t ♠❛♥✱
❤❛✈❡ ❝❛✉s❡❞ t♦ ✇❤✐r❧ ✳ ✾
✽✳ ❏✉st ❛❢t❡r t❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ ♠❛❞❡ ♠❡ ②♦❦❡❞✱
❬t❤♦✉ ✖❪ ✇❤✐r❧✐♥❣ ❛r♦✉♥❞ t❤❡ ❤❡❛❞ ♦❢ ❞❡♠♦♥ Namuci✱
✐♥❞❡❡❞✱ ❬♠❛❞❡❪ t❤❡ r♦❝❦ r❡s♦✉♥❞✐♥❣✱ s♣✐♥♥✐♥❣✱
✶✵
t❤❡ t✇♦ Rodas✲❡s✱ ❧✐❦❡ t✇♦ ✇❤❡❡❧s ❬t♦ ❛ ❝❤❛r✐♦t❪✱
❬❜❡❝❛♠❡ ❤❛r♥❡ss❡❞❪ ❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ Marut✲s✳
✾✳ ❙✐♥❝❡ t❤❡ ❞❡♠♦♥ ❤❛s ♠❛❞❡ t❤❡ ❢❡♠❛❧❡s ❬❤✐s❪ ✇❡❛♣♦♥s✱
✶✶
✇❤❛t ❝♦✉❧❞ t❤❡② ❞♦ ❛❣❛✐♥st ♠❡❄ ❍✐s ❛r♠✐❡s ❧❛❝❦ str❡♥❣t❤✳
❙✐♥❝❡ ❤❡ ♦❜s❡r✈❡❞ ❬t❤❡♠❪
✶✷
✇✐t❤✐♥ ❜♦t❤ ❤✐s ♥♦✉r✐s❤✐♥❣ str❡❛♠s ✱
✶✸ ✶✹
t❤❡r❡❢♦r❡ Indra ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤❡❞ ❬t❤❡♠❪
t♦ ✜❣❤t t❤❡ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡ t♦ s✉✛❡r ✇❛♥t✳
✶✵✳ ■♥ t❤✐s ❝❛s❡ ❝♦✇s ♦♥ ❜♦t❤ s✐❞❡s ❢♦✉♥❞ t❤❡✐r ✇❛②✱
✶✺ ✶✻
✇❤❡♥ ❤❡r❡ ❛♥❞ t❤❡r❡ t❤❡② ✇❡r❡ s❡♣❛r❛t❡❞ ❢r♦♠ ❝❛❧✈❡s ✱ ✶✼
❛♥❞ Indra ❜② ❤✐s ♣♦✇❡rs ✉♥✐t❡❞ t❤❡♠
✇❤❡♥ ✇❡❧❧✲❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❞r♦♣s ♦❢ Soma ✐♥✢❛♠❡❞ ❤✐♠✳
✶✶✳ ❲❤❡♥ st✐rr❡❞✲❜②✲Babhru ❞r♦♣s ♦❢ Soma ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t❡❞ ❤✐♠✱
❤❡✱ r❡s❡♠❜❧✐♥❣ ❛ ❜✉❧❧✱ ❤♦✇❧❡❞ ❧♦✉❞❧② ✐♥ t❤❡ s❡❛ts ✳ ✶✽
❙tr♦♥❣❤♦❧❞✲❜r❡❛❦❡r Indra✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❞r✉♥❦ ♦❢ ✐t ✱ ✶✾
s❤❛❧❧ ②✐❡❧❞ ❬t❤❡ ❝❛❧✈❡s ❪ ♦❢ ❛♣♣❡❛r✐♥❣ ❛t ❞❛✇♥ ❝♦✇s ✳
✷✵ ✷✶

✼ ❧✐t✳ ✏❝♦✇✑
✽ ❤❡r❡ ❂ ✏❣✉✐❞❛♥❝❡✑
✾ t❤❛t ✐s✱ t♦ ❜❡ ❞✐s♦r✐❡♥t❡❞
✶✵ t❤❡ ♣❤②s✐❝❛❧ ❤❡❛❞
✶✶ ✇❛t❡rs t❤❛t ✇❡r❡ ❤✐s ♠✐str❡ss❡s✱ ♦r ❡♥❡r❣✐❡s ✖ ✺✳✸✵✳✺❞
✶✷ Indra
✶✸ ❞❡♠♦♥✬s
✶✹ ♣r♦❜✳ ✢♦✇s ✐♥ idā ❛♥❞ piṅgala
..
✶✺ ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s
✶✻ ❂♦❢ ❜♦t❤ ♥♦✉r✐s❤✐♥❣ str❡❛♠s
✶✼ s♣❡❝✐✜❝ ❡✛❡❝ts t❤❛t t❤❡ ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s t❡♥❞ t♦ ♣r♦❞✉❝❡
✶✽ t❤❛t ✐s✱ ✐♥ ❝❛❦r❛s
✶✾ Soma
✷✵ ❡✛❡❝ts
✷✶ ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s
✻✷✻

bhadrámidám . ruśámā agne akran

gávām
. catv ´
ā ri dádatah. sahásrā |
.rn.am. cayásya práyatā maghā´ni
prátyagrabhı̄s.ma nŕ.tamasya nr.n.ā´m || 12 ||

supéśasam . mā´va sr.jantyástam

.
gávām . sahásrai ruśámāso agne |
tı̄vrā´ ı́ndramamamanduh. sutā´so ′któr
vyus..tau páritakmyāyāh. || 13 ||

auchats
´ ā´ rā´trı̄ páritakmyā yā´m̃
.
r.n.am. cayé rā´jani ruśámānām |
átyo ná vāj´ı̄ raghúrajyámāno
babhrúścatvā´ryasanatsahásrā || 14 ||

cátuh.sahasram . gávyasya paśváh.

prátyagrabhı̄s.ma ruśámes.vagne |
gharmáścittaptáh. pravŕ.je yá ā´sı̄d
ayasmáyastámvā´dāma vı́prāh. || 15 ||
 ✻✷✼

✶✷✳ Ruśama✲s✱ ❣r❛♥t✐♥❣ ❢♦✉r t❤♦✉s❛♥❞s ♦❢ ❝♦✇s✱

♠❛❞❡ t❤✐s ❬❡♥❞❡❛✈♦r
✷✷ ❪ ❢♦rt✉♥❛t❡✱ ❖ Agni✱
✏✇❡ t♦♦❦ ❤♦❧❞ ♦❢ ❢❛r✲❡①t❡♥❞✐♥❣ ❜♦✉♥t✐❡s
♦❢ ❞❡❜t✲❝♦❧❧❡❝t✐♥❣
✷✸ ♦♥❡✱ ♦❢ t❤❡ ♠♦st ♠❛♥❧② ♦❢ ♠❡♥✑
✶✸✳ Ruśama✲s s❡♥❞ ♠❡ ♦✛ ❤♦♠❡ ✇❡❧❧✲❞❡❝♦r❛t❡❞
✇✐t❤ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞s ♦❢ ❝♦✇s✱ ❖ Agni✦
P✉♥❣❡♥t✱ ♣r❡ss❡❞ ♦✉t ❬❞r♦♣s ♦❢ Soma❪ ✐♥✢❛♠❡❞ Indra
❛t ♥✐❣❤t✱ ❛t ✜rst ❧✐❣❤ts ❬♦❢ ❞❛✇♥❪ ✖ ❬❛✇❛②❪ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ✉♥❝❡rt❛✐♥t②✳
✶✹✳ ❚❤❛t ♥✐❣❤t ♦❢ r❡st ✇❤✐❝❤ ❬✇❛s❪ ✉♥❝❡rt❛✐♥ ❤❛s ❣r♦✇♥ ❜r✐❣❤t
❢♦r t❤❡ ❞❡❜t✲❝♦❧❧❡❝t✐♥❣ ♦♥❡✱ ❢♦r t❤❡ ❝❤✐❡❢t❛✐♥ ♦❢ Ruśama✲s✳
▲✐❦❡ ✢❡❡t✱ ❝❛♣❛❜❧❡ ♦❢ ❛ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r ❝♦✉rs❡r
❬✐s❪ ❛♥♦✐♥t❡❞ ❬✇✐t❤ ❤♦♥♦rs❪✱
❬s♦❪ Babhru ♣r♦❝✉r❡❞ ❢♦✉r t❤♦✉s❛♥❞s ❬❝♦✇s❪✳
✶✺✳ ❆♠♦♥❣ Ruśama✲s ✇❡ ❤❛✈❡ t❛❦❡♥ ❤♦❧❞
♦❢ ❢♦✉r✲t❤♦✉s❛♥❞✲str♦♥❣ ❤❡r❞ ❝♦♥s✐st✐♥❣ ♦❢ ❝♦✇s✱ ❖ Agni ✦
❆❧s♦✱ ❬✇❡ ❤❛✈❡ t❛❦❡♥ ❤♦❧❞ ♦❢ ❪ t❤❡ ❤❡❛t❡❞ ❝❛✉❧❞r♦♥
✷✹
✇❤✐❝❤ ✇❛s t♦ ❜❡ ♣❧✉❝❦❡❞ ❢♦rt❤
✷✺ ❀
✷✻
❜✉t t❤❛t ♦♥❡ ✱ ♠❛❞❡ ♦❢ ♠❡t❛❧✱ ✇❡✱ ✐♥s♣✐r❡❞ ♦♥❡s✱ t❛❦❡ ❬❜❛❝❦❪✳

❚❤✐s ❤②♠♥ ✐s ❛ t❛❧❡ ♦❢ ❛♥ Indra✲❢♦r✲❤✐r❡ ✇❤♦ ✇❛s ❛s❦❡❞ ❜② Ruśama

❝❧❛♥ t♦ ❝♦❧❧❡❝t ❛ ❞❡❜t✱ ❛♥❞✱ ✐♥ r❡t✉r♥✱ t❤❡② ❣❛✈❡ t♦ ❤✐s ❜r♦t❤❡r✲
❤♦♦❞ ✭t❤♦s❡ ✇❤♦ ❛r❡ ❝❛❧❧✐♥❣ t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s ✏✐♥s♣✐r❡❞✑ ✐♥ ✈❡rs❡ ✶✺✮ ❢♦✉r
t❤♦✉s❛♥❞ ❝♦✇s✳

✷✷ ❞❡s❝r✐❜❡❞ ✐♥ t❤✐s ❤②♠♥ ✐♥ ✹✕✶✶

✷✸ ❧✐t✳ ♠❡❛♥✐♥❣ ♦❢ rnamcaya
..
✷✹ t❤✐s r❡❢❡rs t♦ t❤❡ ✐♥♥❡r ❤❡❛t ♦❢ Babhru t❤❛t ❡♥❛❜❧❡❞ ❤✐♠ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❧✐s❤❡❞ t❤❡
❞❡❡❞
✷✺ t❤❛t ✐s✱ ✏♠❛❞❡ ❞✐st✐♥❣✉✐s❤❡❞✱ ♣r♦♠♦t❡❞✱ ❤♦♥♦r❡❞✑
✷✻ ♣r♦❜✳ r❡❢❡rs t♦ ❛ ❝❛✉❧❞r♦♥ ✉s❡❞ ❢♦r ❤❡❛t✐♥❣ ♠✐❧❦ ❛♥❞ ❣❤❡❡ ✐♥ ❛ r✐t✉❛❧ s❡tt✐♥❣
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✺✳✸✶

Avasyu Ātreya | Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra

ı́ndro ráthāya pravátam . kr.n.oti

yámadhyásthānmaghávā vājayántam |
yūthéva paśvó vyunoti gopā´
áris..to yāti prathamáh. sı́s.āsan || 1 ||

ā´ prá drava harivo mā´ vı́ venah.

pı́śaṅgarāte abhı́ nah. sacasva |
nahı́ tvádindra vásyo anyádástyamenā´m̃
. ścij
jánivataścakartha || 2 ||

údyátsáhah. sáhasa ā´janis..ta

dédis..ta ı́ndra indriyā´n.i vı́śvā |
prā´codayatsudúghā vavré antár
′
. vavr.tváttámo vah. || 3 ||
vı́ jyótis.ā sam

ánavaste ráthamáśvāya taks.an

. puruhūta dyumántam |
tvás..tā vájram
brahmā´n.a ı́ndram . maháyanto arkáır
ávardhayannáhaye hántavā´ u || 4 ||

vŕ..sn.e yátte vŕ..san.o arkámárcān

ı́ndra grā´vān.o áditih. sajós.āh. |
anaśvā´so yé paváyo ′rathā´
ı́ndres.itā abhyávartanta dásyūn || 5 ||

prá te pū´rvān.i káran.āni vocam.

prá nū´tanā maghavanyā´ cakártha |
śáktı̄vo yádvibhárā ródası̄ ubhé
jáyannapó mánave dā´nucitrāh. || 6 ||
 ✻✷✾

✶✳ Indra ♠❛❦❡s ❛ s✇✐❢t ❝♦✉rs❡ ❢♦r ❛ ❝❤❛r✐♦t ✶

t❤❛t ❤❡✱ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s✱ ❛s❝❡♥❞❡❞✱ ❬t❤❛t❪ ❡♠♣❧♦②s ❛ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✳
▲✐❦❡ ❤❡r❞s♠❛♥ ❧❡❛❞s ♦♥ ❛ ❤❡r❞ ♦❢ ❝❛tt❧❡✱
❤❡ ✱ ♣r♦♦❢ ❛❣❛✐♥st ✐♥❥✉r②✱ ✇✐s❤✐♥❣ t♦ ♣r♦❝✉r❡
✷
❬❛♥ ❛❞✈❛♥t❛❣❡ ❢♦r ❤✐s ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s❪✱ ❛❞✈❛♥❝❡s ✜rst✳
✷✳ ❘✉s❤ ❢♦rt❤ ❤❡r❡✱ ❖ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞✲❜②✲t❛✇♥②✲♦♥❡s ♦♥❡✱
❞♦ ♥♦t ❜❡ ✐❧❧❞✐s♣♦s❡❞
t♦ ②✐❡❧❞✐♥❣ ✢❛♠❡✲❧✐❦❡ ❬❜✉rst ♦❢ ❡♥❡r❣② ❪✱ ✸
❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥② ✉s✦
❙✉r❡❧② t❤❡r❡ ✐s ♥♦t❤✐♥❣ ❜❡tt❡r t❤❛♥ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Indra✱
t❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ♠❛❞❡ ❡✈❡♥ t❤♦s❡ ✇❤♦ ❧❛❝❦ ❛♥②t❤✐♥❣
t♦ ❜❛rt❡r t♦ ❜❡ ✇✐t❤ ❛ ✇✐❢❡✳
✖✖
✸✳ ❲❤❡♥ ❤❡ ❤❛s ❜❡❣♦t ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ str❡♥❣t❤
❢r♦♠ ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ str❡♥❣t❤
❬♦❢ t❤❛t ✢❛♠❡✲❧✐❦❡ ❜✉rst ♦❢ ❡♥❡r❣②❪✱
Indra ❞✐r❡❝ts ❛❧❧ ♦❢ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡rs ♦✈❡r ❛✛❡❝t✐♦♥s✳
❍❡ ❞r♦✈❡ ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥t ❬✇❛t❡rs❪ ✐♥s✐❞❡ t❤❡ ❝❛✈❡✱
❤❡ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❡❞ ❝♦♥❣❧♦♠❡r❛t❡❞ ❬t❤❡r❡❪ ❞❛r❦♥❡ss ✇✐t❤ ❧✐❣❤t✳
✖✖
✹✳ Anu ♣❡♦♣❧❡ s❤❛❧❧ ♣r❡♣❛r❡ t❤② ❝❤❛r✐♦t ❢♦r ❛ ❤♦rs❡✱
Tvas..t.r ✖ ❜r✐❣❤t t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✱ ❖ ♠✉❝❤ ✐♥✈♦❦❡❞ ♦♥❡✦
❋♦r♠✉❧❛t♦rs✱ ♠❛❣♥✐❢②✐♥❣ Indra ✇✐t❤ ❤②♠♥s ♦❢ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t✐♦♥✱
♠❛❦❡ ❬❤✐♠ t♦♦❪ str♦♥❣ ❢♦r t❤❡ s♥❛❦❡ t♦ s❧❛② ❬❤✐♠❪✳
✺✳ ❲❤❡♥ ❢♦r t❤❡❡✱ ❢♦r t❤❡ ❜✉❧❧✱ ❖ Indra✱
❜✉❧❧s s✐♥❣ ❛ ❤②♠♥ ♦❢ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t✐♦♥ ✖
s✐♥❣❡rs ❛♥❞ Aditi ❛❝t✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❤❛r♠♦♥② ✇✐t❤ ❡❛❝❤ ♦t❤❡r✱
✇✐t❤♦✉t ❛ ❤♦rs❡✱ ✇✐t❤♦✉t ❛ ❝❤❛r✐♦t✱ ❞r✐✈❡♥ ❜② Indra✱
t❤❡ ♣✉r✐❢②✐♥❣ ❬✇❛t❡rs❪ t✉r♥ t♦✇❛r❞s ✐♠♣✉❧s❡s t♦ s✉✛❡r ✇❛♥t✳
✖✖
✻✳ ■ s❤❛❧❧ ♠❡♥t✐♦♥ t❤② ❢♦r♠❡r ❞❡❡❞s✱
t❤❡♥ r❡❝❡♥t ♦♥❡s t❤❛t t❤♦✉✱ ❖ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡✱ ♣❡r❢♦r♠❡❞✿
❬t❤❡ ❞❡❡❞s❪ ✇❤❡♥✱ ❖ ♣♦ss❡ss✐♥❣ ♣♦✇❡rs✱ t❤♦✉ ❤♦❧❞ ✐♥ ❡q✉✐♣♦✐s❡
❜♦t❤ Rodas✲❡s
❬t❤✉s❪ ✇✐♥♥✐♥❣ ❢♦r ❛♥ ✐♥t❡❧❧✐❣❡♥t ❬♠❛♥❪
✇❛t❡rs ✇❤♦s❡ ❞r♦♣s ❛r❡ ♠❛♥✐❢♦❧❞✳

✶ ❂ t❤❡ ❜♦❞② ♦❢ ❛ ✇❛rr✐♦r

✷ ✇❤♦s❡ ❜♦❞② Indra ❤❛s ❛s❝❡♥❞❡❞
✸ ♣r♦❜✳ ❤✐❣❤ ❛❞r❡♥❛❧✐♥❡ ❝♦♥❝❡♥tr❛t✐♦♥ ✐♥ t❤❡ ❜❧♦♦❞
✻✸✵

tádı́nnú te káran.am. dasma viprā´him .

yádghnánnójo átrā´mimı̄thāh. |
śús.n.asya citpári māyā´ agr.bhn.āh.
prapitvám . yánnápa dásyūm̃ . rasedhah. || 7 ||

tvámapó yádave turváśāyā´ramayah.

sudúghāh. pārá indra |
ugrámayātamávaho ha kútsam .
. ha yádvāmuśánā´ranta devā´h. || 8 ||
sám

ı́ndrākutsā váhamānā ráthenā´

vāmátyā ápi kárn.e vahantu |
nı́h. .sı̄madbhyó dhámatho nı́h. .sadhásthān
maghóno hr.dó varathastámām . si || 9 ||

vā´tasya yuktā´nsuyújaścidáśvān
kavı́ścides.ó ajagannavasyúh. |
vı́śve te átra marútah. sákhāya
ı́ndra bráhmān.i távis.ı̄mavardhan || 10 ||

sū´raścidrátham
. páritakmyāyām .
pū´rvam . karadúparam. jūjuvā´m
. sam |
bháraccakrámétaśah. sám
. rin.āti
puró dádhatsanis.yati krátum . nah. || 11 ||
 ✻✸✶

✼✳ ❏✉st t❤❛t t❤② ❞❡❡❞✱ ❖ ✐♥s♣✐r❡❞✱

❛❝❝♦♠♣❧✐s❤✐♥❣ ✇♦♥❞❡r❢✉❧ ❞❡❡❞s ♦♥❡✱
❬t❤❛t❪ ✐♥ t❤❛t ❝❛s❡✱ ✇❤❡♥ s❧❛②✐♥❣ t❤❡ s♥❛❦❡✱
t❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ♠♦❞❡r❛t❡❞ ❬t❤②❪ ❢r❡♥③②✱
t❤♦✉ ❡♥✈❡❧♦♣❡❞ ❡✈❡♥ Śus.n.a✬s ✐❧❧✉s✐♦♥s❀
❝♦♥t✐♥✉✐♥❣ t♦ ✢② ❢♦rt❤ t❤♦✉ ❞r♦✈❡ ❜❛❝❦ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡s t♦ s✉✛❡r ✇❛♥t✳
✹
✽✳ ❚❤♦✉ ♠❛❞❡ ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥t ✇❛t❡rs t♦ st❛② ❬❛s ✐❢❪ st✐❧❧
❢♦r Yadu ❬❛♥❞❪ Turvaśa
❬✇❤❡♥❪ ❜r✐♥❣✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡♠❪ ♦✈❡r✱ ❖ Indra✦
❨♦✉ t✇♦ ❜❡❝❛♠❡ ❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s ❬✇❤❡♥❪ t❤♦✉ ❞✐❞ ❧❡❛❞ Kutsa
✇❤❡♥ ✐♥❞❡❡❞ deva✲s ③❡❛❧♦✉s❧② ❥♦✐♥❡❞ ②♦✉ t✇♦✳
✾✳ ❖ Indra ❬❛♥❞❪ Kutsa✱ ❝♦♥✈❡②✐♥❣ ②♦✉rs❡❧✈❡s ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❛ ❝❤❛r✐♦t✱
❧❡t t❤❡ st❡❡❞s ❜r✐♥❣ ②♦✉ ❤❡r❡✱ ♥❡❛r t❤❡ ❡❛r ✦ ✺
❨♦✉ t✇♦ ❜❧♦✇ ✐t ♦✉t ♦❢ t❤❡r❡✱ ❛✇❛② ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ♠❡❡t✐♥❣ ♣❧❛❝❡
❬❛♥❞❪ ❦❡❡♣ ❛✇❛② ♠❡♥t❛❧ ♦❜s❝✉r❛t✐♦♥s
❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ❤❡❛rt ♦❢ ❛ ❜♦✉♥t✐❢✉❧ ❬✇♦rs❤✐♣❡r❪✳
✖✖
✶✵✳ ❚❤✐s ♣♦❡t✱ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ ❤❡❧♣✱ ❛❧s♦ ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤❡❞
②♦❦❡❞✱ ❡✈❡♥ ✇❡❧❧ ②♦❦❡❞ ❤♦rs❡s ♦❢ Vāta❀
✐♥ t❤✐s ❝❛s❡ ❛❧❧ t❤② ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥ Marut✲s✱ ❖ Indra✱
❞✐❞ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥s✱ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝♦♥tr♦❧✳
✶✶✳ ❉✉r✐♥❣ ✉♥❝❡rt❛✐♥t②✱
❡✈❡♥ t❤❡ ❝❤❛r✐♦t ♦❢ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ✈✐✈✐✜❡s✱
✻
t❤❛t ❬✇❛s❪ ❜❡❤✐♥❞✱ ❤❡ ♠❛❦❡s ❜❡✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❢r♦♥t✱ s♣❡❡❞✐♥❣✳
✼
❚❤❡ ✢✐❝❦❡r✐♥❣ ♦♥❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❜r✐♥❣ t❤❡ ✇❤❡❡❧ ✖ ❤❡ r❡♣❛✐rs ❬✐t❪✳
✽ ✾
❆❝❝❡♣t✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❛❞✈❛♥❝❡ ❬♦✉r s❛❝r✐✜❝❡❪
❤❡ ✇✐❧❧ ♣r♦❝✉r❡ ❢♦r ✉s r❡s♦✉r❝❡❢✉❧♥❡ss✳
✶✵
✖✖

✹ ♣r♦❜✳ ✏✉♣✇❛r❞s t❤❡ susumnā✑

.
✺ s♦ t❤❛t ❜♦t❤ ✇♦✉❧❞ ❡✛❡❝t ❛✉❞✐t♦r② ✐♠♣r❡ss✐♦♥s
✻ Indra
✼ Vāta ✖ ❤❡r❡ ♣r♦❜✳ ♠❡❛♥s ✐♥t❡♥s❡ ❜r❡❛t❤✐♥❣✱ ❤②♣❡r✈❡♥t✐❧❛t✐♦♥
✽ Agni
✾ manipūra ❝❛❦r❛
.
✶✵ Indra ✖ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✹✳✷✵✳✸❛❜
✻✸✷

ā´yám
. janā abhicáks.e jagāméndrah.
sákhāyam . sutásomamichán |
vádangrā´vā´va védim
. bhriyāte
yásya jı̄rámadhvaryávaścáranti || 12 ||

yé cākánanta cākánanta nū´ té

mártā amr.ta mó té ám . ha ā´ran |
vāvandhı́ yájyūm̃
. rutá tés.u dhehyójo
jánes.u yés.u te syā´ma || 13 ||
 ✻✸✸

✶✷✳ ❚❤✐s ♦♥❡✱ ❖ ♣❡♦♣❧❡✱ ❝❛♠❡ ❤❡r❡ t♦ ❜❡❤♦❧❞ ❛ ❢r✐❡♥❞✱

❬t❤✐s ♦♥❡✱❪ Indra s❡❡❦✐♥❣ ♣r❡ss❡❞ ♦✉t Soma✱
s♦ t❤❛t s♣❡❛❦✐♥❣ ❬♥♦✇❪ s✐♥❣❡r✱
✇❤♦s❡ q✉✐❝❦ ♠♦✈❡♠❡♥t adhvaryu✲s ✇✐❧❧ ❢♦❧❧♦✇✱
✇♦✉❧❞ ❜❡ ❜r♦✉❣❤t ❛✇❛② ❬❢r♦♠ ❤❡r❡❪✱ t♦ t❤❡ ❛❧t❛r✳
✶✸✳ ❲❤♦ ✇♦✉❧❞ str✐✈❡ ❛❢t❡r ❬✐t❪ t❤♦s❡ s❤❛❧❧ str✐✈❡ ❛❢t❡r ❬✐t❪ ♥♦✇✳
▼♦rt❛❧s✱ ❖ ✐♠♠♦rt❛❧ ♦♥❡ ✖ ♠❛② t❤❡② ♥♦t ❢❛❧❧ ✐♥t♦ ❛♥①✐❡t②✦
P❧❛❝❡ t❤♦s❡ ✇❤♦ s❡❡❦ t♦ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡ ✇✐t❤✐♥ ❬t❤②❪ r❡❛❝❤✱
❛♥❞ ♣✉t t❤❡ ✈✐❣♦✉r ✐♥t♦ t❤❡♠ ✖
✐♥t♦ ❢♦❧❦s ✇❤♦ ♠✐❣❤t ❜❡❝♦♠❡ t❤②✳
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✺✳✸✷

Gātu Ātreya | Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra

ádardarútsamásr.jo vı́ khā´ni

tvámarn.avā´nbadbadhānā´m̃ . aramn.āh. |
mahā´ntamindra párvatam . vı́ yádváh.
sr.jó vı́ dhā´rā áva dānavám. han || 1 ||

. .rtúbhirbadbadhānā´m̃
tvámútsām̃ .
áram
. ha ´
ū dhah. párvatasya vajrin |
áhim
. cidugra práyutam . śáyānam.
jaghanvā´m̃. indra . ı̄madhatthāh. || 2 ||
távis

tyásya cinmaható nı́rmr.gásya

vádharjaghāna távis.ı̄bhirı́ndrah. |
yá éka ı́dapratı́rmányamāna
ā´dasmādanyó ajanis..ta távyān || 3 ||

tyám . cides.ām
. svadháyā mádantam .
mihó nápātam . suvŕ.dham. tamogā´m |
vŕ..saprabharmā dānavásya bhā´mam .
vájren.a vajr´ı̄ nı́ jaghāna śús.n.am || 4 ||

tyám
. cidasya krátubhirnı́s.attam
amarmán.o vidádı́dasya márma |
yádı̄m
. suks.atra prábhr.tā mádasya
yúyutsantam . támasi harmyé dhā´h. || 5 ||

. ciditthā´ katpayám
tyám . śáyānam
asūryé támasi vāvr.dhānám |
tám
. cinmandānó vr..sabháh. sutásyoccaır
´
ı́ndro apagū´ryā jaghāna || 6 ||
 ✻✸✺

✶✳ ❚❤♦✉ ❞✐❞ ❜✉rst ❛❣❛✐♥ ❛♥❞ ❛❣❛✐♥ t❤❡ s♣r✐♥❣✱

❞✐❞ ♣♦✉r ❬✇❛t❡rs❪ ❢♦rt❤ t❤r♦✉❣❤ ❛♣❡rt✉r❡s✱
t❤♦✉ ❝❛❧♠❡❞ r❡♣❡❛t❡❞❧② r❡♣r❡ss❡❞ ✢♦♦❞s ✳ ✶
❲❤❡♥ t❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ ♣r❡s❡♥t ❛ ♠✐❣❤t② ❦♥♦tt② ♦♥❡✱
t❤♦✉ s❤♦✉❧❞ ❞✐s❝❤❛r❣❡ str❡❛♠s t❤❛t ♠❛✐♥t❛✐♥✱
t❤♦✉ s❤♦✉❧❞ ❞r✐✈❡ ❛✇❛② Dānava ✳ ✷
✷✳ ❚❤♦✉ ❤❛st❡♥❡❞ ❛❝❝♦r❞✐♥❣ t♦ t❤❡ ♣r♦♣❡r s❡q✉❡♥❝❡
r❡♣❡❛t❡❞❧② r❡♣r❡ss❡❞ s♣r✐♥❣s✱
t❤❡ ✉❞❞❡r ♦❢ t❤❡ ❦♥♦tt② ♦♥❡✱ ❖ ❜❡❛r❡r ♦❢ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✦
❆❧s♦✱ ❖ ❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s ♦♥❡✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ str✉❝❦
r❡♣♦s✐♥❣✱ ❝♦♥❢✉s❡❞ s♥❛❦❡✱
t❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❤❛✈❡ ❡✛❡❝t❡❞ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝♦♥tr♦❧✳
✸✳ Indra✱ ✉s✐♥❣ ❬❤✐s❪ ♣♦✇❡rs t♦ ❝♦♥tr♦❧✱ ❤❛s ❦♥♦❝❦❡❞ ♦✉t
t❤❡ ❞❡str✉❝t✐✈❡ ✇❡❛♣♦♥ ❡✈❡♥ ♦❢ t❤❛t ♠✐❣❤t② ❜❡❛st
✇❤♦ ❝♦♥s✐❞❡r❡❞ ❤✐♠s❡❧❢ t♦ ❜❡ t❤❡ ♦♥❧② ✐rr❡s✐st✐❜❧❡ ♦♥❡ ✖
t❤❡♥ ❛♥♦t❤❡r ❡♠❡r❣❡❞✱ str♦♥❣❡r t❤❛♥ ❤✐♠✳
✹✳ ❊✈❡♥ t❤❛t ♦♥❡ ♦❢ t❤❡s❡✱
❬✇❤♦❪ r❡✈❡❧s ✐♥ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r ♦❢ s❡❧❢✲❞❡t❡r♠✐♥❛t✐♦♥✱
t❤r✐✈✐♥❣ ♦✛s♣r✐♥❣ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❢♦❣ ❬✇❤♦ ✐s❪ st❛②✐♥❣ ♠❡♥t❛❧❧② ✐♥❡rt✱
❬✇❤♦ ✐s❪ ♣r❡s❡♥t✐♥❣ ❬❤✐♠s❡❧❢❪ ❛s ❛ ❜✉❧❧✱
❬✇❤♦ ✐s❪ t❤❡ ✇r❛t❤ ♦❢ Dānava✱
✇✐t❤ t❤❡ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲✇✐❡❧❞❡r
❤❛s str✐❝❦❡♥ ❞♦✇♥ ❬❤✐♠❪ ✖ Śus.n.a ✖
✺✳ ❤✐♠ ✐♥❞❡❡❞✱ ✇❤♦ ✐s ✐♠♣❧❛♥t❡❞ ❜② t❤✐s ♦♥❡✬s ❬♦✇♥❪ ❞❡s✐❣♥s✳
✸
❖❢ ❤✐♠✱ ✐♥✈✉❧♥❡r❛❜❧❡✱ ❤❡ ✐♥❞❡❡❞ ❢♦✉♥❞ ❛ ✈✉❧♥❡r❛❜❧❡ s♣♦t✱
✇❤❡♥ ❛t ❛♥ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣ ♦❢ ❛♥ ✐♥t♦①✐❝❛t✐♥❣ ❞r✐♥❦✱ ❤✐♠✱
❞❡s✐r✐♥❣ t♦ ✜❣❤t✱
❤❡✱ ❖ ♦♥❡ ♦❢ ❛ss✉r❡❞ s✉♣r❡♠❛❝②✱ ♣❧❛❝❡❞ ✐♥t♦ ❡♥❣r♦ss✐♥❣ ❞❛③❡✳
✻✳ ❚❤✉s ✈❡r✐❧② ❤✐♠✱ r❡♣♦s✐♥❣✱ s♣✐r✐t❧❡ss✱
❬❤✐♠✱ ✇❤♦❪ ✐s ❣r♦✇✐♥❣ str♦♥❣❡r ✐♥ ✐♥❛❝❝❡ss✐❜❧❡ ❞❛r❦♥❡ss ✱ ✹
❥✉st ❤✐♠✱ ❜❡❝♦♠✐♥❣ ✐♥✢❛♠❡❞ r❡s❡♠❜❧✐♥❣ ❛ ❜✉❧❧ Indra✱
❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❞❡♥✐❣r❛t❡❞ ❬❤✐♠❪✱ s❧❛②❡❞ ✇✐t❤ t❡♥❞✐♥❣ ✉♣✇❛r❞s ❬t❤♦✉❣❤ts❪✳

✶ ♦❢ ❡♠♦t✐♦♥s ❛♥❞ ❤♦r♠♦♥❡s

✷ ♦✛s♣r✐♥❣ ♦❢ Dānu ✖ ✏❜❡✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❧❛✐❞✲❜❛❝❦ st❛t❡✱ r❡❧❛①✐♥❣ ❛❢t❡r ❛ ❣r❡❛t ❡✛♦rt✑
✖ s❡❡ ✶✳✸✷
✸ ❛❞❡♣t ♦❢ Indra
✹ ✏✐♥❛❝❝❡ss✐❜❧❡ ❞❛r❦♥❡ss✑ ❂ ❞❡❡♣ s✉❜❝♦♥s❝✐♦✉s
✻✸✻

údyádı́ndro mahaté dānavā´ya

vádharyámis..ta sáho ápratı̄tam |
yádı̄m. vájrasya prábhr.tau dadā´bha
vı́śvasya jantóradhamám . cakāra || 7 ||

tyám. cidárn.am. madhupám . śáyānam

asinvám. vavrám . máhyā´dadugráh. |
apā´damatrám . mahatā´ vadhéna
nı́ duryon.á āvr.n.aṅmr.dhrávācam || 8 ||

kó asya śús.mam

. távis.ı̄m
. varāta
éko dhánā bharate ápratı̄tah. |
imé cidasya jráyaso nú dev´ı̄
ı́ndrasyaujaso
´ bhiyásā jihāte || 9 ||

nyàsmai dev´ı̄ svádhitirjihı̄ta

ı́ndrāya gātúruśat´ı̄va yeme |
sám
. yádójo yuváte vı́śvamābhir
ánu svadhā´vne ks.itáyo namanta || 10 ||

ékam . nú tvā sátpatim. pā´ñcajanyam.

jātám . jánes.u |
. śr.n.omi yaśásam
tám. me jagr.bhra āśáso návis..tham.
dos.ā´ vástorhávamānāsa ı́ndram || 11 ||
 ✻✸✼

✼✳ ❲❤❡♥ Indra ✇❡r❡ t♦ ✇✐❡❧❞ ❢♦r t❤❡ ❣r❡❛t Dānava

t❤❡ ❞❡str✉❝t✐✈❡ ✇❡❛♣♦♥ ✖
♥♦t✲❝♦✉♥t❡r❜❛❧❛♥❝❡❞ ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ str❡♥❣t❤✱
✇❤❡♥ ❞✉r✐♥❣ ❜r✐♥❣✐♥❣ ❢♦r✇❛r❞ ♦❢ t❤❡ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t
❤❡ ❛❜❛♥❞♦♥❡❞ ❤✐♠ ✖
❬t❤❡♥❪ ❤❡ ❤❛s ♠❛❞❡ ❬❤✐♠❪ t❤❡ ❧♦✇❡st ♦❢ ❛❧❧ ❝r❡❛t✉r❡s✳
✽✳ ❖❢ ✈❡r✐❧② t❤✐s ❤♦♥❡②✲❞r✐♥❦✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❛ str❡❛♠✱ r❡♣♦s✐♥❣✱
✐♥s❛t✐❛❜❧❡✱ ✈❡r② ♠✉❝❤ ❤✐❞✐♥❣ ❤✐♠s❡❧❢✱
t❤❡ ❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s ♦♥❡ t♦♦❦ ❤♦❧❞✳
❯s✐♥❣ ♠✐❣❤t② ✇❡❛♣♦♥ ❤❡ ♣✉t ✐♥t♦ ❛ ❜✐♥❞
t❤❡ ❢♦♦t❧❡ss ❞❡✈♦✉r❡r ✇❤♦s❡ s♣❡❡❝❤ ✇❛s ✐♥s✉❧t✐♥❣✳
✖✖
✾✳ ❲❤♦ ❝❛♥ r❡str❛✐♥ ❤✐s ❢❡r✈♦r✱ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝♦♥tr♦❧❄
❖♥❧② ❤❡✱ ♥♦t✲❝♦✉♥t❡r❜❛❧❛♥❝❡❞✱ ❝❛rr✐❡s ❬❛✇❛②❪ t❤❡ ♣r✐③❡s✳
❚❤r♦✉❣❤ ❛♣♣r❡❤❡♥s✐♦♥ ♦❢ Indra✬s ✈✐❣♦✉r ❛♥❞ ❤✐s ❡①♣❛♥s✐♦♥
❤❡ ♥♦✇ ❛❜❛♥❞♦♥s t❤❡ t✇♦ ❞✐✈✐♥❡ ♦♥❡s ❛s ✇❡❧❧✳
✺ ✻
✶✵✳ ❚♦ ❤✐♠ s❡❧❢✲♣♦s✐t✐♦♥✐♥❣ devı̄ ❣✐✈❡s ✇❛②✱
✼
❢♦r Indra ❛♥ ✉♥✐♠♣❡❞❡❞ ♣❛t❤✇❛② ❤❛s str❡t❝❤❡❞ ✐ts❡❧❢ ♦✉t
❧✐❦❡ ❛♥ ❡❛❣❡r ❬✇✐❢❡❪✳
❲❤❡♥ ❤❡ ✐♠♣❛rts t❤❡♠ t❤❡ ❛❧❧✲♣❡r✈❛❞✐♥❣ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱
t❤❡♥ s❡tt❧❡rs ✇♦✉❧❞ s✉❜♠✐t t♦ ❤✐♠
✇❤♦ ♣♦ss❡ss❡s t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r ♦❢ s❡❧❢✲❞❡t❡r♠✐♥❛t✐♦♥✳
✶✶✳ ◆♦✇ t♦ t❤❡❡ ❛❧♦♥❡✱ t♦ ♦✈❡rs❡❡r ♦❢ ✇❤❛t✬s r❡❛❧✱
❛r✐s✐♥❣ ✐♥ t❤❡ ✜✈❡ ❬tr✐❜❡s❪✱ ❛r✐s❡♥✱ ❡st❡❡♠❡❞ ❛♠♦♥❣ ♣❡♦♣❧❡✱
■ ❧✐st❡♥✳
▼② ❤♦♣❡s✱ ❝❛❧❧✐♥❣ ✉♣♦♥ Indra
t❤r♦✉❣❤♦✉t t❤❡ ❞❛r❦♥❡ss ♦❢ ❡❛r❧② ♠♦r♥✐♥❣✱
❤❛✈❡ ❣r❛s♣❡❞ ❛❢t❡r s✉❝❤ ❬❤♦♣❡❪✱ t❤❡ ♥❡✇❡st ♦♥❡✳

✺ Śusna
..
✻ Rodas✲❡s
✼ ♣r♦❜✳ Sarasvatı̄
✻✸✽

evā´ hı́ tvā´mr.tuthā´ yātáyantam .

maghā´ vı́prebhyo dádatam . śr.n.ómi |
. te brahmā´n.o gr.hate sákhāyo
kı́m
yé tvāyā´ nidadhúh. kā´mamindra || 12 ||
 ✻✸✾

✶✷✳ ❙✐♥❝❡ ■ ❤❡❛r ♦❢ ♦♥❧② t❤❡❡

✇❤♦ ✐s ♠❛❦✐♥❣ ❬♠❡♥❪ t♦ ❝♦♥♥❡❝t ❬t♦ t❤❡❡❪ ❛t ♣r♦♣❡r t✐♠❡
❬t❤✉s❪ ❣r❛♥t✐♥❣ ❜♦✉♥t✐❡s t♦ ❬t❤♦s❡❪ ✐♥s♣✐r❡❞ ❬❜② t❤❡❡❪✱
✇❤❛t ♦❢ t❤❡❡ ❧✐❦❡✲♠✐♥❞❡❞ ❬✇✐t❤ ②♦✉❪ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t♦rs✱
✇❤♦ ❤❛✈❡ ♣❧❛❝❡❞ ✐♥ t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s ❛ ❞❡s✐r❡ ❢♦r t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Indra✱
❞♦ ❡①t♦❧❄

❱❡rs❡s ✶✕✽ ❞❡s❝r✐❜❡ Indra ✜❣❤t✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❞❡♠♦♥ Śus.n.a ✖ t❤❡ ✏❞r②✐♥❣
♦♥❡✑ ✇❤♦ s❛♣s ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❛♥❞ ❜♦❞✐❧② ❡♥❡r❣✐❡s✱ ❜✉t r❡♠❛✐♥s ♠♦st❧② ✐♥
t❤❡ ❞❛r❦✳ ❚❤✐s ❞❡♠♦♥ ✐s ♣r♦❜❛❜❧② ✇❤❛t ❈✳❏✉♥❣ ❝❛❧❧❡❞ ✏❙❤❛❞♦✇✑✳
Indra ❛❧❧♦✇s ❤✐♠ t♦ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❞r✉♥❦ ♦♥ Soma ❛♥❞ t♦ ✈❡♥t✉r❡ t♦
❡①❤✐❜✐t ❤✐♠s❡❧❢✱ t❤✉s ❣✐✈✐♥❣ Indra ❛ ❝❤❛♥❝❡ t♦ ❞❡♣r✐✈❡ ❤✐♠ ♦❢ ❤✐s
♣♦✇❡rs t♦ ❝♦♥tr♦❧ ❜❡❤❛✈✐♦r ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ❞❡♣t❤ ♦❢ s✉❜❝♦♥s❝✐♦✉s♥❡ss✳
Indra ❞♦❡s ✐t ❜② ❜r✐♥❣✐♥❣ ❤✐♠ t♦ t❤❡ ❧✐❣❤t ♦❢ ❝♦♥s❝✐♦✉s♥❡ss ❛♥❞
❣✐✈✐♥❣ ❤✐♠ ♥❡❣❛t✐✈❡ ✈❛❧✉❛t✐♦♥✳
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✺✳✸✸

. varan.a Prājāpatya | Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra

Sam

máhi mahé taváse dı̄dhye n.´r̄n

ı́ndrāyetthā´ taváse átavyān |
yó asmai sumatı́m . vā´jasātau
stutó jáne samaryàścikéta || 1 ||

sá tvám . na indra dhiyasānó arkáır

hárı̄n.ām. vr..sanyóktramaśreh. |
yā´ itthā´ maghavannánu jós.am .
váks.o abhı́ prā´ryáh. saks.i jánān || 2 ||

ná té ta indrābhyàsmádr..svā´yuktāso

abrahmátā yádásan |
. vajrahastā´
tı́s..thā ráthamádhi tám
raśmı́m . deva yamase sváśvah. || 3 ||

purū´ yátta indra sántyukthā´

gáve cakárthorvárāsu yúdhyan |
tataks.é sū´ryāya cidókasi své
vŕ..sā samátsu dāsásya nā´ma cit || 4 ||

vayám . té ta indra yé ca nárah.

śárdho jajñānā´ yātā´śca ráthāh. |
ā´smā´ñjagamyādahiśus.ma sátvā
bhágo ná hávyah. prabhr.thés.u cā´ruh. || 5 ||

papr.ks.én.yamindra tvé hyójo

nr.mn.ā´ni ca nr.támāno ámartah. |
sá na énı̄m. vasavāno rayı́m
. dāh.
prā´ryá stus.e tuvimaghásya dā´nam || 6 ||
 ✻✹✶

✶✳ ❇❡✐♥❣ ♥♦t ✈❡r② str♦♥❣✱ ■ ✐♥t❡♥s❡❧② ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❡ ♠❡♥

❬s✉✐t❡❞❪ ❢♦r t❤❡ ♠✐❣❤t②✱ str♦♥❣ ♦♥❡ ✖❢♦r Indra✱
❢♦r t❤❡ r❡❛❧❧② str♦♥❣ ♦♥❡✱
❬■✱❪ ✇❤♦ ❛t ♦❜t❛✐♥✐♥❣ t❤❡ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r
❬♣❡r❢♦r♠❪ ❢♦r ❤✐♠ ❛♥ ❡✛❡❝t✐✈❡ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❣❡st✉r❡❀
❜❡✐♥❣ ❡✉❧♦❣✐③❡❞ ✐♥ ❛ ♣❡rs♦♥ ❛s ❜❛tt❧❡✲r❡❛❞② ✱ ✶
❤❡ ❤❛s ♥♦t✐❝❡❞✳
✷✳ ❙✉❝❤ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❡❞
❜② ♦✉r ❤②♠♥s ♦❢ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t✐♦♥✱
t❤♦✉✱ ❖ ❜✉❧❧✱ ❤❛✈❡ ❢❛st❡♥❡❞ t❤♦♥❣ ♦❢ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s❀
r❡❛❧❧②✱ ❖ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡✱
t❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ ❥♦✉r♥❡② t♦✇❛r❞s ❬t❤②❪ s❛t✐s❢❛❝t✐♦♥✳
❚❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ ✐♥❝r❡❛s❡ ✐♥ ✐♥t❡♥s✐t②❀
♦✈❡r♣♦✇❡r✱ ❡♥❞✉r❡ ♠❡♥ ♦❢ t❤❡ r✐s✐♥❣ ✉♣✇❛r❞s ♦♥❡ ✦ ✷
✸✳ ❚❤♦s❡ t❤② ❬❤♦rs❡s❪✱ ❖ Indra✱ s❤❛❧❧ ♥♦t ❜❡ ❡♥t✐r❡❧② ✉♥②♦❦❡❞
✐❢ ❬t❤❡r❡ ✐s❪ ♥♦ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛ ❬❝♦♥t✐♥✉♦✉s❧② r❡❝✐t❡❞❪ ❢r♦♠ ✉s✱
❖ ❤❡❧♣✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❞✐r❡ str❛✐❣❤ts ♦♥❡✦
❙t❛② ♦♥ t❤✐s ❝❤❛r✐♦t✱ ❖ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲✐♥✲❤❛♥❞ ♦♥❡✦
❚❤♦✉✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❡①❝❡❧❧❡♥t ❤♦rs❡s✱ ✇✐❡❧❞ ❤❡r❡ t❤❡ ✇❤✐♣✱ ❖ deva✳
✹✳ ❲❤❡♥ t❤❡r❡ ❛r❡ ✈❡rs❡s ❢♦r t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Indra✱
t❤♦✉✱ ✜❣❤t✐♥❣ ♦♥ ❢❡rt✐❧❡ s♦✐❧✱ ❤❛✈❡ ♠❛❞❡ ♠✉❝❤
❢♦r ❛♥ ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥❀
t❤♦✉✱ t❤❡ ❜✉❧❧✱ ❤❛✈❡ s❤❛♣❡❞ ❢♦r t❤❡ s✉♥ ✐♥ ✐ts ♦✇♥ ❤♦♠❡
t❤❡ ✈❡r② ♥❛t✉r❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❞❡♠♦♥ ❬❛s t♦ ❜❡ ✉s❡❞❪ ✐♥ ❝❧❛s❤❡s✳
✺✳ ❲❡✱ t❤♦s❡ ✇❤♦ ❬❛r❡❪ t❤②✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❛♥❞ ❬❛r❡❪ ♠❡♥✱
❤❛✈❡ ❡♠❡r❣❡❞ ❛s ❛ tr♦♦♣✱
❛♥❞ ❬❛r❡❪ ❡♥t❡r❡❞ ✉♣♦♥ ❬❜② t❤❡❡❪ ❬❛s❪ ❝❤❛r✐♦ts✳
❍❡ ✱ ❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❢❡r✈♦r ♦❢ ❛ s♥❛❦❡✱
✸ ✹
♠✐❣❤t ❤❛✈❡ ❝♦♠❡ t♦ ✉s ❛s ✐❢ r❡❛❧✱
❬❤❡✱❪ t♦ ❜❡ ❝❛❧❧❡❞ ✉♣♦♥ ❛s ❛ ❣♦♦❞ ❢♦rt✉♥❡✱
❢❛✈♦r✐t❡ ❛♠♦♥❣ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣s ❬t♦ Indra❪✳
✻✳ ❙✐♥❝❡ ✐♥ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Indra✱ ✐s t♦✲❜❡✲❛s❦❡❞✲❢♦r ❢r❡♥③②
❛♥❞ ♠❛♥❧② ♣♦✇❡rs✱ s✉❝❤ t❤♦✉✱ ❛ ❞❛♥❝✐♥❣ ✐♠♠♦rt❛❧✱
✇❤♦s❡ ✇❡❛❧t❤ ✐s ❜r❡❛t❤✱ s❤❛❧❧ ❣✐✈❡ ✉s t❤❡ ✢❡❡t✐♥❣ tr❡❛s✉r❡✳
■ ♣r❛✐s❡ ❜❡❢♦r❡ ❬❛♥②t❤✐♥❣ ❡❧s❡❪ ❬t❤✐s❪ ❣✐❢t ♦❢ ❣✐✈✐♥❣ ♠✉❝❤ ♦♥❡
✇❤♦ ✐s t❡♥❞✐♥❣ ✉♣✇❛r❞s✳
✶ ❛ss✉♠✐♥❣ samarya ❂ ✏❜❛tt❧❡✲r❡❛❞②✑ ❛❢t❡r ❬❏❛♠✐s♦♥ ❛♥❞ ❇r❡r❡t♦♥✱ ✷✵✶✹✱
♣✳✻✾✽❪
✷ ✐♥♥❡r Soma
✸ ✐♥♥❡r Soma
✹ ❛❜✐❧✐t② t♦ str✐❦❡ ❧✐❣❤t♥✐♥❣✲❧✐❦❡
✻✹✷

evā´ na indrotı́bhirava
pāhı́ gr.n.atáh. śūra kārū´n |
utá tvácam . dádato vā´jasātau
piprı̄hı́ mádhvah. sús.utasya cā´roh. || 7 ||

utá tyé mā paurukutsyásya sūrés

trasádasyorhiran.ı́no rárān.āh. |
váhantu mā dáśa śyétāso asya
gairiks.itásya krátubhirnú saśce || 8 ||

utá tyé mā mārutā´śvasya śón.āh.

krátvāmaghāso vidáthasya rātau ´ |
sahásrā me cyávatāno dádāna
ānūkámaryó vápus.e nā´rcat || 9 ||

utá tyé mā dhvanyàsya jús..tā

laks.man.yàsya surúco yátānāh. |
mahnā´ rāyáh. sam . váran.asya .ŕ.ser
vrajám. ná g ´
ā . práyatā ápi gman || 10 ||
vah
 ✻✹✸

✼✳ ❙♦✱ ❢❛✈♦✉r ✉s✱ ❖ Indra ✇✐t❤ ❬t❤②❪ ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❤❡❧♣✐♥❣

❞♦ ♣r♦t❡❝t ❡①t♦❧❧✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡❡❪ s✐♥❣❡rs ♦❢ ❡✉❧♦❣✐❡s✱ ❖ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✦
❆❧s♦✱ ❞♦ ❣r❛t✐❢② t❤♦s❡ ✇❤♦ ❛t ♦❜t❛✐♥✐♥❣ t❤❡ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r
♣r❡s❡♥t t♦♥❣✉❡✬s s✉r❢❛❝❡ ❬t❤❛t ✐s❪
♦❢ ✇❡❧❧✲❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❬t❤②❪ ❢❛✈♦r✐t❡ ❤♦♥❡② ✦ ✺
✖✖
✽✳ ❆❧s♦✱ ♠❛② t❤❡s❡✱ ❜❡st♦✇✐♥❣ ♦♥ ♠❡ ❛❞♦r♥❡❞✲✇✐t❤✲❣♦❧❞ ♦♥❡s
♦❢ t❤❡ ✐♥st✐t✉t♦r ♦❢ t❤❡ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡ Paurukutsya Trasadasyu✱
❬t❤❡s❡❪ ❤✐s t❡♥ r❡❞❞✐s❤✲✇❤✐t❡ ♦♥❡s ❝♦♥✈❡② ♠❡ ❬t♦ ❤✐s s✐❞❡❪ ✖
■ ♥♦✇ t❛❦❡ ♣❛rt ✐♥ ❞❡s✐❣♥s ♦❢ Gairiksita✳
✾✳ ❆❧s♦✱ ❬♠❛②❪ t❤❡s❡ r✉❞❞② ♦♥❡s ♦❢ Mārutāśva
✻ ✼
❬❜❡❪ s❦✐❧❧❢✉❧❧② ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s t♦✇❛r❞s ♠❡
❛t t❤❡ ❣✐❢ts✲t✐♠❡ ♦❢ ❛ ❦♥♦✇❧❡❞❣❡✲s❤❛r✐♥❣ s❡ss✐♦♥✱
❬♠❛②❪ Cyavatāna s✉❜s❡q✉❡♥t❧② ❬❜❡❪ ❣✐✈✐♥❣
✽
t❤♦✉s❛♥❞s ♦❢ ❤✐s ♦✇♥ ❢♦r ♠② s❛❦❡
❛s ✐❢ ❤❡ r❡❝♦♠♠❡♥❞❡❞ ❬t❤❡♠ t♦ ♠❡❪
❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ s❤❛♣❡ ♦❢ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ t❡♥❞s ✉♣✇❛r❞s✳
✾
✶✵✳ ❆❧s♦✱ ❬♠❛②❪ t❤❡s❡ ♣r♦♣✐t✐♦✉s r❛❞✐❛♥t ❝♦♥♥❡❝t✐♥❣ ♦♥❡s
♦❢ ✈✐s✐❜❧❡ ❢❛r ❛♥❞ ✇✐❞❡ ❬❣r♦✇✐♥❣❪ ✐♥ ❞r② s♦✐❧ ❬tr❡❡❪ ❬❣♦ t♦❪ ♠❡❀
❜② t❤❡✐r ❬✈❡r②❪ ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥❝❡ t❤❡② s❤❛❧❧ ❥♦✐♥ t❤❡ r✐❝❤❡s
♦❢ s❡❡r Samvarana
❛s ♦✛❡r❡❞ ❝♦✇s. ❬❥♦✐♥❪. ❛♥ ❡♥❝❧♦s✉r❡✳

✺ ❡①tr❛❝t ♦❢ Soma
✻ ♣r♦❜✳ st❛❧❦s ♦❢ Soma ♣❧❛♥t✱ ♦r s♦♠❡ ❦✐♥❞ ♦❢ s❡❡❞s ♦r ❜❡rr✐❡s
✼ ♣r♦❜✳ ♥❛♠❡ ♦❢ ❛ ♣❧❛♥t
✽ ♣r♦❜✳ ❛❧s♦ s♦♠❡ ♣❧❛♥t
✾ ✐♥♥❡r Soma
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✺✳✸✹

. varan.a Prājāpatya | ✶✕✽ Jagatı̄✱ ✾ Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra

Sam

ájātaśatrumajárā svàrvatyánu
svadhā´mitā dasmámı̄yate |
sunótana pácata bráhmavāhase
purus..tutā´ya pratarám. dadhātana || 1 ||

ā´ yáh. sómena jat.háramápipratā´mandata

maghávā mádhvo ándhasah. |
yádı̄m . mr.gā´ya hántave mahā´vadhah.
. yámat || 2 ||
sahásrabhr..s.timuśánā vadhám

yó asmai ghram . sá utá vā yá ū´dhani

sómam . sunóti bhávati dyumā´m̃ . áha |
ápāpa śakrástatanús..timūhati
tanū´śubhram. maghávā yáh. kavāsakháh. || 3 ||

yásyā´vadhı̄tpitáram . yásya mātáram .

yásya śakró bhrā´taram . nā´ta ı̄s.ate |
vét´ı̄dvasya práyatā yatam . karó
ná kı́lbis.ādı̄s.ate vásva ākaráh. || 4 ||

ná pañcábhirdaśábhirvas..tyārábham
.
nā´sunvatā sacate pús.yatā caná |
jinā´ti védamuyā´ hánti vā dhúnir
ā´ devayúm . bhajati gómati vrajé || 5 ||

vitváks.an.ah. sámr.tau cakramāsajó ′sunvato

vı́s.un.ah. sunvató vr.dháh. |
ı́ndro vı́śvasya damitā´ vibh´ı̄.san.o
yathāvaśám . nayati dā´samā´ryah. || 6 ||
 ✻✹✺

✶✳ ❯♥❞❡❝❛②✐♥❣ ✐♠♠❡♥s❡ ♣♦ss❡ss✐♥❣✲♦❢✲svar ♣♦✇❡r ♦❢ s❡❧❢✲❞❡t❡r♠✐♥❛t✐♦♥

❢♦❧❧♦✇s ❛❝❝♦♠♣❧✐s❤✐♥❣ ✇♦♥❞❡r❢✉❧ ❞❡❡❞s✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ♥♦ r✐✈❛❧s ♦♥❡✳
❉♦ ②❡ ♣r❡ss ❬Soma❪✱ ❞♦ r✐♣❡ ❬✐♥♥❡r ❤❡❛t❪ ❢♦r ❤✐♠
✇❤♦ ✐s ❝♦♥✈❡②❡❞ ❜② ❛ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥✱
❢♦r ♠✉❝❤✲❡✉❧♦❣✐③❡❞ ♦♥❡✱ r❡♥❞❡r ❬❤✐♠❪ ♠♦r❡ ❡①t❡♥❞❡❞✳
✖✖
✷✳ ❍❡✱ ✇❤♦ ✜❧❧❡❞ ❬❤✐s❪ ❜❡❧❧② ✇✐t❤ Soma✱
❣♦t ❞r✉♥❦ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❤♦♥❡② ♦❢ t❤❡ ❤❡r❜
✇❤❡♥ ❝❛rr②✐♥❣ ❛ ♠✐❣❤t② ✇❡❛♣♦♥ Uśanas ✇❡r❡ t♦ ✇✐❡❧❞ ❤✐♠✱
❤❛✈✐♥❣✲t❤♦✉s❛♥❞✲s♣✐❦❡s ✇❡❛♣♦♥✱ t♦ str✐❦❡ ❬Vr.tra❪ t♦ ❣♦ ✇✐❧❞✳
✸✳ ❲❤♦ ❢♦r ❤✐♠ ♣r❡ss❡s Soma ✐♥ t❤❡ ❤❡❛t ❬♦❢ t❤❡ ❞❛②❪
♦r ✇❤♦ ❬♣r❡ss❡s ✐t❪ ❞✉r✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♥✐❣❤t✱ ❤❡ s✉r❡❧② ❜❡❝♦♠❡s ❧✉❝✐❞✳
❚❤❡ ❡♠♣♦✇❡r✐♥❣ ♦♥❡ ♣✉s❤❡s ❛✇❛② ❜✐t✲❜②✲❜✐t ❤✐♠
✇❤♦ ✐s ✇✐s❤✐♥❣ t♦ s❤♦✇ ❤✐♠s❡❧❢ ❀ ✶
t❤❡ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡✱ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② ❛ st✐♥❣② ♦♥❡✱
❬✐s❪ r❡♣❧❡♥✐s❤✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❜♦❞② ❬♦❢ ❤✐s ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡r❪✳
✹✳ ❲❤♦s❡ ❢❛t❤❡r ❤❡ ✈❛♥q✉✐s❤❡❞✱ ✇❤♦s❡ ♠♦t❤❡r✱
✇❤♦s❡ ❜r♦t❤❡r✱ t❤❡ ❡♠♣♦✇❡r✐♥❣ ♦♥❡ ❞♦❡s ♥♦t ✢❡❡ ❢r♦♠ ❤✐♠✳
❍❡✱ ♠❛❦✐♥❣ ❬t❤❛t ♠❛♥❪ s✉❜❞✉❡❞✱ ❥✉st ❡❛❣❡r❧② s❡❡❦s ❤✐s ♦✛❡r✐♥❣s❀
❤❡✱ ❣✐✈✐♥❣ ❜❡♥❡✜ts ✐♥ ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥❝❡✱
❞♦❡s ♥♦t ✢❡❡ ❢r♦♠ ❛♥ ✐♥❥✉r②✳
✺✳ ❍❡ ❞♦❡s ♥♦t ✇✐s❤ t♦ ❣❛✐♥ ❛ ❢♦♦t✐♥❣
t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ✜✈❡ ❬♦r❪ t❡♥ ❬deva✲s❪✱
❤❡ ❞♦❡s ♥♦t ❛ss♦❝✐❛t❡ ❤✐♠s❡❧❢ ✇✐t❤ ♥♦♥✲♣r❡ss✐♥❣ ❬Soma❪ ❬♠❛♥❪
♥♦r ✇✐t❤ ♥♦♥✲♥♦✉r✐s❤✐♥❣ ❬❤✐s ❜♦❞②❪ ♦♥❡ ✖
❤❡✱ ❜♦✐st❡r♦✉s✱ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ❤❡r ✱ ✷
❡✐t❤❡r ❥✉st ♦♣♣r❡ss❡s ♦r s❧❛②s ❬❤✐♠❪✳
❍❡ ❧❡t deva✲s❡❡❦✐♥❣ ❬♠❛♥❪ t♦ ❤❛✈❡ ❛ s❤❛r❡
✐♥ r✐❝❤✲✐♥✲❝♦✇s ❡♥❝❧♦s✉r❡✳
✻✳ ■♥ ❛ ❝❧❛s❤ ❬❤❡✱❪ ❛❞❤❡r✐♥❣ t♦ t❤❡ ✇❤❡❡❧ ✱ ✸
❬✐s❪ r❡♠♦✈✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❜❛rr✐❡r ♦❢ t❤❡ s❦✐♥ ❀ ✹
❛✈♦✐❞✐♥❣ ♥♦♥✲♣r❡ss✐♥❣ ❬Soma❪ ❬♠❛♥❪✱ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥✐♥❣ ♣r❡ss✐♥❣ ♦♥❡✱
Indra ✐s ❛ t❡rr✐❢②✐♥❣ t❛♠❡r ♦❢ ❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣❀
❝♦♥❞✉❝t✐♥❣ ✉♣✇❛r❞s ♦♥❡ s✉❜❞✉❡s ❛ s❛✈❛❣❡ ❛s ❤❡ ✇✐s❤❡s✳
✺

✶ ♣r♦❜✳ Śusna
..
✷ ♣r♦❜✳ t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤
✸ manipūra ❝❛❦r❛
.
✹ ❜② ♠❛❦✐♥❣ s❦✐♥ s✉♣❡rs❡♥s✐t✐✈❡ ❛♥❞ r❡♠♦✈✐♥❣ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❜♦✉♥❞❛r② ✏♦✉ts✐❞❡✲
t❤❡✲❜♦❞② ✈s✳ ✐♥s✐❞❡✲t❤❡✲❜♦❞②✑
✺ ❧✐t✳ ārya
✻✹✻

sámı̄m. pan.érajati bhójanam . mus.é

. vásu |
vı́ dāśús.e bhajati sūnáram
durgé caná dhriyate vı́śva ā´ purú
jáno yó asya távis.ı̄mácukrudhat || 7 ||

sám
. yájjánau sudhánau viśváśardhasāváved
ı́ndro maghávā gós.u śubhrı́s.u |
yújam. hyànyámákr.ta pravepanyúdı̄m .
gávyam. sr.jate sátvabhirdhúnih. || 8 ||

sahasrasā´mā´gniveśim . gr.n.ı̄s.e
śátrimagna upamā´m . ketúmaryáh. |
tásmā ā´pah. sam
. yátah. pı̄payanta
tásminks.atrámámavattves.ámastu || 9 ||
 ✻✹✼

✼✳ ❉r✐✈✐♥❣ t❤❛t
✻ ♦❢ ❛ ♠✐s❡r t♦ ♦♥❡ ♣❧❛❝❡✼ ✐♥ ♦r❞❡r t♦ st❡❛❧
❬✐ts❪ s♦✉r❝❡ ♦❢ ❡♥❥♦②♠❡♥t✱
❤❡ ❛♣♣♦rt✐♦♥s t♦ ❬❤✐s❪ ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡r ✇❡❛❧t❤ t❤❛t ♠❛❦❡s ❤✐♠ ❥♦②❢✉❧✱
❛♥❞ ❛♥ ✏❛❧❧✲❝♦♥t❛✐♥✐♥❣✑ ♣❡rs♦♥ ✇❤♦ ❤❛s ♣r♦✈♦❦❡❞
❤✐s ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝♦♥tr♦❧ ❬❡♥t✐r❡ ❜♦❞②❪
✐s ♥♦t t♦ ❜❡ ♦❢t❡♥ ❤❡❧❞ ✐♥ ❤❛r❞✲t♦✲❡s❝❛♣❡ ♣❧❛❝❡✳
✽✳ ❲❤❡♥ Indra✱ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♠✐❞st r❡♣❧❡♥✐s❤✐♥❣✴❡♥❤❛♥❝✐♥❣ ❬❤✐♠❪
❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s✱
✜♥❞s ♦✉t t✇♦ ✈❡r② r✐❝❤ ♠❡♥ ❬❝♦♠✐♥❣❪ t♦❣❡t❤❡r
✇✐t❤ ❬t❤❡✐r❪ ❡♥t✐r❡ tr♦♦♣s✱
t❤❡ ❜♦✐st❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ t✇♦✱ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ❬❤✐s❪ ✇❛rr✐♦rs✱
♣♦✉r ♦✉t ❛t ❤✐♠
✽ ❝♦♥s✐st✐♥❣ ♦❢ ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s ❬s♣❡❡❝❤✾ ❪✱
s✐♥❝❡ ✐❢ ❤❡
✶✵ ✇❡r❡ t♦ ♠❛❦❡ ❛♥♦t❤❡r ❬❤✐s❪ ②♦❦❡♠❛t❡
❤❡ ❬✇♦✉❧❞ ❜❡❪ ❝❛✉s✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡♠❪ t♦ tr❡♠❜❧❡✳
✖✖
✾✳ ■ ❡①t♦❧ ❜❡st♦✇✐♥❣ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞ ❬❣✐❢ts❪ Āgniveśi Śatri
❛s ❛ str✐❦✐♥❣ ❡①❛♠♣❧❡ ♦❢ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ❝♦♥❞✉❝ts ✉♣✇❛r❞s ❬t❤❡ Soma❪✳
❇r✐♥❣✐♥❣ ❝♦❤❡r❡♥❝❡ ✇❛t❡rs s❤❛❧❧ s✇❡❧❧ ❢♦r ❤✐♠✳
▼❛② ✈❡❤❡♠❡♥t ❢♦r❝❡❢✉❧ s✉♣r❡♠❛❝② ❜❡ ✐♥ ❤✐♠✦

❚❤❡ ✈❡rs❡ ✹ ❞❡s❝r✐❜❡s t❤❡ st❛t❡ ♦❢ ✉tt❡r ✇❡❛❦♥❡ss ❛♥❞ ❞❡♣r❡ss✐♦♥

t❤❛t ❢♦❧❧♦✇ t❤❡ st❛t❡ ♦❢ ❜❡✐♥❣ ♣♦ss❡ss❡❞ ❜② Indra✳ ■t ✐s ❧✐❦❡❧② t❤❛t t❤❡
✏❢❛t❤❡r✑ ✐♥ t❤❡ ✈❡rs❡ r❡❢❡rs t♦ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥✱ t❤❛t ✐s t❤❡ ♠❡♥t❛❧ s♣❤❡r❡✱
t❤❡ ✏♠♦t❤❡r✑ t♦ t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤✱ ♦r t❤❡ ♣❤②s✐❝❛❧ ❜♦❞②✱ ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ✏❜r♦t❤❡r✑
t♦ ❜r♦t❤❡r✲✐♥✲❛r♠s✱ ❛ ♠❡♠❜❡r ♦❢ t❤❡ s❛♠❡ tr♦♦♣ ♦❢ Marut✲s✳ ❚❤❡
✈❡rs❡ t❤✉s st❛t❡s t❤❛t ✐♥ t❤✐s ❞❡♣r❡ss❡❞ st❛t❡ ♦♥❡ ❜❡❝♦♠❡s ✉♥s♦❝✐❛✲
❜❧❡✱ ❞❡✈♦✐❞ ♦❢ ♣❤②s✐❝❛❧ str❡♥❣t❤ ❛♥❞ ❝♦❣♥✐t✐✈❡ s❤❛r♣♥❡ss t❤❛t ✐s s♦
❡①❡❧❧❡♥t ✐♥ t❤❡ st❛t❡ ♦❢ Indra✳

✻ t❤❡ ✇✐❧❧
✼ t❤❛t ✐s✱ t♦ ❜❡ ❝♦♥t❛✐♥❡❞ ✐♥ t❤❡ ❡❣♦
✽ Indra
✾ vacas
✶✵ Indra
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✺✳✸✺

Prabhūvasa Āṅgirasa | ✶✕✼ Anus..tubh✱ ✽ Paṅkti | t♦ Indra

yáste sā´dhis..thó ′vasa ı́ndra krátus..támā´ bhara |

asmábhyam . cars.an.ı̄sáham . sásnim. vā´jes.u dus..táram || 1 ||

yádindra te cátasro yáchūra sánti tisráh. |

yádvā páñca ks.itı̄nā´mávastátsú na ā´ bhara || 2 ||

ā´ té ′vo váren.yam . vŕ..santamasya hūmahe |

vŕ..sajūtirhı́ jajñis.á ābhū´bhirindra turván.ih. || 3 ||

vŕ..sā hyási rā´dhase jajñis.é vŕ..sn.i te śávah. |

sváks.atram . te dhr..sánmánah. satrāhámindra paum ´ . syam || 4 ||

. támindra mártyamamitrayántamadrivah. |
tvám
sarvarathā´ śatakrato nı́ yāhi śavasaspate || 5 ||

tvā´mı́dvr.trahantama jánāso vr.ktábarhis.ah. |

ugrám. pūrv´ı̄.su pūrvyám
. hávante vā´jasātaye || 6 ||
 ✻✹✾

✶✳ ❚❤♦✉ ❢❛✈♦✉r ❬❤✐♠❪ ✇❤♦ ✐s t❤❡ ♠♦st ❡✛❡❝t✐✈❡

✶
❢♦r t❤❡❡ ❬t♦ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st t❤②s❡❧❢❪✱ ❖ Indra✦
❍✐♠ t❤♦✉ ✱ r❡s♦✉r❝❡❢✉❧✱ ❞♦ ❜r✐♥❣ ❤❡r❡
✷ ✸
❢♦r ♦✉r s❛❦❡✱ ❬❤✐♠❪ ✇❤♦ ♦✈❡r♣♦✇❡rs t❤♦s❡
✇❤♦ ❞r❛✇ t♦ t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s ✱ ✹
❬❤✐♠✱❪ ❜❡st♦✇✐♥❣ ❞✉r✐♥❣ ❛ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r
❞✐✣❝✉❧t t♦ s✉r♣❛ss ❬str❡♥❣t❤ ❪✳ ✺
✷✳ ❲❤❡♥✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❢♦✉r✱
✇❤❡♥✱ ❖ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱ t❤r❡❡✱
♦r✱ ✇❤❡♥ ✜✈❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❝❧❛♥s ❛r❡ t❤②✱
t❤❡♥ ❜r✐♥❣ q✉✐❝❦❧② t♦ ✉s ❬t❤②❪ ❛ss✐st❛♥❝❡✦
✖✖
✸✳ ❚♦✲❜❡✲♣r❡❢❡rr❡❞ ❛ss✐st❛♥❝❡ ♦❢ t❤❡❡✱ ♦❢ t❤❡ ♠♦st ❜✉❧❧✲❧✐❦❡✱
✇❡ s✉♠♠♦♥ ❤❡r❡✳
❙✐♥❝❡ t❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ❡♠❡r❣❡❞ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❤❡ t❤r✉st ♦❢ ❛ ❜✉❧❧✱
✇✐t❤ ❬t❤❡s❡❪ ❤❡❧♣❡rs ❬t❤♦✉ ❛r❡❪ ♦✈❡r♣♦✇❡r✐♥❣✳
✹✳ ❙✐♥❝❡ ✐♥ ♦r❞❡r t♦ s❛t✐s❢② t❤② ❞❡s✐r❡ t❤♦✉ ❛r❡ ❛ ❜✉❧❧✱
t❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❡❞ ✐♥ ❛ ❜✉❧❧ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡ ❢♦r t❤② s❛❦❡✳
❚❤② ♠✐♥❞ ❬✐s❪ ❞❛r✐♥❣✱ ❛ ♠❛st❡r ♦❢ ✐ts❡❧❢✱
❬t❤②❪ ♠❛♥❧② str❡♥❣t❤ ✐s ❛❧✇❛②s s❧❛②✐♥❣✳
✺✳ ❚♦✇❛r❞s ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❤♦st✐❧❡ ✐♥t❡♥t✐♦♥s ♠♦rt❛❧✱ ❖ st♦♥❡✲✇✐❡❧❞❡r✱
❞♦ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❥♦✉r♥❡② ❞♦✇♥✇❛r❞s ✱ ✻
❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❛ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ✇✐❧❡s ♦♥❡✱
t❤r♦✉❣❤ t❤❡ ❡♥t✐r❡ ❝❤❛r✐♦t ✱ ❖ ♠❛st❡r ♦❢ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✦
✼
✻✳ ■t ✐s ❥✉st t❤❡❡✱ ❖ t❤❡ ❜❡st s❧❛②❡r ♦❢ Vr.tra✱
❬✇❤♦♠❪ ♣❡rs♦♥s✱ ✇❤♦s❡ s❛❝r✐✜❝✐❛❧ ❣r❛ss ❤❛s ❜❡❡♥ t✇✐st❡❞✱
✐♥✈♦❦❡ t♦ ♦❜t❛✐♥ ❛ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱
❬t❤❡❡✱❪ ❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s ❬❛♥❞❪ ♣r✐♥❝✐♣❛❧ ✐♥ ♠❛♥② ❬❝❧❛s❤❡s❪✳
✖✖

✶ Indra
✷ Indra
✸ ✇❛rr✐♦r t♦ ❜❡ ♣♦ss❡ss❡❞ ❜② Indra
✹ s❡♥s❡s
✺ sahas
✻ t❤❛t ✐s✱ ✏st✐r ❛♥✐♠❛❧ ❧✐❦❡ ❢✉r② ❜✉t ✇✐t❤♦✉t ❝♦♥s❝✐♦✉s ❝♦♥tr♦❧ ♦❢ ✐t✑
✼ ❂✏❜♦❞②✑
✻✺✵

asmā´kamindra dus..táram
. puroyā´vānamājı́s.u |
sayā´vānam
. dhánedhane vājayántamavā rátham || 7 ||

asmā´kamindréhi no ráthamavā púram . dhyā |

vayám . śavis..tha vā´ryam
.
. manāmahe || 8 ||
divı́ śrávo dadhı̄mahi divı́ stómam
 ✻✺✶

✼✳ ❉♦ ❢❛✈♦✉r ♦✉r ❝❤❛r✐♦t✱ ❖ Indra✱

t❤❛t ✐s ❞✐✣❝✉❧t t♦ s✉r♣❛ss✱ t❤❛t ✐s ❧❡❛❞✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❜❛tt❧❡s
t❤❛t ♣❛rt✐❝✐♣❛t❡s ✐♥ ❡✈❡r② ❝♦♥t❡st✱
t❤❛t ✐s ♣r❛❝t✐❝✐♥❣ r✉s❤❡s ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✳
✽✳ ❖✉r✱ ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤ ♦✉r ❝❤❛r✐♦t✱ ❖ Indra✦
❍❡❧♣ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ❜❡❛r✐♥❣ ❢✉❧❧♥❡ss ❬str❡❛♠✽❪✦
❲❡✱ ❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♠♦st ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡ ♦♥❡✱ ❝❛♥ s❡t
✐♥ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ❬t❤②❪ ♣r❡❝✐♦✉s ❛✉❞✐t♦r② ✐♠♣r❡ss✐♦♥✱
✇❡ ❬❝❛♥❪ t❤✐♥❦ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❤②♠♥ ♦❢ ♣r❛✐s❡
❬❛s ❜❡✐♥❣ ❡♥t✐r❡❧②❪ ✐♥ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥✾✳

✽ ✢♦✇ ♦❢ susumnā
.
✾ t❤❛t ✐s✱ ❛s ❜❡✐♥❣ ❡♥t✐r❡❧②
♦♥ ❛ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❧❡✈❡❧ ❛s ♦♣♣♦s❡❞ t♦ ❜❡✐♥❣ ✐♥❞✉❝❡❞ ❜②
✐♥❝❧✉s✐♦♥ ✐♥t♦ s♦❝✐❛❧ str✉❝t✉r❡s✱ ♦r ❤❛❜✐t✱ ❡t❝✳
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✺✳✸✻

Prabhūvasa Āṅgirasa | ✶✱✷✱✹✕✻ Tris..tubh✱ ✸ Jagatı̄ | t♦ Indra

sá ā´ gamadı́ndro yó vásūnām.

cı́ketaddā´tum
. dā´mano rayı̄n.ā´m |
dhanvacaró ná vám . sagastr..sān.áś
cakamānáh. pibatu dugdhámam . śúm || 1 ||

ā´ te hánū harivah. śūra śı́pre

rúhatsómo ná párvatasya pr..s.thé |
ánu tvā rājannárvato ná hinván
gı̄rbhı́rmadema puruhūta vı́śve || 2 ||

cakrám. ná vr.ttám

. puruhūta vepate
máno bhiyā´ me ámaterı́dadrivah. |
ráthādádhi tvā jaritā´ sadāvr.dha
kuvı́nnú stos.anmaghavanpurūvásuh. || 3 ||

es.á grā´veva jaritā´ ta indréyarti

vā´cam. br.hádāśus.ān.áh. |
prá savyéna maghavanyám . si rāyáh.
prá daks.in.ı́ddharivo mā´ vı́ venah. || 4 ||

vŕ..sā tvā vŕ..san.am. vardhatu dyaur

´
vŕ..sā vŕ..sabhyām . vahase háribhyām |
sá no vŕ..sā vŕ..sarathah. suśipra
vŕ..sakrato vŕ..sā vajrinbháre dhāh. || 5 ||

yó róhitau vājı́nau vājı́nı̄vān

tribhı́h. śatáıh. sácamānāvádis..ta |
yū´ne sámasmai ks.itáyo namantām .
śrutárathāya maruto duvoyā´ || 6 ||
 ✻✺✸

✶✳ ❙❤♦✉❧❞ s✉❝❤ Indra ❝♦♠❡ ❤❡r❡

✇❤♦ ✇♦✉❧❞ ❛✐♠ ❛t ❛♣♣♦rt✐♦♥✐♥❣ ♦❢ ❜❡♥❡✜ts✱
❬✇❤♦ ✇♦✉❧❞ ❜❡❪ ✐♠♣❛rt✐♥❣ r✐❝❤❡s✱
❧❡t ❤✐♠✱ ❞❡s✐r♦✉s ❧✐❦❡ r♦❛♠✐♥❣ ❞❡s❡rt t❤✐rst✐♥❣ ♦①✱
s✐♣ ♠✐❧❦❡❞ st❛❧❦✦
✖✖
✷✳ Soma s❤❛❧❧ r✐s❡ ✉♣ t♦ t❤② ❝❤❡❡❦s✱
❖ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞✲❜②✲t❛✇♥②✲♦♥❡s ♦♥❡✱
t♦ ❧✐♣s✱ ❖ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱ ♥♦t ✐♥ t❤❡ ❜❛❝❦ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❦♥♦tt② ♦♥❡✱
❆❢t❡r ❬t❤❛t❪✱ ❖ ❝❤✐❡❢t❛✐♥✱ ❛❧❧ ♦❢ ✉s ♠✐❣❤t ✐♥✢❛♠❡✱
❧✐❦❡ ❤❡ ✇❤♦ ✐s ❞r✐✈✐♥❣ ❤♦rs❡s ❞♦❡s✱
t❤❡❡✱ ❖ ♠✉❝❤ ✐♥✈♦❦❡❞ ♦♥❡✱ ✇✐t❤ s♦♥❣s✳
✸✳ ❆s s❡t ✐♥ ♠♦t✐♦♥ ✇❤❡❡❧✱ ❖ ♠✉❝❤ ✐♥✈♦❦❡❞ ♦♥❡✱
♠② ♠✐♥❞ q✉✐✈❡rs ✇✐t❤ ❢❡❛r
✐❢ ♦♥❧② ❜❡❝❛✉s❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ✐♠♣✉❧s✐✈❡♥❡ss✱ ❖ st♦♥❡✲✇✐❡❧❞❡r✦
❙❤♦✉❧❞ ■✱ ❬t❤②❪ ✐♥✈♦❦❡r✱ ❖ ❛❧✇❛②s✲str❡♥❣t❤❡♥✐♥❣ ♦♥❡✱
❡①t♦❧ t❤❡❡✱ ✐♥st❡❛❞ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❝❤❛r✐♦t✱ ❖ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡✱
❬■✱❪ ❜❡♥❡✜t❡❞ ✐♥ ♠❛♥② ✇❛②s❄✦
✹✳ ❚❤✐s t❤②✱ ❖ Indra✱ ✐♥✈♦❦❡r✱ ❧✐❦❡ ❛ s✐♥❣❡r✱
❣r❡❛t❧② str✐✈✐♥❣✱ r❛✐s❡s ❬❤✐s❪ ✈♦✐❝❡✳
❲✐t❤ ❧❡❢t ❤❛♥❞✱ ❖ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡✱ ♦✛❡r r❡✇❛r❞s✱
✇✐t❤ t❤❡ r✐❣❤t ❤❛♥❞✦ ❖ ♠❛st❡r ♦❢ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s✱
❞♦ ♥♦t ❜❡ ✐❧❧✲❞✐s♣♦s❡❞✦
✺✳ ▼❛② ❜✉❧❧ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥ ❜✉❧❧ t❤❡❡✦
❚❤♦✉✱ ❛ ❜✉❧❧✱ ❝♦♥✈❡② t❤②s❡❧❢ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ❜✉❧❧s✳
❬❇❡✐♥❣❪ s✉❝❤✱ ❛ ❜✉❧❧✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❝❤❛r✐♦t t❤❛t ✐s ❧✐❦❡ ❛ ❜✉❧❧✱
❖ s❡❧❡❝t✐✈❡ ♦♥❡✱
❜❡✐♥❣ r❡s♦✉r❝❡❢✉❧ ❛s ❛ ❜✉❧❧✱ ❖ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲✇✐❡❧❞❡r✱
t❤❡ ❜✉❧❧ s❤❛❧❧ s❡t ✉s ✉♣ ❢♦r ❛ ❜❛tt❧❡✳
✻✳ ❲❤♦✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ t✇♦ ❝❛♣❛❜❧❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r ❬♠❛r❡s❪✱
❤❛s ❛ss✐❣♥❡❞ ❬t♦ ♠❡❪
❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② t❤r❡❡ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ❬✇❛rr✐♦rs❪ t✇♦
❝❛♣❛❜❧❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r ❝❤❡st♥✉t ❬st❛❧❧✐♦♥s❪✱
t♦ ❤✐♠✱ t♦ t❤❡ ②♦✉♥❣ ♦♥❡✱ ❧❡t ❝❧❛♥s s✉❜♠✐t ❛s ♦♥❡✱
t♦ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦s❡ ❝❤❛r✐♦t ✐s r❡♥♦✇♥❡❞✱ ❖ Marut✲s✱
❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ r❡❛❞✐♥❡ss ❢♦r ❛❝t✐♦♥✳
❚❤✐s ❤②♠♥ s❡❡♠s t♦ ❜❡ ❛ s♣❡❡❝❤ ✐♥ ❢❛✈♦✉r ♦❢ s❡❧❡❝t✐♥❣ ❛ ♣❛rt✐❝✉❧❛r
❛❞❡♣t ♦❢ Indra t♦ ❜❡ ❛ ❧❡❛❞❡r ❢♦r ❝♦♠✐♥❣ ♠✐❧✐t❛r② ❝❛♠♣❛✐❣♥✳
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✺✳✸✼

Atri Bhauma | Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra

sám. bhānúnā yatate sū´ryasyājúhvāno

ghr.tápr..s.thah. sváñcāh. |
tásmā ámr.dhrā us.áso vyùchān
yá ı́ndrāya sunávāmétyā´ha || 1 ||

sámiddhāgnirvanavatstı̄rn.ábarhir
yuktágrāvā sutásomo jarāte |
grā´vān.o yásyes.irám
. vádantyáyad
adhvaryúrhavı́s.ā´va sı́ndhum || 2 ||

vadhū´riyám. pátimichántyeti
. váhāte máhis.ı̄mis.irā´m |
yá ı̄m
ā´sya śravasyādrátha ā´ ca ghos.āt
purū´ sahásrā pári vartayāte || 3 ||

ná sá rā´jā vyathate yásminnı́ndras

tı̄vrám. sómam . pı́bati gósakhāyam |
ā´ satvanáırájati hánti vr.trám .
ks.éti ks.it´ı̄h. subhágo nā´ma pús.yan || 4 ||

pús.yātks.éme abhı́ yóge bhavātyubhé

vŕ.tau sam . yat´ı̄ sám
. jayāti |
priyáh. sū´rye priyó agnā´ bhavāti
yá ı́ndrāya sutásomo dádāśat || 5 ||
 ✻✺✺

✶
✶✳ ❍❡ ✱ ❜❡✐♥❣ s✉♠♠♦♥❡❞✱ ❣❤❡❡✲❜❛❝❦❡❞✱ ❝✉r❧✐♥❣ ♥✐❝❡❧②✱
❛❧✐❣♥s ❤✐♠s❡❧❢ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ❛♣♣❡❛r❛♥❝❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ s✉♥✳
❋♦r ❤✐♠ ✉♥❝❡❛s✐♥❣ ❞❛✇♥s s❤❛❧❧ ❣r♦✇ ❜r✐❣❤t ✇❤♦ s❛✐❞✱
✏▲❡t ✉s ♣r❡ss ❬Soma❪ ❢♦r Indra✑✳
✷✳ ❍❡ ✇❤♦s❡ ✜r❡ ✐s ❧✐t✱ ✇❤♦s❡ s❛❝r✐✜❝❛❧ ❣r❛ss ✐s str❡✇♥✱
✇✐❧❧ ♣❧❛❝❡ ❬Indra❪ ✇✐t❤✐♥ ❬❤✐s❪ r❡❛❝❤❀
❤❡ ✇❤♦ ✐s ❥♦✐♥❡❞ ❜② s✐♥❣❡rs✱ ✇❤♦s❡ Soma ✐s ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞✱
✐♥✈♦❦❡s ❬Indra❪✳
❲❤♦s❡ s✐♥❣❡rs s♣❡❛❦ ✐♥ ❛ st✐♠✉❧❛t✐♥❣ ♠❛♥♥❡r✱
❤❡✱ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ ✇❛②s t♦ ♣r♦❝❡❡❞✱
✏✇✐❧❧ ❣♦ ❞♦✇♥ t❤❡ r✐✈❡r ✇✐t❤ ❛♥ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣✑ ✳
✷
✸
✸✳ ❚❤✐s ❜r✐❞❡ ✱ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ ❛ ❤✉s❜❛♥❞
✇❤♦ ✇♦✉❧❞ ❧❡❛❞ ❤❡r ❬❤♦♠❡❪ ❛s ❛♥ ✐♥st✐❣❛t✐♥❣ q✉❡❡♥✱ ✢♦✇s✱
s♦ t❤❛t ❤✐s ❝❤❛r✐♦t ✇♦✉❧❞ ❡♠♣❧♦② ❛♥ ❛✉❞✐t♦r② ✐♠♣r❡ss✐♦♥
❛♥❞ ✉tt❡r ❛ ❜❛tt❧❡❝r②✱
s♦ t❤❛t ✐t ✇♦✉❧❞ ❜r✐♥❣ ❛r♦✉♥❞ ♠❛♥② t❤♦✉s❛♥❞s ❬✈❡rs❡s❪✳
✹✳ ❚❤❛t ❝❤✐❡❢t❛✐♥ ❞♦❡s ♥♦t ❣♦ ❛str❛② ✐♥ ✇❤♦♠ Indra ❞r✐♥❦s
♣✉♥❣❡♥t✱ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② ♠✐❧❦✱ Soma✳
❲✐t❤ ❬❤✐s❪ ✇❛rr✐♦rs ❤❡ ❞r✐✈❡s t♦ ❬❛♥❞❪ s❧❛②s Vr.tra✳
❍❡ ❞✇❡❧❧s q✉✐❡t❧②✱ ❢♦st❡r✐♥❣ ❬❤✐s❪ ❝❧❛♥s✱
❬❤❡ ✐s❪ ❝❛❧❧❡❞ ✏❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❣♦♦❞ ❢♦rt✉♥❡✑✳
✺✳ ❍❡ s❤❛❧❧ ✢♦✉r✐s❤ ✇❤❡♥ ❞✇❡❧❧✐♥❣ ✐♥ ♣❡❛❝❡
✹
❤❡ s❤❛❧❧ ♦✈❡r❝♦♠❡ ✇❤❡♥ ❜❡✐♥❣ ❡♥❣❛❣❡❞ ❬✐♥ ✇❛r❪
❤❡ s❤❛❧❧ s✉❜❞✉❡ ❬t❤❡ s❡♥s❡s❪ ✐♥ ❝❤♦♦s✐♥❣ ❜♦t❤
❝♦♠✐♥❣ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ❬Rodas✲❡s❪✳
❍❡ ✇♦✉❧❞ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❞❡❛r t♦ t❤❡ s✉♥✱ ❞❡❛r t♦ Agni✱
✇❤♦✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ Soma✱ ❤❛s ❤♦♥♦r❡❞ Indra✳

✶ ✜r❡
✷ ♣r♦❜✳ ♦✛❡r ❤✐♠s❡❧❢ t♦ ❜❡ ❝❤❛♥❣❡❞✱ tr❛♥s❢♦r♠❡❞
✸ ❡✐t❤❡r ✏t❤❡ r✐✈❡r✑✱ ✇❤✐❝❤ ❤❡r❡ ♣r♦❜✳ ♠❡❛♥s ✏t❤❡ ✢♦✇ ♦❢ sus.umnā✑✱ ♦r s♣❡❡❝❤
✹ ✏❝♦♥❞✐t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❧✐✈✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❛ s❡tt❧❡❞ st❛t❡ ✐♥ ❛ s❛t✐s❢❛❝t♦r② ❧♦❝❛t✐♦♥✑
❬P❛❧✐❤❛✇❛❞❛♥❛✱ ✷✵✶✶✱ ♣✳✷❪
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✺✳✸✽

Atri Bhauma | Anus..tubh | t♦ Indra

urós..ta indra rā´dhaso vibhv´ı̄ rātı́h. śatakrato |

ádhā no viśvacars.an.e dyumnā´ suks.atra mam . haya || 1 ||

yádı̄mindra śravā´yyamı́s.am
. śavis..tha dadhis.é |
paprathé dı̄rghaśrúttamam . hı́ran.yavarn.a dus..táram || 2 ||

śús.māso yé te adrivo mehánā ketasā´pah. |

ubhā´ devā´vabhı́s..taye diváśca gmáśca rājathah. || 3 ||

utó no asyá kásya ciddáks.asya táva vr.trahan |

asmábhyam . nr.mn.ámā´ bharāsmábhyam . nr.man.asyase || 4 ||

nū´ ta ābhı́rabhı́s..tibhistáva śármañchatakrato |

ı́ndra syā´ma sugopā´h. śū´ra syā´ma sugopā´h. || 5 ||
 ✻✺✼

✶✳ ❋r♦♠ ❡①❝❡ss✐✈❡ s❛t✐s❢❛❝t✐♦♥ ♦❢ t❤② ❞❡s✐r❡✱

❬❝♦♠❡s❪ ❛❧❧✲♣❡r✈❛❞✐♥❣ ❣✐❢t✱ ❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ✇✐❧❡s ♦♥❡✦
❚❤❡r❡❢♦r❡✱ ❖ ❞r❛✇✐♥❣ t♦ t❤②s❡❧❢ ❡✈❡r②♦♥❡✱
❣r❛♥t ✉s ♣♦✇❡rs t♦ s❤❡❞ ❧✐❣❤t ❬♦♥ ♦✉r ♦✇♥ ❜❡✐♥❣s❪✱
❖ ♦♥❡ ♦❢ ❛ss✉r❡❞ s✉♣r❡♠❛❝②✦
✷✳ ❲❤❡♥ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♠♦st ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡ Indra✱
❤❛✈❡ ♦❜t❛✐♥❡❞ ❤✐♠✱ t♦✲❜❡✲♣r❛✐s❡❞
♣♦ss❡ss✐♥❣ s❛♣ ❛♥❞ str❡♥❣t❤ ❬♦♥❡ ❪✱
✶
❤❡ ❤❛s ❡①t❡♥❞❡❞ ❤✐♠s❡❧❢ ❬♦✈❡r❪ ❤❡❛r❞✲♦❢✲❢❛r✲❛♥❞✲✇✐❞❡✱
❞✐✣❝✉❧t t♦ s✉r♣❛ss ❬❝❤❛r✐♦t❪✱
❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❛ ❣♦❧❞❡♥ ❛♣♣❡❛r❛♥❝❡ ♦♥❡✦
✸✳ ❬❚❤♦s❡❪ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡s ✇❤✐❝❤ ❛r❡ t❤②✱ ❖ st♦♥❡✲✇✐❡❧❞❡r✱
❬❛r❡❪ ♣r♦❢✉s❡❧② s❡r✈✐♥❣ ✐♥t❡♥t✐♦♥s ❬♦❢ t❤❡ ♦t❤❡r deva❪✳
❇♦t❤ deva✲s r✉❧❡ ♦✈❡r t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥
❛♥❞ ♦✈❡r t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤ ✐♥ ♦r❞❡r t♦ ❛ss✐st✳
✹✳ ❆♥❞ ❜r✐♥❣ t♦ ✉s t❤❡ ❝♦✉r❛❣❡ ♦❢ ❤✐♠ ✖
✇❤♦❡✈❡r ❬❤❡ ♠✐❣❤t ❜❡❪ ✖ ❬❛♥❞❪ t❤②✱
❖ s❧❛②❡r ♦❢ Vr.tra✱ ♣♦✇❡r ♦❢ ❞✐s❝❡r♥♠❡♥t✦
❋♦r ✉s t❤♦✉ ❛r❡② ♠❛♥❧② ♠✐♥❞❡❞✳
✺✳ ◆♦✇✱ t❤r♦✉❣❤ t❤❡s❡ t❤②✱ ❖ Indra✱ ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❛ss✐st✐♥❣✱
❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ✇✐❧❡s ♦♥❡✱ ♠❛② ✇❡ ❜❡
✐♥ t❤② s❤❡❧t❡r✱ ✇❡❧❧ ♣r♦t❡❝t❡❞✱
♠❛② ✇❡ ❜❡ ✇❡❧❧ ♣r♦t❡❝t❡❞✱ ❖ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✦

✶ Soma
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✺✳✸✾

Atri Bhauma | ✶✕✹ Anus..tubh✱ ✺ Paṅkti | t♦ Indra

yádindra citra mehánā´sti tvā´dātamadrivah. |

rā´dhastánno vidadvasa ubhayāhastyā´ bhara || 1 ||

yánmányase váren.yamı́ndra dyuks.ám . tádā´ bhara |

vidyā´ma tásya te vayámákūpārasya dāváne || 2 ||

yátte ditsú prarā´dhyam . máno ásti śrutám . br.hát |

téna dr...dhā´ cidadriva ā´ vā´jam
. dars.i sātáye || 3 ||

mám. his..tham
. vo maghónām. rā´jānam
. cars.an.ı̄nā´m |
´
ı́ndramúpa práśastaye pūrvı̄bhirjujus.e gı́rah. || 4 ||

ásmā ı́tkā´vyam . syam |

. váca ukthámı́ndrāya śám
tásmā u bráhmavāhase
gı́ro vardhantyátrayo gı́rah. śumbhantyátrayah. || 5 ||
 ✻✺✾

✶✳ ❲❤❛t✱ ❖ ♠❛♥✐❢♦❧❞ Indra✱

✐s ❣✐✈❡♥ ❜② t❤❡❡ ✐♥ ♣r♦❢✉s✐♦♥✱ ❖ st♦♥❡✲✇✐❡❧❞❡r✱
t❤❛t s❛t✐s❢❛❝t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ♦✉r ❞❡s✐r❡✱ ❖ ✜♥❞✐♥❣ ❜❡♥❡✜ts ♦♥❡✱
❜r✐♥❣ ❤❡r❡ ✇✐t❤ ❜♦t❤ ❤❛♥❞s✦
✷✳ ❲❤❛t t❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ t❤✐♥❦ t♦ ❜❡ ♣r❡❢❡rr❡❞✱
t❤❛t✱ ❡♠♣♦✇❡r❡❞ ❜② t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥✱ ❜r✐♥❣ ❤❡r❡✦
▲❡t ✉s ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❛❝q✉❛✐♥t❡❞ ✇✐t❤ s✉❝❤ t❤❡❡
t❤❛t ✐s ✉♥❜♦✉♥❞❡❞ ✖ ✐♥ ♦r❞❡r t♦ ❣✐✈❡✳
✸✳ ❲❤✐❝❤ t❤② ❞❡s✐r✐♥❣✲t♦✲❣✐✈❡ t♦✲❜❡✲s❛t✐s✜❡❞ ❬✐♥ t❤❛t❪
♠✐♥❞s❡t ✐s ❢❛♠❡❞ ❛s ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥t ❬✇✐t❤ ❜❡♥❡✜ts❪✱
❥✉st ✇✐t❤ t❤❛t✱ ❖ st♦♥❡✲✇✐❡❧❞❡r✱
t❤♦✉ ❢♦r❝❡❞ ♦♣❡♥ str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞s ❢♦r ♦❜t❛✐♥✐♥❣ t❤❡ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✳
✖✖
✹✳ ❖♥❡ ❞❡❧✐❣❤ts ✐♥ Indra ✖
✐♥ t❤❡ ♠♦st ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s t♦✇❛r❞s ②♦✉ ❛♠♦♥❣ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡s✱
t❤❡ ❝❤✐❡❢t❛✐♥ ♦❢ t❤♦s❡ ✇❤♦ ❞r❛✇ t♦ t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s ✖
✶
✇✐t❤ ♠❛♥② ❬st❛♥③❛s ❪ ♦❢ ❛ s♦♥❣ ✖ ❢♦r t❤❡ s✉✣❝✐❡♥❝② ✳
✷ ✸
✺✳ ❏✉st ❢♦r ❤✐♠✱ ❢♦r Indra
♣♦❡tr②✱ ✉tt❡r❛♥❝❡✱ ✈❡rs❡ ✐s t♦ ❜❡ r❡❝✐t❡❞✳
❋♦r t❤❛t ♦♥❡ ✇❤♦ ✐s ❝♦♥✈❡②❡❞ ❜② ❛ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥
Atri✲s ❡❧❡✈❛t❡ ❝❤❛♥ts✱
Atri✲s ❡♥❤❛♥❝❡ ❝❤❛♥ts✳

✶ s❡♥s❡s
✷ rc
.
✸ ♦❢ r❛✐s❡❞ ✐♥♥❡r Soma t♦ ✐♥✈♦❦❡ Indra
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✺✳✹✵

Atri Bhauma | ✶✕✸ Us.n.ih✱ ✺✱✾ Anus..tubh✱ ✹✱✻✲✽ Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra

ā´ yāhyádribhih. sutám

. sómam . somapate piba |
vŕ..sannindra vŕ..sabhirvr.trahantama || 1 ||

vŕ..sā grā´vā vŕ..sā mádo vŕ..sā sómo ayám

. sutáh. |
vŕ..sannindra vŕ..sabhirvr.trahantama || 2 ||

. huve vájriñcitrā´bhirūtı́bhih. |
vŕ..sā tvā vŕ..san.am
vŕ..sannindra vŕ..sabhirvr.trahantama || 3 ||

.rjı̄s.´ı̄ vajr´ı̄ vr..sabhásturās.ā´.t

chus.m´ı̄ rā´jā vr.trahā´ somapā´vā |
yuktvā´ háribhyāmúpa yāsadarvā´ṅ
mā´dhyam . dine sávane matsadı́ndrah. || 4 ||

yáttvā sūrya svàrbhānustámasā´vidhyadāsuráh. |

áks.etravidyáthā mugdhó bhúvanānyadı̄dhayuh. || 5 ||

svàrbhānorádha yádindra māyā´

avó divó vártamānā avā´han |
. sū´ryam
gū..dhám . támasā´pavratena
tur´ı̄yen.a bráhman.āvindadátrih. || 6 ||

mā´ mā´mimám. táva sántamatra

irasyā´ drugdhó bhiyásā nı́ gārı̄t |
tvám
. mitró asi satyárādhās
´ mehā´vatam
tau . várun.aśca rā´jā || 7 ||

grā´vn.o brahmā´ yuyujānáh. saparyán

kı̄rı́n.ā devā´nnámasopaśı́ks.an |
átrih. sū´ryasya divı́ cáks.urā´dhāt
svàrbhānorápa māyā´ aghuks.at || 8 ||
 ✻✻✶

✶✳ ❏♦✉r♥❡② t♦ ♣r❡ss❡❞ ✇✐t❤ st♦♥❡s Soma✱

❖ ♠❛st❡r ♦❢ Soma✱ ❞r✐♥❦✦
❖ ❜✉❧❧ Indra t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ❜✉❧❧s✱ ❖ t❤❡ ❜❡st s❧❛②❡r ♦❢ Vr.tra✦
✷✳ ❙✐♥❣❡r ✖ ❛ ❜✉❧❧✱ ✐♥t♦①✐❝❛t✐♥❣ ❞r✐♥❦ ✖ ❛ ❜✉❧❧
t❤✐s ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ Soma ✖ ❛ ❜✉❧❧✳
❖ ❜✉❧❧ Indra t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ❜✉❧❧s✱ ❖ t❤❡ ❜❡st s❧❛②❡r ♦❢ Vr.tra✦
✸✳ ■✱ ❛ ❜✉❧❧✱ ❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥ t❤❡❡ t❤❡ ❜✉❧❧✱
❖ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲✇✐❡❧❞❡r✱ ❬t❤❡❡✱❪
❬t♦❣❡t❤❡r❪ ✇✐t❤ ✈❛r✐♦✉s ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❤❡❧♣✐♥❣✳
❖ ❜✉❧❧ Indra t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ❜✉❧❧s✱ ❖ t❤❡ ❜❡st s❧❛②❡r ♦❢ Vr.tra✦
✖✖
✹✳ ❍❛✈✐♥❣ ❞✐r❡❝t ✐♠♣❛❝t✱ ❜❡❛r✐♥❣ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✱ ❛♣♣❡❛r✐♥❣ ❛s ❛ ❜✉❧❧✱
♣r❡✈❛✐❧✐♥❣ q✉✐❝❦❧②✱
✜❡r② ❦✐♥❣ ❬✐s❪ Soma✲❞r✐♥❦✐♥❣ s❧❛②❡r ♦❢ Vr.tra✳
❇❡✐♥❣ ❡♥❞♦✇❡❞ ✇✐t❤ t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s
❤❡✱ ❝♦♠✐♥❣ ❤✐t❤❡r✇❛r❞✱ ✇✐❧❧ ❛rr✐✈❡✳
Indra ✇✐❧❧ r❡✈❡❧ ❛t t❤❡ ♠✐❞❞❛② ♣r❡ss✐♥❣✳
✺✳ ❲❤❡♥ ♦♥❡ ♦❢ ❣✉✐❞✐♥❣ s♣✐r✐ts ✖ Svarbhānu ✖
t❛✐♥t❡❞ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ s✉♥✱ ✇✐t❤ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ✐♥❡rt✐❛ ✱
✶
t❤❡② ✱ ❝♦♥t❡♠♣❧❛t❡❞ ✖
✷
❧✐❦❡ ♣❡r♣❧❡①❡❞ ♥♦t✲❢❛♠✐❧✐❛r✲✇✐t❤✲❧♦❝❛❧✐t✐❡s ❬♠❛♥❪
❢❛❝❡ts ♦❢ ❧✐❢❡✳
✻✳ ❚❤❡♥✱ ✇❤❡♥ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ ♣✉r❣❡❞ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥
t✉r♥✐♥❣ ❬t❤✐s ✇❛② ❛♥❞ t❤❛t ✇❛②❪ ❞❡❝❡♣t✐✈❡ ❝♦♥str✉❝ts ♦❢ Svarbhānu✱
Atri✱ ✉s✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❢♦✉rt❤ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛✱ ❢♦✉♥❞
t❤❡ s✉♥ ❝♦♥❝❡❛❧❡❞ ❜② ❬t❤❛t❪ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ✐♥❡rt✐❛ ✸
✇❤✐❝❤ ♠❛❦❡s ♦♥❡ ❛❜❛♥❞♦♥ ♦❜s❡r✈❛♥❝❡s✳
✼✳ ▼❛② ♥♦t ❤❡✱ ❤✉rt❢✉❧ t❤r♦✉❣❤ ✐rr✐t❛❜✐❧✐t② ❬❛♥❞❪ ❢❡❛r✱
❞❡✈♦✉r ♠❡✱ ✇❤♦ ✐s t❤②✱ ❖ Atri✦
❚❤♦✉ ❛r❡ ❛ ❜❡♥❡❢❛❝t♦r ✇❤♦s❡ s❛t✐s❢❛❝t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ♦♥❡✬s ❞❡s✐r❡ ✐s r❡❛❧✳
▼❛② t❤❡s❡ t✇♦ ❤❡❧♣ ♠❡ ✐♥ t❤✐s ❝❛s❡ ✖ Varun.a ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ❦✐♥❣ ✳ ✹
✽✳ ❍❛✈✐♥❣ ❥♦✐♥❡❞ t❤❡ s✐♥❣❡rs✱ ❬❜❡✐♥❣❪ t❤❡ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t♦r✱
❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ♣r❛✐s❡ ♣❛②✐♥❣ ❤♦♠❛❣❡ t♦ deva✲s✱
r❡✈❡r❡♥t✐❛❧❧② ❡♥❞❡❛✈♦r✐♥❣ t♦ ❛ss✐st ❬t❤❡♠❪✱
Atri ❤❛s ♣❧❛❝❡❞ t❤❡ ❡②❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ s✉♥ ✐♥t♦ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥✱
❤❡ ❤❛s ♠❛s❦❡❞ ❞❡❝❡♣t✐✈❡ ❝♦♥str✉❝ts ♦❢ Svarbhānu✳
✶ ♦r✱ ❞❛r❦♥❡ss
✷ Atri✲s
✸ ♦r✱ ❞❛r❦♥❡ss
✹ Indra
✻✻✷

yám. váı sū´ryam

. svàrbhānustámasā´vidhyadāsuráh. |
átrayastámánvavindannahyànyé áśaknuvan || 9 ||
 ✻✻✸

✾✳ ❲❤✐❝❤ s✉♥ ♦♥❡ ♦❢ ❣✉✐❞✐♥❣ s♣✐r✐ts ✖ Svarbhānu ✖

t❛✐♥t❡❞ ✇✐t❤ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ✐♥❡rt✐❛✱
t❤❛t ♦♥❡ Atri✲s ❞✐s❝♦✈❡r❡❞✱
s✐♥❝❡ ♥♦ ♦♥❡ ❡❧s❡ ✇❛s ❛❜❧❡ t♦✳

❱❡rs❡s ✶✕✸ s❡❡♠ t♦ ❜❡ ❛ ❦✐♥❞ ♦❢ s♣❡❧❧ t♦ s✉♠♠♦♥ ❛ ♣❛rt✐❝✉❧❛r ❛s✲

♣❡❝t ♦❢ Indra ✖ ❜❡✐♥❣ ❛ ❜✉❧❧✱ ✇❤✐❝❤ ✐♥ t❤❡ ❝♦♥t❡①t ♦❢ t❤✐s ❤②♠♥
♠❡❛♥s ✏r❛✐s✐♥❣ ❧❡✈❡❧ ♦❢ t❡st♦st❡r♦♥❡ ✐♥ t❤❡ ❜❧♦♦❞✑✳ ❱❡rs❡s ✺✕✾ r❡❧❛t❡
❤♦✇ t♦ ❝♦✉♥t❡r❛❝t ♦♥❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❡✛❡❝ts ♦❢ t❤❡ ♣♦st✲Indra st❛t❡ ✖ ❡①✲
tr❡♠❡ ✇❡❛❦♥❡ss✱ ✐♥❞✐✛❡r❡♥❝❡✱ ✐rr✐t❛❜✐❧✐t②✱ ❡♠♦t✐♦♥❛❧ ❢r❛✐❧t②✱ ❛♣❛t❤②✱
❛♥①✐❡t② ♦r ❡✈❡♥ ❞❡♣r❡ss✐♦♥✳ Svarbhānu ✐s t❤❛t ✇❤✐❝❤ ❝❛✉s❡s t❤❡s❡
❡✛❡❝ts ❛♥❞ ✐s ♣❡rs♦♥✐✜❡❞ ❛s ♦♥❡ ♦❢ asura✲s✱ ♦r s♣✐r✐t✉❛❧ ❣✉✐❞❡s✳ ■t ✐s
❧✐❦❡❧② t❤❛t Svarbhānu ✭t❤❡ ♥❛♠❡ ♠❡❛♥s ✏❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❛♣♣❡❛r❛♥❝❡ ♦❢
❡q✉❛♥✐♠✐t②✑✮ ✐s t❤❛t ✇❤✐❝❤ ❝❛✉s❡s ❛ ✈❡r② ❧♦✇ ❧❡✈❡❧s ♦❢ t❡st♦st❡r♦♥❡
❛♥❞ s❡r♦t♦♥✐♥ ✐♥ t❤❡ ❜❧♦♦❞✳ ✏❙✉♥✑ ❤❡r❡ ♠❡❛♥s ♥♦t t❤❡ s✉♥ ✐♥ t❤❡
s❦②✱ ❜✉t ✐♥♥❡r r♦✉s❡r✱ ✈✐✈✐✜❡r ✖ Savitr.✳ ❚❤❡ st❛t❡ ♦❢ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ✐♥❡rt✐❛
t❤❛t ❝❛♥ ♠❛❦❡ ♦♥❡ ♥❡❣❧❡❝t ♦♥❡✬s ♦❜s❡r✈❛♥❝❡s✱ ✐s ❛❧s♦ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞
❜② ❝♦♥❢✉s✐♥❣ ✐♠❛❣❡s ✐♥ t❤❡ ♠✐♥❞✿ t❤✐♥❣s✱ t❤❛t ✇❡r❡ ❝❧❡❛r ❞✉r✐♥❣
t❤❡ ♣r❡✈✐♦✉s st❛t❡ ♦❢ ❜❡✐♥❣ Indra✱ ❛r❡ ♣r❡s❡♥t❡❞ ✐♥ ♦♥❡ ✇❛② t❤❡♥ ✐♥
❛♥ ♦♣♣♦s✐t❡ ✇❛② t❤❡♥ ✐♥ st✐❧❧ ♦t❤❡r ✇❛②✳ ❋✐rst st❡♣ ✐♥ ❝♦✉♥t❡r❛❝t✐♥❣
Svarbhānu ✐s t♦ ✐♥❞✉❝❡ t❤❡ st❛t❡ ♦❢ ❡❧❡✈❛t✐♦♥ ❡✈❡♥ ✐❢ ✐t ✐s ❛ ✈❡r② ❧♦✇
❡♥❡r❣② ♦♥❡✳ Indra ✇✐❧❧ ❝❧❡❛r ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ♠✐♥❞ t❤✐s ❝♦♥❢✉s✐♦♥✳ ❚❤❡♥
♦♥❡ ❤❛s t♦ r❡❝✐t❡ ✈❡rs❡ ✼ ✇❤✐❝❤ s❡❡♠s t♦ ❜❡ ❛ ♣❛rt ♦❢ t❤❡ ✏❢♦✉rt❤
❢♦r♠✉❧❛✑ ♠❡♥t✐♦♥❡❞ ✐♥ ✈❡rs❡ ✻✱ ✇❤✐❧❡ ✜rst t❤r❡❡ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛s s❡❡♠ t♦
❜❡ st❛♥③❛s ✶✕✸✳ Atri ✐♥ t❤✐s ❝♦♥t❡①t ✐s ♥♦t ♦♥❧② ❛ ♣r♦♣❡r ♥❛♠❡
♦❢ t❤❡ ♣♦❡t✱ ❜✉t ✐s ❛❧s♦ ✉s❡❞ ✐♥ ✐ts ❞✐r❡❝t ♠❡❛♥✐♥❣ ✏❞❡✈♦✉r❡r✑✳ ❚♦
❝♦✉♥t❡r❛❝t Svarbhānu ❛ ♠❛♥ ♥❡❡❞s ❛ ❧♦t ♦❢ ♥✉tr✐t✐♦♥✱ ❛♥❞ ✇❤❛t❡✈❡r
❡❧s❡ t❤❡ ✐♥st✐♥❝ts ♦❢ t❤❡ ❜♦❞② ❞❡♠❛♥❞ ✖ t❤✉s ✐♥✈♦❝❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ Varun.a
✐♥ ❛❞❞✐t✐♦♥ t♦ Indra ✐♥ t❤❡ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛❀ ♥❡❣❛t✐✈❡ ❡♠♦t✐♦♥s s❤❛❧❧ ♥♦t ❜❡
❣✐✈❡♥ r❡✐♥s ❛♥❞ ❛r❡ ❜❡tt❡r t♦ ❜❡ ✐❣♥♦r❡❞✳ ❚❤❡♥✱ ♦♥❡ ❤❛s t♦ ❜❡❝♦♠❡
✈❡r② ❛tt❡♥t✐✈❡ t♦ ❞✐s♣♦s✐t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ✈❛r✐♦✉s deva✲s ❛♥❞ tr② t♦ ❛ss✐st t❤❡♠
✐♥ ✇❤❛t❡✈❡r t❤❡② s❡❡♠ t♦ ❜❡ ❞♦✐♥❣✳ ❊❛t✐♥❣ ❛ ❧♦t ♦❢ ♥♦✉r✐s❤✐♥❣ ❢♦♦❞✱
❞r✐♥❦✐♥❣✱ r❡st✐♥❣✱ ❛♥❞ ♣❛rt✐❝✐♣❛t✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❝❤❛♥t✐♥❣ ❤②♠♥s ✇✐❧❧ ❜r✐♥❣
♦♥❡ ♦✉t ♦❢ t❤❡ t♦r♣♦r ❝❛✉s❡❞ ❜② Svarbhānu✳ ✏❚❤❡ ❡②❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ s✉♥✑
t❤❛t ❛ ♠❛♥ ✐♥ ❛ ❞❡✈♦✉r❡r r♦❧❡ ✭❜❡✐♥❣ Atri✮ ♣✉ts ✐♥t♦ ✏t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥✑
✐s t❤❡ ♣❡rs♣❡❝t✐✈❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ man.ipūra ❝❛❦r❛ ✐♥ ♦♥❡✬s ❝♦♥t❡♠♣❧❛t✐♦♥
❞✉r✐♥❣ ❛ ♣♦st✲Indra st❛t❡✳
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✺✳✽✻

Atri Bhauma | ✶✲✺ Anus..tubh✱ ✻ Virāt.pūrvā | t♦ Indra

ı́ndrāgnı̄ yámávatha ubhā´ vā´jes.u mártyam |

dr...dhā´ citsá prá bhedati dyumnā´ vā´n.ı̄riva tritáh. || 1 ||

yā´ pŕ.tanāsu dus..tárā yā´ vā´jes.u śravā´yyā |

yā´ páñca cars.an.´ı̄rabh`ı̄ndrāgn´ı̄ tā´ havāmahe || 2 ||

táyorı́dámavachávastigmā´ didyúnmaghónoh. |
. vr.traghná és.ate || 3 ||
práti drún.ā gábhastyorgávām

tā´ vāmés.e ráthānāmindrāgn´ı̄ havāmahe |

pátı̄ turásya rā´dhaso vidvā´m
. sā gı́rvan.astamā || 4 ||

tā´ vr.dhántāvánu dyū´nmártāya devā´vadábhā |

árhantā citpuró dadhé ′m . śeva devā´várvate || 5 ||

evéndrāgnı́bhyāmáhāvi havyám . śūs.yàm . ná pūtámádribhih. |

. ghr.tám
tā´ sūrı́s.u śrávo br.hád
rayı́m . gr.n.átsu didhr.tam || 6 ||
. gr.n.átsu didhr.tamı́s.am
 ✻✻✺

✶✳ ❖ Indra ❬❛♥❞❪ Agni✱ ✇❤✐❝❤ ♠♦rt❛❧ t❤❡② ❜♦t❤ ♣r♦t❡❝t

❞✉r✐♥❣ r✉s❤❡s ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱
t❤❛t ♦♥❡ ✐♥❞❡❡❞ s♣❧✐ts ♦♣❡♥ str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞s✱
❛s ✐❢ t❤❡ t❤✐r❞ ❬❝❛❦r❛❪ ❬♦♣❡♥s❪
t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡rs t♦ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t❡ ❬❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ s♣❡❡❝❤❪✱ t❤❡ ♠❡❧♦❞✐❡s✳
✷✳ ❲❤♦ ❬❛r❡❪ ❞✐✣❝✉❧t t♦ s✉r♣❛ss ✐♥ ❜❛tt❧❡s✱
✇❤♦ ❬❛r❡❪ t♦✲❜❡✲♣r❛✐s❡❞ ❞✉r✐♥❣ r✉s❤❡s ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r
✇❤♦ ♦✈❡r❬♣♦✇❡r❪ ✜✈❡ t❤♦s❡ ✇❤♦ ❞r❛✇ t♦ t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s ✱ ✶
t❤♦s❡ t✇♦✱ Indra ❬❛♥❞❪ Agni✱ ✇❡ ❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥✳
✸✳ ■♥❞❡❡❞✱ t❤❡✐r ❢♦r❝❡❢✉❧ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱
❬✐s❪ t❤❡ s❝♦r❝❤✐♥❣ ✢❛♠❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ t✇♦ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡s✳
❆❧♦♥❣ t❤❡ ✇♦♦❞❡♥ ❬♣❧❛♥❦❪✱ ❜❡t✇❡❡♥ t✇♦ ❤❛♥❞s ❤❡ ❤❛st❡♥s
✷
t♦✇❛r❞s ❬❛❜♦❞❡ ❪ ♦❢ ♠✐❧❦ ✖ ❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ s❧❛②❡r ♦❢ Vr.tra✳
✸ ✹
✹✳ ❙✉❝❤ ②♦✉ t✇♦✱ ❖ Indra ❬❛♥❞❪ Agni✱
✇❡ ❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥ ❞✉r✐♥❣ ❤❛st❡♥✐♥❣ ♦❢ ❝❤❛r✐♦ts ✖
♠❛st❡rs ♦❢ q✉✐❝❦ s❛t✐s❢❛❝t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❬♦✉r❪ ❞❡s✐r❡✱
❦♥♦✇❧❡❞❣❡❛❜❧❡ ♦♥❡s✱ ♠♦st ❧♦♥❣✐♥❣ ❢♦r ❛ ❝❤❛♥t✳
✺✳ ❚❤❡s❡ t✇♦✱ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥✐♥❣ ❬♦♥❡❪ ❞❛②✲❛❢t❡r✲❞❛②✱
❛r❡ ♥♦t ❬r❡❛❧❧②❪ ✐♥❥✉r✐♥❣ ❢♦r ❛ ♠♦rt❛❧✳
❬❚❤❡s❡❪ t✇♦✱ ✐♥❞❡❡❞ ❞❡s❡r✈✐♥❣ ❬❛tt❡♥t✐♦♥❪ ♦♥❡s✱
■ ♣❧❛❝❡ ❜❡❢♦r❡ ❬♦t❤❡rs❪✳
❬❚❤❡s❡❪ t✇♦ deva✲s ❬❛r❡❪ ❧✐❦❡ t✇♦ s❤❛r❡s ❬♦❢ s♣♦✐❧s❪
❢♦r ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ✐s ❤❛st✐♥❣✳
✻✳ ❏✉st s♦ ❢♦r Indra ❬❛♥❞❪ ❢♦r Agni
❛ ❤✐ss✐♥❣✱ ♣✉r✐✜❡❞✲❜②✲✉s✐♥❣✲st♦♥❡s ♦✛❡r✐♥❣ ✐s ❝❛❧❧❡❞ ❢♦r✱
t❤❛t ✐s ❛s ✐❢ ❣❤❡❡ ❬❢♦r t❤❡ ✜r❡❪❀
♠❛② t❤❡s❡ t✇♦ ❝♦♥❢❡r ♦♥ ✐♥st✐t✉t♦rs ♦❢ t❤❡ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡
❛♥ ❡①t❡♥s✐✈❡ ❛✉❞✐t♦r② ✐♠♣r❡ss✐♦♥
♦♥ t❤♦s❡ ❡①t♦❧❧✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡♠❪ ✖ t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡
♦♥ t❤♦s❡ ❡①t♦❧❧✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡♠❪ ✖ ❛ ❧✐❜❛t✐♦♥✦

✶ s❡♥s❡s
✷ ❥✉✐❝❡ ♦❢ Soma
✸ sadhastha ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✾✳✻✺✳✻
✹ ❧✐t✳ ✏❝♦✇s✑
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✻✳✶✼

Bharadvāja Barhaspatya | ✶✲✶✹ Tris..tubh✱ ✶✺ Dvipadā | t♦ Indra

pı́bā sómamabhı́ yámugra tárda

ūrvám . gávyam . máhi gr.n.āná indra |
vı́ yó dhr..sn.o vádhis.o vajrahasta
vı́śvā vr.trámamitrı́yā śávobhih. || 1 ||

. pāhi yá .rjı̄s.´ı̄ tárutro

sá ı̄m
yáh. śı́pravānvr..sabhó yó matı̄nā´m |
yó gotrabhı́dvajrabhŕ.dyó haris..thā´h.
sá indra citrā´m̃. abhı́ tr.ndhi vā´jān || 2 ||

evā´ pāhi pratnáthā mándatu tvā

śrudhı́ bráhma vāvr.dhásvotá gı̄rbhı́h. |
āvı́h. sū´ryam. kr.n.uhı́ pı̄pih´ı̄.so
. rabhı́ gā´ indra tr.ndhi || 3 ||
jahı́ śátrūm̃

té tvā mádā br.hádindra svadhāva

imé pı̄tā´ uks.ayanta dyumántam |
mahā´mánūnam . tavásam. vı́bhūtim
.
matsarā´so jarhr..santa prasā´ham || 4 ||

yébhih. sū´ryamus.ásam ′ ′
. mandasānó vāsayó pa
dr...dhā´ni dárdrat |
mahā´mádrim . pári gā´ indra sántam
.
nutthā´ ácyutam . sádasaspári svā´t || 5 ||
 ✻✻✼

✶✳ ❉r✐♥❦ Soma✱ ❖ ❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s ♦♥❡✱ ❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ ✇❤✐❝❤ t❤♦✉✱

❡①t♦❧❧❡❞ Indra✱
s❤❛❧❧ ❝❧❡❛✈❡ ❡①t❡♥s✐✈❡✱ ✇✐❞❡✱ r❡❧❛t❡❞ t♦ ❝♦✇s ❬s♣❛❝❡❪✱
s♦ t❤❛t s✉❝❤✱ ❖ ❞❛r✐♥❣ ♦♥❡✱ t❤♦✉ ✇♦✉❧❞ ✉tt❡r❧② ❞❡str♦②✱
❖ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲✐♥✲❤❛♥❞ ♦♥❡✱
✇✐t❤ ♣♦✇❡rs t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡ Vr.tra ❬❛♥❞❪ ❛❧❧ ✉♥❢r✐❡♥❞❧② ❬❢♦r♠s❪✳
✷✳ ❙✉❝❤ t❤♦✉✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❞✐r❡❝t ✐♠♣❛❝t✱ ❝❛rr②✐♥❣ ❛❝r♦ss ❬♦❜st❛❝❧❡s❪✱
❞♦ ❞r✐♥❦ ✐t✦
❲❤♦ ❬✐s❪ ❢✉❧❧✲❝❤❡❡❦❡❞✱
✇❤♦ ❬✐s❪ ❛♣♣❡❛r✐♥❣ ❛s ❛ ❜✉❧❧ ♦❢ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❣❡st✉r❡s✱
✇❤♦ s♣❧✐ts ♦♣❡♥ ❝♦✇s❤❡❞s✱ ✇❤♦✱ st❛②✐♥❣ ✇✐t❤ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s ✱ ✶
❝❛rr✐❡s ❛ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t ✖
s✉❝❤ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❞♦ ✉♥❧❡❛s❤ ♠❛♥✐❢♦❧❞ r✉s❤❡s ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✦
✸✳ ❏✉st ❞r✐♥❦ ❛s ✉s✉❛❧✱ ❧❡t ❬✐t❪ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t❡ t❤❡❡✦
❍❡❛r t❤❡ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛✱ ❛♥❞ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥ t❤②s❡❧❢ t❤r♦✉❣❤ s♦♥❣s✦
▼❛❦❡ t❤❡ s✉♥ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st✱ s✇❡❧❧ ❧✐❜❛t✐♦♥s✱
✷
s❧❛② ❡♥❡♠✐❡s✱ ❖ Indra✱ ✉♥❧❡❛s❤ ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s ✳
✸
✖✖
✹✳ ❚❤♦s❡✱ t❤❡ r❛♣t✉r❡s ❬♦❢ Soma ❧✐❜❛t✐♦♥s❪ ❬♠❛♥✐❢❡st❡❞❪ t❤❡❡✱
❖ Indra✱ ❡①t❡♥s✐✈❡❧②✱ ❖ s♣♦♥t❛♥❡♦✉s ♦♥❡✦
❚❤❡s❡✱ ✇❤❡♥ ❞r✉♥❦✱ ♠❛❦❡ t❤❡ ❜r✐❣❤t ❬t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t ❪ ❣r♦✇✳
✹
❊①❤✐❧❛r❛t✐♥❣ ❬❞r♦♣s ♦❢ Soma ❪ ❡①❝✐t❡ ❛❣❛✐♥ ❛♥❞ ❛❣❛✐♥
✺
t❤❡ ❡♥t✐r❡ ❣r❡❛t ♣❡r✈❛❞✐♥❣ ♦✈❡r♣♦✇❡r✐♥❣ str❡♥❣t❤✱
✺✳ ❬t❤❡ ❞r♦♣s❪ ✇✐t❤ ✇❤✐❝❤ t❤♦✉✱ ❡①❛❧t✐♥❣✱ t❡❛r✐♥❣ ♦♣❡♥
t❤❡ str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞s✱ ♠❛❞❡ t❤❡ s✉♥ ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ❞❛✇♥ s❤✐♥❡✳
❚❤❡ ❣r❡❛t st♦♥❡ ❬t❤❛t ✐s❪ ❛r♦✉♥❞ t❤❡ ❝♦✇s✱ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱
s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ r❡♠♦✈❡❞ ✖ t❤❡ ✉♥s❤❛❦❛❜❧❡ ❬st♦♥❡❪ ❢r♦♠ ✐ts s❡❛t✳

✶ ♣r♦❜✳ Soma ❞r♦♣s

✷ manipūra ❝❛❦r❛
.
✸ ❧✐t✳ ✏❝♦✇s✑
✹ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✺✳✸✶✳✹❜
✺ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✾✳✶✵✼✳✷✺
✻✻✽

táva krátvā táva táddam . sánābhir

āmā´su pakvám . śácyā nı́ dı̄dhah. |
aurn
´ . ordúra usrı́yābhyo vı́ dr...dhód
ūrvā´dgā´ asr.jo áṅgirasvān || 6 ||

paprā´tha ks.ā´m
. máhi dám . so vyùrv´ı̄m
´
úpa dyāmr..svó br.hádindra stabhāyah. |
ádhārayo ródası̄ deváputre
pratné mātárā yahv´ı̄ .rtásya || 7 ||

ádha tvā vı́śve purá indra devā´

ékam. tavásam . dadhire bhárāya |
ádevo yádabhyauhis ´ . .ta devā´n
svàrs.ātā vr.n.ata ı́ndramátra || 8 ||

ádha dyauścitte
´ ápa sā´ nú vájrād
dvitā´namadbhiyásā svásya manyóh. |
áhim. yádı́ndro abhyóhasānam .
nı́ cidviśvā´yuh. śayáthe jaghā´na || 9 ||

ádha tvás..tā te mahá ugra vájram .

sahásrabhr..s.tim. vavr.tachatā´śrim |
nı́kāmamaráman.asam . yéna
návantamáhim . pin.agr.jı̄s.in || 10 ||
. sám
 ✻✻✾

✻✳ ❲✐t❤ t❤② r❡s♦✉r❝❡❢✉❧♥❡ss✱ ✇✐t❤ t❤② ✇♦♥❞r♦✉s ❬♣♦✇❡rs❪✱

✇✐t❤ ❬t❤②❪ ❡♥❛❜❧✐♥❣ ♣♦✇❡r✱
t❤♦✉ s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ ♣❧❛❝❡❞ r✐♣❡ ❬❢♦r ♣♦❡tr②❪ ❬✈✐t❛❧ s♣✐r✐t ❪
✻
♠✐❞st ❝r✉❞❡ ❬❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s ❪✳✼
❚❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ ✉♥❝♦✈❡r ❞♦♦rs✱ str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞s
❢♦r ❛♣♣❡❛r✐♥❣ ❛t ❞❛✇♥ ❬✐♥♥❡r ✇❛t❡rs❪✳
❚❤♦✉✱ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② aṅgiras✲❡s✱
♣♦✉r❡❞ ♦✉t ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ✇✐❞❡ ❬s♣❛❝❡❪
❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s ✳✽
✼✳ ❚❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ✜❧❧❡❞ ✉♣ t❤❡ ✇✐❞❡ ❊❛rt❤ ✖
❛ ❣r❡❛t ♠❛r✈❡❧♦✉s ❞❡❡❞ ✖
❛♥❞ t❤♦✉✱ ❤❡❧♣✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❞✐r❡ str❛✐❣❤ts✱ s❤❛❧❧ ✜r♠❧②✱ ❖ Indra✱
♣r♦♣ ✉♣ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥✳
❚❤♦✉ ♠❛❞❡ t❤❡ t✇♦ Rodas✲❡s✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ deva✲s ❛s ❝❤✐❧❞r❡♥✱
t♦ ♠❛✐♥t❛✐♥
t❤❡ t✇♦ ♣r✐♠♦r❞✐❛❧ r❡st❧❡ss ♠♦t❤❡rs ♦❢ .rta✳
✾
✖✖
✽✳ ❚❤❡♥ ❛❧❧ deva✲s s❡t t❤❡❡ ✐♥ ❢r♦♥t ✖
❛❧♦♥❡ ❬❜✉t❪ str♦♥❣✱ ❖ Indra✱ t♦ ❝♦♥t❡st ❬t❤❡ s✉♣r❡♠❛❝②❪✳
✭❲❤❡♥ ❤❡✱ ✇❤♦ ✐s ✇✐t❤♦✉t ❛ deva✱ ❤❛s ❞❡❧✐❜❡r❛t❡❞ ✉♣♦♥ deva✲s✱
❬t❤❡♥❪ t❤❡② ❬✇♦✉❧❞❪ ❝❤♦♦s❡ ✐♥ t❤✐s ❝❛s❡✱ ✐♥ ❣❛✐♥✐♥❣ svàr✱ Indra✳✮
✾✳ ❚❤❡♥ ❢♦r t❤❡❡ ❡✈❡♥ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ✖ ❥✉st ❛s s❤❡ ❬❞✐❞❪ ✖
✶✵
❣❛✈❡ ✇❛② t♦ t❤❡ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t ♦✉t ♦❢ ❢❡❛r ♦❢ t❤② ♦✇♥ r❛❣❡✳
❲❤❡♥ Indra ❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢
❜❡st♦✇✐♥❣✲♠❡❛♥s✲❬t♦✲❛❝t❪ ❛❧❧✲♣❡r✈❛❞✐♥❣ ✈✐t❛❧ ♣♦✇❡r
❤❛❞ ❤✉r❧❡❞ t❤❡ s♥❛❦❡ ✐♥t♦ ❬✐ts❪ ❧❛✐r✱
✶✵✳ t❤❡♥ ❢♦r t❤❡❡ ✱ ❖ ❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s ♦♥❡✱ Tvas..t.r s✇✐❢t❧② ♠❛♥✐❢❡sts
✶✶
❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞ s♣✐❦❡s✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ❡❞❣❡s
❞✐s♣❛ss✐♦♥❛t❡✱
❤❛✈✐♥❣ s✉✐t❛❜❧❡✲❬t♦ ❝✐r❝✉♠st❛♥❝❡s❪✲✐♥t✉✐t✐♦♥ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t
✇✐t❤ ✇❤✐❝❤ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❞✐r❡❝t ✐♠♣❛❝t ♦♥❡✱
s❤❛❧❧ ❝r✉s❤ ✜♥❞✐♥❣✲✐ts✲✇❛② s♥❛❦❡✳

✻ payas
✼ gosu ❧✐t✳ ✏❝♦✇s✑
.
✽ gosu ❧✐t✳ ✏❝♦✇s✑
.
✾ ♣r♦❜✳ idā ❛♥❞ piṅgala
..
✶✵ t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤
✶✶ ❛♥ ❛❞❡♣t ♦❢ Indra
✻✼✵

várdhānyám . vı́śve marútah. sajós.āh.

pácachatám . mahis.ā´m̃ . indra túbhyam |
pūs.ā´ vı́s.n.ustr´ı̄n.i sárām
. si dhāvan
vr.trahán.am . madirámam . śúmasmai || 11 ||

ā´ ks.ódo máhi vr.tám

. nad´ı̄nām
.
páris..thitamasr.ja ūrmı́mapā´m |
tā´sāmánu praváta indra pánthām.
prā´rdayo n´ı̄cı̄rapásah. samudrám || 12 ||

evā´ tā´ vı́śvā cakr.vā´m

. samı́ndram.
mahā´mugrámajuryám . sahodā´m |
suv´ı̄ram . tvā svāyudhám . suvájram
ā´ bráhma návyamávase vavr.tyāt || 13 ||

sá no vā´jāya śrávasa is.é ca

rāyé dhehi dyumáta indra vı́prān |
bharádvāje nr.váta indra sūr´ı̄n
divı́ ca smaidhi pā´rye na indra || 14 ||

ayā´ vā´jam
. deváhitam
. sanema
mádema śatáhimāh. suv´ı̄rāh. || 15 ||
 ✻✼✶

✶✶✳ ❲❤♦♠ ❛❧❧ ❛❝t✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❤❛r♠♦♥② ✇✐t❤ ❡❛❝❤ ♦t❤❡r Marut✲s

s❤❛❧❧ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥✱
❤❡ ✇♦✉❧❞ r♦❛st ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ❜✉✛❛❧♦❡s ❢♦r t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Indra✦
✭Pūs.an ❬❛♥❞❪ Vis.n.u✱ t❤❡ t❤r❡❡ ❝❤❛♥♥❡❧s✱ s❤❛❧❧ ❝❧❡❛♥s❡
s❧❛②✐♥❣ Vr.tra✱ ❜r❡✇✐♥❣ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t✐♦♥ st❛❧❦ ❢♦r t❤❛t ♦♥❡✳✮
✶✷✳ ❚❤♦✉ r❡❧❡❛s❡❞ ❤❡❧❞✲❜❛❝❦ ♠✐❣❤t② s✇❡❧❧ ♦❢ ✢♦✇✐♥❣ ✇❛t❡rs✱
s✉rr♦✉♥❞❡❞ ❬❜② t❤❡ s♥❛❦❡❪ ✇❛✈❡ ♦❢ ❬✐♥♥❡r❪ ✇❛t❡rs✳
✶✷
❆❧♦♥❣ ❣r♦♦✈❡s ♦❢ t❤❡✐r ♣❛t❤✇❛②s✱ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱
♠❛❞❡ ❬t❤❡♠❪✱ ❞✐r❡❝t❡❞ ❞♦✇♥✇❛r❞s✱ ✢✉✐❞✱
❬♠❛❞❡ t❤❡♠❪ ♠♦✈❡ t♦✇❛r❞s t❤❡ s❡❛✳
✖✖
✶✸✳ ■♥❞❡❡❞ ❬t❤❡❡❪✱ Indra✱ ✇❤♦ ❤❛s ♣❡r❢♦r♠❡❞ ❛❧❧ t❤❡s❡ ❬❞❡❡❞s❪
✐♥ ❥✉st t❤✐s ✇❛②✱
♠✐❣❤t②✱ ❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s✱ ✇❤♦ ✐s ♥♦t s✉❜❥❡❝t t♦ ♦❧❞ ❛❣❡✱
❬✇❤♦ ✐s❪ ❣✐✈✐♥❣ ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ str❡♥❣t❤ ✖
t❤❡❡✱ ✈❡r② ♠❛♥❧②✱ ✇❡❧❧✲❛r♠❡❞✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❣♦♦❞ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t ✖
t❤❡ ♥❡✇ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥ s❤❛❧❧ t✉r♥ ❤❡r❡ t♦ ❤❡❧♣ ❬✉s❪✳
✶✹✳ ❙✉❝❤ t❤♦✉✱ s❡t ✉♣ ✉s✱ ❜r✐❧❧✐❛♥t ♣♦❡ts✱ ❢♦r ❛ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱
❢♦r ❢❛♠❡✱ ❛♥❞ ❢♦r ❛ ❧✐❜❛t✐♦♥✱ ❢♦r ❛ ❣✐❢t✦
P✉t ❝♦♥s✐st✐♥❣✲♦❢✲♠❡♥ ✐♥st✐t✉t♦rs ♦❢ t❤❡ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡
✐♥t♦ ❬t❤❡ st❛t❡ ♦❢❪ ❜❡❛r✐♥❣ ❛ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱ ❖ Indra✱
❛♥❞ ❞✉r✐♥❣ ❬❛♥②❪ ❞❡❝✐s✐✈❡ ❞❛② ❜❡ ❛❧✇❛②s ♦✉rs✱ ❖ Indra✦
✶✺✳ ▼❛② ✇❡ ♦❜t❛✐♥ s❡t✲✉♣✲✐♥✲t❤✐s✲✇❛②✲❜②✲t❤❡✲deva r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✦
▼❛② ✇❡✱ ✈❡r② ♠❛♥❧②✱ r❡❥♦✐❝❡ ❢♦r ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ✇✐♥t❡rs✦

✶✷ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✷✳✶✶✳✷❜

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✻✳✶✽

Bharadvāja Barhaspatya | ✶✲✶✺ Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra

támu .s.tuhi yó abhı́bhūtyojā

vanvánnávātah. puruhūtá ı́ndrah. |
ás.ā..dhamugrám
. sáhamānamābhı́r
gı̄rbhı́rvardha vr..sabhám. cars.an.ı̄nā´m || 1 ||

sá yudhmáh. sátvā khajakŕ.tsamádvā

tuvimraks.ó nadanumā´m̃ . .rjı̄s.´ı̄ |
br.hádren.uścyávano mā´nus.ı̄n.ām
ékah. kr..s.tı̄nā´mabhavatsahā´vā || 2 ||

tvám . ha nú tyádadamāyo dásyūm̃ . rékah.

kr..s.t´ı̄ravanorā´ryāya |
ásti svinnú vı̄ryàm . tatta indra
ná svidasti tádr.tuthā´ vı́ vocah. || 3 ||

sádı́ddhı́ te tuvijātásya mánye

sáhah. sahis..tha turatásturásya |
ugrámugrásya tavásastávı̄yó ′radhrasya
radhratúro babhūva || 4 ||

tánnah. pratnám . sakhyámastu yus.mé

itthā´ vádadbhirvalámáṅgirobhih. |
hánnacyutacyuddasmes.áyantamr.n.óh.
púro vı́ dúro asya vı́śvāh. || 5 ||
 ✻✼✸

✶✳ ❊①t♦❧ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ❤❛s ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ ✈✐❣♦✉r ✖

♣❧❛❝✐♥❣ ✇✐t❤✐♥ ❬❤✐s❪ r❡❛❝❤✱
❬②❡t❪ ♥♦t ❜❡✐♥❣ ♣❧❛❝❡❞ ✇✐t❤✐♥ ❬♦♣♣♦♥❡♥t✬s❪ r❡❛❝❤✱
❬❊①t♦❧❪ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡s❡ ❝❤❛♥ts
t❤❡ ✐♥✈✐♥❝✐❜❧❡✱ ❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s✱ ♣r❡✈❛✐❧✐♥❣ ♦♥❡✱
str❡♥❣t❤❡♥ ❬❤✐♠ ✇❤♦❪ r❡s❡♠❜❧❡s ❛ ❜✉❧❧
♦❢ t❤♦s❡ t❤❛t ❞r❛✇ t♦ t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s ✳
✶
✷✳ ❍❡✱ ❛ ✇❛rr✐♦r✱ ❛ ✜❣❤t❡r✱ ❝❛✉s✐♥❣ t❤❡ t✉♠✉❧t ❬♦❢ ❜❛tt❧❡❪✱
❝♦♠❜❛t✐✈❡✱ ❣r✐♥❞✐♥❣ ♠❛♥② ❬❡♥❡♠✐❡s❪ ❞♦✇♥✱
t❤✉♥❞❡r✐♥❣✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❞✐r❡❝t ✐♠♣❛❝t✱
❬r❛✐s✐♥❣❪
✷ ❞✉st ❤✐❣❤✱ st✐rr❡r ♦❢ ❢❛✈♦r❛❜❧❡ t♦ ♠❡♥ ❬✇❛t❡rs❪ ✖
♦♥❧② ❤❡ ❜❡❝❛♠❡ ❝♦♥q✉❡r♦r ♦❢ tr✐❜❡s✳
✖✖
✸✳ ❖❢ ❝♦✉rs❡✱ ✐t ✇❛s ❥✉st t❤♦✉
❬✇❤♦❪ s✉❜❞✉❡❞ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡s t♦ s✉✛❡r ✇❛♥t✱
❢♦r ❛ ❝♦♥❞✉❝t✐♥❣ ✉♣✇❛r❞s ♦♥❡
✸ t❤♦✉ ❛❧♦♥❡
❤❛✈❡ ♣❧❛❝❡❞ t❤❡ tr✐❜❡s ✇✐t❤✐♥ ❬❤✐s❪ r❡❛❝❤ ✳
✹
❲❤❡t❤❡r t❤❡r❡ ✐s t❤❛t ❛s♣❡❝t ♦❢ ✈❛❧♦r ♦❢ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Indra✱
♦r ♥♦t ✖ t❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ ❞❡❝❧❛r❡ t❤❛t ❛t ❛ ♣r♦♣❡r t✐♠❡✳
✹✳ ❙✐♥❝❡ ■ t❤✐♥❦ t❤❛t t❤❡ ♦♥❧② r❡❛❧ ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ str❡♥❣t❤
♦❢ t❤❡❡✱ ♦❢ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❡❞✲♦❢t❡♥ ♦♥❡✱
❖ ♠♦st ♣r❡✈❛✐❧✐♥❣ ♦♥❡✱
❬✐s❪ ❢r♦♠ q✉✐❝❦ ❬❛❝t✐♦♥❪ ♦❢ ♣r❡ss✐♥❣ ❢♦r✇❛r❞✱
❬t❤❛t❪ t❤❡ ✇r❛t❤ ♦❢ ❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s ❬❞✐s♣♦s✐t✐♦♥❪
❬✐s❪ str♦♥❣❡r t❤❛♥ ❬♠❡r❡❪ str❡♥❣t❤✱
t❤♦✉ ❜❡❝❛♠❡ ✇❤❛t ✐s ♦✈❡r♣♦✇❡r✐♥❣ t❛♠❡♥❡ss ♦❢ r❡❜❡❧❧✐♦✉s ❬♠❡❪✳
✺✳ ✏▼❛② t❤✐s ♦✉r ♣r✐♠♦r❞✐❛❧ ❧✐❦❡✲♠✐♥❞❡❞♥❡ss ❜❡ ✐♥ ②♦✉✦✑✱
✇✐t❤ t❤✉s s♣❡❛❦✐♥❣ aṅgiras✲❡s✺ t❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ str✐❦❡✱
❖ ❝❛✉s✐♥❣ t♦ ❢❛❧❧ ✇❤❛t ✐s ✉♥s❤❛❦❛❜❧❡✱
❖ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❧✐s❤✐♥❣ ✇♦♥❞❡r❢✉❧ ❞❡❡❞s ♦♥❡✱
❬str✐❦❡❪ ❛♥✐♠❛t✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡❡❪ Vala✱ t❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ ❡♥❝♦✉♥t❡r
✻
❛❧❧ ♦❢ ✐ts str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞s ❬❛♥❞❪ ❞♦♦rs✳
✖✖

✶ t❤❡ s❡♥s❡s
✷ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✹✳✹✷✳✺❞
✸ ❧✐t✳ ārya
✹ t❤❛t ✐s✱ t♦ ❜❡ ❝♦♥tr♦❧❧❡❞ ❜② ❤✐♠
✺ ❜✐❣ ♠✉s❝❧❡s✱ ♦❢ ✇❤✐❝❤ ✏❧✐❦❡✲♠✐♥❞❡❞♥❡ss✑ ♠❡❛♥s ✏❛❝t✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❤❛r♠♦♥② ✇✐t❤
❡❛❝❤ ♦t❤❡r✑
✻ ❞✐st❡♥❞ ✭❄✮
✻✼✹

sá hı́ dhı̄bhı́rhávyo ástyugrá

ı̄śānakŕ.nmahatı́ vr.tratū´rye |
sá tokásātā tánaye sá vajr´ı̄
vitantasā´yyo abhavatsamátsu || 6 ||

sá majmánā jánima mā´nus.ān.ām

ámartyena nā´mnā´ti prá sarsre |
sá dyumnéna sá śávasotá rāyā´
sá vı̄ryèn.a nŕ.tamah. sámokāh. || 7 ||

sá yó ná muhé ná mı́thū jáno bhū´t

sumántunāmā cúmurim . dhúnim . ca |
vr.n.ákpı́prum
. śámbaram. śús
..n amı́ndrah
.
purā´m. cyautnā´ya śayáthāya nū´ cit || 8 ||

udā´vatā tváks.asā pányasā ca

vr.trahátyāya ráthamindra tis..tha |
dhis.vá vájram. hásta ā´ daks.in.atrā´bhı́
prá manda purudatra māyā´h. || 9 ||

. vánamindra het´ı̄
agnı́rná śús.kam
ráks.o nı́ dhaks.yaśánirná bhı̄mā´ |
gambhı̄ráya .r.sváyā yó rurójā´dhvānayad
duritā´ dambháyacca || 10 ||

ā´ sahásram . pathı́bhirindra rāyā´

túvidyumna tuvivā´jebhirarvā´k |
yāhı́ sūno sahaso yásya nū´ cid
ádeva ´ı̄śe puruhūta yótoh. || 11 ||
 ✻✼✺

✻✳ ❙✐♥❝❡ ❤❡✱ ❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s✱ ✐s t♦ ❜❡ ❝❛❧❧❡❞ ✉♣♦♥ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ✈✐s✐♦♥s✱

❬❤❡✱❪ r❡♥❞❡r✐♥❣ ♦♥❡ ❝♦♠♣❡t❡♥t
❞✉r✐♥❣ ✈✐♦❧❡♥t ❤❛st❡♥✐♥❣ ♣❛st ♦❜st❛❝❧❡s ✱
✼
❤❡✱ ❜❡❛r✐♥❣ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✱
❜❡❝❛♠❡ ✇♦rt❤ t♦ ❜❡ t✉ss❧❡❞ ♦✈❡r ✐♥ ❝❧❛s❤❡s✱
❬❛♥❞❪ ❞✉r✐♥❣ ♣r♦♣❛❣❛t✐♥❣✲❛✲❢❛♠✐❧② ❣❛✐♥✐♥❣ ♦❢ ♦✛s♣r✐♥❣s✳
✼✳ ❇② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ t❤❡ ✐♠♠♦rt❛❧ ♥❛t✉r❡
❤❡ ❤❛s ♠❛❥❡st✐❝❛❧❧② ❛❞✈❛♥❝❡❞ ❜❡②♦♥❞ t❤❡ ❤✉♠❛♥ ❦✐♥❞✳
❍❡✱ ♠♦st ♠❛♥❧②✱
❬✐s❪ ❞✇❡❧❧✐♥❣ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t❡✱
✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱ ❛♥❞ ✇✐t❤ ❬t❤❛t❪ tr❡❛s✉r❡
✖ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ✈❛❧♦r✳
✽✳ ❍❡✱ ✇❤♦ ✇✐❧❧ ♥♦t ❜❡ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❡❞ ♥❡✐t❤❡r ❛s ❛ ♣❡rs♦♥ ✐♥ ❝♦♥❢✉s✐♦♥
♥♦r ❛s ♦♥❡ ❤♦❧❞✐♥❣ t✇♦ ❞✐✛❡r❡♥t ❬♦♣✐♥✐♦♥s❪✱
✇❤♦s❡ ♠❛♥♥❡r ❬♦❢ t❤✐♥❦✐♥❣❪
✐s ❛ r❡s✉❧t ♦❢ ❛ ❢♦rt❤✇✐t❤ ❝♦♥t❡♠♣❧❛t✐♦♥
❤❡✱ Indra✱ s❤❛❧❧ ♣❧✉❝❦
Cumuri ❛♥❞ Dhuni ✱ Pipru✱ Śambara✱ Śus.n.a ✖
✽
t♦ s❤❛❦❡ str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞s✱ ❬❢♦r t❤❡♠❪ t♦ ❬❤❛✈❡❪ ❛ ❧❛✐r ♥❡✈❡r ♠♦r❡✳
✖✖
✾✳ ❖ Indra✱ t♦ s❧❛② Vr.tra ❞♦ st❛② ♦♥ t❤❡ ❝❤❛r✐♦t
t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ✇♦♥❞❡r❢✉❧ ✉♣❧✐❢t✐♥❣ ❝r❛❢t✐♥❡ss✳
P✉t t❤❡ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t ✐♥t♦ t❤❡ ❤❛♥❞ ♦♥ t❤❡ r✐❣❤t s✐❞❡
❜❡ s♣♦rt✐♥❣ ❛❣❛✐♥st t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡rs t♦ ❢r❛♠❡ ❝♦❣♥✐t✐♦♥✱
❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ♠❛♥② ❣✐❢ts ♦♥❡✦
✶✵✳ ▲✐❦❡ ✜r❡ ❬❜✉r♥s❪ ❞r② t❤✐❝❦❡t✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❜✉r♥ ❞♦✇♥ ❞❡❢❡♥s✐✈❡♥❡ss
✇✐t❤ ❛ ♠✐ss✐❧❡ ❢r✐❣❤t❡♥✐♥❣ ❧✐❦❡ ❛ ✢❛s❤ ♦❢ ❧✐❣❤t♥✐♥❣✱
❬t❤♦✉❪ ✇❤♦ ✇✐t❤ ❞❡❡♣✱ ❤❡❧♣✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❞✐r❡ str❛✐❣❤ts ❬t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t❪
❤❛s s❤❛tt❡r❡❞ ♦❜str✉❝t✐♦♥s✱
✇r❛♣♣❡❞ ❬t❤❡♠❪ ✉♣ ❛♥❞ s❤❛❧❧ ❝❛✉s❡ ♦♥❡ t♦ ❛❜❛♥❞♦♥ ❬t❤❡♠❪✳
✶✶✳ ❏♦✉r♥❡② ❤✐t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ r❡✇❛r❞✱ ❖ Indra✱ t❤r♦✉❣❤ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞
❛✛♦r❞✐♥❣ ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥t r✉s❤❡s ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r ♣❛t❤✇❛②s✱
❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥t ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t❡ ♦♥❡✱
❖ ✐♥❝✐t❡r ♦❢ ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ str❡♥❣t❤✱ ✇❤♦s❡ ❬t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t❪
❤❡✱ ✇❤♦ ✐s ✇✐t❤♦✉t deva✲s✱
✇✐❧❧ ♥❡✈❡r ❜❡ ❛❜❧❡✱ ❖ ♠✉❝❤ ✐♥✈♦❦❡❞ ♦♥❡✱ t♦ ✇❛r❞ ♦✛✳
✖✖
✼ ❧✐t✳ vrtra✲s
.
✽ ❧✐t✳ ✏❜♦✐st❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡✑
✻✼✻

prá tuvidyumnásya sthávirasya ghŕ..sver

divó rarapśe mahimā´ pr.thivyā´h. |
nā´sya śátrurná pratimā´namasti
ná pratis..thı́h. purumāyásya sáhyoh. || 12 ||

prá tátte adyā´ káran.am . kr.tám . bhūt

kútsam . yádāyúmatithigvámasmai |
purū´ sahásrā nı́ śiśā abhı́ ks.ā´m
úttū´rvayān.am. dhr..satā´ ninetha || 13 ||

ánu tvā´highne ádha deva devā´

mádanvı́śve kavı́tamam . kavı̄nā´m |
káro yátra várivo bādhitā´ya
divé jánāya tanvè gr.n.ānáh. || 14 ||

ánu dyā´vāpr.thiv´ı̄ tátta

ójó ′martyā jihata indra devā´h. |
kr..svā´ kr.tno ákr.tam
. yátte
ástyukthám . návı̄yo janayasva yajñáıh. || 15 ||
 ✻✼✼

✶✷✳ ❚❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ✐♥❝r❡❛s❡✲✐♥✲s✐③❡ ♦❢ ❤✐♠

✇❤♦ ❤❛s ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥t ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t❡✱
❬✇❤♦ ✐s❪ ❡♥❞✉r✐♥❣✱ t❤r✐❧❧✲✐♥❞✉❝✐♥❣✱
r❡❛❝❤❡❞ ❜❡②♦♥❞ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ❬❛♥❞❪ t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤✳
❚❤❡r❡ ✐s ♥♦ r✐✈❛❧✱ ♥♦ ✇❡❧❧✲♠❛t❝❤❡❞ ♦♣♣♦♥❡♥t ❢♦r ❤✐♠✱
❬t❤❡r❡ ✐s❪ ♥♦ r❡s✐st❛♥❝❡ t♦ ❤✐♠✱
✇❤♦ ❦♥♦✇s ♠❛♥② tr✐❝❦s✱ ❬✇❤♦ ✐s❪ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ t♦ ♣r❡✈❛✐❧✳
✖✖
✶✸✳ ❚♦❞❛② t❤❛t t❤② ❞❡❡❞ s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡ ♣❡r❢♦r♠❡❞
t❤❛t ❢♦r t❤✐s ♦♥❡ t❤♦✉ ❞✐❞ ❣r✐♥❞ t♦ t❤❡ ❣r♦✉♥❞
❛❣✐t❛t❡❞ Kutsa Atithigva✱ ❬❛♥❞❪ ♠❛♥② t❤♦✉s❛♥❞s ❬♦❜st❛❝❧❡s❪✳
❚❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ❝♦✉r❛❣❡♦✉s❧② ❧❡❛❞ Tūrvayān.a ✉♣✳
✶✹✳ ❚❤❡♥ ❛❧❧ deva✲s s❤❛❧❧ ❝❤❡❡r t❤❡❡✱ ❖ deva✱
✾
t♦ s❧❛② t❤❡ s♥❛❦❡✱ ❬t❤❡❡✱❪ ♠♦st ❣✐❢t❡❞ ✇✐t❤ ✐♥s✐❣❤t ❛♠♦♥❣ ♣♦❡ts✱
❛t ✇❤✐❝❤ ♣♦✐♥t t❤♦✉✱ ❡①t♦❧❧❡❞✱
s❤❛❧❧ ❝r❡❛t❡ ❬♠❡♥t❛❧❪ s♣❛❝❡ ❢♦r ❛ ❤❛r❞✲♣r❡ss❡❞ ❍❡❛✈❡♥✱
❬❛♥❞❪ ❢♦r ❛ ♣❡rs♦♥✱ ❢♦r t❤✐s ❜♦❞② ✖ ❬❛ ♣❤②s✐❝❛❧ s♣❛❝❡❪✳
✶✺✳ ❋♦❧❧♦✇✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤✱ ✐♠♠♦rt❛❧ deva✲s
❜❡t❛❦❡ t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s t♦ t❤✐s t❤② ❢r❡♥③②✱ ❖ Indra✦
❉♦✱ ❖ t❤❡ ❡✛❡❝t✐✈❡ ♦♥❡✱ ✇❤❛t ✐s t❤❡r❡ ❬②❡t❪ ♥♦t✲❞♦♥❡ ❢♦r t❤❡❡✦
❈❛✉s❡ ♥❡✇ ✈❡rs❡ ❛❧♦♥❣ ✇✐t❤ ✜r❡ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣s t♦ ❜❡ ❝r❡❛t❡❞✦

✾ ❢♦❧❧♦✇✐♥❣ ❬❏❛♠✐s♦♥ ❛♥❞ ❇r❡r❡t♦♥✱ ✷✵✶✹✱ ♣✳✼✾✽❪

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✻✳✶✾

Bharadvāja Barhaspatya | ✶✲✶✺ Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra

mahā´m̃ . ı́ndro nr.vádā´ cars.an.iprā´

utá dvibárhā amináh. sáhobhih. |
asmadryàgvāvr.dhe vı̄ryā`yorúh.
pr.thúh. súkr.tah. kartŕ.bhirbhūt || 1 ||

ı́ndramevá dhis.án.ā sātáye dhād

br.hántamr..svámajáram . yúvānam |
ás.ā..dhena śávasā śūśuvā´m
. sam
.
sadyáścidyó vāvr.dhé ásāmi || 2 ||

pr.thū´ karásnā bahulā´ gábhastı̄

asmadryàksám . mimı̄hi śrávām. si |
yūthéva paśváh. paśupā´ dámūnā
asmā´m̃. indrābhyā´ vavr.tsvājau
´ || 3 ||

tám
. va ı́ndram . catı́namasya śākaır ´
. vājayánto huvema |
ihá nūnám
yáthā citpū´rve jaritā´ra āsúr
ánedyā anavadyā´ áris..tāh. || 4 ||

dhr.távrato dhanadā´h. sómavr.ddhah.

sá hı́ vāmásya vásunah. puruks.úh. |
sám. jagmire pathyā` rā´yo asmin
samudré ná sı́ndhavo yā´damānāh. || 5 ||

. na ā´ bhara śūra śáva

śávis..tham
ójis..thamójo abhibhūta ugrám |
vı́śvā dyumnā´ vŕ..sn.yā mā´nus.ān.ām
asmábhyam . dā harivo mādayádhyai || 6 ||
 ✻✼✾

✶✳ ▼✐❣❤t② Indra✱ ✜❧❧✐♥❣ ♠❛♥✲❧✐❦❡ ❬✇✐t❤ ✇❤❛t ✐s r❡❛❧❪✶

t❤♦s❡ t❤❛t ❞r❛✇ t♦ t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s ✱ ✷
❛♥❞✱ t✇✐❝❡✲s✇♦❧❧❡♥✱ ❢♦rt✐❢②✐♥❣ ❤✐♠s❡❧❢ ✇✐t❤ ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ str❡♥❣t❤s✱
t✉r♥✐♥❣ ❬♦❜st❛❝❧❡s❪ ❛✇❛② ❢r♦♠ ✉s✱
❤❡ ❤❛s ❜❡❝♦♠❡ str♦♥❣❡r ❢♦r ❛ ❞❡❡❞ ♦❢ ✈❛❧♦r❀
❤❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ❤❡❧♣ ♦❢ ❬❤✐s❪ ♠❛❦❡rs
✇❡❧❧ ❢♦r♠❡❞✱ ❬❛♥❞❪ ✇✐❞❡ s♣r❡❛❞✐♥❣✳
✷✳ ❆♥ ❡✛♦rt t♦ ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❡ ❬❤✐♠❪ s❤❛❧❧ s❡t ✉♣ Indra ❢♦r ❜❡✐♥❣ r❡❛❝❤❡❞✱
❬❤✐♠✱❪ ❡①t❡♥s✐✈❡✱ ❤❡❧♣✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❞✐r❡ str❛✐❣❤ts✱
♥♦t s✉❜❥❡❝t t♦ ♦❧❞ ❛❣❡ ②♦✉t❤✱ ✸
s✇❡❧❧❡❞ ✇✐t❤ ✐♥✈✐♥❝✐❜❧❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡ ✖ ❬Indra✱❪
✇❤♦ ❥✉st ✐♥ ❛♥ ✐♥st❛♥t ❤❛s ❝♦♠♣❧❡t❡❧② ❡❧❡✈❛t❡❞ ❤✐♠s❡❧❢✳
✸✳ ❇r♦❛❞ ❢♦r❡❛r♠s✱ ❧❛r❣❡ ❛r♠s ✖
t✉r♥✐♥❣ ❬♦❜st❛❝❧❡s❪ ❛✇❛② ❢r♦♠ ✉s✱
❛❧❧♦t ❢✉❧❧② ❛✉❞✐t♦r② ✐♠♣r❡ss✐♦♥s✦
▲✐❦❡ ❦❡❡♣❡r ♦❢ ❤❡r❞s ❬❝✐r❝❧❡s❪ ❤❡r❞s ♦❢ ❝❛tt❧❡✱
❬❜❡✐♥❣❪ ❛ ❢r✐❡♥❞ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❤♦✉s❡✱
❛r♦✉♥❞ ✉s✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❝✐r❝❧❡ ✐♥ ❛ ❜❛tt❧❡✳
✹✳ ❍❡r❡ ♥♦✇ ✇❡✱ ♣r❛❝t✐s✐♥❣ r✉s❤❡s ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱ ❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥ ❤✐♠✱
❡❧✉s✐✈❡ Indra✱ ✇✐t❤ ❬❛❧❧❪ ❤✐s ♣♦✇❡rs ♦♥ ②♦✉r ❜❡❤❛❧❢✱
❬✇❡ ✇❤♦ ❛r❡❪ ❥✉st ❧✐❦❡ ❢♦r♠❡r ✐♥✈♦❦❡rs ❤❛✈❡ ❜❡❡♥ ✖
♥♦t✲t♦✲❜❡✲❝♦♥str❛✐♥❡❞ ❢❛✉❧t❧❡ss ✉♥✐♥❥✉r❡❞✳
✺✳ ❙✐♥❝❡ ❤❡ ❬✐s❪ ❬✇❤♦s❡❪ r❡❛❧♠ ✐s ♠❛✐♥t❛✐♥❡❞✱ ❬✇❤♦ ✐s❪ ❣✐✈✐♥❣ s♣♦✐❧s✱
❬✇❤♦✱❪ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥❡❞ ❜② Soma✱
❬✐s❪ ❧✐❜❡r❛❧❧② ❣r❛♥t✐♥❣ ✇❤❛t✬s ❧♦✈❡❧② ❬❛♥❞❪ ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧✱
♣❛t❤✇❛②s ♦❢ t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡ ❤❛✈❡ ❝♦♠❡ ✐♥t♦ ❝♦♥t❛❝t ✇✐t❤ ❡❛❝❤ ♦t❤❡r
✐♥ ❤✐♠ ✖ ❧✐❦❡ r✐✈❡rs ❛r❡ ♠❡❡t✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❛ s❡❛✳
✻✳ ❇r✐♥❣ ❤❡r❡ ❢♦r ✉s✱ ❖ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱
♠♦st ♣♦t❡♥t ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡
✹
❬❛♥❞❪ t❤❡ ♠♦st ✜❡r❝❡ ✈✐♦❧❡♥t ❢r❡♥③②✱ ❖ ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ ♦♥❡✦
❚❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ ❣✐✈❡ ✉s ❛❧❧ ♣♦✇❡rs t♦ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t❡
♠❛♥❧② ♣♦✇❡rs ♦❢ ❤✉♠❛♥s
❖ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞✲❜②✲t❛✇♥②✲♦♥❡s ♦♥❡✱ t♦ ♠❛❦❡ ❬✉s❪ ❡①✉❧t✳

✶ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✸✳✸✹✳✼❛❜

✷ s❡♥s❡s
✸ t❤✐s ❧✐♥❡ ✐s t❤❡ s❛♠❡ ❛s ✸✳✸✷✳✼❜
✹ ❧✐t✳ ✏❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♠♦st ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✑
✻✽✵

yáste mádah. pr.tanās.ā´..dámr.dhra

. na ā´ bhara śūśuvā´m
ı́ndra tám . sam |
yéna tokásya tánayasya sātau ´
mam . sı̄máhi jigı̄vā´m
. sastvótāh. || 7 ||

ā´ no bhara vŕ..san.am . śús.mamindra

dhanaspŕ.tam . śūśuvā´m
. sam. sudáks.am |
yéna vám. sāma pŕ.tanāsu śátrūn
távotı́bhirutá jām´ı̄m̃
. rájāmı̄n || 8 ||

ā´ te śús.mo vr..sabhá etu paścā´d

óttarā´dadharā´dā´ purástāt |
ā´ viśváto abhı́ sámetvarvā´ṅ
ı́ndra dyumnám . svàrvaddhehyasmé || 9 ||

nr.vátta indra nŕ.tamābhirūt´ı̄

vam . śrómatebhih. |
. sı̄máhi vāmám
´ı̄ks.e hı́ vásva ubháyasya rājan
dhā´ rátnam . br.hántam || 10 ||
. máhi sthūrám

marútvantam . vr..sabhám . vāvr.dhānám

ákavārim . divyám. śāsámı́ndram |
viśvāsā´hamávase nū´tanāyográm .
sahodā´mihá tám . huvema || 11 ||

jánam. vajrinmáhi cinmányamānam

ebhyó nŕ.bhyo randhayā yés.vásmi |
ádhā hı́ tvā pr.thivyā´m
. śū´rasātau
hávāmahe tánaye gós.vapsú || 12 ||

vayám . ta ebhı́h. puruhūta sakhyaıh´.

śátroh.śatrorúttara ı́tsyāma |
ghnánto vr.trā´n.yubháyāni śūra
rāyā´ madema br.hatā´ tvótāh. || 13 ||
 ✻✽✶

✼✳ ❲❤✐❝❤ t❤② ❡①❝✐t❡♠❡♥t ❬✐s❪ ♣r❡✈❛✐❧✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❜❛tt❧❡s✱ ❬✐s❪ ✉♥❝❡❛s✐♥❣✱

❜r✐♥❣ ❤❡r❡ ❢♦r ✉s✱ ❖ Indra✱ t❤❛t ♦♥❡ s✇❡❧❧❡❞ ✖
❬t❤❛t ♦♥❡✱❪ ✇✐t❤ ✇❤✐❝❤ ✇❡✱ ❤❡❧♣❡❞✲❜②✲t❤❡❡✱
♠✐❣❤t ❝♦♥s✐❞❡r ♦✉rs❡❧✈❡s ❝♦♥q✉❡r♦rs
✐♥ ❣❛✐♥✐♥❣ ♣r♦♣❛❣❛t✐♥❣✲❢❛♠✐❧② ❝❤✐❧❞r❡♥✳
✽✳ ❇r✐♥❣ ❤❡r❡ ❢♦r ✉s ❬t❤❛t❪ ✐♠♣r❡❣♥❛t✐♥❣ ❢❡r✈♦r✱ ❖ Indra✱
❬✇❤✐❝❤ ✐s❪ ❝❛rr②✐♥❣ ❛✇❛② ♣r✐③❡s✱
❬✇❤✐❝❤ ✐s❪ s✇❡❧❧❡❞✱ ❬✇❤✐❝❤ ✐s❪ ✇❡❧❧✲❞✐s❝❡r♥✐♥❣✱
✇✐t❤ ✇❤✐❝❤ ✇❡ ✇♦✉❧❞ ♣❧❛❝❡ r✐✈❛❧s ✇✐t❤✐♥ ❬♦✉r❪ r❡❛❝❤ ✐♥ ❜❛tt❧❡s
❛♥❞✱ ✇✐t❤ t❤② ❢❛✈♦✉rs✱ ❬✇✐♥ ♦✈❡r ❜♦t❤❪ ❦✐♥ ❬❛♥❞❪ ♥♦♥✲❦✐♥ ❬❛❧✐❦❡❪✳
✾✳ ▼❛② t❤② r❡s❡♠❜❧✐♥❣ t❤❛t ♦❢ ❛ ❜✉❧❧ ❢❡r✈♦r s♣r❡❛❞
❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ❜❛❝❦✱ ❢r♦♠ ❛❜♦✈❡✱ ❢r♦♠ ❜❡❧♦✇✱ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ❢r♦♥t ✖
❝♦♠✐♥❣ ❤✐t❤❡r✇❛r❞ ❢r♦♠ ❛❧❧ s✐❞❡s ✖ r✐s❡ ❛♥❞ ❝♦♠❡ t♦ ❬✉s❪✦
❖ Indra✱ ♣❧❛❝❡ ✐♥t♦ ✉s ♣♦ss❡ss✐♥❣ ♦❢ svàr ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t❡✦
✶✵✳ ❲✐t❤ t❤② ♠♦st ♠❛♥❧② ❢❛✈♦✉rs✱
✇✐t❤ t❤♦s❡ ❬❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s❪ ❝♦♥s✐❞❡r❡❞ t♦ ❜❡ tr❛✐♥❡❞✱
✐♥ ❛ ♠❛♥❧② ❢❛s❤✐♦♥ ✇❡ ♠✐❣❤t ♣❧❛❝❡ ✇❤❛t✬s ❧♦✈❡❧②
✇✐t❤✐♥ ❬♦✉r❪ r❡❛❝❤✳
❙✐♥❝❡ t❤♦✉ ♣♦ss❡ss r✐❝❤❡s ♦❢ ❜♦t❤ ❦✐♥❞s✱ ❖ ❝❤✐❡❢t❛✐♥✱
t❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ ❣✐✈❡ ❬✉s❪ ❛ ❣r❡❛t✱ s✉❜st❛♥t✐❛❧ ❣✐❢t
❬❛♥❞❪ t❤❡ ♠✐❣❤t② ❬❢♦r♠❪ ✳ ✺
✶✶✳ ❆❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② Marut✲s✱ ❛♣♣❡❛r✐♥❣ ❛s ❛ ❜✉❧❧✱
❣r♦✇✐♥❣ str♦♥❣❡r ♥♦♥✲s❡❧✜s❤ ❝❡❧❡st✐❛❧ ❝♦♠♠❛♥❞❡r ✖ Indra ✖
♣r❡✈❛✐❧✐♥❣ ♦✈❡r ❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣ ✖ t♦ ❤❡❧♣ t♦❞❛② ✖
❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s✱ ❣✐✈✐♥❣ ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ str❡♥❣t❤ ✖
✇❡ ❝♦✉❧❞ ❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥ s✉❝❤ ❤❡r❡✳ ✻
✶✷✳ ▼❛❦❡ ❬❛♥②❪ ♣❡rs♦♥✱ ❡✈❡♥ ❬♦♥❡❪ ✇❤♦ ✐s t❤♦✉❣❤t ♦❢ ❤✐❣❤❧②✱
❖ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲✇✐❡❧❞❡r✱ ❛ s✉❜❥❡❝t t♦ t❤❡s❡ ♠❡♥
❛♠♦♥❣ ✇❤♦♠ ■ ❛♠✦
❚❤❡r❡❢♦r❡✱ ✇❡ ❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥ t❤❡❡
❞✉r✐♥❣ ❣❛✐♥✐♥❣ t❤r♦✉❣❤ ❞❡❝✐s✐✈❡ ❛❝t✐♦♥
♣r♦♣❛❣❛t✐♥❣✲❢❛♠✐❧② ❬♦✛s♣r✐♥❣s❪✱ ❧❛♥❞✱ ❝♦✇s✱ ✇❛t❡rs✳
✶✸✳ ▼❛② ✇❡ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡s❡ t❤②✱ ❖ ♠✉❝❤ ✐♥✈♦❦❡❞ ♦♥❡✱ ♣❛rt♥❡rs❤✐♣s✱
❜❡ ✐♥❞❡❡❞ s✉♣❡r✐♦r t♦ r✐✈❛❧ ❛❢t❡r r✐✈❛❧✦
▼❛② ✇❡✱ ❞❡str♦②✐♥❣ ♦❜st❛❝❧❡s ♦❢ ❜♦t❤ t②♣❡s✱ ❖ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱
✼
❤❡❧♣❡❞✲❜②✲t❤❡❡✱ ❞❡❧✐❣❤t ✐♥ ❛ ✈❛st tr❡❛s✉r❡✦
✺ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✻✳✶✾✳✷❜
✻ s❛♠❡ st❛♥③❛ ❛s ✸✳✹✼✳✺
✼ t❤♦s❡ ✇✐t❤✐♥ ❛♥❞ t❤♦s❡ ✇✐t❤♦✉t
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✻✳✷✵

Bharadvāja Barhaspatya | ✶✲✻✱ ✽✲✶✸ Tris..tubh✱ ✼ Virāj | t♦ Indra

dyaurná
´ yá indrābhı́ bhū´māryás
´ rayı́h. śávasā pr.tsú jánān |
tasthau
. nah. sahásrabharamurvarāsā´m
tám .
daddhı́ sūno sahaso vr.tratúram || 1 ||

divó ná túbhyamánvindra satrā´suryàm .

devébhirdhāyi vı́śvam |
. yádvr.trámapó vavrivā´m
áhim . sam .
hánnr.jı̄s.invı́s.n.unā sacānáh. || 2 ||

tū´rvannójı̄yāntavásastávı̄yān
kr.tábrahméndro vr.ddhámahāh. |
rā´jābhavanmádhunah. somyásya
. yátpurā´m
vı́śvāsām . dartnúmā´vat || 3 ||

śatáırapadranpan.áya indrā´tra
dáśon.aye kaváye ′rkásātau |
vadháıh. śús.n.asyāśús.asya māyā´h.
pitvó nā´rirecı̄tkı́m
. caná prá || 4 ||

mahó druhó ápa viśvā´yu dhāyi

vájrasya yátpátane pā´di śús.n.ah. |
. sā´rathaye kar
urú .sá sarátham
ı́ndrah. kútsāya sū´ryasya sātau ´ || 5 ||

prá śyenó ná madirámam . śúmasmai

śı́ro dāsásya námucermathāyán |
prā´vannámı̄m . sāpyám . sasántam .
pr.n.ágrāyā´ sámis.ā´ sám. svastı́ || 6 ||
 ✻✽✸

✶✳ ❆s t❤❡ s❦② t❤❛t✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❬st❛♥❞s❪ ♦✈❡r t❤❡ ❡❛rt❤✱

t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡ ♦❢ ❤✐♠✱ ✇❤♦ t❡♥❞s ✉♣✇❛r❞s ❜② t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱
st❛♥❞s ✐♥ ❜❛tt❧❡s ♦✈❡r ♠❡♥✳
❚❤❛t ❬tr❡❛s✉r❡ ❪✱ s✉♣♣♦rt✐♥❣ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞s✱ ❣❛✐♥✐♥❣ ❢❡rt✐❧❡ s♦✐❧✱
✶
❝♦♥t❡♥❞✐♥❣ ✇✐t❤ Vrtra✱
❣✐✈❡ t♦ ✉s✱ ❖ ✐♥❝✐t❡r ♦❢. ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ str❡♥❣t❤✦
✷✳ ❆s ✐❢ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ s❦② ❡✈❡r② ❝✉❡ ❬t♦ ✉♥❞❡r❣♦ tr❛♥s❢♦r♠❛t✐♦♥❪
❢♦r t❤❡❡ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ deva✲s✱
❖ Indra✱ ♦♥❡ ❛❢t❡r ❛♥♦t❤❡r ✇❛s ❣✐✈❡♥✱
✇❤❡♥ t❤♦✉✱ ❜❡✐♥❣ ❛ss♦❝✐❛t❡❞ ✇✐t❤ Vis.n.u✱ ✇❡r❡ t♦ s❧❛②✱
❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❞✐r❡❝t ✐♠♣❛❝t ♦♥❡✱
t❤❡ s♥❛❦❡ ✇❤♦ ❛s ❛♥ ♦❜st❛❝❧❡ ❤❛❞ ❤✐♥❞❡r❡❞ ✇❛t❡rs✳
✸✳ ❖✈❡r♣♦✇❡r✐♥❣✱ ✜❡r❝❡st✱ str♦♥❣❡r t❤❛♥ ❬♠❡r❡❪ str❡♥❣t❤✱
Indra✱ ❢♦r ✇❤♦♠ ❛ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛ ✇❛s ♣❡r❢♦r♠❡❞✱
✇❤♦s❡ ♠✐❣❤t ✇❛s ❛✉❣♠❡♥t❡❞✱
❜❡❝❛♠❡ t❤❡ s♦✈❡r❡✐❣♥ ♦❢ ❝♦♥t❛✐♥✐♥❣ Soma ❤♦♥❡②
t❤❛t ❛✐❞❡❞ t❤❡ ❜r❡❛❦❡r ♦❢ ❛❧❧ str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞s✳
✹✳ ▼✐s❡rs ❢❡❧❧ ❜② ❤✉♥❞r❡❞s✱ ❖ Indra✱ ✐♥ t❤❛t ❝❛s❡
❢♦r ❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❡♥ ♣r♦t❡❝t✐♦♥s ♣♦❡t
❞✉r✐♥❣ ❣❛✐♥✐♥❣ ❛ ❤②♠♥ ♦❢ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t✐♦♥✳
❲✐t❤ ❢r✉str❛t✐♦♥s ❤❡ s✉♣♣❧❛♥t❡❞ ♣♦✇❡rs t♦ ❢r❛♠❡ ❬❝♦❣♥✐t✐♦♥❪
♦❢ ✉♥❛❜❛t✐♥❣ Śusna
❛s ✐❢ ❬t❤❡② ✇❡r❡ t❤♦s❡❪. . ♦❢ ❢♦♦❞ ✖ ♥♦t❤✐♥❣ ❬♦❢ t❤❡♠❪ ✇❤❛ts♦❡✈❡r
❬✇❛s ❧❡❢t❪ ❢♦rt❤✇✐t❤✳
✺✳ ❆❣✐t❛t✐♥❣ ❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣ ❬❡♥❡r❣②❪ ✇❛s ♠♦✈❡❞ ❛✇❛②
❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ♠✐❣❤t② ❢♦❡ ✷
✇❤❡♥ ❞✉r✐♥❣ ❛❧✐❣❤t✐♥❣ ♦❢ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t
Śusna s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ ❜❡❡♥ ♠❛❞❡ t♦ ❢❛❧❧ ❞♦✇♥✱
s♦ t❤❛t. .❤❡ ✇♦✉❧❞ ❝r❡❛t❡ ❛ ✇✐❞❡ s♣❛❝❡
❢♦r ❝❤❛r✐♦t❡❡r ♦♥ t❤❡ s❛♠❡ ❝❤❛r✐♦t ✖
Indra ❬✇♦✉❧❞ ❝r❡❛t❡ ❛ ✇✐❞❡ s♣❛❝❡❪ ❢♦r Kutsa
❞✉r✐♥❣ ❣❛✐♥✐♥❣ t❤❡ s✉♥ ✳ ✸
✻✳ ❆s ❤❛✇❦ ❬❜r♦✉❣❤t❪ ❢♦rt❤ ❜r❡✇✐♥❣✲❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t✐♦♥ st❛❧❦ ❢♦r t❤✐s ♦♥❡✱
❤❡✱ ✇❤✐r❧✐♥❣ ❛r♦✉♥❞ t❤❡ ❤❡❛❞ ♦❢ ❞❡♠♦♥ Namuci ✱ ✹
❝♦♠❢♦rt❡❞ s❧❡❡♣✐♥❣ Namı̄ Sāpya ✖
❤❡ ♠✐①❡❞ t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡ ✇✐t❤ ❛ ❧✐❜❛t✐♦♥✱
✇✐t❤ ❬t❤❡ s❡♥s❡ ♦❢❪ ✇❡❧❧✲❜❡✐♥❣✳
✶ vāja
✷ t❤✐s ❧✐♥❡ ✐s t❤❡ s❛♠❡ ❛s ✹✳✷✽✳✷❞
✸ manipūra ❝❛❦r❛
.
✹ t❤✐s ❧✐♥❡ ✐s t❤❡ s❛♠❡ ❛s ✺✳✸✵✳✽❜
✻✽✹

vı́ pı́proráhimāyasya dr...dhā´h.

púro vajriñchávasā ná dardah. |
súdāmantádrékn.o apramr..syám
. dāśús.e dāh. || 7 ||
.rjı́śvane dātrám

sá vetasúm. dáśamāyam . dáśon.im

.
tū´tujimı́ndrah. svabhis..tı́sumnah. |
ā´ túgram
. śáśvadı́bham
. dyótanāya
mātúrná sı̄múpa sr.jā iyádhyai || 8 ||

sá ı̄m . spŕ.dho vanate ápratı̄to

bı́bhradvájram . gábhastau |
. vr.trahán.am
tı́s..thaddhárı̄ ádhyásteva gárte
vacoyújā vahata ı́ndramr..svám || 9 ||

sanéma té ′vasā návya indra

prá pūráva stavanta enā´ yajñaıh ´. |
saptá yátpúrah. śárma śā´radı̄rdárddhán
dā´sı̄h. purukútsāya śı́ks.an || 10 ||

tvám
. vr.dhá indra pūrvyó bhūr
varivasyánnuśáne kāvyā´ya |
párā návavāstvamanudéyam .
mahé pitré dadātha svám . nápātam || 11 ||

tvám. dhúnirindra dhúnimatı̄r

r.n.órapáh. sı̄rā´ ná srávantı̄h. |
prá yátsamudrámáti śūra párs.i
pāráyā turváśam . yádum . svastı́ || 12 ||

táva ha tyádindra vı́śvamājau ´

sastó dhúnı̄cúmurı̄ yā´ ha sı́s.vap |
dı̄dáyadı́ttúbhyam
. sómebhih. sunván
dabh´ı̄tiridhmábhr.tih. pakthyàrkáıh. || 13 ||
 ✻✽✺

✼✳ ❚❤♦✉✱ ❖ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲✇✐❡❧❞❡r✱ s❤❛❧❧ ❧❛❝❡r❛t❡

❛s ✐❢ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡
♠❛ss✐✈❡ ✇❛❧❧s ♦❢ ❤②♣♥♦t✐③✐♥❣ ❧✐❦❡ ❛ s♥❛❦❡ Pipru✳
❖ ❣✐✈✐♥❣ ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥t❧② ♦♥❡✱ t❤❛t ♥♦t✲t♦✲❜❡✲♥❡❣❧❡❝t❡❞ ❧❡❣❛❝②
t❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ ❣✐✈❡ ❛s ❛ s❤❛r❡ ❬♦❢ s♣♦✐❧s❪ t♦ ✇♦rs❤✐♣✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡❡❪ R
. jiśvan✳
✽✳ ❇❡✐♥❣ s✉❝❤✱ Indra ✇❤♦s❡ ❜❡♥❡✈♦❧❡♥❝❡ ✐s ❤❡❧♣❢✉❧✱
❞♦ t❤♦✉ ❧❡t ❧♦♦s❡ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❡♥ tr✐❝❦s ❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❡♥ ♣r♦t❡❝t✐♦♥s
❡❛❣❡r Vetasu t♦ ❣♦ ❛❣❛✐♥ ❛♥❞ ❛❣❛✐♥ ❛t ❡✈❡r ❢❡❛r❧❡ss
✺ Tugra✱
✻
t♦ s❤♦✇ ❤✐♠ ❛s ✐❢ ❬t♦ ❜❡ st✐❧❧ ❛ ❝❤✐❧❞ ❪ ♦❢ ❬❤✐s❪ ♠♦t❤❡r✳
✾✳ ❙✉❝❤ ❤❡ ♣❧❛❝❡s ❬✈✐❝t♦r② ✐♥❪ ✜❣❤ts ✇✐t❤✐♥ ❬❤✐s❪ r❡❛❝❤ ✖
♥♦t✲❝♦✉♥t❡r❜❛❧❛♥❝❡❞✱
❝❛rr②✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❬❤✐s❪ ❤❛♥❞ s❧❛②✐♥❣ Vr.tra t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✳
▲✐❦❡ ❛ s❤♦♦t❡r ❛ ❤✐❣❤ s❡❛t✱ ❤❡ s❤❛❧❧ ♠♦✉♥t t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s❀
②♦❦❡❞ ❜② ❛♥ ✉tt❡r❛♥❝❡✱ t❤❡② ❝♦♥✈❡②
❤❡❧♣✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❞✐r❡ str❛✐❣❤ts Indra✳
✶✵✳ ✏❲✐t❤ t❤② ❤❡❧♣ ✇❡ ♠✐❣❤t ❜❡ s✉❝❝❡ss❢✉❧ ❛❣❛✐♥✱ ❖ Indra✦✑ ✖
✐♥ t❤✐s ♠❛♥♥❡r ❝♦♠♠♦♥❡rs ♣r❛✐s❡ ❬❤✐♠❪ ✇✐t❤ ✜r❡ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣s✳
❲❤❡♥ ❤❡ ❤❛❞ t♦ ❜r❡❛❦ ♦♣❡♥ s❡✈❡♥ ❛✉t✉♠♥❛❧ str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞s ✖
❬t❤❡✐r❪ r❡❢✉❣❡ ✖
✇✐s❤✐♥❣ t♦ ❜❡ ❡✛❡❝t✐✈❡ ❢♦r Purukutsa✱
❤❡ ❤❛♠♠❡r❡❞ s❛✈❛❣❡ ♦♥❡s✳
✶✶✳ ❚❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❤❛s ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❢♦r Uśanas Kāvya
♣r❡❡♠✐♥❡♥t ✖ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥✐♥❣✱
❬❛♥❞❪ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② ❛ ♠❡♥t❛❧ s♣❛❝❡✳
❚❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ❣✐✈❡♥ t♦✲❜❡✲❣✐✈❡♥✲❛✇❛② Navavāstva
t♦ t❤❡ ♠✐❣❤t② ❢❛t❤❡r ❬❛s❪ ❤✐s ♦✇♥ ❞❡s❝❡♥❞❛♥t✳
✶✷✳ ❚❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ t✉♠✉❧t✉♦✉s✱
s❤❛❧❧ ❝♦♠❡ ❛❝r♦ss t✉♠✉❧t✉♦✉s ✇❛t❡rs
❧✐❦❡ r✉♥♥❡❧s ❬❝♦♠❡ ❛❝r♦ss❪ ✢♦✇✐♥❣ str❡❛♠s✳
✼
❲❤❡♥ t❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ ❝r♦ss ♦✈❡r t❤❡ s❡❛ ✱ ❖ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱
❜r✐♥❣ s✉❝❝❡ss❢✉❧❧② ♦✈❡r Turvaśa✱ Yadu✦
✶✸✳ ❆❧❧ t❤✐s ✐♥ t❤❡ ❝♦♥t❡st ✐s tr✉❧② t❤②✱ ❖ Indra✦
Dhuni ❛♥❞ Cumuri ✇❤♦♠ t❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ♣✉t t♦ s❧❡❡♣✱ ❛r❡ ❛s❧❡❡♣✳
Pr❡ss✐♥❣ ♦✉t ❬Soma❪✱ ♦♥❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❥✉st ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❡ ✇✐t❤ Soma ❞r♦♣s
❬♣❛t❤✇❛②s❪ ❢♦r t❤❡❡ ✖
❜r✐♥❣✐♥❣✲❢✉❡❧ ❬❢♦r ✐♥♥❡r Agni❪
❞❡❝❡♣t✐♦♥ ❜❡❝♦♠❡s s✉❜❥❡❝t t♦ ❛♥❛❧②s✐s ✭❄✮
❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❤②♠♥s ♦❢ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t✐♦♥✳

✺ ibha ❂ ✏❢❡❛r❧❡ss✑ ❛❢t❡r Sāyana ❝♦♠♠❡♥t❛r②

.
✻ ✏♥♦t ❛ ❢♦r♠✐❞❛❜❧❡ ✜❣❤t❡r✑
✼ ❤❡❛rt ❝❛❦r❛
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✻✳✷✶

Bharadvāja Barhaspatya | Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra

imā´ u tvā purutámasya kārór

hávyam . vı̄ra hávyā havante |
dhı́yo rathes..thā´majáram
. návı̄yo
rayı́rvı́bhūtirı̄yate vacasyā´ || 1 ||

támu stus.a ı́ndram . yó vı́dāno

gı́rvāhasam. . ddham |
gı̄rbhı́ryajñávr
yásya dı́vamáti mahnā´ pr.thivyā´h.
purumāyásya riricé mahitvám || 2 ||

sá ı́ttámo ′vayunám

. tatanvát
sū´ryen.a vayúnavaccakāra |
kadā´ te mártā amŕ.tasya dhā´méyaks.anto
ná minanti svadhāvah. || 3 ||

yástā´ cakā´ra sá kúha svidı́ndrah.

kámā´ jánam . carati kā´su viks.ú |
káste yajñó mánase śám . várāya
kó arká indra katamáh. sá hótā || 4 ||

idā´ hı́ te vévis.atah. purājā´h.

pratnā´sa āsúh. purukr.tsákhāyah. |
yé madhyamā´sa utá nū´tanāsa
utā´vamásya puruhūta bodhi || 5 ||

′
tám
. pr.chántó varāsah. párān.i
pratnā´ ta indra śrútyā´nu yemuh. |
árcāmasi vı̄ra brahmavāho yā´d
evá vidmá tā´ttvā mahā´ntam || 6 ||
 ✻✽✼

✶✳ ❚❤❡s❡✱ t♦✲❜❡✲s✉♠♠♦♥❡❞ ✈✐s✐♦♥s ❜② t❤❡ ❜❡st✲❛♠♦♥❣✲♠❛♥② s✐♥❣❡r✱

❝❛❧❧ ❛♥❡✇
✉♣♦♥ t♦✲❜❡✲s✉♠♠♦♥❡❞ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ ✈❛❧✐❛♥t ♦♥❡✱
❬t❤❡❡✱❪ st❛♥❞✐♥❣ ♦♥ ❛ ❝❤❛r✐♦t✱ ✉♥❞❡❝❛②✐♥❣✦
P❡r✈❛❞✐♥❣ tr❡❛s✉r❡ ❝♦♠❡s ❛❣❛✐♥ ❛♥❞ ❛❣❛✐♥ t❤r♦✉❣❤ ❡❧♦q✉❡♥❝❡✳
✷✳ ❍✐♠ ■ ❡①t♦❧ ✇❤♦ ✐s ❦♥♦✇♥ ❛s Indra
❬❤✐♠✱❪ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥❡❞ ❜② ❛ ✜r❡ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣✱
❝♦♥✈❡②❡❞✲❜②✲❝❤❛♥ts ❬■ ❡①t♦❧❪ ✇✐t❤ ❝❤❛♥ts✱
❬❤✐♠✱❪ ✇❤♦s❡✱ t❤❛t ♦❢ ❦♥♦✇✐♥❣ ♠❛♥② tr✐❝❦s ♦♥❡✱ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❡①♣❛♥❞
❣r❡❛t❧② s✉r♣❛ss❡s t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤✳
✸✳ ❙✉❝❤ ✐♥❞❡❡❞✱ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ t❤❡ s✉♥ ❤❡ ♠❛❞❡
✶
❧❛❝❦✐♥❣✲✐♥❞✉❝❡♠❡♥ts ❞❛r❦♥❡ss✱
t❤❛t ❤❛s s♣r❡❛❞✱ t♦ ❤❛✈❡ ❛♥ ✐♥❞✉❝❡♠❡♥t✳
❙❡❡❦✐♥❣✲t♦✲s❛❝r✐✜❝❡ ♠♦rt❛❧s ♥❡✈❡r ❞✐♠✐♥✐s❤
t❤②✱ t❤❛t ♦❢ ❛♥ ✐♠♠♦rt❛❧✱ ❝♦♥❞✐t✐♦♥✱ ❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ✐♥❤❡r❡♥t ♣♦✇❡r✦
✖✖
✹✳ ❲❤❡r❡ ❞♦ ②♦✉ t❤✐♥❦ ❬✐s❪ t❤❛t Indra ✇❤♦ ♣❡r❢♦r♠❡❞ t❤❡s❡ ❬❞❡❡❞s❪❄
❲❤✐❝❤ ♣❡rs♦♥ ❤❡ r♦❛♠s t♦❄ ❆♠♦♥❣ ✇❤✐❝❤ tr✐❜❡s❄
❲❤✐❝❤ ✜r❡ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣ ❬✐s❪ ♣❧❡❛s✐♥❣ t♦ t❤② ♠✐♥❞✱
t♦ t❤② ❤❡❛rt✬s ❝♦♥t❡♥t❄
❲❤✐❝❤ ❤②♠♥ ♦❢ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t✐♦♥ ❬✐s s✉❝❤❪❄
❲❤♦ ❬✐s❪ s✉❝❤ ✐♥✈♦❦❡r ❬♦❢ t❤❡❡❪❄
✖✖
✺✳ ❙✐♥❝❡ ✉♣ t♦ t❤✐s ♠♦♠❡♥t t❤② ❢♦r♠❡r✱ ❜♦r♥✲❜❡❢♦r❡ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s
❤❛✈❡ ❜❡❡♥ ❬s✉❝❝❡ss❢✉❧❧②❪ ♣❡r❢♦r♠✐♥❣ ❛❣❛✐♥ ❛♥❞ ❛❣❛✐♥
❬❤❡r♦✐❝ ❞❡❡❞s❪✱
❖ ❞♦✐♥❣ ♠✉❝❤✱ ❞♦ ❤❡❡❞ t❤❡ ❧❡❛st ❬s❦✐❧❧❡❞❪ ♦♥❡✱
❬t❤♦s❡❪ ✇❤♦ ❬❛r❡❪ ✐♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ ❛♥❞ ❬t❤♦s❡❪ ✇❤♦ ❬❛r❡❪ ♥♦✈✐❝❡s✱
❖ ♠✉❝❤ ✐♥✈♦❦❡❞ ♦♥❡✦
✻✳ ❚❤❡ ❧❡❛st ❬s❦✐❧❧❡❞❪ ♦♥❡s✱ ✐♥q✉✐r✐♥❣ ❛❜♦✉t ❤✐♠ ✖
❛❜♦✉t t❤②✱ ❖ Indra ❞✐st❛♥t ❢♦r♠❡r ❢❛♠♦✉s ❞❡❡❞s ✖
❬t❤✉s❪ ❣✐✈❡ t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s ❞✐r❡❝t✐♦♥s ❬❢♦r ✐♠♣r♦✈❡♠❡♥t❪✳
❲❡ ♣r❛✐s❡ ❬t❤❡❡❪✱ ❖ ✈❛❧✐❛♥t✱ ❝♦♥✈❡②❡❞ ❜② ❛ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥ ♦♥❡✱
✐♥❛s♠✉❝❤ ❛s ✇❡ ❤❛✈❡ ❣♦t t♦ ❦♥♦✇ t❤❡❡ ✐♥ t❤✐s ✇❛② ❛s ♠✐❣❤t②✳

✶ manipūra ❝❛❦r❛
.
✻✽✽

abhı́ tvā pā´jo raks.áso vı́ tasthe

máhi jajñānámabhı́ tátsú tis..tha |
táva pratnéna yújyena sákhyā
vájren.a dhr..sn.o ápa tā´ nudasva || 7 ||

sá tú śrudhı̄ndra nū´tanasya

brahman.yató vı̄ra kārudhāyah. |
tvám . hyā`pı́h. pradı́vi pitr̄.n.ā´m
.
śáśvadbabhū´tha suháva és..tau || 8 ||

prótáye várun.am . mitrámı́ndram .

marútah. kr..svā´vase no adyá |
prá pūs.án.am
. vı́s.n.umagnı́m. púram . dhim.
savitā´ramós.adhı̄h. párvatām̃
. śca || 9 ||

imá u tvā puruśāka prayajyo

jaritā´ro abhyàrcantyarkáıh. |
śrudh´ı̄ hávamā´ huvató huvānó
ná tvā´vām̃
. anyó amr.ta tvádasti || 10 ||

nū´ ma ā´ vā´camúpa yāhi vidvā´n

vı́śvebhih. sūno sahaso yájatraih. |
yé agnijihvā´ .rtasā´pa āsúr
yé mánum . cakrúrúparam . dásāya || 11 ||

sá no bodhi pura .etā´ sugés.ūtá

durgés.u pathikŕ.dvı́dānah. |
yé áśramāsa urávo váhis..thās
tébhirna indrābhı́ vaks.i vā´jam || 12 ||
 ✻✽✾

✼✳ ❚❤❡ s❤✐❡❧❞ ♦❢ ❛ ❣✉❛r❞✐♥❣ ❬✐♠♣✉❧s❡❪✱

✷
♠❛♥✐❢❡st✐♥❣ ✐ts❡❧❢ ❡①t❡♥s✐✈❡❧②✱
❤❛s s♣r❡❛❞ ♦✈❡r t❤❡❡✳ ❊①t❡♥❞ ❬t❤②s❡❧❢❪ ✇❡❧❧ ♦✈❡r ✐t✦
❇② ✉s✐♥❣ t❤② ❛♥❝✐❡♥t s✉✐t❛❜❧❡ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥ ✖ t❤❡ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t ✖
r❡♠♦✈❡ s✉❝❤ ❬s❤✐❡❧❞s❪✱ ❖ ❞❛r✐♥❣ ♦♥❡✦
✽✳ ❙✉❝❤✱ ❞♦ ♥♦✇ ❣✐✈❡ ❡❛r✱ ❖ Indra✱
t♦ ❛♥ ❡♠♣❧♦②✐♥❣✲❛✲❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥ ♥♦✈✐❝❡✱
❖ ✈❛❧✐❛♥t✱ ♥♦✉r✐s❤✐♥❣✲s✐♥❣❡rs ♦♥❡✱
s✐♥❝❡ ✐♥ ♦❧❞ ❞❛②s t❤♦✉ ❜❡❝❛♠❡ t✐♠❡ ❛♥❞ ❛❣❛✐♥
❧✐st❡♥✐♥❣✲✇✐❧❧✐♥❣❧② ❛❧❧② ♦❢ ❢❛t❤❡rs ✐♥ ❬t❤❡✐r❪ q✉❡st✳
✾✳ ❊♥❛❜❧❡ ❬t❤❡♠❪ ❛s ❛♥ ❛✐❞ ✖ Varun.a✱ Mitra✱
Indra✱ Marut✲s t♦ ❤❡❧♣ ✉s t♦❞❛②✦
❬❊♥❛❜❧❡❪ Pūs.an✱ Vis.n.u✱ Agni
❜❡❛r✐♥❣ ❢✉❧❧♥❡ss Savitr✱ t❤❡ ❤❡r❜s ❛♥❞ ❦♥♦tt② ♦♥❡s✦
✶✵✳ ❚❤❡s❡ ✐♥✈♦❦❡rs ♣r❛✐s❡. ❬t❤❡❡❪✱ ❖ ✈❡r②✲❤❡❧♣❢✉❧✱
❖ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ t❤❡ ✜rst ♦❢ ❬❛♥②❪ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡ ♦♥❡✱
✇✐t❤ ❤②♠♥s ♦❢ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t✐♦♥✳
❉♦ ❤❡❛r✱ ❜❡✐♥❣ ❝❛❧❧❡❞ ✉♣♦♥✱
t❤❡ ✐♥✈♦❝❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❝❛❧❧✐♥❣ ✉♣♦♥ ❬t❤❡❡❪ ❬✐♥✈♦❦❡r❪✦
❚❤❡r❡ ✐s ♥♦ ♦♥❡ s✐♠✐❧❛r t♦ t❤❡❡ ♦t❤❡r t❤❛♥ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ ✐♠♠♦rt❛❧ ♦♥❡✦
✶✶✳ ◆♦✇ t♦✇❛r❞s ♠② s♣❡❡❝❤ ❞♦ st❡❡r✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❢♦✉♥❞ ❬Soma❪✱
❖ ✐♥❝✐t❡r ♦❢ ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ str❡♥❣t❤✱
t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ❛❧❧ ✐♥str✉♠❡♥t❛❧✲✐♥✲❛✲s❛❝r✐✜❝❡ ❬Marut✲s ❪✱
✸
t❤❛t✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ Agni ❢♦r t♦♥❣✉❡✱ ❤❛✈❡ ❜❡❡♥ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ .rta✱
t❤❛t ❤❛✈❡ ♠❛❞❡ ❛♥ ✐♥t❡❧❧✐❣❡♥t ♠❛♥ ❝❧♦s❡ t♦ ❡①❤❛✉st✐♦♥✦
✶✷✳ ❙✉❝❤✱ ❜❡✐♥❣ ❦♥♦✇♥ ❛s ♣❛t❤✲♠❛❦✐♥❣✱ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ♦✉r ❧❡❛❞❡r
✐♥ ❡❛s②✲t♦✲tr❛✈❡rs❡ ❛♥❞ ✐♥ ❤❛r❞✲t♦✲❡s❝❛♣❡ ❬♣❧❛❝❡s❪✦
❲❤✐❝❤ ❬Marut✲s❪ ❛r❡ ✉♥t✐r✐♥❣✱ s♣❛❝✐♦✉s✱ ❜❡st✲❛t✲❝♦♥✈❡②✐♥❣✱
✇✐t❤ t❤♦s❡✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❝♦♥✈❡② ❢♦r ✉s ❛ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✦

✷ ❧✐t✳ ✏✜r♠♥❡ss✑
✸ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✺✳✺✽✳✹❝✱✼✳✺✼✳✶❛✱❡t❝✳
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✻✳✷✷

Bharadvāja Barhaspatya | Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra

yá éka ı́ddhávyaścars.an.ı̄nā´m

ı́ndram . gı̄rbhı́rabhyàrca ābhı́h. |
. tám
yáh. pátyate vr..sabhó vŕ..sn.yāvān
satyáh. sátvā purumāyáh. sáhasvān || 1 ||

támu nah. pū´rve pitáro návagvāh.

saptá vı́prāso abhı́ vājáyantah. |
naks.addābhám . táturim. parvates..thā´m
ádroghavācam . matı́bhih . śávis..tham || 2 ||

támı̄maha ı́ndramasya rāyáh.

puruv´ı̄rasya nr.vátah. puruks.óh. |
yó áskr.dhoyurajárah. svàrvān
támā´ bhara harivo mādayádhyai || 3 ||

tánno vı́ voco yádi te purā´ cij

jaritā´ra ānaśúh. sumnámindra |
káste bhāgáh. kı́m . váyo dudhra khidvah.
púruhūta purūvaso ′suraghnáh. || 4 ||

tám
. pr.chántı̄ vájrahastam . rathes..thā´m
ı́ndram. vépı̄ vákvarı̄ yásya nū´ g´ı̄h. |
tuvigrābhám . tuvikūrmı́m . rabhod ā´m
.
gātúmis.e náks.ate túmramácha || 5 ||
 ✻✾✶

✶✳ ❚❤❡ ♦♥❧② ♦♥❡ t♦ ❜❡ s✉♠♠♦♥❡❞ ✖

Indra ❬t❤❡ ❝❤✐❡❢t❛✐♥❪ ♦❢ t❤♦s❡
✶
t❤❛t ❞r❛✇ t♦ t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s ✖ ✷
❤✐♠ ■ s❤❛❧❧ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t❡ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡s❡ ❝❤❛♥ts✱
✇❤♦✱ r❡s❡♠❜❧✐♥❣✲❛✲❜✉❧❧✱ ♣♦ss❡ss❡❞ ♦❢ t❤❡ ♠❛♥❧② ♣♦✇❡rs✱ r❡✐❣♥s✱
❬✇❤♦ ✐s❪ ❛ r❡❛❧ ❦♥♦✇✐♥❣✲♠❛♥②✲tr✐❝❦s
♣♦ss❡ss✐♥❣ ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ str❡♥❣t❤ ✜❣❤t❡r✳
✷✳ ❖✉r ❛♥❝✐❡♥t ❢❛t❤❡rs✱ s❡✈❡♥ ✐♥✇❛r❞❧② ❡①❝✐t❡❞ Navagva✲s
✇❡r❡ ♣r❛❝t✐s✐♥❣ r✉s❤❡s ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r ❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ ❤✐♠
✇❤♦ ✜♥❞s ✇❛②s t♦ ❞❡❝❡✐✈❡✱
✇❤♦ ❤❛s ✇❛②s t♦ ♦✈❡r❝♦♠❡ ❬❛❞✈❡rs✐t②❪✱
✇❤♦ r❡s✐❞❡s ✐♥ t❤❡ ❦♥♦tt② ♦♥❡✱
✇❤♦s❡ s♣❡❡❝❤ ❤❛s ♥♦ ♠❛❧✐❝❡ ✐♥ ✐t✱
✇❤♦ ❤❛s t❤❡ ♠♦st ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡ t❤r♦✉❣❤ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❣❡st✉r❡s✳
✸✳ ❚❤❛t Indra ✇❡ ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤ ❬❢♦r ❛ s❤❛r❡❪ ♦❢ ❤✐s tr❡❛s✉r❡
♦❢ ✇❤✐❝❤ ❬tr❡❛s✉r❡❪ ❤❡r♦❡s ❛r❡ ♠❛♥②✱
✇❤✐❝❤ ❬tr❡❛s✉r❡❪ ✐s ♠❛♥❧② ❛♥❞
❣r❛♥t✐♥❣ ❧✐❜❡r❛❧❧② ❬✇❤❛t✬s ❧♦✈❡❧② ❛♥❞ ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧❪ ✳
✸
❲❤✐❝❤ ❬✐s❪ ♥♦t ❞❡✜❝✐❡♥t✱ ✉♥❞❡❝❛②✐♥❣✱ ♣♦ss❡ss✐♥❣ ♦❢ svàr✱
t❤❛t ❬tr❡❛s✉r❡❪ ❜r✐♥❣ ❤❡r❡✱ ❖ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞✲❜②✲t❛✇♥②✲♦♥❡s ♦♥❡✱
t♦ ♠❛❦❡ ❬✉s❪ ❡①❛❧t✦
✹✳ ■❢ ✐♥❞❡❡❞ ❬❡✈❡r❪ ❜❡❢♦r❡ ✐♥✈♦❦❡rs ♦❜t❛✐♥❡❞ t❤② ❜❡♥❡✈♦❧❡♥❝❡✱
❖ Indra✱
t❤❡♥ t❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ ❡①♣❧❛✐♥ t♦ ✉s ✇❤❛t ✐s t❤❛t t❤② s❤❛r❡✱
✇❤❛t ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❛♥❞✴♦r ❜♦❞✐❧② ❡♥❡r❣②
❤❡ ✇❤♦ s❧❛②s ❣✉✐❞✐♥❣ s♣✐r✐ts ❬♦❜t❛✐♥s❪❄
✹
❖ ❢❛❝✐❧✐t❛t✐♥❣ ❛♥❣❡r✱ ❞❡♣r❡ss✐♥❣ ♦♥❡✦
❖ ♠✉❝❤ ✐♥✈♦❦❡❞ ♦♥❡✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ♠❛♥② ❜❡♥❡✜ts ♦♥❡✦
✖✖
✺✳ ❬❖♥❡ ✇❤♦ ✐s❪ ✐♥q✉✐r✐♥❣ ❛❜♦✉t ❤✐♠ ✖
t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲✐♥✲❤❛♥❞ st❛♥❞✐♥❣ ♦♥ ❛ ❝❤❛r✐♦t Indra ✖
❡①❝✐t✐♥❣ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞✲❜②✲✢♦✇✐♥❣✲s♣❡❡❝❤ ❝❤❛♥t t❤❛t ✐s ❤✐s
❤❛s s♦✉❣❤t ❢♦r r❡❛❝❤✐♥❣ ❬❤✐♠ ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡r❪
❛♥ ✉♥✐♠♣❡❞❡❞ ♣❛t❤✇❛② t♦✇❛r❞s t❤❡ str♦♥❣ ♦♥❡
❬✇❤♦❪ s❡✐③❡s ♣♦✇❡r❢✉❧❧②✱ ❬✇❤♦❪ s❤✐❡❧❞s str♦♥❣❧②✱
❬✇❤♦❪ ❣✐✈❡s ♠❡❛♥s t♦ ❝❛♣t✐✈❛t❡✳
✶ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✽✳✼✵✳✶❛
✷ t❤❡ s❡♥s❡s
✸ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✻✳✶✾✳✺❜
✹ asura✲s
✻✾✷

ayā´ ha tyám . māyáyā vāvr.dhānám .

manojúvā svatavah. párvatena |
ácyutā cidvı̄..ditā´ svojo rujó
vı́ dr...dhā´ dhr..satā´ virapśin || 6 ||

tám. vo dhiyā´ návyasyā śávis..tham

.
pratnám . pratnavátparitam . sayádhyai |
sá no vaks.adanimānáh. suváhméndro
vı́śvānyáti durgáhān.i || 7 ||

ā´ jánāya drúhvan.e pā´rthivāni

divyā´ni dı̄payo ′ntáriks.ā |
tápā vr..sanviśvátah. śocı́s.ā tā´n
brahmadvı́s.e śocaya ks.ā´mapáśca || 8 ||

bhúvo jánasya divyásya rā´jā

pā´rthivasya jágatastves.asam . dr.k |
dhis.vá vájram
. dáks in
. . a indra háste
vı́śvā ajurya dayase vı́ māyā´h. || 9 ||

ā´ sam
. yátamindra n.ah. svastı́m .
śatrutū´ryāya br.hat´ı̄mámr.dhrām |
yáyā dā´sānyā´ryān.i vr.trā´
káro vajrinsutúkā nā´hus.ān.i || 10 ||

sá no niyúdbhih. puruhūta vedho

viśvávārābhirā´ gahi prayajyo |
ná yā´ ádevo várate ná devá
ā´bhiryāhi tū´yamā´ madryadrı́k || 11 ||
 ✻✾✸

✻✳ ■♥ t❤✐s ✇❛②✱ t❤♦✉ ✱ ❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ♠✉❝❤ ✈✐❣♦✉r ♦♥❡✱

✺
✇✐t❤ s✇✐❢t✲❛s✲♠✐♥❞ ❦♥♦tt② ♦♥❡ ✱ s❤❛❧❧ ❝♦✉r❛❣❡♦✉s❧② s❤❛tt❡r✱
✻
❖ s❡❧❢✲str♦♥❣ ♦♥❡✱ t❤❛t ♦♥❡✱ ✇❤♦ ✐s ❣❡tt✐♥❣ str♦♥❣❡r
t❤r♦✉❣❤ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❢r❛♠❡ ❬❝♦❣♥✐t✐♦♥❪✱
❬❛♥❞❪ ❡✈❡♥ ✉♥s❤❛❦❛❜❧❡ ✜r♠ str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞s✱ ❖ ❡①✉❜❡r❛♥t ♦♥❡✱
✼✳ t♦ st✐r ✐♥ ❛ ♣r✐♠♦r❞✐❛❧ ✇❛② ✇✐t❤ t❤② ♥❡✇ ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥
❤✐♠ ❬✇❤♦ ✐s❪ ♣r✐♠♦r❞✐❛❧✱ ✇❤♦ ❤❛s t❤❡ ♠♦st ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✳
❍❡✱ ✉♥❜♦✉♥❞❡❞ ❣♦♦❞ ❝❤❛r✐♦t❡❡r✱ Indra✱
s❤❛❧❧ ❝♦♥✈❡② ✉s ❜❡②♦♥❞ ❛❧❧ ❞❛♥❣❡rs✳
✽✳ ❋♦r ❛ ❤♦st✐❧❡ ♣❡rs♦♥ t❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ s❡t ♦♥ ✜r❡
❡❛rt❤❧②✱ ❤❡❛✈❡♥❧② ❬t❤✐♥❣s❪ ❛♥❞ t❤♦s❡ ♦❢ ✐♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ s♣❛❝❡✳
❚♦r♠❡♥t t❤❡♠ ✇✐t❤ t❤② ✢❛♠❡ ❢r♦♠ ❛❧❧ s✐❞❡s✱ ❖ ❜✉❧❧✦
❋♦r ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ✐s ❤♦st✐❧❡ t♦ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥s
s❡t ❡❛rt❤ ❛♥❞ ✇❛t❡rs ♦♥ ✜r❡✳
✼
✾✳ ❚❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡ t❤❡ ❝❤✐❡❢ ♦❢ ❝❡❧❡st✐❛❧ r❛❝❡
❬❛♥❞❪ ♦❢ ❡❛rt❤❧② ❝r❡❛t✉r❡s✱ ❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ✈❡❤❡♠❡♥t ❛♣♣❡❛r❛♥❝❡ ♦♥❡✦
P✉t t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t ✐♥t♦ t❤❡ r✐❣❤t ❤❛♥❞✱ ❖ Indra✦
❚❤♦✉✱ ❖ ✉♥❞❡❝❛②✐♥❣ ♦♥❡✱ ❡①♣♦s❡ ❛❧❧ ❞❡❝❡♣t✐✈❡ ❝♦♥str✉❝ts✳
✶✵✳ ❬❙❡t ✉♣❪ ❢♦r ✉s✱ ❖ Indra✱ ✭t♦ s♣❡❡❞ ♣❛st t❤❡ ❡♥❡♠✐❡s✮
❜r✐♥❣✐♥❣ ❝♦❤❡r❡♥❝❡ ❬t♦ ♦✉r ❛❝t✐♦♥s❪ ✉♥❝❡❛s✐♥❣
✇✐❞❡✲r❛♥❣✐♥❣ ✇❡❧❧✲❜❡✐♥❣ ✇✐t❤ ✇❤✐❝❤
t❤♦✉✱ ❖ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲✇✐❡❧❞❡r✱ s❤❛❧❧ ♠❛❦❡ ♦❜st❛❝❧❡s ✖
❬❜♦t❤❪ ♦❢ s❛✈❛❣❡s ❛♥❞ t❤♦s❡ ♦❢ ❛ ❝♦♥❞✉❝t✐♥❣ ✉♣✇❛r❞s ♦♥❡ ✖
tr✐✢✐♥❣ ❛♥❞ ❧❡ss ❛❣❣r❡ss✐✈❡ ✳ ✽
✶✶✳ ❙✉❝❤✱ ❝♦♠❡ t♦ ✉s✱ ❖ ♠✉❝❤ ✐♥✈♦❦❡❞ ❛❞❡♣t✱
✇✐t❤ ✐♥♥❛t❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡❞ ❜② ❛❧❧ ❬✇❛t❡rs❪✱
❖ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ t❤❡ ✜rst ♦❢ ❬❛♥②❪ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡ ♦♥❡✱
✇❤✐❝❤ ♥❡✐t❤❡r ❤❡✱ ✇❤♦ ✐s ✇✐t❤♦✉t deva✲s ❝❛♥ ❤✐♥❞❡r✱
♥♦r ❬❡✈❡♥❪ ❛ deva✳
❲✐t❤ t❤♦s❡ ❥♦✉r♥❡② q✉✐❝❦❧② t♦✇❛r❞s ♠❡✦

❱❡rs❡ ✽ r❡❢❡rs t♦ t❤❡ ❢❛❝t t❤❛t ❛♥ ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥❝❡ ♦❢ ❛❞r❡♥❛❧✐♥❡ ✐♥ ❜❧♦♦❞

✇✐t❤♦✉t ❛ ♣r♦♣❡r ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥✱ t❤❛t ♠❛❦❡ t❤❡ ♠✐♥❞ ✐♥✲❝♦♥tr♦❧ ❛♥❞
✐♥✲t✉♥❡ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ♦♥r✉s❤ ♦❢ ❡♥❡r❣②✱ t❤❡ ❛❞r❡♥❛❧✐♥❡ ❛♥❞ ♥❡r✈❡ ✐♠✲
♣✉❧s❡s ✐♥ t❤❡ ❜♦❞② ❝❛✉s❡ ❝❤❛♦s ❛♥❞ ❤✉rt ❛s ✐❢ ❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣ ✐♥s✐❞❡ ✐s
♦♥ ✜r❡✳
✺ ✇❛rr✐♦r ✐♥str✉❝t❡❞ ✐♥ Indra✲❝r❛❢t
✻ t❤❛t ✐s✱ ✏♠✉s❝❧❡s ❛♥❞ ❥♦✐♥ts ♦❢ t❤❡ ❜♦❞②✑
✼ ✏✢❡s❤ ❛♥❞ ❜❧♦♦❞✑
✽ ❧✐t✳ ✏♥❡✐❣❤❜♦r❧②✑
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✻✳✷✸

Bharadvāja Barhaspatya | Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra

sutá ı́ttvám
. nı́miśla indra sóme
stóme bráhman.i śasyámāna ukthé |
yádvā yuktā´bhyām. maghavanháribhyām .
bı́bhradvájram . bāhvórindra yā´si || 1 ||

yádvā divı́ pā´rye sús.vimindra

vr.trahátyé ′vasi śū´rasātau |
yádvā dáks.asya bibhyús.o ábibhyad
árandhayah. śárdhata indra dásyūn || 2 ||

pā´tā sutámı́ndro astu sómam .

pran.en´ı̄rugró jaritā´ramūt´ı̄ |
kártā vı̄rā´ya sús.vaya u lokám .
dā´tā vásu stuvaté kı̄ráye cit || 3 ||

gántéyānti sávanā háribhyām .

babhrı́rvájram . papı́h. sómam . dadı́rgā´h. |
kártā vı̄rám
. náryam . sárvavı̄ram
.
śrótā hávam gr
. .. n atá stómavāhāh. || 4 ||

ásmai vayám . yádvāvā´na tádvivis.ma

ı́ndrāya yó nah. pradı́vo ápaskáh. |
suté sóme stumási śám . sadukthéndrāya
bráhma várdhanam . yáth ā´sat || 5 ||

bráhmān.i hı́ cakr..sé várdhanāni

tā´vatta indra matı́bhirvivis.mah. |
suté sóme sutapāh. śám . tamāni
rā´n.d.yā kriyāsma váks.an.āni yajñaıh
´ . || 6 ||

sá no bodhi puro..dā´śam . rárān.ah.

. gó ..rjı̄kamindra |
pı́bā tú sómam
édám. barhı́ryájamānasya sı̄dorúm .
kr.dhi tvāyatá u lokám || 7 ||
 ✻✾✺

✶✳ ❚❤♦✉ ❬❛r❡❪ ✐♥t❡rt✇✐♥❡❞ ✇✐t❤ ♦♥❧② ♣r❡ss❡❞ ♦✉t Soma✱ ❖ Indra✱

✇✐t❤ ❛ ❤②♠♥ ♦❢ ♣r❛✐s❡✱ ✇✐t❤ ❛ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥✱ ✇✐t❤ ❛ r❡❝✐t❡❞ ✈❡rs❡✱
✇❤❡♥ t❤♦✉✱ ❝❛rr②✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❛r♠s t❤❡ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✱ ❖ Indra✱
❥♦✉r♥❡② ✇✐t❤ t✇♦ ②♦❦❡❞ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s✱ ❖ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡✱
✷✳ ♦r✱ ✇❤❡♥ ♦♥ ❛ ❞❡❝✐s✐✈❡ ❞❛② t❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱
❛✐❞ ❤✐♠✱ ✇❤♦ ♣r❡ss❡❞ ♦✉t Soma✱
t♦ s❧❛② Vr.tra✱ ✇❤❡♥ ❣❛✐♥✐♥❣ ❬✈✐❝t♦r②❪ t❤r♦✉❣❤ ❛ ❞❡❝✐s✐✈❡ ❛❝t✐♦♥❀
♦r✱ ✇❤❡♥ ♥♦t ❜❡✐♥❣ ❛❢r❛✐❞ ♦❢ t❡rr✐❢②✐♥❣ ♣♦✇❡r ♦❢ ❞✐s❝❡r♥♠❡♥t✱
t❤♦✉ s✉❜❞✉❡❞ ❞❡✜❛♥t ✐♠♣✉❧s❡s t♦ s✉✛❡r ✇❛♥t✳
✖✖
✸✳ ▲❡t Indra ❜❡ ❛ ❞r✐♥❦❡r ♦❢ ♣r❡ss❡❞ ♦✉t Soma✱
❬❤❡✱❪ ❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s✱ ❝♦♥st❛♥t❧② ❣✉✐❞✐♥❣ ❛♥ ✐♥✈♦❦❡r
✇✐t❤ ❬✈❛r✐♦✉s❪ ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❤❡❧♣✐♥❣✱
❝r❡❛t♦r ♦❢ s♣❛❝❡ ❢♦r ❛ ♣r❡ss✐♥❣✲Soma ❤❡r♦✱
❛❧s♦ ❛ ❣✐✈❡r ♦❢ ✇❤❛t✬s ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧ t♦ ❡①t♦❧❧✐♥❣ ❬❤✐♠❪ ♣r❛✐s❡r✦
✹✳ ❍❡ ✇❤♦ ✇✐❧❧ ❝♦♠❡ ✇✐t❤ t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s
t♦ ❡✈❡♥ s✉❝❤ ❛s t❤❡s❡ ♣r❡ss✐♥❣s ♦❢ Soma
❜❡❛r✐♥❣ t❤❡ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✱ ❞r✐♥❦✐♥❣ Soma✱ ❜❡st♦✇✐♥❣ ❝♦✇s ✱ ✶
❬❤❡✱❪ ✇❤♦ ♠❛❦❡s ✈❛❧✐❛♥t ♠❛♥❧② ❬✇❛rr✐♦r❪ ❛❧❧✲❤❡r♦✐❝✱
✇❤♦ ❤❡❛rs ✐♥✈♦❝❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❡①t♦❧❧✐♥❣ ❬❤✐♠❪ ❬s✐♥❣❡r❪✱
❬❤❡ ✐s❪ ❝♦♥✈❡②❡❞ ❜② ❛ ❤②♠♥ ♦❢ ♣r❛✐s❡✳
✺✳ ❲❤❛t ❤❡ ❤❛s ♣❧❛❝❡❞ ✇✐t❤✐♥ ❬♦✉r❪ r❡❛❝❤ ✖
t❤❛t ✇❡ ✇✐❧❧ s✉❜❞✉❡ ❢♦r ❤✐♠✱
❢♦r Indra ✇❤♦ ❤❛s ❛❧✇❛②s ♣❡r❢♦r♠❡❞ t❤✐s ❛❝t ❢♦r ✉s✳
❲❡ ❡①t♦❧ ❬❤✐♠❪ ✇❤❡♥ Soma ✐s ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞✱ ❤❡ s❤❛❧❧ r❡❝✐t❡ ✈❡rs❡s✱
✷
❢♦r Indra t❤❡ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛ ✇✐❧❧ ❜❡ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥✐♥❣
❛s ✐t s❤♦✉❧❞ ❜❡✳
✖✖
✻✳ ❙✐♥❝❡ t❤♦✉ ♠❛❞❡ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥s str❡♥❣t❤❡♥✐♥❣ ❬❢♦r ✉s❪✱
✇❡ ✇✐❧❧ ❞♦ ❛s ♠✉❝❤ ❢♦r t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Indra✱
❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❣❡st✉r❡s✦
❲❤❡♥ Soma ✐s ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞✱ ❖ ❞r✐♥❦❡r ♦❢ ♣r❡ss❡❞ ♦✉t ❬❥✉✐❝❡❪✱
♠❛② ✇❡ ♣r❡♣❛r❡ ✇❤♦❧❡s♦♠❡ ❬❛♥❞❪ ❛❣r❡❡❛❜❧❡ ♥♦✉r✐s❤♠❡♥ts
❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ✜r❡ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣s✦
✼✳ ❙✉❝❤✱ ❧✐❜❡r❛❧✱ ❛tt❡♥❞ t♦ ♦✉r s❛❝r✐✜❝✐❛❧ ❝❛❦❡✱
t❤❡♥ ❞r✐♥❦ ❝♦♥❞✉❝✐✈❡✲t♦✲❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡✲❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s Soma✱ ❖ Indra✦
❙✐t ♦♥ t❤✐s s❛❝r✐✜❝❡r✬s ❣r❛ss ✱ ✸
♠❛❦❡ ✇✐❞❡ t❤❡ s♣❛❝❡ ♦❢ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ t❤❡❡ ❬s❛❝r✐✜❝❡r❪✦
✶ ✏❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s✑
✷ ♣r♦❜✳ ✐♥✈♦❦❡r ✕ hotr
.
✸ t❤✐s ❧✐♥❡ ✐s t❤❡ s❛♠❡ ❛s ✸✳✺✸✳✸❝
✻✾✻

sá mandasvā hyánu jós.amugra

prá tvā yajñā´sa imé aśnuvantu |
prémé hávāsah. puruhūtámasmé
ā´ tveyám
. dh´ı̄rávasa indra yamyāh. || 8 ||

tám
. vah. sakhāyah. sám . yáthā sutés.
sómebhirı̄m. pr.n.atā bhojámı́ndram |
kuvı́ttásmā ásati no bhárāya
ná sús.vimı́ndró ′vase mr.dhāti || 9 ||

evédı́ndrah. suté astāvi sóme

bharádvājes.u ks.áyadı́nmaghónah. |
ásadyáthā jaritrá utá sūrı́r
ı́ndro rāyó viśvávārasya dātā´ || 10 ||
 ✻✾✼

✽✳ ❙✉❝❤ t❤♦✉ ❥✉st ❜❡ ❛s ❞r✉♥❦ ❛s t❤♦✉ ✇✐s❤✱ ❖ ❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s ♦♥❡✦

▼❛② t❤❡s❡ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡s ❢❛❧❧ t♦ t❤❡ ❧♦t ♦❢ t❤❡❡✦
❬▼❛②❪ t❤❡s❡ ❝❛❧❧s ❛♠♦♥❣ ✉s ✉♣♦♥ ♠✉❝❤ ✐♥✈♦❦❡❞ ♦♥❡
❬r❡❛❝❤ t❤❡❡❪✱
♠❛② t❤✐s ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥ ❞r❛✇ t❤❡❡ ♥❡❛r t♦ ❤❡❧♣ ❬✉s❪✱ ❖ Indra✦
✖✖
✾✳ ❙♦ t❤❛t Indra ✇♦✉❧❞ ♥♦t ❝♦♠♣❧❡t❡❧② ♥❡❣❧❡❝t
t♦ ❤❡❧♣ ❤✐♠ ❛♠♦♥❣ ②♦✉✱ ❖ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s✱ ✇❤♦ ✐s ♣r❡ss✐♥❣ Soma✱
❞✉r✐♥❣ Soma ❧✐❜❛t✐♦♥s s❛t❡ ❤✐♠✱ ❧✐❜❡r❛❧ Indra✱
✇✐t❤ ❞r♦♣s ♦❢ Soma ✖
✇❤❡t❤❡r ❤❡ ✇♦✉❧❞ ❜❡ ❬t❤❡r❡❪ ❢♦r t❤❛t ♦✉r ❜❛tt❧❡ ❬♦r ♥♦t❪✦
✶✵✳ ❖♥❧② Indra ✐s ♣r❛✐s❡❞ ✇❤❡♥ Soma ✐s ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞
❛♠♦♥❣ Bharadvāja✲s
❬s♦ t❤❛t❪ ❥✉st ❤❡ ✇♦✉❧❞ ❜❡ t❤❡ ♠❛st❡r ♦❢ ❛ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ❬♠❛♥❪✳
❛♥❞ ❛s ❬❣❡♥❡r♦✉s❪ t❤❡ ✐♥st✐t✉t♦r ♦❢ t❤❡ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡ ✇✐❧❧ ❜❡
t♦✇❛r❞s t❤❡ ✐♥✈♦❦❡r✱
❬s♦ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s❪ ❛ ❣✐✈❡r ♦❢ tr❡❛s✉r❡❞✲❜②✲❛❧❧ tr❡❛s✉r❡ Indra
❬✇✐❧❧ ❜❡ t♦✇❛r❞s ❤✐♠❪✳
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✻✳✷✹

Bharadvāja Barhaspatya | Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra

vŕ..sā máda ı́ndre ślóka ukthā´

sácā sómes.u sutapā´ .rjı̄s.´ı̄ |
arcatryò maghávā nŕ.bhya uktháır
dyuks.ó rā´jā girā´máks.itotih. || 1 ||

táturirvı̄ró náryo vı́cetāh.

śrótā hávam . gr.n.atá urvyū`tih. |
vásuh. śám. so narā´m. kārúdhāyā
vāj´ı̄ stutó vidáthe dāti vā´jam || 2 ||

áks.o ná cakryòh. śūra br.hán

prá te mahnā´ ririce ródasyoh. |
vr.ks.ásya nú te puruhūta vayā´
vyū`táyo ruruhurindra pūrv´ı̄h. || 3 ||

śácı̄vataste puruśāka śā´kā

gávāmiva srutáyah. sam . cáran.ı̄h. |
vatsā´nām. ná tantáyasta indra
dā´manvanto adāmā´nah. sudāman || 4 ||

anyádadyá kárvaramanyádu śvó ′sacca

sánmúhurācakrı́rı́ndrah. |
mitró no átra várun.aśca pūs.ā´ryó
váśasya paryetā´sti || 5 ||

vı́ tvádā´po ná párvatasya pr..s.thā´d

ukthébhirindrānayanta yajñaıh ´. |
tám. tvābhı́h. sus..tutı́bhirvājáyanta
. ná jagmurgirvāho áśvāh. || 6 ||
ājı́m
 ✻✾✾

✶✳ ■♥ ❬t❤❡ st❛t❡ ♦❢❪ Indra ❬t❤❡r❡ ❛r❡❪ ❜✉❧❧✐s❤ r❛♣t✉r❡✱

❞✐✈✐♥❡ ✈♦✐❝❡✱ ✈❡rs❡s✳
■♥ t❤❡ ♣r❡s❡♥❝❡ ♦❢ ❞r♦♣s ♦❢ Soma ❞r✐♥❦❡r ♦❢ ♣r❡ss❡❞ ♦✉t ❬❥✉✐❝❡❪
❬✐s❪ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❞✐r❡❝t ✐♠♣❛❝t✳
❍❡✱ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡✱ ✐s ✇♦rt❤② t♦ ❜❡ ♣r❛✐s❡❞ t♦ ♠❡♥ ✇✐t❤ ✈❡rs❡s✳
❍❡✱ ✇❤♦s❡ s✐❞❡✲❡✛❡❝ts ❞♦ ♥♦t t❛♣❡r ♦✛✱
❬✐s❪ ❡♠♣♦✇❡r❡❞✲❜②✲t❤❡✲❍❡❛✈❡♥ ❝❤✐❡❢t❛✐♥ ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥ts✳
✷✳ ❍❛✈✐♥❣ ✇❛②s t♦ ♦✈❡r❝♦♠❡ ❬❛❞✈❡rs✐t②❪ ❝❧❡❛r❧② s❡❡♥ ♠❛♥❧② ❤❡r♦
✇❤♦s❡ s✐❞❡✲❡✛❡❝ts ❛r❡ ❡①t❡♥s✐✈❡
✇✐❧❧ ❤❡❛r ✐♥✈♦❝❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❡①t♦❧❧✐♥❣ ❬❤✐♠❪ ❬♠❛♥❪✳
❇❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧✱ ❜❧❡ss✐♥❣ ♠❡♥✱ ♥♦✉r✐s❤✐♥❣ s✐♥❣❡rs✱
♣♦ss❡ss✐♥❣ t❤❡ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱
❡✉❧♦❣✐③❡❞ ❞✉r✐♥❣ ❛ ❦♥♦✇❧❡❞❣❡✲s❤❛r✐♥❣ s❡ss✐♦♥✱
❤❡ ❣✐✈❡s ❛ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✳
✖✖
✸✳ ❙tr♦♥❣ ❧✐❦❡ ❛①❧❡ ❬✐♥s❡rt❡❞❪ ✐♥t♦ t✇♦ ✇❤❡❡❧s✱ ❖ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱
t❤r♦✉❣❤ t❤② ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥❝❡ ✐t s✉r♣❛ss❡❞ ✐♥ ❜♦t❤ Rodas✲❡s
✶
❬❞r✐✈✐♥❣ t❤❡♠ ✐♥ ❞✐✛❡r❡♥t ❞✐r❡❝t✐♦♥s ❢♦r❝❡s❪✳
❚❤❡♥ ❬❛s❪ ❜r❛♥❝❤❡s ♦❢ ❛ tr❡❡ ✖ ♠❛♥②✱
t❤②✱ ❖ ♠✉❝❤ ✐♥✈♦❦❡❞ ♦♥❡✱
s✐❞❡✲❡✛❡❝ts ❤❛✈❡ s♣r♦✉t❡❞✱ ❖ Indra✦
✹✳ ❚❤②✱ ❖ ✈❡r②✲❤❡❧♣❢✉❧ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② ❡♥❛❜❧✐♥❣ ♣♦✇❡rs ♦♥❡✱
♣♦✇❡rs ❬❛r❡❪ ❧✐❦❡ ❝♦♥✈❡r❣✐♥❣ str❡❛♠s ♦❢ ♠✐❧❦❀
❧✐❦❡ ❝❛❧✈❡s✬ ❝♦r❞s✱ t❤②✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❬♣♦✇❡rs❪
❬t❤♦✉❣❤❪ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ str✐♥❣s ❬❛r❡❪ ♥♦♥✲❜✐♥❞✐♥❣✱ ❖ ❜♦✉♥t✐❢✉❧ ♦♥❡✦
✺✳ ❖♥❡ ❞❡❡❞ t♦❞❛②✱ ②❡t ❛♥♦t❤❡r t♦♠♦rr♦✇ ✖
❛♥❞ s✉❞❞❡♥❧② Indra ❬✐s❪ ♠❛❦✐♥❣ ✜❝t✐♦♥ ✐♥t♦ r❡❛❧✐t②✳
■♥ t❤✐s ❝❛s❡ Mitra ❛♥❞ Varun.a✱ Pūs.an ❬✇✐❧❧ ❛❝t❪ ❢♦r ♦✉r s❛❦❡✳
❍❡ ✇✐❧❧ ❜❡ ♠♦✈✐♥❣ ❛r♦✉♥❞
✷
❜② t❤❡ ❝♦♠♠❛♥❞ ♦❢ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ t❡♥❞s ✉♣✇❛r❞s✳
✸
✻✳ ▲✐❦❡ ✇❛t❡rs ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ❜❛s❡ ♦❢ ❛ ♠♦✉♥t❛✐♥✱ t❤❡② ❞r❡✇ ❬t❤❡✐r ♣♦✇❡r❪
❢r♦♠ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ✈❡rs❡s ❛♥❞ ✜r❡ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣s✳
❚❤❡②✱ ✇❤♦ ❛r❡ ♣r❛❝t✐s✐♥❣ r✉s❤❡s ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱
✇✐t❤ t❤❡s❡ ❝♦rr❡❝t❧② ❛rt✐❝✉❧❛t❡❞ ♣r❛✐s❡s ❤❛✈❡ s❡t ♦✉t
t♦✇❛r❞s s✉❝❤ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ ❝♦♥✈❡②❡❞ ❜② ❝❤❛♥ts✱
✹
❧✐❦❡ ❤♦rs❡s ❬s❡t ♦✉t❪ t♦✇❛r❞s ❛ r❛❝❡tr❛❝❦✳
✖✖
✶ t❤❡ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r
✷ Indra
✸ Soma
✹ t❤❛t ✐s✱ ✏♠♦✈✐♥❣ ❛r♦✉♥❞ ❜② t❤❡ ❝♦♠♠❛♥❞ ♦❢ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ t❡♥❞s ✉♣✇❛r❞s✑
✼✵✵

ná yám. járanti śarádo ná mā´sā

ná dyā´va ı́ndramavakarśáyanti |
vr.ddhásya cidvardhatāmasya tanū´
stómebhiruktháıśca śasyámānā || 7 ||

ná vı̄..dáve námate ná sthirā´ya

ná śárdhate dásyujūtāya stavā´n |
ájrā ı́ndrasya giráyaścidr..svā´
gambhı̄ré cidbhavati gādhámasmai || 8 ||

gambhı̄rén.a na urún.āmatrin
prés.ó yandhi sutapāvanvā´jān |
sthā´ ū .sú ūrdhvá ūt´ı̄ áris.an.yannaktór
vyus..tau páritakmyāyām || 9 ||

sácasva nāyámávase abh´ı̄ka

itó vā támindra pāhi ris.áh. |
amā´ cainamáran.ye pāhi ris.ó
mádema śatáhimāh. suv´ı̄rāh. || 10 ||
 ✼✵✶

✼✳ ❉❛②s ❞♦ ♥♦t ❡♠❛❝✐❛t❡ Indra

✇❤♦♠ ♥❡✐t❤❡r ②❡❛rs✺ ✇❡❛r ♦✉t✱ ♥♦r ♠♦♥t❤s✳
▼❛② ❜❡✐♥❣ ❝♦♠♠❡♥❞❡❞ ✇✐t❤ ❤②♠♥s ♦❢ ♣r❛✐s❡ ❛♥❞ ✈❡rs❡s
❜♦❞② ♦❢ t❤✐s ♦♥❡
❣r♦✇ str♦♥❣❡r ❡✈❡♥ t❤♦✉❣❤ ✐t ✇❛s ❬❛❧r❡❛❞②❪ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥❡❞✦
✽✳ ❍❡ ✇❤♦ ✐s ♣r❛✐s✐♥❣ ❬Indra❪ ❞♦❡s ♥♦t s✉❜♠✐t✻
t♦ t❤❡ str♦♥❣✱ ♥♦r t♦ t❤❡ r❡❧❡♥t❧❡ss✱ ♥♦r t♦ t❤❡ ♠♦❝❦✐♥❣✱
❞r✐✈❡♥ ❜② t❤❡ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡ t♦ s✉✛❡r ✇❛♥t ♦♥❡✳
P❧❛✐♥s✱ ❡✈❡♥ ♠♦✉♥t❛✐♥s ❬❛r❡❪ ❤❡❧♣✐♥❣
❬❛❞❡♣t❪ ♦❢ Indra ✐♥ ❞✐r❡ str❛✐❣❤ts✳
❊✈❡♥ ✐♥ t❤❡ ❞❡❡♣ ❛ ❢♦r❞ ❝♦♠❡s ✐♥t♦ ❜❡✐♥❣ ❢♦r t❤✐s ♦♥❡✳
✾✳ ❚❤r♦✉❣❤♦✉t t❤❡ ❞❡❡♣✼ ✱ t❤r♦✉❣❤♦✉t ✇✐❞❡❬✲♦♣❡♥❪ s♣❛❝❡✱
❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ♠❡❛♥s t♦ ❜❡ ❢♦r❝❡❢✉❧✱
♣♦ss❡ss✐♥❣ s❛♣ ❛♥❞ str❡♥❣t❤✱ ❡①t❡♥❞ ❢♦r ♦✉r s❛❦❡ r✉s❤❡s ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱
❖ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② ❞r✐♥❦❡r ♦❢ ♣r❡ss❡❞ ♦✉t ❬❥✉✐❝❡❪✦
❉✉r✐♥❣ ✉♥❝❡rt❛✐♥t②✱ ❜❡✐♥❣ ❞❡♣❡♥❞❡❞ ✉♣♦♥ ❛t ♥✐❣❤t
t✐❧❧ ❜r❡❛❦✐♥❣ ♦❢ ❞❛✇♥✱
t❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ r❡♠❛✐♥ ❢✉❧❧② ✉♣r✐❣❤t✳
✶✵✳ ■♥ ❛♥ ❡♥❝♦✉♥t❡r✱ ✐♥ ♦r❞❡r t♦ ❤❡❧♣✱ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥② t❤❡ ❧❡❛❞❡r✳
❋r♦♠ ♥♦✇ ♦♥✱ ❖ Indra✱ ♣r♦t❡❝t ❤✐♠ ❢r♦♠ ✐♥❥✉r②✦
❆t ❤♦♠❡ ♦r ✐♥ ❢♦r❡✐❣♥ ❧❛♥❞✱ ♣r♦t❡❝t ❤✐♠ ❢r♦♠ ✐♥❥✉r②✦
▼❛② ✇❡✱ ✈❡r② ♠❛♥❧②✱ r❡❥♦✐❝❡ ❢♦r ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ✇✐♥t❡rs✦

❚❤✐s ❤②♠♥ s❡❡♠s t♦ ❜❡ ♣❛rt ♦❢ ✐♥✐t✐❛t✐♦♥ r✐t✉❛❧ ♦❢ tr❛✐♥❡❡s ✐♥ Indra✲

❝r❛❢t ✐♥t♦ t❤❡ st❛t✉s ♦❢ ❡❧✐t❡ ✇❛rr✐♦r✳ ❱❡rs❡s ✼✕✾ ♣r❡s❡♥t ✐♥❥✉♥❝t✐♦♥s
❛♥❞ ❛ ❜❡♥❡❞✐❝t✐♦♥ t♦ ❛ ♥❡✇❧② ✐♥✐t✐❛t❡❞ ✇❛rr✐♦r✳

✺ ❧✐t✳ ✏❛✉t✉♠♥s✑
✻ ❧✐t✳ ✏❜♦✇✑
✼ ♣r♦❜✳ ✏r❛✈✐♥❡✑
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✻✳✷✺

Bharadvāja Barhaspatya | Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra

yā´ ta ūtı́ravamā´ yā´ paramā´

yā´ madhyaméndra śus.minnásti |
tā´bhirū .sú vr.trahátye ′vı̄rna
ebhı́śca vā´jairmahā´nna ugra || 1 ||

ā´bhi spŕ.dho mithat´ı̄ráris.an.yannamı́trasya

vyathayā manyúmindra |
ā´bhirvı́śvā abhiyújo vı́s.ūcı̄r
ā´ryāya vı́śó ′va tārı̄rdā´sı̄h. || 2 ||

ı́ndra jāmáya utá yé ′jāmayo ′rvācı̄nā´so

vanús.o yuyujré |
tvámes.ām . vithurā´ śávām. si
jahı́ vŕ..sn.yāni kr.n.uh´ı̄ párācah. || 3 ||

śū´ro vā śū´ram

. vanate śárı̄rais
tanūrúcā tárus.i yátkr.n.váıte |
toké vā gós.u tánaye yádapsú
vı́ krándası̄ urvárāsu brávaite || 4 ||

nahı́ tvā śū´ro ná turó ná dhr..sn.úr

ná tvā yodhó mányamāno yuyódha |
ı́ndra nákis..tvā prátyastyes.ām .
vı́śvā jātā´nyabhyàsi tā´ni || 5 ||

sá patyata ubháyornr.mn.ámayór

yádı̄ vedhásah. samithé hávante |
vr.tré vā mahó nr.váti ks.áye vā
vyácasvantā yádi vitantasáıte || 6 ||

ádha smā te cars.an.áyo yádéjān

ı́ndra trātótá bhavā varūtā´ |
asmā´kāso yé nŕ.tamāso aryá
ı́ndra sūráyo dadhiré puró nah. || 7 ||
 ✼✵✸

✶✳ ❲❤✐❝❤ t❤② ✇❛② ♦❢ ❤❡❧♣✐♥❣ ✐s ✐♥❢❡r✐♦r✱ ✇❤✐❝❤ ✐s s✉♣❡r✐♦r✱

✇❤✐❝❤ ✐s ✐♥✲❜❡t✇❡❡♥✱ ❖ ✜❡r② Indra✱
✇✐t❤ t❤♦s❡ t❤♦✉ ❤❡❧♣❡❞ ✉s ✇❡❧❧ t♦ s❧❛② Vr.tra
✇✐t❤ t❤❡s❡ r✉s❤❡s ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r ❬t❤♦✉ ❛r❡❪ ❣r❡❛t ❢♦r ✉s✱
❖ ❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s ♦♥❡✦
✷✳ ❲✐t❤ t❤♦s❡ ❬♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❤❡❧♣✐♥❣❪✱ t❤♦✉✱ ❜❡✐♥❣ ❞❡♣❡♥❞❡❞ ✉♣♦♥✱
♠❛❦❡ ♦♣♣♦s✐♥❣ ❬✉s❪ ❛❞✈❡rs❛r✐❡s✱ t❤❡ r❛❣❡ ♦❢ ❛ ❤♦st✐❧❡✱
❝♦♠❡ t♦ ♥❛✉❣❤t✱ ❖ Indra✦
❲✐t❤ t❤♦s❡ ❬♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❤❡❧♣✐♥❣❪ t❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ❞❡❣r❛❞❡❞✱
♦♥ ❜❡❤❛❧❢ ♦❢ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ❝♦♥❞✉❝ts ✉♣✇❛r❞s✱
❛❧❧ ❛ss❛✐❧✐♥❣✱ ♦r ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❞✐✈✐❞❡❞ ❧♦②❛❧t✐❡s s❛✈❛❣❡ tr✐❜❡s✳
✶
✸✳ ❖ Indra✱ ❬t❤♦s❡❪ ❦✐♥ ❛♥❞ ♥♦t✲❦✐♥ t❤❛t✱
t✉r♥❡❞ t♦✇❛r❞s ❬✉s❪✱ ❡❛❣❡r t♦ ❛tt❛❝❦✱ ❤❛✈❡ ②♦❦❡❞ ❬t❤❡✐r ❝❤❛r✐♦ts❪✱
❞♦ t❤♦✉ str✐❦❡ t❤❡✐r ♠❛♥❧② ❬❜✉t❪ s❤❛❦② ♣♦✇❡rs t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱
♠❛❦❡ ❬t❤❡♠❪ r❡tr❡❛t✦
✹✳ ❆♥ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡ ♣❤②s✐❝❛❧❧②
♣❧❛❝❡s ❬❛♥♦t❤❡r❪ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡ ✇✐t❤✐♥ ❬❤✐s❪ r❡❛❝❤
✇❤❡♥ t❤❡② t✇♦✱ t❤❡✐r ❜♦❞✐❡s s❤✐♥✐♥❣ ❬✇✐t❤ s✇❡❛t❪✱
❞♦ ❬✐t❪ ✐♥ ❬❛ ✜❣❤t t♦ ❡st❛❜❧✐s❤❪ s✉♣❡r✐♦r✐t②✱
♦r ✇❤❡♥ ❬t❤❡✐r❪ ❝♦♠♣❧❛✐♥s ❞✐s❛❣r❡❡ ✐♥ ❬♠❛tt❡rs ♦❢❪ ❢❡rt✐❧❡ ❧❛♥❞✱
❬♦❢❪ ♣r♦♣❛❣❛t✐♥❣ ❢❛♠✐❧② ❝❤✐❧❞r❡♥✱ ❬♦❢❪ ❝♦✇s✱ ❬♦❢❪ ✇❛t❡r ❬str❡❛♠s❪✳
✺✳ ❙✐♥❝❡ ♥♦t ❛♥ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱ ♥♦t ❛ q✉✐❝❦✱ ♥♦t ❛ ❞❛r✐♥❣ ♦♥❡
t❤♦✉❣❤t ♦❢ ❛s ✇❛rr✐♦r ❤❛s ♣✉t ✉♣ ❛ ✜❣❤t ❛❣❛✐♥st t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Indra✱
♥♦ ♦♥❡ ♦❢ t❤❡s❡ ❤❡r❡ ✐s ❛ ♠❛t❝❤ ❢♦r t❤❡❡✳
❚❤♦✉ ❛r❡ ❛❜♦✈❡ ❛❧❧ t❤♦s❡ ❝r❡❛t✉r❡s✳
✖✖
✻✳ ❍❡ ❝♦♥tr♦❧s ❝♦✉r❛❣❡ ♦❢ ❜♦t❤ t❤❡s❡ ❬♣❛rt✐❡s❪
✐❢ ❞✉r✐♥❣ ❛ ❤♦st✐❧❡ ❡♥❝♦✉♥t❡r ❬❤✐s❪ ❛❞❡♣ts ❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥ ❬❤✐♠❪✱
✐❢✱ ✐♥ ♦❜str✉❝t✐♥❣ ❛ ♠✐❣❤t② ❬❛r♠②❪✱
♦r ❛t ❛❜♦✉♥❞✐♥❣✲✇✐t❤✲♠❡♥ ❞✇❡❧❧✐♥❣✱
❜♦t❤ ❡♥❝✐r❝❧✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡✐r t❛r❣❡ts❪ ❬♣❛rt✐❡s❪ ❦❡❡♣ t✉ss❧✐♥❣✳
✼✳ ❚❤❡r❡❢♦r❡✱ ✇❤❡♥ t❤♦s❡ t❤❛t ❞r❛✇ t♦ t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s s❤❛❦❡ ❬t❤❡♠❪✱
✷
❖ Indra✱ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❞❡❢❡♥❞❡r
❛♥❞ ♣r♦t❡❝t♦r ❬♦❢ t❤♦s❡❪ t❤② ❬❛❞❡♣ts❪
✇❤♦ ❬❛r❡❪ ♦✉r ♠♦st ♠❛♥❧② ✐♥❝✐t❡rs ♦❢ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ t❡♥❞s ✉♣✇❛r❞s✱
❖ Indra✱ ❤❛✈❡ s❡t t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s ✐♥ ❢r♦♥t ♦❢ ✉s✳

✶ ❧✐t✳ ✏t✉r♥❡❞ ✐♥ ❜♦t❤ ❞✐r❡❝t✐♦♥s✑

✷ t❤❡ s❡♥s❡s
✼✵✹

ánu te dāyi mahá indriyā´ya

satrā´ te vı́śvamánu vr.trahátye |
ánu ks.atrámánu sáho yajatréndra
devébhiránu te nr..sáhye || 8 ||

evā´ na spŕ.dhah. sámajā samátsvı́ndra

rārandhı́ mithat´ı̄rádevı̄h. |
vidyā´ma vástorávasā gr.n.ánto
bharádvājā utá ta indra nūnám || 9 ||
 ✼✵✺

✽✳ ❚♦ t❤❡❡✱ ❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ t❤② ❣r❡❛t ♣♦✇❡r ♦✈❡r ❛✛❡❝t✐♦♥s✱

❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣ ✐s ❛❧✇❛②s ②✐❡❧❞❡❞ t♦ s❧❛② Vr.tra✳
❚❤❡ s✉♣r❡♠❛❝② ❬❛♥❞❪ t❤❡ ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ str❡♥❣t❤✱
❖ ✇♦rt❤② ♦❢ ❛ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡ ♦♥❡✱
❬❛r❡ ②✐❡❧❞❡❞❪ t♦ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Indra✱
❜② deva✲s ✇❤❡♥ ❬t❤♦✉ ❛r❡❪ ❡♥❞✉r❡❞ ❜② ♠❡♥✳
✾✳ ❙♦✱ ❞♦ ❤❡r❞ ❛❞✈❡rs❛r✐❡s t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✐♥t♦ ❝❧❛s❤❡s✱
♠❛❦❡ t❤♦s❡ ♦♣♣♦s✐♥❣ ❬✉s❪✱
t❤♦s❡ ✇✐t❤♦✉t deva✲s ❬✐♥ t❤❡♠❪ s✉❜❥❡❝t❡❞ t♦ ✉s✱ ❖ Indra✦
▼❛② ✇❡✱ ❡①t♦❧❧✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡❡❪ Bharadvāja✲s✱
t❤r♦✉❣❤ ❢❛✈♦✉r ♦❢ t❤❡ ♠♦r♥✐♥❣
❡①♣❡r✐❡♥❝❡ t❤❡❡ ♥♦✇✱ ❖ Indra✦
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✻✳✷✻

Bharadvāja Barhaspatya | Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra

śrudh´ı̄ na indra hváyāmasi tvā

mahó vā´jasya sātau ´ vāvr..sān.ā´h. |
sám. yádvı́śó ′
yanta śū´rasātā
ugrám. nó ′
vah. p ´
ā rye áhandāh. || 1 ||

tvā´m
. vāj´ı̄ havate vājineyó
mahó vā´jasya gádhyasya sātau ´ |
tvā´m vr
. . .trés vindra sátpatim. tárutram
.
tvā´m
. cas..te mus..tihā´ gós.u yúdhyan || 2 ||

′
tvám. kavı́m . codayo rkásātau
tvám. kútsāya śús.n.am . dāśús.e vark |
tvám. śı́ro amarmán.ah. párāhannatithigvā´ya
śám
. syam . karis.yán || 3 ||

tvám. rátham . prá bharo yodhámr..svám

ā´vo yúdhyantam . dáśadyum |
. vr..sabhám
tvám. túgram. vetasáve sácāhan
tvám. tújim. gr.n.ántamindra tūtoh. || 4 ||

tvám. tádukthámindra barhán.ā kah.

prá yáchatā´ sahásrā śūra dárs.i |
áva girérdā´sam
. śámbaram . han
prā´vo dı́vodāsam. citr ´
ā bhirūt´ı̄ || 5 ||

tvám . śraddhā´bhirmandasānáh. sómair

dabh´ı̄taye cúmurimindra sis.vap |
tvám . rajı́m
. pı́t.hı̄nase daśasyán
. sahásrā śácyā sácāhan || 6 ||
.sas..tı́m
 ✼✵✼

✶✳ ❍❡❛r ✉s✱ Indra✱ ✇❡ ❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥ t❤❡❡✱

✇❡✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ s❤❡❞ ❬s✇❡❛t ❛♥❞ ❜❧♦♦❞❪
✇❤✐❧❡ ❣❛✐♥✐♥❣ ❣r❡❛t r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✦
❲❤❡♥ tr✐❜❡s ✇✐❧❧ ❝♦♠❡ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✐♥ ❛ ❞❡❝✐s✐✈❡ ❛❝t✱
♦♥ ❛ ✜♥❛❧ ❞❛② t❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ ❣✐✈❡ ✉s ✜❡r❝❡ ❛ss✐st❛♥❝❡✳
✷✳ ❍❡ ✇❤♦ ✐s ❝❛♣❛❜❧❡ ♦❢ ❛ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱
❜❡❝♦♠✐♥❣ ♣♦ss❡ss✐♥❣ ♦❢ ❛ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱
❝❛❧❧s ✉♣♦♥ t❤❡❡ ❞✉r✐♥❣ ♦❜t❛✐♥✐♥❣
❣r❡❛t t♦✲❜❡✲❣❛✐♥❡❞✲❛s✲❜♦♦t② ♣r✐③❡✳
❆ ✜st✲✜❣❤t❡r✱ ✜❣❤t✐♥❣ ♠✐❞st ❜✉❧❧s✱ s❡❡s t❤❡❡ ❞✉r✐♥❣ ❞✐✣❝✉❧t✐❡s✱
❖ Indra✱ t❤❡❡✱ ♦✈❡rs❡❡r ♦❢ ✇❤❛t✬s r❡❛❧✱
❛s ❝❛rr②✐♥❣ ❛❝r♦ss ❬t❤❡ ❞✐✣❝✉❧t✐❡s❪✳
✸✳ ❚❤♦✉ s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ ❛♥✐♠❛t❡❞ t❤❡ ♣♦❡t
❞✉r✐♥❣ ❝r❡❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❛ ❤②♠♥ ♦❢ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t✐♦♥✱
t❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ♣❧✉❝❦❡❞ Śus.n.a ❢♦r ✇♦rs❤✐♣✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡❡❪ Kutsa✱
t❤♦✉ str✉❝❦ ♦✛ t❤❡ ❤❡❛❞ ♦❢ t❤❡ ✐♥✈✉❧♥❡r❛❜❧❡ ♦♥❡✱
❢♦r Atithigva ❬t❤♦✉❪ ❛r❡ ❛❜♦✉t t♦ ♣❡r❢♦r♠ ✇❤❛t ✐s ♣r❛✐s❡✇♦rt❤②✳
✹✳ ❚❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ ❜r✐♥❣ ❛ ❝❤❛r✐♦t✱
❬❛♥❞❪ ❛ ❤❡❧♣✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❞✐r❡ str❛✐❣❤ts ✇❛rr✐♦r ✖
t❤♦✉ ❤❡❧♣❡❞ ✜❣❤t✐♥❣✱ r❡s❡♠❜❧✐♥❣ ❛ ❜✉❧❧ Dasadyu✳
❋♦r Vetasu✱ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ❬✇✐t❤ ❤✐♠❪✱ t❤♦✉ ❢❡♥❞❡❞ ♦✛ Tugra✱
t❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❤❛✈❡ ♠❛❞❡ str♦♥❣ ❡①t♦❧❧✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡❡❪ Tuji✳
✺✳ ❉❡✜♥✐t❡❧② t❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ ♣❡r❢♦r♠ t❤❛t ✈❡rs❡✳
❲❤❡♥ t❤♦✉ t❡❛r t♦ ♣✐❡❝❡s ❤✉♥❞r❡❞s t❤♦✉s❛♥❞s ❬str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞s❪✱
t❤♦✉ ✇✐❧❧ t❤r♦✇ ❞♦✇♥ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ♠♦✉♥t❛✐♥ t❤❡ ❞❡♠♦♥ Śambara✱
t❤♦✉ ✇✐❧❧ ♣r♦♠♦t❡ Divodāsa ✇✐t❤ ✈❛r✐♦✉s ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❤❡❧♣✐♥❣✳
✻✳ ❚❤♦✉✱ ❜❡❝♦♠✐♥❣ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t❡❞ ✇✐t❤ ❛❝ts ♦❢ tr✉st✱
✇✐t❤ ❞r♦♣s ♦❢ Soma✱
❤❛✈❡ ♣✉t t♦ s❧❡❡♣ Cumuri ✐♥ ♦r❞❡r t♦ ❞❡❝❡✐✈❡✱ ❖ Indra✳
❚❤♦✉✱ r❡♥❞❡r✐♥❣ ❛ s❡r✈✐❝❡ t♦ Pithı̄nas
❜② ♣r♦✈✐❞✐♥❣ ♠✐❣❤t② ❛ss✐st❛♥❝❡✱
❤❛✈❡ ❞❡str♦②❡❞ Raji t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ s✐①t② t❤♦✉s❛♥❞ ❬str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞s❪✳
✼✵✽

ahám. caná tátsūrı́bhirānaśyām

.
táva jyā´ya indra sumnámójah. |
tváyā yátstávante sadhavı̄ra vı̄rā´s
trivárūthena náhus.ā śavis..tha || 7 ||

vayám . te asyā´mindra dyumnáhūtau

sákhāyah. syāma mahina prés..thāh. |
prā´tardanih. ks.atraśr´ı̄rastu śrés..tho
ghané vr.trā´n.ām
. sanáye dhánānām || 8 ||
 ✼✵✾

✼✳ ◆♦t ❡✈❡♥ ■ ✇✐t❤ ♣❛tr♦♥s ♦❢ t❤✐s s❛❝r✐✜❝❡ ❝❛♥ ❛tt❛✐♥

t❤❛t t❤② s✉♣❡r✐♦r ❣r❛❝✐♦✉s ❢r❡♥③②✱ ❖ Indra✱
✇❤✐❝❤ ❛❧♦♥❣ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ ✇✐t❤ ✇❤♦♠ ❤❡r♦❡s ❬❛r❡❪✱
❛❧♦♥❣ ✇✐t❤ ♣r♦✈✐❞✐♥❣ tr✐♣❧❡ ♣r♦t❡❝t✐♦♥ ❢❡❧❧♦✇✲❬✜❣❤t❡r❪✱
❤❡r♦❡s ❡①t♦❧✱ ❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♠♦st ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡ ♦♥❡✦
✽✳ ❲♦✉❧❞ ✇❡✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❬❜❡✐♥❣ ❝❛st❪ ✐♥t♦
t❤✐s ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t❡ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❛♥ ✐♥✈♦❝❛t✐♦♥✱
❜❡ t❤② ❞❡❛r❡st ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s✱ ❖ ♠✐❣❤t② ♦♥❡✦
▼❛② r❛❞✐❛t✐♥❣✲s✉♣r❡♠❛❝② Prātardani ❜❡ ♠♦st ❡①❝❡❧❧❡♥t
✐♥ str✐❦✐♥❣ ♦❜st❛❝❧❡s t♦ ♦❜t❛✐♥ s♣♦✐❧s✦
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✻✳✷✼

Bharadvāja Barhaspatya | Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra

kı́masya máde kı́mvasya pı̄tā´vı́ndrah.

kı́masya sakhyé cakāra |
rán.ā vā yé nis.ádi kı́m
. té asya
purā´ vividre kı́mu nū´tanāsah. || 1 ||

sádasya máde sádvasya pı̄tā´vı́ndrah.

sádasya sakhyé cakāra |
rán.ā vā yé nis.ádi sátté asya
purā´ vividre sádu nū´tanāsah. || 2 ||

nahı́ nú te mahimánah. samasya

ná maghavanmaghavattvásya vidmá |
ná rā´dhasorādhaso nū´tanasyéndra
. te || 3 ||
nákirdadr.śa indriyám

etáttyátta indriyámaceti
yénā´vadhı̄rvaráśikhasya śés.ah. |
vájrasya yátte nı́hatasya śús.māt
svanā´ccidindra paramó dadā´ra || 4 ||

vádhı̄dı́ndro varáśikhasya śés.o ′bhyāvartı́ne

cāyamānā´ya śı́ks.an |
vr.c´ı̄vato yáddhariyūp´ı̄yāyām
.
hánpū´rve árdhe bhiyásā´paro dárt || 5 ||

trim . śáchatam. varmı́n.a indra sākám.

yavyā´vatyām . puruhūta śravasyā´ |
vr.c´ı̄vantah. śárave pátyamānāh.
pā´trā bhindānā´ nyarthā´nyāyan || 6 ||
 ✼✶✶

✶✳ ❲❤❛t ✐♥ ✐ts
✶ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t✐♦♥✱ ✇❤❛t ✐♥ ✐ts ❞r✐♥❦✐♥❣
✇❤❛t ✐♥ ♣❛rt♥❡rs❤✐♣ ✇✐t❤ ✐t Indra ❤❛s ❞♦♥❡❄
❖r ❞❡❧✐❣❤ts ♦❢ ❛ s✐tt✐♥❣ ✖ ✇❤❛t t❤♦s❡ ❬✇♦rs❤✐♣❡rs❪ ♦❢ ✐t
❤❛✈❡ ❞✐s❝♦✈❡r❡❞ ❛s ♦❢ ♦❧❞✱ ✇❤❛t ✐♥❞❡❡❞ ♥♦✈✐❝❡s ❬✇✐❧❧ ❞✐s❝♦✈❡r❪❄
✷✳ ■♥ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ✐t ❬Indra ❤❛s ❞♦♥❡❪ ✇❤❛t ✐s r❡❛❧✱
✐♥ ❞r✐♥❦✐♥❣ ♦❢ ✐t ❬Indra ❤❛s ❞♦♥❡❪ ✇❤❛t ✐s r❡❛❧✱
✐♥ ❤✐s ♣❛rt♥❡rs❤✐♣ ✇✐t❤ ✐t Indra ❤❛s ❞♦♥❡ ✇❤❛t ✐s r❡❛❧✳
❖r ❞❡❧✐❣❤ts ✇❤✐❝❤ ❬❛r❡❪ ✐♥ ❛ s✐tt✐♥❣ ✖ t❤♦s❡ ❬✇♦rs❤✐♣❡rs❪ ♦❢ ✐t
❤❛✈❡ ❞✐s❝♦✈❡r❡❞ ❛s ♦❢ ♦❧❞ ✇❤❛t ✐s r❡❛❧✱
♥♦✈✐❝❡s ❬t♦♦❪ ❬✇✐❧❧ ❞✐s❝♦✈❡r❪ ✇❤❛t ✐s r❡❛❧✳
✸✳ ❙✐♥❝❡ ❡✈❡♥ ✉♣ t♦ ♥♦✇ ✇❡ ❤❛✈❡ ❡①♣❡r✐❡♥❝❡❞ ♥❡✐t❤❡r ❣❡♥❡r♦s✐t②✱
❖ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡✱ ❡q✉❛❧ t♦ t❤② ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ✐♥❝r❡❛s❡✲✐♥✲s✐③❡✱
♥♦r ❬♠❛t❝❤✐♥❣❪ ❡✈❡r② ♣r❡s❡♥t✲❞❛② s❛t✐s❢❛❝t✐♦♥
♦❢ ❬t❤②❪ ❞❡s✐r❡ ❬❢♦r Soma❪✱
♥♦❜♦❞② ❤❛s s❡❡♥ t❤② ♣♦✇❡r ♦✈❡r ❛✛❡❝t✐♦♥s✱ ❖ Indra✦
✷
✹✳ ❚❤❛t s❛♠❡ t❤② ♣♦✇❡r ♦✈❡r ❛✛❡❝t✐♦♥s ✱ ✇✐t❤ ✇❤✐❝❤
t❤♦✉ ✈❛♥q✉✐s❤❡❞ r❡♠♥❛♥ts ♦❢ Varaśikha✬s ❬tr♦♦♣❪✱ ✇❛s ♥♦t✐❝❡❞
✇❤❡♥ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ♠❡r❡ r♦❛r✐♥❣ s♦✉♥❞ ♦❢ t❤② ❤✉r❧❡❞ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✱
❖ Indra✱
t❤❡ ♠♦st ♣r♦♠✐♥❡♥t ❬♦❢ t❤❡♠❪ ❜r♦❦❡ ❬❤✐s r❡s♦❧✈❡ t♦ ✜❣❤t❪✳
✺✳ ❇❡✐♥❣ ❡❛❣❡r t♦ ❤❡❧♣ Abhyāvartin Cāyamāna✱
Indra ✈❛♥q✉✐s❤❡❞ r❡♠♥❛♥ts ♦❢ Varaśikha✬s ❬tr♦♦♣❪✳
❲❤❡♥ ❛t Hariyūpı̄yā ❤❡ ✇❡r❡ t♦ str✐❦❡ Vr.cı̄vat✲s
❛t t❤❡ ❢r♦♥t s✐❞❡ ❬♦❢ t❤❡ ❢♦r♠❛t✐♦♥❪
t❤❡ r❡❛r ❬s✐❞❡❪ s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ ❜r♦❦❡ ❬❢♦r♠❛t✐♦♥❪ ♦✉t ♦❢ ❢❡❛r✳
✻✳ ❆❧❧ t♦❣❡t❤❡r✱ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ❛♥❞ t❤✐rt② ❝❧❛❞ ✐♥ ❛r♠♦✉r ❬✇❛rr✐♦rs❪✱
❖ Indra✱ ❛t Yavyāvatı̄✱ ❖ ♠✉❝❤ ✐♥✈♦❦❡❞ ♦♥❡✱
Vr.cı̄vat✲s✱ q✉✐❝❦❧② ❬❜❡❝❛♠❡❪ ✏✜t ❢♦r ❛♥ ❛rr♦✇✑ ✸ ✱
❜r❡❛❦✐♥❣ ❞❡❢❡♥s✐✈❡ ❢♦r♠❛t✐♦♥s✱ t❤❡② ❜❡❝❛♠❡ ✉s❡❧❡ss✳

✶ t❤❛t ✐s✱ ♦❢ Soma

✷ ✐♥ t❤✐s ❝❛s❡✱ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r ♦✈❡r ❛✛❡❝t✐♦♥s ♦❢ ♦♣♣♦s✐♥❣ ♠❡♥
✸ t❤❛t ✐s✱ ❜❡❝♦♠✐♥❣ ✈✉❧♥❡r❛❜❧❡ t♦ ❛rr♦✇s
✼✶✷

yásya gā´vāvarus.ā´ sūyavasyū´

antárū .sú cárato rérihān.ā |
sá sŕ.ñjayāya turváśam. párādād
vr.c´ı̄vato daivavātā´ya śı́ks.an || 7 ||

dvayā´m̃ . agne rathı́no vim . gā´

. śatı́m
´
vadhūmato maghávā máhyam . samrā´.t |
´
abhyāvartı̄ cāyamānó dadāti
dūn.ā´śeyám
. dáks.in.ā pārthavā´nām || 8 ||
 ✼✶✸

✼✳ ❲❤♦s❡ t✇♦ t❡♠♣❡r❡❞ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ ❣♦♦❞ ♣❛st✉r❡ ♦①❡♥✱

r❡♣❡❛t❡❞❧② ❝❛r❡ss✐♥❣ ❡❛❝❤ ♦t❤❡r✱ r♦❛♠ ✐♥s✐❞❡✱
❤❡✱ ❡❛❣❡r t♦ ❤❡❧♣ Daivavāta✱ ❤❛s ❣✐✈❡♥ ❛✇❛②
Turvaśa ❬❛♥❞❪ Vr.cı̄vat✲s t♦ Sr.ñjaya✳
✽✳ ❋✐❣❤t✐♥❣ ✐♥✲♣❛✐rs✲❢r♦♠✲❛✲❝❤❛r✐♦t ✇❛rr✐♦rs✱
t✇❡♥t② ❝♦✇s ❢r♦♠ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ❤❛s ❛ ②♦✉♥❣ ✇✐❢❡✱
t❤❡ ❥♦✐♥t r✉❧❡r✱ Abhyāvartin Cāyamāna✱ ❣✐✈❡s t♦ ♠❡❀
❞✐✣❝✉❧t t♦ ❛tt❛✐♥ ❬✐s❪ t❤✐s s❛❝r✐✜❝✐❛❧ r❡✇❛r❞ ♦❢ Pārthava✲s✳
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✻✳✷✽

Bharadvāja Barhaspatya | ✶✱ ✺✕✼ Tris..tubh✱ ✷✕✹ Jagatı̄✱ ✽ Anus..tubh

| t♦ Indra

ā´ gā´vo agmannutá bhadrámakran

s´ı̄dantu gos..thé ran.áyantvasmé |
prajā´vatı̄h. pururū´pā ihá syur
ı́ndrāya pūrv´ı̄rus.áso dúhānāh. || 1 ||

ı́ndro yájvane pr.n.até ca śiks.atyúpéd

. mus.āyati |
dadāti ná svám
bhū´yobhūyo rayı́mı́dasya vardháyannábhinne khilyé
nı́ dadhāti devayúm || 2 ||

ná tā´ naśanti ná dabhāti táskaro

nā´sāmāmitró vyáthirā´ dadhars.ati |
devā´m̃. śca yā´bhiryájate dádāti ca
jyógı́ttā´bhih. sacate gópatih. sahá || 3 ||

ná tā´ árvā ren.úkakāt.o aśnute

ná sam . skr.tatrámúpa yanti tā´ abhı́ |
urugāyámábhayam . tásya tā´
ánu gā´vo mártasya vı́ caranti yájvanah. || 4 ||

gā´vo bhágo gā´va ı́ndro me achān

gā´vah. sómasya prathamásya bhaks.áh. |
imā´ yā´ gā´vah. sá janāsa ı́ndra
ichā´m´ı̄ddhr.dā´ mánasā cidı́ndram || 5 ||

yūyám . gāvo medayathā kr.śám . cid

. citkr.n.uthā suprátı̄kam |
aśrı̄rám
bhadrám . gr.hám. kr.n.utha bhadravāco
br.hádvo váya ucyate sabhā´su || 6 ||
 ✼✶✺

✶✳ ❈♦✇s ❝❛♠❡ ❛♥❞ ♠❛❞❡ ❬t❤✐s ❤♦✉s❡❪ ♣r♦s♣❡r♦✉s✱

❧❡t t❤❡♠ s❡tt❧❡ ✐♥ t❤❡ ❝♦✇✲♣❡♥✱ ♠❛② t❤❡② ❜❡ ❛t ❡❛s❡ ✇✐t❤ ✉s✳
❍❡r❡ t❤❡②✱ ♦❢ ♠❛♥② s❤❛♣❡s✱ ❝❛♥ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ♣r❡❣♥❛♥t✱
②✐❡❧❞✐♥❣ ♠✐❧❦ ❢♦r Indra ❢♦r ♠❛♥② ❞❛✇♥s✳
✷✳ Indra ✐s ❡❛❣❡r t♦ ❤❡❧♣ t♦ ♠❛❦✐♥❣ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣s ❛♥❞ s❛t✐♥❣ ❬❤✐♠❪ ❬♠❛♥❪✱
❤❡ ❣✐✈❡s ❡①tr❛✱ ❤❡ ❞♦❡s ♥♦t r♦❜ ✇❤❛t ✐s ❤✐s✳
▼❛❦✐♥❣ ❥✉st ❤✐s tr❡❛s✉r❡ ♠♦r❡ ❛♥❞ ♠♦r❡ ✐♥❝r❡❛s❡❞✱
❤❡ s❡ts ✉♣ deva✲s❡❡❦✐♥❣ ❬♠❛♥❪
✐♥ ✉♥❞✐✈✐❞❡❞ ✉♥❝✉❧t✐✈❛t❡❞ ♣✐❡❝❡ ♦❢ ❧❛♥❞✳
✸✳ ❚❤❡② ✇✐❧❧ ♥♦t ❣❡t ❧♦st s♦ ❛ t❤✐❡❢ ✇♦✉❧❞ ♥♦t ❞❡❝❡✐✈❡ ✱
✶
✐♥✐♠✐❝❛❧ ♦♥❡ ✇✐❧❧ ♥♦t ❛tt❛❝❦ ✉♥♦❜s❡r✈❡❞ ❜② t❤❡♠✳
❆♥❞ t❤♦s❡ ❬❝♦✇s❪
✇✐t❤ ✇❤✐❝❤ ❤❡ ♠❛❦❡s ✜r❡ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣s t♦ deva✲s ❛♥❞ ❣✐✈❡s✱
✇✐t❤ t❤♦s❡ ❤❡✱ ❛s ♠❛st❡r ♦❢ ❝♦✇s ✱ ✷
✇✐❧❧ ❛ss♦❝✐❛t❡ ❤✐♠s❡❧❢ ❢♦r ❛ ❧♦♥❣ t✐♠❡✳
✹✳ ❲❤✐r❧✐♥❣ ✉♣ ❞✉st ❝♦✉rs❡r ✇✐❧❧ ♥♦t ❣❛✐♥ t❤❡♠✱
t❤❡② ✇✐❧❧ ♥♦t ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤
t❤❡ ♣❧❛❝❡ ❢♦r s❛❝r✐✜❝✐♥❣ ❛♥✐♠❛❧s ❬t♦ ❜❡ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡❞❪✱
t❤❡② s❡❡❦ ✇✐❞❡ s♣❛❝❡ ✇✐t❤♦✉t ❢❡❛r ♦❢ t❤❛t ❬♣❧❛❝❡❪✳
❈♦✇s ♦❢ ❛ ♠♦rt❛❧ ✇❤♦ ✐s ❛♥ ♦✛❡r❡r r♦❛♠ ❛r♦✉♥❞✳
✺✳ ❋♦rt✉♥❡ ❬❛♣♣❡❛rs t♦ ♠❡❪ ❛s ❝♦✇s✱ Indra ❛♣♣❡❛rs t♦ ♠❡ ❛s ❝♦✇s ❀ ✸
❝♦✇s ✐s ✇❤❛t ♣❛rt❛❦❡s ♦❢ t❤❡ ♣r✐♠❛r② Soma❀
❬❛s❪ t❤❡s❡ ✇❤✐❝❤ ❬❛r❡❪ ❝♦✇s ✱ ❤❡✱ ❖ ♣❡♦♣❧❡✱ Indra ❬❛♣♣❡❛rs t♦ ♠❡❪❀
✹
✇✐t❤ ♠② ❤❡❛rt ❛♥❞ ♠✐♥❞ ■ ♦♥❧② s❡❡❦ Indra✳
✻✳ ❨❡✱ ❝♦✇s✱ ♠❛❦❡ ❡✈❡♥ t❤✐♥ ❬♠❛♥❪ t♦ ❣r♦✇ ❢❛t✱
❡✈❡♥ ❤❛❣❣❛r❞ ♦♥❡ t♦ ❤❛✈❡ ♣❧❡❛s❛♥t ❛♣♣❡❛r❛♥❝❡✳
❨❡ ♠❛❦❡ ❛ ❤♦✉s❡ ❜❧❡ss❡❞✱ ❖ ♠❛❦✐♥❣ s♣❡❡❝❤ ❛✉s♣✐❝✐♦✉s ♦♥❡s✦
✺
❚❤❡ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❛♥❞✴♦r ❜♦❞✐❧② ❡♥❡r❣② ❬②♦✉ ❣✐✈❡❪ ✐♥ ❛ss❡♠❜❧✐❡s
✐s s❛✐❞ t♦ ❜❡ ✈❛st✳
✖✖

✶ ❜② ❝❧❛✐♠✐♥❣ t❤❡② ✇❡r❡ ❢r❡❡✲r❛♥❣✐♥❣

✷ ✏❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s✑
✸ ✏❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s✑
✹ ✏❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s✑
✺ ✏❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s✑
✼✶✻

prajā´vatı̄h. sūyávasam
. riśántı̄h.
śuddhā´ apáh. suprapān.é pı́bantı̄h. |
mā´ va stená ı̄śata mā´gháśam. sah.
pári vo het´ı̄ rudrásya vr.jyāh. || 7 ||

úpedámupapárcanamāsú gós.ū´pa pr.cyatām |

úpa .r.sabhásya rétasyúpendra táva vı̄ryè || 8 ||
 ✼✶✼

✼✳ Pr❡❣♥❛♥t✱ ♣❧✉❝❦✐♥❣ ❣♦♦❞ ❣r❛ss✱

❞r✐♥❦✐♥❣ ❛t ❛ ❣♦♦❞ ❞r✐♥❦✐♥❣✲♣❧❛❝❡ ❝❧❡❛♥ ✇❛t❡r ✖
♠❛② ♥♦t ❛ t❤✐❡❢✱ ♠❛② ♥♦t ♠❛❧❡✈♦❧❡♥t ♦♥❡ ♣♦ss❡ss ②♦✉ ✦
✻
▲❡t Rudra✬s ♠✐ss✐❧❡ ♠✐ss ②♦✉✦
✽✳ ❆t t❤❡ t✐♠❡ ♦❢ t❤✐s ❝♦✐t✐♦♥✱
♠❛② ✐t ❜❡ ♠✐♥❣❧❡❞ ✐♥t♦ t❤❡s❡ ❝♦✇s
✼
✐♥ ❛❞❞✐t✐♦♥ t♦ t❤❡ s♣❡r♠ ♦❢ ✐♠♣r❡❣♥❛t✐♥❣ ❜✉❧❧
❛♥❞ t❤② ✈❛❧♦r✱ ❖ Indra✦

❚❤✐s ❤②♠♥ ♠❛❦❡s ❛ ♣❧❛② ✉♣♦♥ t❤❡ ✇♦r❞ go ✇❤✐❝❤ ♠✐❣❤t ♠❡❛♥ ❜♦t❤
❛ ❝♦✇ ❛♥❞ ❛♥ ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥✳

✻ ❝♦✇s
✼ t❤❡ s♣❡❧❧ ♦❢ ✈❡rs❡s ✼ ❛♥❞ ✽
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✻✳✷✾

Bharadvāja Barhaspatya | Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra

. vo nárah. sakhyā´ya sepur

ı́ndram
mahó yántah. sumatáye cakānā´h. |
mahó hı́ dātā´ vájrahasto ásti
mahā´mu ran.vámávase yajadhvam || 1 ||

ā´ yásminháste náryā mimiks.úr

ā´ ráthe hiran.yáye rathes..thā´h. |
ā´ raśmáyo gábhastyo sthūráyor
ā´dhvannáśvāso vŕ..san.o yujānā´h. || 2 ||

śriyé te pā´dā dúva ā´ mimiks.ur

dhr..sn.úrvajr´ı̄ śávasā dáks.in.āvān |
vásāno átkam . surabhı́m . dr.śé
kám. svàrn.á nr.tavis.iró babhūtha || 3 ||

sá sóma ā´miślatamah. sutó bhūd

yásminpaktı́h. pacyáte sánti dhānā´h. |
ı́ndram. nára stuvánto brahmakārā´
ukthā´ śám
. santo devávātatamāh. || 4 ||

ná te ántah. śávaso dhāyyasyá

vı́ tú bābadhe ródası̄ mahitvā´ |
ā´ tā´ sūrı́h. pr.n.ati tū´tujāno
yūthévāpsú sam´ı̄jamāna ūt´ı̄ || 5 ||

evédı́ndrah. suháva .r.svó astūt´ı̄

ánūtı̄ hiriśipráh. sátvā |
evā´ hı́ jātó ásamātyojāh.
purū´ ca vr.trā´ hanati nı́ dásyūn || 6 ||
 ✼✶✾

✶✳ ❨♦✉r ♠❡♥ ❤❛✈❡ s♦✉❣❤t ❛❢t❡r Indra

❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s❤✐♣ ❬✇✐t❤ ❤✐♠❪❀
str✐✈✐♥❣ ❛❢t❡r ❛♥ ❡✛❡❝t✐✈❡ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❣❡st✉r❡
❬t❤❡② ❛r❡❪ ♠♦✈✐♥❣ s✇✐❢t❧②✳
❙✐♥❝❡ ❤❡ ✇❤♦ ❤❛s t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t ✐♥ ❬❤✐s❪ ❤❛♥❞s
✐s ❛ ❣✐✈❡r ♦❢ ✈❛st ❬tr❡❛s✉r❡❪✱
❞♦ ♠❛❦❡ ✜r❡ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣s t♦ t❤❡ ♠✐❣❤t② ❞❡❧✐❣❤t❢✉❧ ♦♥❡
❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ ❬❤✐s❪ ❤❡❧♣✳
✷✳ ■♥ ✇❤✐❝❤ ❤❛♥❞ ♠❛♥❧② ❬♣♦✇❡rs❪ ❤❛✈❡ ❜❡❡♥ ✜r♠❧② ✜①❡❞✱
❬t❤❛t❪ st❛❞✐♥❣✲♦♥✲❛✲❝❤❛r✐♦t ✇❛rr✐♦r ✐s ♦♥ ❡♥❝❤❛♥t✐♥❣ ❝❤❛r✐♦t✳
■♥ ❬✇❤✐❝❤❪ str♦♥❣ ❛r♠s ❬❛r❡❪ t❤❡ r❡✐♥s✱
t❤❡ ❤♦rs❡s ♦❢ ❬t❤❛t❪ ❜✉❧❧ ❛r❡ ❡♥tr✉st❡❞ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ r♦❛❞✳
✸✳ ❋♦r ❛✉s♣✐❝✐♦✉s♥❡ss t❤❡②✱ ✇❤♦ ❛r❡ r❡❛❞② ❢♦r ❛❝t✐♦♥✱
❛r❡ ❛t t❤② ❢❡❡t✳
❚❤❡ ❞❛r✐♥❣ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲✇✐❡❧❞❡r ❛❜♦✉♥❞s ✐♥ s❛❝r✐✜❝✐❛❧ r❡✇❛r❞s
t❤r♦✉❣❤ ❬❤✐s❪ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✳
❲❡❛r✐♥❣ ❡♥❢♦❧❞✐♥❣ ❛r♠♦✉r ✐♥ ♦r❞❡r t♦ ❜❡ ♣❡r❝❡✐✈❡❞ ✖
t❤♦✉✱ ✐♥st✐❣❛t✐♥❣✱ ❜❡❝❛♠❡ ❛s svàr✱ ❖ ❞❛♥❝❡r✦
✹✳ ❚❤❛t Soma✱ ♠♦st ♠✐①❡❞ ♦♥❡✱ s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞
✐♥ ✇❤♦♠ t❤❡ r✐♣❡♥✐♥❣ ♠❛t✉r❡s
❬✐♥ ✇❤♦♠❪ t❤❡r❡ ❛r❡ ❬♣❛r❝❤❡❞❪ ❣r❛✐♥s✳
❊①t♦❧❧✐♥❣ Indra ♠❡♥✱ ✐♠♣❧❡♠❡♥t✐♥❣ ❛ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥✱
r❡❝✐t✐♥❣ ✈❡rs❡s✱ ❬❛r❡❪ ♠♦st ❞❡s✐r❡❞ ❜② deva✲s✳
✺✳ ❋♦r t❤❡❡ ♥♦ ❧✐♠✐t t♦ ❤✐s ♣♦✇❡r✲t♦✲❝❤❛♥❣❡ ✐s s❡t✱
✶
❛s✉♥❞❡r ✭♣r❛②✦✮ ❤❡✱ ❡①❛❧t✐♥❣✱ ❞r✐✈❡s t✇♦ Rodas✲❡s✳
■♥st✐t✉t♦r ♦❢ t❤❡ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡ ✇❤♦ ❦❡❡♣s ✉r❣✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡❡❪
✜❧❧s ✉♣ t❤♦s❡ ❬tr♦♦♣s❪
✉s✐♥❣ ❬❤✐s❪ ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❤❡❧♣✐♥❣ ❬✐t❪✱ ❞r✐✈✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡♠❪ t♦❣❡t❤❡r
❧✐❦❡ ❤❡r❞s ✐♥t♦ ✇❛t❡rs✳
✻✳ ▼❛② ♦♥❧② Indra ❜❡ ❡❛s② t♦ s✉♠♠♦♥✱ ❜❡ ❤❡❧♣✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❞✐r❡ str❛✐❣❤ts
t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ❬❤✐s❪ ♥❡❡❞✐♥❣✲♥♦✲❤❡❧♣ ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❤❡❧♣✐♥❣ ✖
❬❤❡✱❪ ❛ ✜❣❤t❡r ✇✐t❤ ❣♦❧❞❡♥ ❧✐♣s✳
❙✐♥❝❡ ♦♥❧② ❬❤❡ ✇❛s❪ ❜♦r♥ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ✉♥♣❛r❛❧❧❡❧❡❞ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱
❤❡ ❛ss❛✐❧s ♠❛♥② ♦❜st❛❝❧❡s ❛♥❞ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡s t♦ s✉✛❡r ✇❛♥t✳

✶ ❛♥ ❛❞❡♣t ♦❢ Indra✲❝r❛❢t
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✻✳✸✵

Bharadvāja Barhaspatya | Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra

bhū´ya ı́dvāvr.dhe vı̄ryā`yam̃

. éko
ajuryó dayate vásūni |
prá ririce divá ı́ndrah. pr.thivyā´
ardhámı́dasya práti ródası̄ ubhé || 1 ||

ádhā manye br.hádasuryàmasya

yā´ni dādhā´ra nákirā´ mināti |
divédive sū´ryo darśató bhūd
vı́ sádmānyurviyā´ sukráturdhāt || 2 ||

adyā´ cinnū´ cittádápo nad´ı̄nām .

yádābhyo árado gātúmindra |
nı́ párvatā admasádo ná sedus
tváyā dr...dhā´ni sukrato rájām
. si || 3 ||

satyámı́ttánná tvā´vām̃
. anyó ast´ı̄ndra
devó ná mártyo jyā´yān |
′
áhannáhim . pariśáyānamárn.ó vāsr.jo
apó áchā samudrám || 4 ||

tvámapó vı́ dúro vı́s.ūcı̄r

ı́ndra dr...dhámarujah. párvatasya |
rā´jābhavo jágataścars.an.ı̄nā´m
.
sākám . sū´ryam
. janáyandyā´mus.ā´sam || 5 ||
 ✼✷✶

✶✳ ❍❡ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥❡❞ ❤✐♠s❡❧❢ ❡✈❡♥ ♠♦r❡ ❢♦r ❛ ❞❡❡❞ ♦❢ ✈❛❧♦r✱

❤❡ ❛❧♦♥❡ ✇❤♦ ✐s ♥♦t s✉❜❥❡❝t t♦ ♦❧❞ ❛❣❡ ❛❧❧♦ts ❜❡♥❡✜ts✳
Indra ❤❛s s✉r♣❛ss❡❞ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ❬❛♥❞❪ t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤✱
❜♦t❤ Rodas✲❡s ❬❛r❡❪ ❥✉st ❤❛❧❢ ♦❢ ❤✐♠ ✐♥ ❝♦♠♣❛r✐s♦♥✳
✷✳ ❚❤❡r❡❢♦r❡ ■ ✐♠❛❣✐♥❡ ❤✐s ❡①t❡♥❞❡❞ ❣✉✐❞❛♥❝❡ ✖
✇❤❛t ❤❡ s✉♣♣♦rts✱ ♥♦♥❡ ❝✉rt❛✐❧s✳
❊✈❡r② ❞❛② t❤❡ s✉♥ s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡ ♣❡r❝❡✐✈❡❞✱
✶
❛ s❦✐❧❧❢✉❧ ❬❛❞❡♣t❪ s❤❛❧❧ s♣r❡❛❞ t❤❡ s❡❛ts ❬♦❢ Soma❪
❢❛r ♦✛ ❬❢r♦♠ ❡❛❝❤ ♦t❤❡r❪✳
✸✳ ❙✐♥❝❡ t❤♦✉✱ Indra✱ ❞✉❣ ♦✉t ❛♥ ✉♥✐♠♣❡❞❡❞ ♣❛t❤✇❛② ❢♦r t❤❡♠✱
t♦❞❛② ❛♥❞ ❢♦rt❤✇✐t❤ t❤✐s ✇♦r❦ ❬✐s t♦ ❜❡ ❞♦♥❡ ❜②❪ ✢♦✇✐♥❣ ✇❛t❡rs✳
❑♥♦tt② ♦♥❡s s❡tt❧❡❞ ❞♦✇♥ ❛s ✐❢ s❡❛t❡❞ ❛t ❛ ♠❡❛❧✱
❜② t❤❡❡✱ ❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❣♦♦❞ ❞❡s✐❣♥s ♦♥❡✱
str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞s ❬✇❡r❡ t✉r♥❡❞ ✐♥t♦❪ ✈❛♣♦rs✳
✹✳ ❚❤❛t ✐s r❡❛❧❧② tr✉❡✱ t❤❛t t❤❡r❡ ✐s ♥♦ ♦t❤❡r deva ❧✐❦❡ t❤❡❡✱
❖ Indra✱ ♥♦r ❛ ♠♦rt❛❧ s✉♣❡r✐♦r ❬t♦ t❤❡❡❪✳
❚❤♦✉ s❧❛②❡❞ t❤❡ s♥❛❦❡ ❧②✐♥❣ ❛r♦✉♥❞ t❤❡ ✢♦♦❞✐♥❣ ✇❛t❡rs✱ ✷
t❤♦✉ s❡♥❞ t❤❡ ✇❛t❡r ♦✛ t♦✇❛r❞s t❤❡ s❡❛✳
✺✳ ❚❤♦✉ ❬❧❡t❪ t❤❡ ✇❛t❡rs ❬✢♦✇❪
t❤r♦✉❣❤ ♦♣❡♥✐♥❣✲t♦✲❛❧❧✲❞✐r❡❝t✐♦♥s ❞♦♦rs✱
t❤♦✉ s❤❛tt❡r❡❞ t❤❡ str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❦♥♦tt② ♦♥❡ ✳
✸
❚❤♦✉✱ s✐♠✉❧t❛♥❡♦✉s❧② ❡♥❣❡♥❞❡r✐♥❣
t❤❡ ❙✉♥✱ t❤❡ ❣❧♦✇✱ ❬❛♥❞❪ t❤❡ ❉❛✇♥✱
❜❡❝❛♠❡ ❛ ❝❤✐❡❢t❛✐♥ ♦❢ t❤♦s❡ ♦❢ ❛ ❧✐✈✐♥❣ ❜❡✐♥❣
t❤❛t ❞r❛✇ t♦ t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s ✳ ✹

✶ ❢✉❧❧✲♦❢✲❤❡❛t manipūra ❝❛❦r❛

.
✷ t❤❡ ❧✐♥❡ ✐s t❤❡ s❛♠❡ ❛s ✹✳✶✾✳✷❝
✸ ♣❤②s✐❝❛❧ ❜♦❞②
✹ t❤❡ s❡♥s❡s
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✻✳✸✶

Suhotra Bhāradvāja | ✶✕✸✱ ✺ Tris..tubh✱ ✹ Śakvarı̄ | t♦ Indra

ábhūréko rayipate rayı̄n.ā´m

ā´ hástayoradhithā indra kr..s.t´ı̄h. |
vı́ toké apsú tánaye ca sū´ré ′vocanta
cars.an.áyo vı́vācah. || 1 ||

tvádbhiyéndra pā´rthivāni vı́śvā´cyutā

ciccyāvayante rájām . si |
dyā´vāks.ā´mā párvatāso vánāni
. dr...dhám
vı́śvam . bhayate ájmannā´ te || 2 ||

tvám. kútsenābhı́ śús.n.amindrāśús.am

.
yudhya kúyavam . gávis..tau |
dáśa prapitvé ádha sū´ryasya
mus.āyáścakrámávive rápām . si || 3 ||

tvám . śatā´nyáva śámbarasya

púro jaghanthāprat´ı̄ni dásyoh. |
áśiks.o yátra śácyā śacı̄vo
dı́vodāsāya sunvaté sutakre
bharádvājāya gr.n.até vásūni || 4 ||

sá satyasatvanmahaté rán.āya

ráthamā´ tis..tha tuvinr.mn.a bhı̄mám |
yāhı́ prapathinnávasópa madrı́k
prá ca śruta śrāvaya cars.an.ı́bhyah. || 5 ||
 ✼✷✸

✶✳ ❚❤♦✉✱ ❖ ♦✈❡rs❡❡r ♦❢ t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡✱ ❤❛s ❜❡❝♦♠❡

♣r❡❡♠✐♥❡♥t ♦✈❡rs❡❡r ♦❢ tr❡❛s✉r❡s✱
t❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❤❛s ♣✉t t❤❡ tr✐❜❡s ✐♥t♦ ❬t❤②❪ t✇♦ ❤❛♥❞s✳
❚❤♦s❡ t❤❛t ❞r❛✇ t♦ t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s✱
❞✐s❛❣r❡❡✐♥❣ ❬✇✐t❤ ❡❛❝❤ ♦t❤❡r ✐♥ ❣❡♥❡r❛❧❪✱
❤❛✈❡ ❜❡❡♥ s♣❡❛❦✐♥❣ ❞✐✛❡r❡♥t❧② ✐♥ ♠❛tt❡rs ♦❢
♣r♦♣❛❣❛t✐♥❣ ❢❛♠✐❧② ❝❤✐❧❞r❡♥✱ ♦❢ ❬✐♥♥❡r❪ ✇❛t❡rs✱
♦❢ t❤❛t ✇❤✐❝❤ ✈✐✈✐✜❡s✳
✷✳ ❚❤r♦✉❣❤ ❢❡❛r ♦❢ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❛❧❧ ❡❛rt❤❧② r❡❣✐♦♥s✱
❡✈❡♥ ✉♥s❤❛❦❛❜❧❡ ♦♥❡s✱ ♠❛❦❡ t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s ❛❣✐t❛t❡❞✳
❍❡❛✈❡♥ ❛♥❞ ❊❛rt❤✱ ❦♥♦tt② ♦♥❡s✱ t❤❡ ❞❡s✐r❡s ✖
❡✈❡r② str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞ ✐s ❛❢r❛✐❞ ❛t ❤✐s ♣❛ss❛❣❡✳
✸✳ ❉✉r✐♥❣ ❛ ❢♦r❛② ❢♦r ❝♦✇s✱ ❞♦ ✜❣❤t t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ Kutsa✱ ❖ Indra✱
❛❣❛✐♥st ✉♥❛❜❛t✐♥❣ Śus.n.a✱ ❬✇❤♦ ✐s❪ ❝❛✉s✐♥❣ ❧❛❝❦ ♦❢ ❜❛r❧❡②✳
❚❤❡♥ ❛t t❤❡ st❛rt ♦❢ t❤❡ ❞❛② t❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ st❡❛❧ t❡♥ ❬❤♦rs❡s ❪
✶
❬❛♥❞❪ t❤❡ ✇❤❡❡❧ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❙✉♥ ✖
✷
❬s✐♥❝❡ ✐♥ t❤❡ ♣❛st❪ t❤♦✉ t♦♦❦ ❝❛r❡ ♦❢ ❞❡❝❡❛s❡s ❬t❤✐s ✇❛②❪✳
✹✳ ❚❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ❬❞❡s♦❧❛t❡❞ ❪ str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞s ♦❢ Śambara✱
✸
r❡♠♦✈❡❞ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞s ✉♥♦♣♣♦s❡❞ ❬vr.tra✲s❪
♦❢ t❤❡ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡ t♦ s✉✛❡r ✇❛♥t✱
✇❤❡r❡✈❡r t❤♦✉ ✇❡r❡ ❡❛❣❡r t♦ ❤❡❧♣ ✇✐t❤ ❬t❤②❪ ❡♥❛❜❧✐♥❣ ♣♦✇❡r✱
❖ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② ❡♥❛❜❧✐♥❣ ♣♦✇❡rs ♦♥❡✱
t♦ ♣r❡ss✐♥❣ ❬Soma❪ Divodāsa✱
❖ ❜❡✐♥❣ ❜♦✉❣❤t ✇✐t❤ ♣r❡ss❡❞ ♦✉t ❬Soma❪ ♦♥❡✱
✹
❬♦r❪ t♦ ❡①t♦❧❧✐♥❣ ❬t❤②❪ ❜❡♥❡✜ts Bharadvāja✳
✺✳ ❇❡✐♥❣ s✉❝❤✱ ❖ tr✉❡ ✜❣❤t❡r✱ ❢♦r ❛ ❣r❡❛t ❜❛tt❧❡
❞♦ ♠♦✉♥t ❬t❤✐s❪ ❢❡❛rs♦♠❡ ❝❤❛r✐♦t✱
❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ♠✉❝❤ ❝♦✉r❛❣❡ ♦♥❡✱
❥♦✉r♥❡② t♦✇❛r❞s ♠❡ ✇✐t❤ ❬t❤②❪ ❛ss✐st❛♥❝❡✱
❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❛ ♣❛t❤ ❢♦r✇❛r❞✱
❛♥❞ ♠❛❦❡ ❬♠❡❪ t♦ ❛tt❡♥❞ t♦ t❤♦s❡ t❤❛t ❞r❛✇ t♦ t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s ✦✺
❖ ❜❡✐♥❣ ❧✐st❡♥❡❞ t♦✦

✶ ✢♦✇s t❤r♦✉❣❤ t❤❡ t❡♥ ♣❡t❛❧s ♦❢ manipūra ❝❛❦r❛

.
✷ ❝❡♥tr❛❧ ♣❛rt ♦❢ manipūra ❝❛❦r❛
.
✸ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✹✳✷✻✳✸❛❜
✹ ❢♦❧❧♦✇✐♥❣ ❬❏❛♠✐s♦♥ ❛♥❞ ❇r❡r❡t♦♥✱ ✷✵✶✹✱ ♣✳✽✶✻❪
✺ s❡♥s❡s
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✻✳✸✷

Suhotra Bhāradvāja | Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra

ápūrvyā purutámānyasmai
mahé vı̄rā´ya taváse turā´ya |
virapśı́ne vajrı́n.e śám
. tamāni
vácām
. syās ´
ā sthávirāya taks.am || 1 ||

sá mātárā sū´ryen.ā kavı̄nā´m

ávāsayadrujádádrim . gr.n.ānáh. |
svādh´ı̄bhirŕ.kvabhirvāvaśāná
údusrı́yān.āmasr.jannidā´nam || 2 ||

sá váhnibhirŕ.kvabhirgós.u śáśvan

mitájñubhih. purukŕ.tvā jigāya |
púrah. purohā´ sákhibhih. sakhı̄yán
dr...dhā´ ruroja kavı́bhih. kavı́h. sán || 3 ||

sá nı̄vyā`bhirjaritā´ramáchā
mahó vā´jebhirmahádbhiśca śús.maih. |
puruv´ı̄rābhirvr..sabha ks.itı̄nā´m
ā´ girvan.ah. suvitā´ya prá yāhi || 4 ||

sá sárgen.a śávasā taktó átyair

apá ı́ndro daks.in.atásturās.ā´.t |
itthā´ sr.jānā´ ánapāvr.dártham
.
divédive vivis.urapramr..syám || 5 ||
 ✼✷✺

✶✳ ■ ♣❡rs♦♥❛❧❧② ❢❛s❤✐♦♥❡❞ ♦r✐❣✐♥❛❧ ✶

❜❡st✲❛♠♦♥❣✲♠❛♥② ♠♦st ❛✉s♣✐❝✐♦✉s ✉tt❡r❛♥❝❡s
t♦ t❤✐s ♠✐❣❤t② ❤❡r♦✱ str♦♥❣ ❬❛♥❞❪ q✉✐❝❦ ❬❛♥❞❪ ❡♥❞✉r✐♥❣✱
t♦ t❤❡ ❡①✉❜❡r❛♥t t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲✇✐❡❧❞❡r✳
✖✖
✷✳ ❇❡✐♥❣ s✉❝❤✱ ✉s✐♥❣ t❤❡ s✉♥ ✷
❤❡ ♠❛❞❡ t❤❡ t✇♦ ♠♦t❤❡rs ♦❢ ♣♦❡ts s❤✐♥❡❀
✸
❜❡✐♥❣ ❡①t♦❧❧❡❞✱ ❤❡ s❤❛tt❡r❡❞ t❤❡ r♦❝❦✳
❚♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ❬t❤❡♠❪✱ ♣♦ss❡ss✐♥❣ ♦❢ ❣♦♦❞ ✐♥s✐❣❤t✱ r❡❝✐t✐♥❣ ✈❡rs❡s✱
❤❡✱ ❡❛❣❡r❧② ❞❡s✐r✐♥❣ ❬✐t❪✱ ❧❛✐❞ ❛s✐❞❡ t❤❡ t❡t❤❡r
♦❢ ❛♣♣❡❛r✐♥❣ ❛t ❞❛✇♥ ❬✇❛t❡rs❪✳
✸✳ ❇❡✐♥❣ s✉❝❤✱ ❤❡✱ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❧✐s❤✐♥❣ ♠✉❝❤✱
❤❛s t✐♠❡ ❛♥❞ ❛❣❛✐♥ ✇♦♥ ❬❝❧❛s❤❡s❪ ❬❡✈❡♥❪ ✇❤❡♥ ♠✐❞st ❝♦✇s✱
t♦❣❡t❤❡r r❡❝✐t✐♥❣ ✈❡rs❡s ❬❜✉t❪ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ✜r♠ ❦♥❡❡s ❝❛rr✐❡rs✳
❉❡str♦②❡r ♦❢ str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞s✱ ❤❡✱ ♠❛❦✐♥❣ ❤✐♠s❡❧❢ ❛ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥✱
t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s✱ ❤❛s ❜r♦❦❡♥ ♦♣❡♥ ✜r♠ str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞s❀
✇✐t❤ ♣♦❡ts ❤❡ ✐s ❛ ♣♦❡t✳
✹✳ ❇❡✐♥❣ s✉❝❤✱ s❡t ❢♦rt❤ t♦✇❛r❞s t❤❡ ✐♥✈♦❦❡r ✇✐t❤ s❦✐rts✭❄✮✱ q✉✐❝❦❧②✱
✇✐t❤ ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥t ❛♥❞ ❢✉❧❧✲♦❢✲s❡①✉❛❧✲❡♥❡r❣② r✉s❤❡s ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✦
❬❈♦♠❡❪ ❤❡r❡✱ ❖ r❡s❡♠❜❧✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❜✉❧❧ ♦❢ ❝❧❛♥s ♦♥❡✱
❢♦r ❛♥ ❡❛s② ♣❛ss❛❣❡ ✇✐t❤ t❤♦s❡ ✇❤♦ ❬❜r♦✉❣❤t❪ ♠❛♥② ❤❡r♦❡s✱
❖ ❧♦♥❣✐♥❣ ❢♦r ❛ s♦♥❣✦
✺✳ ❇❡✐♥❣ s✉❝❤✱ ❜② ❧❡tt✐♥❣ ❣♦✱
✉s✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡ ❬t❤❡ ❝♦✉rs❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ✇❛t❡rs❪✱
r✉s❤✐♥❣ ❛❧♦♥❣ ✇✐t❤ r❛♣✐❞ ❬❤❡❛rt ❜❡❛ts❪ ✱ ✹
Indra✱ ♣r❡✈❛✐❧✐♥❣ q✉✐❝❦❧②✱ ❬❧❡t❪ ✇❛t❡rs ❬❣♦❪ ♦♥ t❤❡ r✐❣❤t s✐❞❡ ✳ ✺
❇❡✐♥❣ ❡♠✐tt❡❞ ✐♥ t❤✐s ✇❛②✱ ❞❛②✲❛❢t❡r✲❞❛②✱ ✉♥r❡♠✐tt✐♥❣❧②✱
t❤❡② t♦♦❦ ❝❛r❡ ♦❢ ♥♦t✲t♦✲❜❡✲♥❡❣❧❡❝t❡❞ ❝♦♥❝❡r♥✳

❱❡rs❡ ✸ r❡❢❡rs t♦ ❝❛s❡s ✇❤❡♥ ❛♥ ❛❞❡♣t ♦❢ Indra✲❝r❛❢t✱ ❜❡✐♥❣ ❛ss✐st❡❞

❜② ♦♥❧② ♥♦♥✲✇❛rr✐♦rs✱ t❤♦s❡ t❛❦✐♥❣ ❝❛r❡ ♦❢ s✉♣♣❧✐❡s ❛♥❞ ❝❛♠♣✐♥❣✱
✇❛s ❛❜❧❡ t♦ ✇✐♥ ❛ ❝❧❛s❤ ✇✐t❤ r❛✐❞✐♥❣ ❡♥❡♠✐❡s✳

✶ ❧✐t✳ ✏❤❛✈✐♥❣ ♥♦t❤✐♥❣ ♣r❡❝❡❞✐♥❣ ✐t✑

✷ ❂ ✐♥t❡♥s❡ ❡♥❡r❣② ✐♥ manipūra ❝❛❦r❛
.
✸ ♣r♦❜✳ idā ❛♥❞ piṅgala
..
✹ ❧✐t✳ ✏✇✐t❤ st❡❡❞s✑
✺ t❤❡ ♣❡r❝❡✐✈❡❞ r✐❣❤t s✐❞❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❤❡❛❞ ✐s ✇❤❛t s✉♣♣♦rts s❡❧❢✲❞✐r❡❝t❡❞ ❛❝t✐✈✐t✐❡s
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✻✳✸✸

Śunahotra Bhāradvāja | Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra

yá ójis..tha indra tám

. sú no dā
mádo vr..sansvabhis..tı́rdā´svān |
sauvaśvyam
´ . yó vanávatsváśvo
vr.trā´ samátsu sāsáhadamı́trān || 1 ||

tvā´m
. h`ı̄ndrā´vase vı́vāco hávante
cars.an.áyah. śū´rasātau |
tvám. vı́prebhirvı́ pan.´ı̄m̃
. raśāyas
tvóta ı́tsánitā vā´jamárvā || 2 ||

tvám . tā´m̃
. indrobháyām̃ . amı́trān
dā´sā vr.trā´n.yā´ryā ca śūra |
vádhı̄rváneva súdhitebhirátkair
ā´ pr.tsú dars.i nr.n.ā´m. nr.tama || 3 ||

sá tvám. na indrā´kavābhirūt´ı̄

sákhā viśvā´yuravitā´ vr.dhé bhūh. |
svàrs.ātā yáddhváyāmasi tvā
yúdhyanto nemádhitā pr.tsú śūra || 4 ||

nūnám . na indrāparā´ya ca syā

bhávā mr...dı̄ká utá no abhı́s..tau |
itthā´ gr.n.ánto mahı́nasya śárman
divı́ .syāma pā´rye gos.átamāh. || 5 ||
 ✼✷✼

✶✳ ❲❤♦ ✐s t❤❡ ♠♦st ✜❡r❝❡✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❤✐♠

t❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ r✐❣❤t❧② ❣✐✈❡ t♦ ✉s✱
❬t❤♦✉✱❪ ❖ ❜✉❧❧✱ ❬❜❡✐♥❣❪ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t✐♥❣ ❤❡❧♣❢✉❧ ❞✐s♣♦s❡❞ t♦ ❣✐✈❡✱
❬❤✐♠❪ ✇❤♦✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❛♥ ❡①❝❡❧❧❡♥t ❤♦rs❡✱
✇♦✉❧❞ ♣❧❛❝❡ ❬t❤❡ ♣r✐③❡ ✐♥❪ ❛ ❤♦rs❡r❛❝❡ ✇✐t❤✐♥ ❬❤✐s❪ r❡❛❝❤✱
❬❤✐♠❪ ✇❤♦✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❛♥ ❡①❝❡❧❧❡♥t ❤♦rs❡✱ ✇♦✉❧❞ ✇✐♥ ❛ ❤♦rs❡✲r❛❝❡✱
❬✇❤♦❪ ✐♥ ❝❧❛s❤❡s ✇♦✉❧❞ ♦✈❡r❝♦♠❡ ♦❜st❛❝❧❡s ❬❛♥❞❪ ❤♦st✐❧❡s✳
✷✳ ❙✐♥❝❡ t❤♦s❡ t❤❛t ❞r❛✇ t♦ t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s ✱ ✶
❞✐s❛❣r❡❡✐♥❣ ❬✇✐t❤ ❡❛❝❤ ♦t❤❡r ✐♥ ❣❡♥❡r❛❧❪✱
❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Indra✱ t♦ ❤❡❧♣ ✐♥ ❣❛✐♥✐♥❣ ❛♥ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱
t❤♦✉✱ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ t❤♦s❡ ✐♥s♣✐r❡❞ ❬❜② t❤❡❡❪✱
s❤❛❧❧ ❢♦r❡❣♦ ♥✐❣❣❛r❞s❀
♦♥❧② ❤❡❧♣❡❞✲❜②✲t❤❡❡ st❡❡❞ ❬✐s❪ ♦❜t❛✐♥✐♥❣ t❤❡ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✳
✸✳ ❚❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❬✇✐❧❧ ♦✈❡r❝♦♠❡❪ ❤♦st✐❧❡s ♦❢ ❜♦t❤ t②♣❡s✱
t❤❡ ♦❜st❛❝❧❡s ✖
♦❢ s❛✈❛❣❡s ❛♥❞ t❤♦s❡ ♦❢ ❛ ❝♦♥❞✉❝t✐♥❣ ✉♣✇❛r❞s ♦♥❡ ✖
t❤♦✉✱ ❖ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱ s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ ✈❛♥q✉✐s❤❡❞ ❬t❤❡♠❪
❧✐❦❡ ❬t❤♦✉ ❞✐❞❪ ❞❡s✐r❡s❀
✇✐t❤ ✇❡❧❧ ♣❧❛❝❡❞ ❛r♠♦✉r✱ t❤♦✉ ✇✐❧❧ ❞✐s♣❡rs❡ ❬t❤❡♠❪ ✐♥ ❜❛tt❧❡s✱
❖ ♠♦st ♠❛♥❧② ♦❢ ♠❡♥✦
✹✳ ❙✉❝❤ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ ✇✐t❤ ♥♦t st✐♥❣② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❤❡❧♣✐♥❣✱
❖ ❧✐❦❡✲♠✐♥❞❡❞ ♦♥❡✱ t❤❡ ❛❧❧✲♣❡r✈❛❞✐♥❣ ❧✐❢❡✲❢♦r❝❡✱
s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❢❛✈♦✉r✐♥❣ ✉s t♦ ❜❡ str♦♥❣❡r
✐♥ ❣❛✐♥✐♥❣ svàr✱ ✇❤❡♥ ✐♥ ❜❛tt❧❡s✱
✇❡✱ ✜❣❤t✐♥❣ s❡♣❛r❛t❡❞ ❬❢r♦♠ ♦✉r ❝♦♠r❛❞❡s❪✱
❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✦
✺✳ ❚❤♦✉ ❝❛♥ ❜❡ ❬s✉❝❤❪ ❛t ♣r❡s❡♥t ❢♦r ✉s
❛♥❞ ❢♦r ②♦✉♥❣❡st ❬❣❡♥❡r❛t✐♦♥❪✳
❇❡❝♦♠❡ ❝♦♠♣❛ss✐♦♥❛t❡ ❛s ✇❡❧❧ ✐♥ ❛ss✐st✐♥❣ ✉s✦
❊①t♦❧❧✐♥❣ ❬❤✐♠ ❪ t❤✉s✱ ✉♥❞❡r t❤❡ ♣r♦t❡❝t✐♦♥ ♦❢ t❤❡ ♠✐❣❤t② ♦♥❡ ✱
✷ ✸
♦♥ ❛ ❞❡❝✐s✐✈❡ ❞❛② ✇❡ ❝❛♥ ❜❡ ❜❡st ❛t ❣❛✐♥✐♥❣ ❝♦✇s✳

✶ ❤❡r❡ ❂ ♦r❞✐♥❛r② ♠❡♥✱ ♥♦t✲❛❞❡♣ts ♦❢ Indra

✷ ❛❞❡♣t ♦❢ Indra
✸ Indra
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✻✳✸✹

Śunahotra Bhāradvāja | Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra

sám. ca tvé jagmúrgı́ra indra pūrv´ı̄r

vı́ ca tvádyanti vibhvò manı̄s.ā´h. |
purā´ nūnám
. ca stutáya .ŕ.sı̄n.ām
.
paspr.dhrá ı́ndre ádhyukthārkā´ || 1 ||

puruhūtó yáh. purugūrtá .ŕbhvām̃

.
ékah. purupraśastó ásti yajñáıh. |
rátho ná mahé śávase yujānò ′smā´bhir
ı́ndro anumā´dyo bhūt || 2 ||

ná yám . hı́m. santi dhı̄táyo ná vā´n.ı̄r

ı́ndram . náks. ant´ı̄dabhı́ vardháyantı̄h. |
yádi stotā´rah. śatám . yátsahásram .
gr.n.ánti gı́rvan.asam . tádasmai || 3 ||
. śám

ásmā etáddivyàrcéva māsā´

mimiks.á ı́ndre nyàyāmi sómah. |
jánam. ná dhánvannabhı́ sám . yádā´pah.
´ ´ . || 4 ||
satrā vāvr.dhurhávanāni yajñaıh

ásmā etánmáhyāṅgūs.ámasmā
ı́ndrāya stotrám. matı́bhiravāci |
ásadyáthā mahatı́ vr.tratū´rya
ı́ndro viśvā´yuravitā´ vr.dháśca || 5 ||
 ✼✷✾

✶✳ ■♥ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Indra✱ ♠❛♥② s♦♥❣s ❝♦♠❡ t♦❣❡t❤❡r✱

❢r♦♠ t❤❡❡✱ ❛❧❧✲♣❡r✈❛❞✐♥❣ ♦♥❡✱
r✐❣❤t ❝♦♥❝❡♣t✐♦♥s ❣♦ ✐♥ ❞✐✛❡r❡♥t ❞✐r❡❝t✐♦♥s✳
❆s ♦❢ ♦❧❞ ❛♥❞ ♥♦✇❛❞❛②s ♣r❛✐s❡s ♦❢ s❡❡rs✱
✈❡rs❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❤②♠♥s ♦❢ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t✐♦♥
❤❛✈❡ ❝♦♥t❡♥❞❡❞ ♦✈❡r Indra✳
✷✳ ❲❤♦ ✐s ♠✉❝❤ ✐♥✈♦❦❡❞✱ ✈❡r②✲✇❡❧❝♦♠❡❞✱ ♣r✉❞❡♥t✱
❬✇❤♦❪ ❛❧♦♥❡ ✐s ♠✉❝❤ ❝♦♠♠❡♥❞❡❞ ✇✐t❤ ✜r❡ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣s ✖
❤❛r♥❡ss❡❞ ✖ ❧✐❦❡ ❛ ❝❤❛r✐♦t ✖
❢♦r t❤❡ ❣r❡❛t ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡ ❬t❤❡ ❝♦✉rs❡ ♦❢ ❜❛tt❧❡❪✱
Indra s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡ ♣r❛✐s❡❞ ❜② ✉s ❛❣❛✐♥ ❛♥❞ ❛❣❛✐♥✳
✸✳ ❲❤♦♠ ♥❡✐t❤❡r ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥s ✇✐t❤ t❤❡✐r ❡✛❡❝ts✱
♥♦r ♠❡❧♦❞✐❡s ❤❛r♠ ✖
t❤❡② ❥✉st ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤ ❬❤✐♠✱❪ Indra✱ ♠❛❦✐♥❣ ❬❤✐♠❪ str♦♥❣❡r✳
■♥ ❝❛s❡ ✇❤❡♥ ♣r❛✐s❡rs ❡①t♦❧ ✐♥ ❛ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ❬✈❡rs❡s❪✱
✇❤❡♥ ✐♥ ❛ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞ ❬✈❡rs❡s❪
❧♦♥❣✐♥❣ ❢♦r ❛ ❝❤❛♥t ♦♥❡ ✖ t❤❛t ✐s ❢♦rt✉♥❛t❡ ❢♦r ❤✐♠✳
✹✳ ❚❤✐s ❢♦r ❤✐♠ ❬✐s ❧✐❦❡❪ t✇♦ ♠♦♦♥s s❤✐♥✐♥❣ ✐♥ t❤❡ s❦② ✖
♠✐①❡❞ Soma ❤❛s ❜❡❡♥ ♦✛❡r❡❞ t♦ Indra
❛s ✐❢ ✇❤❡♥ ✐♥ ❛ ❞❡s❡rt ✇❛t❡rs ❝♦♥❬✈❡r❣❡❪ ♦♥t♦ ❛ ♣❡rs♦♥❀
✶
t❤❡ ❝❤❛♥ts t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ✜r❡ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣s
❤❛✈❡ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥❡❞ t❤❡ s✉♠♠♦♥s✳
✺✳ ❋♦r ❤✐♠ t❤✐s ♠✐❣❤t② ❧♦✉❞ ❤②♠♥✱ ❢♦r ❤✐♠✱
❢♦r Indra✱ t❤❡ ♣r❛✐s❡ ✐s ✉tt❡r❡❞ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❣❡st✉r❡s✳
❚❤✐s ✇❛②✱ ❞✉r✐♥❣ ✈✐♦❧❡♥t ❤❛st❡♥✐♥❣ ♣❛st ♦❜st❛❝❧❡s ✱
✷
Indra s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡ t❤❡ ❛❧❧✲♣❡r✈❛❞✐♥❣ ❧✐❢❡✲❢♦r❝❡
❛♥❞ ❛ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥✐♥❣ ❤❡❧♣❡r✳

✶ ✢♦✇ ✐♥s✐❞❡ ❛s ✇❡❧❧ ❛s ♦♥t♦ t❤❡ s❦✐♥

✷ vrtra✲s
.
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✻✳✸✺

Nara Bhāradvāja | Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra

kadā´ bhuvanráthaks.ayān.i bráhma

kadā´ stotré sahasrapos.yàm . dāh. |
kadā´ stómam . vāsayo ′
sya rāyā´
kadā´ dhı́yah. karasi vā´jaratnāh. || 1 ||

kárhi svittádindra yánnŕ.bhirn.´r̄n

vı̄ráırvı̄rā´nnı̄..dáyāse jáyāj´ı̄n |
tridhā´tu gā´ ádhi jayāsi gós.vı́ndra
dyumnám . svàrvaddhehyasmé || 2 ||

kárhi svittádindra yájjaritré

viśvápsu bráhma kr.n.ávah. śavis..tha |
kadā´ dhı́yo ná niyúto yuvāse
kadā´ gómaghā hávanāni gachāh. || 3 ||
 ✼✸✶

✶✳ ❲❤❡♥ ✇✐❧❧ t❤♦s❡ ❬✉tt❡r❛♥❝❡s❪ t❤❛t r❡s✐❞❡ ✐♥ ❛ ❝❤❛r✐♦t ✶

❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❛ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥❄
❲❤❡♥ ✇✐❧❧ t❤♦✉ ❣✐✈❡ t♦ ❬t❤✐s❪ ♣r❛✐s❡r t❤❛t
✇❤✐❝❤ ✐s t♦ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞❢♦❧❞ ❛s ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥t❄
❲❤❡♥ ✇✐❧❧ t❤♦✉ ♠❛❦❡ ❛ ❤②♠♥ ♦❢ ♣r❛✐s❡ ❝❧♦t❤❡❞
✇✐t❤ t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡ ♦❢ t❤✐s ♦♥❡❄
❲❤❡♥ ✇✐❧❧ t❤♦✉ ♠❛❦❡ ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥s
r✐❝❤ ✇✐t❤ r✉s❤❡s ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r❄
✷✳ ❏✉st ✇❤❡♥ ✇✐❧❧ ✐t ❬❜❡❪✱ ❖ Indra✱
t❤❛t t❤♦✉ ✇♦✉❧❞ ❜r✐♥❣ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✐♥t♦ ❛ r✐♥❣
♠❡♥ ✇✐t❤ ♠❡♥✱ ❤❡r♦❡s ✇✐t❤ ❤❡r♦❡s❄ ❲✐♥ ✜❣❤t✐♥❣ ♠❛t❝❤❡s✦
❙✐♥❝❡ ✐♥ ❛❞❞✐t✐♦♥ t♦ ❝♦✇s t❤♦✉ ✇✐♥
✷
❝♦♥s✐st✐♥❣ ♦❢ t❤r❡❡ ❝♦♠♣♦♥❡♥ts ❬❤♦♥❡② ❪ ❬♣❧❛❝❡❞❪ ♠✐❞st ❝♦✇s ✱
✸ ✹
❖ Indra✱ ♣❧❛❝❡ ✐♥t♦ ✉s ♣♦ss❡ss✐♥❣ ♦❢ svàr ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t❡✦ ✺
✸✳ ❏✉st ✇❤❡♥ ✇✐❧❧ ✐t ❬❜❡❪ t❤❛t ❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ ❬t❤✐s❪ ✐♥✈♦❦❡r
t❤♦✉ ✇✐❧❧ ❝r❡❛t❡ ❛♣♣❛r❡♥t✲t♦✲❛❧❧ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥✱
❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♠♦st ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✦
❲❤❡♥ ✇✐❧❧ t❤♦✉ ❜✐♥❞ s❡r✐❡s ♦❢ ✇♦r❞s ❛s ✐❢ ❬t❤❡② ✇❡r❡❪ ✈✐s✐♦♥s❄
❲❤❡♥ ✇✐❧❧ t❤♦✉ ❣♦ t♦✇❛r❞s ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s✲✇✐t❤✲❝♦✇s s✉♠♠♦♥s❄ ✻
✖✖

✶ ♣♦ss❡ss❡❞ ❜② Indra ❜♦❞②

✷ ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s
✸ madhu ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✾✳✼✵✳✽❝✱ t❤❛t ✐s✱ Soma
✹ ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s
✺ t❤✐s ❧✐♥❡ ✐s t❤❡ s❛♠❡ ❛s ✻✳✶✾✳✾❞
✻ ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s
✼✸✷

sá gómaghā jaritré áśvaścandrā

vā´jaśravaso ádhi dhehi pŕ.ks.ah. |
pı̄pih´ı̄.sah. sudúghāmindra dhenúm .
bharádvājes.u surúco rurucyāh. || 4 ||

támā´ nūnám. vr.jánamanyáthā

cichū´ro yáchakra vı́ dúro gr.n.ı̄s.é |
mā´ nı́raram . śukradúghasya dhenór
āṅgirasā´nbráhman.ā vipra jinva || 5 ||
 ✼✸✸

✹✳ ❇❡✐♥❣ s✉❝❤✱ s❤❛r❡ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ✐♥✈♦❦❡r ♥♦✉r✐s❤♠❡♥ts

✼
❬t❤❛t ❛r❡❪ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s✲✇✐t❤✲❝♦✇s ✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣✲❜❡st✲❤♦rs❡s ✱
✽
❬t❤❛t ❛r❡❪ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❢❛♠❡❞ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✦
❖ Indra✱ ♠❛❦❡ ❧✐❜❛t✐♦♥s s✇❡❧❧ ❬❧✐❦❡❪ ②✐❡❧❞✐♥❣✲♠✉❝❤ ♠✐❧❝❤✲❝♦✇✦
❚❤♦✉ ❝♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ ♠❛❞❡ ❬t❤❡♠❪✱ s❤✐♥✐♥❣ ❜r✐❣❤t❧②✱
s❤✐♥❡ ✐♥ Bharadvāja✲s✾ ✳
✺✳ ❆t ♣r❡s❡♥t✱ ■ ✭❛♥ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡ ✐❢✱ ❖ ❡♠♣♦✇❡r✐♥❣ ♦♥❡✱
❬t❤❡ ✇❛t❡rs ✇✐❧❧ ✢♦✇❪ t❤r♦✉❣❤ ✏t❤❡ ❞♦♦rs✑✮
❡①t♦❧ ❤✐♠✱ ❬❛♥❞❪ ❛❧s♦✱ ✐♥ ❛ ❞✐✛❡r❡♥t ♠❛♥♥❡r✱ ❬t❤✐s❪ ❡♥❝❧♦s✉r❡✦
▼❛② ■ ♥♦t ❜❡ ❞❡♣r✐✈❡❞ ♦❢ ②✐❡❧❞✐♥❣ tr❛♥s❧✉❝❡♥t ❬❥✉✐❝❡❪ ❝♦✇
✶✵ ✦
❖ ✐♥✇❛r❞❧② ❡①❝✐t❡❞ ♦♥❡✱ ✐♠♣❡❧ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❛ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥
t❤♦s❡ r❡❧❛t❡❞ t♦ aṅgiras ❬❤♦rs❡s
✶✶ ❪✦

✼ ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s
✽ r❤②t❤♠s
✾ t❤❡ ❞r✐♥❦ ♦❢ Soma ✐s tr❛♥s❧✉❝❡♥t✱ ❛♣♣❡❛rs s❤✐♥✐♥❣ ✉♥❞❡r t❤❡ ❧✐❣❤t✱ ❜✉t ❛❢t❡r
❜❡✐♥❣ ❝♦♥s✉♠❡❞ ✐♥ t❤❡ st❛t❡ ♦❢ Indra✱ ✐t ❝❛✉s❡s ❛ ❝❤❛♥❣❡ ✐♥ ✈✐s✉❛❧ ♣❡r❝❡♣t✐♦♥
s♦ t❤❛t t❤✐♥❣s ❛♣♣❡❛r ❛s ✐❢ s❤✐♥✐♥❣ ♦r ❡✈❡♥ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❛ ❤❛❧♦ ❛r♦✉♥❞ ❝♦♥t♦✉rs
✶✵ Soma ♣❧❛♥t
✶✶ ❤❡r❡ ♣r♦❜✳ ❂ ✏♣✉❧s❡s ♦❢ ❜❧♦♦❞✑
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✻✳✸✻

Nara Bhāradvāja | Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra

satrā´ mádāsastáva viśvájanyāh.

satrā´ rā´yó ′dha yé pā´rthivāsah. |
satrā´ vā´jānāmabhavo vibhaktā´
yáddevés.u dhāráyathā asuryàm || 1 ||

ánu prá yeje jána ójo asya

satrā´ dadhire ánu vı̄ryā`ya |
syūmagŕ.bhe dúdhayé ′rvate ca
krátum . vr.ñjantyápi vr.trahátye || 2 ||

tám. sadhr´ı̄cı̄rūtáyo vŕ..sn.yāni

´ . syāni niyútah. saścurı́ndram |
paum
samudrám . ná sı́ndhava uktháśus.mā
uruvyácasam . gı́ra ā´ viśanti || 3 ||

sá rāyáskhā´múpa sr.jā gr.n.ānáh.

puruścandrásya tvámindra vásvah. |
pátirbabhūthā´samo jánānām
éko vı́śvasya bhúvanasya rā´jā || 4 ||

sá tú śrudhi śrútyā yó duvoyúr

dyaurná
´ bhū´mābhı́ rā´yo aryáh. |
áso yáthā nah. śávasā cakānó
yugéyuge váyasā cékitānah. || 5 ||
 ✼✸✺

✶✳ ❚❤② ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t✐♦♥s ❬❛r❡❪ ❛❧✇❛②s ❢♦r ❡✈❡r②❜♦❞②✱

t❤❡r❡❢♦r❡ r❡✇❛r❞s t❤❛t ❛r❡ ❡❛rt❤❧② ❬❛r❡❪ ❛❧✇❛②s ❬s✉❝❤❪✳
■❢ ♠✐❞st deva✲s t❤♦✉ ✇❡r❡ t♦ ♠❛✐♥t❛✐♥ ❬t❤②❪ ❣✉✐❞❛♥❝❡✱
t❤♦✉ ❛❧✇❛②s ❜❡❝❛♠❡ ❞✐str✐❜✉t♦r ♦❢ r✉s❤❡s ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✳
✷✳ ❇❡❢♦r❡ ❛♥❞ ❛❢t❡r ❢♦❧❦s ❤❛✈❡ ♠❛❞❡ ✜r❡ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣s t♦ ❤✐s ❢r❡♥③②✳
❚❤❡② ❛❧✇❛②s ②✐❡❧❞❡❞ t♦ ❬❤✐s❪ ✈❛❧♦r✱
❬❛s ✐❢❪ t♦ ♣✉❧❧✐♥❣✲t❤❡✲r❡✐♥s ✐♠♣❡t✉♦✉s ❝♦✉rs❡r❀
t♦ s❧❛② Vrtra✱ t❤❡② ❛❧s♦ ❜r✐♥❣ ✉♣ t❤❡ ✉♥❞❡rst❛♥❞✐♥❣✳
✶
✸✳ ▲❡❛❞✐♥❣ ✐♥. t❤❡ r✐❣❤t ❞✐r❡❝t✐♦♥ s✐❞❡✲❡✛❡❝ts✱ ♠❛♥❧② ♣♦✇❡rs✱
♠❛♥❧② str❡♥❣t❤s✱ t❡❛♠s ♦❢ ❤♦rs❡s ❤❛✈❡ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❤✐♠✱ Indra✳
❆s r✐✈❡rs ❬❡♥t❡r❪ t❤❡ s❡❛✱ ❝❤❛♥ts ✇✐t❤ ✈❡rs❡s t❤❛t ❤❛✈❡ ❢❡r✈♦r
❡♥t❡r ❡①t❡♥❞✐♥❣ ✇✐❞❡❧② ♦♥❡✳
✹✳ ❙✉❝❤ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❡①t♦❧❧❡❞✱ ❡♠✐t
t♦✇❛r❞s ❬t❤✐s❪ ✇❡❧❧ ♦❢ t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡
❬❛ str❡❛♠❪ ♦❢ ❜r✐❣❤t❧② r❛❞✐❛♥t ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧ ❬❣❧♦✇ ❪✳
✷
❚❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ❜❡❝❛♠❡ ✉♥❡q✉❛❧❡❞ ♠❛st❡r ♦❢ ♠❡♥✱
t❤❡ s♦❧❡ s♦✈❡r❡✐❣♥ ♦❢ ❛❧❧ ❢❛❝❡ts ♦❢ ❡①✐st❡♥❝❡✳
✺✳ ◆♦✇✱ s✉❝❤ t❤♦✉ ✖ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ t♦ r♦✉s❡ ✖
❞♦ ❧✐st❡♥ ✇✐t❤ ❬t❤②❪ ❡❛r✦
❆s t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ❬✐s❪ ♦✈❡r t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤✱ t❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡ ❬❤❡r❡❪
❣❡♥❡r❛t✐♦♥ ❛❢t❡r ❣❡♥❡r❛t✐♦♥
❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ r❡✇❛r❞s ♦❢ t❡♥❞✐♥❣ ✉♣✇❛r❞s ♦♥❡ ✖
t❤❡ s❛♠❡ ✇❛② ❬t❤♦✉ ✇❡r❡❪ ❢♦r ✉s ✖
❦❡❡♣✐♥❣ ✜♥❞✐♥❣ ❡♥❥♦②♠❡♥t t❤r♦✉❣❤ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱
❝♦♥s♣✐❝✉♦✉s t❤r♦✉❣❤ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❛♥❞✴♦r ❜♦❞✐❧② ✈✐❣♦✉r✳

✶ ❧✐t✳ ✏♣❧✉❝❦✱ ❣❛t❤❡r✑

✷ dyu
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✻✳✸✼

Bharadvāja Barhaspatya | Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra

arvā´grátham . viśvávāram
. ta ugréndra
yuktā´so hárayo vahantu |
kı̄rı́ściddhı́ tvā hávate svàrvān
.rdhı̄máhi sadhamā´daste adyá || 1 ||

pró drón.e hárayah. kármāgman

punānā´sa .ŕjyanto abhūvan |
ı́ndro no asyá pūrvyáh. papı̄yād
dyuks.ó mádasya somyásya rā´jā || 2 ||

āsasrān.ā´sah. śavasānámáchéndram
.
sucakré rathyā`so áśvāh. |
abhı́ śráva .ŕjyanto vaheyur
nū´ cinnú vāyóramŕ.tam . vı́ dasyet || 3 ||

váris..tho asya dáks.in.āmiyart´ı̄ndro

maghónām . tuvikūrmı́tamah. |
yáyā vajrivah. pariyā´syám. ho
maghā´ ca dhr..sn.o dáyase vı́ sūr´ı̄n || 4 ||

ı́ndro vā´jasya sthávirasya dāténdro

gı̄rbhı́rvardhatām . vr.ddhámahāh. |
ı́ndro vr.trám . hánis . .tho astu sátvā´
tā´ sūrı́h. pr.n.ati tū´tujānah. || 5 ||
 ✼✸✼

✶✳ ▼❛② ②♦❦❡❞ t❛✇♥② ❬❝♦✉rs❡rs✶ ❪ ❝♦♥✈❡②

t❤② tr❡❛s✉r❡❞✲❜②✲❛❧❧ ❝❤❛r✐♦t ❤✐t❤❡r✱ ❖ ❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s Indra✦
❙✐♥❝❡ ❡✈❡♥ ♣r❛✐s❡r ♣♦ss❡ss✐♥❣ ♦❢ svàr ❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥ t❤❡❡
t♦❞❛② ✇❡ ❝♦✉❧❞ s✉❝❝❡❡❞ t♦ ❜❡ t❤② ❞r✐♥❦✐♥❣ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s✳
✷✳ ❚❛✇♥② ❬❝♦✉rs❡rs✷ ❪ ✇❡♥t ❢♦rt❤✱ t♦✇❛r❞s t❤❡ ❛❝t✐♦♥✱
✐♥t♦ ✐♥t♦ ❛ ✇♦♦❞❡♥ ✈❡ss❡❧✱ t❤❡②✱ str❛✐♥❣❤t✲❣♦✐♥❣ ❜❡❝❛♠❡ ♣✉r❡✱
s♦ t❤❛t Indra✱
❡♠♣♦✇❡r❡❞✲❜②✲t❤❡✲❍❡❛✈❡♥ s♦✈❡r❡✐❣♥ ♦❢ ❝♦♥t❛✐♥✐♥❣ Soma ✇✐♥❡✱
✇♦✉❧❞ ❜❡ t❤❡ ✜rst t♦ ❞r✐♥❦ t❤✐s ♦✉r ❬Soma❪✳
✸✳ ❆❝❝✉st♦♠❡❞ t♦ ❛ ❝❤❛r✐♦t✱ ❬②♦❦❡❞❪ ✐♥t♦ ❛ ✇❡❧❧✲✇❤❡❡❧❡❞ ❬❝❤❛r✐♦t❪✱
t❤❡ ❤♦rs❡s ❬❛r❡❪ r✉s❤✐♥❣ t♦✇❛r❞s ❝❤❛♥❣✐♥❣✲♣♦✇❡r❢✉❧❧② Indra✳
❙tr❛✐❣❤t✲❣♦✐♥❣✱ t❤❡② ❝❛♥ ❝♦♥✈❡② ❬t❤❡ ❝❤❛r✐♦t❪
t♦ ❛♥ ❛✉❞✐t♦r② ✐♠♣r❡ss✐♦♥✳
Vāyu✬s ❛♠❜r♦s✐❛ s❤♦✉❧❞ ♥❡✈❡r ❜❡ ✇❛st❡❞✳
✹✳ ❚❤❡ ♠♦st ❡①❝❡❧❧❡♥t Indra✱ s❤✐❡❧❞✐♥❣✲♠♦st✲str♦♥❣❧② ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡s✱
❡♥❝♦✉♥t❡rs ❤✐s s❛❝r✐✜❝✐❛❧ r❡✇❛r❞✱
✇✐t❤ ✇❤✐❝❤ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲❜❡❛r❡r✱ ❣♦ ❛r♦✉♥❞ t❤❡ ❛♥①✐❡t②
❛♥❞ ✉♥❝♦✈❡r ❜♦✉♥t✐❡s✱ ❖ ❞❛r✐♥❣ ♦♥❡✱
t♦ ✐♥st✐t✉t♦rs ♦❢ t❤❡ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡✳
✺✳ Indra ❬✐s❪ ❛ ❣✐✈❡r ♦❢ ❛♥ ❡♥❞✉r✐♥❣ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✳
▼❛② Indra✱ ❬❤✐s❪ ♠✐❣❤t str❡♥❣t❤❡♥❡❞✱
❜❡❝♦♠❡ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥❡❞ ❜② t❤❡ ❝❤❛♥ts✦
▼❛② Indra✱ t❤❡ ❜❡st s❧❛②❡r ♦❢ Vr.tra✱ ❜❡ ❛ ✜❣❤t❡r✦
■♥st✐t✉t♦r ♦❢ t❤❡ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡ ✇❤♦ ❦❡❡♣s ✉r❣✐♥❣ ❬❤✐♠❪
✜❧❧s ✉♣ t❤♦s❡ ❬tr♦♦♣s❪✳✸

✶ ❞r♦♣s ♦❢ Soma
✷ ❞r♦♣s ♦❢ Soma
✸ t❤✐s ❧✐♥❡ ✐s t❤❡ s❛♠❡ ❛s ✻✳✷✾✳✺❝
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✻✳✸✽

Bharadvāja Barhaspatya | Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra

ápāditá údu naścitrátamo

mah´ı̄m. bhars.addyumátı̄mı́ndrahūtim |
pányası̄m . dhı̄tı́m. dáıvyasya yā´mañ
jánasya rātı́m. vanate sudā´nuh. || 1 ||

dūrā´ccidā´ vasato asya kárn.ā

ghós.ādı́ndrasya tanyati bruvān.áh. |
éyámenam . deváhūtirvavr.tyān
madryàgı́ndramiyámr.cyámānā || 2 ||

. vo dhiyā´ paramáyā purājā´m

tám
ajáramı́ndramabhyànūs.yarkáıh. |
bráhmā ca gı́ro dadhiré sámasmin
mahā´m̃
. śca stómo ádhi vardhadı́ndre || 3 ||

várdhādyám. yajñá utá sóma ı́ndram .

várdhādbráhma gı́ra ukthā´ ca mánma |
várdhā´hainamus.áso yā´mannaktór
várdhānmā´sāh. śarádo dyā´va ı́ndram || 4 ||

evā´ jajñānám
. sáhase ásāmi
vāvr.dhānám. rā´dhase ca śrutā´ya |
mahā´mugrámávase vipra nūnám
ā´ vivāsema vr.tratū´ryes.u || 5 ||
 ✼✸✾

✶✳ ❍❡✶ ❞r❛♥❦ ❢r♦♠ ❤❡r❡❀ ❤❡✱ t❤❡ ♠♦st ❝♦♥s♣✐❝✉♦✉s ♦♥❡✱

s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ ❝❛rr✐❡❞ ✉♣✇❛r❞s
♦✉r ♠✐❣❤t② ❧✉❝✐❞ ✐♥✈♦❝❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ Indra✳
❉✉r✐♥❣ ❥♦✉r♥❡② ♦❢ t❤❡ ❝❡❧❡st✐❛❧ tr✐❜❡
♦♥❡✱ ❬✇❤♦ ✐s❪ ❧✐❜❡r❛❧✱ ♣❧❛❝❡s ✇✐t❤✐♥ ❤✐s r❡❛❝❤ t❤❡ ❣✐❢t ✖
❬❡✈❡♥❪ ♠♦r❡ ❛❞♠✐r❛❜❧❡ ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥✳
✷✳ ❊✈❡♥ ❢r♦♠ ❛ ❞✐st❛♥❝❡ ❤✐s✷ ❡❛rs s♣❡♥❞ t✐♠❡ ❤❡r❡❀
❤❡ ✇❤♦ ✐s s♣❡❛❦✐♥❣ r❡✈❡r❜❡r❛t❡s ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ❜❛tt❧❡❝r② ♦❢ Indra
s♦ t❤❛t t❤✐s ✐♥✈♦❝❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ t❤❡ deva ✇♦✉❧❞ t✉r♥ ❤✐♠ ❤❡r❡✳
❚❤✐s✱ ❜❡✐♥❣ r❡❝✐t❡❞ ❬✐♥✈♦❝❛t✐♦♥✱ ✇♦✉❧❞ t✉r♥❪ Indra t♦✇❛r❞s ♠❡✳
✸✳ ❋♦r ②♦✉r s❛❦❡ ✇✐t❤ s✉♣❡r✐♦r ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥✱
✇✐t❤ ❤②♠♥s ♦❢ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t✐♦♥✱
■ ❤❛✈❡ ❢♦✉♥❞ ♠② ✇❛② t♦✇❛r❞s ❤✐♠✱
❜♦r♥ ❬✐♥ ♠❡❪ ❜❡❢♦r❡✱ ✉♥❞❡❝❛②✐♥❣ Indra✳
❋♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥ ❛♥❞ ❝❤❛♥ts ❝♦♠❜✐♥❡ ❬✇✐t❤ ❡❛❝❤ ♦t❤❡r❪ ✐♥ ❤✐♠✱
❛♥❞ t❤❡ ❣r❡❛t ❤②♠♥ ♦❢ ♣r❛✐s❡ s❤❛❧❧ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥ ❬♠❡❪
✐♥t♦ ❬t❤❡ st❛t❡ ♦❢❪ Indra✳
✹✳ ❙✐♥❝❡ ✇❤♦♠ ❛ ✜r❡ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣ ❛♥❞ Soma ✇♦✉❧❞ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥ ✖
Indra ✖
s✐♥❝❡ ❛ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥✱ ❝❤❛♥ts✱ ✈❡rs❡s ❛♥❞ ❛ ♠❛♥✐❝ t❤♦✉❣❤t
✇♦✉❧❞ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥ ❬❤✐♠ ❛s ✇❡❧❧❪✱
❛t ❧❡❛st✱ ❞♦ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥ ❤✐♠
❞✉r✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❝♦♠✐♥❣ ♦❢ ❞❛✇♥ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ❞❛r❦♥❡ss ♦❢ t❤❡ ♥✐❣❤t
s♦ t❤❛t t❤❡ ②❡❛rs✸ ✱ ♠♦♥t❤s✱ ❞❛②s ❬♦❢ ♣r❛❝t✐❝❡❪
✇♦✉❧❞ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥ Indra✳
✖✖
✺✳ ❚❤✐s ✇❛②✱ ❖ ✐♥s♣✐r❡❞ ♦♥❡✱
✇❡ ❝❛♥ ♥♦✇ ♣✉t ♦♥ t❤❡ ♠✐❣❤t②✱ ❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s ♦♥❡
❬✇❤♦ ✐s❪ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❡❞ ❝♦♠♣❧❡t❡❧②
❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ str❡♥❣t❤✱
❬✇❤♦ ✐s❪ ❜❡✐♥❣ ❡❧❡✈❛t❡❞ ❬✐♥ ✐♥t❡♥s✐t②❪
❢♦r t❤❡ ❢❛♠❡❞ s❛t✐s❢❛❝t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❤✐s ❞❡s✐r❡ ✖
t♦ ❤❡❧♣ ❬✉s❪ ❞✉r✐♥❣ ❤❛st❡♥✐♥❣ ♣❛st ♦❜st❛❝❧❡s✳

❱❡rs❡s ✶✕✹ ❛r❡ ✉tt❡r❡❞ ❜② ❛♥ ✐♥✇❛r❞❧② ❡①❝✐t❡❞ ❛❞❡♣t t♦ t❤♦s❡ ✇❤♦

❛tt❡♥❞ t❤❡ ❧❡ss♦♥✱ ✈❡rs❡ ✺ ✐s ✉tt❡r❡❞ ❜② t❤❡♠ ❜❛❝❦ t♦ ❤✐♠✳
✶ Agni
✷ Indra✬s
✸ ❧✐t✳ ✏❛✉t✉♠♥s✑
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✻✳✸✾

Bharadvāja Barhaspatya | Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra

mandrásya kavérdivyásya váhner

vı́pramanmano vacanásya mádhvah. |
ápā nastásya sacanásya devés.o
yuvasva gr.n.até gó .agrāh. || 1 ||

ayámuśānáh. páryádrimusrā´
r.tádhı̄tibhirr.tayúgyujānáh. |
rujádárugn.am . vı́ valásya sā´num
.
pan.´ı̄m̃
. rvácobhirabhı́ yodhadı́ndrah. || 2 ||

ayám . dyotayadadyúto vyàktū´n

´
dos.ā vástoh. śaráda ı́ndurindra |
imám . ketúmadadhurnū´ cidáhnām .
śúcijanmana us.ásaścakāra || 3 ||

′
ayám. rocayadarúco rucānò yám .
vāsayadvyr̀.téna pūrv´ı̄h. |
ayámı̄yata .rtayúgbhiráśvaih.
svarvı́dā nā´bhinā cars.an.iprā´h. || 4 ||

nū´ gr.n.ānó gr.n.até pratna rājannı́s.ah.

pinva vasudéyāya pūrv´ı̄h. |
apá ós.adhı̄ravis.ā´ vánāni
gā´ árvato n.´r̄nr.cáse rirı̄hi || 5 ||
 ✼✹✶

✶✳ ❚❤♦✉✱ ❖ deva✱ ❤❛✈❡ ❞r✉♥❦ ♦❢ t❤❛t ❛ss✐st✐♥❣ ✉s ❤♦♥❡② ✖

♦❢ ❞❡❧✐❣❤t❢✉❧ ❣✐❢t❡❞ ✇✐t❤ ✐♥s✐❣❤t ❝❡❧❡st✐❛❧ ❝❛rr✐❡r✱
❡❧♦q✉❡♥t✱ ❡①❝✐t❡❞ ❜② ❛ ♠❛♥✐❝ t❤♦✉❣❤t ♦♥❡❀
❜❡st♦✇ ✉♣♦♥ ❡①t♦❧❧✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡❡❪ ♦♥❡ ♣r❡❝❡❞❡❞ ❜② ✇♦r❞s ❧✐❜❛t✐♦♥s✦
✷✳ ❚❤✐s✱ ❞❡s✐r✐♥❣ ♦♥❡ ✱ ❡♠♣❧♦②✐♥❣ .rta
✶
❜② ✉s✐♥❣ ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥s ❜❛s❡❞ ♦♥ rta✱
❤❡✱ ❥♦✐♥✐♥❣ ❛♣♣❡❛r✐♥❣ ❛r♦✉♥❞ t❤❡ r♦❝❦. ❛t ❞❛✇♥ ❬✇❛t❡rs❪✱
s❤❛❧❧ ❜r❡❛❦ ♦♣❡♥ ✉♥❜r♦❦❡♥ t♦♣ s✉r❢❛❝❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❝❛✈❡r♥✳✷
❯s✐♥❣ ✉tt❡r❛♥❝❡s Indra s❤❛❧❧ ✇❛❣❡ ✇❛r ❛❣❛✐♥st ♥✐❣❣❛r❞s✳
✸✳ ❚❤✐s ♦♥❡✱ t❤❡ ♠♦st r❡✜♥❡❞ ❛♥❞ ❝♦♥❝❡♥tr❛t❡❞ ❢♦r♠ ♦❢ Soma✱
s❤❛❧❧ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t❡ ❢♦r ②❡❛rs ✱ ❖ Indra✱
✸
✇❤❛t ✐s ♥♦t s❤✐♥✐♥❣ t❤r♦✉❣❤♦✉t t❤❡ ♥✐❣❤ts✱
t❤r♦✉❣❤ t❤❡ ❞❛r❦♥❡ss ♦❢ ❡❛r❧② ♠♦r♥✐♥❣✦
❍✐♠ t❤❡② ❢♦rt❤✇✐t❤ s❡t ❛s t❤❡ ❢♦❝❛❧ ♣♦✐♥t ♦❢ t❤❡ ❞❛②s✱
❤❡ ❤❛s ❝❛✉s❡❞ ❞❛✇♥s t♦ ❤❛✈❡ ♣✉r❡ ❜✐rt❤✳
✹✳ ❚❤✐s ♦♥❡ ✱ s❤✐♥✐♥❣✱ s❤❛❧❧ ♠❛❦❡ ✇❤❛t ❧❛❝❦s s❤✐♥✐♥❣ s❤✐♥❡✱
✹
t❤✐s ♦♥❡ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ .rta s❤❛❧❧ ♠❛❦❡ ♠❛♥② ❬✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥s ❪
✺
s❤✐♥❡ t❤r♦✉❣❤ ❬♠❡♥t❛❧ ♦❜s❝✉r❛t✐♦♥s❪✳
❚❤✐s ♦♥❡ ❝♦♠❡s ❛❣❛✐♥ ❛♥❞ ❛❣❛✐♥
✻
❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❡♠♣❧♦②✐♥❣ rta ❤♦rs❡s ✱ ✼
❬t❤✉s❪ ✜❧❧✐♥❣ t❤r♦✉❣❤ ✜♥❞✐♥❣. svàr ❝❡♥t❡r ❬✇✐t❤ ✇❤❛t ✐s r❡❛❧❪
✽
t❤♦s❡ t❤❛t ❞r❛✇ t♦ t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s ✳ ✾
✺✳ ❙♦ ♥♦✇✱ ❜❡✐♥❣ ❡①t♦❧❧❡❞✱ ❖ ♣r✐♠♦r❞✐❛❧ ❝❤✐❡❢t❛✐♥✱
❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ ❡①t♦❧❧✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡❡❪ ♦♥❡✱
s✇❡❧❧ ♠✉❧t✐♣❧❡ ❧✐❜❛t✐♦♥s t♦ ❣✐✈❡ ❜❡♥❡✜ts✱
❣r❛♥t ✇❛t❡rs✱ ❤❡r❜s✱ ♥♦♥✲♣♦✐s♦♥✐♥❣ ❞❡s✐r❡s✱
❝♦✇s✱ ❝♦✉rs❡rs✱ ♠❡♥ t♦ ♣r❛✐s❡ ✐♥ ✈❡rs❡s✦

✶ Indra
✷ t❤✐s s❡❡♠s t♦ ♠❡❛♥ ♦♣❡♥✐♥❣ ♦❢ sahasrāra ❝❛❦r❛
✸ ❧✐t✳ ✏❛✉t✉♠♥s✑
✹ t❤❡ ♠♦st r❡✜♥❡❞ ❛♥❞ ❝♦♥❝❡♥tr❛t❡❞ ❢♦r♠ ♦❢ Soma
✺ dhı̄ti✲s
✻ Indra
✼ ❤❡r❡ ❂ ✏❞r♦♣s ♦❢ Soma ❥✉✐❝❡✑
✽ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✸✳✸✹✳✼❛❜
✾ s❡♥s❡s
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✻✳✹✵

Bharadvāja Barhaspatya | Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra

ı́ndra pı́ba túbhyam . sutó mádāyā´va

sya hárı̄ vı́ mucā sákhāyā |
utá prá gāya gan.á ā´ nis.ádyā´thā
yajñā´ya gr.n.até váyo dhāh. || 1 ||

ásya piba yásya jajñāná indra

mádāya krátve ápibo virapśin |
támu te gā´vo nára ā´po ádrir
ı́ndum. sámahyanpı̄táye sámasmai || 2 ||

sámiddhe agnau ´ sutá indra sóma

ā´ tvā vahantu hárayo váhis..thāh. |
tvāyatā´ mánasā johavı̄m´ı̄ndrā´ yāhi
suvitā´ya mahé nah. || 3 ||

ā´ yāhi śáśvaduśatā´ yayāthéndra

mahā´ mánasā somapéyam |
úpa bráhmān.i śr.n.ava imā´ nó ′thā te
yajñástanvè váyo dhāt || 4 ||

yádindra divı́ pā´rye yádŕ.dhag

yádvā své sádane yátra vā´si |
áto no yajñámávase niyútvān
sajós.āh. pāhi girvan.o marúdbhih. || 5 ||
 ✼✹✸

✶✳ ❖ Indra✱ ❞r✐♥❦ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❢♦r t❤❡❡ ❬Soma❪ ❢♦r ❛♥ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t✐♦♥✦

❯♥❤❛r♥❡ss t❤❡ t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s✱ ✉♥❧♦♦s❡ t✇♦ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s✦
❆♥❞ t❤♦✉ ✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ s❛t ❞♦✇♥ ♠✐❞st tr♦♦♣s✱ ❞♦ s✐♥❣ ❢♦rt❤✦
✶
❚❤❡♥ t❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡st♦✇ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ✈✐❣♦✉r ✉♣♦♥ t❤❡ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡✱
✷
✉♣♦♥ ❡①t♦❧❧✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡❡❪ ♦♥❡✳
✷✳ ❉r✐♥❦ t❤✐s ✇❤✐❝❤ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❜❡❡♥ ❜♦r♥✱
❞r❛♥❦ ❢♦r ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t✐♦♥ ❬❛♥❞❪ r❡s♦✉r❝❡❢✉❧♥❡ss✱ ❖ ❡①✉❜❡r❛♥t ♦♥❡✦
❍✐♠✱ t❤❡ ♠♦st r❡✜♥❡❞ ❛♥❞ ❝♦♥❝❡♥tr❛t❡❞ ❢♦r♠ ♦❢ Soma✱
❝♦✇s✱ ♠❡♥✱ ✇❛t❡rs✱ t❤❡ r♦❝❦ t♦❣❡t❤❡r st✐♠✉❧❛t❡ ❢♦r t❤❡❡✱
t♦ ❞r✐♥❦ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ❢♦r t❤✐s ♦♥❡✬s s❛❦❡✳
✸✳ ■♥t♦ ❦✐♥❞❧❡❞ Agni ✱ ✐♥t♦ ♣r❡ss❡❞ ♦✉t Soma✱ ❖ Indra✱
✸
❧❡t t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s✱ ❜❡st ❛t ❝♦♥✈❡②✐♥❣✱ ❝♦♥✈❡② t❤❡❡✦
❲✐t❤ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ t❤❡❡ ♠✐♥❞ ■ ♠❛❦❡ ❛♥ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣ ❛❣❛✐♥ ❛♥❞ ❛❣❛✐♥✱
❖ Indra❀
❥♦✉r♥❡② ❤❡r❡ ❢♦r ❛♥ ❡❛s② ♣❛ss❛❣❡ ❬❛♥❞❪
❢♦r t❤❡ ❣r❡❛t ❬♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡❪ ❢♦r ✉s✳
✹
✹✳ ❏♦✉r♥❡② ❤❡r❡✦ ❚❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ❥♦✉r♥❡②❡❞ t✐♠❡ ❛♥❞ ❛❣❛✐♥✱ ❖ Indra✱
✇✐t❤ ❞❡s✐r✐♥❣✱ ♣♦✇❡r❢✉❧ ♠✐♥❞ t♦ ❛ ❞r✐♥❦ ♦❢ Soma✳
❙✐♥❝❡ t❤♦✉ ✇✐❧❧ ❣✐✈❡ ❡❛r t♦ t❤❡s❡ ♦✉r ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥s✱
t❤❡♥ t❤✐s ♦✛❡r✐♥❣ t♦ t❤❡❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❜r✐♥❣ ✈✐❣♦✉r t♦ t❤❡ ❜♦❞②✳
✺✳ ■❢✱ ❖ Indra✱ ♦♥ ❛ ❞❡❝✐s✐✈❡ ❞❛②✱ ✇❤❡t❤❡r ❛♣❛rt ❬❢r♦♠ ✉s❪
♦r ♦♥ t❤② ♦✇♥ s❡❛t ❬❛♠♦♥❣ ✉s❪ ✖ ✇❤❡r❡✈❡r t❤♦✉ ❛r❡✱
❢r♦♠ t❤❡r❡✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ✐♥♥❡r ❝♦♥♥❡❝t✐♦♥✱
❬t❤♦✉ ✇♦✉❧❞ ❥♦✉r♥❡②❪ t♦ ♦✉r s❛❝r✐✜❝❡ ✐♥ ♦r❞❡r t♦ ❤❡❧♣✱
❛❝t✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❤❛r♠♦♥② ✇✐t❤ Marut✲s✱ ❞♦ ♣r♦t❡❝t ❬✉s❪✱
❖ ❧♦♥❣✐♥❣ ❢♦r ❛ ❝❤❛♥t✦

✶ s✐♥❣❡r
✷ Indra
✸ t❤❡ ✐♥♥❡r ✜r❡ ♦❢ manipūra ❝❛❦r❛
.
✹ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✻✳✸✹✳✷❝
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✻✳✹✶

Bharadvāja Barhaspatya | Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra

áhe..damāna úpa yāhi yajñám

.
túbhyam . pavanta ı́ndavah. sutā´sah. |
gā´vo ná vajrinsvámóko áchéndrā´ gahi
prathamó yajñı́yānām || 1 ||

yā´ te kākútsúkr.tā yā´ váris..thā

yáyā śáśvatpı́basi mádhva ūrmı́m |
táyā pāhi prá te adhvaryúrasthāt
sam . te vájro vartatāmindra gavyúh. || 2 ||

es.á drapsó vr..sabhó viśvárūpa

ı́ndrāya vŕ..sn.e sámakāri sómah. |
etám. piba hariva sthātarugra
yásyéśis.e pradı́vi yáste ánnam || 3 ||

sutáh. sómo ásutādindra vásyān

ayám. śréyāñcikitús.e rán.āya |
etám
. titirva úpa yāhi yajñám .
téna vı́śvāstávis.ı̄rā´ pr.n.asva || 4 ||

hváyāmasi tvéndra yāhyarvā´ṅ

áram . te sómastanvè bhavāti |
śátakrato mādáyasvā sutés.u
prā´smā´m̃
. ava pŕ.tanāsu prá viks.ú || 5 ||
 ✼✹✺

✶✳ ◆♦t ❜❡✐♥❣ ❛♥❣r②✱ ❛rr✐✈❡ ❛t t❤❡ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡✦

❊①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❞r♦♣s ♦❢ Soma ♣✉r✐❢② t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s ❢♦r t❤❡❡✳
▲✐❦❡ ❝♦✇s ❣♦ t♦✇❛r❞s t❤❡✐r ♦✇♥ ❤♦♠❡✱ ❖ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲✇✐❡❧❞❡r✱
❝♦♠❡ ❤❡r❡✱ ❜❡✐♥❣ ❢♦r❡♠♦st ♦❢ ✇♦rt❤② ♦❢ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡ ♦♥❡s✱ ❖ Indra✦
✷✳ ❲❤✐❝❤ ♣❛❧❛t❡✶ ❬✐s❪ ✇❡❧❧ ♣r❡♣❛r❡❞ ❢♦r t❤❡❡✱
✇❤✐❝❤ ❬✐s❪ t❤❡ ♠♦st ♣r❡❢❡r❛❜❧❡
✇✐t❤ ✇❤✐❝❤ t❤♦✉ ❢r❡q✉❡♥t❧② ❞r✐♥❦ t❤❡ ✇❛✈❡ ♦❢ ❤♦♥❡②✱
❞r✐♥❦ ✇✐t❤ t❤❛t ♦♥❡✦
❍❡ ✇❤♦ s❡❡❦s ✇❛②s t♦ ♣r♦❝❡❡❞ st♦♦❞ ✉♣ ❢♦r t❤❡❡✳
▲❡t t❤② t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✱ ❖ Indra✱
s❡❡❦✐♥❣ ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s✷ ✱ t❛❦❡ s❤❛♣❡✦
✸✳ ❚❤✐s r❡s❡♠❜❧✐♥❣ ❛ ❜✉❧❧ ❞r♦♣✱ ❝❛♣❛❜❧❡ t♦ ❛ss✉♠❡ ❛♥② ❢♦r♠✱
Soma ✇❛s ♠❛❞❡ ❢♦r ❜✉❧❧ Indra✳
❖ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞✲❜②✲t❛✇♥②✲♦♥❡s ❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s ❞r✐✈❡r✱ ❞r✐♥❦ t❤✐s✱
♦❢ ✇❤✐❝❤ t❤♦✉ ❛r❡ ♠❛st❡r ❛t ❛❧❧ t✐♠❡s✱ ✇❤✐❝❤ ❢♦r t❤❡❡ ✐s ❢♦♦❞✳
✹✳ ❊①tr❛❝t❡❞ Soma✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❬✐s❪ ❜❡tt❡r t❤❛♥ ✉♥❡①tr❛❝t❡❞✱
t❤✐s ✐s s✉♣❡r✐♦r ❢♦r ❛ ❞✐s❝r✐♠✐♥❛t✐♥❣ ♦♥❡ t♦ ❡♥❥♦②✸ ✳
❙t❡❡r t♦✇❛r❞s t❤✐s ✜r❡ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣✱ ❖ ♦✈❡r❝♦♠❡r✦
❯s✐♥❣ ✐t✱ ♥♦✉r✐s❤ ❛❧❧ ♣♦✇❡rs t♦ ❝♦♥tr♦❧✦
✺✳ ❲❡ ❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Indra✦ ❈♦♠✐♥❣ ❤✐t❤❡r✇❛r❞✱ ❥♦✉r♥❡② ❤❡r❡✱
s♦ t❤❛t Soma ✇♦✉❧❞ ❜❡ ✜tt✐♥❣ t♦ t❤② ❜♦❞②✳
❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ✇✐❧❡s ♦♥❡✱ ❞♦ ♠❛❦❡ t❤②s❡❧❢ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t❡❞
♦♥ ♣r❡ss❡❞ ♦✉t ❬❥✉✐❝❡s❪✦
❋❛✈♦✉r ✉s ✐♥ ❜❛tt❧❡s✱ ❬❢❛✈♦✉r ✉s❪ ❛♠♦♥❣ tr✐❜❡s✦

✶ ♣r♦❜✳ ❂ ✏✇❤✐❝❤ ❛❞❡♣t✑

✷ ❧✐t✳ ✏❝♦✇s✑
✸ ❢♦❧❧♦✇✐♥❣ ❬❏❛♠✐s♦♥ ❛♥❞ ❇r❡r❡t♦♥✱ ✷✵✶✹✱ ♣✳✽✷✺❪
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✻✳✹✷

Bharadvāja Barhaspatya | ✶✕✸ Anus..tubh✱ ✹ Br.hatı̄ | t♦ Indra

prátyasmai pı́pı̄s.ate vı́śvāni vidús.e bhara |

. gamā´ya jágmayé paścāddaghvane náre || 1 ||
′
aram

émenam. pratyétana sómebhih. somapā´tamam |

. sutébhirı́ndubhih. || 2 ||
ámatrebhirr.jı̄s.ı́n.amı́ndram

yádı̄ sutébhirı́ndubhih. sómebhih. pratibhū´.satha |

. tamı́dés.ate || 3 ||
védā vı́śvasya médhiro dhr..sáttám

asmā´.asmā ı́dándhasó ′dhvaryo prá bharā sutám |

kuvı́tsamasya jényasya śárdhato ′bhı́śasteravaspárat || 4 ||
 ✼✹✼

✶✳ ❉♦ ❬t❤♦✉❪ ♣r❡s❡♥t ❬♦✛❡r✐♥❣s❪ t♦ t❤✐s ✇✐s❤✐♥❣ t♦ ❞r✐♥❦✱

❦♥♦✇✐♥❣ ❛❧❧ ❬♣❧❛❝❡s ♦❢ ❡①✐st❡♥❝❡❪ ♦♥❡✱ ✶
✇❤♦s❡ ♠♦✈❡s ❛r❡ s✉✣❝✐❡♥t✱ ✇❤♦ ✐s ✐♥ ❝♦♥st❛♥t ♠♦t✐♦♥✱
t♦ ❛ ❤❡r♦ ✇❤♦ ❞♦❡s ♥♦t str✐❦❡ ❬❡♥❡♠✐❡s❪ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ❜❛❝❦ ❬r♦✇❪✳
✷✳ ❍✐♠✱ ✇❤♦ ✐s t❤❡ ♠♦st✲❞r✐♥❦✐♥❣ ♦❢ Soma✱
r❡❝❡✐✈❡ ②❡ ✇✐t❤ Soma ✖
❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❞✐r❡❝t ✐♠♣❛❝t Indra ❬r❡❝❡✐✈❡❪
✇✐t❤ ❢❛❝✐❧✐t❛t✐♥❣ ❢♦r❝❡❢✉❧♥❡ss ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❞r♦♣s ♦❢ Soma✳
✸✳ ■❢ ②❡ ❛tt❡♥❞ t♦ ❬❤✐♠❪ ✇✐t❤ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ Soma ❞r♦♣s✱
❤❡✱ ♣♦ss❡ss✐♥❣ ♦❢ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱
✇♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ ❝♦rr❡❝t ♥♦t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣✳
❉❛r✐♥❣✱ ❤❡ ❤❛st❡♥s ❥✉st t♦✇❛r❞ ❡✈❡r② ♦♥❡ ♦❢ ❬t❤♦s❡❪✳
✹✳ ❏✉st t♦ t❤✐s ♦♥❡✱ ❖ adhvaryu ✱ ✷
♦✛❡r ♣r❡ss❡❞ ❢r♦♠ ❤❡r❜ ❬Soma❪✦
❲♦✉❧❞ ✐t ❞❡❢❡♥❞ ❬✉s❪
❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ❝✉rs❡ ♦❢ ❛♥② ❞❡✜❛♥t ♥♦❜❧❡❄✦

✶ bhuvanāni
✷ ❛ ♣❛rt✐❝✐♣❛♥t ♦❢ ❛♥ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣ ✇❤♦ s❡❡❦s ✇❛②s t♦ ♣r♦❝❡❡❞ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✻✳✹✸

yásya tyáchámbaram. máde dı́vodāsāya randháyah. |

ayám. sá sóma indra te sutáh. pı́ba || 1 ||

yásya tı̄vrasútam. mádam. mádhyamántam . ca ráks.ase |

ayám. sá sóma indra te sutáh
. pı́ba || 2 ||

yásya gā´ antáráśmano máde dr...dhā´ avā´sr.jah. |

ayám. sá sóma indra te sutáh. pı́ba || 3 ||

yásya mandānó ándhaso mā´ghonam . dadhis.é śávah. |

ayám. sá sóma indra te sutáh. pı́ba || 4 ||
 ✼✹✾

✶✳ ■♥ ✇❤♦s❡ r❛♣t✉r❡ t❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ ♠❛❦❡

Śambara s✉❜❥❡❝t t♦ Divodāsa✱
t❤❛t Soma✱ ❜❡✐♥❣ s✉❝❤✱ ❖ Indra✱
❬✐s❪ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❢♦r t❤❡❡✳ ❉r✐♥❦✦
✷✳ ❲❤♦s❡ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞✲❢r♦♠✲♣✉♥❣❡♥t✲❬❥✉✐❝❡❪ r❛♣t✉r❡
t❤♦✉ ❣✉❛r❞ ✐♥ t❤❡ ♠✐❞❞❧❡ ❛♥❞ ❛t t❤❡ ❡♥❞ ❬♦❢ ❛ ❜❛tt❧❡❪✱
t❤❛t Soma✱ ❜❡✐♥❣ s✉❝❤✱ ❖ Indra✱
❬✐s❪ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❢♦r t❤❡❡✳ ❉r✐♥❦✦
✸✳ ■♥ ✇❤♦s❡ r❛♣t✉r❡ t❤♦✉ ❧❡t ❧♦♦s❡
✜r♠❧② ❢❛st❡♥❡❞ ✐♥ t❤❡ ♠✐❞❞❧❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ r♦❝❦ ❝♦✇s✱
t❤❛t Soma✱ ❜❡✐♥❣ s✉❝❤✱ ❖ Indra✱
❬✐s❪ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❢♦r t❤❡❡✳ ❉r✐♥❦✦
✹✳ ❇❡❝♦♠✐♥❣ ✐♥✢❛♠❡❞ ❢r♦♠ ✇❤♦s❡ ❤❡r❜
t❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ r❡♥❞❡r❡❞ ❧✐❜❡r❛❧✐t② ✐♥t♦ ❛♥ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡ t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱
t❤❛t Soma✱ ❜❡✐♥❣ s✉❝❤✱ ❖ Indra✱
❬✐s❪ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❢♦r t❤❡❡✳ ❉r✐♥❦✦
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✻✳✹✹

Śam. yu Bārhaspatya | ✶✕✻ Anus..tubh✱ ✼✕✾ Virāj✭❄✮✱ ✶✵✕✷✹ Tris..tubh

| t♦ Indra

yó rayivo rayı́m. tamo yó dyumnaırdyumnávattamah

´ . |
sómah. sutáh. sá indra té ′sti svadhāpate mádah. || 1 ||

yáh. śagmástuviśagma te rāyó dāmā´ matı̄nā´m |

sómah. sutáh. sá indra té ′sti svadhāpate mádah. || 2 ||

yéna vr.ddhó ná śávasā turó ná svā´bhirūtı́bhih. |

sómah. sutáh. sá indra té ′sti svadhāpate mádah. || 3 ||

tyámu vo áprahan.am . gr.n.ı̄s.é śávasaspátim |

. viśvāsā´ham
ı́ndram . náram . mám . viśvácars.an.im || 4 ||
. his..tham

. vardháyant´ı̄dgı́rah. pátim
yám . turásya rā´dhasah. |
´
támı́nnvasya ródası̄ devı̄ śús.mam . saparyatah. || 5 ||

tádva ukthásya barhán.éndrāyopastr.n.ı̄s.án.i |

vı́po ná yásyotáyo vı́ yádróhanti saks.ı́tah. || 6 ||

. mitró návı̄yānpapānó devébhyo vásyo acait |

ávidaddáks.am
sasavā´nstaulā´bhirdhautárı̄bhirurus.yā´ pāyúrabhavatsákhibhyah. || 7 ||

.rtásya pathı́ vedhā´ apāyi śriyé mánām

. si devā´so akran |
´
dádhāno nāma mahó vácobhirvápurdr.śáye venyó vyāvah. || 8 ||
 ✼✺✶

✶✳ ❲❤✐❝❤✱ ❖ ♠❛st❡r ♦❢ t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡✱ ❬✐s❪ t❤❡ ♠♦st ✇❡❛❧t❤②✱

✇❤✐❝❤ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t✐♥❣ ❬❞r♦♣s ♦❢ ♣✉r❡ Soma❪
❤❛s t❤❡ ♠♦st ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t❡✱
t❤❛t ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ Soma✱ ❖ Indra✱
✐s t❤② ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t✐♥❣ ❞r✐♥❦✱ ❖ ♠❛st❡r ♦❢ s♣♦♥t❛♥❡✐t②✦
✷✳ ❲❤✐❝❤ ❬✐s❪ ❢♦r t❤❡❡✱ ❖ ✈❡r② ❝❛♣❛❜❧❡ ♦♥❡✱ ❬✐s❪
❛ ❝❛♣❛❜❧❡ ❣✐✈❡r ♦❢ t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡✱ ♦❢ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❣❡st✉r❡s✱
s✉❝❤ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ Soma✱ ❖ Indra✱
✐s t❤② ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t✐♥❣ ❞r✐♥❦✱ ❖ ♠❛st❡r ♦❢ s♣♦♥t❛♥❡✐t②✦
✸✳ ❲✐t❤ ✇❤✐❝❤ ❛s ✐❢ ❛✉❣♠❡♥t❡❞ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡
❛s ✐❢ q✉✐❝❦ t❤r♦✉❣❤ ♦✇♥ s✐❞❡✲❡✛❡❝ts✱
s✉❝❤ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ Soma✱ ❖ Indra✱
✐s t❤② ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t✐♥❣ ❞r✐♥❦✱ ❖ ♠❛st❡r ♦❢ s♣♦♥t❛♥❡✐t②✦
✖✖
✹✳ ❚❤❛t ♦♥❡✱ ■ ❡①t♦❧ ❢♦r ②♦✉✱ t❤❡ ♠❛st❡r ♦❢ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱
✇❤♦ ❞♦❡s ♥♦t s❤♦✇ ✇❤❡♥ ❤❡ ✐s ❛❜♦✉t t♦ str✐❦❡✱
Indra✱ ♣r❡✈❛✐❧✐♥❣ ♦✈❡r ❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣✱ ♠♦st ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♠❛♥
❞r❛✇✐♥❣ ❡✈❡r②♦♥❡ t♦✇❛r❞s ❤✐♠s❡❧❢✳
✺✳ ❲❤♦♠ t❤❡ ❝❤❛♥ts ❥✉st str❡♥❣t❤❡♥✱
t❤❡ ♠❛st❡r ♦❢ q✉✐❝❦ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❧✐s❤♠❡♥t ♦❢ ❬♦♥❡✬s❪ ❞❡s✐r❡s✱
❥✉st t♦ ❤✐♠✱ t♦ ❤✐s ❢❡r✈♦r✱
t❤❡ t✇♦ ❞✐✈✐♥❡ Rodas✲❡s ❛tt❡♥❞ t♦✳
✻✳ ❚❤❛t❬✱ t❤❡ ❢❡r✈♦r✱❪ ♦❢ ②♦✉r ✈❡rs❡ ❬✐s❪ ❝❡rt❛✐♥❧②
t♦ ❜❡ ❛ s✉❜str❛t✉♠ ❢♦r Indra
✇❤❡♥ ❞✇❡❧❧✐♥❣ s✐❞❡ ❜② s✐❞❡ ❬♦❢ ❡❛❝❤ ♦t❤❡r❪ s✐❞❡✲❡✛❡❝ts ♦❢ ✇❤♦♠
s♣r♦✉t ❛s ✐❢ ❬t❤❡② ✇❡r❡❪ ✈✐❜r❛t✐♦♥s✳
✶
✖✖
✼✳ ❘❡❝❡♥t ❜❡♥❡❢❛❝t♦r ❜❡❝❛♠❡ ❛❝q✉❛✐♥t❡❞
✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r ♦❢ ❞✐s❝❡r♥♠❡♥t❀
❞r✐♥❦✐♥❣✱ ❤❡ ♥♦t✐❝❡❞ ✇❤❛t ✐s ❜❡tt❡r t❤❡♥ deva✲s✳
❍❛✈✐♥❣ ♦❜t❛✐♥❡❞ ❬t❤❛t❪ t❤r♦✉❣❤ ♠❛ss✐✈❡ ❝❧❡❛♥s✐♥❣ ❬✢♦✇s❪
t❤r♦✉❣❤ t❤❡ ❞❡s✐r❡ t♦ ♣r♦t❡❝t
❤❡ ❜❡❝❛♠❡ ❛ ❣✉❛r❞ ❢♦r ❬❤✐s❪ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s✳
✽✳ ❖♥ ❛ ♣❛t❤ ♦❢ .rta ❛♥ ❛❞❡♣t ✐s ♣r♦t❡❝t❡❞❀
deva✲s t❛❦❡ ❤♦❧❞ ♦❢ ♠✐♥❞s ❬♦❢ ❛❞❡♣ts❪ ❢♦r ❛✉s♣✐❝✐♦✉s♥❡ss❀
❣❧❛❞❧② ❛❝❝❡♣t✐♥❣ ❢♦r ❤✐♠s❡❧❢ t❤r♦✉❣❤ ✉tt❡r❛♥❝❡s t❤❡ ♥❛♠❡✱
❤❡✱ ✇❤♦ ✐s t♦ ❜❡ ②❡❛r♥❡❞ ❢♦r✱
❤❛s r❡✈❡❛❧❡❞ ❛ ✇♦♥❞r♦✉s ❢♦r♠ t♦ ❜❡❤♦❧❞✳
✶ ❝♦♠♣✳ ✻✳✷✹✳✸❝❞
✼✺✷

dyumáttamam . dáks.am. dhehyasmé sédhā jánānām . pūrv´ı̄rárātı̄h. |

várs.ı̄yo váyah. kr.n.uhi śácı̄bhirdhánasya sātā´vasmā´m̃
. avid.d.hi || 9 ||

ı́ndra túbhyamı́nmaghavannabhūma
vayám. dātréharivo mā´vı́venah. |
nákirāpı́rdadr.śe martyatrā´
kı́maṅgá radhracódanam . tvāhuh. || 10 ||

mā´ jásvane vr..sabha no rarı̄thā

mā´ te revátah. sakhyé ris.āma |
pūrv´ı̄.s.ta indra nis..sı́dho jánes.u
jahyásus.vı̄nprá vr.hā´pr.n.atah. || 11 ||

údabhrā´n.ı̄va stanáyanniyart´ı̄ndro
rā´dhām
. syáśvyāni gávyā |
tvámasi pradı́vah. kārúdhāyā
mā´ tvādāmā´na ā´ dabhanmaghónah. || 12 ||

ádhvaryo vı̄ra prá mahé sutā´nām

ı́ndrāya bhara sá hyasya rā´jā |
yáh. pūrvyā´bhirutá nū´tanābhir
gı̄rbhı́rvāvr.dhé gr.n.atā´mŕ..sı̄n.ām || 13 ||

asyá máde purú várpām . si vidvā´n

ı́ndro vr.trā´n.yaprat´ı̄ jaghāna |
támu prá hos.i mádhumantamasmai
sómam . vı̄rā´ya śiprı́n.e pı́badhyai || 14 ||
 ✼✺✸

✾✳ P✉t ✐♥t♦ ✉s t❤❡ ♠♦st ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t✐♥❣ ♣♦✇❡r ♦❢ ❞✐s❝❡r♥♠❡♥t✱

r❡♣❡❧ ♠✉❧t✐♣❧❡ ❤♦❧❞✐♥❣ ❜❛❝❦ ❬✐♥♥❡r ❝♦♥✢✐❝ts ❪
✷
♦❢ ❬t❤❡s❡❪ ♣❡♦♣❧❡✱
❡✛❡❝t ✇✐t❤ ❬t❤②❪ ❡♥❛❜❧✐♥❣ ♣♦✇❡rs
❛ ❧♦♥❣❡r ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❛♥❞ ❜♦❞✐❧② ✈✐❣♦✉r✱
❢❛✈♦✉r ✉s ❞✉r✐♥❣ ❣❛✐♥✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡ ♣r✐③❡❪ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❝♦♥t❡st✦
✖✖
✶✵✳ ❖ Indra✱ ✇❡ ❤❛✈❡ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❬s✉❝❤❪ ❥✉st ❢♦r t❤❡❡✱
❖ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡✱ ❢♦r t❤❡ ❣✐✈❡r❀
❖ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞✲❜②✲t❛✇♥②✲♦♥❡s ♦♥❡✱ ❞♦ ♥♦t ❜❡ ✐❧❧✲❞✐s♣♦s❡❞✦
◆♦ ♦♥❡ ❛♠♦♥❣ ♠♦rt❛❧s ❝♦♥s✐❞❡rs ❤✐♠s❡❧❢ ❬♦✉r❪ ❛❧❧②✳
■♥❞❡❡❞✱ ✇❤② t❤❡② ❝❛❧❧ t❤❡❡ ✏✐♥s♣✐r✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♠❡❡❦✑❄
✶✶✳ ❉♦ ♥♦t ❣✐✈❡ ✉s✱ ❖ r❡s❡♠❜❧✐♥❣ ❛ ❜✉❧❧✱ t♦ ❛♥ ❡①❤❛✉st❡❞ ♦♥❡✱
♠❛② ✇❡✱ ✐♥ ❧✐❦❡✲♠✐♥❞❡❞♥❡ss ✇✐t❤ t❤❡❡✱
❞♦ ♥♦t ♠❡❡t ✇✐t❤ ♠✐s❢♦rt✉♥❡ ❢r♦♠ ❛ ✇❡❛❧t❤② ♦♥❡✦
▼❛♥② ❬❛r❡❪ t❤②✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❛tt❛✐♥✐♥❣✲t❤❡✐r✲❛✐♠ ❡✛❡❝ts ✐♥ ♠❡♥❀
s❧❛② ♥♦♥✲♣r❡ss✐♥❣ Soma ♦♥❡s✱ ✜rst t❡❛r t❤♦s❡
♥♦t s❛t✐❛t✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡❡ ✇✐t❤ Soma❪✦
✶✷✳ ❚❤✉♥❞❡r✐♥❣ ❧✐❦❡ st♦r♠ ❝❧♦✉❞s✱ Indra t❡♥❞s ✉♣✇❛r❞s
✸
❬❛s❪ ❢❛✈♦✉rs ❝♦♥s✐st✐♥❣ ♦❢ ❤♦rs❡s ✱ ❝♦♥s✐st✐♥❣ ♦❢ ❝♦✇s
✹ ✖
❢r♦♠ ♦❢ ♦❧❞ t❤♦✉ ❛r❡ ♥♦✉r✐s❤✐♥❣ s✐♥❣❡rs❀
♠❛② ♥♦t ♥♦♥✲❣✐✈❡rs tr✐❝❦ t❤❡❡ ❛✇❛② ❢r♦♠ ❛ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡✦
✖✖
✶✸✳ ❖ ✈❛❧✐❛♥t adhvaryu✱ ♦✛❡r t♦ ♠✐❣❤t② Indra
❬Soma❪ ♦❢ t❤❡ ♣r❡ss❡❞ ♦✉t ❬❥✉✐❝❡s❪
s✐♥❝❡ ❤❡✱ ✇❤♦ ❤❛s ❜❡❝♦♠❡ str♦♥❣❡r t❤r♦✉❣❤ ♦❧❞ ❛♥❞ ♥❡✇ ❝❤❛♥ts
♦❢ ❡①t♦❧❧✐♥❣ ❬❤✐♠❪ s❡❡rs✱ ✐s ❤✐s ❝❤✐❡❢t❛✐♥✳
✶✹✳ ❍❛✈✐♥❣ ❢♦✉♥❞ ♠❛♥② ❛ss✉♠❡❞ ❢♦r♠s ✐♥ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ t❤✐s ♦♥❡ ✱
✺
Indra ❤❛s r❡♠♦✈❡❞ ♦❜st❛❝❧❡s✻ ✇✐t❤♦✉t ❛♥② ✐♠♣❡❞✐♠❡♥ts✳
✼ ✽
❙❛❝r✐✜❝❡ ❝♦♥t✐♥✉❛❧❧② ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ✐s r✐❝❤ ✐♥ ❤♦♥❡② t♦ t❤✐s ♦♥❡ ✖
Soma t♦ t❤❡ s❡❧❡❝t✐✈❡ ❤❡r♦ t♦ ❞r✐♥❦✦

✷ dvis✲❛s
.
✸ r❤②t❤♠s
✹ ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s
✺ Soma
✻ vrtra✲s
.
✼ Soma
✽ Indra
✼✺✹

pā´tā sutámı́ndro astu sómam .

hántā vr.trám. vájren.a mandasānáh. |
gántā yajñám . parāvátaścidáchā
vásurdhı̄nā´mavitā´ kārúdhāyāh. || 15 ||

. tyátpā´tramindrapā´nam
idám
ı́ndrasya priyámamŕ.tamapāyi |
mátsadyáthā saumanasā´ya devám .
vyàsmáddvés.o yuyávadvyám. hah. || 16 ||

enā´ mandānó jahı́ śūra śátrūñ

jāmı́májāmim . maghavannamı́trān |
abhis.en.ā´m̃
. abhy ā`dédiśānān
párāca indra prá mr.n.ā jah´ı̄ ca || 17 ||

āsú .smā n.o maghavannindra pr.tsvàsmábhyam .

máhi várivah. sugám . kah. |
apā´m. tokásya tánayasya jes.á
ı́ndra sūr´ı̄nkr.n.uhı́ smā no ardhám || 18 ||

ā´ tvā hárayo vŕ..san.o yujānā´

vŕ..sarathāso vŕ..saraśmayó ′tyāh. |
asmatrā´ñco vŕ..san.o vajravā´ho
vŕ..sn.e mádāya suyújo vahantu || 19 ||

ā´ te vr..sanvŕ..san.o drón.amasthur

ghr.taprús.o nórmáyo mádantah. |
ı́ndra prá túbhyam . vŕ..sabhih. sutā´nām
.
vŕ..sn.e bharanti vr..sabhā´ya sómam || 20 ||

vŕ..sāsi divó vr..sabháh. pr.thivyā´

vŕ..sā sı́ndhūnām . vr..sabhá stı́yānām |
vŕ..sn.e ta ı́ndurvr..sabha pı̄pāya
svādū´ ráso madhupéyo várāya || 21 ||
 ✼✺✺

✶✺✳ ▼❛② Indra ❜❡ ❞r✐♥❦❡r ♦❢ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ Soma✱

❜❡❝♦♠✐♥❣ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t❡❞✱ ❬♠❛② ❤❡✱❪ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ t❤❡ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✱
❬❜❡❝♦♠❡❪ ❛ s❧❛②❡r ♦❢ Vrtra✱
❬♠❛② ❤❡ ❜❡❪ ❛rr✐✈✐♥❣ ❛t t❤❡. s❛❝r✐✜❝❡ ❡✈❡♥ ❢r♦♠ ❢❛r ♦✛✱
❬♠❛② ❤❡ ❜❡❪ ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧ ❤❡❧♣❡r ✇✐t❤ ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥s✱
❛ ♥♦✉r✐s❤❡r ♦❢ s✐♥❣❡rs✦
✖✖
✶✻✳ ❚❤✐s ❤❡r❡ ❣♦❜❧❡t ❬✐s❪ ❢♦r Indra✬s ❞r✐♥❦❀
Indra✬s ❢❛✈♦r✐t❡ ❛♠❜r♦s✐❛ ❤❛s ❜❡❡♥ ❞r✉♥❦
✐♥ s✉❝❤ ♠❛♥♥❡r t❤❛t ✐t s❤❛❧❧ ❣❧❛❞❞❡♥ t❤❡ deva
t♦ ❜❡ ❛❣r❡❡❛❜❧❡ t♦ ❢❡❡❧✐♥❣s✱
s♦ t❤❛t ❤❡ ✇♦✉❧❞ ❦❡❡♣ ❤♦st✐❧✐t② ❛♥❞ ❛♥①✐❡t② ❛✇❛② ❢r♦♠ ✉s✳
✶✼✳ ❇❡❝♦♠✐♥❣ ✐♥✢❛♠❡❞ ❜② ✐t✱ s❧❛② ❡♥❡♠✐❡s ✖
❤♦st✐❧❡s ❬❜❡ t❤❡②❪ ❦✐♥ ❬♦r❪ ♥♦t✲❦✐♥✱ ❖ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡✦
❚❤♦s❡ ✇❤♦ ❥♦✐♥❡❞ ❛r♠②✱ t❤♦s❡ ❛❜♦✉t t♦ ❛✐♠ ❛t ❬✉s❪✱
t❤♦s❡ r❡tr❡❛t✐♥❣✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❝r✉s❤ ❛♥❞ s❧❛②✦
✶✽✳ ■♥ t❤❡s❡ ♦✉r ❜❛tt❧❡s✱ ❖ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s Indra✱ t❤♦✉ ❛❧✇❛②s
s❤❛❧❧ ❝r❡❛t❡ ❢♦r ✉s ❡①t❡♥s✐✈❡ ❡❛s② t♦ tr❛✈❡rs❡ ♠❡♥t❛❧ s♣❛❝❡✳
■♥ ❣❛✐♥✐♥❣ ✇❛t❡rs✱ ♣r♦♣❛❣❛t✐♥❣✲❢❛♠✐❧② ❝❤✐❧❞r❡♥✱ ❖ Indra✱
♠❛❦❡ ✐♥st✐t✉t♦rs ♦❢ t❤❡ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡ ❜❡ ❛❧✇❛②s ♦♥ ♦✉r s✐❞❡✦
✖✖
✶✾✳ ▼❛② ❡♠♣❧♦②❡❞ t❛✇♥② ❜✉❧❧s ✾
❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❝❤❛r✐♦t t❤❛t ✐s ❧✐❦❡ ❛ ❜✉❧❧✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣✲r❡✐♥s✲❧✐❦❡✲❛✲❜✉❧❧ st❡❡❞s✱
✇❡❧❧ ②♦❦❡❞ ❢♦r ✐♠♣r❡❣♥❛t✐♥❣ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t✐♦♥✱
❜❡❛r✐♥❣ ❛❧♦♥❣ t❤❡ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✱
t✉r♥❡❞ t♦✇❛r❞s ✉s ❜✉❧❧s✱ ❝♦♥✈❡② t❤❡❡ ❤❡r❡✦
✷✵✳ ❋♦r t❤❡❡✱ ❖ ✐♠♣r❡❣♥❛t✐♥❣ ♦♥❡✱
t❤❡ ❜✉❧❧s r❡♠❛✐♥ ♥❡❛r t❤❡ ✇♦♦❞❡♥ ✈❡ss❡❧✳
❆s ✐❢ s♣r✐♥❦❧✐♥❣✲❣❤❡❡ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t✐♥❣ ✇❛✈❡s ♦✛❡r t♦ t❤❡❡✱
❖ Indra✱ t❤❡ Soma ♦❢ ♣r❡ss❡❞ ♦✉t ❜② t❤❡ ❜✉❧❧s ❬❥✉✐❝❡s❪
t♦ r❡s❡♠❜❧✐♥❣✲❛✲❜✉❧❧ ✐♠♣r❡❣♥❛t✐♥❣ ♦♥❡✳
✷✶✳ ❚❤♦✉ ❛r❡ r❡s❡♠❜❧✐♥❣✲❛✲❜✉❧❧
✐♠♣r❡❣♥❛t✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ❬❛♥❞❪ t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤ ♦♥❡✱
r❡s❡♠❜❧✐♥❣✲❛✲❜✉❧❧ ✐♠♣r❡❣♥❛t✐♥❣ ♦❢ st❛❧❡ str❡❛♠s ♦♥❡✳
❋♦r t❤❡❡✱ ❢♦r ✐♠♣r❡❣♥❛t✐♥❣ ♦♥❡✱
r❡s❡♠❜❧✐♥❣✲❛✲❜✉❧❧ Indu ❤❛s s✇❡❧❧❡❞
♣❛❧❛t❛❜❧❡ s❛♣✱ s✇❡❡t t♦ ❞r✐♥❦ t♦ t❤② ❤❡❛rt✬s ❝♦♥t❡♥t✳
✖✖
✾ ❞r♦♣s ♦❢ Soma ❥✉✐❝❡
✼✺✻

ayám. deváh. sáhasā jā´yamāna

ı́ndren.a yujā´ pan.ı́mastabhāyat |
ayám. svásya pitúrā´yudhān´ı̄ndur
amus.n.ādáśivasya māyā´h. || 22 ||

ayámakr.n.odus.ásah. supátnı̄r
ayám. sū´rye adadhājjyótirantáh. |
ayám. tridhā´tu divı́ rocanés.u
trités.u vindadamŕ.tam . nı́gū..dham || 23 ||

. dyā´vāpr.thiv´ı̄ vı́ .skabhāyad

ayám
. ráthamayunaksaptáraśmim |
ayám
ayám
. gós.u śácyā pakvámantáh.
sómo dādhāra dáśayantramútsam || 24 ||
 ✼✺✼

✷✷✳ ❚❤✐s deva✱ ♠❛❞❡ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st

t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ str❡♥❣t❤✱
t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ Indra ❛s ❛ ②♦❦❡♠❛t❡✱ ♣❛r❛❧②③❡❞ t❤❡ ♥✐❣❣❛r❞✳
❚❤✐s ♦♥❡✱ Indu✱ st♦❧❡ ❤✐s ♦✇♥ ❢❛t❤❡r✬s ✇❡❛♣♦♥s ✖
❞❡❝❡♣t✐✈❡ ❝♦♥str✉❝ts ♦❢ ✐♥❝✐t✐♥❣✲r❡❛❝t✐✈❡✲✐♠♣✉❧s✐✈❡♥❡ss ♦♥❡✳
✶✵
✷✸✳ ❚❤✐s ♦♥❡ ♠❛❞❡ ❞❛✇♥s t♦ ❤❛✈❡ ❛ ❣♦♦❞ ❤✉s❜❛♥❞✱
✶✶
t❤✐s ♦♥❡ ♣✉t ❧✐❣❤t ✐♥t♦ t❤❡ s✉♥✱
t❤✐s ♦♥❡ s❤❛❧❧ ♣r✐✈❛t❡❧② ✜♥❞
❝♦♥s✐st✐♥❣ ♦❢ t❤r❡❡ ❝♦♠♣♦♥❡♥ts ❛♠❜r♦s✐❛
✐♥ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥✱ ✐♥ ❧✉♠✐♥♦✉s s♣❤❡r❡s✱ ✐♥ t❤❡ t❤✐r❞ ♦♥❡s ✳✶✷
✷✹✳ ❚❤✐s ♦♥❡ s❤❛❧❧ ♣r♦♣ ❛♣❛rt t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤✱
t❤✐s ♦♥❡ ❤❛r♥❡ss❡❞ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ s❡✈❡♥ r❡✐♥s ❝❤❛r✐♦t✱
t❤✐s ♦♥❡ ✇✐t❤ ❬❤✐s❪ ❡♥❛❜❧✐♥❣ ♣♦✇❡r
❬♣✉t❪ r✐♣❡ ❬❢♦r ♣♦❡tr②❪ ❬✈✐t❛❧ s♣✐r✐t ❪ ✶✸
♠✐❞st ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s ✖ ✶✹
Soma ❤❛s ♠❛✐♥t❛✐♥❡❞ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❡♥✲t❤♦♥❣s s♣r✐♥❣ ✳ ✶✺

✶✵ a-śiva
✶✶ Indra
✶✷ t❤r♦❛t ❝❛❦r❛s ♦❢ ♣❛rt✐❝✐♣❛♥ts
✶✸ payas
✶✹ ❧✐t✳ ✏❝♦✇s✑
✶✺ s♦✉r❝❡ ♦❢ ❡♥❡r❣② ✐♥ t❤❡ manipūra ❝❛❦r❛
.
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✻✳✹✺

Śam. yu Bārhaspatya | ✶✕✷✽✱✸✵✕✸✷ Gāyatrı̄✱ ✷✾ Atinicr.t✱ ✸✸ Anus..tubh

| t♦ Indra

yá ā´nayatparāvátah. súnı̄tı̄ turváśam

. yádum |
ı́ndrah. sá no yúvā sákhā || 1 ||

avipré cidváyo dádhadanāśúnā cidárvatā |

. dhánam || 2 ||
ı́ndro jétā hitám

mah´ı̄rasya prán.ı̄tayah. pūrv´ı̄rutá práśastayah. |

nā´sya ks.ı̄yanta ūtáyah. || 3 ||

sákhāyo bráhmavāhasé ′rcata prá ca gāyata |

sá hı́ nah. prámatirmah´ı̄ || 4 ||

tvámékasya vr.trahannavitā´ dváyorasi |

utédŕ.śe yáthā vayám || 5 ||

náyas´ı̄dváti dvı́s.ah. kr.n.ós.yukthaśam

. sı́nah. |
nŕ.bhih. suv´ı̄ra ucyase || 6 ||

brahmā´n.am. bráhmavāhasam . gı̄rbhı́h. sákhāyamr.gmı́yam |

gā´m
. ná doháse huve || 7 ||

yásya vı́śvāni hástayorūcúrvásūni nı́ dvitā´ |

vı̄rásya pr.tanās.áhah. || 8 ||

vı́ dr...dhā´ni cidadrivo jánānām

. śacı̄pate |
vr.há māyā´ anānata || 9 ||

. pate |
támu tvā satya somapā ı́ndra vājānām
áhūmahi śravasyávah. || 10 ||

támu tvā yáh. purā´sitha yó vā nūnám

. hité dháne |
hávyah. sá śrudhı̄ hávam || 11 ||
 ✼✺✾

✶✳ ❲❤♦ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❣♦♦❞ ❣✉✐❞❛♥❝❡

❣✉✐❞❡❞ ❤❡r❡ ❢r♦♠ ❛❢❛r Turvaśa✱ Yadu ✖
s✉❝❤ Indra ✐s ♦✉r ②♦✉♥❣ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥✳
✷✳ ■♠♣❛rt✐♥❣ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❛♥❞ ❜♦❞✐❧② ✈✐❣♦✉r
❡✈❡♥ t♦ ♥♦t ✐♥✇❛r❞❧② ❡①❝✐t❡❞ ♦♥❡✱
❡✈❡♥ ✇✐t❤ ♥♦t✲q✉✐❝❦ ❝♦✉rs❡r
Indra ✇✐❧❧ ✇✐♥ ♣r♦♣♦s❡❞ ❝♦♥t❡st✳
✸✳ P♦t❡♥t ❬✐s❪ ❤✐s ❣✉✐❞❛♥❝❡✱
❛♥❞ ♠❛♥② ❬❛r❡ ❤✐s❪ ❝♦♠♣❡t❡♥❝✐❡s✳
❍✐s s✐❞❡✲❡✛❡❝ts ❛r❡ ♥♦t ❞❡❝r❡❛s❡❞✳
✖✖
✹✳ ❖ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s✱ r❡❝✐t❡ ✈❡rs❡s ❛♥❞ ❝❤❛♥t
t♦ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ✐s ❝♦♥✈❡②❡❞ ❜② ❛ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥✱
s✐♥❝❡ ❢♦r ✉s ❤❡ ✐s ❛ ♣♦t❡♥t ❢♦r❡s❡❡✐♥❣ ❝❛r❡✳
✺✳ ❚❤♦✉✱ ❖ s❧❛②❡r ♦❢ Vr.tra✱
❛r❡ ❤❡❧♣✐♥❣ ❬♦♥❧②❪ ♦♥❡ ♦❢ t✇♦ ❬♦♣♣♦s✐♥❣ ❡❛❝❤ ♦t❤❡r s✐❞❡s❪
❛♥❞ t♦ t❤❡ ❡♥❞♦✇❡❞ ✇✐t❤ s✉❝❤ q✉❛❧✐t✐❡s ❛s ✇❡ ❬❛r❡❪✳
✻✳ ❏✉st t❤♦✉ ❧❡❛❞ ❜❡②♦♥❞ ❤❛tr❡❞s✱
t❤♦✉ ❝r❡❛t❡ r❡❝✐t❡rs ♦❢ ✈❡rs❡s❀
t❤♦✉ ❛r❡ s❛✐❞ ❜② ♠❡♥ t♦ ❜❡ ✈❡r② ♠❛♥❧②✳
✼✳ ■ ❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t♦r ✇❤♦ ✐s ❝♦♥✈❡②❡❞ ❜② ❛ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥
✇✐t❤ ❝❤❛♥ts ■ ❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥ t♦✲❜❡✲♣r❛✐s❡❞✲✐♥✲✈❡rs❡s ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥ ✖
❛s ✐❢ ✉♣♦♥ ❛ ❝♦✇ ❢♦r ♠✐❧❦✐♥❣ ✖
✽✳ ✐♥t♦ ✇❤♦s❡ ❤❛♥❞s✱ t❤❡② s❛✐❞✱
❛❧❧ ❜❡♥❡✜ts ✇❡r❡ ❝❡rt❛✐♥❧② ❬♣❧❛❝❡❞❪✱
❬✐♥t♦ t❤❡ ❤❛♥❞s❪ ♦❢ ✈✐❝t♦r✐♦✉s ✐♥ ❜❛tt❧❡s ❤❡r♦✳
✾✳ ❯♣r♦♦t ❞❡❝❡♣t✐✈❡ ❝♦♥str✉❝ts✱ ❖ ♠❛st❡r ♦❢ ♠✐❣❤t② ❛ss✐st❛♥❝❡✱
❡✈❡♥ ✜r♠❬❧② ❤❡❧❞❪✱ ❖ st♦♥❡✲✇✐❡❧❞❡r✱
❬❜❡❧✐❡❢s ❪ ♦❢ ❬t❤❡s❡❪ ♣❡rs♦♥s
✶
❖ ♥♦t✲❜❡♥❞✐♥❣✲❬t♦ ♦t❤❡r✬s✲✇✐❧❧❪ ♦♥❡✦
✖✖
✶✵✳ ❙✉❝❤ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ ❛❝t✉❛❧ Soma✲❞r✐♥❦❡r✱
❖ Indra✱ ❖ ♠❛st❡r ♦❢ r✉s❤❡s ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱
t❤♦s❡ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ ❢❛♠❡ ✐♥✈♦❦❡✳
✷
✶✶✳ ❚❤❡❡ ✇❤♦ ❤❛s ❜❡❡♥ s✉❝❤ ❜❡❢♦r❡✱
❛♥❞ ✇❤♦ ❬✇✐❧❧ ❜❡ s✉❝❤❪ ❛t ♣r❡s❡♥t✱ ❞✉r✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♣r♦♣♦s❡❞ ❝♦♥t❡st✱
s✉❝❤ t❤♦✉ ❬✐s❪ t♦ ❜❡ s✉♠♠♦♥❡❞❀ ❤❡❛r ❬t❤✐s❪ ✐♥✈♦❝❛t✐♦♥✦
✶ ❜❡❧✐❡❢s t❤❛t ❛r❡ str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞s ♦❢ s❡❧❢
✷ ♦r✱ ✏❛✉❞✐t♦r② ✐♠♣r❡ss✐♦♥✑
✼✻✵

dhı̄bhı́rárvadbhirárvato vā´jām̃
. indra śravā´yyān |
tváyā jes.ma hitám
. dhánam || 12 ||

ábhūru vı̄ra girvan.o mahā´m̃

. indra dháne hité |
bháre vitantasā´yyah. || 13 ||

yā´ ta ūtı́ramitrahanmaks.ū´javastamā´sati |
táyā no hinuhı̄ rátham || 14 ||

sá ráthena rath´ı̄tamo ′smā´kenābhiyúgvanā |

. dhánam || 15 ||
jés.i jis.n.o hitám

yá éka ı́ttámu .s.tuhi kr..s.tı̄nā´m

. vı́cars.an.ih. |
pátirjajñé vŕ..sakratuh. || 16 ||

yó gr.n.atā´mı́dā´sithāpı́rūt´ı̄ śiváh. sákhā |

sá tvám. na indra mr...daya || 17 ||

dhis.vá vájram . gábhastyo raks.ohátyāya vajrivah. |

sāsahı̄s..thā´ abhı́ spŕ.dhah. || 18 ||

. rayı̄n.ā´m
pratnám . yújam
. sákhāyam . kı̄ricódanam |
bráhmavāhastamam . huve || 19 ||

sá hı́ vı́śvāni pā´rthivām̃

. éko vásūni pátyate |
gı́rvan.astamo ádhriguh. || 20 ||

sá no niyúdbhirā´ pr.n.a kā´mam

. vā´jebhiraśvı́bhih. |
gómadbhirgopate dhr..sát || 21 ||
 ✼✻✶

✶✷✳ ❯s✐♥❣ ❢❛st✲♣❛❝❡❞ ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥s✱ ❬❡♠♣❧♦②✐♥❣❪

t♦✲❜❡✲♣r❛✐s❡❞ ❤❛st✐♥❣ r✉s❤❡s ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱ ❖ Indra✱
❬❤❡❧♣❡❞❪ ❜② t❤❡❡✱ ✇❡ ✇✐♥ t❤❡ ♣r♦♣♦s❡❞ ❝♦♥t❡st✳
✶✸✳ ❚❤♦✉✱ ❧♦♥❣✐♥❣ ❢♦r ❛ s♦♥❣ ❤❡r♦✱ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ♠✐❣❤t②✱
❖ Indra✱ ❞✉r✐♥❣ ❛♥ ❛rr❛♥❣❡❞ ❝♦♥t❡st✱
❬❜❡❝♦♠❡❪ ✇♦rt❤ t♦ ❜❡ t✉ss❧❡❞ ♦✈❡r ✐♥ ❜❛tt❧❡s✳
✶✹✳ ❲❤✐❝❤ t❤② ✇❛② ♦❢ ❤❡❧♣✐♥❣✱ ❖ s❧❛②❡r ♦❢ ❤♦st✐❧❡s✱
❝♦♠❡s ❛s t❤❡ ♠♦st ♣r♦♠♣t✱
✇✐t❤ t❤❛t ♦♥❡ ✐♠♣❡❧ ♦✉r ❝❤❛r✐♦t✦
✶✺✳ ❙✉❝❤ ✖ ❜❡st ♣♦ss❡ss♦r ♦❢ ❝❤❛r✐♦ts ✖
✉s✐♥❣ ♦✉r ❡♥❣❛❣❡❞ ✐♥ ❬t❤❡ ❝♦♥t❡st❪ ❝❤❛r✐♦t✱
t❤♦✉✱ ❖ r✐❝❤ ✐♥ ✈✐❝t♦r✐❡s ♦♥❡✱ ✇✐♥ t❤❡ ♣r♦♣♦s❡❞ ❝♦♥t❡st✳
✖✖
✶✻✳ ❲❤♦ ✐s ❥✉st ♦♥❡ ❬♦❢ ❛ ❦✐♥❞❪✱ ❤✐♠ ❡①t♦❧✦
❍❡✱ ❜❡✐♥❣ r❡s♦✉r❝❡❢✉❧ ❛s t❤❡ ❜✉❧❧ ✱ ❤❛s ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❡❞ ❤✐♠s❡❧❢ ❬❛s❪
✸
❞✐s❡♥❣❛❣✐♥❣ ♦✈❡rs❡❡r ♦❢ tr✐❜❡s✳
✹
✶✼✳ ❲❤♦ ❤❛s ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❛♥ ❛❧❧② ♦❢ ♦♥❧② ❡①t♦❧❧✐♥❣ ❬❤✐♠ ♠❡♥❪✱
❛ ❞❡str♦②✐♥❣ r❡❛❝t✐✈❡ ✐♠♣✉❧s✐✈❡♥❡ss ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥
✇✐t❤ ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❤❡❧♣✐♥❣ ✖
s✉❝❤ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❜❡ ❦✐♥❞ t♦ ✉s✦
✶✽✳ P✉t t❤❡ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t ✐♥t♦ ❤❛♥❞s
t♦ s❧❛② ❣✉❛r❞✐♥❣ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡s✱ ❖ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲❜❡❛r❡r✦
❚❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ ♦✈❡r❝♦♠❡ ❛❞✈❡rs❛r✐❡s ❛❣❛✐♥ ❛♥❞ ❛❣❛✐♥✦
✖✖
✶✾✳ ■ ❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ✐s ❜❡st ❝♦♥✈❡②❡❞ ❜② ❛ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥✱
✐♥s♣✐r✐♥❣ ♣r❛✐s❡rs ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥✱
♣r✐♠♦r❞✐❛❧ ②♦❦❡♠❛t❡ ♦❢ tr❡❛s✉r❡s✳
✷✵✳ ❙✐♥❝❡ ❤❡ ❛❧♦♥❡ ❝♦♥tr♦❧s ❛❧❧ ❡❛rt❤❧② ❜❡♥❡✜ts✱
❤❡✱ ✇❤♦ ✐s t❤❡ ♠♦st ❧♦♥❣✐♥❣ ❢♦r ❛ ❝❤❛♥t✱ ❬✐s❪ ✐rr❡s✐st✐❜❧❡✳
✷✶✳ ❙✉❝❤ ✖ ❞❛r✐♥❣ ✖ s❛t✐s❢② ♦✉r ❧♦♥❣✐♥❣ ✇✐t❤ ✐♥♥❛t❡ ❬✇❛t❡rs❪✱
✇✐t❤ ❡♠♣❧♦②✐♥❣ ❤♦rs❡s r✉s❤❡s ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱
✺
t❤❛t ❛r❡ r✐❝❤ ✐♥ ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ✇♦r❞s ✱ ✻
❖ ♠❛st❡r ♦❢ ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s ✦ ✼
✖✖
✸ Soma
✹ ✏❞✐s❡♥❣❛❣✐♥❣ ♦✈❡rs❡❡r✑ ✖ ♣r♦❜✳ ♠❡❛♥s ✏r❡s♦❧✈✐♥❣ ❝♦♥✢✐❝ts ❜❡t✇❡❡♥ ❛❧❧✐❡❞
tr✐❜❡s✑
✺ t❤❛t ✐s✱ ❡♠♣❧♦②✐♥❣ r❛♣✐❞ str♦♥❣ ♣✉❧s❡ t❤r♦✉❣❤♦✉t t❤❡ ❜♦❞②
✻ ❧✐t✳ ✏❝♦✇s✑
✼ ❧✐t✳ ✏❝♦✇s✑
✼✻✷

tádvo gāya suté sácā puruhūtā´ya sátvane |

. yádgáve ná śākı́ne || 22 ||
śám

ná ghā vásurnı́ yamate dānám . vā´jasya gómatah. |

yátsı̄múpa śrávadgı́rah. || 23 ||

kuvı́tsasya prá hı́ vrajám . dasyuhā´ gámat |

. gómantam
śácı̄bhirápa no varat || 24 ||

imā´ u tvā śatakrato ′bhı́ prá n.onuvurgı́rah. |

ı́ndra vatsám . ná mātárah. || 25 ||

dūn.ā´śam
. sakhyám. táva gaurasi
´ vı̄ra gavyaté |
áśvo aśvāyaté bhava || 26 ||

sá mandasvā hyándhaso rā´dhase tanvā` mahé |

ná stotā´ram
. nidé karah. || 27 ||

imā´ u tvā sutésute náks.ante girvan.o gı́rah. |

vatsám. gā´vo ná dhenávah. || 28 ||

purūtámam . purūn.ā´m
. stotr̄.n.ā´m
. vı́vāci |
vā´jebhirvājayatā´m || 29 ||

asmā´kamindra bhūtu te stómo vā´his..tho ántamah. |

asmā´nrāyé mahé hinu || 30 ||

ádhi br.búh. pan.ı̄nā´m

. várs.is..the mūrdhánnasthāt |
urúh. káks.o ná gāṅgyáh. || 31 ||

yásya vāyóriva dravádbhadrā´ rātı́h. sahasrı́n.ı̄ |

sadyó dānā´ya mám
. hate || 32 ||
 ✼✻✸

✷✷✳ ▲❡t t❤♦✉ s✐♥❣ ❛t ❛ ♣r❡ss✐♥❣ ❢♦r ②❡ t❤✐s

✇❤✐❝❤ ❢♦r ♠✉❝❤✲❝❛❧❧❡❞✲✉♣♦♥ ✜❣❤t❡r✱
❢♦r ❛s ❛❜❧❡ ❛s ❛♥ ♦① ♦♥❡✱ ❬✐s❪ ❛✉s♣✐❝✐♦✉s✳
✷✸✳ ❆t ❧❡❛st✱ t❤❡ ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧ ♦♥❡ ✇♦✉❧❞ ♥♦t ❤♦❧❞ ❜❛❝❦
t❤❡ ❣✐❢t ♦❢ r✐❝❤ ✐♥ ❝♦✇s r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r
✇❤❡♥ ❤❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❣✐✈❡ ❡❛r t♦ s✉❝❤ ❝❤❛♥ts✳
✷✹✳ ❚❤♦✉❣❤ ❤❡✱ s❧❛②✐♥❣ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡s t♦ s✉✛❡r ✇❛♥t✱
✇✐❧❧ s❡t ♦✉t t♦ r✐❝❤ ✐♥ ❝♦✇s ❡♥❝❧♦s✉r❡ ♦❢ ❛♥② ♦♥❡✱
✽
✇✐t❤ ❬❤✐s❪ ❡♥❛❜❧✐♥❣ ♣♦✇❡rs ❤❡ s❤❛❧❧ ✉♥❝♦✈❡r ❬✐t❪ ❢♦r ✉s✳
✖✖
✷✺✳ ❚❤❡s❡ ❝❤❛♥ts ❤❛✈❡ ❢♦✉♥❞ t❤❡✐r ✇❛②
t♦ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ✇✐❧❡s ♦♥❡✱
❧✐❦❡ ♠♦t❤❡rs t♦ ❛ ❝❛❧❢✳
✷✻✳ ▲✐❦❡✲♠✐♥❞❡❞♥❡ss ✇✐t❤ t❤❡❡ ✐s ❞✐✣❝✉❧t t♦ ❛tt❛✐♥❀
t❤♦✉✱ ❖ ❤❡r♦✱ ✐s ❛♥ ♦① ❢♦r ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ✐s s❡❡❦✐♥❣ ❝♦✇s✱
❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❛ st❛❧❧✐♦♥ ❢♦r ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ s❡❡❦s ❤♦rs❡s✦
✷✼✳ ❙✉❝❤ t❤♦✉ ✐♥✢❛♠❡ t❤②s❡❧❢ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ❤❡r❜
t♦ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❧✐s❤ ❜② t❤②s❡❧❢ t❤❡ str♦♥❣ ❞❡s✐r❡✱
❞♦ ♥♦t ♠❛❦❡ t❤❡ ❤②♠♥✲s✐♥❣❡r ❛♥ ♦❜❥❡❝t ♦❢ r✐❞✐❝✉❧❡✦✾
✷✽✳ ❆t ❡✈❡r② Soma ❧✐❜❛t✐♦♥ t❤❡s❡ ❝❤❛♥ts
❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ ❧♦♥❣✐♥❣ ❢♦r ❛ ❝❤❛♥t✱
❧✐❦❡ ❣✐✈✐♥❣ ♠✐❧❦ ❝♦✇s ❬❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤❪ ❛ ❝❛❧❢✱
✷✾✳ ❬t❤❡❡ ✇❤♦ ✐s❪ t❤❡ ❜❡st✲❛♠♦♥❣✲♠❛♥②
❛t ❛ s❤♦✉t✲❝♦♥t❡st ♦❢ ♠❛♥② ❤②♠♥✲s✐♥❣❡rs✱
✇✐t❤ r✉s❤❡s ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r ♦❢ t❤♦s❡ ❡♠♣❧♦②✐♥❣ ❛ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✳
✸✵✳ ▲❡t ♦✉r ❤②♠♥ ♦❢ ♣r❛✐s❡✱ ❜❡st ❝♦♥✈❡②✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡❡❪✱
❜❡❝♦♠❡s t❤❡ ♥❡❛r❡st ❬t♦ t❤❡❡❪✦
■♠♣❡❧ t❤❡ ❣r❡❛t tr❡❛s✉r❡ t♦✇❛r❞s ✉s✦ ✖✖
✸✶✳ Br.bu ❤❛s ❛s❝❡♥❞❡❞
✶✵
t❤❡ ✉♣♣❡r♠♦st s✉♠♠✐t ♦❢ t❤❡ ♥✐❣❣❛r❞s
❬t❤❛t ✐s❪ s♣❛❝✐♦✉s ❛s t❤❡ ❧✉r❦✐♥❣ ♣❧❛❝❡ ♦♥ t❤❡ ●❛♥❣❡s✱
✸✷✳ ♦❢ ✇❤✐❝❤ ❛✉s♣✐❝✐♦✉s t❤♦✉s❛♥❞❢♦❧❞ ❣✐❢t
s❤❛❧❧ ❤❛st❡♥ ❧✐❦❡ ❬t❤❛t❪ ♦❢ Vāyu✳
■♥ ❛♥ ✐♥st❛♥t ✐t ✐♥❝r❡❛s❡s t♦ ❜❡st♦✇ ❬t❤❛t ❣✐❢t❪✳

✽ ❂ ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s
✾ s❛♠❡ ❛s ✸✳✹✶✳✻
✶✵ ♠♦st ❧✐❦❡❧②✱ t❤❡ ✐♥♥❡r Soma
✼✻✹

tátsú no vı́śve aryá ā´ sádā gr.n.anti kārávah. |

br.búm. sahasradā´tamam . sūrı́m . sahasrasā´tamam || 33 ||
 ✼✻✺

✸✸✳ ❚❤❛t ♠✉❝❤ ❛❧❧ ♦❢ ✉s ❬❣❡t❪ ❢r♦♠ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ t❡♥❞s ✉♣✇❛r❞s✶✶ ❀
s✐♥❣❡rs ♦❢ ❡✉❧♦❣✐❡s ❛❧✇❛②s ❡①t♦❧✶✷
❜❡st ❛t ❣✐✈✐♥❣ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞s Br.bu ❬❛♥❞❪
❜❡st✲❛t✲♣r♦❝✉r✐♥❣✲t❤♦✉s❛♥❞❬✲❣✐❢ts❪ ✐♥st✐t✉t♦r ♦❢ t❤❡ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡✳

✶✶ t❤❛t ✐s✱ t❤❡ ✐♥♥❡r ❙♦♠❛

✶✷ t❤❡s❡ t✇♦ ❧✐♥❡s ❛r❡ t❤❡ s❛♠❡ ❛s ✽✳✾✹✳✸❛❜
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✻✳✹✻

. yu Bārhaspatya | Br.hatı̄ ❛❧t❡r♥❛t✐♥❣ ✇✐t❤ Satobr.hatı̄ | t♦ Indra

Śam

tvā´mı́ddhı́ hávāmahe sātā´ vā´jasya kārávah. |

tvā´m
. vr.trés.vindra sátpatim. nárastvā´m. kā´.s.thāsvàrvatah. || 1 ||

sá tvám. naścitra vajrahasta dhr..sn.uyā´ mahá stavānó adrivah. |

gā´máśvam
. rathyàmindra sám. kira satrā´ vā´jam. ná jigyús.e || 2 ||

yáh. satrāhā´ vı́cars.an.irı́ndram . hūmahe vayám |

. tám
sáhasramus.ka túvinr.mn.a sátpate bhávā samátsu no vr.dhé || 3 ||

bā´dhase jánānvr..sabhéva manyúnā ghŕ..sau mı̄..dhá .rcı̄s.ama |

asmā´kam. bodhyavitā´ mahādhané tanū´.svapsú sū´rye || 4 ||

. na ā´ bharam̃
ı́ndra jyés..tham . pápuri śrávah. |
. ójis..tham
yénemé citra vajrahasta ródası̄ óbhé suśipra prā´h. || 5 ||

tvā´mugrámávase cars.an.ı̄sáham . rā´jandevés.u hūmahe |

vı́śvā sú no vithurā´ pibdanā´ vaso ′mı́trānsus.áhānkr.dhi || 6 ||

yádindra nā´hus.ı̄s.vā´m̃
. ójo nr.mn.ám. ca kr..s.tı́s.u |
yádvā páñca ks.itı̄nā´m. dyumnám ´
ā bhara
satrā´ vı́śvāni paum
´ . syā || 7 ||

´ maghavandruhyā´vā´ jáne yátpūrau

yádvā tr.ks.au ´ kácca vŕ..sn.yam |
. nr..sā´hye mı́trānpr.tsú turván.e || 8 ||
′
asmábhyam . tádrirı̄hi sám
 ✼✻✼

✶✳ ❙✐♥❝❡ ✐t ✐s ❥✉st t❤❡❡ ✇❡✱ s✐♥❣❡rs ♦❢ ❡✉❧♦❣✐❡s✱

❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥ ✇❤❡♥ ♦❜t❛✐♥✐♥❣ ❛ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱
t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Indra✱ ♦✈❡rs❡❡r ♦❢ ✇❤❛t✬s r❡❛❧ ♠✐❞st ♦❜st❛❝❧❡s✱
t❤❡❡ ❬✇❡✱❪ ♠❡♥✱ ❬❜❡✐♥❣❪ ❝♦✉rs❡rs ♦♥ r❛❝❡tr❛❝❦s✱ ❬❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥❪✳
✷✳ ❙✉❝❤ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ ❝♦♥s♣✐❝✉♦✉s t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲✐♥✲❤❛♥❞ ♦♥❡✱
❜❡✐♥❣ ❞❛r✐♥❣❧② ♣r❛✐s❡❞ ❛s ♠✐❣❤t②✱ ❖ st♦♥❡✲✇✐❡❧❞❡r✱
t❤r♦✇ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ❢♦r ✉s ❛ ❝♦✇ ✱ ❛♥ ❛❝❝✉st♦♠❡❞ t♦ ❝❤❛r✐♦t ❤♦rs❡✱
✶
❖ Indra✱
❜② ❛❧❧ ♠❡❛♥s ❛ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r ✖ ❛s ✐❢ t♦ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ❤❛s ❝♦♥q✉❡r❡❞✦
✸✳ ❲❤♦ ❬✐s❪ ❛❧✇❛②s s❧❛②✐♥❣ ❬Vr.tra❪✱ ❞✐s❡♥❣❛❣✐♥❣✱
t❤❛t Indra ✇❡ s✉♠♠♦♥✳
❖ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞✲t❡st✐❝❧❡❞✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ♠✉❝❤ ❝♦✉r❛❣❡
♦✈❡rs❡❡r ♦❢ ✇❤❛t✬s r❡❛❧✦
❇❡❝♦♠❡ ❝♦♥❞✉❝✐✈❡ t♦ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥✐♥❣ ✉s ✐♥ ❝❧❛s❤❡s✦
✹✳ ❚❤♦✉ ❞r✐✈❡ ❛✇❛② ♣❡♦♣❧❡ ✖ ❧✐❦❡ r❡s❡♠❜❧✐♥❣ ❛ ❜✉❧❧ ❬✇❡❛♣♦♥s❪ ✖
✷
✇✐t❤ ❬t❤②❪ r❛❣❡ ✐♥ ❛ s♣✐r✐t❡❞ ❝♦♥t❡st✱ ❖ s♦✉❣❤t ✇✐t❤ ❛ ✈❡rs❡✦
■♥ ❛ ❣r❡❛t ❜❛tt❧❡ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ♦✉r ❤❡❧♣❡r
✐♥ ❬♦✉r❪ ❜♦❞✐❡s✱ ✐♥ ✇❛t❡rs ✱ ✐♥ t❤❡ s✉♥ ✳
✸ ✹
✺✳ ❖ Indra✱ ❜r✐♥❣ ❤❡r❡ ❢♦r ✉s
♠♦st ❡①❝❡❧❧❡♥t✱ ♠♦st ✜❡r❝❡✱ ❜♦✉♥t❡♦✉s ❛✉❞✐t♦r② ✐♠♣r❡ss✐♦♥
✇✐t❤ ✇❤✐❝❤✱ ❖ ♠❛♥✐❢♦❧❞ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲✐♥✲❤❛♥❞ ♦♥❡✱
t❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ ✜❧❧ ❜♦t❤ Rodas✲❡s✳
✻✳ ❚❤❡❡✱ ✇❤♦ ✐s ❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s✱ ♣r❡✈❛✐❧✐♥❣ ♦✈❡r t❤♦s❡
t❤❛t ❞r❛✇ t♦ t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s ✱
✺
❖ ❝❤✐❡❢t❛✐♥ ❛♠♦♥❣ deva✲s✱ ✇❡ s✉♠♠♦♥ t♦ ❤❡❧♣✳
◗✉✐❝❦❧② ❬♠❛❦❡❪ ✜r♠ ❛❧❧ ♦✉r s❤❛❦② ❬t❤✐♥❣s❪✱ ❖ ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧ ♦♥❡✱
♠❛❦❡ ❤♦st✐❧❡s ❡❛s②✲t♦✲♦✈❡r❝♦♠❡✦
✼✳ ❲❤❛t ✈✐❣♦✉r ❛♥❞ ❝♦✉r❛❣❡✱ ❖ Indra✱
❬t❤❡r❡ ✐s❪ ❛♠♦♥❣ ♥❡✐❣❤❜♦r✐♥❣ tr✐❜❡s✱
♦r ✇❤❛t ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ✜✈❡ ❝❧❛♥s ❬t❤❡r❡ ✐s❪✱
✻
❛❧✇❛②s ❜r✐♥❣ ❤❡r❡ ♠❛♥❧② str❡♥❣t❤s✦
✽✳ ❖r ✇❤❛t ✈✐r✐❧✐t② ❬✐s t❤❡r❡❪✱ ❖ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡✱ ✐♥ Tr.ks.i✱
Druhyu ♣❡♦♣❧❡✱ ❛♥❞ ✇❤❛t❡✈❡r ✐♥ ❛ ❝♦♠♠♦♥❡r✱
❣r❛♥t ✉s ❛❧❧ t❤❛t ❛t ❛ ♣r❡✈❛✐❧✐♥❣ ♦✈❡r ♠❡♥ ✖
t♦ ♦✈❡r♣♦✇❡r ❤♦st✐❧❡s ✐♥ ❜❛tt❧❡s✳
✶ ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥
✷ ❛❢t❡r ✷✳✶✻✳✻❜
✸ ❂ ✐♥♥❡r ✇❛t❡rs
✹ manipūra ❝❛❦r❛
.
✺ s❡♥s❡s
✻ ✏t❤❡ s❡♥s❡s✑
✼✻✽

ı́ndra tridhā´tu śaran.ám . svastimát |

. trivárūtham
chardı́ryacha maghávadbhyaśca máhyam . ca
yāváyā didyúmebhyah. || 9 ||

yé gavyatā´ mánasā śátrumādabhúrabhipraghnánti dhr..sn.uyā´ |

ádha smā no maghavannindra girvan.astanūpā´ ántamo bhava || 10 ||

ádha smā no vr.dhé bhavéndra nāyámavā yudhı́ |

yádantáriks.e patáyanti parn.ı́no didyávastigmámūrdhānah. || 11 ||

yátra śū´rāsastanvò vitanvaté priyā´ śárma pitr̄.n.ā´m |

ádha smā yacha tanvè táne ca chardı́racı́ttam . yāváya dvés.ah. || 12 ||

yádindra sárge árvataścodáyāse mahādhané |

asamané ádhvani vr.jiné pathı́ śyenā´m̃
. iva śravasyatáh. || 13 ||

sı́ndhūm̃. riva pravan.á āśuyā´ yató yádi klóśamánu .sván.i |

ā yé váyo ná várvr.tatyā´mis.i gr.bhı̄tā´ bāhvórgávi || 14 ||
´
 ✼✻✾

✾✳ ❖ Indra✱ ❝♦♥s✐st✐♥❣ ♦❢ t❤r❡❡ ❝♦♠♣♦♥❡♥ts✱

❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❤r❡❡ ❛r♠♦rs✱ ❝♦♥❢❡rr✐♥❣ ✇❡❧❧✲❜❡✐♥❣ s❤❡❧t❡r ✖
❛ ❢❡♥❝❡ ✖ ❤♦❧❞ ✉♣ ❢♦r ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡s ❛♥❞ ❢♦r ♠❡✦
❲❛r❞ ♦✛ ❛♥ ❛rr♦✇ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡s❡
✶✵✳ ✇❤♦ ✇✐t❤ ♠✐♥❞ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s✱
❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❞❡❝❡✐✈❡❞ t❤❡ ❢♦❡ ✱ ❞❛r✐♥❣❧② str✐❦❡ ❛t ❬✐t❪✳
✼
❚❤❡♥ ❛s ❡✈❡r✱ ❖ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ❧♦♥❣✐♥❣ ❢♦r ❛ s♦♥❣ Indra✱
❜❡❝♦♠❡ ♥❡❛r❡st ♣r♦t❡❝t♦r ♦❢ ♦✉r ❜♦❞✐❡s✦
✶✶✳ ❚❤❡♥ ❛s ❡✈❡r✱ ❜❡ ❝♦♥❞✉❝✐✈❡ t♦ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥✐♥❣ ✉s✱
❖ Indra✱ ❢❛✈♦r ❬♦✉r❪ ❧❡❛❞❡r ✐♥ ❛ ❝❧❛s❤
✇❤❡♥ ✢❡t❝❤❡❞ s❤❛r♣✲♣♦✐♥t❡❞ ❛rr♦✇s
✽
✢② t❤r♦✉❣❤ t❤❡ ✐♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ s♣❛❝❡ ✳ ✾
✶✷✳ ❲❤❡r❡✈❡r ❛❣❡♥ts ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡ str❡t❝❤ ❬t❤❡✐r❪ ❜♦❞✐❡s✱
❬❛♥❞❪ ❜❡❧♦✈❡❞ ❬str❡t❝❤❡s❪ r❡❢✉❣❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❢❛t❤❡rs ✱
✶✵ ✶✶
t❤❡♥ ❛s ❡✈❡r ❤♦❧❞ ✉♣ ❛ s❤❡❧t❡r
❢♦r ❛ ♣❡rs♦♥ ❛♥❞ ❬❤✐s❪ ♦✛s♣r✐♥❣s✱
❦❡❡♣ ❛✇❛② ❛♥ ✉♥♥♦t✐❝❡❞ ❤♦st✐❧✐t②✦
✶✸✳ ❲❤❡♥✱ ❖ Indra✱
❛t r❡❧❡❛s✐♥❣ ❬❤♦rs❡s❪ ❛t ❛ ❣r❡❛t r❛❝❡
t❤♦✉ ✐♠♣❡❧ ❝♦✉rs❡rs ♦♥ ❛♥ ✉♥❡✈❡♥ ❝♦✉rs❡✱
❧✐❦❡ ❤❛✇❦s ♦♥ ❛ ❝✉r✈❡❞ ♣❛t❤✱
✶✹✳ ❧✐❦❡ r✐✈❡rs ♠♦✈✐♥❣ q✉✐❝❦❧② ♦♥ ❛ s❧♦♣❡✱
✇❤❡♥ ❬t❤❡✐r s♦✉♥❞❪ ✐s ❡❝❤♦❡❞ ❛s s❤♦✉t✱
❬t❤❡ st❡❡❞s❪✱ ✇❤✐❝❤ ❧✐❦❡ ❜✐r❞s ♦✈❡r t✉r♥✐♥❣ ✐♥t♦ r❛✇ ✢❡s❤ ❝♦✇
❬❛r❡ ❝✐r❝❧✐♥❣ t❤❡ r❛❝❡ tr❛❝❦❪✱
❬❛r❡❪ ✜r♠❧② ❤❡❧❞ ✐♥ t✇♦ ❛r♠s ✖ ❬❤♦❧❞ ✉♣ t❤❡ s❤❡❧t❡r✦❪

✼ ♣r♦❜✳ Vrtra
.
✽ ❧✐t✳ ✏❤❛✈✐♥❣ ✇✐♥❣s✑
✾ ❛✐r
✶✵ ♣r♦❜✳ t❤❡ ❉❛✇♥ Usas✱ ♦r t❤❡ ◆✐❣❤t Rātri
.
✶✶ ✏r❡❢✉❣❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❢❛t❤❡rs✑ ✐s ♣r♦❜✳ ✏❞❛r❦ st❛rr② s❦②✑
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✻✳✹✼

Garga Bharadvāja | Tris..tubh ❡①❝❡♣t ✶✾ Br.hatı̄✱ ✷✸ Anus..tubh✱ ✷✹

Gāyatrı̄✱ ✷✺ Dvipāda✱ ✷✼ Jagatı̄ | t♦ Indra

svādús.kı́lāyám. mádhumām̃ . utā´yám.

tı̄vráh. kı́lāyám
. rásavā m̃
. ut ā´yám |
utó nvàsyá papivā´m . samı́ndram .
ná káścaná sahata āhavés.u || 1 ||

ayám. svādúrihá mádis..tha āsa yásyéndro vr.trahátye mamā´da |

purū´n.i yáścyautnā´ śámbarasya vı́ navatı́m
. náva ca dehyò hán || 2 ||

. me pı̄tá údiyarti vā´camayám

ayám . manı̄s.ā´muśat´ı̄majı̄gah. |
. .sá..durvı̄ramimı̄ta dhı̄ro ná yā´bhyo bhúvanam
ayám ´ ´ . káccanā´ré || 3 ||

ayám. sá yó varimā´n.am . pr.thivyā´

´
vars.mān.am . divó ákr.n.odayám. sáh. |
ayám. pı̄yū´.sam
. tisŕ..su pravátsu
sómo dādhārorvàntáriks.am || 4 ||

ayám. vidaccitradŕ.śı̄kamárn.ah.
śukrásadmanāmus.ásāmánı̄ke |
ayám. mahā´nmahatā´ skámbhanenód
dyā´mastabhnādvr..sabhó marútvān || 5 ||

dhr..sátpiba kaláśe sómamindra

vr.trahā´ śūra samaré vásūnām |
mā´dhyam . dine sávana ā´ vr..sasva
rayisthā´no rayı́masmā´su dhehi || 6 ||

ı́ndra prá n.ah. pura .etéva paśya

prá no naya pratarám . vásyo ácha |
bhávā supāró atipārayó no
bhávā súnı̄tirutá vāmánı̄tih. || 7 ||

urúm . no lokámánu nes.i vidvā´nsvàrvajjyótirábhayam. svastı́ |

r..svā´ ta indra sthávirasya bāhū´ úpa stheyāma śaran.ā´ br.hántā || 8 ||
 ✼✼✶

✶✳ ❆ss✉r❡❞❧② t❤✐s ✐s ♣❛❧❛t❛❜❧❡✱ ❛♥❞ t❤✐s ✐s r✐❝❤ ✐♥ ❤♦♥❡②✱

❛ss✉r❡❞❧② t❤✐s ✐s ♣✉♥❣❡♥t✱ ❛♥❞ t❤✐s ✐s ❢✉❧❧ ♦❢ s❛♣✳
❆♥❞ ♥♦✇✱ ❛t ❝❤❛❧❧❡♥❣❡s ❬t♦ ❛ ✜❣❤t❪✱ ♥♦ ♦♥❡
♣r❡✈❛✐❧s ♦✈❡r Indra ✇❤♦ ❤❛s ❞r✉♥❦ ♦❢ ✐t✳
✷✳ P❛❧❛t❛❜❧❡ ♦♥❡ ❤❛s ❜❡❝♦♠❡ t❤❡ s✇❡❡t❡st ✖ t❤✐s ❤❡r❡
✇❤✐❝❤ Indra ❤❛s r❡✈❡❧❡❞ ✐♥ t♦ s❧❛② Vr.tra ✖
❬Indra✱❪ ✇❤♦ s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ ❞✐s♣❡rs❡❞ ♠❛♥② ❝♦♥tr✐✈❛♥❝❡s
❛♥❞ ♥✐♥❡t② ♥✐♥❡ ✇❛❧❧s ♦❢ Śambara✳
✸✳ ❚❤✐s ♦♥❡ ✱ ❬✇❤❡♥ ✐t ✐s❪ ❞r✉♥❦✱ r♦✉s❡s ♠② s♣❡❡❝❤✱
✶
t❤✐s ♦♥❡ ❤❛s ❛✇❛❦❡♥❡❞ ❛♥ ❡❛❣❡r ❬❢♦r ❛❝t✐♦♥❪ ❝♦♥❝❡♣t✐♦♥✱
t❤✐s✱ ❢❛❝✐❧✐t❛t✐♥❣ ❝♦♥t❡♠♣❧❛t✐♦♥s ♦♥❡✱ ♠❛r❦❡❞ ♦✛ s✐① s♣❛❝❡s ✖
❬t❤❡r❡ ✐s❪ ♥♦ ✐♥ ❛♥② ✇❛② ❛ ♣❧❛❝❡ ♦❢ ❡①✐st❡♥❝❡ ❢❛r ❛✇❛② ❢r♦♠ t❤♦s❡✳
✹✳ ❙✉❝❤ t❤✐s ♦♥❡ t❤❛t ❡✛❡❝t❡❞ t❤❡ ❡①♣❛♥s❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤
✷
❬❛♥❞❪ t❤❡ ❤❡✐❣❤t ♦❢ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ✖ s✉❝❤ t❤✐s ♦♥❡
❬❡✛❡❝t❡❞❪ ❛♠❜r♦s✐❛ ❛t t❤r❡❡ ❤❡❛✈❡♥❧② ❤❡✐❣❤ts ✖
Soma ❤❛s ♠❛✐♥t❛✐♥❡❞ ✇✐❞❡ ✐♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ s♣❛❝❡✳
✺✳ ❚❤✐s ♦♥❡ ❤❛s ❢♦✉♥❞ ❝♦♥s♣✐❝✉♦✉s ✇♦rt❤②✲t♦✲❜❡❤♦❧❞
✢♦♦❞✐♥❣ ✇❛t❡rs
❛t ❛♣♣❡❛r❛♥❝❡ ♦❢ ❤❛✈✐♥❣✲t❤❡✲tr❛♥s❧✉❝❡♥t✲♦♥❡ ✲❛s✲t❤❡✲❛❜♦❞❡ ❞❛✇♥s✳
✸
❚❤✐s ♠✐❣❤t② ♦♥❡ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ♠✐❣❤t② ♣✐❧❧❛r ♣r♦♣♣❡❞ ✉♣ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥✱
❬❤❡✱❪ ❜❡✐♥❣ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② Marut✲s✱ r❡s❡♠❜❧✐♥❣ ❛ ❜✉❧❧✳
✻✳ ❉❛r✐♥❣✱ ❞♦ ❞r✐♥❦ t❤❡ Soma ✐♥ t❤❡ ❥❛r✱ ❖ Indra✦
❆t ❛ ❝♦♥✢✉❡♥❝❡ ♦❢ ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧ t❤✐♥❣s ❬t❤♦✉ ❛r❡❪ t❤❡ s❧❛②❡r ♦❢ Vr.tra✱
❖ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✦
❆t ❛ ♠✐❞❞❛② ♣r❡ss✐♥❣ ♣♦✉r ❢♦r t❤②s❡❧❢ ❬Soma❪✦
❇❡✐♥❣ ✐♥ t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡✱ ♣✉t t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡ ✐♥t♦ ✉s✦
✖✖
✼✳ ❖ Indra✱ ❢♦r ♦✉r s❛❦❡ ❧♦♦❦ ❢♦rt❤ ❛s ❛ ❧❡❛❞❡r✱
❣✉✐❞❡ ✉s ❢♦rt❤ t♦ ✇❤❛t ✐s ❜❡tt❡r✦
❇❡❝♦♠❡ ❣✐✈✐♥❣ ❛♥ ❡❛s② ♣❛ss❛❣❡ ❬❛♥❞❪ ♠♦r❡ t❤❛♥ s✉✣❝✐❡♥t ❢♦r ✉s✦
❇❡❝♦♠❡ ✇❡❧❧✲❣✉✐❞✐♥❣ ❛♥❞ str✐✈✐♥❣ t♦ ❣✉✐❞❡✦
✽✳ ❚❤♦✉✱ ❦♥♦✇✐♥❣✱ s❤❛❧❧ ❧❡❛❞ ✉s ❛❧♦♥❣ ❛ ✇✐❞❡ s♣❛❝❡
t♦✇❛r❞s ♣♦ss❡ss✐♥❣ svàr ❧✐❣❤t✱ ❢❡❛r❧❡ss♥❡ss✱ ✇❡❧❧✲❜❡✐♥❣✳
▼❛② ✇❡ st❛♥❞ ❝❧♦s❡ t♦ t❤❡ t✇♦ ❤❡❧♣✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❞✐r❡ str❛✐❣❤ts
♠✐❣❤t② ❛r♠s ♦❢ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Indra✱ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❡♥❞✉r✐♥❣ ♦♥❡✦

✶ ❡①tr❛❝t ♦❢ Soma
✷ Indra
✸ ❡①tr❛❝t ♦❢ Soma
✼✼✷

váris..the na indra vandhúre dhā

váhis..thayoh. śatāvannáśvayorā´ |
ı́s.amā´ vaks.ı̄s.ā´m
. várs.is..thām
.
mā´ nastārı̄nmaghavanrā´yo aryáh. || 9 ||

ı́ndra mr...dá máhyam. jı̄vā´tumicha

codáya dhı́yamáyaso ná dhā´rām |
yátkı́m. cāhám
. tvāyúridám . vádāmi
tájjus.asva kr.dhı́ mā devávantam || 10 ||

trātā´ramı́ndramavitā´ramı́ndram.
hávehave suhávam . śū´ramı́ndram |
hváyāmi śakrám
. puruhūtámı́ndram .
svastı́ no maghávā dhātvı́ndrah. || 11 ||

ı́ndrah. sutrā´mā svávām̃

. ávobhih.
sumr...dı̄kó bhavatu viśvávedāh. |
bā´dhatām. dvés.o ábhayam . kr.n.otu
suv´ı̄ryasya pátayah. syāma || 12 ||

tásya vayám . sumatau´ yajñı́yasyā´pi

bhadré saumanasé syāma |
sá sutrā´mā svávām̃
. ı́ndro asmé
ārā´cciddvés.ah. sanutáryuyotu || 13 ||

áva tvé indra praváto nórmı́r

gı́ro bráhmān.i niyúto dhavante |
urū´ ná rā´dhah. sávanā purū´n.yapó
gā´ vajrinyuvase sámı́ndūn || 14 ||
 ✼✼✸

✾✳ ❚❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ s❤❛❧❧ ♣❧❛❝❡ ✉s ✐♥t♦ t❤❡ ✇✐❞❡st ❝❤❛r✐♦t s❡❛t

♦♥ t✇♦ ❜❡st✲❞r❛✇✐♥❣ ❬✐t❪ ❤♦rs❡s✱ ❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞s ❬♦❢ t❤♦s❡❪✦
❙♦ t❤❛t t❤♦✉ ❢❡t❝❤ t❤❡ ♠♦st ❡①❝❡❧❧❡♥t ❞r❛✉❣❤t ♦❢ ❬❛❧❧❪ ❞r❛✉❣❤ts✱
❞♦ ♥♦t ♣❛ss ♦✈❡r ♦✉r r✐❝❤❡s ♦❢ t❡♥❞✐♥❣ ✉♣✇❛r❞s ♦♥❡ ✱
✹
❖ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡✦
✖✖
✶✵✳ ❇❡ ❦✐♥❞ t♦ ♠❡✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❛♥✐♠❛t❡ ❬♠❡❪ t♦ ❜❡ ❛❧✐✈❡✦
■♠♣❡❧ t❤❡ ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥ ❛s ✐❢ ❬✐t ✇❡r❡❪ ❛ ♠❡t❛❧ ❜❧❛❞❡✦
❆♥❞ ✇❤❛t❡✈❡r t❤✐s ❤❡r❡ ■✱ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ t❤❡❡✱ s❛②✱
t❤❛t ❡♥❥♦②✦ ▼❛❦❡ ♠❡ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② deva✲s✦
✶✶✳ Indra ❬✇❤♦ ✐s❪ ❛ ❞❡❢❡♥❞❡r✱
Indra ❬✇❤♦ ✐s❪ ❛ ❤❡❧♣❡r
Indra ❬✇❤♦❪ ❛t ✐♥✈♦❝❛t✐♦♥✲❛❢t❡r✲✐♥✈♦❝❛t✐♦♥
❬✐s❪ ❛♥ ❡❛s②✲t♦✲s✉♠♠♦♥ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡
■ ❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥ ✖ ♠✉❝❤ ✐♥✈♦❦❡❞ ❡♠♣♦✇❡r✐♥❣ Indra✳
▼❛② ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s Indra s❡t ✉♣ ❢♦r ✉s ✇❡❧❧✲❜❡✐♥❣✦
✶✷✳ ▲❡t Indra ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❛ ❣♦♦❞ ♣r♦t❡❝t♦r✱
❛ ❣♦♦❞ ❤❡❧♣❡r ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❬❤✐s❪ ❢❛✈♦✉rs✱
✈❡r② ❝♦♠♣❛ss✐♦♥❛t❡ ♦♥❡
✇❤♦s❡ ❦♥♦✇❧❡❞❣❡ ✐s ❡♠❜r❛❝✐♥❣ ❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣✦
▲❡t ❤❡ r❡♣❡❧ ❤♦st✐❧✐t②✱ ❧❡t ❤❡ ❡✛❡❝t ❢❡❛r❧❡ss♥❡ss
❬s♦ t❤❛t❪ ✇❡ ❝♦✉❧❞ ❜❡ ♠❛st❡rs ♦❢ t❤❡ ♠❛♥❧② ✈✐❣♦✉r✦
✖✖
✶✸✳ ▼❛② ✇❡ ❜❡ ✐♥ ❣♦♦❞ ❣r❛❝❡s ♦❢ ❤✐♠ ❬✇❤♦ ✐s❪ ✇♦rt❤② ♦❢ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡
❛♥❞ ❛❧s♦ ✐♥ ❛✉s♣✐❝✐♦✉s ❝❤❡❡r❢✉❧♥❡ss✦
▲❡t Indra ✖ s✉❝❤ ❣♦♦❞ ♣r♦t❡❝t♦r✱ ❣♦♦❞ ❤❡❧♣❡r ❢♦r ✉s ✖
❡✈❡♥ ❢r♦♠ ❛❢❛r ❞r✐✈❡ ❛✇❛② ❬❛♥②❪ ❤♦st✐❧✐t②✳
✶✹✳ ■♥t♦ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Indra✱ s♦♥❣s✱ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥s ❛s t❡❛♠s
❤❛st❡♥ ❧✐❦❡ ❛ ✇❛✈❡ ❬❛❧♦♥❣❪ s❧♦♣❡s❀
❛s ❛♥ ❡①❝❡ss✐✈❡ s❛t✐s❢❛❝t✐♦♥ ♦❢ t❤②✱ ❖ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲✇✐❡❧❞❡r✱
❞❡s✐r❡ t❤♦✉ t❛❦❡ ✐♥t♦ t❤②s❡❧❢
♠❛♥② ♣r❡ss✐♥❣s✱ ✇❛t❡rs✱ ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s ✱
✺
❞r♦♣s ♦❢ ♣✉r❡ Soma✳
✖✖

✹ ✐♥♥❡r Soma
✺ ❧✐t✳ ✏❝♦✇s✑
✼✼✹

ká ı̄m. stavatkáh. pr.n.ātkó yajāte

yádugrámı́nmaghávā viśváhā´vet |
pā´dāviva prahárannanyámanyam .
kr.n.óti pū´rvamáparam . śácı̄bhih. || 15 ||

śr.n.vé vı̄rá ugrámugram. damāyánnanyámanyam

atinenı̄yámānah. |
edhamānadvı́..dubháyasya rā´jā
cos.kūyáte vı́śa ı́ndro manus.yā`n || 16 ||

párā pū´rves.ām
. sakhyā´ vr.n.akti
vitárturān.o áparebhireti |
ánānubhūtı̄ravadhūnvānáh.
pūrv´ı̄rı́ndrah. śarádastartarı̄ti || 17 ||

rūpám. rūpam
. prátirūpo babhūva
tádasya rūpám. praticáks.an.āya |
ı́ndro māyā´bhih. pururū´pa ı̄yate
yuktā´ hyasya hárayah. śatā´ dáśa || 18 ||

yujānó harı́tā ráthe

bhū´ri tvás..tehá rājati |
kó viśvā´hā dvis.atáh. páks.a āsata
utā´sı̄nes.u sūrı́s.u || 19 ||
 ✼✼✺

✶✺✳ ❲❤♦ s❤❛❧❧ ❡①t♦❧ ❤✐♠✱ ✇❤♦ ✇♦✉❧❞ ✜❧❧ ❬❤✐♠❪✱

✇❤♦ ✇♦✉❧❞ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡ ❬t♦ ❤✐♠❪
✐❢ t❤❡ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡ ✇❡r❡ ❛❧✇❛②s ❤❡❧♣✐♥❣ ♦♥❧② ❛ ❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s ♦♥❡❄
▲✐❦❡ s♦♠❡♦♥❡ ♠♦✈✐♥❣ ❢♦rt❤ ❜♦t❤ ❢❡❡t ✖ ♦♥❡✲❛❢t❡r✲❛♥♦t❤❡r✱
✇✐t❤ ❬❤✐s❪ ❡♥❛❜❧✐♥❣ ♣♦✇❡rs ❤❡ ♠❛❦❡s ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ❢♦❧❧♦✇s
t♦ ❜❡ ✐♥ ❢r♦♥t✳
✶✻✳ ❚❤❡ ❤❡r♦ ✐s ❢❛♠❡❞ t♦ s✉❜❞✉❡ ❡✈❡r② ❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s ❬✇❛rr✐♦r❪❀
❤❡ ✐s ❝♦♥t✐♥✉❛❧❧② ❧❡❛❞✐♥❣ ♦♥❡ ❬✇❛rr✐♦r❪ ❛❢t❡r ❛♥♦t❤❡r
❜❡②♦♥❞ ❬✇❤❛t t❤❡② ❞❛r❡ t♦ ❞♦❪✳
❍♦st✐❧❡ t♦ t❤♦s❡ ✇❤♦ ❣r♦✇ ❜✐❣ ✇✐t❤ s❡❧❢✲✐♠♣♦rt❛♥❝❡ ✱ ✻
❬❜❡✐♥❣❪ ❝❤✐❡❢t❛✐♥ ♦❢ ❜♦t❤ ❬s✐❞❡s❪✱
Indra ❦❡❡♣s ♣r♦❞❞✐♥❣ ♠♦st ♠❛♥❧② ♦♥❡s ♦❢ ❛ tr✐❜❡✳
✶✼✳ ❍❡ ✉♣r♦♦ts ❬❤✐s❪ ♣r❡✈✐♦✉s r❡❧❛t✐♦♥s❤✐♣s ✇✐t❤ t❤♦s❡ ✐♥ ❢r♦♥t
❝♦♥t✐♥✉❛❧❧② ❞♦✉❜❧❡✲❝r♦ss✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡♠❪✱
✼
❤❡ ❣♦❡s ✇✐t❤ t❤♦s❡ ✐♥ t❤❡ r❡❛r✳
❙❤❛❦✐♥❣ ♦✛ ♠❛♥② ♥♦♥✲♠❡♠♦r❛❜❧❡ ❛✉t✉♠♥s
Indra ♣❛ss❡s ♦✈❡r ❬t♦ ❛♥♦t❤❡r ❛❞❡♣t❪✳
✖✖
✶✽✳ ❍❡ ❤❛s ❛ss✉♠❡❞ ❧✐❦❡♥❡ss t♦ ❛ ❢♦r♠ ❛❢t❡r ❢♦r♠ ❀ ✽
t❤✐s ❢♦r♠ ♦❢ ❤✐s ❬✐s ❥✉st❪ ❢♦r ❧♦♦❦✐♥❣ ❛t✳
❍❛✈✐♥❣ ♠✉❧t✐♣❧❡ ❢♦r♠s ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢
❬❤✐s❪ ♣♦✇❡rs t♦ ❢r❛♠❡ ❬❝♦❣♥✐t✐♦♥❪✱
Indra ✐s ❝♦♥t✐♥✉♦✉s❧② ♦♥ t❤❡ ♠♦✈❡
❜❡❝❛✉s❡ ❤✐s t❡♥ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s ❛r❡ ②♦❦❡❞✳
✶✾✳ ❘❡♣❡❛t❡❞❧② ②♦❦✐♥❣ t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s t♦ t❤❡ ❝❤❛r✐♦t✱
Tvas..t.r r✉❧❡s ❤❡r❡✳
❲❤♦ ❬✇♦✉❧❞❪ ❛❧✇❛②s r❡♠❛✐♥ ♦♥ t❤❡ s✐❞❡ ♦❢ ❛ ❤♦st✐❧❡ ♦♥❡❄
❆♥❞ ❛❧s♦ ❬✇❤♦ ✇♦✉❧❞ ❜❡ s✉❝❤❪ ❛♠♦♥❣ s❡❛t❡❞ ❬❤❡r❡❪
✐♥st✐t✉t♦rs ♦❢ t❤❡ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡❄
✖✖

✻ ❍♦st✐❧✐t② ♦❢ Indra t♦ t❤♦s❡ ✇❤♦ ❣r♦✇ ❜✐❣ ✇✐t❤ s❡❧✜♠♣♦rt❛♥❝❡ ✐s r❡❢♦r♠✉✲

❧❛t❡❞ ✐♥ Pratyabhijñā s②st❡♠ ❛s ❧❛❝❦ ♦❢ t❤❡ ✜❢t❤ ❛❝t✐♦♥ ♦❢ Śiva ✖ anugraha
✇❤✐❝❤ ❧❛❝❦ ❧♦❝❦s ❛ ♣❡rs♦♥ ✐♥t♦ ❤✐s ♣❡rs♦♥❛❧ st❛t✉s q✉♦ ♠✐♥❞s❡t ❜② ♠❡❛♥s
♦❢ t❤r❡❡ mala✲s ❤♦✇❡✈❡r ✐♥❛❞❡q✉❛t❡ t❤❡ ♠✐♥❞s❡t ♠✐❣❤t ❤❛✈❡ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ t♦ t❤❡
r❡❛❧✐t②✳
✼ ❂ vitarturāna ❢♦❧❧♦✇✐♥❣ ❬❏❛♠✐s♦♥ ❛♥❞ ❇r❡r❡t♦♥✱ ✷✵✶✹✱ ♣✳✽✸✼❪
.
✽ ✏❢♦r♠✑ ♣r♦❜✳ ❂ ✏❛♥✐♠❛❧ s♣✐r✐t t❤❛t ♣♦ss❡ss❡s ❛ ✇❛rr✐♦r✑
✼✼✻

agavyūtı́ ks.étramā´ganma devā

urv´ı̄ sat´ı̄ bhū´miram
. hūran.ā´bhūt |
bŕ.haspate prá cikitsā gávis..tāvitthā´
saté jaritrá indra pánthām || 20 ||

divédive sadŕ.śı̄ranyámárdham.
kr..sn.ā´ asedhadápa sádmano jā´h. |
áhandāsā´ vr..sabhó vasnayántodávraje
varcı́nam . śámbaram. ca || 21 ||

prastoká ı́nnú rā´dhasasta indra

dáśa kóśayı̄rdáśa vājı́no ′dāt |
dı́vodāsādatithigvásya rā´dhah.
śāmbarám . vásu prátyagrabhı̄s.ma || 22 ||

dáśā´śvāndáśa kóśāndáśa vástrā´dhibhojanā |

dáśo hiran.yapin.d.ā´ndı́vodāsādasānis.am || 23 ||

. gā´ átharvabhyah. |
dáśa ráthānprás..timatah. śatám
′
aśvatháh. pāyáve dāt || 24 ||

máhi rā´dho viśvájanyam. dádhānān

bharádvājānsārñjayó abhyàyas..ta || 25 ||

vánaspate vı̄d.vàṅgo hı́ bhūyā´

asmátsakhā pratáran.ah. suv´ı̄rah. |
. naddho asi vı̄..dáyasvāsthātā´
góbhih. sám
te jayatu jétvāni || 26 ||

diváspr.thivyā´h. páryója údbhr.tam .

vánaspátibhyah. páryā´bhr.tam . sáhah. |
apā´mojmā´nam . pári góbhirā´vr.tam
ı́ndrasya vájram . havı́s.ā rátham. yaja || 27 ||
 ✼✼✼

✷✵✳ ❲❡ ❝❛♠❡ t♦ ❛ r❡❣✐♦♥ t❤❛t ❧❛❝❦s ♣❛st✉r❡s✱ ❖ deva✲s✦

▲❛r❣❡ ❛❝t✉❛❧ t❡rr✐t♦r② t✉r♥❡❞ ♦✉t t♦ ❜❡ ❞✐str❡ss✐♥❣✳
❖ Br.haspati✱ ✐♥t❡♥t t♦ ♥♦t✐❝❡ ❬s♦♠❡❪ ✇❛② ❬t♦ s✉❝❝❡❡❞❪✱ ❖ Indra✱
❢♦r t❤❡ ♣r❡s❡♥t ✐♥✈♦❦❡r ❬✇❤♦ ✐s❪ t❤✉s ✐♥ ❛ ❢♦r❛② ❢♦r ❝♦✇s✳
✷✶✳ ❉❛②✲❛❢t❡r✲❞❛② s❛♠❡ s✐❣❤t✳ ❍❡ ❞✐❞ ❞r✐✈❡ ❛✇❛② ❢r♦♠ ❬t❤❡✐r❪ s❡❛t ✾
❜❧❛❝❦ ❞❡s❝❡♥❞❛♥ts ❬♦❢ t❤❡ ❞✐str❡ss❪ t♦ t❤❡ ♦t❤❡r s✐❞❡ ✱
✶✵ ✶✶
❤❡✱ ❛♣♣❡❛r✐♥❣ ❛s ❛ ❜✉❧❧✱ ❞✐❞ s❧❛② t✇♦ ❤❛❣❣❧✐♥❣ ✜❡♥❞s
❛t t❤❡ ❡♥❝❧♦s✉r❡ ♦❢ ✇❛t❡rs ✖ Varcin ❛♥❞ Śambara✳
✖✖
✷✷✳ ❊✈❡♥ ❤❡✱ ✇❤♦ ✐s ❜❡❢♦r❡ t❤❡ s♣❛r❦ ♦❢ t❤② ❢❛✈♦✉r✱ ❖ Indra✱
✶✷
❤❛s ❣✐✈❡♥ ❛t ♦♥❝❡ t❡♥ ♠❛r❡s✭❄✮✱
t❡♥ ❝❛♣❛❜❧❡ ♦❢ ❛ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r ❬st❛❧❧✐♦♥s❪✳
❋r♦♠ Divodāsa ✇❡ ❛❝❝❡♣t❡❞ t❤❡ ❣✐❢t ♦❢ Atithigva✱
t❤❡ ✇❡❛❧t❤ ❜❡❧♦♥❣✐♥❣ t♦ Śambara✳
✷✸✳ ❚❡♥ ❤♦rs❡s✱ t❡♥ ❝❛s❦s✱ t❡♥ ❣❛r♠❡♥ts✱ ❛❞❞✐t✐♦♥❛❧ ✐t❡♠s✱
❛♥❞ t❡♥ ❣♦❧❞ ✐♥❣♦ts ■ ♣r♦❝✉r❡❞ ❢r♦♠ Divodāsa✳
✷✹✳ ❚❡♥ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ s✐❞❡✲❤♦rs❡s ❝❤❛r✐♦ts
❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ❝♦✇s Aśvatha ❤❛s ❣✐✈❡♥ t♦
atharvan✲s✱ ❬❛♥❞❪ t♦ t❤❡ ♣r♦t❡❝t♦rs✳
✷✺✳ ❉❡s❝❡♥❞❛♥t ♦❢ Sr.ñjaya ❤♦♥♦r❡❞ ✇✐t❤ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡s Bharadvāja✲s
✇❤♦ ❛r❡ ❜❡st♦✇✐♥❣ ❛ ❣r❡❛t ❣✐❢t ❢♦r ❡✈❡r②♦♥❡ ❬t♦ ✉s❡❪✳
✖✖
✷✻✳ ❖ ❣♦✈❡r♥❡❞ ❜② ❛ ♠♦t✐✈❡ ♦♥❡✦
❙✐♥❝❡ t❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ✜r♠✲❧✐♠❜❡❞✱
❤❛✈✐♥❣ ✉s ❛s ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s✱ ❝❛rr②✐♥❣ ❢♦rt❤✱ ✈❡r② ♠❛♥❧②✱
t❤♦✉ ❛r❡ ❤❛r♥❡ss❡❞ ❜② ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s✳
▼❛❦❡ t❤②s❡❧❢ ✜r♠✦ ▲❡t ❤❡✱ ✇❤♦ st❛♥❞s ❜② t❤❡❡✱
❝♦♥q✉❡r ✇❤❛t ✐s t♦ ❜❡ ❝♦♥q✉❡r❡❞✦
✷✼✳ ❋r♦♠ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥✱ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤ t❤❡ ✈✐❣♦✉r ❬✐s❪ r❛✐s❡❞ ✉♣❀
❢r♦♠ ❣♦✈❡r♥✐♥❣ ♠♦t✐✈❡s ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ str❡♥❣t❤ ❬✐s❪ ❢❡t❝❤❡❞❀
t❤❡ ❡♥❡r❣② ♦❢ ❬✐♥♥❡r❪ ✇❛t❡rs ❬✐s❪ ❡♥❝♦♠♣❛ss❡❞ ❛❧❧ ❛r♦✉♥❞
❜② ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s ✳ ✶✸
❉♦ ❝♦♥s❡❝r❛t❡ ✇✐t❤ ❛♥ ♦❜❧❛t✐♦♥
Indra✬s t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t ❬❛♥❞❪ ❝❤❛r✐♦t✦
✖✖
✾ t❤❛t ✐s✱ t❤❡ ✜rst st❡♣ ♦❢ Visnu
..
✶✵ ❞❛r❦ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ♦❜s❝✉r❛t✐♦♥s ✖ s❡❡ ✾✳✻✻✳✷✹
✶✶ t❤❡ s❡❝♦♥❞ st❡♣ ♦❢ Visnu
..
✶✷ t❤❛t ✐s✱ ✏♥♦t ✐♥s♣✐r❡❞ ❜② Indra✑
✶✸ ❧✐t✳ ✏❝♦✇s✑
✼✼✽

ı́ndrasya vájro marútāmánı̄kam .

mitrásya gárbho várun.asya nā´bhih. |
sémā´m
. no havyádātim
. jus.ān.ó
déva ratha práti havyā´ gr.bhāya || 28 ||

úpa śvāsaya pr.thiv´ı̄mutá dyā´m.

purutrā´ te manutām . jágat |
. vı́s..thitam
sá dundubhe sajū´rı́ndren.a deváır
dūrā´ddávı̄yo ápa sedha śátrūn || 29 ||

ā´ krandaya bálamójo na ā´ dhā

nı́s..tanihi duritā´ bā´dhamānah. |
ápa protha dundubhe duchúnā itá
ı́ndrasya mus..tı́rasi vı̄..dáyasva || 30 ||

ā´mū´raja pratyā´vartayemā´h.
ketumáddundubhı́rvāvadı̄ti |
sámáśvaparn.āścáranti no náro ′smā´kam
indra rathı́no jayantu || 31 ||
 ✼✼✾

✷✽✳ Indra✬s t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✱ ❛♥ ❛♣♣❡❛r❛♥❝❡ ♦❢ Marut✬s✱

❛ ❣❡r♠ ♦❢ Mitra✱ t❤❡ ❥✉♥❝t✐♦♥ ♦❢ Varuna ✖
s✉❝❤✱ t❛❦✐♥❣ ♣❧❡❛s✉r❡ ✐♥ t❤✐s ♦✉r ❣✐❢t ♦❢.✇❤❛t ✐s t♦✲❜❡✲s✉♠♠♦♥❡❞✱
❖ ❞✐✈✐♥❡ ❝❤❛r✐♦t✱ r❡❝❡✐✈❡ t♦✲❜❡✲s✉♠♠♦♥❡❞ t❤✐♥❣s✦
✷✾✳ ▼❛❦❡ t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤ ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ❣❛s♣ ❢♦r ❛✐r✱
❧❡t ✇❤❛t ✐s ✜①❡❞ ❬❛♥❞❪ ✇❤❛t ✐s ♠♦✈✐♥❣
❦♥♦✇ t❤❡❡ ✐♥ ♠❛♥② ✇❛②s✦
❙✉❝❤✱ ❖ ❞r✉♠✱ ♠♦r❡♦✈❡r t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ Indra ❬❛♥❞❪ deva✲s✱
❞♦ ❞r✐✈❡ ❡♥❡♠✐❡s ❢❛rt❤❡st ❛✇❛②✦
✸✵✳ ▼❛❦❡ ❬♦✉r❪ str❡♥❣t❤ ❛❜s♦r❜ ❬t❤②❪ r♦❛r✱ ✐♥st✐❧❧ ✐♥t♦ ✉s ❢r❡♥③②✦
❉♦ r❡✈❡r❜❡r❛t❡ ♦✉t❬s✐❞❡ ♦❢ t❤②s❡❧❢❪ ❬t❤✉s❪ ♣r❡✈❡♥t✐♥❣ ❞✐✣❝✉❧t✐❡s✳
❇❧♦✇ ♦✛ ♠✐s❢♦rt✉♥❡s ❢r♦♠ ❤❡r❡✱ ❖ ❞r✉♠✱
t❤♦✉ ❛r❡ Indra✬s ✜st✱ ❢❛st❡♥ t❤②s❡❧❢✦
✸✶✳ ❉r✐✈❡ ❤❡r❡ t❤♦s❡ ✱ ♠❛❦❡ t❤❡s❡
✶✹ ✶✺
t✉r♥ ❜❛❝❦ ❛❣❛✐♥st ❬t❤❡✐r ❛✉t❤♦rs❪✦
❍❛✈✐♥❣ ❢♦❝✉s ❬♦❢ ❛tt❡♥t✐♦♥❪ ❞r✉♠ ❦❡❡♣s s♣❡❛❦✐♥❣✱
♦✉r ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❤♦rs❡s ❢♦r ✇✐♥❣s ♠❡♥ ❝♦♥❣r❡❣❛t❡✳
❖ Indra✱ ❧❡t ♦✉r ❝❤❛r✐♦t❡❡rs ❝♦♥q✉❡r✦

✶✹ ✐♥♥❡r ✇❛t❡rs
✶✺ ♠✐s❢♦rt✉♥❡s
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✻✳✺✼

Bharadvāja Barhaspatya | Gāyatrı̄ | t♦ Indra ❛♥❞ Pūs.an

. sakhyā´ya svastáye |
ı́ndrā nú pūs.án.ā vayám
huvéma vā´jasātaye || 1 ||

sómamanyá úpāsadatpā´tave camvòh. sutám |

karambhámanyá ichati || 2 ||

ajā´ anyásya váhnayo hárı̄ anyásya sámbhr.tā |

tā´bhyām
. vr.trā´n.i jighnate || 3 ||

yádı́ndro ánayadrı́to mah´ı̄rapó vŕ..santamah. |

tátra pūs.ā´bhavatsácā || 4 ||

tā´m
. pūs.n.áh. sumatı́m . vr.ks.ásya prá vayā´miva |
. vayám
ı́ndrasya cā´ rabhāmahe || 5 ||

. yuvāmahe bh´ı̄śūm̃
. riva sā´rathih. |
′
útpūs.án.am
mahyā´ ı́ndram . svastáye || 6 ||
 ✼✽✶

✶✳ ◆♦✇✱ ✇❡ ❝❛♥ ❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥ Indra ❬❛♥❞❪ Pūs.an

❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ ❢r✐❡♥❞s❤✐♣✱ ✇❡❧❧✲❜❡✐♥❣
❬❛♥❞❪ t♦ ♦❜t❛✐♥ ❛ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✳
✷✳ ❖♥❡ s❛t ♥❡❛r t♦ ❞r✐♥❦
❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ✐♥t♦ t✇♦ ❜♦✇❧s
✶ Soma✱
t❤❡ ♦t❤❡r s❡❡❦s ❣r✉❡❧✳
✸✳ ❉r❛✉❣❤t ❛♥✐♠❛❧s ♦❢ ♦♥❡ ❬❛r❡❪ ❤❡✲❣♦❛ts✱
♦❢ ♦t❤❡r ♦♥❡ ❬❛r❡❪ ♣r❡♣❛r❡❞ t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s✳
❚♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ t❤♦s❡ t✇♦ ❤❡ s❧❛②s ❛❧❧ vr.tra✲s✳
✹✳ ❲❤❡♥ ♠♦st ❜✉❧❧✐s❤ Indra
❞✐r❡❝t❡❞ ♣♦t❡♥t ✇❛t❡rs t♦ ✢♦✇✱
t❤❡♥ Pūs.an ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ♥❡❛r ❛t ❤❛♥❞✳
✺✳ ❚❤❛t ♦❢ Pūs.an✱ ❛♥❞ ♦❢ Indra ✖
❛♥ ❡✛❡❝t✐✈❡ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❣❡st✉r❡ ✇❡ t❛❦❡ ❤♦❧❞ ♦❢
❧✐❦❡ ❛ ❜r❛♥❝❤ ♦❢ ❛ tr❡❡✳
✻✳ ❲❡ ❞r❛✇ Pūs.an ✉♣✇❛r❞s
❧✐❦❡ ❝❤❛r✐♦t❡❡r ❬❞r❛✇s❪ r❡✐♥s✱
t♦✇❛r❞s Indra ❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ ❣r❡❛t❬❡r❪ ✇❡❧❧✲❜❡✐♥❣✳

❲❤❡♥ Indra r❡❧❡❛s❡s ♣♦t❡♥t ✐♥♥❡r ✇❛t❡rs✱ Pūs.an✱ ✐❢ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ✉♣♣❡r

❝❛❦r❛s ❛s ♠❛✐♥ ❧♦❝✉s ♦❢ ❝♦♥tr♦❧ ❛s Indra ❤❛s✱ ♣r♦✈✐❞❡s ❛ ♠❛♣ ♦❢
✐♥♥❡r ♣r♦♣r✐♦❝❡♣t✐✈❡ ❛♥❞ ❝♦❣♥✐t✐✈❡ s♣❛❝❡s t♦ ❛❧❧♦✇ ❛ ❜❡tt❡r ❝♦♥tr♦❧
♦❢ t❤❡ str❡❛♠s✳ ❲❤❛t ✐s t❤❛t ✏❣r✉❡❧✑ ✭karambha✮ t❤❛t ✐♥✈✐❣♦r❛t❡s
Pūs.an✱ ✐s ✉♥❝❧❡❛r✳

✶ t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤ ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✻✳✺✾

Bharadvāja Barhaspatya | ✶✕✻ Br.hatı̄✱ ✼✕✶✵ Anus..tubh | t♦ Indra

❛♥❞ Agni

. vı̄ryā` yā´ni cakráthuh. |

prá nú vocā sutés.u vām
hatā´so vām
. pitáro deváśatrava ı́ndrāgnı̄ j´ı̄vatho yuvám || 1 ||

bá..ditthā´ mahimā´ vāmı́ndrāgnı̄ pánis..tha ā´ |

samānó vām . janitā´ bhrā´tarā yuvám
. yamā´vihéhamātarā || 2 ||

okivā´m . áśvā sáptı̄ ivā´dane |

. sā suté sácām̃
ı́ndrā nvàgn´ı̄ ávasehá vajrı́n.ā vayám . devā´ havāmahe || 3 ||

. stávattés.vr.tāvr.dhā |
yá indrāgnı̄ sutés.u vām
. vádatah. pajrahos.in.ā ná devā bhasáthaścaná || 4 ||
jos.avākám

ı́ndrāgnı̄ kó asyá vām. dévau mártaściketati |

vı́s.ūco áśvānyuyujāná ı̄yata ékah. samāná ā´ ráthe || 5 ||

ı́ndrāgnı̄ apā´diyám . pū´rvā´gātpadvátı̄bhyah. |

hitv´ı̄ śı́ro jihváyā vā´vadaccárattrim . śátpadā´ nyakramı̄t || 6 ||

ı́ndrāgnı̄ ā´ hı́ tanvaté náro dhánvāni bāhvóh. |

mā´ no asmı́nmahādhané párā varktam . gávis..tis.u || 7 ||
 ✼✽✸

✶✳ ■ s❤❛❧❧ ♥♦✇✱ ❞✉r✐♥❣ ♣r❡ss✐♥❣s✱ ♣r♦❝❧❛✐♠

②♦✉r ❞❡❡❞s ♦❢ ✈❛❧♦r ✇❤✐❝❤ ②♦✉ t✇♦ ❤❛✈❡ ❞♦♥❡❀
s❧❛✐♥ ❬❛r❡❪ ②♦✉r ❤❛✈✐♥❣✲deva✲s✲❛s✲❡♥❡♠✐❡s ❢❛t❤❡rs✱
❖ Indra✕Agni✱ ❬❜✉t❪ ②♦✉ t✇♦ ❧✐✈❡✳
✷✳ ❈❡rt❛✐♥❧② ❬✐t ✐s❪ t❤✉s ✖ t❤❡ ♠♦st ❛st♦♥✐s❤✐♥❣ ❤❡r❡✱
❖ Indra✕Agni✱ ❬✐s❪ ②♦✉r ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ✐♥❝r❡❛s❡✲✐♥✲s✐③❡✳
❚❤❡ s❛♠❡ ✐s ♣r♦❣❡♥✐t♦r ♦❢ ②♦✉ t✇♦✱ ②♦✉ t✇♦ ❛r❡ ❜r♦t❤❡rs✱
t✇✐♥s ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ♦♥❡ ♠♦t❤❡r ❤❡r❡ ❛♥❞ ♦♥❡ t❤❡r❡✳
✖✖
✸✳ ❍❡r❡ ✇❡ ❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥ t✇♦ deva✲s ❛t ♦♥❝❡✱
t✇♦ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲✇✐❡❧❞❡rs ✖
Indra ❬❛♥❞❪ Agni t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ❬t❤❡✐r❪ ❢❛✈♦✉r
✇❤♦ ❤❛✈❡ t❛❦❡♥ ♣❧❡❛s✉r❡ ✐♥ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❬Soma❪
t♦❣❡t❤❡r ❧✐❦❡ t✇♦ st❡❡❞s ❞✉r✐♥❣ ❢❡❡❞✐♥❣✳
✹✳ ❲❤♦ s❤❛❧❧ ❡①t♦❧ ②♦✉ t✇♦✱ ❖ Indra✕Agni✱
❞✉r✐♥❣ t❤❡s❡ ♣r❡ss✐♥❣s✱ ❖ ♠❛❦✐♥❣✲.rta✲str♦♥❣❡r ♦♥❡s✱
②♦✉ t✇♦✱ ❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❢❛t ♦❜❧❛t✐♦♥s✱ ✇♦✉❧❞ ♥♦t ❛❜✉s❡
❛♣♣r♦✈✐♥❣ s♣❡❡❝❤ ♦❢ t❤❛t ♦♥❡ ✇❤♦ s♣❡❛❦s✱ ❖ deva✲s✦
✖✖
✺✳ ❖ Indra✕Agni✱ ✇❤✐❝❤ ♠♦rt❛❧
t❛❦❡s ♥♦t✐❝❡ ♦❢ t❤✐s ♦♥❡ ♦❢ ②♦✉ t✇♦✱ ❖ deva✲s❄✦
❍❛✈✐♥❣ ②♦❦❡❞ t✉r♥❡❞✲✐♥✲❛❧❧✲❞✐r❡❝t✐♦♥s ❤♦rs❡s✱ ❤❡✶ ❣♦❡s
❛❧♦♥❡ ❛❣❛✐♥ ❛♥❞ ❛❣❛✐♥ ♦♥ t❤❡ s❛♠❡ ❝❤❛r✐♦t✳
✻✳ ❖ Indra✕Agni✱ s❤❡✷ ✱ ✇❤♦ ✐s ✇✐t❤♦✉t ❢❡❡t✱
❤❛s ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤❡❞ ❜❡❢♦r❡ t❤♦s❡✸ ✇❤♦ ❤❛✈❡ ❢❡❡t✳
❍❛✈✐♥❣ ❛❜❛♥❞♦♥❡❞ t❤❡ t♦♣✹ ✱
s♣❡❛❦✐♥❣ ❛❣❛✐♥ ❛♥❞ ❛❣❛✐♥ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ t♦♥❣✉❡✱
❤❡ s❤❛❧❧ r♦❛♠✱ ❤❡ ❤❛s ♠❛❞❡ t❤✐rt② st❡♣s ✐♥t♦ ❬❄❪✳
✼✳ ❖ Indra✕Agni✱ s✐♥❝❡ ♠❡♥
str❡t❝❤ ❜♦✇s ❜❡t✇❡❡♥ ❬t❤❡✐r❪ ❛r♠s✱
❞♦ ♥♦t ♣✉❧❧ ✉s ❛s✐❞❡ ✐♥ t❤✐s ❣r❡❛t ❜❛tt❧❡✱
❬❛♥❞❪ ✐♥ ❢♦r❛②s ❢♦r ❝♦✇s✳
✖✖

✶ Indra ✖ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✻✳✹✼✳✶✽❝❞

✷ ♣r♦❜✳ t❤❡ ❞❛✇♥
✸ ♣r♦❜✳ ✇♦♠❡♥ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❝❧❛♥
✹ ♣r♦❜✳ ✏❤❛✈✐♥❣ r❡❧✐♥q✉✐s❤❡❞ ❝♦♥s❝✐♦✉s ❝♦♥tr♦❧✑
✼✽✹

ı́ndrāgnı̄ tápanti māghā´ aryó árātayah. |

. syā´ kr.tam
ápa dvés.ām . yuyutám. sū´ryādádhi || 8 ||

ı́ndrāgnı̄ yuvórápi vásu divyā´ni pā´rthivā |

ā´ na ihá prá yachatam . viśvā´yupos.asam || 9 ||
. rayı́m

ı́ndrāgnı̄ ukthavāhasā stómebhirhavanaśrutā |

vı́śvābhirgı̄rbhı́rā´ gatamasyá sómasya pı̄táye || 10 ||
 ✼✽✺

✽✳ ❖ Indra✕Agni✱ ✐♠♣✉r✐t✐❡s✱ ❤♦❧❞✐♥❣ ❬♠❡❪ ❜❛❝❦

❢r♦♠ ❤✐♠✺ ✇❤♦ t❡♥❞s ✉♣✇❛r❞s✱ ❜✉r♥ ♠❡✳
❖✛ ❬✇✐t❤❪ ❛✈❡rs✐♦♥s✦ ❬❨♦✉ t✇♦✱❪ ❞r✐✈❡ ❬t❤❡♠❪ ❤❡r❡✳
❑❡❡♣ ❬t❤❡♠❪ ❛✇❛② ❬✐♥ t❤❡ s♣❛❝❡s❪ ❛❜♦✈❡ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ s✉♥✻ ✦
✖✖
✾✳ ❖ Indra✕Agni✱ ②♦✉rs✱ ❜❡s✐❞❡ t❤❡ ❬❞✐r❡❝t❪ ❜❡♥❡✜t
❬❛r❡ ♠❛♥②❪ ❝❡❧❡st✐❛❧ ❛♥❞ ❡❛rt❤❧② ❬❜❡♥❡✜ts❪✳
❬❨♦✉ t✇♦✱❪ ❡①t❡♥❞ t♦✇❛r❞s ✉s ❤❡r❡
♥✉rt✉r✐♥❣ ❛❣✐t❛t✐♥❣ ❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣ tr❡❛s✉r❡✦
✶✵✳ ❖ Indra✕Agni✱ ❝♦♥✈❡②❡❞ ❜② ✈❡rs❡s✱
❧✐st❡♥✐♥❣ t♦ s✉♠♠♦♥s ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ❤②♠♥s ♦❢ ♣r❛✐s❡✦
❆♣♣r♦❛❝❤ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❛❧❧ t❤❡ ❝❤❛♥ts
t♦ ❞r✐♥❦ t❤✐s Soma✦

❚❤✐s ❤②♠♥ s❡❡♠s t♦ ❜❡ r❡❝✐t❡❞ ❞✉r✐♥❣ ✐♥✐t✐❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❛ ♥❡✇ ✜❣❤t❡r ✐♥t♦

❛ tr♦♦♣ ❜❡❢♦r❡ ❛ ♠✐❧✐t❛r② ❝❛♠♣❛✐❣♥✳ ❱❡rs❡s ✺✕✼ ❛r❡ t❤❡ ✐♥✐t✐❛t♦r②
✈❡rs❡s ❛♥❞ ✈❡rs❡ ✽ ✐s t❤❡ r❡s♣♦♥s❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ✐♥✐t✐❛t❡❞ ✜❣❤t❡r✳

✺ Soma
✻ manipūra ❝❛❦r❛
.
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✻✳✻✵

Bharadvāja Barhaspatya | ✶✕✸✱ ✶✸ Tris..tubh✱ ✹✕✶✷ Gāyatrı̄✱ ✶✹

Br.hatı̄✱ ✶✺ Anus..tubh | t♦ Indra ❛♥❞ Agni

śnáthadvr.trámutá sanoti vā´jam

ı́ndrā yó agn´ı̄ sáhurı̄ saparyā´t |
irajyántā vasavyàsya bhū´reh.
sáhastamā sáhasā vājayántā || 1 ||

tā´ yodhis..tamabhı́ gā´ indra nūnám

apáh. svàrus.áso agna ū..dhā´h. |
dı́śah. svàrus.ása indra citrā´
apó gā´ agne yuvase niyútvān || 2 ||

ā´ vr.trahan.ā vr.trahábhih. śús.mair

ı́ndra yātám. námobhiragne arvā´k |
yuvám . rādhobhirákavebhirindrā´gne
´
asmé bhavatamuttamébhih. || 3 ||

tā´ huve yáyoridám . purā´ kr.tám |

. papné vı́śvam
indrāgn´ı̄ ná mardhatah. || 4 ||

ugrā´ vighanı́nā mŕ.dha indrāgn´ı̄ havāmahe |

tā´ no mr...dāta ı̄dŕ.śe || 5 ||

ható vr.trā´n.yā´ryā ható dā´sāni sátpatı̄ |

ható vı́śvā ápa dvı́s.ah. || 6 ||

ı́ndrāgnı̄ yuvā´mimè ′bhı́ stómā anūs.ata |

pı́batam. śambhuvā sutám || 7 ||

yā´ vām
. sánti puruspŕ.ho niyúto dāśús.e narā |
ı́ndrāgnı̄ tā´bhirā´ gatam || 8 ||
 ✼✽✼

✶✳ ❍❡ s❤❛❧❧ ♣✐❡r❝❡ Vr.tra ✖ ❛♥❞ ❤❡ ♦❜t❛✐♥s t❤❡ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r ✖

✇❤♦ ✇❡r❡ t♦ ❛tt❡♥❞ t♦ ♦✈❡r♣♦✇❡r✐♥❣ Indra ❬❛♥❞❪ Agni
✇❤♦ t✇♦ ❛r❡ ♠❛st❡rs ♦❢ ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥t ❢r❡q✉❡♥t ❬r✉s❤❡s ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r❪✱
✇❤♦ t✇♦ ❤❛✈❡ t❤❡ ♠♦st ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ str❡♥❣t❤✱
✇❤♦ t✇♦ ❛r❡ ❡♠♣❧♦②✐♥❣ ❛ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r
❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ t❤❡ ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ str❡♥❣t❤✳
✖✖
✷✳ ❨♦✉ t✇♦ ❤❛✈❡ ❢♦✉❣❤t ✖ ♥♦✇ ❢♦r ❝♦✇s✶ ✱ ❬t❤♦✉❪✱ ❖ Indra✱
❢♦r ✇❛t❡rs✱ svàr✱ ❢♦r ❝❛rr✐❡❞ ♦✛ ❞❛✇♥s ✖ ❬t❤♦✉✱❪ ❖ Agni✦
❖ Indra✱ ❬♥♦✇ t❤♦✉ ❤❛r♥❡ss t♦ t❤②s❡❧❢❪ r♦✉t❡s✱ svàr✱
❞❛✇♥s✱ ♠❛♥✐❢♦❧❞ ✇❛t❡rs✱
t❤♦✉✱ ❖ Agni✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ✐♥♥❡r ❝♦♥♥❡❝t✐♦♥s✱
❤❛r♥❡ss t♦ t❤②s❡❧❢ ❝♦✇s✷ ✳
✸✳ ❖ t✇♦ s❧❛②❡rs ♦❢ Vr.tra✱ ❞♦ ❝♦♠❡ ❤✐t❤❡r
✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ❤❡❧♣ ♦❢ s❧❛②✐♥❣ Vr.tra
♠♦✉t❤✲❞r②✐♥❣ ❬❞r♦♣s ♦❢ Soma❪✱ ❖ Indra✱
✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ❤❡❧♣ ♦❢ r❡✈❡r❡♥t✐❛❧ s❛❧✉t❛t✐♦♥s✱ ❖ Agni✦
❉♦ ❛r✐s❡ ✐♥ ✉s✱ ②♦✉ t✇♦✱ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ♥♦♥✲st✐♥❣②
✉❧t✐♠❛t❡ s❛t✐s❢❛❝t✐♦♥s ♦❢ ❬♦✉r❪ ❞❡s✐r❡s✦
✖✖
✹✳ ■ ❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥ t❤♦s❡ t✇♦
✇❤♦s❡ t❤✐s ❡♥t✐r❡ ❛❝t✐♦♥ ■ ❛❞♠✐r❡❞ ❜❡❢♦r❡✳
❖ Indra✕Agni✱ ②♦✉ t✇♦ ❞♦ ♥♦t ❢♦rs❛❦❡ ❬✉s❪✳
✺✳ ❲❡ ❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥ ❬②♦✉ t✇♦❪✱ ❖ Indra✕Agni✱
❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ✇❛②s t♦ s❤❛tt❡r ✐♥❤✐❜✐t✐♦♥s ❬♦♥❡s❪✱
s✐♥❝❡ t❤♦s❡ t✇♦ ✇♦✉❧❞ ❜❡ ❢❛✈♦r❛❜❧❡
t♦ ❡♥❞♦✇❡❞ ✇✐t❤ s✉❝❤ q✉❛❧✐t✐❡s ❬❛s❪ ✉s✳
✻✳ ▼❛② t❤♦s❡ t✇♦ ❞❡str♦②
♦❜st❛❝❧❡s r❡❧❛t❡❞ t♦ ❝♦♥❞✉❝t✐♥❣ ✉♣✇❛r❞s ♦♥❡s✱
♠❛② t❤♦s❡ t✇♦ ❞❡str♦② ❬♦❜st❛❝❧❡s❪ r❡❧❛t❡❞ t♦ s❛✈❛❣❡s✱
❖ ♦✈❡rs❡❡rs ♦❢ ✇❤❛t✬s r❡❛❧✦
▼❛② t❤♦s❡ t✇♦ r❡♣❡❧ ❛❧❧ ❛✈❡rs✐♦♥s✳
✖✖
✼✳ ❖ Indra✕Agni✱ t❤❡s❡ ❤②♠♥s ♦❢ ♣r❛✐s❡
❤❛✈❡ ❢♦✉♥❞ t❤❡✐r ✇❛② t♦ ②♦✉ t✇♦❀
❞r✐♥❦✱ ❖ ❬②♦✉ t✇♦ ✇❤♦❪ ❛r❡ t❤❡ ❢♦rt✉♥❡ ❤❡rs❡❧❢✱ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❬Soma❪✦
✽✳ ❲❤✐❝❤ ❛r❡ ♠✉❝❤ ❞❡s✐r❡❞ ♦❢ ②♦✉ t✇♦
❬✇❤✐❝❤ ❛r❡❪ ✐♥♥❛t❡ t♦ t❤❡ ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡r✱ ❖ ♠❡♥✱
❖ Indra✕Agni✱ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ t❤♦s❡ ❬✐♥♥❡r ✇❛t❡rs❪ ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤✦
✶ ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s
✷ ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s
✼✽✽

tā´bhirā´ gachatam
. narópedám . sutám |
. sávanam
ı́ndrāgnı̄ sómapı̄taye || 9 ||

támı̄..dis.va yó arcı́s.ā vánā vı́śvā paris.vájat |

kr..sn.ā´ kr.n.óti jihváyā || 10 ||

yá iddhá āvı́vāsati sumnámı́ndrasya mártyah. |

dyumnā´ya sutárā apáh. || 11 ||

tā´ no vā´javatı̄rı́s.a āśū´npipr.tamárvatah. |

ı́ndramagnı́m . ca vó..dhave || 12 ||

ubhā´ vāmindrāgnı̄ āhuvádhyā

ubhā´ rā´dhasah. sahá mādayádhyai |
ubhā´ dātā´rāvis.ā´m
. rayı̄n.ā´m
ubhā´ ´
vājasya sātáye huve vām || 13 ||

ā´ no gávyebhiráśvyair
vasavyàırúpa gachatam |
sákhāyau devau´ sakhyā´ya
śambhúvendrāgn´ı̄ tā´ havāmahe || 14 ||

ı́ndrāgnı̄ śr.n.utám. hávam

.
yájamānasya sunvatáh. |
. havyā´nyā´ gatam
vı̄tám .
pı́batam. somyám . mádhu || 15 ||
 ✼✽✾

✾✳ ❇② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ t❤♦s❡✱ ❖ t✇♦ ♠❡♥✱ ❝♦♠❡ t♦

t❤✐s ♣r❡ss✐♥❣✱ t♦ t❤❡ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❬❥✉✐❝❡❪
❖ Indra✕Agni✱ ❢♦r ❛ ❞r❛✉❣❤t ♦❢ Soma✦
✖✖
✶✵✳ ■♠♣❧♦r❡ ❤✐♠✱ ✇❤♦ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ✢❛♠❡
s❤❛❧❧ ❡♠❜r❛❝❡ ❛❧❧ t✐♠❜❡rs✸
❬❛♥❞❪ ♠❛❦❡s ❬t❤❡♠❪ ❜❧❛❝❦❡♥❡❞ ✇✐t❤ ❬❤✐s❪ t♦♥❣✉❡✦
✶✶✳ ❲❤✐❝❤ ♠♦rt❛❧ ❞❡s✐r❡s t♦ ♣r♦❝✉r❡ ✐♥ t❤❡ ❦✐♥❞❧❡❞ ❬✐♥♥❡r Agni❪
❜❡♥❡✈♦❧❡♥❝❡ ♦❢ Indra✱
❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ ❬Agni✬s❪ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t❡
❬❤❡ s❤❛❧❧ ♠❛❦❡❪ t❤❡ ✇❛t❡rs tr❛♥s♣♦rt✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡♠ t✇♦❪ ❡❛s✐❧②✳
✶✷✳ ❚❤♦s❡ ♦✉r ❬❞❡s✐r❡s❪✱ ♣♦ss❡ss✐♥❣ t❤❡ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r ❧✐❜❛t✐♦♥s✱
s✇✐❢t ❤♦rs❡s✱ ❞♦ ②♦✉✹ t✇♦ ❜r✐♥❣ ♦✈❡r ✖
t♦ ❝♦♥✈❡② Indra ❛♥❞ Agni✳
✖✖
✶✸✳ ❚♦ s✉♠♠♦♥ ❜♦t❤ ♦❢ ②♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✕Agni✱
t♦ ♠❛❦❡ ❬②♦✉❪ ❜♦t❤ ❡①✉❧t t♦❣❡t❤❡r
❢r♦♠ s❛t✐s❢❛❝t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❬②♦✉r❪ ❞❡s✐r❡✱
❜♦t❤ ❣✐✈❡rs✺ ♦❢ ❞r❛✉❣❤ts✱ ♦❢ tr❡❛s✉r❡s✱
②♦✉ ❜♦t❤ ■ ❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥ t♦ ♦❜t❛✐♥ ②♦✉r r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✳
✶✹✳ ❬❨♦✉ t✇♦✱❪ ✈✐s✐t ✉s ✇✐t❤ ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥t ❝♦♥s✐st✐♥❣ ♦❢ ❤♦rs❡s✻ ✱
❝♦♥s✐st✐♥❣ ♦❢ ❝♦✇s✼ ❬❢❛✈♦✉rs❪✽ ✦
❲❡ ❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥ t❤♦s❡ t✇♦✱ Indra✕Agni✱
t✇♦ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s✱ t✇♦ deva✲s ✇❤♦ ❬❛r❡❪ t❤❡ ❢♦rt✉♥❡ ❤❡rs❡❧❢✳
✶✺✳ ❖ Indra✕Agni✱ ❞♦ ❧✐st❡♥ t♦ ✐♥✈♦❝❛t✐♦♥
♦❢ ♣r❡ss✐♥❣ ❬Soma❪ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡r✦
❙❡✐③❡ t❤❡ ♦❜❧❛t✐♦♥s✱ ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤✦
❉r✐♥❦ ❝♦♥t❛✐♥✐♥❣ Soma ❤♦♥❡②✦

✸ ♣r♦❜✳ ✏❞❡s✐r❡s✑
✹ ❡①t❡r♥❛❧ Agni ❛♥❞ Soma ❥✉✐❝❡ ✖ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✶✳✾✸✳✶✷
✺ Soma ❥✉✐❝❡ ❛♥❞ ❡①t❡r♥❛❧ Agni
✻ r❤②t❤♠s
✼ ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s
✽ rādhas✲❡s ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ✻✳✹✹✳✶✷❛❜
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✻✳✻✽

Bharadvāja Barhaspatya | ✶✕✽✱ ✶✶ Tris..tubh✱ ✾✕✶✵ Jagatı̄ | t♦ Indra

❛♥❞ Varun.a

śrus..t´ı̄ vām
. yajñá údyatah. sajós.ā
manus.vádvr.ktábarhis.o yájadhyai |
ā´ yá ı́ndrāvárun.āvis.é adyá
mahé sumnā´ya mahá āvavártat || 1 ||

tā´ hı́ śrés..thā devátātā tujā´

śū´rān.ām
. śávis..thā tā´ hı́ bhūtám |
maghónām . mám . his..thā tuviśús.ma
r.téna vr.tratúrā sárvasenā || 2 ||

tā´ gr.n.ı̄hi namasyèbhih. śūs.áıh.

sumnébhirı́ndrāvárun.ā cakānā´ |
vájren.ānyáh. śávasā hánti vr.trám
.
sı́s.aktyanyó vr.jánes.u vı́prah. || 3 ||

gnā´śca yánnáraśca vāvr.dhánta

vı́śve devā´so narā´m
. svágūrtāh. |
práıbhya indrāvarun.ā mahitvā´
dyauśca
´ pr.thivi bhūtamurv´ı̄ || 4 ||

sá ı́tsudā´nuh. svávām̃ . .rtā´véndrā

yó vām . varun . a d ´
ā śati tmán |
is.ā´ sá dvis.ástared dā´svān
vám . sadrayı́m . rayivátaśca jánān || 5 ||

yám
. yuvám. dāśvàdhvarāya devā
rayı́m
. dhatthó vásumantam . puruks.úm |
asmé sá indrāvarun.āvápi .syāt
prá yó bhanákti vanús.āmáśastı̄h. || 6 ||
 ✼✾✶

✶✳ ❆❝t✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❤❛r♠♦♥② ❬✇✐t❤ ❜♦t❤ ♦❢ ②♦✉❪ ✜r❡ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣ t♦ ②♦✉ t✇♦

✐s ✇✐❧❧✐♥❣❧② ✉♥❞❡rt❛❦❡♥
❛s ✐s ♠❡♥✬s ❝✉st♦♠✱ ❬✇✐t❤ ♦❜❧❛t✐♦♥s❪ ♦❢ ❤✐♠
✇❤♦s❡ s❛❝r✐✜❝✐❛❧ ❣r❛ss ❤❛s ❜❡❡♥ t✇✐st❡❞ ✐♥ ♦r❞❡r t♦ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡✱
❬♦❢ ❤✐♠❪ ✇❤♦ ❤❡r❡ t♦❞❛② s❤❛❧❧ ❞r❛✇ ♥❡❛r Indra ❛♥❞ Varun.a
❢♦r ❛ ❣r❡❛t ❧✐❜❛t✐♦♥ ❛♥❞ ❛ ❣r❡❛t ❢❛✈♦r✳
✷✳ ❙✐♥❝❡ t❤r♦✉❣❤♦✉t deva✲s✬ ♣r❡s❡♥❝❡
t❤♦s❡ t✇♦ ❬❛r❡❪ t❤❡ ❜❡st ❛t ✉r❣✐♥❣✱
s✐♥❝❡ ②♦✉ t✇♦✶ s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ s✉❝❤ ✖
❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♠♦st ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡ ♦❢ ❬❛❧❧❪ ❛❣❡♥ts ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱
♠♦st ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ❛♠♦♥❣ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡s✱ ❬❛♥❞❪ ❤❛✈✐♥❣✲♠✉❝❤✲❢❡r✈♦r✱
❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ .rta ❝♦♥t❡♥❞✐♥❣ ✇✐t❤ Vr.tra✱
❬❜❡✐♥❣❪ ❛s ❛♥ ❡♥t✐r❡ ❛r♠② ✖
✸✳ ❞♦ t❤♦✉ ❡①t♦❧ t❤♦s❡ t✇♦ ✇❤♦ ❛r❡ ♣❧❡❛s❡❞
✇✐t❤ ✈❡♥❡r❛❜❧❡✱ ❤✐❣❤✲s♣✐r✐t❡❞ ♠✐♥❞s❡ts ✖ Indra ❬❛♥❞❪ Varun.a✦
❇② t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡ ♦♥❡ s❧❛②s Vr.tra ✇✐t❤ ❛ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✱
❛♥♦t❤❡r✱ ✐♥✇❛r❞❧② ❡①❝✐t❡❞✱ ❛ss✐sts ✐♥ ❬s❛❝r✐✜❝✐❛❧❪ ❡♥❝❧♦s✉r❡s✳
✖✖
✹✳ ❲❤❡♥ ♠❡♥ ❛♥❞ ✇✐✈❡s ❣r♦✇ str♦♥❣✱
❛❧❧ deva✲s ❛r❡ s❡❧❢✲✐♥✈✐t✐♥❣ t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s t♦ ❛ ♠❛♥✳
Indra ❬❛♥❞❪ Varun.a ❬s❤❛❧❧ st❛♥❞❪ ♦✉t ❛♠♦♥❣ t❤❡♠
t❤r♦✉❣❤ ❬t❤❡✐r❪ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❡①♣❛♥❞✳
❖ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ❛♥❞ ❊❛rt❤✱ ②♦✉ t✇♦ s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ✇✐❞❡✦
✺✳ ❏✉st ❤❡ ✇❤♦ ✐s ❧✐❜❡r❛❧✱ ❛ ❣♦♦❞ ❤❡❧♣❡r✱ ✇❤♦ ❢✉rt❤❡rs .rta✱
✇❤♦ r❡❛❧❧② ❤♦♥♦rs Indra✱ Varun.a ✐♥ ❤✐s ♦✇♥ s❡❧❢✱
❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❛ ❧✐❜❛t✐♦♥✱ ❤❡✱ ❞✐s♣♦s❡❞ t♦ ❣✐✈❡✱
❝❛♥ tr❛♥s❝❡♥❞ ❛✈❡rs✐♦♥s✱
s♦ t❤❛t ❤❡ ✇♦✉❧❞ ♣❧❛❝❡ t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡✱
❛♥❞ ♣♦ss❡ss✐♥❣ r✐❝❤❡s ♣❡♦♣❧❡ ✇✐t❤✐♥ ❤✐s r❡❛❝❤✳
✻✳ ❲❤❛t r✐❝❤ ✐♥ ❜❡♥❡✜ts✱ ❣r❛♥t✐♥❣✲❬t❤❡♠❪✲❧✐❜❡r❛❧❧② tr❡❛s✉r❡✱
❖ t✇♦ deva✲s✱
②♦✉ t✇♦ ❜r✐♥❣ t♦ t❤❡ ♦♥❡ ✇❤♦ ❤♦♥♦rs ❬②♦✉❪
❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ♣r♦❝❡❡❞✐♥❣ ♦♥ ✐ts ✇❛② ❬s❛❝r✐✜❝❡❪ ✖
♠❛② t❤❛t ♦♥❡ ❜❡ ❛❧s♦ ❬s✉❝❤✷ ❪❢♦r ✉s✱ ❖ Indra✕Varun.a✱
❬t❤❛t ♦♥❡❪ ✇❤♦ ❜r❡❛❦s ❝✉rs❡s✸ ♦❢ t❤♦s❡ ❡❛❣❡r t♦ ❛tt❛❝❦✳

✶ t✇♦ ❛❞❡♣ts ♦❢ Indra

✷ ❣r❛♥t✐♥❣ ❜❡♥❡✜ts ❧✐❜❡r❛❧❧②
✸ ✉♥❤❡❧♣❢✉❧ ❞❡❢❡♥s✐✈❡ r❡❛❝t✐♦♥s tr✐❣❣❡r❡❞ ❜② ❛✇❛r❡♥❡ss ♦❢ ✐♠♣❡♥❞✐♥❣ ❛tt❛❝❦
✼✾✷

utá nah. sutrātró devágopāh.

sūrı́bhya indrāvarun.ā rayı́h. .syāt |
. śús.mah. pŕ.tanāsu sāhvā´n
yés.ām
prá sadyó dyumnā´ tiráte táturih. || 7 ||

nū´ na indrāvarun.ā gr.n.ānā´

pr.ṅktám . sauśravasā´ya devā |
. rayı́m
´
itthā gr.n.ánto mahı́nasya śárdho ′pó
ná nāvā´ duritā´ tarema || 8 ||

prá samrā´je br.haté mánma nú priyám

árca devā´ya várun.āya sapráthah. |
ayám. yá urv´ı̄ mahinā´ máhivratah.
krátvā vibhā´tyajáro ná śocı́s.ā || 9 ||

ı́ndrāvarun.ā sutapāvimám
. sutám .
sómam . pibatam . mádyam . dhr.tavratā |
yuvó rátho adhvarám . devávı̄taye
práti svásaramúpa yāti pı̄táye || 10 ||

ı́ndrāvarun.ā mádhumattamasya
vŕ..sn.ah. sómasya vr..san.ā´ vr..sethām |
idám . vāmándhah. páris.iktamasmé
āsádyāsmı́nbarhı́s.i mādayethām || 11 ||
 ✼✾✸

✼✳ ❆♥❞ ♠❛② t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡ ❜❡ ♦✉r ✇❡❧❧✲❞❡❢❡♥❞✐♥❣ ❞✐✈✐♥❡ ♣r♦t❡❝t♦r

❢♦r ✐♥st✐t✉t♦rs ♦❢ t❤❡ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡✱ ❖ Indra ❛♥❞ Varun.a✱
✇❤♦s❡ ❢❡r✈♦r✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ♣r❡✈❛✐❧❡❞ ✐♥ ❜❛tt❧❡s✱
❤❛✈✐♥❣ ✇❛②s t♦ ♦✈❡r❝♦♠❡ ❬♠❡♥t❛❧ ♦❜s❝✉r❛t✐♦♥s❪✱
✐♥ ❛♥ ✐♥st❛♥t ❡①t❡♥❞s ✐ts❡❧❢ t♦✇❛r❞s ♣♦✇❡rs t♦ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t❡✳
✽✳ ◆♦✇ ❢♦r ✉s✱ ❖ Indra✕Varun.a✱ ❜❡✐♥❣ ❡①t♦❧❧❡❞✱
❞♦ ♣✉t t♦❣❡t❤❡r ❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ ❛ ❤✐❣❤ ♣r❛✐s❡ t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡✱
❖ t✇♦ deva✲s✦
❚❤✉s ❡①t♦❧❧✐♥❣ ❬②♦✉ t✇♦❪✱ ♠❛② ✇❡✱ ❛ tr♦♦♣ ♦❢ ❛ ♠✐❣❤t② ♦♥❡✱
❝r♦ss ♦✈❡r ❞✐✣❝✉❧t✐❡s ❛s ✐❢ ♦✈❡r ✇❛t❡rs ❜② ❛ s❤✐♣✦
✖✖
✾✳ ◆♦✇✱ ❞♦ t❤♦✉ r❡✈❡❛❧✹ t♦ t❤❡ ❥♦✐♥t r✉❧❡r✱ t♦ deva Varun.a✱
❬t❤②❪ ❝❤❡r✐s❤❡❞ t❤♦✉❣❤t
❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② t❤❡ ✇✐❞t❤ ❬♦❢ ♠❡♥t❛❧ s♣❛❝❡❪✦
❚❤✐s ♦♥❡ ✐s ✇❤♦✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❛ ❣r❡❛t s♣❤❡r❡ ♦❢ ✐♥✢✉❡♥❝❡✱
s❦✐❧❧❢✉❧❧② s❤✐♥❡s ❧✐❣❤t ✉♣♦♥ t✇♦ ✇✐❞❡ ♠✐❣❤t② ♦♥❡s✺
❛s ✐❢ ✉♥❞❡❝❛②✐♥❣ ♦♥❡✻ ✇✐t❤ ❬❤✐s❪ ✢❛♠❡✳
✖✖
✶✵✳ ❖ ❞r✐♥❦❡rs ♦❢ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❬❥✉✐❝❡❪ Indra ❛♥❞ Varun.a✱
❞♦ ❞r✐♥❦ t❤✐s ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t✐♥❣ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ Soma✱
❖ ②♦✉ t✇♦ ✇❤♦s❡ r❡❛❧♠s ❛r❡ ♠❛✐♥t❛✐♥❡❞✦
❨♦✉r ❝❤❛r✐♦t ❬❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤❡s❪
♣r♦❝❡❡❞✐♥❣ ♦♥ ✐ts ✇❛② ❬s❛❝r✐✜❝❡❪ t♦ ❛r♦✉s❡ deva✲s✱
❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤❡s ♥❡❛r ❬②♦✉r❪ ❤♦♠❡ ❢♦r ❞r✐♥❦✐♥❣✳
✶✶✳ ❖ Indra ❛♥❞ Varun.a✱ ❜❡✐♥❣ t✇♦ ❜✉❧❧s✱ ♣♦✉r ❢♦r ②♦✉rs❡❧✈❡s
❬❛ ❞r❛✉❣❤t❪ ♦❢ t❤❡ s✇❡❡t❡st ✐♠♣r❡❣♥❛t✐♥❣ Soma✦
❋♦r ②♦✉ t✇♦ t❤✐s Soma ❥✉✐❝❡ ✐s s♣r✐♥❦❧❡❞ ❛r♦✉♥❞ ✐♥ ✉s✳
❙✐tt✐♥❣ ♦♥ t❤✐s s❛❝r✐✜❝✐❛❧ ❣r❛ss✱ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t❡ ②♦✉rs❡❧✈❡s✦

✹ ❧✐t✳ ✏s❤✐♥❡ ❢♦rt❤✑

✺ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤
✻ Agni
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✻✳✻✾

Bharadvāja Barhaspatya | Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra ❛♥❞ Vis.n.u

sám. vām . kárman.ā sámis.ā´ hinom´ı̄ndrāvis.n.ū

ápasaspāré asyá |
jus.éthām. yajñám
. drávin.am . ca dhattam
áris..tairnah. pathı́bhih. pāráyantā || 1 ||

yā´ vı́śvāsām
. janitā´rā matı̄nā´m
ı́ndrāvı́s.n.ū kaláśā somadhā´nā |
prá vām . gı́rah. śasyámānā avantu
prá stómāso gı̄yámānāso arkaıh ´ . || 2 ||

ı́ndrāvis.n.ū madapatı̄ madānām

ā´ sómam . yātam. drávin.o dádhānā |
sám . vāmañjantvaktúbhirmatı̄nā´m .
sám ´ . || 3 ||
. stómāsah. śasyámānāsa ukthaıh

ā´ vāmáśvāso abhimātis.ā´ha

ı́ndrāvis.n.ū sadhamā´do vahantu |
. vı́śvā hávanā matı̄nā´m
jus.éthām
úpa bráhmān.i śr.n.utam. gı́ro me || 4 ||

ı́ndrāvis.n.ū tátpanayā´yyam . vām.

sómasya máda urú cakramāthe |
′
ákr.n.utamantáriks.am . várı̄yó prathatam
.
jı̄váse no rájām . si || 5 ||

ı́ndrāvis.n.ū havı́s.ā vāvr.dhānā´grādvānā

námasā rātahavyā |
ghŕ.tāsutı̄ drávin.am . dhattamasmé
samudrá sthah. kaláśah. somadhā´nah. || 6 ||
 ✼✾✺

✶✳ ❆t t❤❡ ✉❧t✐♠❛t❡ r❡❛❝❤ ♦❢ t❤✐s ❛❝t✐♦♥

❬t❤❛t❪ ■ ✉r❣❡ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ r✐t❡ ❛♥❞ ❧✐❜❛t✐♦♥✱
②♦✉ t✇♦ ❬❛r❡❪ t♦❣❡t❤❡r✱ ❖ Indra ❛♥❞ Vis.n.u✳
❇r✐♥❣✐♥❣ ✉s ♦✈❡r ❜② s❛❢❡ r♦❛❞s✱
❞♦ ❡♥❥♦② t❤❡ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡ ❛♥❞ ✐♠♣❛rt t❤❡ s✉❜st❛♥❝❡✦
✷✳ ❬❍❡r❡ ❛r❡❪ t✇♦ r❡❝❡✐✈✐♥❣ Soma ❥❛rs✱ ❖ Indra ❛♥❞ Vis.n.u✱
✇❤✐❝❤ ❛r❡ t❤❡ ♣r♦❣❡♥✐t♦rs ♦❢ ❛❧❧ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❣❡st✉r❡s✳
❚❤❡♥ ♠❛② ❜❡✐♥❣✲r❡♣❡❛t❡❞ ❤②♠♥s ♦❢ ♣r❛✐s❡ ❛♥✐♠❛t❡ ②♦✉ t✇♦✱
t❤❡♥ ❤②♠♥s ♦❢ ♣r❛✐s❡ t❤❛t ❛r❡ ❜❡✐♥❣ s✉♥❣
❛❧♦♥❣ ✇✐t❤ ❤②♠♥s ♦❢ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t✐♦♥✳
✸✳ ❖ Indra ❛♥❞ Vis.n.u✱ ♠❛st❡rs ♦❢ r❛♣t✉r❡s ♦❢ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t✐♥❣ ❞r✐♥❦s✱
❞♦ ❬②♦✉ t✇♦✱❪ ♣r♦❞✉❝✐♥❣ t❤❡ s✉❜st❛♥❝❡✱ ❝♦♠❡ t♦ Soma✦
▼❛② ❤②♠♥s ♦❢ ♣r❛✐s❡✱ ❜❡✐♥❣ r❡♣❡❛t❡❞ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ✈❡rs❡s✱
s♠❡❛r ❞✉r✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♥✐❣❤ts ②♦✉ t✇♦ ✇✐t❤ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❣❡st✉r❡s✳
✹✳ ▼❛② ♦✈❡r❝♦♠✐♥❣✲t❤♦s❡✲✇❤♦✲✐♥t❡♥❞✲t♦✲❤✉rt ❤♦rs❡s✶ ✱
❖ Indra ❛♥❞ Vis.n.u✱ ❜❡❛r ❤❡r❡ ❛ ❞r✐♥❦✐♥❣ ❜♦✉t✦
❋r❡q✉❡♥t ❛❧❧ s✉♠♠♦♥s ♦❢ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❣❡st✉r❡s✱
❣✐✈❡ ❡❛r t♦ s❛❝r❡❞ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛s✱ t♦ ♠② ❝❤❛♥ts✦
✺✳ ❖ Indra ❛♥❞ Vis.n.u✱ t❤✐s ②♦✉r ❛st♦♥✐s❤✐♥❣ ✇✐❞❡ s♣❛❝❡
②♦✉ t✇♦ ❤❛✈❡ ❝r❡❛t❡❞ ✐♥ t❤❡ r❛♣t✉r❡ ♦❢ Soma✳
❨♦✉ t✇♦ ♠❛❞❡ t❤❡ ✐♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ s♣❛❝❡ ✇✐❞❡r✱
str❡t❝❤❡❞ t❤❡ r❡❣✐♦♥s ❢♦r ✉s t♦ ❧✐✈❡✳
✻✳ ❖ Indra ❛♥❞ Vis.n.u✱
❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ str♦♥❣❡r t❤r♦✉❣❤ t❤❡ ♦❜❧❛t✐♦♥✱
❡❛t✐♥❣ ❛❤❡❛❞ ♦❢ ❬♦t❤❡rs❪✱ ②♦✉ t✇♦✱
t♦ ✇❤♦♠ t❤❡ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣s ❛r❡ ❣✐✈❡♥ ✇✐t❤ r❡✈❡r❡♥❝❡✱
❡♥❧✐✈❡♥❡❞ ❜② ❣❤❡❡✱ ✐♠♣❛rt t♦ ✉s t❤❡ s✉❜st❛♥❝❡✦
❨♦✉ t✇♦ ❛r❡ t❤❡ s❡❛✱ ❛ r❡❝❡✐✈✐♥❣✲Soma ❥❛r✳

✶ ❞r♦♣s ♦❢ ❙♦♠❛
✼✾✻

ı́ndrāvis.n.ū pı́batam. mádhvo asyá

sómasya dasrā jat.háram . pr.n.ethām |
ā´ vāmándhām . si madirā´n.yagmannúpa
bráhmān.i śr.n.utam . hávam . me || 7 ||

ubhā´ jigyathurná párā jayethe

ná párā jigye kataráścanáınoh. |
ı́ndraśca vis.n.o yádápaspr.dhethām.
tredhā´ sahásram . vı́ tádairayethām || 8 ||
 ✼✾✼

✼✳ ❖ Indra ❛♥❞ Vis.n.u✱ ❤❛✈❡ ❛ ❞r✐♥❦ ♦❢ t❤✐s ❤♦♥❡②✱ ♦❢ Soma✦

❖ t✇♦ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❧✐s❤✐♥❣ ✇♦♥❞❡r❢✉❧ ❞❡❡❞s✱ ✜❧❧ t❤❡ ❜❡❧❧②✦
❇r❡✇✐♥❣ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t✐♦♥ ❥✉✐❝❡s ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤❡❞ ②♦✉❀
❛t t❤❡ t✐♠❡ ❢♦r s❛❝r❡❞ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥s✱ ❞♦ ❧✐st❡♥ t♦ ♠② ❝❛❧❧✦
✽✳ ❨♦✉ ❜♦t❤ ❤❛✈❡ ❝♦♥q✉❡r❡❞✱
②♦✉ ❛r❡ ♥♦t ✉❧t✐♠❛t❡❧② ❝♦♥q✉❡r✐♥❣ ❬❛♥②t❤✐♥❣ ♥♦✇❪✳
✭◆❡✐t❤❡r ♦❢ t❤❡s❡ t✇♦ ✇❛s ✉❧t✐♠❛t❡❧② ❞❡❢❡❛t❡❞✳✮
❖ Vis.n.u ❛♥❞ Indra✱ ✇❤❛t ②♦✉ ❝♦♥t❡♥❞✱
✐♥ t❤r❡❡ ✇❛②s ②♦✉ ❜r❡❛❦ t❤❛t ✐♥t♦ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞ ♣✐❡❝❡s✳
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✻✳✼✷

Bharadvāja Bārhaspatya | Tris..tubh | t♦ Soma ❛♥❞ Indra

ı́ndrāsomā máhi tádvām . mahitvám .

yuvám . mah ´
ā ni pratham ā´ni cakrathuh. |
yuvám . sū´ryam . vividáthuryuvám . svàr
vı́śvā támām. syahatam . nidáśca || 1 ||

ı́ndrāsomā vāsáyatha us.ā´sam

útsū´ryam
. nayatho jyótis.ā sahá |
úpa dyā´m
. skambháthu skámbhanenā´
prathatam . pr.thiv´ı̄m . vı́ || 2 ||
. mātáram

ı́ndrāsomāváhimapáh. paris..thā´m
.
hathó vr.trámánu vām. dyauramanyata
´ |
prā´rn.ām
. syairayatam. nad´ı̄nām
ā´ samudrā´n.i paprathuh. purū´n.i || 3 ||

ı́ndrāsomā pakvámāmā´svantár
nı́ gávāmı́ddadhathurvaks.án.āsu |
jagr.bháthuránapinaddhamāsu
rúśaccitrā´su jágatı̄s.vantáh. || 4 ||

ı́ndrāsomā yuvámaṅgá tárutram

apatyasā´cam . śrútyam. rarāthe |
yuvám . śús
. mam. náryam . cars.an.ı́bhyah.
sám
. vivyathuh . .pr . ā´hamugrā || 5 ||
tanās
 ✼✾✾

✶✳ ❖ Indra ❛♥❞ Soma✱ ❣r❡❛t ❬✐s❪ t❤✐s ②♦✉r ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❡①♣❛♥❞✦

❨♦✉ t✇♦ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❧✐s❤❡❞ ❣r❡❛t ♣r✐♥❝✐♣❛❧ ❬❞❡❡❞s❪✳
❨♦✉ t✇♦ ❤❛✈❡ ❢♦✉♥❞ t❤❡ s✉♥✱ ②♦✉ t✇♦ ❬❤❛✈❡ ❢♦✉♥❞❪ svàr❀
②♦✉ t✇♦ r❡♣❡❧❧❡❞ ❛❧❧ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ♦❜s❝✉r❛t✐♦♥s
❛♥❞ ✐♠♣♦s❡❞ ❝♦♥str❛✐♥ts✳
✷✳ ❖ Indra ❛♥❞ Soma✱ ②♦✉ t✇♦ ❝❛✉s❡❞ t❤❡ ❞❛✇♥ t♦ ❣r♦✇ ❜r✐❣❤t❡r✱
②♦✉ t✇♦ ❣✉✐❞❡❞ ✉♣✇❛r❞s t❤❡ s✉♥
❛❧♦♥❣ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ❜r✐❣❤t♥❡ss ❬♦❢ t❤❡ ❞❛✇♥❪❀
②♦✉ t✇♦ ♣r♦♣♣❡❞ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ✇✐t❤ ❛ ♣✐❧❧❛r✱
②♦✉ t✇♦ s♣r❡❛❞ ❛♣❛rt ♠♦t❤❡r ❊❛rt❤✳
✖✖
✸✳ ❖ Indra ❛♥❞ Soma✱
②♦✉ t✇♦ ❞r✐✈❡ ❛✇❛② ♦❜str✉❝t✐♥❣ ✇❛t❡rs s♥❛❦❡✱ ❬❛♥❞❪ Vrtra❀
❢♦❧❧♦✇✐♥❣ ②♦✉ t✇♦✱ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ✐s ❝♦♥t❡♠♣❧❛t❡❞ ✉♣♦♥✳ .
❨♦✉ t✇♦ ❜r✐♥❣ ❢♦rt❤ ✢♦✇✐♥❣ ✇❛t❡rs✬ ✢♦♦❞s✱
②♦✉ t✇♦ ❤❛✈❡ ✜❧❧❡❞ ♠❛♥② s❡❛s✳
✹✳ ❖ Indra ❛♥❞ Soma✱ r✐♣❡ ❬❢♦r ♣♦❡tr②❪ ❬✈✐t❛❧ s♣✐r✐t ❪
✶
♠✐❞st ❝r✉❞❡ ❬❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s ❪
✷
②♦✉ t✇♦ ❤❛✈❡ ❞❡♣♦s✐t❡❞ ✐♥t♦ ❝♦✇s✬ ✉❞❞❡rs❀
❨♦✉ t✇♦ ❤❛✈❡ ❣r❛s♣❡❞ ❬✈✐t❛❧ s♣✐r✐t ❪✸
❬t❤❛t ✐s❪ ♥♦♥✲t✐❡❞ ✉♣ ✐♥ t❤❡s❡ ❬❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s❪✱
❬t❤❛t ✐s❪ s❤✐♥✐♥❣ ✐♥ t❤❡ ♠✐❞st ♦❢ ❝❛♣t✉r✐♥❣ ❛tt❡♥t✐♦♥
Jagatı̄ ❬✈❡rs❡s ❪✳
✹ ✺
✺✳ ❖ Indra ❛♥❞ Soma✱ s✉r❡❧② ❬✐t ✇❡r❡❪ ②♦✉ t✇♦ ❬✇❤♦❪ ❤❛✈❡ ❣r❛♥t❡❞
❝❛rr②✐♥❣ ❛❝r♦ss✱ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② ♦✛s♣r✐♥❣s✱ ❢❛♠♦✉s ❬❢❡r✈♦r❪❀
❬■t ✇❡r❡❪ ②♦✉ t✇♦ ❬✇❤♦❪ ❤✐❞ t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s ❢r♦♠ t❤♦s❡
t❤❛t ❞r❛✇ t♦ t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s ✻
✐♥ ❬t❤❛t❪ ❢❡r✈♦r ❬t❤❛t ✐s❪ ❛❣r❡❡❛❜❧❡ t♦ ♠❡♥✱
❬❛♥❞ ✐s❪ ✈✐❝t♦r✐♦✉s ✐♥ ❜❛tt❧❡s✱ ❖ ❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s ♦♥❡s✦

✶ payas
✷ gosu ❧✐t✳ ✏♠✐❞st ❝♦✇s✑
.
✸ payas
✹ ♦♥❡ ♦❢ ♠❡t❡rs ♦❢ t❤❡ ❘✐❣✈❡❞❛
✺ rksu
. .
✻ t❤❛t ✐s✱ ✏s❡♥s❡s✑
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✼✳✶✽

Vasis..tha Maitravarun.i | Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra

tvé ha yátpitáraścinna indra

vı́śvā vāmā´ jaritā´ro ásanvan |
tvé gā´vah. sudúghāstvé hyáśvās
tvám . vásu devayaté vánis..thah. || 1 ||

rā´jeva hı́ jánibhih. ks.és.yevā´va

dyúbhirabhı́ vidús.kavı́h. sán |
piśā´ gı́ro maghavangóbhiráśvais
tvāyatáh. śiśı̄hi rāyé asmā´n || 2 ||

imā´ u tvā paspr.dhānā´so átra

mandrā´ gı́ro devayántı̄rúpa sthuh. |
arvā´cı̄ te pathyā` rāyá etu
syā´ma te sumatā´vindra śárman || 3 ||

dhenúm . ná tvā sūyávase dúduks.annúpabráhmān.i

sasr.je vásis..thah. |
tvā´mı́nme gópatim . vı́śva
āhā´ na ı́ndrah. sumatı́m . gantvácha || 4 ||

. si cit paprathānā´ sudā´sa

árn.ām
ı́ndro gādhā´nyakr.n.otsupārā´ |
śárdhantam . śimyúmucáthasya návyah.
śā´pam
. . n.odáśastı̄h. || 5 ||
sı́ndhūnāmakr

puro..dā´ ı́tturváśo yáks.urāsı̄d

rāyé mátsyāso nı́śitā ápı̄va |
śrus..tı́m
. cakrurbhŕ.gavo druhyávaśca
sákhā sákhāyamataradvı́s.ūcoh. || 6 ||
 ✽✵✶

✶✳ ■t ✐s ✐♥ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Indra✱ t❤❛t ❡✈❡♥ ♦✉r ❛♥❝❡st♦rs ✱ ✶

✐♥✈♦❦❡rs✱ ❞✐❞ ♦❜t❛✐♥ ❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣ ❧♦✈❡❧②❀
✐♥ t❤❡❡ ❬❛r❡❪ ②✐❡❧❞✐♥❣✲♠✉❝❤ ❝♦✇s❀ s✐♥❝❡ ✐♥ t❤❡❡ ❬❛r❡❪ t❤❡ ❤♦rs❡s✱
t❤♦✉ ❬❛r❡❪ t❤❡ ❜❡st ❛t ♦❜t❛✐♥✐♥❣
✇❤❛t✬s ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧ ❢♦r s❡❡❦✐♥❣ deva✲s ❬♠❛♥❪✳
✷✳ ❙✐♥❝❡ t❤♦✉ ❛❜✐❞❡ ✐♥❞❡❡❞ ❬❛t ♥✐❣❤t❪
❧✐❦❡ ❛ ❝❤✐❡❢t❛✐♥ ✇✐t❤ ❬❤✐s❪ ✇✐✈❡s✱
❤❡❧♣ ❬✉s❪ t❤r♦✉❣❤♦✉t t❤❡ ❞❛②s ✖ ❜❡✐♥❣ ❛♥ ❛st✉t❡ ♣♦❡t✳
❇② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s ❛♥❞ r❤②t❤♠s ❢❛s❤✐♦♥ ❝❤❛♥ts✦
✷ ✸
❋♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡✱ s❤❛r♣❡♥ ✉s✱ ❬✇❤♦ ❛r❡❪ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ t❤❡❡✦
✸✳ ❚❤❡s❡ ❝♦♥t❡♥❞✐♥❣ ✇✐t❤ ❡❛❝❤ ♦t❤❡r✱ ♣❧❡❛s❛♥t❧② s♦✉♥❞✐♥❣✱
s❡❡❦✐♥❣ deva✲s ❝❤❛♥ts s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ ❛ss✐st❡❞ t❤❡❡✳
▼❛② t❤② ❤✐t❤❡r✇❛r❞ ♣❛t❤✇❛② ❧❡❛❞ t♦ tr❡❛s✉r❡s✱
❬s♦ t❤❛t❪ ✇❡ ❝♦✉❧❞ ❜❡ ✐♥ t❤② ❣♦♦❞ ❣r❛❝❡s✱ ❖ Indra✱
✐♥ ❬t❤②❪ s❤❡❧t❡r✦
✹✳ ❉❡s✐r✐♥❣ t♦ ♠✐❧❦ t❤❡❡ ❛s ✐❢ ❛ ♠✐❧❝❤✲❝♦✇ ♦♥ ❛ ❣♦♦❞ ♣❛st✉r❡✱
Vasistha ❧❡t ❧♦♦s❡ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥s✳
❊✈❡r②. . ♦♥❡ ♥❛♠❡❞ t♦ ♠❡ ❥✉st t❤❡❡
❬❛s❪ ❛ ♠❛st❡r ♦❢ ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s✳
▼❛② Indra ❝♦♠❡ t♦ ✉s ❤❡r❡✱
t♦ ❛♥ ❡✛❡❝t✐✈❡ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❣❡st✉r❡✦
✖✖
✺✳ ❊✈❡♥ t❤❡ ✢♦♦❞s t❤❛t ❤❛✈❡ s♣r❡❛❞ ♦✉t
Indra ♠❛❞❡ ❢♦r Sudās ✐♥t♦ ❡❛s②✲t♦✲❝r♦ss ❢♦r❞s✳
❉❡✜❛♥t ✐♥t❡♥s❡ s✇❡❛r✐♥❣ ♦❢ ❬❤✐s❪ ♠❛♥♥❡r ♦❢ s♣❡❛❦✐♥❣
❤❡ ♠❛❞❡ ❛♥❡✇ ✐♥t♦ ❝✉rs❡s ✉♣♦♥ ❬❜❧♦♦❞❪ str❡❛♠s✳
✹
✻✳ Turvaśa Yaks.u ✇❛s ❥✉st ❛ ♣✐❡❝❡ ♦❢ ❝❛❦❡ ✖
❥✉st ❧✐❦❡ ♣❡♣♣❡❞✲✉♣ ❢♦r ✇❡❛❧t❤ Matsya✲s✳
Bhr.gu✲s ❛♥❞ Druhyu✲s ♣❡r❢♦r♠❡❞ ❛ ✇✐❧❧✐♥❣ s❡r✈✐❝❡✳
❚❤❡ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥ tr❛♥s❢❡rr❡❞ ❬❤✐s❪ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥
✺
t♦ ✐♥✲❜❡t✇❡❡♥ ♦❢ t❤❡ t✇♦
✇❤♦ ✇❡r❡ ❢❛❝✐♥❣ ❬❡♥❡♠✐❡s❪ ❢r♦♠ ❛❧❧ ❞✐r❡❝t✐♦♥s✳

✶ ❧✐t✳ ✏❢❛t❤❡rs✑
✷ ❧✐t✳ ✏❝♦✇s✑
✸ ❧✐t✳ ✏❤♦rs❡s✑
✹ ❤❡ ♠❛❞❡ ❛ s✇❡❛r✐♥❣ t♦ ❢r❡❡③❡ ❜❧♦♦❞ ✐♥ ✈❡✐♥s ♦❢ t❤❡ ❝✉rs❡❞
✺ ♣r♦❜✳ Indra
✽✵✷

ā´ pakthā´so bhalānáso bhanantā´lināso

vis.ān.ı́nah. śivā´sah. |
ā´ yó ′nayatsadhamā´ ā´ryasya
gavyā´ tŕ.tsubhyo ajaganyudhā´ n.´r̄n || 7 ||

′
durādhyò áditim . sreváyanto cetáso
vı́ jagr.bhre párus.n.ı̄m |
mahnā´vivyakpr.thiv´ı̄m . pátyamānah.
paśús.kavı́raśayaccā´yamānah. || 8 ||

ı̄yúrártham . ná nyarthám. párus.n.ı̄m

āśúścanédabhipitvám
. jagāma |
sudā´sa ı́ndrah. sutúkām̃
. amı́trān
árandhayanmā´nus.e vádhrivācah. || 9 ||

ı̄yúrgā´vo ná yávasādágopā

yathākr.támabhı́ mitrám . citā´sah. |
pŕ.śnigāvah. pŕ.śninipres.itāsah.
. cakrurniyúto rántayaśca || 10 ||
śrus..tı́m

ékam . ca yó vim . ca śravasyā´

. śatı́m
´
vaikarn.áyorjánānrājā nyástah. |
dasmó ná sádmannı́ śiśāti barhı́h.
śū´rah. sárgamakr.n.odı́ndra es.ām || 11 ||

ádha śrutám . kavás.am . vr.ddhámapsvánu

druhyúm . nı́ vr
..n . |
agvájrabāhuh
vr.n.ānā´ átra sakhyā´ya sakhyám .
tvāyánto yé ámadannánu tvā || 12 ||
 ✽✵✸

✼✳ ❍❡r❡ Bhalānas✲❡s s❤❛❧❧ ❞❡❝❧❛r❡ ❬t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s❪

t♦ ❜❡ r✐♣❡ ❬❢♦r ❜❛tt❧❡❪❀
❤❡r❡ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❤♦r♥s Alina✲s ❬❞❡❝❧❛r❡❞ t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s❪
❬t♦ ❜❡❪ ❞❡str♦②✐♥❣ r❡❛❝t✐✈❡ ✐♠♣✉❧s✐✈❡♥❡ss❀
❤❡r❡ ❬❤❡❪ ✇❤♦ ❞✐❞ ❧❡❛❞ ❬✉s❪✱
❛ ❞r✐♥❦✐♥❣ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❛ ❝♦♥❞✉❝t✐♥❣ ✉♣✇❛r❞s ♦♥❡✱
❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤❡❞ ✇✐t❤ ❛♥ ❡♥❝♦✉r❛❣❡♠❡♥t ❢♦r Tr..tsu✲s✱
✻
❬❤❡ ✇❡♥t t♦❪ ♠❡♥ ✇✐t❤ ❛ ✜❣❤t❡r✳
✖✖
✽✳ ❍❛✈✐♥❣ ❢❛✉❧t② ✐❞❡❛s✱ t❤❡②✱ ♥♦t ♣❛②✐♥❣ ❛tt❡♥t✐♦♥✱
s❡♣❛r❛t❡❞ t❤❡ ♣❧❛t❡ ❛r♠♦✉r ❝❛✉s✐♥❣ ✐t✱ ✉♥t✐❡❞✱
t♦ ❢❛✐❧ ❬✐ts ♣✉r♣♦s❡❪✳
❇② ❡①t❡♥❞✐♥❣ ❬❤✐s ❧✐♥❡s❪ ❤❡✱ ❝♦♠♠❛♥❞✐♥❣✱
❡♥❝♦♠♣❛ss❡❞ t❤❡ ❣r♦✉♥❞ ❬♦❢ ♦♣♣♦s✐♥❣ ❢♦r❝❡s❪❀
❛ t❡t❤❡r❡❞ ❛♥✐♠❛❧✱ t❤❡ ♣♦❡t✱ s❤♦✇✐♥❣ r❡s♣❡❝t✱ r❡♣♦s❡❞✳
✾✳ ❚❤❡② ❤❛✈❡ ❝♦♠❡ t♦ ❬t❤❡✐r❪ ♣❧❛t❡ ❛r♠♦✉r
❛s ✐❢ t❤❡r❡ ✇❛s s♦♠❡ ♣✉r♣♦s❡ ✐♥ ✐t ❬❜✉t❪ t♦ ♥♦ ❛✈❛✐❧❀
♥♦t ❡✈❡♥ ❤❡✱ ✇❤♦ ✇❛s q✉✐❝❦ ❬t♦ ♣✉t ✐t ♦♥❪✱
❤❛s ❧❛st❡❞ t✐❧❧ t❤❡ ❡✈❡♥✐♥❣✳
✼
Indra ♠❛❞❡ ❡❛s②✲t♦✲♣✉s❤✲❛s✐❞❡ ❬t❤♦s❡❪ ❤♦st✐❧❡s
✇❤♦ ✐♥ t❤❡✐r ♠❛♥❤♦♦❞ ✇❡r❡ ♦❢ ❣❡❧❞❡❞ s♣❡❡❝❤ s✉❜❥❡❝t t♦ Sudās✳
✽
✶✵✳ ❚❤❡② ❤❛✈❡ ❣♦♥❡ ❧✐❦❡ ❝♦✇❤❡r❞❧❡ss ❝♦✇s ❢r♦♠ ❛ ♣❛st✉r❡✱
❛s ❛❣r❡❡❞✱ ❡♥ ♠❛ss✱ t♦✇❛r❞s ❛♥ ❛❧❧②❀
t❤♦s❡ ✇❤♦ ✇❡r❡ s❡❞✉❝❡❞ t♦ tr❛♥s❣r❡ss ✱ ♠♦t✐✈❛t❡❞ t♦ tr❛♥s❣r❡ss✱
✾ ✶✵
♣❡r❢♦r♠❡❞ ❛ ✇✐❧❧✐♥❣ s❡r✈✐❝❡✱
t✐❡❞ ✇✐t❤✐♥ ❬❜② t❤❡ tr❛♥s❣r❡ss✐♦♥❪ ❛♥❞ ❜❛tt❧✐♥❣✳
✶✶✳ ❚❤❡ ❝❤✐❡❢t❛✐♥ ✇❤♦ ❤❛✈❡ t❤r♦✇ ❞♦✇♥ ✐♥ ❛ r❛♣✐❞ s✉❝❝❡ss✐♦♥
t✇❡♥t② ♦♥❡ ♠❡♥ ♦❢ ❜♦t❤ Vaikarn.a✲s ❬❝❧❛♥s❪✱
t❤❡ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱ Indra✱ ♠❛❞❡ ❛ ❞♦✇♥♣♦✉r ♦❢ t❤❡♠
❛s ✇✐③❛r❞ ❣r✐♥❞s ❞♦✇♥ s❛❝r✐✜❝✐❛❧ ❣r❛ss ❛s ❬❤✐s❪ s❡❛t✳
✶✷✳ ❚❤❡♥✱ ❛❢t❡r Druhyu✱ ❤❡✱ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲✐♥✲❛r♠s✱ s❤❛❧❧ ♣✉❧❧ ❞♦✇♥
t❤❡ ❢❛♠❡❞ Kavas.a✱ ✇❤♦ ✇❛s r❡✐♥❢♦r❝❡❞✱ ✐♥t♦ ✇❛t❡rs❀
✐♥ t❤❛t ♣❧❛❝❡ t❤♦s❡ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ t❤❡❡ ✇❤♦ ❜❡❝❛♠❡ ✐♥s♣✐r❡❞ ❜② t❤❡❡
❬✇❡r❡❪ ❝❤♦♦s✐♥❣ ❢♦r ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s❤✐♣
t❤❡ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s❤✐♣ ❬✇✐t❤ t❤❡❡❪✳
✻ ❧✐t✳ ✏✇✐t❤ ✇❤❛t ❝♦♠❡s ❢r♦♠ ❝♦✇s✑✱ t❤❛t ✐s✱ ✏✇❤❛t ❝♦♠❡s ❢r♦♠ ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡
❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s✑
✼ ❧✐t✳ ✏❝❛♠❡ t♦✑
✽ ❢♦❧❧♦✇✐♥❣ ❤❡r❡ ❬❏❛♠✐s♦♥ ❛♥❞ ❇r❡r❡t♦♥✱ ✷✵✶✹✱ ♣✳✾✵✹❪
✾ ❧✐t✳ ✏✇❤♦s❡ ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥ ✇❛s tr❛♥s❣r❡ss ✑
✶✵ t❛❦✐♥❣ nipresita ❛s ✏✉r❣❡❞ ♦♥ ✇✐t❤✐♥✑
.
✽✵✹

. hitā´nyes.ām
vı́ sadyó vı́śvā dr.m
ı́ndrah. púrah. sáhasā saptá dardah. |
vyā´navasya tŕ.tsave gáyam . bhāg
jés.ma pūrúm . vidáthe mr.dhrávācam || 13 ||

nı́ gavyávó ′navo druhyávaśca

.sas..tı́h. śatā´ sus.upuh. .sát. sahásrā |
.sas..tı́rvı̄rā´so ádhi .sád.duvoyú
vı́śvédı́ndrasya vı̄ryā` kr.tā´ni || 14 ||

ı́ndren.aité tŕ.tsavo vévis.ān.ā

ā´po ná sr..s.tā´ adhavanta n´ı̄cı̄h. |
durmitrā´sah. prakalavı́nmı́mānā
jahúrvı́śvāni bhójanā sudā´se || 15 ||

ardhám . vı̄rásya śr.tapā´manindrám

.
párā śárdhantam. nunude abhı́ ks.ā´m |
ı́ndro manyúm . manyumyò mimāya
bhejé pathó vartanı́m . pátyamānah. || 16 ||

ādhrén.a cittádvékam . cakāra

sim. hyàm. citpétvenā jaghāna |
áva srakt´ı̄rveśyā`vr.ścadı́ndrah.
prā´yachadvı́śvā bhójanā sudā´se || 17 ||

śáśvanto hı́ śátravo rāradhús..te

bhedásya cichárdhato vinda rándhim |
mártām̃ . éna stuvató yáh. kr.n.óti
tigmám . tásminnı́ jahi vájramindra || 18 ||
 ✽✵✺

✶✸✳ ❇② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ ❢♦r❝❡✱ ✐♥ ❛ ✐♥st❛♥t

Indra s❤❛❧❧ ❜r❡❛❦ ♦♣❡♥ ❛❣❛✐♥ ❛♥❞ ❛❣❛✐♥
❛❧❧ t❤❡✐rs ❢♦rt✐✜❡❞ ❬♦❜st❛❝❧❡s ❪✱ t❤❡ s❡✈❡♥ str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞s ✳
✶✶ ✶✷ ✶✸ ✶✹
✭❍❡ s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ ❞✐str✐❜✉t❡❞ s♣♦✐❧s ♦❢ Ānava t♦ Tr.tsu✱
❬❜✉t❪ ✇❡ ❬✇✐❧❧❪ ❣❛✐♥ ✉♣♣❡r ❤❛♥❞ ♦✈❡r t❤❡ ♠❛♥
✇❤♦s❡ s♣❡❡❝❤ ❛t t❤❡ ❦♥♦✇❧❡❞❣❡✲s❤❛r✐♥❣ s❡ss✐♦♥
✇❛s ✐♥s✉❧t✐♥❣✳✮
✶✹✳ ❙✐①t② ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ ❦✐♥❡ Anu✲s ❛♥❞ Druhyu✲s
❤❛✈❡ ❢❛❧❧❡♥ ❛s❧❡❡♣ ✖ s✐① t❤♦✉s❛♥❞✦
✶✺
❙✐①t② ❛♥❞ s✐① ❤❡r♦❡s ❬❤❛✈❡ ❢❛❧❧❡♥ ❛s❧❡❡♣❪
❬✇❤✐❧❡❪ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ t♦ ❤♦♥♦r ❬Indra❪✳
❆❧❧ ❬t❤❡s❡❪ ❬❛r❡❪ ✐♥❞❡❡❞ Indra✲s ❞❡❡❞s ♦❢ ✈❛❧♦r✳
✶✺✳ ❚❤❡s❡ Tr.tsu✲s✱ ❛❣❛✐♥ ❛♥❞ ❛❣❛✐♥ ♣✉t t♦ ✇♦r❦ ❜② Indra✱
r❛♥ ❬✉♥t♦ ❡♥❡♠✐❡s❪ ❧✐❦❡ ✇❛t❡rs r❡❧❡❛s❡❞ ❞♦✇♥✇❛r❞s❀
❍❛✈✐♥❣ ❢❡✇ ❛❧❧✐❡s✱ ✐♠❛❣✐♥✐♥❣ ♣✉rs✉✐t✱
❬t❤❡ ❡♥❡♠✐❡s❪ ❛❜❛♥❞♦♥❡❞ ❛❧❧ s✉♣♣❧✐❡s t♦ Sudās✳
✖✖
✶✻✳ ❍❡ ♣✉s❤❡❞ ❛s✐❞❡✱ ❛❣❛✐♥st t❤❡ ❣r♦✉♥❞
❞❡✜❛♥t ❞r✐♥❦✐♥❣ ❜♦✐❧❡❞ ❬♠✐❧❦❪
s❡♠✐✲❤❡r♦ ✇❤♦ ❧❛❝❦❡❞ ❬t❤❡ st❛t❡ ♦❢❪ Indra✳
Indra ❤❛s ❞✐♠✐♥✐s❤❡❞ t❤❡ r❛❣❡ ♦❢ ❤✐♠
✇❤♦ ❞✐♠✐♥✐s❤❡s r❛❣❡ ❬♦❢ ♦t❤❡rs❪✱
♦✈❡rs❡❡✐♥❣✱ ❤❡ ♦❜t❛✐♥❡❞ ❛ tr❛❝❦ ♦❢ t❤❡ ♣❛t❤ ❬t♦ ❡s❝❛♣❡❪✳
✶✼✳ ❍❡ ♣❡r❢♦r♠❡❞ t❤❛t ♦♥❡ ❬❞❡❡❞❪ ✇✐t❤ ❥✉st ❛ sq✉✐r❡ ✖
❤❡ s❧❛②❡❞ ❛ ❧✐♦♥❡ss ✇✐t❤ ❛ r❛♠✳
Indra s♣❧✐♥t❡r❡❞ ♦✛ ❡❞❣❡s ❬♦❢ ♦♣♣♦s✐♥❣ ❢♦r❝❡s❪
✇✐t❤ ❛ ♣✐♥❬✲❧✐❦❡ str✐❦❡❪✱
❤❡ ❞❡❧✐✈❡r❡❞ ❛❧❧ s✉♣♣❧✐❡s t♦ Sudās✳
✶✽✳ ❙✐♥❝❡ ♥✉♠❡r♦✉s ❡♥❡♠✐❡s s✉❝❝✉♠❜❡❞ t♦ t❤❡❡✱
✜♥❞ ❛ ✇❛② t♦ ❛❧s♦ s✉❜❥✉❣❛t❡ ❞❡✜❛♥t Bheda✦
❲❤♦ r❡♥❞❡rs ❡①t♦❧❧✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡❡❪ ♠♦rt❛❧s ❡✈✐❧✱
✜① ✇✐t❤✐♥ ❤✐♠ s❤❛r♣ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t ✱ ❖ Indra✦
✶✻

✶✶ ✏♦❢ t❤♦s❡ ✇❤♦ ❜❡❝❛♠❡ ✐♥s♣✐r❡❞ ❜② ❤✐♠✑ ✼✳✶✽✳✶✷❝❞

✶✷ ❢♦rt✐✜❡❞ ❜② ❝♦♥str✉❝ts ♦❢ ✏s❡❧❢ ✑
✶✸ vrtra✲s
.
✶✹ ❝❛❦r❛s
✶✺ t❤❛t ✐s✱ ✏♠❡t ❞❡❛t❤✑
✶✻ s♦ t❤❛t ✐t ✇✐❧❧ r❡♠❛✐♥ ❛s ❛ s❤❛r♣✱ ❛❧♠♦st ♣❛r❛❧②③✐♥❣✱ ♣❛✐♥ ✐♥ t❤❡ s♣✐♥❡
✽✵✻

ā´vadı́ndram . yamúnā tŕ.tsavaśca

prā´tra bhedám . sarvátātā mus.āyat |
ajā´saśca śı́gravo yáks.avaśca
balı́m. śı̄rs.ā´n.i jabhruráśvyāni || 19 ||

ná ta indra sumatáyo ná rā´yah.

sam. cáks.e pū´rvā us.áso ná nū´tnāh. |
dévakam . cinmānyamānám . jaghanthā´va tmánā
br.hatáh. śámbaram . bhet || 20 ||

prá yé gr.hā´dámamadustvāyā´

parāśaráh. śatáyāturvásis..thah. |
ná te bhojásya sakhyám . mr..santā´dhā
sūrı́bhyah. sudı́nā vyùchān || 21 ||

dvé nápturdevávatah. śaté gór

dvā´ ráthā vadhū´mantā sudā´sah. |
árhannagne paijavanásya dā´nam .
hóteva sádma páryemi rébhan || 22 ||

catvā´ro mā paijavanásya dā´nāh.

smáddis..tayah. kr.śanı́no nireké |
.rjrā´so mā pr.thivis..thā´h. sudā´sas
tokám . tokā´ya śrávase vahanti || 23 ||

yásya śrávo ródası̄ antárurv´ı̄

śı̄rs.n.éśı̄rs.n.e vibabhā´jā vibhaktā´ |
saptédı́ndram . ná sraváto gr.n.anti
nı́ yudhyāmadhı́maśiśādabh´ı̄ke || 24 ||

imám . naro marutah. saścatā´nu

dı́vodāsam . sudā´sah. |
. ná pitáram
avis..tánā paijavanásya kétam .
dūn.ā´śam . duvoyú || 25 ||
. ks.atrámajáram
 ✽✵✼

✶✾✳ Tr.tsu✲s ❛♥❞ ❬r✐✈❡r❪ Yamunā ❤❡❧♣❡❞ Indra

s♦ t❤❛t t❤❡r❡ ❤❡ ❝♦♠♣❧❡t❡❧② ❞❡s♣♦✐❧❡❞ Bheda✳
❆♥❞ Aja✲s✱ Śigru✲s✱ ❛♥❞ Yaksu✲s
❤❛s ❜r♦✉❣❤t ❬t♦ ❤✐♠❪ s❦✉❧❧s ♦❢. ❬t❤❡✐r❪ ❤♦rs❡s
❛s ❛ ♣r♦♣✐t✐❛t♦r② ♦❜❧❛t✐♦♥✳
✖✖
✷✵✳ ◆❡✐t❤❡r t❤② ❢❛✈♦✉rs✱ ❖ Indra✱ ♥♦r ❣✐❢ts✱
❛r❡ t♦ ❜❡ ❢✉❧❧② s✉r✈❡②❡❞ ✖
♥❡✐t❤❡r t❤r♦✉❣❤ ♣r❡✈✐♦✉s ❞❛✇♥s✱ ♥♦r t❤r♦✉❣❤ t❤❡ ♣r❡s❡♥t ♦♥❡s✳
❚❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ s❧❛②❡❞ ❡✈❡♥ ❤✐♠
✇❤♦ ✇❛s ❤♦♥♦r❡❞ ❛s ❛ ♠✐♥♦r ❞❡✐t② ✖
❛t ❧❡❛st✱ t❤♦✉ s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ ❞✐s♣❡rs❡❞ Śambara
❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ♠❛ss② ❬❦♥♦tt② ♦♥❡❪ ✦ ✶✼
✷✶✳ ❬●♦✐♥❣❪ ❢♦rt❤✱ ❬t❤♦s❡❪ ✇❤♦ ❢♦r t❤② s❛❦❡ ❜❡❝❛♠❡ ✐♥s♣✐r❡❞
❬t♦ ❣♦ ❢❛r❪ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ❢❛♠✐❧② ✖
Parāśara✱ Śatayātu✱ Vasis..tha ✖
t❤❡② s❤❛❧❧ ♥♦t ❢♦r❣❡t t❤②✱ ❜♦✉♥t✐❢✉❧ ♦♥❡✬s✱ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s❤✐♣❀
t❤❡♥ ❢♦r ✐♥st✐t✉t♦rs ♦❢ t❤❡ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡ ❤❛♣♣② ❞❛②s s❤❛❧❧ ❣r♦✇ ❜r✐❣❤t✳
✷✷✳ ❚✇♦ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ❝♦✇s ❢r♦♠ ❛ ❞❡s❝❡♥❞❛♥t ♦❢ ❤✐♠
✇❤♦ ❬✇❛s❪ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② deva✲s✱
t✇♦ ❝❛rr②✐♥❣ ❜r✐❞❡s ❝❤❛r✐♦ts ❢r♦♠ Sudās✳
❇❡✐♥❣ ✇♦rt❤② ♦❢ Paijavana✬s ❣✐❢t✱
■ ❝✐r❝❧❡ ❛r♦✉♥❞ ❬✐t❪ ❧✐❦❡ ❛♥ ✐♥✈♦❦❡r ♦❢ deva✲s
❬❝✐r❝❧❡s❪ ❬s❛❝r✐✜❝✐❛❧❪ s❡❛t ✖ ♠✉r♠✉r✐♥❣✳
✷✸✳ ❆❜♦✈❡ ❛❧❧✱ ❬❥✉st❪ ♠❡ ❢♦✉r ❣✐❢t❡❞ ❜② Paijavana
✇❡❧❧✲tr❛✐♥❡❞ ❞❡❝♦r❛t❡❞ ✇✐t❤ ♣❡❛r❧s✱ ❣♦✐♥❣ str❛✐❣❤t
❬❜✉t❪ r❡♠❛✐♥✐♥❣ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❣r♦✉♥❞ ❬❤♦rs❡s❪ ♦❢ Sudās ❝♦♥✈❡② ✖
✶✽
♠❡ t♦ ❬♠②❪ ♣r♦❣❡♥② ❢♦r t❤❡ ♣r♦❣❡♥② t♦ ❧♦✉❞❧② ♣r❛✐s❡ ❬♠❡❪✳
✷✹✳ ❍❡ ✇❤♦s❡ ❢❛♠❡ ❬✐s❪ ❜❡t✇❡❡♥ t❤❡ t✇♦ ✇✐❞❡ Rodas✲❡s ✱ ✶✾
❜❡✐♥❣ ❛ ❞✐str✐❜✉t♦r✱ ❤❛s ❛♣♣♦rt✐♦♥❡❞ t♦ ❡❛❝❤ ❤❡❛❞
❬❛ s❤❛r❡ ♦❢ s♣♦✐❧s❪✳
❚❤❡② ❡①t♦❧ ❬❤✐♠❪ ❧✐❦❡ s❡✈❡♥ r✐✈❡rs ❬❡①t♦❧❪ Indra ✖
✐♥ ❛ ❢❛❝❡✲t♦✲❢❛❝❡ ❡♥❝♦✉♥t❡r ❤❡ ❞✐❞ ❣r✐♥❞ ❞♦✇♥ Yudhyāmadhi ✳ ✷✵
✷✺✳ ❖ ♠❡♥ Marut✲s✱ ❤✐♠ ②❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❢♦❧❧♦✇
❛s ❬②❡ ✇♦✉❧❞ ❢♦❧❧♦✇❪ Divodāsa✱ t❤❡ ❢❛t❤❡r ♦❢ Sudās✦
Pr♦♠♦t❡ Paijavana✬s ♣❧❛♥✱ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ t♦ ❤♦♥♦r
❞✐✣❝✉❧t t♦ ❛tt❛✐♥ ❬❤✐s❪ ✉♥❞❡❝❛②✐♥❣ s✉♣r❡♠❛❝②✦
✶✼ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✹✳✸✵✳✶✹
✶✽ ♣r♦❜✳ r❡❢❡rs t♦ ❛ ❣♦✐♥❣ ✇❤❡♥ ❛t ❧❡❛st ♦♥❡ ❤♦♦❢ t♦✉❝❤❡s t❤❡ ❣r♦✉♥❞
✶✾ t❤❛t ✐s✱ ✏✐♥ t❤❡ ❛✐r✑
✷✵ ❧✐t✳ ✏✇❤♦ ✐s ❛❜♦✈❡ ✐♥ ❛ ❜❛tt❧❡✑
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✼✳✶✾

Vasis..tha Maitravarun.i | Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra

yástigmáśr.ṅgo vr..sabhó ná bhı̄má

ékah. kr..s.t´ı̄ścyāváyati prá vı́śvāh. |
yáh. śáśvato ádāśus.o gáyasya
prayantā´si sús.vitarāya védah. || 1 ||

tvám . ha tyádindra kútsamāvah.

śúśrūs.amān.astanvā` samaryé |
dā´sam . yáchús.n.am
. kúyavam. nyàsmā
árandhaya ārjuneyā´ya śı́ks.an || 2 ||

tvám . dhr..sn.o dhr..satā´ vı̄táhavyam

.
prāvo vı́śvābhirūtı́bhih. sudā´sam |
´
prá paurukutsim
´ . trasádasyumāvah.
ks.étrasātā vr.trahátyes.u pūrúm || 3 ||

tvám. nŕ.bhirnr.man.o devávı̄tau

bhū´rı̄n.i vr.trā´ haryaśva ham. si |
tvám. nı́ dásyum . cúmurim. dhúnim.
cā´svāpayo dabh´ı̄taye suhántu || 4 ||

táva cyautnā´ni vajrahasta tā´ni

náva yátpúro navatı́m. ca sadyáh. |
nivéśane śatatamā´vives.ı̄r
. námucimutā´han || 5 ||
áhañca vr.trám

sánā tā´ ta indra bhójanāni

rātáhavyāya dāśús.e sudā´se |
vŕ..sn.e te hárı̄ vŕ..san.ā yunajmi
vyántu bráhmān.i puruśāka vā´jam || 6 ||
 ✽✵✾

✶✳ ❲❤♦ ✐s ❢❡❛rs♦♠❡✱ r❡s❡♠❜❧✐♥❣ ❛ s❤❛r♣✲❤♦r♥❡❞ ❜✉❧❧✱

❤❡ ❛❧♦♥❡ ♠❛❦❡s ❛❧❧ tr✐❜❡s t♦ ❢❛❧❧❀
✶
✇❤♦ ❬✐s❪ ❛ ❜r✐♥❣❡r ♦❢ ♣r♦♣❡rt② ♦❢ ♥✉♠❡r♦✉s ♥♦♥✲✇♦rs❤✐♣❡rs ✖
t♦ ❤✐♠✱ ✇❤♦ ✐s ❜❡tt❡r ❛t ♣r❡ss✐♥❣ Soma✱ t❤♦✉ ❛r❡ ❦♥♦✇❧❡❞❣❡✳
✷✳ ❚❤❛t ✇❛s t❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ ✇❤♦ ❤❡❧♣❡❞ Kutsa✱
❬t❤♦✉✱❪ ❞❡s✐r✐♥❣ t♦ ❛tt❡♥❞ ❬t♦ ❤✐♠❪ t❤②s❡❧❢ ✐♥ ❬t❤❛t❪ ❝♦♥t❡st✱
✇❤❡♥ t❤♦✉✱ ❡❛❣❡r t♦ ❤❡❧♣✱ ♠❛❞❡ s❛✈❛❣❡ Śus.n.a✱
❬✇❤♦ ✐s❪ ❝❛✉s✐♥❣ ❧❛❝❦ ♦❢ ❜❛r❧❡②✱ s✉❜❥❡❝t t♦ ❞❡s❝❡♥❞❛♥t ♦❢ Arjuna✳
✸✳ ❚❤♦✉✱ ❖ ❞❛r✐♥❣ ♦♥❡✱ ❜♦❧❞❧② ❢❛✈♦✉r❡❞ Sudās✱
✇❤♦s❡ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣s ❛r❡ ❡♥❥♦②❛❜❧❡✱ ✇✐t❤ ❡✈❡r② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❤❡❧♣✐♥❣❀
t❤♦✉ ❢❛✈♦✉r❡❞ Paurukutsya Trasadasyu✱
t❤❡ Pūru ❬❝❧❛♥❪ ✐♥ ♦❜t❛✐♥✐♥❣ s♣❛❝❡ ❛♥❞ s❧❛②✐♥❣ Vr.tra✳
✹✳ ❉✉r✐♥❣ ❛r♦✉s✐♥❣ ♦❢ deva✲s✱ t❤♦✉✱ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ♠❡♥✱
❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ♠❛♥❧② ♠✐♥❞s❡t✱
❞❡str♦② ♥✉♠❡r♦✉s ♦❜st❛❝❧❡s ✱ ✷
❖ ✐♥✲♣♦ss❡ss✐♦♥ ♦❢ t❛✇♥② ❤♦rs❡s ♦♥❡✦
❚❤♦✉ ❞✐❞ ♣✉t t♦ s❧❡❡♣ ✖ ✐♥ ♦r❞❡r t♦ ❞❡❝❡✐✈❡ ✖
t❤❡ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡ t♦ s✉✛❡r ✇❛♥t✱
❬❞❡♠♦♥s❪ Cumuri ❛♥❞ Dhuni ✖ t♦ ❜❡ s❧❛✐♥ ❡❛s✐❧②✳
✺✳ ❚❤♦s❡ t❤② ❝♦♥tr✐✈❛♥❝❡s✱ ❖ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲✐♥✲❤❛♥❞ ♦♥❡✱
✇❤❡♥ ✐♥ ❛♥ ✐♥st❛♥❝❡ t❤♦✉ ❞✐❞ ♦✈❡r❝♦♠❡
♥✐♥❡t② ♥✐♥❡ ✇❛❧❧s ❬♦❢ Śambara❪
✸
t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞t❤ ❛t t❤❡ ❡♥❝❛♠♣♠❡♥t✦
❆♥❞ t❤♦✉ ❞✐❞ s❧❛② Vr.tra ❛♥❞ t❤♦✉ ❞✐❞ s❧❛② Namuci✳
✻✳ ❚❤❡s❡ t❤② ❛♥❝✐❡♥t ❡♥❥♦②♠❡♥ts✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❛r❡ ❢♦r Sudās✱
❬✇❤♦ ✐s❪ ✇♦rs❤✐♣✐♥❣ ❤✐♠
✇❤♦♠ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣s ❛r❡ ❣✐✈❡♥ ✇✐t❤ r❡✈❡r❡♥❝❡✳
❋♦r t❤❡ ❜✉❧❧ ✖ ❢♦r t❤❡❡ ✖ ■ ②♦❦❡ t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ❜✉❧❧s✳
▼❛② ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥s s❡t ✐♥ ♠♦t✐♦♥ ❛ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱
❖ ✈❡r② ❤❡❧♣❢✉❧ ♦♥❡✦

✶ Indra ❛❞❡♣t
✷ vrtra✲s
.
✸ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✻✳✹✼✳✷❝❞
✽✶✵

mā´ te asyā´m
. sahasāvanpáris..tāvaghā´ya
bhūma harivah. parādáı |
trā´yasva no ′vr.kébhirvárūthais
táva priyā´sah. sūrı́s.u syāma || 7 ||

priyā´sa ı́tte maghavannabhı́s..tau

náro madema śaran.é sákhāyah. |
nı́ turváśam. nı́ yā´dvam
. śiśı̄hyatithigvā´ya
śám
. syam. karis.yán || 8 ||

sadyáścinnú té maghavannabhı́s..tau

nárah. śam . santyukthaśā´sa ukthā´ |
yé te hávebhirvı́ pan.´ı̄m̃
. rádāśannasmā´n
vr.n.ı̄s.va yújyāya tásmai || 9 ||

eté stómā narā´m . nr.tama túbhyam

asmadryàñco dádato maghā´ni |
tés.āmindra vr.trahátye śivó bhūh.
sákhā ca śū´ro ′vitā´ ca nr.n.ā´m || 10 ||

nū´ indra śūra stávamāna ūt´ı̄

bráhmajūtastanvā` vāvr.dhasva |
úpa no vā´jānmimı̄hyúpa st´ı̄n
yūyám. pāta svastı́bhih. sádā nah. || 11 ||
 ✽✶✶

✼✳ ■♥ t❤✐s ❞✐str❡ss✱ ❖ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ str❡♥❣t❤ ♦♥❡✱

♠❛② ■ ♥♦t ❣✐✈❡ t❤② ❣r♦✉♥❞ ♦✈❡r t♦ ❡✈✐❧✱
❖ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞✲❜②✲t❛✇♥②✲♦♥❡s ♦♥❡✦
❉♦ ♣r♦t❡❝ts ✉s ✇✐t❤ ♥♦♥✲t❡❛r✐♥❣ ❛r♠♦✉r✦
❆♠♦♥❣ ✐♥st✐t✉t♦rs ♦❢ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡ ❬t♦ t❤❡❡❪✱ ♠❛② ✇❡ ❜❡ t❤② ❢❛✈♦r✐t❡s✦
✽✳ ❖♥❧② ❬❛s❪ ❢❛✈♦r✐t❡ ♦❢ t❤❡❡ ❢♦r ❛♥ ❛ss✐st❛♥❝❡✱ ❖ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡✱
✇❡✱ ♠❡♥✱ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s ✐♥ ❬t❤②❪ s❤❡❧t❡r✱ ❝❛♥ r❡❥♦✐❝❡✦
●r✐♥❞ ❞♦✇♥ Turvaśa✱ ❞♦✇♥ t❤❡ ❞❡s❝❡♥❞❛♥t ♦❢ Yadu✱
❬t❤♦✉❪ ❛❜♦✉t t♦ ♣❡r❢♦r♠ ❢♦r Atithigva ✇❤❛t ✐s ♣r❛✐s❡✇♦rt❤②✳
✾✳ ■♥❞❡❡❞✱ ❥✉st ✐♥ ❛♥ ✐♥st❛♥t✱ t❤❡②✱ t❤❡ ♠❡♥✱
✇❤♦ ❛r❡ ✉♥❞❡r ❬t❤②✱❪ ❖ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡✱ ♣r♦t❡❝t✐♦♥✱
❬✇❤♦ ❛r❡❪ ✉tt❡r✐♥❣✲✈❡rs❡s✱ ❬✇✐❧❧❪ r❡❝✐t❡ t❤❡ ✈❡rs❡s✳
❋♦r t❤✐s ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s❤✐♣ ❝❤♦♦s❡ ✉s
✇❤♦ r❡❢✉s❡❞ t♦ ❤♦♥♦r ♥✐❣❣❛r❞s ✇✐t❤ ✐♥✈♦❝❛t✐♦♥s✳
✶✵✳ ❚❤❡s❡ ❤②♠♥s ♦❢ ♣r❛✐s❡ t♦ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ ♠♦st ♠❛♥❧② ♦❢ ♠❡♥✱
❬❛r❡❪ t✉r♥✐♥❣ ❬♦❜st❛❝❧❡s❪ ❛✇❛② ❢r♦♠ ✉s✱ ❬❛r❡❪ ❣✐✈✐♥❣ ❜♦✉♥t✐❡s❀
■♥ s❧❛②✐♥❣ Vr.tra✱ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱
s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❞❡str♦②✐♥❣ r❡❛❝t✐✈❡ ✐♠♣✉❧s✐✈❡♥❡ss✱
❛♥❞ ❛ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥✱ ❛♥ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱ ❛♥❞ ❛ ❤❡❧♣❡r ♦❢ ♠❡♥✳
✶✶✳ ◆♦✇✱ ❖ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡ Indra✱
♣r❛✐s✐♥❣ ❬t❤② ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡r❪ ❜② ❛ss✐st✐♥❣ ❬❤✐♠❪✱
✐♠♣❡❧❧❡❞ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ s❛❝r❡❞ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛✱
❜❡❝♦♠❡ str♦♥❣❡r t❤r♦✉❣❤♦✉t t❤❡ ❜♦❞②✱✹
❛❧❧♦t t♦ ✉s✱ t♦ ❬♦✉r❪ ❛ss✐st❛♥ts r✉s❤❡s ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✦
▼❛② ②❡✺ ❛❧✇❛②s ♣r♦t❡❝t ✉s ✇✐t❤ ❬②♦✉r❪ ❜❧❡ss✐♥❣s✦

✹ t❤✐s ❧✐♥❡ ✐s ❛❧♠♦st s❛♠❡ ❛s ✸✳✸✹✳✶❝

✺ deva✲s
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✼✳✷✵

Vasis..tha Maitravarun.i | Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra

ugró jajñe vı̄ryā`ya svadhā´vāñ

cákrirápo náryo yátkaris.yán |
jágmiryúvā nr..sádanamávobhis
trātā´ na ı́ndra énaso maháścit || 1 ||

hántā vr.trámı́ndrah. śū´śuvānah.

prā´vı̄nnú vı̄ró jaritā´ramūt´ı̄ |
kártā sudā´se áha vā´ u lokám .
dā´tā vásu múhurā´ dāśús.e bhūt || 2 ||

yudhmó anarvā´ khajakŕ.tsamádvā

śū´rah. satrās.ā´d.janús.emás.ā..dhah. |
vyā`sa ı́ndrah. pŕ.tanāh. svójā
ádhā vı́śvam. śatrūyántam . jaghāna || 3 ||

ubhé cidindra ródası̄ mahitvā´

paprātha távis.ı̄bhistuvis.mah. |
nı́ vájramı́ndro hárivānmı́miks.an
sámándhasā mádes.u vā´ uvoca || 4 ||

vŕ..sā jajāna vŕ..san.am

. rán.āya
támu cinnā´rı̄ náryam . sasūva |
prá yáh. senān´ı̄rádha nŕ.bhyo ástı̄náh.
sátvā gavés.an.ah. sá dhr..sn.úh. || 5 ||

nū´ citsá bhres.ate jáno ná res.an

máno yó asya ghorámāvı́vāsāt |
yajñáıryá ı́ndre dádhate dúvām . si
ks.áyatsá rāyá .rtapā´ .rtejā´h. || 6 ||
 ✽✶✸

✶✳ ❋❡r♦❝✐♦✉s✱ ❤❡ ✇❛s ❜♦r♥ ❢♦r ❛ ❞❡❡❞ ♦❢ ✈❛❧♦r✱

✶
❬❤❡✱❪ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r ♦❢ s❡❧❢✲❞❡t❡r♠✐♥❛t✐♦♥✱
❞♦✐♥❣ ✇♦r❦ t❤❛t ❛ ♠❛♥❧② ♦♥❡ ✇✐❧❧ ❞♦✳
❆ ②♦✉t❤ ✐♥ ❝♦♥st❛♥t ♠♦t✐♦♥✱ ❖ Indra✱
❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❢❛✈♦✉rs t♦ ❬t❤✐s❪ ❛ss❡♠❜❧② ♦❢ ♠❡♥
t❤♦✉ ❬❛r❡❪ ♦✉r ❞❡❢❡♥❞❡r ❢r♦♠ ❡✈❡♥ ❜✐❣❣❡r ❡✈✐❧✳
✷✳ ❙❧❛②❡r ♦❢ Vr.tra✱ Indra✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ s✇❡❧❧❡❞✱
❤❛s ❥✉st ❢❛✈♦✉r❡❞✱ ❬❤❡✱❪ ❛ ❤❡r♦✱ t❤❡ ✐♥✈♦❦❡r ✇✐t❤ ❛♥ ❛ss✐st❛♥❝❡✳
❈r❡❛t♦r ♦❢ s♣❛❝❡ ✖ ❛t ❧❡❛st ❢♦r Sudās ✖
❣✐✈❡r ♦❢ ✇❤❛t✬s ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧✱
❤❡ s❤❛❧❧ s✉❞❞❡♥❧② ♣r❡s❡♥t ❬❤✐♠s❡❧❢❪ t♦ ❛ ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡r✳
✸✳ ❆ ♥♦t✲t♦✲❜❡✲♦❜str✉❝t❡❞ ✜❣❤t❡r✱
❝❛✉s✐♥❣ t❤❡ t✉♠✉❧t ❬♦❢ ❜❛tt❧❡❪✱ ❝♦♠❜❛t✐✈❡✱
❬❤❡ ✐s❪ ❛♥ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱ ❜② ❬❤✐s❪ ♥❛t✉r❡
❬❤❡ ✐s❪ ♣r❡✈❛✐❧✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❡✈❡r② ✇❛②✱ ✐♥✈✐♥❝✐❜❧❡✳
Indra✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ♠✉❝❤ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱ ❤❛s ❞✐sr✉♣t❡❞ ❜❛tt❧❡ ❢♦r♠❛t✐♦♥s✱
t❤❡♥ ❤❡ s❧❛②❡❞ ❡✈❡r②♦♥❡ ✇❤♦ ✇❛s ❛♥ ❡♥❡♠②✳
✹✳ ❚❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ✜❧❧❡❞ ✇✐t❤ ❬t❤②❪ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❡①♣❛♥❞
✐♥❞❡❡❞ ❜♦t❤ Rodas✲❡s✱ ❖ Indra✱
✉s✐♥❣ ❬t❤②❪ ♣♦✇❡rs t♦ ❝♦♥tr♦❧ ❬❜♦❞② ❛♥❞ ♠✐♥❞❪✱ ❖ ✐♥✲❝♦♥tr♦❧ ♦♥❡✦
Indra✱ ❖ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞✲❜②✲t❛✇♥②✲♦♥❡s✱
❬✐s❪ ♠✐①✐♥❣ ✐♥t♦ ❬Rodas✲❡s❪ t❤❡ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t❀
❞✉r✐♥❣ ✐♥t♦①✐❝❛t✐♦♥s ❤❡ ❤❛s ❜❡❡♥ ❬♠♦st❪ ✜tt✐♥❣
❬✇❤❡♥❪ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ❬Soma❪ ❤❡r❜✳
✺✳ ❆ ❜✉❧❧ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❡❞ ❛ ❜✉❧❧ ❢♦r ❛ ❜❛tt❧❡❀
✷ ✸
✐♥❞❡❡❞ ❤✐♠✱ ♠❛♥❧② ♦♥❡✱ ❛ ✇♦♠❛♥ ❤❛s ❜❡❣♦t❀
✇❤♦✱ ♠♦r❡♦✈❡r✱ ❬❛s❪ ❛ ❧❡❛❞❡r ♦❢ ❛♥ ❛r♠②
st❛♥❞s ♦✉t ❛♠♦♥❣ ❬♦t❤❡r❪ ♠❡♥✱
❬✇❤♦ ✐s❪ ❛♥ ✐♥❢✉s✐♥❣ str❡♥❣t❤ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ ✐♥s♣✐r✐♥❣ ✇♦r❞s
✜❣❤t❡r✱ ❤❡ ✐s ❞❛r✐♥❣✳
✻✳ ❙✉❝❤ ♣❡rs♦♥ ♥❡✈❡r ✇❛✈❡rs✱ ❤❡ s❤❛❧❧ ♥♦t ❜❡ ❧♦st
✇❤♦ ❞❡s✐r❡s t♦ ♣r♦❝✉r❡ t❤❡ t❡rr✐❢②✐♥❣ ♠✐♥❞ ♦❢ t❤✐s ♦♥❡ ❀
✹
✇❤♦ ✇✐t❤ ✜r❡ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣s ♣✉ts ❣❡st✉r❡s ♦❢ ❝♦♠♠✐t♠❡♥t ✐♥t♦ Indra✱
❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡ ❤❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❞✇❡❧❧ ✉♥❞✐st✉r❜❡❞✱
♣r♦t❡❝t✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❝♦❤❡r❡♥❝❡ ❬❜❡t✇❡❡♥ ❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ ❛♥❞ ✇✐❧❧❪✱
♠❛♥✐❢❡st✐♥❣ ❬❛❝t✐✈✐t②❪ ✇❤❡♥ t❤❡ ❝♦❤❡r❡♥❝❡ ❬✐s ♣r❡s❡♥t❪✳
✶ t♦✲❜❡✲✐♥✐t✐❛t❡❞ ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡r ♦❢ Indra
✷ Indra
✸ ❛❞❡♣t ♦❢ Indra
✹ Indra
✽✶✹

yádindra pū´rvo áparāya śı́ks.annáyaj

jyā´yānkánı̄yaso des.n.ám |
amŕ.ta ı́tpáryāsı̄ta dūrám
ā´ citra cı́tryam . nah. || 7 ||
. bharā rayı́m

yásta indra priyó jáno dádāśad

ásannireké adrivah. sákhā te |
vayám. te asyā´m
. sumatau ´ cánis..thāh.
´
syāma várūthe ághnato nŕ.pı̄tau || 8 ||

es.á stómo acikradadvŕ..sā ta

utá stāmúrmaghavannakrapis..ta |
rāyáskā´mo jaritā´ram
. ta ā´gan
tvámaṅgá śakra vásva ā´ śako nah. || 9 ||

sá na indra tváyatāyā is.é dhās

tmánā ca yé maghávāno junánti |
vásvı̄ .sú te jaritré astu śaktı́r
yūyám. pāta svastı́bhih. sádā nah. || 10 ||
 ✽✶✺

✼✳ ❲❤❡♥✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❤❡ ✇❤♦ ✐s ✐♥ ❢r♦♥t ❬✐s❪ ❡❛❣❡r t♦ ❤❡❧♣

t♦ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ❢♦❧❧♦✇s✱
❤❡✱ t❤❡ s✉♣❡r✐♦r✱ s❤❛❧❧ ❣♦ t♦✇❛r❞s ✐♥❢❡r✐♦r✬s ❣✐❢t ✖
❡✈❡♥ ❛♥ ✐♠♠♦rt❛❧ ❝❛♥ s✐t r♦✉♥❞ ❛ ❤✉t✳
❇r✐♥❣ ❤❡r❡ ❢♦r ✉s✱ ❖ ♠❛♥✐❢♦❧❞ ♦♥❡✱ t❤❡ r❡♠❛r❦❛❜❧❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡✦
✽✳ ❲❤✐❝❤ t❤② ❢❛✈♦r✐t❡ ♣❡rs♦♥ ❤❛s ❤♦♥♦r❡❞ ❬t❤❡❡❪✱ ❖ Indra✱
❤❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡ t❤②✱ ❖ st♦♥❡✲✇✐❡❧❞❡r✱ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥ ❛❜♦✈❡ ❛❧❧✳
▼❛② ✇❡ ✐♥ t❤✐s ❢❛✈♦✉r❛❜❧❡ ❞✐s♣♦s✐t✐♦♥ ❜❡ ✈❡r② ❛❝❝❡♣t❛❜❧❡ t♦ t❤❡❡✦
■♥ ❬t❤✐s❪ ❛r♠♦✉r✱ ❬♠❛② ✇❡ ❜❡❪ ♥♦♥✲✐♥❥✉r✐♥❣ ✇❤❡♥ ♣r♦t❡❝t✐♥❣ ♠❡♥✳
✾✳ ❚❤✐s ✐♠♣r❡❣♥❛t✐♥❣ ❤②♠♥ ♦❢ ♣r❛✐s❡ ✐s ❝❛❧❧✐♥❣ ♦✉t t♦ t❤❡❡✱
❛♥❞✱ ❬t❤♦✉❣❤❪ t❤✉♥❞❡r✐♥❣✱ ❖ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡✱ ✐t ✐s ✐♠♣❧♦r✐♥❣✳
❆ ❧♦♥❣✐♥❣ ❢♦r t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡ ❝❛♠❡ ✉♣♦♥ t❤② ✐♥✈♦❦❡r❀
♥♦✇✱ ♥♦✇✱ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ ❡♠♣♦✇❡r✐♥❣ ♦♥❡✱
s❤❛❧❧ ❧❡t ✉s ♣❛rt❛❦❡ ♦❢ ✇❤❛t✬s ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧✦
✶✵✳ ❙✉❝❤ t❤♦✉ ✱ ❖ Indra✱ s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ ♣♦s✐t✐♦♥❡❞ ✉s
✺
❢♦r ♦✛❡r❡❞ t♦ t❤❡❡ ❧✐❜❛t✐♦♥ ✖
❛t ❧❡❛st✱ t❤♦s❡ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡s✱ ✇❤♦ ✐♥❝✐t❡ ❬t❤❡❡❪✱
❬s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ ❞♦♥❡ s♦❪✳
▼❛② t❤❡ ❬r❛✐s❡❞❪ ❡♥❡r❣② ❜❡ ❣r❡❛t❧② ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧ t♦ t❤② ✐♥✈♦❦❡r✦
▼❛② ②❡ ❛❧✇❛②s ♣r♦t❡❝t ✉s ✇✐t❤ ❬②♦✉r❪ ❜❧❡ss✐♥❣s✦
✻

✺ t❤❛t ✐s✱ ✏❡♠♣♦✇❡r✐♥❣✑

✻ deva✲s
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✼✳✷✶

Vasis..tha Maitravarun.i | Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra

. gó ..rjı̄kamándho
ásāvi devám
nyàsminnı́ndro janús.emuvoca |
bódhāmasi tvā haryaśva yajñáır
bódhā na stómamándhaso mádes.u || 1 ||

prá yanti yajñám . vipáyanti barhı́h.

somamā´do vidáthe dudhrávācah. |
nyù bhriyante yaśáso gr.bhā´dā´
dūrá .upabdo vŕ..san.o nr..sā´cah. || 2 ||

tvámindra srávitavā´ apáskah.

páris..thitā áhinā śūra pūrv´ı̄h. |
tvádvāvakre rathyò ná dhénā
réjante vı́śvā kr.trı́mān.i bhı̄s.ā´ || 3 ||

bhı̄mó vives.ā´yudhebhires.ām
ápām. si vı́śvā náryān.i vidvā´n |
ı́ndrah. púro járhr..sān.o vı́ dūdhod
vı́ vájrahasto mahinā´ jaghāna || 4 ||

ná yātáva indra jūjuvurno

ná vándanā śavis..tha vedyā´bhih. |
sá śardhadaryó vı́s.un.asya jantór
mā´ śiśnádevā ápi gurr.tám
. nah. || 5 ||

abhı́ krátvendra bhūrádha jmán

ná te vivyaṅmahimā´nam . si |
. rájām
svénā hı́ vr.trám
. śávasā jaghántha
ná śátrurántam . vividadyudhā´ te || 6 ||
 ✽✶✼

✶✳ ❈❡❧❡st✐❛❧ ❝♦♥❞✉❝✐✈❡✲t♦✲❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡✲❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s ❤❡r❜ ❤❛s ❜❡❡♥ ♣r❡ss❡❞❀

Indra ❜② ❬❤✐s❪ ♥❛t✉r❡ ❤❛s t❛❦❡♥ ♣❧❡❛s✉r❡ ✐♥ ✐t✳
❲❡ ❛tt❡♥❞ t♦ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❛✇♥② ❤♦rs❡s ♦♥❡✱
✇✐t❤ ✜r❡ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣s ✖
✐♥ r❛♣t✉r❡s ♦❢ t❤❡ ❤❡r❜ ❜❡ ❛✇❛r❡ ♦❢ ♦✉r ❤②♠♥ ♦❢ ♣r❛✐s❡✦
✖✖
✷✳ ❚❤❡② ❬✇❤♦❪ ❛rr✐✈❡ ❛t ❛ ✜r❡ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣ ❬❛♥❞❪ ❞✐st✉r❜ s❛❝r✐✜❝✐❛❧ ❣r❛ss✱
❬✇❤♦s❡❪ s♣❡❡❝❤✱ ✐♥t♦①✐❝❛t❡❞ ❜② Soma✱
❬✐s❪ ♣r♦✈♦❦✐♥❣ ❛♥❣❡r ❛t ❛ ❦♥♦✇❧❡❞❣❡✲s❤❛r✐♥❣ s❡ss✐♦♥ ✖
t❤❡② ❛r❡ ❞❡♠♦t❡❞ ❢r♦♠ ❬t❤❡ ♣♦s✐t✐♦♥ ♦❢❪ ❡st❡❡♠❡❞ ❛ss✐st❛♥ts
❬s♦ t❤❛t❪ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② ♠❡♥ ❜✉❧❧s
❬❛r❡ ❥✉st❪ ❛ ❢❛r✲❛✇❛② ♥♦✐s❡ ❬❢♦r t❤❡♠❪✳
✖✖
✸✳ ❚❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ s❤❛❧❧ ♠❛❦❡ t❤❡ ✇❛t❡rs ✢♦✇ ✖
❬t❤♦s❡❪ ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥t s✉rr♦✉♥❞❡❞ ❜② t❤❡ s♥❛❦❡ ♦♥❡s✱
❖ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✦
◆♦✉r✐s❤✐♥❣ str❡❛♠s ❤❛✈❡ ❣♦♥❡ ❝r♦♦❦❡❞❧②
❛s ❝❤❛r✐♦t❡❡rs ❬❛t ❛ t✉r♥❪✱
❛❧❧ ❛rt✐✜❝✐❛❧ ❞❛♠s tr❡♠❜❧❡ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ❢❡❛r ♦❢ t❤❡❡✳
✖✖
✹✳ ❍❡✱ ❢❡❛rs♦♠❡✱ ❤❛s ❞♦♥❡ t❤❡ ✇♦r❦ ✇✐t❤ ✇❡❛♣♦♥s ♦❢ t❤❡s❡ ❬♠❡♥❪✱
❬❤❡✱❪ ❦♥♦✇✐♥❣ ❛❧❧ ♠❛♥❧② ❧❛❜♦rs✳
Indra✱ ❣r♦✇✐♥❣ ✐♠♣❛t✐❡♥t✱ s❤❛❧❧ s❤❛❦❡ ♦✛ ❛❧❧ str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞s✳
❚❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲✐♥✲❤❛♥❞✱ ❤❡ ❜r♦❦❡ ❬t❤❡♠❪ ❛♣❛rt
❜② ❬❤✐s ♠❡r❡❪ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ✐♥❝r❡❛s❡✲✐♥✲s✐③❡✳
✖✖
✺✳ ■♥❢❛t✉❛t✐♦♥s ❞♦ ♥♦t ❞r✐✈❡ ✉s✱ ❖ Indra✱
♥❡✐t❤❡r ♣r❛✐s❡s ❛❝t✉❛❧❧② ❞♦✱
❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♠♦st ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡ ♦♥❡✦
❖♥❡ s❤❛❧❧ ♠♦❝❦ ❛ ❝r❡❛t✉r❡ t❤❛t ❛✈♦✐❞s t❤❡ r✐s✐♥❣ ✉♣✇❛r❞s ♦♥❡✳
▼❛② ♥♦t t❤♦s❡ t♦ ✇❤♦♠ ♣❤❛❧❧✉s ✐s deva
❝♦♠❡ ✐♥t♦ t❤❡ st❛t❡ ♦❢ ❝♦❤❡r❡♥❝❡ t❤❛t ✐s ❬❧✐❦❡❪ ♦✉rs✦
✻✳ ▼♦r❡♦✈❡r✱ ✐♥ ❛ r❛✐❞ ✱ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ♦✈❡r❬❝♦♠✐♥❣❪
✶
t❤r♦✉❣❤ r❡s♦✉r❝❡❢✉❧♥❡ss✦
❖♥❡ s❤❛❧❧ ♥♦t ❝♦♥t❛✐♥ t❤② ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ✐♥❝r❡❛s❡✲✐♥✲s✐③❡✱
❬❛♥❞ ✐ts❪ r❡❣✐♦♥s✳
❙✐♥❝❡ t❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ s❧❛②❡❞ Vr.tra ✇✐t❤ t❤② ♦✇♥ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱
❛♥ ❡♥❡♠② ❤❛s ♥♦t ❢♦✉♥❞ t❤r♦✉❣❤ ✜❣❤t✐♥❣ t❤② ❧✐♠✐t✭s✮✳
✶ jman ❤❡r❡ ✐s ✉♥❞❡rst♦♦❞ ❛s ajman ✐♥ s✐♥❣✳❧♦❝✳
✽✶✽

devā´ścitte asuryā`ya pū´rvé ′nu

ks.atrā´ya mamire sáhām . si |
ı́ndro maghā´ni dayate vis.áhyéndram.
vā´jasya johuvanta sātau ´ || 7 ||

kı̄rı́ściddhı́ tvā´mávase juhā´véśānam

indra saubhagasya
´ bhū´reh. |
ávo babhūtha śatamūte asmé
abhiks.attústvā´vato varūtā´ || 8 ||

sákhāyasta indra viśváha syāma

namovr.dhā´so mahinā´ tarutra |
vanvántu smā té ′vasā samı̄kè ′bh`ı̄tim
aryó vanús.ām . si || 9 ||
. śávām

sá na indra tváyatāyā is.é dhās

tmánā ca yé maghávāno junánti |
vásvı̄ .sú te jaritré astu śaktı́r
yūyám. pāta svastı́bhih. sádā nah. || 10 ||
 ✽✶✾

✼✳ ❊✈❡♥ deva✲s ✇❤♦ ✇❡r❡ ♣r✐♦r t♦ t❤② ❣✉✐❞❛♥❝❡

♠♦❞❡r❛t❡❞ ❬t❤②❪ ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ ♣♦✇❡rs t♦ ❣❡t ❛ ❞♦♠✐♥✐♦♥✳
❖✈❡r♣♦✇❡r✐♥❣✱ Indra ❜❡st♦✇s ❜♦✉♥t✐❡s✳
❲❤❡♥ ♦❜t❛✐♥✐♥❣ t❤❡ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱
t❤❡② ❝❛❧❧ ❛❣❛✐♥ ❛♥❞ ❛❣❛✐♥ ✉♣♦♥ Indra✳
✽✳ ❙✐♥❝❡ ❡✈❡♥ t❤❡ ♣r❛✐s❡r ❤❛s s❛❝r✐✜❝❡❞ t♦ t❤❡❡
❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ ❬t❤②❪ ❤❡❧♣✱
❬t♦ t❤❡❡✱❪ ❖ Indra✱
❬✇❤♦ ✐s❪ ✐♥ ❝❤❛r❣❡ ♦❢ ❢r❡q✉❡♥t ❛✉s♣✐❝✐♦✉s ❬❣✐✈✐♥❣❪✱
t❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ❜❡❡♥ ♦❢ ❤❡❧♣ t♦ ✉s✱ ❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ✇❛②s t♦ ❤❡❧♣✱
❬t❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ❜❡❡♥❪ t❤❡ ♣r♦t❡❝t♦r ♦❢ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦✱ ❧✐❦❡ t❤♦✉✱ ❞✐str✐❜✉t❡s✳
✾✳ ▼❛② ✇❡ ❜❡ t❤② ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s ❛t ❛❧❧ t✐♠❡s✱ ❖ Indra✱
❬✇❡✱❪ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥✐♥❣ r❡✈❡r❡♥❝❡ ❬t♦✇❛r❞s t❤❡❡❪✱
❖ ♦♥❡ ✇❤♦ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ✐♥❝r❡❛s❡✲✐♥✲s✐③❡ ❝❛rr✐❡s ❛❝r♦ss✦
▼❛② ❤✐s ✱ ✇❤♦ t❡♥❞s ✉♣✇❛r❞s✱ ♣♦✇❡rs t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡
✷
✐♥ t❤♦s❡ ❡❛❣❡r t♦ ❛tt❛❝❦
♣❧❛❝❡✱ ✇✐t❤ t❤② ❤❡❧♣✱ ✇✐t❤✐♥ ❬t❤❡✐r❪ r❡❛❝❤
❛♥ ❛❝t✉❛❧ ❛tt❛❝❦ ❞✉r✐♥❣ ❛ ❝❧♦s❡ ❝♦♠❜❛t✦
✶✵✳ ❙✉❝❤ t❤♦✉ ✱ ❖ Indra✱ s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ ♣♦s✐t✐♦♥❡❞ ✉s
✸
❢♦r ♦✛❡r❡❞ t♦ t❤❡❡ ❧✐❜❛t✐♦♥ ✖
❛t ❧❡❛st✱ t❤♦s❡ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡s✱ ✇❤♦ ✐♥❝✐t❡ ❬t❤❡❡❪✱
❬s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ ❞♦♥❡ s♦❪✳
▼❛② t❤❡ ❬r❛✐s❡❞❪ ❡♥❡r❣② ❜❡ ❣r❡❛t❧② ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧ t♦ t❤② ✐♥✈♦❦❡r✦
▼❛② ②❡ ❛❧✇❛②s ♣r♦t❡❝t ✉s ✇✐t❤ ❬②♦✉r❪ ❜❧❡ss✐♥❣s✦
✹

✷ ♣❤❛❧❧✉s✬
✸ t❤❛t ✐s✱ ✏❡♠♣♦✇❡r✐♥❣✑
✹ deva✲s
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✼✳✷✷

Vasis..tha Maitravarun.i | ✶✕✽ Virāj✱ ✾ Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra

pı́bā sómamindra mándatu tvā yám . te sus.ā´va haryaśvā´drih. |

sotúrbāhúbhyām
. súyato n ´
ā rvā || 1 ||

yáste mádo yújyaścā´rurásti yéna vr.trā´n.i haryaśva hám

. si |
sá tvā´mindra prabhūvaso mamattu || 2 ||

bódhāsúmemaghavanvā´camémā´m. yā´m
. te vásis..tho árcatipráśastim |
imā´ bráhma sadhamā´de jus.asva || 3 ||

śrudh´ı̄ hávam. vipipānásyā´drerbódhā vı́prasyā´rcato manı̄s.ā´m |

´ . syántamā sácemā´ || 4 ||
kr..svā dúvām

ná te gı́ro ápi mr..sye turásya ná sus..tutı́masuryàsya vidvā´n |

sádā te nā´ma svayaśo vivakmi || 5 ||

bhū´ri hı́ te sávanā mā´nus.es.u bhū´ri manı̄s.´ı̄ havate tvā´mı́t |

mā´ré asmánmaghavañjyókkah. || 6 ||

túbhyédimā´ sávanā śūra vı́śvā

túbhyam. bráhmān.i várdhanā kr.n.omi |
. nŕ.bhirhávyo viśvádhāsi || 7 ||
tvám

nū´ cinnú te mányamānasya dasmódaśnuvanti mahimā´namugra |

ná vı̄ryàmindra te ná rā´dhah. || 8 ||

yé ca pū´rva .ŕ.sayo yé ca nū´tnā

ı́ndra bráhmān.i janáyanta vı́prāh. |
asmé te santu sakhyā´ śivā´ni
. pāta svastı́bhih. sádā nah. || 9 ||
yūyám
 ✽✷✶

✶✳ ❉r✐♥❦ Soma✱ ❖ Indra✦ ▲❡t ❬✐t❪ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t❡ t❤❡❡✦

❬❉r✐♥❦ Soma❪ t❤❛t t❤❡ st♦♥❡ ♣r❡ss❡❞ ♦✉t ❢♦r t❤❡❡✱
❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❛✇♥② ❤♦rs❡s ♦♥❡✱
❬t❤❡ st♦♥❡ t❤❛t ✐s❪ ✇❡❧❧✲❣✉✐❞❡❞ ❜② ♣r❡ss❡r✬s ❛r♠s
❛s ✐❢ ❬✐t ✇❛s❪ ❛ ❝♦✉rs❡r✳
✷✳ ❲❤✐❝❤ t♦✲❜❡✲❡♠♣❧♦②❡❞ ✐♥t♦①✐❝❛t✐♦♥ ✐s t❤② ❢❛✈♦r✐t❡✱
✇✐t❤ ✇❤✐❝❤ t❤♦✉ ❞❡str♦② ♦❜st❛❝❧❡s✱ ❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❛✇♥② ❤♦rs❡s ♦♥❡✱
❧❡t t❤❛t ♦♥❡✱ ❖ ♦♥❡ ✇❤♦s❡ ❜❡♥❡✜ts ❛r❡ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st✱
✶
✐♥t♦①✐❝❛t❡ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Indra✦
✸✳ ❇❡ ✇❡❧❧ ❛✇❛r❡✱ ❖ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡✱ ♦❢ t❤✐s ♠② s♣❡❡❝❤
✇❤✐❝❤ Vas.is..tha ❬✐s❪ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t✐♥❣ ❢♦r t❤❡❡ ❛s s✉✣❝✐❡♥t✳
❉✉r✐♥❣ ❞r✐♥❦✐♥❣ ❜♦✉t ❢r❡q✉❡♥t t❤❡s❡ ❬✈❡rs❡s ❪✱ t❤❡ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛✦
✷
✹✳ ❍❡❛r t❤❡ ❝❛❧❧ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❞r✐♥❦✐♥❣ ✉♣ ❬Soma ❥✉✐❝❡❪ st♦♥❡✱
❜❡ ❛✇❛r❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❝♦♥❝❡♣t✐♦♥
♦❢ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t✐♥❣✲✇✐t❤✲s♣❡❡❝❤ ✐♥✇❛r❞❧② ❡①❝✐t❡❞ ♦♥❡✱
♠❛❦❡ ❣❡st✉r❡s ♦❢ ❝♦♠♠✐t♠❡♥t ✐♥t✐♠❛t❡
❜② ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥②✐♥❣ t❤❡s❡ ❬✈❡rs❡s❪✳
✖✖
✺✳ ■ ❞♦ ♥♦t ❢♦r❣❡t ❝❤❛♥ts ♦❢ ❛ ✇✐❧❧✐♥❣ ♦♥❡ t♦ t❤❡❡❀
♥♦t ❦♥♦✇✐♥❣ ❛ ❝♦rr❡❝t❧② ❛rt✐❝✉❧❛t❡❞ ♣r❛✐s❡ ♦❢ ❬t❤②❪ ❣✉✐❞❛♥❝❡✱
■ ❛❧✇❛②s ❡①♣r❡ss ❛❞♦r❛t✐♦♥ ❢♦r t❤❡❡✱ ❖ ✇♦rt❤②✲❜②✲t❤②s❡❧❢ ♦♥❡✦
✻✳ ❖❢t❡♥ ❛♠♦♥❣ ❤✉♠❛♥s✱ t❤❡r❡ ❬❛r❡❪ ♣r❡ss✐♥❣s ❢♦r t❤② s❛❦❡✱
♦❢t❡♥ ❛ ❧❡❛r♥❡❞ ♦♥❡ ❝❛❧❧s ✉♣♦♥ t❤❡❡ ♦♥❧②✱
❞♦ ♥♦t ❜❡ ❢❛r ❛✇❛② ❢r♦♠ ✉s ❢♦r ❛ ❧♦♥❣ t✐♠❡✦
✼✳ ❏✉st ❢♦r t❤❡❡ ❬❛r❡❪ ❛❧❧ t❤❡s❡ ♣r❡ss✐♥❣s✱ ❖ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱
❢♦r t❤❡❡ ■ ❝r❡❛t❡ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥✐♥❣ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥s✦
❆t ❛❧❧ t✐♠❡s t❤♦✉ ❛r❡ ❝❛❧❧❡❞ ✉♣♦♥ ❜② ♠❡♥✱
✽✳ ②❡t t❤❡② ♥❡✈❡r r✐s❡ ✉♣ t♦ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ✐♥❝r❡❛s❡✲✐♥✲s✐③❡
♦❢ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ ✇✐③❛r❞✱ ♦❢ t❤❡ ✐♠❛❣✐♥❡❞✱ ❖ ❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s ♦♥❡✱
♥❡✐t❤❡r ❬❞♦ t❤❡② r✐s❡ ✉♣❪ t♦ t❤②✱ Indra✱
✈❛❧♦r✱ ♥♦r t♦ ❬t❤②❪ s❛t✐s❢❛❝t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ♦♥❡✬s ❞❡s✐r❡✳
✾✳ ❲❤✐❝❤ ❢♦r♠❡r s❡❡rs ❛♥❞ ✇❤✐❝❤ ❬s❡❡rs❪ ♦❢ t❤❡ ♣r❡s❡♥t✱ ❖ Indra✱
❜❡✐♥❣ ✐♥✇❛r❞❧② ❡①❝✐t❡❞✱ s❤❛❧❧ ❝r❡❛t❡ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥s✱
♠❛② t❤② ❢❡❧❧♦✇s❤✐♣s ❜❡ ❢♦r ✉s ❞❡str♦②✐♥❣ r❡❛❝t✐✈❡ ✐♠♣✉❧s✐✈❡♥❡ss✦
▼❛② ②❡ ❛❧✇❛②s ♣r♦t❡❝t ✉s ✇✐t❤ ❬②♦✉r❪ ❜❧❡ss✐♥❣s✦
✸

✶ ✐♥♥❡r Soma
✷ ukthāni
✸ deva✲s
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✼✳✷✸

Vasis..tha Maitravarun.i | Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra

údu bráhmān.yairata śravasyéndram .

samaryé mahayā vasis..tha |
ā´ yó vı́śvāni śávasā tatā´nopaśrotā´ ma
´ı̄vato vácām . si || 1 ||

áyāmi ghós.a indra devájāmir

irajyánta yáchurúdho vı́vāci |
nahı́ svámā´yuścikité jánes.u
tā´n´ı̄dám . syáti pars.yasmā´n || 2 ||
. hām

yujé rátham . gavés.an.am . háribhyām

úpa bráhmān.i jujus.ān.ámasthuh. |
vı́ bādhis..ta syá ródası̄ mahitvéndro
vr.trā´n.yaprat´ı̄ jaghanvā´n || 3 ||

ā´paścitpipyu staryò ná gā´vo

náks.annr.tám. jaritā´rasta indra |
yāhı́ vāyúrná niyúto no áchā
tvám. hı́ dhı̄bhı́rdáyase vı́ vā´jān || 4 ||

té tvā mádā indra mādayantu

. tuvirā´dhasam
śus.mı́n.am . jaritré |
éko devatrā´ dáyase hı́ mártān
asmı́ñchūra sávane mādayasva || 5 ||

evédı́ndram . vŕ..san.am
. vájrabāhum.
vásis..thāso abhyàrcantyarkaıh ´. |
sá na stutó vı̄rávaddhātu gómad
yūyám . pāta svastı́bhih. sádā nah. || 6 ||
 ✽✷✸

✶✳ ❆t ❛ ❝♦♥t❡st✱ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥s s✇✐❢t❧②

❛❣✐t❛t❡❞ Indra❀ r❡❥♦✐❝❡✱ ❖ Vasis..tha✦
❲❤♦ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡
❤❛s ♦✈❡rs♣r❡❛❞ ❛❧❧ ❬r❡❣✐♦♥s❪✱
❤❡ ✇✐❧❧ ❤❡❛r ✉tt❡r❛♥❝❡s ♦❢ s✉❝❤ ❛s ♠❡✳
✷✳ ❆ ❜❛tt❧❡❝r②✱ ♣❡❝✉❧✐❛r t♦ t❤❡ deva✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❬✇❛s❪ r❛✐s❡❞
✇❤❡♥ t❤❡② ❛rr❛♥❣❡❞ r✐❝❤ ♣r✐③❡s ❛t ❛ s❤♦✉t✲❝♦♥t❡st✳
❙✐♥❝❡ ♦♥❡✬s ♦✇♥ ❧✐❢❡✲❢♦r❝❡ ✐s ♥♦t ❛tt❡♥❞❡❞ t♦ ✐♥ ❬t❤❡s❡❪ ♣❡♦♣❧❡✱
❬✐t ✐s❪ t❤♦✉ ❬✇❤♦❪ s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ ❝❛rr✐❡❞ ✉s ❛❝r♦ss t❤♦s❡ tr♦✉❜❧❡s✳
✸✳ ❚♦ ❥♦✐♥ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ ✐♥s♣✐r✐♥❣ ✇♦r❞s ❝❤❛r✐♦t ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s✱
❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥s s✉♣♣♦rt ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ❤❛s ❡♥❥♦②❡❞ ❬t❤❡♠❪✳
❚❤❛t ♦♥❡ ❤❛s ❞r✐✈❡♥ ❛s✉♥❞❡r t✇♦ Rodas✲❡s
✇✐t❤ ❬❤✐s❪ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❡①♣❛♥❞ ✖
Indra ❬❜❡✐♥❣❪ ✉♥♦♣♣♦s❡❞✱ ❤❛s r❡♠♦✈❡❞ ♦❜st❛❝❧❡s ✳ ✶
✹✳ ❊✈❡♥ t❤❡ ✇❛t❡rs ❤❛✈❡ s✇❡❧❧❡❞ ❧✐❦❡ ❬♣r❡✈✐♦✉s❧②✲❪❜❛rr❡♥ ❝♦✇s ✖✷
❬t❤❡r❡❢♦r❡❪ t❤② ✐♥✈♦❦❡rs✱ ❖ Indra✱
s❤❛❧❧ ❛tt❛✐♥ t❤❡ st❛t❡ ♦❢ ❝♦❤❡r❡♥❝❡ ✳ ✸
❏♦✉r♥❡② ❧✐❦❡ t❤❡ ✇✐♥❞ t♦✇❛r❞s ♦✉r s❡r✐❡s ♦❢ ✇♦r❞s✱
❜❡❝❛✉s❡ ❬♦♥❧②❪ t❤♦✉✱ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥s✱
❬✇✐❧❧❪ ✉♥❝♦✈❡r r✉s❤❡s ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✳
✺✳ ▼❛② t❤❡s❡ ✐♥t♦①✐❝❛t✐♥❣ ❞r✐♥❦s ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t❡ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Indra✱
✜❡r② ❬❜✉t❪ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥t ❣✐❢ts ❢♦r ❬t❤✐s❪ ✐♥✈♦❦❡r✦
❙✐♥❝❡ ❛♠♦♥❣ deva✲s t❤♦✉ ❛❧♦♥❡ ❞❡❢❡♥❞ ♠♦rt❛❧s✱
❞♦ ♠❛❦❡ t❤②s❡❧❢✱ ❖ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t❡❞
❞✉r✐♥❣ t❤✐s ♣r❡ss✐♥❣ ❬♦❢ Soma❪✦
✻✳ Vasis..tha✲s ❝❡❧❡❜r❛t❡ ✇✐t❤ ❤②♠♥s ♦❢ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t✐♦♥
♦♥❧② Indra ✖ ❛ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲✐♥✲❛r♠s ❜✉❧❧✳
▼❛② ❤❡✱ ❡✉❧♦❣✐③❡❞✱ s❡t ✉♣ ❢♦r ✉s r✐❝❤ ✐♥ ❤❡r♦❡s
r✐❝❤ ✐♥ ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s
❬❛❝❝♦♠♣❧✐s❤♠❡♥t ♦❢ ♦✉r ❞❡s✐r❡❪ ✦ ✹
▼❛② ②❡ ❛❧✇❛②s ♣r♦t❡❝t ✉s ✇✐t❤ ❬②♦✉r❪ ❜❧❡ss✐♥❣s✦
✺

✶ vrtra ✲s
✷t❤❛t
.
✸ rta
Indra ❤❛s ♠❛❞❡ t♦ ②✐❡❧❞ ♠✐❧❦ ✖ s❡❡ ✹✳✶✾✳✼❝❞
.
✹ rādhas
✺ deva ✲s
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✼✳✷✹

Vasis..tha Maitravarun.i | Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra

yónis..ta indra sádane akāri

támā´ nŕ.bhih. puruhūta prá yāhi |
áso yáthā no ′vitā´ vr.dhé ca
dádo vásūni mamádaśca sómaih. || 1 ||

gr.bhı̄tám . te mána indra dvibárhāh.

sutáh. sómah. páris.iktā mádhūni |
vı́sr..s.tadhenā bharate suvr.ktı́r
iyámı́ndram . jóhuvatı̄ manı̄s.ā´ || 2 ||

ā´ no divá ā´ pr.thivyā´ .rjı̄s.innidám

.
barhı́h. somapéyāya yāhi |
váhantu tvā hárayo madryàñcam
āṅgūs.ámáchā tavásam . mádāya || 3 ||

ā´ no vı́śvābhirūtı́bhih. sajós.ā

bráhma jus.ān.ó haryaśva yāhi |
várı̄vr.jatsthávirebhih. suśiprāsmé
dádhadvŕ..san.am . śús.mamindra || 4 ||

es.á stómo mahá ugrā´ya vā´he

dhur`ı̄vā´tyo ná vājáyannadhāyi |
ı́ndra tvāyámarká ı̄t..te vásūnām
.
div`ı̄va dyā´mádhi nah. śrómatam . dhāh. || 5 ||

evā´ na indra vā´ryasya pūrdhi

prá te mah´ı̄m. sumatı́m . vevidāma |
. pinva maghávadbhyah. suv´ı̄rām
ı́s.am .
yūyám. pāta svastı́bhih. sádā nah. || 6 ||
 ✽✷✺

✶✳ ❆ ✇♦♠❜ ❢♦r t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Indra✱ ✐s ♠❛❞❡ ✐♥ ❬t❤✐s❪ ❛ss❡♠❜❧② ✖

s❡t ♦✉t t♦ ✐t t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ♠❡♥ ✱ ❖ ♠✉❝❤ ✐♥✈♦❦❡❞ ♦♥❡✱
✶
s♦ t❤❛t t❤♦✉ ✇✐❧❧ ❤❡❧♣ ✉s t♦ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ str♦♥❣❡r✱
❛♥❞ t❤♦✉ ✇✐❧❧ ❜❡st♦✇ ✇❤❛t✬s ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧ ❬✉♣♦♥ ✉s❪✱
❛♥❞ t❤♦✉ ✇✐❧❧ ❞❡❧✐❣❤t ✐♥ ❞r♦♣s ♦❢ ❙♦♠❛✦
✷✳ ❚❤❡ ♠✐♥❞ ✐s s❡✐③❡❞ ❢♦r t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Indra✱
❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ Soma ❬✐s❪ t✇✐❝❡✲s✇♦❧❧❡♥ ✱ ✷
t❤✐s ✇❡❧❧✲t✇✐st❡❞ r❡♣❡❛t❡❞❧② ✐♥✈♦❦✐♥❣ Indra ❝♦♥❝❡♣t✐♦♥✱
✐ts ♥♦✉r✐s❤✐♥❣ str❡❛♠s ❞✐s❝❤❛r❣❡❞✱ ❝❛rr✐❡s ♦✛
s♣r✐♥❦❧❡❞ ❛❜♦✉t ❞r♦♣s ♦❢ ❤♦♥❡② ✳ ✸
✸✳ ❍❡r❡✱ ❢♦r ♦✉r s❛❦❡✱ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥✱ ❬❢r♦♠❪ t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤✱
❥♦✉r♥❡② t♦ t❤✐s s❛❝r✐✜❝✐❛❧ ❣r❛ss ❢♦r ❛ ❞r✐♥❦ ♦❢ Soma✱
❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❞✐r❡❝t ✐♠♣❛❝t ♦♥❡✦
▲❡t t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s ❝♦♥✈❡② t❤❡❡✱ ✇❤♦ ✐s ❬❤❡❛❞✐♥❣❪ t♦✇❛r❞s ♠❡✱
✹
t♦✇❛r❞s ❧♦✉❞ ❤②♠♥✱ ❬t❤❡❡✱❪ ❡♥❡r❣❡t✐❝✱ ❢♦r ❛ r❛♣t✉r❡✳
✹✳ ❋♦r ♦✉r s❛❦❡✱ ❛❝t✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❤❛r♠♦♥② ✇✐t❤ ❛❧❧ s✐❞❡✲❡✛❡❝ts✱
❡♥❥♦②✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥✱ ❥♦✉r♥❡② ❤❡r❡✱
❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❛✇♥② ❤♦rs❡s ♦♥❡✦
❱❡❡r✐♥❣ ❬❤❡r❡❪ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❡♥❞✉r✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡❡ ❞r♦♣s ♦❢ Soma❪✱
❖ s❡❧❡❝t✐✈❡ ♦♥❡✱
♣❧❛❝❡ ✐♥t♦ ✉s ✐♠♣r❡❣♥❛t✐♥❣ ❢❡r✈♦r✱ ❖ Indra✦
✺✳ ❚❤✐s ❤②♠♥ ♦❢ ♣r❛✐s❡ t♦ ♠✐❣❤t② ❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s ❝♦♥✈❡②✐♥❣ ♦♥❡
✇❛s ♣✉t ❛s ✐❢ ❛t t❤❡ ❝❤❛r✐♦t✲♣♦❧❡
❧✐❦❡ ❡♠♣❧♦②✐♥❣ ❛ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r ❝♦✉rs❡r ❬✇♦✉❧❞ ❜❡❪✳
❖ Indra✱ t❤✐s ❤②♠♥ ♦❢ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t✐♦♥ ✐♠♣❧♦r❡s t❤❡❡✱
❬t❤❡ ❣✐✈❡r ❪ ♦❢ ✇❤❛t✬s ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧❀
✺
❛s ❬t❤♦✉ ♣❧❛❝❡❞ ✐t❪ ✐♥t♦ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ✻
t❤♦✉ s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ ♣❧❛❝❡❞ ♦✉r ❛tt❡♥t✐♦♥ ❛❜♦✈❡ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ✳ ✼
✻✳ ❙♦✱ ❣r❛♥t ✉s ❬❛ s❤❛r❡❪ ♦❢ ✇❤❛t ✐s t♦ ❜❡ ❝❤♦s❡♥ ✖
✇❡ ❤❛✈❡ ❢♦✉♥❞ ❛ ♣♦t❡♥t ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❣❡st✉r❡ ❢♦r t❤❡❡✳
❙✇❡❧❧ r✐❝❤ ✇✐t❤ ❤❡r♦❡s ❧✐❜❛t✐♦♥ ❢♦r ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡s✦
▼❛② ②❡ ❛❧✇❛②s ♣r♦t❡❝t ✉s ✇✐t❤ ❬②♦✉r❪ ❜❧❡ss✐♥❣s✦
✽

✶ Marut✲s
✷ ❋✐rst✱ st❛❧❦s ♦❢ t❤❡ ❤❡r❜ ❛r❡ s✇♦❧❧❡♥ ✐♥ ✇❛t❡r✱ t❤❡♥ ✐♥♥❡r Soma ✐s s✇♦❧❧❡♥

✐♥ t❤❡ ❜♦❞② ♦❢ t❤❡ ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡r✳

✸ ❡①tr❛❝t ♦❢ Soma
✹ ❞r♦♣s ♦❢ Soma ❤❡r❜ ❥✉✐❝❡
✺ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✽✳✺✶✳✺❛
✻ ✐♥t♦ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ❂ ✐♥t♦ t❤❡ s❡❝♦♥❞ ❢♦♦tst❡♣ ♦❢ Visnu
..
✼ ❛❜♦✈❡ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ❂ ✐♥t♦ t❤❡ t❤✐r❞ ❢♦♦tst❡♣ ♦❢ Visnu
..
✽ deva✲s
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✼✳✷✺

Vasis..tha Maitravarun.i | Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra

ā´ te mahá indrotyùgra

sámanyavo yátsamáranta sénāh. |
pátāti didyúnnáryasya bāhvór
mā´ te máno vis.vadryàgvı́ cārı̄t || 1 ||

nı́ durgá indra śnathihyamı́trām̃ .

abhı́ yé no mártāso amánti |
āré tám
. śám
. sam
. kr.n.uhi ninitsór
ā´ no bhara sambháran.am . vásūnām || 2 ||

. te śiprinnūtáyah. sudā´se
śatám
sahásram . sā utá rātı́rastu |
. śám
jahı́ vádharvanús.o mártyasyāsmé
dyumnámádhi rátnam . ca dhehi || 3 ||

tvā´vato h`ı̄ndra krátve ásmi

tvā´vato ′vitúh. śūra rātau
´ |
vı́śvédáhāni tavis.ı̄va ugram̃
.
ókah. kr.n.us.va harivo ná mardhı̄h. || 4 ||
 ✽✷✼

✶✳ ❲❤❡♥ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ❤❡❧♣ ♦❢ t❤❡❡✱ ♦❢ ♠✐❣❤t② ♦♥❡✱ ❖ ❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s Indra✱

✐♠♣❛ss✐♦♥❡❞ ❛r♠✐❡s ❝♦♠❡ ❤❡r❡ ✐♥t♦ ❝♦❧❧✐s✐♦♥✱
❧❡t ♥♦t t❤② ♠✐♥❞ r❛♠❜❧❡ ❛❜♦✉t t♦ ❜♦t❤ s✐❞❡s ✖
s♦ t❤❛t t❤❡ ♠✐ss✐❧❡ t❤❛t ✐♥ t❤❡ ❛r♠s ♦❢ ❛ ♠❛♥❧② ♦♥❡
✇♦✉❧❞ ❢❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥ ❬❛♥ ❡♥❡♠②❪✳
✷✳ ❏❛❜
✶ t❤♦s❡ ❤♦st✐❧❡ ♠♦rt❛❧s✱ ❖ Indra✱
✇❤♦ ✈✐♦❧❡♥t❧② ❛tt❛❝❦ ✉s ✐♥ ❛ ❤❛r❞✲t♦✲❡s❝❛♣❡ ❬♣❧❛❝❡❪✦
▼❛❦❡ t❤❛t r❡❝✐t❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ✇✐s❤❡s t♦ r✐❞✐❝✉❧❡ ❬✉s❪
❬❜❡❪ ❢❛r ❛✇❛② ❬❢r♦♠ t❤❡❡❪✱
❜r✐♥❣ ❤❡r❡ ❢♦r ✉s ❛ ♠✉❧t✐t✉❞❡ ♦❢ ❜❡♥❡✜ts✳
✸✳ ▼❛② ❛ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ♦❢ t❤②✱ ❖ s❡❧❡❝t✐✈❡ ♦♥❡✱ ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❤❡❧♣✐♥❣ Sudās✱
❛♥❞ ❛ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞ ♦❢ ❜❧❡ss✐♥❣s ❜❡ ❬t❤②❪ ❣✐❢t✦
❙tr✐❦❡ ♦✛ t❤❡ ❞❡str✉❝t✐✈❡ ✇❡❛♣♦♥ ♦❢ ❡❛❣❡r t♦ ❛tt❛❝❦ ♠♦rt❛❧✦
✷
✸
❙❤❛r❡ ❜❡t✇❡❡♥ ✉s t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t❡ ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ❥❡✇❡❧ ✦
✖✖
✹✳ ✏❙✐♥❝❡ ■ ❛♠ ❛ ♣❛rt ♦❢ ❛ ♣❧❛♥ ♦❢ s♦♠❡♦♥❡ ❧✐❦❡ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Indra✱
✐♥ ❢❛✈♦✉r ♦❢ ❛ ❤❡❧♣❡r ❧✐❦❡ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱
t❤r♦✉❣❤♦✉t ❛❧❧ ❞❛②s✱
❖ ❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s ❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝♦♥tr♦❧ ♦♥❡✱
♠❛❦❡ t❤②s❡❧❢ ❛t ❤♦♠❡ ❬❤❡r❡❪✱ ❞♦ ♥♦t ❛❜❛♥❞♦♥ ❬♠❡❪✱
❖ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞✲❜②✲t❛✇♥②✲♦♥❡s ♦♥❡✦✑
✖✖

✶ ❛❢t❡r ❬❏❛♠✐s♦♥ ❛♥❞ ❇r❡r❡t♦♥✱ ✷✵✶✹✱ ♣✳✾✶✸❪

✷ t❤✐s ❧✐♥❡ ✐s t❤❡ s❛♠❡ ❛s ✹✳✷✷✳✾❞
✸ ♣r♦❜✳ svàr
✽✷✽

kútsā eté háryaśvāya śūs.ám

ı́ndre sáho devájūtamiyānā´h. |
satrā´ kr.dhi suhánā śūra vr.trā´
vayám . tárutrāh. sanuyāma vā´jam || 5 ||

evā´ na indra vā´ryasya pūrdhi

prá te mah´ı̄m. sumatı́m . vevidāma |
. pinva maghávadbhyah. suv´ı̄rām
ı́s.am .
yūyám. pāta svastı́bhih. sádā nah. || 6 ||
 ✽✷✾

✺✳ ❚❤❡s❡ Kutsa✲s✱ r❡♣❡❛t❡❞❧② ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❬t❤❡ st❛t❡ ♦❢❪ Indra

♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣✱ ✐♠♣❡❧❧❡❞ ❜② t❤❡ deva ♣♦✇❡r✱
❛r❡ ❛ ❤✐❣❤s♣✐r✐t❡❞ ♥♦t❡ t♦ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❛✇♥② ❤♦rs❡s ♦♥❡✳
❆❧✇❛②s ♠❛❦❡ ❛❧❧ ♦❜st❛❝❧❡s✹ ❡❛s②✲t♦✲❜❡❛t✱
❖ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱
s♦ t❤❛t ✇❡✱ ❝❛rr②✐♥❣ ❬♦t❤❡rs❪ ❛❝r♦ss ❬t❤♦s❡ ♦❜st❛❝❧❡s❪✱
✇♦✉❧❞ ❛❝q✉✐r❡ ❛ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✦
✻✳ ❙♦✱ ❣r❛♥t ✉s ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥t❧② ❬❛ s❤❛r❡❪ ♦❢ ✇❤❛t ✐s t♦ ❜❡ ❝❤♦s❡♥ ✖
✇❡ ❤❛✈❡ ❢♦✉♥❞ ❛ ♣♦t❡♥t ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❣❡st✉r❡ ❢♦r t❤❡❡✳
❙✇❡❧❧ r✐❝❤ ✇✐t❤ ❤❡r♦❡s ❧✐❜❛t✐♦♥ ❢♦r ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡s✦
▼❛② ②❡✺ ❛❧✇❛②s ♣r♦t❡❝t ✉s ✇✐t❤ ❬②♦✉r❪ ❜❧❡ss✐♥❣s✦

❚❤✐s ❤②♠♥ ✐s ❧✐❦❡❧② ❛ ♣❛rt ♦❢ ♣s②❝❤♦❧♦❣✐❝❛❧ ❝♦♥❞✐t✐♦♥✐♥❣ ♦❢ ❛ ❣r♦✉♣

♦❢ ❢✉t✉r❡ ✇❛rr✐♦rs ✇❤♦ ❛r❡ ❜❡✐♥❣ tr❛✐♥❡❞ t♦ ❡♥t❡r t❤❡ st❛t❡ ♦❢ Indra✳
❱❡rs❡s ✶✕✸ ❛r❡ r❡❝✐t❡❞ ❜② t❤❡♠ t♦❣❡t❤❡r✱ ✈❡rs❡ ✹ ✐s r❡♣❡❛t❡❞ ❜② ❡❛❝❤
♦♥❡ ✐♥❞✐✈✐❞✉❛❧❧②✱ ✈❡rs❡s ✺ ❛♥❞ ✻ ❛♥❞ r❡❝✐t❡❞ ✐♥ ❝♦♥❝❧✉s✐♦♥ ❜② t❤❡
❣r♦✉♣ tr❛✐♥❡r✳

✹ vrtra✲s
.
✺ deva✲s
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✼✳✷✻

Vasis..tha Maitravarun.i | Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra

ná sóma ı́ndramásuto mamāda

nā´brahmān.o maghávānam . sutā´sah. |
tásmā ukthám . janaye yájjújos
. an
nr.vánnávı̄yah. śr.n.ávadyáthā nah. || 1 ||

ukthaukthe
` sóma ı́ndram . mamāda
nı̄thénı̄the maghávānam . sutā´sah. |
yádı̄m
. sab ´
ā dhah. pitáram. ná putrā´h.
samānádaks.ā ávase hávante || 2 ||

cakā´ra tā´ kr.n.ávannūnámanyā´

yā´ni bruvánti vedhásah. sutés.u |
jánı̄riva pátirékah. samānó
nı́ māmr.je púra ı́ndrah. sú sárvāh. || 3 ||

evā´ támāhurutá śr.n.va ı́ndra

éko vibhaktā´ tarán.irmaghā´nām |
mithastúra ūtáyo yásya pūrv´ı̄rasmé
bhadrā´n.i saścata priyā´n.i || 4 ||

evā´ vásis..tha ı́ndramūtáye n.´r̄n

kr..s.tı̄nā´m . suté gr.n.āti |
. vr..sabhám
sahasrı́n.a úpa no māhi vā´jān
yūyám . pāta svastı́bhih. sádā nah. || 5 ||
 ✽✸✶

✶✳ ❯♥♣r❡ss❡❞ Soma ❞♦❡s ♥♦t ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t❡ Indra✱

❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❬❞r♦♣s ♦❢ Soma❪ t❤❛t ❛r❡ ✇✐t❤♦✉t ❛ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥
❞♦ ♥♦t ❬❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t❡❪ t❤❡ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡✳
❋♦r ❤✐♠ ❝r❡❛t❡ ❛ ✈❡rs❡ t❤❛t ❤❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❡♥❥♦② ✖
❛ ♥❡✇ ♠❛♥❧② ♦♥❡ s♦ t❤❛t ❤❡ ✇♦✉❧❞ ❧✐st❡♥ t♦ ✉s✳
✷✳ ❉✉r✐♥❣ ✈❡rs❡✲❛❢t❡r✲✈❡rs❡ Soma ❤❛s ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t❡❞ Indra✱
❞✉r✐♥❣ t✉♥❡✲❛❢t❡r✲t✉♥❡ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❬❞r♦♣s ♦❢ Soma❪
❬❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t❡❞❪ t❤❡ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡
✇❤❡♥ t❤❡②✱ ✇❤♦ ❞✐s❝❡r♥ samāna✶ ✱ ❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥ ❤✐♠
❡❛❣❡r❧② ✖ ❧✐❦❡ s♦♥s ❬t❤❡✐r❪ ❢❛t❤❡r ✖ ❢♦r ❤❡❧♣✳
✸✳ ❍❡ ❤❛s ♣❡r❢♦r♠❡❞ t❤♦s❡ ❬❞❡❡❞s❪✱
❬t❤❡r❡❢♦r❡❪ ♥♦✇❛❞❛②s ❤❡ ✇✐❧❧ ♣❡r❢♦r♠ ♦t❤❡rs
❛❜♦✉t ✇❤✐❝❤ ❛❞❡♣ts t❛❧❦ ❛t ♣r❡ss✐♥❣s✳
▲✐❦❡ ♦♥❡ ❛♥❞ t❤❡ s❛♠❡ ❤✉s❜❛♥❞ ❬✐♥t❡r♥❛❧✐③❡s❪ ❬❤✐s ♠❛♥②❪ ✇✐✈❡s✱
Indra ❤❛s ❛♣♣r♦♣r✐❛t❡❞ ❛❧♠♦st ❛❧❧ str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞s✳
✹✳ ❊①❛❝t❧② t❤✉s t❤❡② ❛❝❦♥♦✇❧❡❞❣❡ ❤✐♠✱ ✏ Indra ✐s ❢❛♠❡❞
❬t♦ ❜❡❪ t❤❡ ♦♥❧② ❞✐str✐❜✉t♦r ♦❢ ❜♦✉♥t✐❡s
✷
✇❤♦ ❝❛rr✐❡s ❬✐t ❪ ❛❝r♦ss✱
✇❤♦s❡ ♠❛♥② s✐❞❡✲❡✛❡❝ts ❛r❡ ❝♦♥t❡♥❞✐♥❣
✇✐t❤ ✇❤❛t ✐s ❛❧t❡r♥❛t✐♥❣ ✐♥ ✉s ❬✇✐t❤ t❤❡✐r ♦♣♣♦s✐t❡s❪✳
❨❡
✸ s❤❛❧❧ t❛❦❡ ♣❛rt ✐♥ ❬❤✐s❪ ❞❡s✐r❡❞ ❛✉s♣✐❝✐♦✉s ❬❞❡❡❞s❪✳✑
✺✳ ❊①❛❝t❧② t❤✉s Vasis..tha s❤❛❧❧ ❡①t♦❧ Indra ✖
❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ r❡s❡♠❜❧❡s ❛ ❜✉❧❧✱
✇❤♦ ❤❛✈❡ t❛❦❡♥ ♣❧❡❛s✉r❡ ✐♥ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❬Soma❪
t♦ ❢❛✈♦✉r ♠❡♥ ♦❢ ❬t❤❡s❡❪ tr✐❜❡s✱
✏❆♣♣♦rt✐♦♥ t♦ ✉s r✉s❤❡s ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r
t❤❛t ❛r❡ ❧❡❛❞✐♥❣ t♦ ❛ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞ ❞✐✛❡r❡♥t t❤✐♥❣s✦✑
▼❛② ②❡
✹ ❛❧✇❛②s ♣r♦t❡❝t ✉s ✇✐t❤ ❬②♦✉r❪ ❜❧❡ss✐♥❣s✦

✶ ♦♥❡ ♦❢ ✈✐t❛❧ ❛✐rs✱ t❤❡ ♣r❡❞♦♠✐♥❛♥t ✐♥ t❤❡ s♦❧♦❛r ♣❧❡①✉s ♦♥❡

✷ t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡✱ rai✱ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✼✳✸✷✳✾❝
✸ deva✲s
✹ deva✲s
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✼✳✷✼

Vasis..tha Maitravarun.i | Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra

ı́ndram . náro nemádhitā havante

yátpā´ryā yunájate dhı́yastā´h. |
śū´ro nŕ..sātā śávasaścakāná
ā´ gómati vrajé bhajā tvám . nah. || 1 ||

yá indra śús.mo maghavante ásti

śı́ks.ā sákhibhyah. puruhūta nŕ.bhyah. |
tvám . hı́ dr...dhā´ maghavanvı́cetā
ápā vr.dhi párivr.tam . ná rā´dhah. || 2 ||

ı́ndro rā´jā jágataścars.an.ı̄nā´m

ádhi ks.ámi vı́s.urūpam . yádásti |
táto dadāti dāśús.e vásūni
códadrā´dha úpastutaścidarvā´k || 3 ||

nū´ cinna ı́ndro maghávā sáhūtı̄

dānó vā´jam
. nı́ yamate na ūt´ı̄ |
ánūnā yásya dáks.in.ā pı̄pā´ya
vāmám. nŕ.bhyo abhı́vı̄tā sákhibhyah. || 4 ||

nū´ indra rāyé várivaskr.dhı̄ na

ā´ te máno vavr.tyāma maghā´ya |
gómadáśvāvadráthavadvyánto
yūyám. pāta svastı́bhih. sádā nah. || 5 ||
 ✽✸✸

✶✳ ■t ✐s Indra ✇❤♦♠ ❤❛❧❢✲♣r❡♣❛r❡❞ ♠❡♥ ❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥

s♦ t❤❛t ❤❡ ✇♦✉❧❞ ②♦❦❡ t❤♦s❡ ❤❡❧♣✐♥❣✲t❤r♦✉❣❤ ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥
❬t♦ t❤❡✐r ♠✐♥❞s ❛♥❞ ❜♦❞✐❡s❪✳
❆♥ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱ ✇❤✐❧❡ ♣r♦❝✉r✐♥❣ ♠❡♥✱
✐s ✜♥❞✐♥❣ ❡♥❥♦②♠❡♥t ✐♥ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡ ❬t❤❡♠❪
✐♥ ❛ r✐❝❤ ✇✐t❤ ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s ❬s❛❝r✐✜❝✐❛❧❪ ❡♥❝❧♦s✉r❡✳
❉♦ t❤♦✉ ❬✱ ❖ Indra✱❪ ♣♦ss❡ss ✉s✦
✷✳ ❲❤❛t❬❡✈❡r❪✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❢❡r✈♦r ❢♦r t❤❡❡✱ ❖ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡✱ t❤❡r❡ ✐s✱
❡①❡rt t❤②s❡❧❢✱ ❖ ♠✉❝❤ ✐♥✈♦❦❡❞ ♦♥❡✱
❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ ❧✐❦❡✲♠✐♥❞❡❞ ♠❡♥✦
❙✐♥❝❡ t❤♦✉ ❬❛r❡❪ ❞✐s❝❡r♥✐♥❣ str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞s✶ ✱ ❖ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡✱
✉♥❝♦✈❡r t❤❡ s❛t✐s❢❛❝t✐♦♥s ♦❢ ❬♦✉r❪ ❞❡s✐r❡s
✭❛s ✐❢ ✐t ❬✇❛s ❡✈❡r❪ ❝♦♥❝❡❛❧❡❞✮✦
✸✳ Indra ❬✐s❪ ❛ ❝❤✐❡❢t❛✐♥ ♦❢ t❤♦s❡
t❤❛t ❞r❛✇ t♦ t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s✷ ♦❢ ❛ ❧✐✈✐♥❣ ❜❡✐♥❣✳
❲❤❡♥ s♦♠❡t❤✐♥❣ t❤❛t ❝❛♥ ❣♦ ❜♦t❤ ✇❛②s ✐s ♦♥ t❤❡ ❣r♦✉♥❞✱
t❤❡♥ ❤❡ ❣✐✈❡s ❜❡♥❡✜ts t♦ t❤❡ ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡r✳
❍❡✱ ❜❡✐♥❣ ♣r❛✐s❡❞✱ s❤❛❧❧ ✐♠♣❡❧ ❤✐t❤❡r
t❤❡ s❛t✐s❢❛❝t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❬♦✉r❪ ❞❡s✐r❡s✳
✹✳ Indra✱ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ❜❡❝❛✉s❡ ♦❢ ❛ ❝♦✲✐♥✈♦❝❛t✐♦♥✱
❣✐✈✐♥❣ ❛ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱
♥❡✈❡r ❤♦❧❞s ✉s ❜❛❝❦ ❜② ❬❤✐s❪ ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❤❡❧♣✐♥❣ ✉s✱
❬❤❡✱❪ ✇❤♦s❡ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❢✉❧❧ ♣♦✇❡r ♣r♦❧✐✜❝ ❝♦✇✱
❜❡✐♥❣ ❛r♦✉s❡❞ ❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ ❧✐❦❡✲♠✐♥❞❡❞ ♠❡♥✱
❤❛s s✇♦❧❧❡♥ ✇❤❛t✬s ❧♦✈❡❧②✳
✺✳ ◆♦✇✱ Indra✱ ❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡✱
❝r❡❛t❡ ♠❡♥t❛❧ s♣❛❝❡ ❢♦r ✉s✱
❬s♦ t❤❛t❪ ✇❡✱ s❡tt✐♥❣ ✐♥ ♠♦t✐♦♥
r✐❝❤ ✐♥ ❝♦✇s✱ r✐❝❤ ✐♥ ❤♦rs❡s✱ r✐❝❤ ✐♥ ❝❤❛r✐♦ts ❬❥✉✐❝❡❪✱
✇♦✉❧❞ ❛ttr❛❝t t❤② ♠✐♥❞ ❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ ❬t❤❛t❪ r❡✇❛r❞✳
▼❛② ②❡✸ ❛❧✇❛②s ♣r♦t❡❝t ✉s ✇✐t❤ ❬②♦✉r❪ ❜❧❡ss✐♥❣s✦

✶ t❤❛t ✐s✱ ✜r♠❧② ❤❡❧❞ ❜❡❧✐❡❢s✱ ♣r❡❢❡r❡♥❝❡s✱ ✈❛❧✉❡s

✷ t❤❡ s❡♥s❡s
✸ deva✲s
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✼✳✷✽

Vasis..tha Maitravarun.i | Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra

bráhmā n.a indrópa yāhi vidvā´n

arvā´ñcaste hárayah. santu yuktā´h. |
vı́śve ciddhı́ tvā vihávanta mártā
asmā´kamı́chr.n.uhi viśvaminva || 1 ||

hávam . ta indra mahimā´ vyā`nad.

bráhma yátpā´si śavasinnŕ..sı̄n.ām |
ā´ yádvájram
. dadhis.é hásta ugra
ghoráh. sánkrátvā janis..thā ás.ā..dhah. || 2 ||

táva prán.ı̄tı̄ndra jóhuvānān

sám. yánn.´r̄nná ródası̄ ninétha |
mahé ks.atrā´ya śávase hı́ jajñé ′tūtujim
.
cittū´tujiraśiśnat || 3 ||

ebhı́rna indrā´habhirdaśasya
durmitrā´so hı́ ks.itáyah. pávante |
práti yáccás..te ánr.tamanenā´
áva dvitā´ várun.o māy´ı̄ nah. sāt || 4 ||

vocémédı́ndram . maghávānamenam .
mahó rāyó rā´dhaso yáddádannah. |
yó árcato bráhmakr.timávis..tho
yūyám. pāta svastı́bhih. sádā nah. || 5 ||
 ✽✸✺

✶✳ ❙t❡❡r t♦ ♦✉r ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥s✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❬❛s❪ ❛ ❦♥♦✇❧❡❞❣❡❛❜❧❡ ♦♥❡✱

❧❡t t❤② ②♦❦❡❞ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s ❜❡ t✉r♥❡❞ ❤✐t❤❡r✇❛r❞✦
❙✐♥❝❡ ❛❧❧ ♠♦rt❛❧s ✈✐❡ ✐♥ ❝❛❧❧✐♥❣ t❤❡❡✱
❧✐st❡♥ ❥✉st t♦ ♦✉r ❬❝❛❧❧❪✱ ❖ ✐♥✈✐❣♦r❛t✐♥❣ ❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣✦
✷✳ ❚❤② ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ✐♥❝r❡❛s❡✲✐♥✲s✐③❡✱ ❖ Indra✱ ✐♥t❡rr✉♣ts ✐♥✈♦❝❛t✐♦♥
✇❤❡♥ t❤♦✉ ❛tt❡♥❞ t♦ t❤❡ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ s❡❡rs✱
❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✦
❲❤❡♥ t❤♦✉ ❤❛s ♣✉t t❤❡ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t ✐♥t♦ ❛ ❤❛♥❞✱
❖ ❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s ♦♥❡✱
❜❡✐♥❣ t❡rr✐❢②✐♥❣ ❜❡❝❛✉s❡ ♦❢ ❬t❤②❪ r❡s♦✉r❝❡❢✉❧♥❡ss✱
t❤♦✉ ✇❡r❡ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❡❞ ❛s ❛♥ ✐♥✈✐♥❝✐❜❧❡ ♦♥❡✱
✸✳ ✇❤❡♥ t❤r♦✉❣❤ t❤② ♦✇♥ ♣r❡❞✐s♣♦s✐t✐♦♥✱ ❖ Indra✱
t❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ❝♦♥♥❡❝t❡❞ t✇♦ Rodas✲❡s
❛s ❬t❤♦✉ ❞✐❞❪ r❡♣❡❛t❡❞❧② ❝❛❧❧✐♥❣ ✉♣♦♥ ❬t❤❡❡❪ ♠❡♥✳
❙✐♥❝❡ t❤❛t ❤❛s ❜❡❡♥ ❜♦r♥ ❢♦r ❡①t❡♥s✐✈❡ s✉♣r❡♠❛❝②✱
✶
❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱
✐t✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ✇❛②s t♦ ✉r❣❡✱ ♣✐❡r❝❡❞ ❡✈❡♥ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ✐s ♥♦t ✉r❣✐♥❣ ❬✐t❪✳
✹✳ ❚❤r♦✉❣❤♦✉t t❤❡s❡ ❞❛②s✱ ❖ Indra✱ ♦❜❧✐❣❡ ✉s ✖
❜❡❝❛✉s❡ ♣♦♦r❧②✲❛❧❧✐❡❞ ❝❧❛♥s r❡✜♥❡ t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s✳
❲❤❡♥ ♥♦t✲❧✐❛❜❧❡✲t♦✲❡rr♦r ♦♥❡ ✷
♣❡r❝❡✐✈❡s ♥♦ ✜tt✐♥❣ ❬❤✐♠ ❡♥❞❡❛✈♦r❪✱
❝❡rt❛✐♥❧② Varun.a✱
✇❤♦ ❤❛s t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❢r❛♠❡ ❬✐❞❡❛s ❛♥❞ ♣❡r❝❡♣t✐♦♥❪✱
s❤❛❧❧ r❡❧❡❛s❡ ✉s✳
✺✳ ❲❡ ♠✐❣❤t ❥✉st ❝❛❧❧ Indra ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ✖
❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ❛✐❞s ♠♦st ✐♥ ❝♦♠♣♦s✐t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ♣r❛✐s❡r✬s ❢♦r♠✉❧❛
✇❤❡♥ ❤❡ ❣r❛♥ts ✉s t❤❡ ❢❛✈♦✉r ♦❢ t❤❡ ❣r❡❛t tr❡❛s✉r❡✳✳✳✸
▼❛② ②❡ ❛❧✇❛②s ♣r♦t❡❝t ✉s ✇✐t❤ ❬②♦✉r❪ ❜❧❡ss✐♥❣s✦
✹

✶ ❝♦♥♥❡❝t✐♦♥✱ ✉♥✐♦♥ ❜❡t✇❡❡♥ Rodas✲❡s

✷ Indra
✸ ✏❜✉t ❤❡ ✐s s✉❝❤ ✐♥ ❛♥② ❝❛s❡✳✑
✹ deva✲s
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✼✳✷✾

Vasis..tha Maitravarun.i | Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra

ayám . sóma indra túbhyam . sunva

ā´ tú prá yāhi harivastádokāh. |
pı́bā tvàsyá sús.utasya cā´ror
dádo maghā´ni maghavanniyānáh. || 1 ||

′
bráhmanvı̄ra bráhmakr.tim . jus.ān.ò rvācı̄nó
háribhiryāhi tū´yam |
asmı́nnū .sú sávane mādayasvópa
bráhmān.i śr.n.ava imā´ nah. || 2 ||

kā´ te astyáram . kr.tih. sūktáıh.

kadā´ nūnám . te maghavandāśema |
vı́śvā mat´ı̄rā´ tatane tvāyā´dhā
ma indra śr.n.avo hávemā´ || 3 ||

utó ghā té purus.yā` ı́dāsan

yés.ām. pū´rves.āmáśr.n.orŕ..sı̄n.ām |
ádhāhám. tvā maghavañjohavı̄mi
tvám . na indrāsi prámatih. pitéva || 4 ||

vocémédı́ndram . maghávānamenam .
mahó rāyó rā´dhaso yáddádannah. |
yó árcato bráhmakr.timávis..tho
yūyám. pāta svastı́bhih. sádā nah. || 5 ||
 ✽✸✼

✶✳ ❚❤✐s Soma✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❞✐st✐❧❧❡❞ ✐ts❡❧❢ ❢♦r t❤❡❡✱✶

❤❛✈✐♥❣ s✉❝❤ ❤♦♠❡✱ s❡t ♦✉t ❤❡r❡ t❤❡♥✱
❖ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞✲❜②✲t❛✇♥②✲♦♥❡s ♦♥❡✦
❉r✐♥❦ ♦❢ t❤✐s ❬t❤②❪ ❢❛✈♦r✐t❡ ✇❡❧❧✲❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❬Soma❪ ✖
❛♥❞ t❤♦✉✱ ❝♦♠✐♥❣ ❛❣❛✐♥ ❛♥❞ ❛❣❛✐♥ ❬❢♦r ✐t❪✱
s❤❛❧❧ ❣r❛♥t ❜♦✉♥t✐❡s✱ ❖ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡✦
✷✳ ❚❛❦✐♥❣ ♣❧❡❛s✉r❡ ✐♥ ❣r❛♥t✐♥❣ ❛ ❝♦♠♣♦s✐t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❛ ❬♥❡✇❪ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛✱
❖ ✈❛❧✐❛♥t ♦♥❡✱ ✇❤✐❧❡ ❛ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛ ❬✐s ❜❡✐♥❣ ❡①❡❝✉t❡❞❪✱
t✉r♥❡❞ ❤✐t❤❡r✇❛r❞✱ ❥♦✉r♥❡② q✉✐❝❦❧② ❜❡ ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s✦
❉♦ ♠❛❦❡ t❤②s❡❧❢ ✇❡❧❧ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t❡❞ ❞✉r✐♥❣ t❤✐s ♣r❡ss✐♥❣ ❬♦❢ Soma❪✱
s♦ t❤❛t t❤♦✉ ✇✐❧❧ ❣✐✈❡ ❡❛r t♦ t❤❡s❡ ♦✉r ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥s✦✷
✸✳ ❲❤❛t ✐s ✜tt✐♥❣✲❢♦r✲t❤❡❡ ♣❡r❢♦r♠❛♥❝❡ ✇✐t❤ ✇❡❧❧✲❝♦♠♣♦s❡❞ ✈❡rs❡s❄
❲❤❡♥ ♥♦✇❛❞❛②s ✇❡ ♠✐❣❤t ❤♦♥♦r t❤❡❡✱ ❖ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡❄
❆❧❧ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❣❡st✉r❡s ■ ❤❛✈❡ ♦✈❡rs♣r❡❛❞ ❢♦r t❤② s❛❦❡✱
s♦ t❤❛t ♥♦✇ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ ✇♦✉❧❞ ❧✐st❡♥ t♦ ♠② ✐♥✈♦❝❛t✐♦♥s✳
✹✳ ❆♥❞ t❤♦s❡ ✇❡r❡ ❥✉st ❤✉♠❛♥ ✕
t♦ ✇❤♦s❡ ❬✐♥✈♦❝❛t✐♦♥s❪ t❤♦✉ ❞✐❞ ❧✐st❡♥ t♦ ✖ ❛♥❝✐❡♥t s❡❡rs✳
❚❤❡r❡❢♦r❡✱ ■ ❛❣❛✐♥ ❛♥❞ ❛❣❛✐♥ ❤♦♥♦r t❤❡❡✱ ❖ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡✦
❚❤♦✉ ❛r❡ ❢♦r ✉s✱ ❖ Indra✱ t❤❡ ❢♦r❡s❡❡✐♥❣ ❝❛r❡ ✖ ❛s ✐❢ ❛ ❢❛t❤❡r✳
✺✳ ❲❡ ♠✐❣❤t ❥✉st ❝❛❧❧ Indra ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ✖
❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ❛✐❞s ♠♦st ✐♥ ❝♦♠♣♦s✐t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ♣r❛✐s❡r✬s ❢♦r♠✉❧❛
✇❤❡♥ ❤❡ ❣r❛♥ts ✉s t❤❡ ❢❛✈♦✉r ♦❢ t❤❡ ❣r❡❛t tr❡❛s✉r❡✳✳✳✸
▼❛② ②❡✹ ❛❧✇❛②s ♣r♦t❡❝t ✉s ✇✐t❤ ❬②♦✉r❪ ❜❧❡ss✐♥❣s✦

✶ t❤✐s ❧✐♥❡ ✐s t❤❡ s❛♠❡ ❛s ✾✳✽✽✳✶❛

✷ t❤✐s ❧✐♥❡ ✐s t❤❡ s❛♠❡ ❛s ✻✳✹✵✳✹❝
✸ ✏❜✉t ❤❡ ✐s s✉❝❤ ✐♥ ❛♥② ❝❛s❡✳✑
✹ deva✲s
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✼✳✸✵

Vasis..tha Maitravarun.i | Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra

ā´ no deva śávasā yāhi śus.min

bhávā vr.dhá indra rāyó asyá |
mahé nr.mn.ā´ya nr.pate suvajra
máhi ks.atrā´ya paum
´ . syāya śūra || 1 ||

hávanta u tvā hávyam . vı́vāci

tanū´.su śū´rāh. sū´ryasya sātau´ |
tvám
. vı́śves. u sényo jánes
. u
. vr.trā´n.i randhayā suhántu || 2 ||
tvám

áhā yádindra sudı́nā vyuchā´n

dádho yátketúmupamám . samátsu |
nyàgnı́h. sı̄dadásuro ná hótā
huvānó átra subhágāya devā´n || 3 ||

vayám. té ta indra yé ca deva

stávanta śūra dádato maghā´ni |
yáchā sūrı́bhya upamám. várūtham
.
svābhúvo jaran.ā´maśnavanta || 4 ||

vocémédı́ndram . maghávānamenam .
mahó rāyó rā´dhaso yáddádannah. |
yó árcato bráhmakr.timávis..tho
yūyám. pāta svastı́bhih. sádā nah. || 5 ||
 ✽✸✾

✶✳ ❚♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱ ❖ deva✱

❞♦ ❥♦✉r♥❡② ❤❡r❡✱ t♦✇❛r❞s ✉s✱ ❖ ✜❡r② ♦♥❡✦
❇❡❝♦♠❡ ✐♥❝r❡❛s✐♥❣ t❤✐s tr❡❛s✉r❡✱ ❖ Indra✱
❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ❣r❡❛t ❝♦✉r❛❣❡✱
❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣✲❣♦♦❞✲t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t ♣r♦t❡❝t♦r ♦❢ ♠❡♥✱
❬✐♥❝r❡❛s✐♥❣ ✐t❪ ✈❡r② ♠✉❝❤ ❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ ♠❛♥❧② s✉♣r❡♠❛❝②✱
❖ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✦
✷✳ ❆❣❡♥ts ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡ s✉♠♠♦♥ t❤❡❡✱
✇❤♦ ✐s t♦ ❜❡ ❝❛❧❧❡❞ ✉♣♦♥ ✐♥ ❛ s❤♦✉t✲❝♦♥t❡st✱
✐♥t♦ ❬t❤❡✐r❪ ❜♦❞✐❡s ❞✉r✐♥❣ ❣❛✐♥✐♥❣ t❤❡ s✉♥ ✳ ✶
❆♠♦♥❣ ❛❧❧ ♣❡♦♣❧❡✱ t❤♦✉ ❬❛r❡❪ t❤❡ s♣❡❛r♠❛♥✳
❉♦ t❤♦✉ ♠❛❦❡ ♦❜st❛❝❧❡s s✉❜❥❡❝t ❬t♦ ✉s❪ ✖
✷
t♦ ❜❡ ❞❡str♦②❡❞ ❡❛s✐❧②✳
✸✳ ❙♦ t❤❛t ❛✉s♣✐❝✐♦✉s ❞❛②s ✇♦✉❧❞ ❞❛✇♥✱ ❖ Indra✱
s♦ t❤❛t t❤♦✉ ✇♦✉❧❞ s❡t ✉♣ t❤❡ ❤✐❣❤❡st ❜❛♥♥❡r ✐♥ ❝❧❛s❤❡s✱
Agni t❤❡ ✐♥✈♦❦❡r s❤❛❧❧ s❡tt❧❡ ✐♥ ❛s ❛ ❣✉✐❞✐♥❣ s♣✐r✐t ✖
✐♥ t❤✐s ❝❛s❡ ❝❛❧❧✐♥❣ ✉♣♦♥ deva✲s ❢♦r ❛ ❣♦♦❞ ❧✉❝❦✳
✹✳ ❲❡ ❬❛r❡❪ t❤② ❬❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s❪✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❛♥❞ ❬s♦ ❛r❡❪ t❤♦s❡✱ ❖ deva✱
✇❤♦✱ ❣r❛♥t✐♥❣ ❬✉s❪ ❜♦✉♥t✐❡s✱ s❤❛❧❧ ❡①t♦❧ ❬t❤❡❡❪✱ ❖ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✦
❖✛❡r t❤❡ ♠♦st ❡①❝❡❧❧❡♥t ❛r♠♦✉r t♦ ✐♥st✐t✉t♦rs ♦❢ t❤❡ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡✱
❬s♦ t❤❛t❪ t❤❡②✱ r❡❛❞② t♦ ❤❡❧♣ ❬✉s❪✱ ✇♦✉❧❞ r❡❛❝❤ t❤❡ ♦❧❞ ❛❣❡✦
✺✳ ❲❡ ♠✐❣❤t ❥✉st ❝❛❧❧ Indra ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ✖
❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ❛✐❞s ♠♦st ✐♥ ❝♦♠♣♦s✐t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ♣r❛✐s❡r✬s ❢♦r♠✉❧❛
✇❤❡♥ ❤❡ ❣r❛♥ts ✉s t❤❡ ❢❛✈♦✉r ♦❢ t❤❡ ❣r❡❛t tr❡❛s✉r❡✳✳✳ ✸
▼❛② ②❡ ❛❧✇❛②s ♣r♦t❡❝t ✉s ✇✐t❤ ❬②♦✉r❪ ❜❧❡ss✐♥❣s✦
✹

✶ ❂ ✐♥t❡♥s❡ man
❡♥❡r❣② ✐♥ . ipūra ❝❛❦r❛
✷ vrtra✲s
.
✸ ✏❜✉t ❤❡ ✐s s✉❝❤ ✐♥ ❛♥② ❝❛s❡✳✑
✹ deva✲s
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✼✳✸✶

Vasis..tha Maitravarun.i | ✶✕✾ Gāyatrı̄✱ ✶✵✕✶✷ Virāj | t♦ Indra

prá va ı́ndrāya mā´danam. háryaśvāya gāyata |

sákhāyah. somapā´vne || 1 ||

śám . sudā´nava utá dyuks.ám

. sédukthám . yáthā nárah. |
cakr.mā´ satyárādhase || 2 ||

tvám . gavyúh. śatakrato |

. na indra vājayústvám
. hiran.yayúrvaso || 3 ||
tvám

vayámindra tvāyávo ′bhı́ prá n.onumo vr..san |

viddh´ı̄ tvàsyá no vaso || 4 ||

mā´ no nidé ca váktave ′ryó randhı̄rárāvn.e |

tvé ápi kráturmáma || 5 ||

. vármāsi sapráthah. puroyodháśca vr.trahan |

tvám
tváyā práti bruve yujā´ || 6 ||

mahā´m̃
. utā´si yásya té nu svadhā´varı̄ sáhah. |
′

´
mamnāte indra ródası̄ || 7 ||

. tvā marútvatı̄ pári bhúvadvā´n.ı̄ sayā´varı̄ |

tám
náks.amān.ā sahá dyúbhih. || 8 ||

ūrdhvā´sastvā´nvı́ndavo bhúvandasmámúpa dyávi |

. te namanta kr..s.táyah. || 9 ||
sám
 ✽✹✶

✶✳ ❙t❛rt ②❡ t♦ s✐♥❣ ②♦✉r ❞❡❧✐❣❤t✐♥❣ ❬❤②♠♥ ♦❢ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t✐♦♥ ❪

✶
t♦ Indra✱ t♦ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❛✇♥② ❤♦rs❡s ♦♥❡✱
❖ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s✱ t♦ t❤❡ ❞r✐♥❦❡r ♦❢ Soma✦
✷✳ ❚❤♦✉ ❥✉st r❡❝✐t❡ ❛ ✈❡rs❡ t♦ t❤❡ ❧✐❜❡r❛❧ ♦♥❡✱
❛♥❞ ❢♦r ❤✐♠✱ ✇❤♦s❡ s❛t✐s❢❛❝t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❬♦♥❡✬s❪ ❞❡s✐r❡ ✐s r❡❛❧✱
✇❡✱ ❛s ♠❡♥✱ ❤❛✈❡ ❝r❡❛t❡❞ ❡♠♣♦✇❡r❡❞✲❜②✲t❤❡✲❍❡❛✈❡♥ ❬❞r✐♥❦❪✳
✸✳ ❚❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❬❛r❡❪ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ ❢♦r ✉s ❛ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱
t❤♦✉ ❬❛r❡❪ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s✱
❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ✇✐❧❡s ♦♥❡✱
t❤♦✉ ❬❛r❡❪ ❛ttr❛❝t✐♥❣ ❣♦❧❞✱ ❖ ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧ ♦♥❡✦
✹✳ ❲❡ ❬❛r❡❪ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Indra✱
✇❡ ❛r❡ ✜♥❞✐♥❣ ❛❣❛✐♥ ❛♥❞ ❛❣❛✐♥ ♦✉r ✇❛② ❬t♦ t❤❡❡❪✱ ❖ ❜✉❧❧✱
t❤❡♥ ❞♦ ✜♥❞ ✉s✱ ❖ ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧ ♦♥❡✦
✺✳ ❉♦ ♥♦t ♠❛❦❡ ✉s s✉❜❥❡❝t t♦ ❛♥ ✐♠♣♦s❡❞ ❝♦♥str❛✐♥t t♦ s♣❡❛❦
❛♥❞ t♦ t❤❛t t❤❛t ❤♦❧❞s ❜❛❝❦ ❢r♦♠ r✐s✐♥❣ ✉♣✇❛r❞s ♦♥❡✦
✷
❇❡s✐❞❡s✱ ✐♥ t❤❡❡ ❬✐s❪ ♠② r❡s♦✉r❝❡❢✉❧♥❡ss✳
✻✳ ❚❤♦✉ ❛r❡ ❛♥ ❛r♠♦✉r ♦❢ ❜r♦❛❞ ❡①t❡♥t
❛♥❞ ❛ ✇❛rr✐♦r ✇❤♦ ✐s ✐♥ ❢r♦♥t✱ ❖ s❧❛②❡r ♦❢ Vr.tra✦
❚♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ t❤❡❡ ❛s ②♦❦❡♠❛t❡ ■ r❡s♣♦♥❞ ❬t♦ ❛ ❝❤❛❧❧❡♥❣❡❪✳
✼✳ ❆♥❞ t❤♦✉ ❛r❡ t❤❡ ♠✐❣❤t② ♦♥❡
t♦ ✇❤♦s❡ ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ str❡♥❣t❤ t❤♦s❡✱
r❡str❛✐♥✐♥❣ s♣♦♥t❛♥❡✐t② Rodas✲❡s✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❤❛✈❡ ❛ss❡♥t❡❞✳
✽✳ ❆❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② Marut✲s✱
❣♦✐♥❣ ❛❧♦♥❣ ✇✐t❤ ❬❛♥❞❪ ❛rr✐✈✐♥❣ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ❣❧♦✇s
t✉♥❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❡♥❝♦♠♣❛ss s✉❝❤ t❤❡❡✳
✾✳ ❚❡♥❞✐♥❣ ✉♣✇❛r❞s ❛❢t❡r t❤❡❡✱ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❧✐s❤✐♥❣ ✇♦♥❞❡r❢✉❧ ❞❡❡❞s ♦♥❡✱
❞r♦♣s ♦❢ ♣✉r❡ Soma s❤❛❧❧ ❛ss✐st ❬t❤❡❡❪ ❞✉r✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❞❛② ✖
t❤❡ tr✐❜❡s s❤❛❧❧ s✉❜♠✐t t♦ t❤❡❡✳

✶ arka
✷ bādha ✖ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡ t♦ s✉♣♣r❡ss
✽✹✷

prá vo mahé mahivŕ.dhe bharadhvam .

prácetase prá sumatı́m . kr.n.udhvam |
vı́śah. pūrv´ı̄h. prá carā cars.an.iprā´h. || 10 ||

uruvyácase mahı́ne suvr.ktı́m

ı́ndrāya bráhma janayanta vı́prāh. |
tásya vratā´ni ná minanti dh´ı̄rāh. || 11 ||

ı́ndram . vā´n.ı̄ránuttamanyumevá
satrā´ rā´jānam . dadhire sáhadhyai |
háryaśvāya barhayā sámāp´ı̄n || 12 ||
 ✽✹✸

✶✵✳ ❖✛❡r ②❡ ②♦✉rs❡❧✈❡s t♦ ②♦✉r ♠✐❣❤t②✱ ❣r❡❛t❧② str❡♥❣t❤❡♥✐♥❣ ♦♥❡✦

P❡r❢♦r♠ ❛♥ ❡✛❡❝t✐✈❡ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❣❡st✉r❡ ❢♦r t❤❡ ❢♦r❡s✐❣❤t❡❞ ♦♥❡✦
❚❤♦✉✱ ✜❧❧✐♥❣ t❤♦s❡ ✇❤♦ ❞r❛✇ t♦ t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s ✱✸
❛rr✐✈❡ ❛t ♠❛♥② ❤♦♠❡st❡❛❞s✦
✶✶✳ ❋♦r t❤❡ ✇✐❞❡❧② ❡①t❡♥❞✐♥❣✱ ❢♦r ♣♦ss❡ss✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♠✐❣❤t ♦♥❡ ✖
❢♦r Indra
✐♥✇❛r❞❧② ❡①❝✐t❡❞ ♦♥❡s s❤❛❧❧ ❝r❡❛t❡ ❛ ✇❡❧❧✲t✇✐st❡❞ ❬❝♦♥❝❡♣t✐♦♥ ❪✱
✹
❬❛♥❞❪ ❛ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥✳
❚❤❡②✱ ❢❛❝✐❧✐t❛t✐♥❣ ❝♦♥t❡♠♣❧❛t✐♦♥s✱ ❞♦ ♥♦t ❞✐♠✐♥✐s❤
❤✐s s♣❤❡r❡s ♦❢ ❛❝t✐♦♥✳
✶✷✳ ❚✉♥❡s ❤❛✈❡ ❛❧✇❛②s s❡t ✉♣ Indra
✭✇❤♦s❡ r❛❣❡ ✐s ♥♦t ❬t♦ ❜❡❪ ❞♦✇♥♣❧❛②❡❞✮
❛s ❛ ❝❤✐❡❢t❛✐♥ ✖ t♦ ❞❡❢❡❛t ❬❡♥❡♠✐❡s❪✳
❉♦ t❤♦✉ ❜❡❡❢✲✉♣ ❛❧❧✐❡s ✇✐t❤ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ❤❛s t❛✇♥② ❤♦rs❡s✦

✸ ❂ s❡♥s❡s
✹ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ✼✳✷✹✳✷❝❞
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✼✳✸✷

Vasis..tha Maitravarun.i ❛♥❞ Śakti Vāsis..tha | Br.hatı̄ ❛❧t❡r♥❛t✐♥❣ ✇✐t❤

Satobr.hatı̄ ❡①❝❡♣t ✸ Dvipadā Virāj | t♦ Indra

mó .sú tvā vāghátaścanā´ré asmánnı́ rı̄raman |

ārā´ttāccitsadhamā´dam . na ā´ gahı̄há vā sánnúpa śrudhi || 1 ||

imé hı́ te brahmakŕ.tah. suté sácā mádhau ná máks.a ā´sate |

ı́ndre kā´mam. jaritā´ro vasūyávo ráthe ná pā´damā´ dadhuh. || 2 ||

rāyáskāmo vájrahastam
. sudáks.in.am . huve || 3 ||
. putró ná pitáram

imá ı́ndrāya sunvire sómāso dádhyāśirah. |

tā´m̃
. ā´ mádāya vajrahasta pı̄táye háribhyām
. yāhyóka ā´ || 4 ||

śrávachrútkarn.a ı̄yate vásūnām . nū´ cinno mardhis.adgı́rah. |

sadyáścidyáh. sahásrān.i śatā dádannákirdı́tsantamā´ minat || 5 ||
´

sá vı̄ró ápratis.kuta ı́ndren.a śūśuve nŕ.bhih. |

yáste gabhı̄rā´ sávanāni vr.trahansunótyā´ ca dhā´vati || 6 ||

bhávā várūtham. maghavanmaghónām . yátsamájāsi śárdhatah. |

vı́ tvā´hatasya védanam
. bhajemahy ´
ā . ā´śo bharā gáyam || 7 ||
dūn

sunótā somapā´vne sómamı́ndrāya vajrı́n.e |

pácatā pakt´ı̄rávase kr.n.udhvámı́tpr.n.ánnı́tpr.n.até máyah. || 8 ||
 ✽✹✺

✶✳ ▼❛② t❤♦s❡ ✇❤♦ ♠❛❦❡ t❤❡ ❡✛♦rt

❜② ♥♦ ♠❡❛♥s ❞❡t❛✐♥ t❤❡❡ ❢❛r ❛✇❛② ❢r♦♠ ✉s✦
❊✈❡♥ ❢r♦♠ ❛ ❞✐st❛♥t ♣❧❛❝❡ ❝♦♠❡ t♦ ♦✉r ❞r✐♥❦✐♥❣ ❜♦✉t
❖r✱ ❜❡✐♥❣ ❤❡r❡ ❬❛❧r❡❛❞②❪✱ ❞♦ ❧✐st❡♥✦
✷✳ ❙✐♥❝❡ t❤❡s❡✱ ♣❡r❢♦r♠✐♥❣ ❢♦r t❤❡❡ ❛ s❛❝r❡❞ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛ ♦♥❡s✱ ❬❛r❡❪
♥❡❛r ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❬Soma❪ ✖ ❧✐❦❡ ❛ ✢② ♥❡❛r ❤♦♥❡②✱
t❤❡②✱ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ ❜❡♥❡✜ts ♣r❛✐s❡rs✱ ❤❛✈❡ ♣❧❛❝❡❞ ❬t❤❡✐r❪ ❧♦♥❣✐♥❣
✉♣♦♥ Indra ❛s ✐❢ ❛ ❢♦♦t ✉♣♦♥ ❛ ❝❤❛r✐♦t✳
✸✳ ▲♦♥❣✐♥❣ ❛❢t❡r t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡✱ ■ ❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥ ❤✐♠
✇❤♦ ❤❛s ❛ ❣♦♦❞ r✐❣❤t ❤❛♥❞✱
✇❤♦ ❤❛s t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t ✐♥ ❬t❤❛t❪ ❤❛♥❞✱ ❛s s♦♥ ❬❝❛❧❧s❪ ✉♣♦♥ ❢❛t❤❡r✳
✖✖
✹✳ ❚❤❡s❡ ♠✐①❡❞ ✇✐t❤ ❝♦❛❣✉❧❛t❡❞ ♠✐❧❦ ❞r♦♣s ♦❢ Soma
❛r❡ ❡✛✉s✐♥❣ ❢♦r Indra✳
❏♦✉r♥❡② t♦✇❛r❞ t❤❡♠ ✉s✐♥❣ t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s✱
❖ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲✐♥✲❤❛♥❞ ♦♥❡✱
t♦✇❛r❞s ❬t❤②❪ ❛❜♦❞❡ ✖ t♦ ❞r✐♥❦✱ t♦ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t❡❞✦
✺✳ ❍❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❧✐st❡♥✱ ❤❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧ ❬deva✲s❪ ✇❤♦ ✐s q✉✐❝❦ t♦ ❤❡❛r
✐s ❬❜❡✐♥❣❪ ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤❡❞✱
❤❡ ✇✐❧❧ ♥❡✈❡r ♥❡❣❧❡❝t ♦✉r ❝❤❛♥ts✳
◆♦♦♥❡ ✇♦✉❧❞ ❝✉rt❛✐❧ ❤✐♠✱ ❞❡s✐r✐♥❣ t♦ ❣✐✈❡✱ ✇❤♦ ❥✉st ✐♥ ❛♥ ✐♥st❛♥t
❬✐s❪ ❣✐✈✐♥❣ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞s ❬♦r ❡✈❡♥❪ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞s ❬❢❛✈♦✉rs ✭❄✮❪✳
✖✖
✻✳ ❍❡ ✱ ✇❤♦ ♣r❡ss❡s ♦✉t ❢♦r t❤❡❡✱ ❖ s❧❛②❡r ♦❢ Vr.tra✱
✶
❛♥❞ ❤❛st❡♥s t♦✇❛r❞s ❬t❤❡❡❪ ♠②st❡r✐♦✉s ❧✐❜❛t✐♦♥s✱
❬✐s❪ ♥♦t✲t♦✲❜❡✲❦❡♣t✲♦✛ ❤❡r♦✱
s✇❡❧❧❡❞ ✇✐t❤ Indra✱ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ❬❤✐s❪ ♠❡♥
✼✳ ❇❡❝♦♠❡ ❛♥ ❛r♠♦✉r ♦❢ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡s✱ ❖ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡✱
✇❤❡♥ t❤♦✉ ❜r✐♥❣ ✐♥t♦ ❬t❤✐s❪ ❝♦♥✢✐❝t ❞❡✜❛♥t ♦♥❡s✦
❚❤♦✉✱ ❞✐✣❝✉❧t t♦ ❦♥♦❝❦ ♦✉t✱ ❜r✐♥❣ ❤❡r❡
t❤❡ ♣r♦♣❡rt② ♦❢ ❦✐❧❧❡❞ ❜② t❤❡❡ ❬r✐✈❛❧❪
s♦ t❤❛t ✇❡ ♠✐❣❤t ❞✐✈✐❞❡ ✇❤❛t t✉r♥s ✉♣✳
✖✖
✽✳ Pr❡ss ②❡ Soma ❢♦r t❤❡ ❞r✐♥❦❡r ♦❢ Soma ✖
❢♦r t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲✇✐❡❧❞❡r Indra✦
❉♦ ②❡ ♠❛t✉r❡ ✇❤❛t ✐s ❜❡✐♥❣ ❝♦♦❦❡❞ ✖
❥✉st ❤❡❧♣ ❬❤✐♠❪ ❢♦r ②♦✉r ♦✇♥ s❛❦❡✦
❏✉st ❤❡ ✇❤♦ ✐s ♥♦✉r✐s❤✐♥❣
❬✐s❪ ❛ ❞❡❧✐❣❤t ❢♦r ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ✐s ♥♦✉r✐s❤✐♥❣✳
✶ ❛♥ ❛❞❡♣t ♦❢ Indra
✽✹✻

mā´ sredhata somino dáks.atā mahé kr.n.udhvám . rāyá ātúje |

tarán.irı́jjayati ks.éti pús.yati ná devā´sah. kavatnáve || 9 ||

nákih. sudā´so rátham . páryāsa ná rı̄ramat |

ı́ndro yásyāvitā´ yásya marúto gámatsá gómati vrajé || 10 ||

gámadvā´jam. vājáyannindra mártyo yásya tvámavitā´ bhúvah. |

asmā´kam. bodhyavit ā´ ráthānāmasmā´kam
. śūra nr.n.ā´m || 11 ||

údı́nnvasya ricyaté ′m. śo dhánam . ná jigyús.ah. |

yá ı́ndro hárivānná dabhanti tám . rı́po
dáks.am. dadhāti somı́ni || 12 ||

mántramákharvam . súdhitam
. supéśasam . dádhāta yajñı́yes.vā´ |
pūrv´ı̄ścaná prásitayastaranti tám
. yá ı́ndre kárman.ā bhúvat || 13 ||

kástámindra tvā´vasumā´ mártyo dadhars.ati |

śraddhā´ ı́tte maghavanpā´rye divı́ vāj´ı̄ vā´jam
. sis.āsati || 14 ||
 ✽✹✼

✾✳ ❉♦ ♥♦t ❜❧✉♥❞❡r✱ ❖ ②❡✱ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣ Soma✱

❞♦ ②❡ ❛❝t t♦ t❤❡ s❛t✐s❢❛❝t✐♦♥ ♦❢ t❤❡ ♠✐❣❤t② ♦♥❡✱
❤❡❧♣ t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡ t♦ ❝♦♥❝❡♥tr❛t❡✦
❏✉st ❤❡✱ ✇❤♦ ❝❛rr✐❡s ❬✐t❪ ❛❝r♦ss✱ ✇✐♥s✱
❤❡ ❞✇❡❧❧s ✐♥ ♣❡❛❝❡✱ ❤❡ ✢♦✉r✐s❤❡s❀
deva✲s ❬❛r❡❪ ♥♦t ❢♦r ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ tr✐❡s t♦ ❜❡ st✐♥❣②✳
✖✖
✶✵✳ ◆♦ ♦♥❡ ✇❛s ✐♥ t❤❡ ✇❛② ♦❢ Sudās✬ ❝❤❛r✐♦t✱
❬♥♦♥❡❪ ❝♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ st♦♣♣❡❞ ❬✐t❪✳
❖❢ ✇❤♦♠ Indra ✐s ❤❡❧♣❡r✱ ♦❢ ✇❤♦♠ Marut✲s✱
❤❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤ r✐❝❤ ✇✐t❤ ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s
❬s❛❝r✐✜❝✐❛❧❪ ❡♥❝❧♦s✉r❡✳
✶✶✳ ❍❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❛tt❛✐♥ ❛ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r ✖
♣r❛❝t✐❝✐♥❣ r✉s❤❡s ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r ♠♦rt❛❧ ✖
✇❤♦s❡ ♣r♦♠♦t❡r t❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ ✇✐❧❧ ❜❡✦
❇❡❝♦♠❡ ♣r♦♠♦t❡r ♦❢ ♦✉r ❝❤❛r✐♦ts✱
♦❢ ♦✉r ♠❡♥✱ ❖ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✦
✶✷✳ ❚❤❡ s❤❛r❡ ♦❢ s✉❝❤ ♦♥❡ ✐s ❛❧✇❛②s ♠❛❞❡ t♦ st❛♥❞ ♦✉t ✖
❧✐❦❡ ✇✐♥♥❡r✬s ♣r✐③❡❀
✇❤♦ ❬✐s❪ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞✲❜②✲t❛✇♥②✲♦♥❡s Indra✱
❤✐♠ tr✐❝❦st❡rs ❞♦ ♥♦t ❞❡❝❡✐✈❡ ✖
❤❡ ♣✉ts ✐♥t♦ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ♦✛❡rs Soma t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r ♦❢ ❞✐s❝❡r♥♠❡♥t✳
✷
✖✖
✶✸✳ ❉♦ ②❡ ✜① ❛♥ ✉♥❛❜r✐❞❣❡❞ ✇❡❧❧✲♣r❡♣❛r❡❞ ✐♥tr✐❝❛t❡ ♠❛♥tr❛
✐♥t♦ ✇♦rt❤②✲♦❢✲❛✲s❛❝r✐✜❝❡ ♦♥❡s✦
◆♦t ♠❛♥② ❛tt❛❝❦s ❣❡t t❤r♦✉❣❤ ❤✐♠
✇❤♦ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❬❤✐s ♦✇♥❪ ❛❝t✐✈✐t②
s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ✐♥ ❬t❤❡ st❛t❡ ♦❢❪ Indra✳
✶✹✳ ❲❤✐❝❤ ♠♦rt❛❧ ❞❛r❡s t♦ ❛tt❛❝❦ ❤✐♠
✇❤♦ ✐s ❡♥❞♦✇❡❞ ❜② t❤❡❡❄
❖♥ ❛ ❞❡❝✐s✐✈❡ ❞❛② ♦♥❧② t❤r♦✉❣❤ tr✉st ✐♥ t❤❡❡✱
❖ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡✱
❤❡✱ ✇❤♦ ✐s ❝❛♣❛❜❧❡ ♦❢ r✉s❤❡s ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱
s❡❡❦s t♦ ♣r♦❝✉r❡ ❛ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✳

✷ Indra
✽✹✽

maghónah. sma vr.trahátyes.u codaya yé dádati priyā´ vásu |

táva prán.ı̄tı̄ haryaśva sūrı́bhirvı́śvā tarema duritā´ || 15 ||

távédindrāvamám . pus.yasi madhyamám |

. vásu tvám
satrā´ vı́śvasya paramásya rājasi nákis..tvā gós.u vr.n.vate || 16 ||

tvám. vı́śvasya dhanadā´ asi śrutó yá ı̄m. bhávantyājáyah. |

távāyám
. vı́śvah
. puruhūta p ´
ā rthivo ′
vasyúrn ā´ma bhiks.ate || 17 ||

yádindra yā´vatastvámetā´vadahám´ı̄śı̄ya |
stotā´ramı́ddidhis.eya radāvaso ná pāpatvā´ya rāsı̄ya || 18 ||

śı́ks.eyamı́nmahayaté divédive rāyá ā´ kuhacidvı́de |

nahı́ tvádanyánmaghavanna ā´pyam . vásyo ásti pitā´ caná || 19 ||

tarán.irı́tsis.āsati vā´jam . dhyā yujā´ |

. púram
´
ā va ı́ndram . puruhūtám . name girā´ nemı́m . tás..teva sudrvàm || 20 ||

ná dus..tut´ı̄ mártyo vindate vásu ná srédhantam . rayı́rnaśat |

suśáktirı́nmaghavantúbhyam . m ´
ā vate des n
.. .ám yátp ā´rye divı́ || 21 ||
 ✽✹✾

✶✺✳ ■♠♣❡❧ tr✉❧② ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡s ✐♥t♦ ❬❛❝ts ♦❢❪ s❧❛②✐♥❣ Vr.tra ✖
t❤♦s❡ ✇❤♦ ❬♣❧❛❝❡❪ ✐♥t♦ ❜❡st♦✇✐♥❣ ♦♥❡
❬❤✐s❪ ❢❛✈♦r✐t❡ ❬❞r♦♣s ♦❢ ❤♦♥❡② ❪
✸
❛t ❛♥ ❛❞✈❛♥t❛❣❡ ❬♦❢ t❤❡s❡ ✈❡rs❡s❪✦
❲✐t❤ t❤② ❣✉✐❞❛♥❝❡✱ ❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❛✇♥② ❤♦rs❡s ♦♥❡✱
✇❡ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ✐♥st✐t✉t♦rs ♦❢ ❬t❤✐s❪ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡
♠✐❣❤t ❝r♦ss ♦✈❡r ❛❧❧ ❞✐✣❝✉❧t✐❡s✳
✖✖
✶✻✳ ❊✈❡♥ t❤❡ ❧❡❛st ♦❢ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Indra✱ ✐s ❛ ❜❡♥❡✜t✳
❚❤♦✉ ❢♦st❡r ✇❤❛t ✐s ♠♦❞❡r❛t❡✱
t❤♦✉ ❛❧✇❛②s ❣♦✈❡r♥ ❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣ ✉❧t✐♠❛t❡✳
❚❤❡② ♥❡✈❡r ❤✐❞❡ t❤❡❡ ✇❤❡♥ ❛♠♦♥❣ ♦①❡♥ ✳ ✹
✶✼✳ ❚❤♦✉ ❛r❡ ❢❛♠❡❞ ❛s ❡✈❡r②♦♥❡✬s ♣r✐③❡✲❣✐✈❡r ✖
✇❤❛t❡✈❡r ✜❣❤t✐♥❣ ♠❛t❝❤❡s t❤❡r❡ ❛r❡✳
❊✈❡r② s❡❡❦✐♥❣ ❤❡❧♣ ❡❛rt❤❧✐♥❣ ❤❡r❡
❞❡s✐r❡s t♦ ♣❛rt❛❦❡ t❤②✱ ❖ ♠✉❝❤ ✐♥✈♦❦❡❞ ♦♥❡✱ ♥❛t✉r❡✳
✶✽✳ ■❢✱ ❖ Indra✱ ■ ✇❡r❡ t♦ ♣♦ss❡ss ❛s ♠✉❝❤ ❛s t❤♦✉✱
❬❛♥❞❪ ■ ✇♦✉❧❞ ✇✐s❤ t♦ ❤❛✈❡ t♦ ♠②s❡❧❢ ❡✈❡♥ ❛ ❤②♠♥✲s✐♥❣❡r✱
■ ✇♦✉❧❞ ♥♦t ❣✐✈❡ ❬❤✐♠❪ ♦✈❡r t♦ ♣♦✈❡rt②✱ ❖ ❞✐✈✐❞✐♥❣ ✇❡❛❧t❤ ♦♥❡✦
✶✾✳ ■ ✇♦✉❧❞ ❥✉st s❡❡❦ t♦ ❤❡❧♣ ❤✐♠ ✭✇❤❡r❡✈❡r ❤❡ ✐s✮
✇❤♦ ❞❛②✲❛❢t❡r✲❞❛② ❛r♦✉s❡s ❬t❤❡❡❪ t♦✇❛r❞s r❡✇❛r❞s
t❤❡r❡ ✐s ♥♦ ❜❡tt❡r ❛❧❧✐❛♥❝❡ ❢♦r ✉s
♦t❤❡r t❤❛♥ t❤♦✉ ✖ ♥♦t ❡✈❡♥ ❛ ❢❛t❤❡r✳
✷✵✳ ❏✉st ❝❛rr②✐♥❣ ❬✐t❪ ❛❝r♦ss ♦♥❡ s❡❡❦s t♦ ♣r♦❝✉r❡
t❤❡ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r ✇✐t❤ ❜❡❛r✐♥❣ ❢✉❧❧♥❡ss ②♦❦❡♠❛t❡✳
❋♦r ②♦✉ ■ ❜❡♥❞ ♠✉❝❤✲✐♥✈♦❦❡❞ Indra ❤❡r❡
✇✐t❤ ❛ ❝❤❛♥t ✖ ❧✐❦❡ ❛ ❝❛r♣❡♥t❡r ❬❜❡♥❞s❪ ❣♦♦❞ ✇♦♦❞ ✐♥t♦ ❛ ❢❡❧❧②✳
✷✶✳ ❆ ♠♦rt❛❧ ❞♦❡s ♥♦t ❝♦♠❡ ❜② ✇❤❛t✬s ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧
❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❛ ❜❛❞ ❡✉❧♦❣②❀
✇❡❛❧t❤ s❤❛❧❧ ♥♦t ♠❡❡t ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ❢❛✐❧s✳
■t ✐s r❡❛❧❧② ❡❛s② ❢♦r t❤❡❡✱ ❖ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡ ✖
✇❤✐❝❤ ❬✐s❪ ❣✐✈✐♥❣ t♦ ❬s♦♠❡♦♥❡❪ ❧✐❦❡ ♠❡ ♦♥ ❛ ❞❡❝✐s✐✈❡ ❞❛②✳
✖✖

✸ madhūni ✕ s❡❡ ✼✳✷✹✳✷❜

✹ ❂❜✉❧❧✐❡s
✽✺✵

abhı́ tvā śūra nonumó ′dugdhā iva dhenávah. |

´ı̄śānamasyá jágatah. svàrdŕ.śam´ı̄śānamindra tasthús.ah. || 22 ||

ná tvā´vām̃
. anyó divyó ná pā´rthivo ná jātó ná janis.yate |
aśvāyánto maghavannindra vājı́no gavyántastvā havāmahe || 23 ||

abh´ı̄ .satástádā´ bharéndra jyā´yah. kánı̄yasah. |

purūvásurhı́ maghavansanā´dási bhárebhare ca hávyah. || 24 ||

párā n.udasva maghavannamı́trānsuvédā no vásū kr.dhi |

asmā´kam . bodhyavitā´ mahādhané bhávā vr.dháh. sákhı̄nām || 25 ||

ı́ndra krátum . na ā´ bhara pitā´ putrébhyo yáthā |

śı́ks.ā n.o asmı́npuruhūta yā´mani jı̄vā´ jyótiraśı̄mahi || 26 ||

mā´ no ájñātā vr.jánā durādhyò mā´śivāso áva kramuh. |

′
tváyā vayám. pravátah. śáśvatı̄rapó ti śūra tarāmasi || 27 ||
 ✽✺✶

✷✷✳ ❆❣❛✐♥ ❛♥❞ ❛❣❛✐♥ ✇❡ ✜♥❞ ♦✉r ✇❛②✱ ❧✐❦❡ ✉♥✲♠✐❧❦❡❞ ♠✐❧❝❤✲❝♦✇s✱
t♦✇❛r❞s t❤❡❡✱ ❖ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱
❜❡❤♦❧❞✐♥❣ svàr✱ ❜❡✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❝❤❛r❣❡ ♦❢ t❤✐s ♦♥❡✱ ✇❤♦ ✐s ♦♥ t❤❡ ♠♦✈❡✱
❜❡✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❝❤❛r❣❡ ♦❢ ❬t❤❛t ♦♥❡❪ ✇❤♦ ✐s s❡tt❧❡❞✱ ❖ Indra✦
✷✸✳ ◆♦ ♦t❤❡r ❧✐❦❡ t❤❡❡ ✇❛s ❜♦r♥ ❬♦r❪
✇✐❧❧ ❜❡ ❜♦r♥✱ ♥❡✐t❤❡r ❝❡❧❡st✐❛❧✱ ♥♦r ❡❛rt❤❧②✳
❙❡❡❦✐♥❣ ❤♦rs❡s✱ ❖ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s Indra✱ ❝❛♣❛❜❧❡ ♦❢ r✉s❤❡s ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱
s❡❡❦✐♥❣ ❝♦✇s ✇❡ ❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥ t❤❡❡✦
✷✹✳ ❇r✐♥❣ ❤❡r❡✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❡q✉❛❧❧② t♦✇❛r❞s ❬✉s❪
✇❤♦ ❛r❡ ✐♥❢❡r✐♦r✱ t❤❛t ❬✇❤✐❝❤ ✐s❪ s✉♣❡r✐♦r ✖
s✐♥❝❡ ❢r♦♠ ♦❢ ♦❧❞ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡✱ ❛r❡ ♦❢ ♠❛♥② ❜❡♥❡✜ts✱
❛♥❞ t♦ ❜❡ ❝❛❧❧❡❞ ✉♣♦♥ ✐♥ ❡✈❡r② ❜❛tt❧❡✳
✖✖
✷✺✳ P✉s❤ ❛s✐❞❡✱ ❖ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡✱ ❤♦st✐❧❡s✱
♠❛❦❡ ❬t❤②❪ ❜❡♥❡✜ts ❢♦r ✉s ❡❛s② t♦✲❝♦♠❡✲❜②✦
■♥ ❛ ❣r❡❛t ❜❛tt❧❡✱ ❜❡ ♦✉r ❤❡❧♣❡r✦
❇❡❝♦♠❡ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥✐♥❣ ❬t❤②❪ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s✦
✷✻✳ ❖ Indra✱ ❜r✐♥❣ t♦ ✉s ❬t❤②❪ r❡s♦✉r❝❡❢✉❧♥❡ss✱
❧✐❦❡ ❢❛t❤❡r t♦ s♦♥s✦
❊①❡rt t❤②s❡❧❢ ❢♦r ♦✉r s❛❦❡✱ ❖ ♠✉❝❤ ✐♥✈♦❦❡❞ ♦♥❡✱
❞✉r✐♥❣ t❤✐s ❡①♣❡❞✐t✐♦♥✱
❬s♦ t❤❛t❪ ✇❡ ✇♦✉❧❞ r❡❛❝❤ t❤❡ ❧✐❣❤t ❛❧✐✈❡✦
✷✼✳ ▼❛② ♥♦t ✉♥❦♥♦✇♥ ❬t♦ ✉s❪ ❬❜r✐♥❣✐♥❣❪ ❢❛✉❧t② ✐❞❡❛s
t✇✐sts ❬♦❢ ❡✈❡♥ts❪✱
♠❛② ♥♦t ✐♥❝✐t✐♥❣✲r❡❛❝t✐✈❡✲✐♠♣✉❧s✐✈❡♥❡ss ❬❛❧❧✲❝♦♥s✉♠✐♥❣ ❢❡❛rs ❪
✺ ✻
❞❡s❝❡♥❞ ✉♣♦♥ ✉s✦
❲✐t❤ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱ ✇❡ ♠✐❣❤t ❝r♦ss ♦✈❡r
♠♦✉♥t❛✐♥ s❧♦♣❡s ❬❛♥❞❪ ♥✉♠❡r♦✉s ✇❛t❡r❬✲♦❜st❛❝❧❡s❪✦

✺ a-śiva
✻ atrinas
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✼✳✽✷

Vasis..tha Maitravarun.i | Jagatı̄ | t♦ Indra ❛♥❞ Varun.a

ı́ndrāvarun.ā yuvámadhvarā´ya no
viśé jánāya máhi śárma yachatam |
dı̄rgháprayajyumáti yó vanus.yáti
vayám . jayema pŕ.tanāsu dūd.hyàh. || 1 ||

samrā´..danyáh. svarā´..danyá ucyate vām

.
mahā´ntāvı́ndrāvárun.ā mahā´vasū |
vı́śve devā´sah. paramé vyòmani
sám . vāmójo vr..san.ā sám . dadhuh. || 2 ||
. bálam

ánvapā´m
. khā´nyatr.ntamójas
´ ´
ā sūryamairayatam . divı́ prabhúm |
ı́ndrāvarun.ā máde asya māyı́nó ′pinvatam
. dhı́yah. || 3 ||
apı́tah. pı́nvatam

yuvā´mı́dyutsú pŕ.tanāsu váhnayo

yuvā´m . ks.émasya prasavé mitájñavah. |
ı̄śānā´ vásva ubháyasya kāráva
ı́ndrāvarun.ā suhávā havāmahe || 4 ||

ı́ndrāvarun.ā yádimā´ni cakráthur

vı́śvā jātā´ni bhúvanasya majmánā |
ks.émen.a mitró várun.am . duvasyáti
marúdbhirugráh. śúbhamanyá ı̄yate || 5 ||
 ✽✺✸

✶✳ ❖ Indra✕Varun.a✱ ②♦✉ t✇♦ ❞♦ str❡t❝❤ ♦✉t ❛ ❣r❡❛t s❤❡❧t❡r

❢♦r ❬t❤✐s❪ ♣r♦❝❡❡❞✐♥❣ ♦♥ ✐ts ✇❛② ❬s❛❝r✐✜❝❡❪✱ ❢♦r ♦✉r tr✐❜❡✱ ♣❡♦♣❧❡✱
s♦ t❤❛t ✐♥ ❜❛tt❧❡s ✇❡ ✇♦✉❧❞ ♦✈❡r❝♦♠❡ t❤♦s❡ ✇✐t❤ ❡✈✐❧ ✈✐s✐♦♥s✱
❬❛♥❞❪ ❤✐♠✱ s✉r♣❛ss✐♥❣ ♣❡rs❡✈❡r✐♥❣✲✐♥✲♦✛❡r✐♥❣s ♦♥❡✱
❤✐♠✱ ✇❤♦ ♣❧♦ts t♦ ❛tt❛❝❦ ❬✉s❪✳
✷✳ ❖♥❡ ♦❢ ②♦✉ t✇♦ ✐s ❞❡s❝r✐❜❡❞ ❛s ❛ ❥♦✐♥t r✉❧❡r✶ ✱
❛♥♦t❤❡r ❛s ❛ s❡❧❢✲r✉❧✐♥❣ ♦♥❡✷ ✳
▼✐❣❤t②✱ ♦❢ ❣r❡❛t ❜❡♥❡✜ts ❛r❡ Indra✕Varun.a✳
■♥ t❤❡ ✉❧t✐♠❛t❡ s♣❛❝❡ ♦❢ ❞❡t❛❝❤♠❡♥t ❛❧❧ deva✲s
❤❛✈❡ ♣✉t t♦❣❡t❤❡r ❢♦r ②♦✉ t✇♦ t❤❡ ✈✐❣♦✉r ❬❛♥❞❪ t❤❡ str❡♥❣t❤✳
✸✳ ❲✐t❤ ❬t❤❛t❪ ✈✐❣♦✉r ②♦✉ t✇♦ ❞✐❞ ♣✐❡r❝❡ ♦♥❡ ❛❢t❡r ❛♥♦t❤❡r
❛♣❡rt✉r❡s ♦❢ t❤❡ ❬✐♥♥❡r❪ ✇❛t❡rs✳
❨♦✉ t✇♦ ❛r♦✉s❡❞ t❤❡ s✉♥ t♦ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st ✐♥ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥✳✸
❖ Indra✕Varun.a✱ ✐♥ ✐♥t♦①✐❝❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ t❤✐s ♦♥❡✹ ✱
✇❤♦ ❤❛s t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❢r❛♠❡ ❬✐❞❡❛s ❛♥❞ ♣❡r❝❡♣t✐♦♥❪✱
②♦✉ t✇♦ s✇❡❧❧❡❞ ❞❡♣❧❡t❡❞ ❬✇❛t❡rs❪✳
❉♦ ♠❛❦❡ ❬♦✉r❪ ✈✐s✐♦♥s ✢❡s❤❡❞ ♦✉t✺ ✦
✹✳ ■♥ ❝❧❛s❤❡s✱ ✐♥ ❜❛tt❧❡s✱ ❬✇❡✱❪ ❛s r✐❞❡rs✱ ❬❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥❪ ❥✉st ②♦✉ t✇♦❀
❞✉r✐♥❣ ✐♠♣✉❧s✐♦♥ ❢♦r ❛ s❡tt❧❡❞ ❧✐❢❡✱
❬✇❡✱❪ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ str♦♥❣ ❦♥❡❡s✱ ❬❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥❪ ②♦✉ t✇♦✳
❲❡✱ s✐♥❣❡rs ♦❢ ❡✉❧♦❣✐❡s✱ ❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥ ❬②♦✉ t✇♦✱❪ ❡❛s② t♦ s✉♠♠♦♥✱
❝❛♣❛❜❧❡ ♦❢ ❬❣✐✈✐♥❣❪ ❜♦t❤ ❦✐♥❞s ♦❢ ❜❡♥❡✜ts✱ ❖ Indra✕Varun.a✦
✺✳ ❖ Indra✕Varun.a✱ ✇❤❡♥ ②♦✉ t✇♦ ♠❛❥❡st✐❝❛❧❧② ❝r❡❛t❡✻
❛❧❧ t❤❡s❡ ❜❡✐♥❣s ♦❢ ❬t❤✐s❪ ♣❧❛❝❡ ♦❢ ❡①✐st❡♥❝❡✱
Mitra r❡✇❛r❞s Varun.a ✇✐t❤ s❡tt❧❡❞ ❧✐❢❡✱
t❤❡ ♦t❤❡r✱ ❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s ♦♥❡✱
❛❣❛✐♥ ❛♥❞ ❛❣❛✐♥ r❡✐♥❢♦r❝❡s ❬Varun.a❪ ✇✐t❤ Marut✲s✳

✶ Varuna
.
✷ Indra
✸ ❚❤❡② ❝❛✉s❡❞ manipūra ❝❛❦r❛ t♦ ❜❡ ❢✉❧❧ ♦❢ ❡♥❡r❣② t♦ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st t♦
.
t❤❡ ♠✐♥❞
✹ Soma
✺ ❧✐t✳ ✏s✇❡❧❧❡❞✑
✻ ❂s❤❛♣❡ ❜❡❤❛✈✐♦r ♦❢
✽✺✹

mahé śulkā´ya várun.asya nú tvis.á

ójo mimāte dhruvámasya yátsvám |
ájāmimanyáh. śnatháyantamā´tirad
dabhrébhiranyáh. prá vr.n.oti bhū´yasah. || 6 ||

. ho ná duritā´ni mártyam

ná támám
ı́ndrāvarun.ā ná tápah. kútaścaná |
yásya devā gáchatho vı̄thó adhvarám .
. mártasya naśate párihvr.tih. || 7 ||
ná tám

arvā´ṅnarā dáıvyenā´vasā´ gatam

.
śr.n.utám
. hávam. yádi me jújos.athah. |
yuvórhı́ sakhyámutá vā yádā´pyam.
mārd.ı̄kámindrāvarun.ā nı́ yachatam || 8 ||

asmā´kamindrāvarun.ā bhárebhare
puroyodhā´ bhavatam . kr..s.tyojasā |
yádvām
. hávanta ubháye ádha spr.dhı́
nárastokásya tánayasya sātı́s.u || 9 ||

asmé ı́ndro várun.o mitró aryamā´

dyumnám . yachantu máhi śárma sapráthah. |
avadhrám. jyótiráditerr.tāvŕ.dho
. savitúrmanāmahe || 10 ||
devásya ślókam
 ✽✺✺

✻✳ ❋♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❣r❡❛t ❞✉t②✱ ❥✉st t♦ ❛❣✐t❛t❡ Varun.a✱

t❤❡② t✇♦✼ ❝♦♥st❛♥t❧② ♠♦❞❡r❛t❡
❬t❤❛t❪ ❢r❡♥③② ♦❢ t❤✐s ♦♥❡ t❤❛t ✐s ❤✐s ♦✇♥✳
❖♥❡✽ ❜r✐♥❣s ❬❤✐♠❪ ♦✈❡r ❝❛✉s✐♥❣ ❛ s♣❧✐t ❬❛♠♦♥❣ ❦✐♥❪ ♥♦t✲❦✐♥✱
t❤❡ ♦t❤❡r ♦♥❡✾ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ❢❡✇ ♦♥❡s
❝❤♦♦s❡s t❤♦s❡ ❜❡❝♦♠✐♥❣ ❬❦✐♥❪✳
✼✳ ◆❡✐t❤❡r ❛♥①✐❡t②✱ ♥♦r ❞✐✣❝✉❧t✐❡s✱ ❖ Indra✕Varun.a✱
♥♦t ❡✈❡♥ ❤❡❛t ❢r♦♠ ❛♥②♦♥❡ ❬✜♥❞s❪ ❤✐♠ ✖ ❛ ♠♦rt❛❧
✇❤♦s❡ ♣r♦❝❡❡❞✐♥❣ ♦♥ ✐ts ✇❛② ❬s❛❝r✐✜❝❡❪ ②♦✉✱ ❖ t✇♦ deva✲s✱
❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤ ❬❛♥❞❪ ❛❝❝❡♣t❀
♥❡✐t❤❡r ❞❡❝❡♣t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❛ ❞❡❛❞ ♦♥❡ ✜♥❞s ❤✐♠✳
✽✳ ❈♦♠❡ ❤✐t❤❡r✱ ❖ t✇♦ ♠❡♥✱ ✇✐t❤ ❬②♦✉r❪ ❞✐✈✐♥❡ ❤❡❧♣✦
▲✐st❡♥ t♦ ❛ ❝❛❧❧ ✐❢ ②♦✉ ✇♦✉❧❞ ❡♥❥♦② ♠✐♥❡✦
❙✐♥❝❡ ❬t❤❡r❡ ✐s❪ ❧✐❦❡✲♠✐♥❞❡❞♥❡ss ✇✐t❤ ②♦✉✱
♦r ❡❧s❡ ❛♥ ❛❧❧✐❛♥❝❡✱
❢❛st❡♥ ❬t♦ ✉s❪ t❤❡ ❝♦♠♣❛ss✐♦♥✱ ❖ Indra✕Varun.a✦
✾✳ ■♥ ♦✉r ❡✈❡r② ❜❛tt❧❡✱ ❖ Indra✕Varun.a✱
❜❡❝♦♠❡ ✇❛rr✐♦rs ✇❤♦ ❛r❡ ✐♥ ❢r♦♥t✱ ❖ ②♦✉ t✇♦✱
✇❤♦ ❛r❡ t❤❡ ✈✐❣♦✉r ♦❢ t❤❡ tr✐❜❡✦
❲❤❡♥ ✐♥ ❣❛✐♥✐♥❣ ♣r♦♣❛❣❛t✐♥❣✲❢❛♠✐❧② ❝❤✐❧❞r❡♥ ♠❡♥ ♦♥ ❜♦t❤ s✐❞❡s
s✉♠♠♦♥ ②♦✉ t✇♦✱ t❤❡♥ ❞♦ t❤♦✉ ❬✱ ❖ Indra✱❪ ❡①tr✐❝❛t❡ ❬✉s❪✦
✶✵✳ ▲❡t Indra✱ Varun.a✱ Mitra✱ Aryaman ❡①t❡♥❞ ❢♦r ✉s
t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t❡ ✖ t❤❡ ❣r❡❛t ❡①t❡♥s✐✈❡ s❤❡❧t❡r✦
❲❡ r❡❣❛r❞ t❤❡ ✈♦✐❝❡ ♦❢ deva Savitr. ❛s
♥♦t✲❤❛✈✐♥❣✲♣♦t❡♥t✐❛❧✲t♦✲❤❛r♠ ❧✐❣❤t ♦❢ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥✐♥❣ .rta Aditi ✶✵ ✳

✼ Indra ❛♥❞ Mitra

✽ Indra
✾ Mitra
✶✵t❤❡ ●r❡❛t ❯♥r❡str❛✐♥t
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✼✳✽✸

Vasis..tha Maitravarun.i | Jagatı̄ | t♦ Indra ❛♥❞ Varun.a

yuvā´m . narā páśyamānāsa ā´pyam .

prācā´ gavyántah. pr.thupárśavo yayuh. |
dā´sā ca vr.trā´ hatámā´ryān.i ca
sudā´samindrāvarun.ā´vasāvatam || 1 ||

yátrā nárah. samáyante kr.tádhvajo

yásminnājā´ bhávati kı́m
. caná priyám |
yátrā bháyante bhúvanā svardŕ.śas
tátrā na indrāvarun.ā´dhi vocatam || 2 ||

sám. bhū´myā ántā dhvasirā´ adr.ks.aténdrāvarun.ā

divı́ ghós.a ā´ruhat |
ásthurjánānāmúpa mā´márātayo ′rvā´gávasā
havanaśrutā´ gatam || 3 ||

ı́ndrāvarun.ā vadhánābhirapratı́
bhedám . vanvántā prá sudā´samāvatam |
bráhmān.yes.ām . śr.n.utam
. hávı̄mani
satyā´ tŕ.tsūnāmabhavatpuróhitih. || 4 ||

ı́ndrāvarun.āvabhyā´ tapanti māghā´nyaryó

vanús.āmárātayah. |
. hı́ vásva ubháyasya rā´jathó dha smā
′
yuvám
. pā´rye divı́ || 5 ||
′
no vatam

yuvā´m
. havanta ubháyāsa ājı́s.vı́ndram . ca
vásvo várun.am . ca sātáye |
yátra rā´jabhirdaśábhirnı́bādhitam.
prá sudā´samā´vatam . tŕ.tsubhih. sahá || 6 ||

dáśa rā´jānah. sámitā áyajyavah.

sudā´samindrāvarun.ā ná yuyudhuh. |
satyā´ nr.n.ā´madmasádāmúpastutir
devā´ es.āmabhavandeváhūtis.u || 7 ||
 ✽✺✼

✶✳ ❚❤❡②✱ ❜r♦❛❞✲❝❤❡st❡❞✶ ✱ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ ❝♦✇s✱ ❝♦♥s✐❞❡r✐♥❣ ❛♥ ❛❧❧✐❛♥❝❡✱

♠♦✈❡ ❢♦r✇❛r❞s ❬❛❧♦♥❣ t❤❡ ♣❛t❤ ♦❢❪ ②♦✉ t✇♦✱ ❖ t✇♦ ♠❡♥✦
❉❡str♦② ♦❜st❛❝❧❡s ♦❢ s❛✈❛❣❡s ❛♥❞ t❤♦s❡
♦❢ ❝♦♥❞✉❝t✐♥❣ ✉♣✇❛r❞s ♦♥❡✱
❢❛✈♦✉r Sudās ✇✐t❤ ❬②♦✉r❪ ❤❡❧♣✱ ❖ Indra✕Varun.a✦
✷✳ ❲❤❡r❡✈❡r ❛rr❛♥❣❡❞✲❜②✲❜❛♥♥❡rs ♠❡♥ ❝❛♠❡ t♦❣❡t❤❡r✱
✐♥ ✇❤❛t❡✈❡r ✜❣❤t✐♥❣ ♠❛t❝❤ t❤❡r❡ ✐s ❧✐tt❧❡ t♦ ❧✐❦❡✱
✇❤❡r❡✈❡r ❝r❡❛t✉r❡s ❛r❡ ❛❢r❛✐❞ ♦❢ ❜❡❤♦❧❞✐♥❣✲svàr ♦♥❡✱
✐♥ s✉❝❤ ❛ ❝❛s❡ ❞♦ s♣❡❛❦ ✐♥ ♦✉r ❢❛✈♦✉r✱ ❖ Indra✕Varun.a✦
✸✳ ❇♦r❞❡rs ♦❢ t❤❡ ❧❛♥❞ ❛♣♣❡❛r ✉♥st❛❜❧❡✱
❛ ❜❛tt❧❡❝r② ❤❛s ♠♦✉♥t❡❞ t❤❡ s❦②✱ ❖ Indra✕Varun.a✦
■ ❛♠ ❢❛❝❡❞ ✇✐t❤ ❧❛❝❦ ♦❢ ♣❡♦♣❧❡✬s ❣✐✈✐♥❣✳
❍❡❛r✐♥❣ t❤❡ s✉♠♠♦♥s✱ ❝♦♠❡ ❤✐t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ❤❡❧♣✦
✹✳ ❖ Indra✕Varun.a✱ ♣❧❛❝✐♥❣ ✇✐t❤✐♥ ❬♠②❪ r❡❛❝❤
✇✐t❤♦✉t ❛♥② ✐♠♣❡❞✐♠❡♥ts
❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❬②♦✉r❪ ❞❡❛❞❧② ✇❡❛♣♦♥s ❛ ❜r❡❛❝❤ ❬✐♥ s✉❝❤ st✐♥❣✐♥❡ss❪✱
②♦✉ t✇♦ ❞✐❞ ♣r♦♠♦t❡ Sudās✦
❆t ❬t❤✐s❪ ♣❡rs✐st❡♥t ❝❛❧❧✐♥❣✱
❞♦ ❧✐st❡♥ t♦ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥s ♦❢ t❤❡s❡ ♦♥❡s✦
❙❡♥❞✐♥❣ Tr.tsu✲s t♦ t❤❡ ❢♦r❡ ❬♦❢ ✜❣❤t✐♥❣❪
t✉r♥❡❞ ♦✉t t♦ ❜❡ s✉❝❝❡ss❢✉❧✳
✺✳ ❖ Indra✕Varun.a✱ ❡✈✐❧s ♦❢ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ t❡♥❞s ✉♣✇❛r❞s✱
❧❛❝❦ ♦❢ ❣✐✈✐♥❣ ♦❢ t❤♦s❡ ❡❛❣❡r t♦ ❛tt❛❝❦✱ ♠❛❦❡ ♠❡ ❢❡❡❧ t❤❡ ❤❡❛t✳
❙✐♥❝❡ ②♦✉ t✇♦ ❣♦✈❡r♥ ✇❤❛t✬s ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧ ♦❢ ❜♦t❤ ❦✐♥❞s✱
t❤❡♥ ❛s ❡✈❡r ❢❛✈♦✉r ✉s ♦♥ ❛ ❞❡❝✐s✐✈❡ ❞❛②✦
✻✳ ❉✉r✐♥❣ ✜❣❤t✐♥❣ r❛❧❧✐❡s ❬♠❡♥❪ ♦♥ ❜♦t❤ s✐❞❡s s✉♠♠♦♥ ②♦✉ t✇♦✱
Indra ❛♥❞ Varun.a✱ ❢♦r ❣❛✐♥✐♥❣ ✇❤❛t✬s ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧✱
❜❡❝❛✉s❡ ②♦✉ t✇♦ ❢❛✈♦✉r❡❞ Sudās t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ Tr.tsu✲s
❬✇❤❡♥ ❤❡ ✇❛s❪ ❤❡♠♠❡❞ ✐♥ ❜② t❡♥ ❝❤✐❡❢t❛✐♥s✳
✼✳ ❚❡♥ ✉♥✐t❡❞ ❝❤✐❡❢t❛✐♥s ✇❤♦ ✇❡r❡ ♥♦t s❡❡❦✐♥❣ t♦ ♠❛❦❡ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣s✱
❤❛✈❡ ♥♦t ♦✈❡r❝♦♠❡ ✐♥ ❜❛tt❧❡ Sudās✱ ❖ Indra✕Varun.a✱
❚❤❡ ✐♥✈✐t❛t♦r② ♣r❛✐s❡ ♦❢ s❡❛t❡❞ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ❛t ❛ ♠❡❛❧ ♠❡♥
❬✇❛s❪ s✉❝❝❡ss❢✉❧✳
Deva✲s ❞✐❞ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ♣r❡s❡♥t ❛t t❤❡✐r ✐♥✈♦❝❛t✐♦♥s✳

✶ ❛❢t❡r ❬❏❛♠✐s♦♥ ❛♥❞ ❇r❡r❡t♦♥✱ ✷✵✶✹✱ ♣✳✽✾✻❪

✽✺✽

dāśarājñé páriyattāya viśvátah.

sudā´sa indrāvarun.āvaśiks.atam |
śvityáñco yátra námasā kapardı́no
dhiyā´ dh´ı̄vanto ásapanta tŕ.tsavah. || 8 ||

vr.trā´n.yanyáh. samithés.u jı́ghnate

vratā´nyanyó abhı́ raks.ate sádā |
hávāmahe vām . vr..san.ā suvr.ktı́bhir
asmé indrāvarun.ā śárma yachatam || 9 ||

asmé ı́ndro várun.o mitró aryamā´

dyumnám . yachantu máhi śárma sapráthah. |
avadhrám. jyótiráditerr.tāvŕ.dho
. savitúrmanāmahe || 10 ||
devásya ślókam
 ✽✺✾

✽✳ ❉✉r✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❜❛tt❧❡ ♦❢ t❡♥ ❝❤✐❡❢t❛✐♥s✱ ②♦✉ ❞✐❞ ✇✐s❤ t♦ ❤❡❧♣✱

❖ Indra✕Varun.a✱ t♦ s✉rr♦✉♥❞❡❞ ♦♥ ❛❧❧ s✐❞❡s Sudās✱
s✐♥❝❡ ♣♦ss❡ss✐♥❣ ♦❢ ❛ ✈✐s✐♦♥ Tr.tsu✲s✱
t❤❡✐r ❜r❛✐❞❡❞ ❤❛✐r t✉r♥✐♥❣ ✇❤✐t❡ ♦♥❡✱
r❡✈❡r❡♥t❧② s♦✉❣❤t ❛❢t❡r ❬②♦✉ t✇♦❪ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❛ ✈✐s✐♦♥✳
✾✳ ❖♥❡ s♠❛s❤❡s ♦❜st❛❝❧❡s✷ ❞✉r✐♥❣ ❤♦st✐❧❡ ❡♥❝♦✉♥t❡rs
t❤❡ ♦t❤❡r ♦♥❡ ❛❧✇❛②s ❣✉❛r❞s ♦❜s❡r✈❛♥❝❡s
❬♦❢ ❞✉t✐❡s t♦✇❛r❞s ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s❪✳
❲❡ s✉♠♠♦♥ ②♦✉ t✇♦✱ ❖ ❜✉❧❧s✱ ✇✐t❤ ✇❡❧❧✲t✇✐st❡❞ ❬s❛❝r✐✜❝❡s✸ ❪✱
str❡t❝❤ ♦✉t ❛ s❤❡❧t❡r ❢♦r ✉s✱ ❖ Indra✕Varun.a✦
✶✵✳ ▲❡t Indra✱ Varun.a✱ Mitra✱ Aryaman ❡①t❡♥❞ ❢♦r ✉s
t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t❡ ✖ t❤❡ ❣r❡❛t ❡①t❡♥s✐✈❡ s❤❡❧t❡r✦
❲❡ r❡❣❛r❞ t❤❡ ✈♦✐❝❡ ♦❢ deva Savitr. ❛s
♥♦t✲❤❛✈✐♥❣✲♣♦t❡♥t✐❛❧✲t♦✲❤❛r♠ ❧✐❣❤t ♦❢ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥✐♥❣ .rta Aditi✹ ✳

❚❤❡ ❛♣♣❡❛❧ ♦❢ t❤✐s ❤②♠♥ t♦ ❜♦t❤ Indra ❛♥❞ Varun.a ✐s ❞♦♥❡ t♦ ❜❛❧✲
❛♥❝❡ ✉❧t✐♠❛t❡ ✐♥❞✐✈✐❞✉❛❧✐t② ♦❢ ❛ ✇❛rr✐♦r ♣♦ss❡ss❡❞ ❜② Indra ✇✐t❤
❜❡♥❡✜ts ♦❢ ❝♦♦♣❡r❛t✐♦♥ ❛♥❞ ♠✉t✉❛❧ ♦❜❧✐❣❛t✐♦♥s ❜❡t✇❡❡♥ ❦✐♥✱ ❝♦♠✲
♣❛♥✐♦♥s✱ ❛♥❞ ❛❧❧✐❡s ❞✉r✐♥❣ ❜❛tt❧❡ ❛♥❞ ❛❢t❡r ✐t✳

✷ vrtra✲s
.
✸ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✸✳✻✷✳✶✷❜
✹ t❤❡ ●r❡❛t ❯♥r❡str❛✐♥t
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✼✳✽✹

Vasis..tha Maitravarun.i | Jagatı̄ | t♦ Indra ❛♥❞ Varun.a

ā´ vām
. rājānāvadhvaré vavr.tyām .
havyébhirindrāvarun.ā námobhih. |
prá vām. ghr.tā´cı̄ bāhvórdádhānā
pári tmánā vı́s.urūpā jigāti || 1 ||

yuvó rās..trám
. br.hádinvati dyaur
´
´ setŕ.bhirarajjúbhih. sinı̄tháh. |
yau
pári no hé..do várun.asya vr.jyā
urúm. na ı́ndrah. kr.n.avadu lokám || 2 ||

kr.tám
. no yajñám . vidáthes.u cā´rum .
. bráhmān.i sūrı́s.u praśastā´ |
kr.tám
úpo rayı́rdevájūto na etu
prá n.a spārhā´bhirūtı́bhistiretam || 3 ||

asmé indrāvarun.ā viśvávāram .

rayı́m
. dhattam . vásumantam . puruks.úm |
prá yá ādityó ánr.tā minā´ty
ámitā śū´ro dayate vásūni || 4 ||

iyámı́ndram . várun.amas..ta me g´ı̄h.

prā´vattoké tánaye tū´tujānā |
surátnāso devávı̄tim . gamema
yūyám. pāta svastı́bhih. sádā nah. || 5 ||
 ✽✻✶

✶✳ ❙♦ t❤❛t ■ ♠✐❣❤t t✉r♥ ②♦✉ t✇♦ ❤❡r❡✱ ❖ t✇♦ ❝❤✐❡❢t❛✐♥s✱

❞✉r✐♥❣ ❬t❤✐s❪ ♣r♦❝❡❡❞✐♥❣ ♦♥ ✐ts ✇❛② ❬s❛❝r✐✜❝❡❪
✇✐t❤ ♦❜❧❛t✐♦♥s✱ ✇✐t❤ r❡✈❡r❡♥t✐❛❧ s❛❧✉t❛t✐♦♥s✱ ❖ Indra✕Varun.a✱
t❤❛t✶ ✱ ✇❤✐❝❤✱ ❛❜♦✉♥❞✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❣❤❡❡✱
✐s ♦✛❡r❡❞ t♦ ②♦✉ ✐♥ ❜♦t❤ ❛r♠s✱
✐t✱ r❡❛❧❧② ❣♦❡s r♦✉♥❞ ✐♥ ❜♦t❤ ❞✐r❡❝t✐♦♥s✳
✷✳ ❚❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ✐♥✈✐❣♦r❛t❡s t❤❡ ✈❛st r❡❛❧♠ ♦❢ ②♦✉ t✇♦
✇❤♦ ❢❡tt❡r ✇✐t❤ ❤❛✈✐♥❣✲♥♦✲r♦♣❡s ❜♦♥❞s✳
▼❛② Varun.a✬s ❛♥❣❡r ♣❛ss ♦✈❡r ✉s✱
s♦ t❤❛t Indra ✇♦✉❧❞ ❝r❡❛t❡ ❢♦r ✉s ❛ ✇✐❞❡ s♣❛❝❡✳
✸✳ ❨♦✉ t✇♦ ❞♦ ♠❛❦❡ ♦✉r s❛❝r✐✜❝❡ ❢❛✈♦r✐t❡ ❛t t❡❛❝❤✐♥❣ s❡ss✐♦♥s✱
②♦✉ t✇♦ ❞♦ ♠❛❦❡ ❬♦✉r❪ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥s
❝♦♠♠❡♥❞❡❞ ❛♠♦♥❣ ✐♥st✐t✉t♦rs ♦❢ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡s✦
▼❛② ✐♠♣❡❧❧❡❞ ❜② t❤❡ deva✷ tr❡❛s✉r❡ r❡❛❝❤ ✉s✱
s♦ t❤❛t ②♦✉ t✇♦ ✇♦✉❧❞ ❢✉rt❤❡r ✉s
✇✐t❤ ❡♥✈✐❛❜❧❡ ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❤❡❧♣✐♥❣✦
✹✳ ❖ Indra✕Varun.a✱ ♠❛② ②♦✉ t✇♦ ♣✉t tr❡❛s✉r❡❞✲❜②✲❛❧❧
r✐❝❤✲✐♥✲❜❡♥❡✜ts ❬❛♥❞❪ ❣r❛♥t✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡♠❪ ❧✐❜❡r❛❧❧② tr❡❛s✉r❡ ✐♥t♦ ✉s✦
❍❡✸ ✱ ✇❤♦ ❬✐s❪ ❬❛♥❪ Āditya✱ ❢r✉str❛t❡s ✉♥✜tt✐♥❣ t❤✐♥❣s✱
t❤❡ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✹ ❜❡st♦✇s ✉♥♠❡❛s✉r❡❞ ❜❡♥❡✜ts✳
✺✳ ❚❤✐s ♠② ❝❤❛♥t ❤❛s r❡❛❝❤❡❞ Indra✱ Varun.a❀
✉r❣✐♥❣ ❛❣❛✐♥ ❛♥❞ ❛❣❛✐♥
✐♥ ♠❛tt❡rs ♦❢ ♣r♦♣❛❣❛t✐♥❣ ❢❛♠✐❧② ❝❤✐❧❞r❡♥ ✐t ❞✐❞ ❤❡❧♣ ❬♠❡❪✳
❙♦ t❤❛t ✇❡✱ ♣♦ss❡ss✐♥❣ ♦❢ t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡✱
✇♦✉❧❞ s❡t ♦✉t t♦ ❛r♦✉s❡ deva✲s✱
♠❛② ②❡✺ ❛❧✇❛②s ♣r♦t❡❝t ✉s ✇✐t❤ ❬②♦✉r❪ ❜❧❡ss✐♥❣s✦

✶❜❡♥❡✈♦❧❡♥❝❡ ❂ sumati ✖ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✸✳✸✵✳✼

✷ Indra
✸ Varuna
.
✹ Indra
✲s
✺ deva
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✼✳✽✺

Vasis..tha Maitravarun.i | Jagatı̄ | t♦ Indra ❛♥❞ Varun.a

punı̄s.é vāmaraks.ásam. manı̄s.ā´m

.
sómamı́ndrāya várun.āya júhvat |
. ná dev´ı̄m
ghr.tápratı̄kāmus.ásam .
tā´ no yā´mannurus.yatāmabh´ı̄ke || 1 ||

spárdhante vā´ u devahū´ye átra

yés.u dhvajés.u didyávah. pátanti |
yuvám . tā´m̃
. indrāvarun.āvamı́trān
hatám. . śárvā vı́s.ūcah. || 2 ||
párācah

ā´paściddhı́ sváyaśasah. sádassu

dev´ı̄rı́ndram . várun.am. devátā dhúh. |
kr..s.t´ı̄ranyó dhāráyati práviktā
vr.trā´n.yanyó aprat´ı̄ni hanti || 3 ||

sá sukráturr.tacı́dastu hótā

. námasvān |
yá āditya śávasā vām
āvavártadávase vām . havı́s.mān
ásadı́tsá suvitā´ya práyasvān || 4 ||

iyámı́ndram . várun.amas..ta me g´ı̄h.

prā´vattoké tánaye tū´tujānā |
surátnāso devávı̄tim . gamema
yūyám. pāta svastı́bhih. sádā nah. || 5 ||
 ✽✻✸

✶✳ ■✱ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣ Soma ❛s ❛♥ ♦❜❧❛t✐♦♥ t♦ Indra✱ t♦ Varun.a✱

❞✐st✐❧❧ ❢♦r ②♦✉ t✇♦ ❛♥ ✉♥❣✉❛r❞❡❞ r❡✢❡❝t✐♦♥
❞✐r❡❝t❡❞ t♦✇❛r❞s ❣❤❡❡✶ ❧✐❦❡ devı̄ ❉❛✇♥✳
▼❛② t❤♦s❡ t✇♦ ❞✉r✐♥❣ ❬t❤✐s❪ ❡①♣❡❞✐t✐♦♥
❣✐✈❡ ✉s ✇✐❞❡ s♣❛❝❡ ✐♥ ❛♥ ❡♥❝♦✉♥t❡r ❬✇✐t❤ ❛♥ ❡♥❡♠②❪✦
✷✳ ❚❤❡② ✈❡r✐❧② ❝♦♠♣❡t❡ ✐♥ ✐♥✈♦❦✐♥❣ deva✲s t❤❡r❡ ✖
✐♥t♦ ✇❤✐❝❤ ❜❛♥♥❡rs ❛rr♦✇s ✢②✳✳✳
❉♦ ②♦✉ t✇♦✱ ❖ Indra✕Varun.a✱ ❤✐t ✇✐t❤ ❛♥ ❛rr♦✇
t❤♦s❡ ❤♦st✐❧❡s ❬s♦ t❤❛t t❤❡② ❜❡❝♦♠❡❪
❤❡❛❞✐♥❣ ❢❛r❛✇❛② ✐♥ ❛❧❧ ❞✐r❡❝t✐♦♥s✦
✸✳ ❙✐♥❝❡ ✐♥❞❡❡❞ devı̄✲s✱ t❤❡ ✇❛t❡rs ✇♦rt❤②✲❜②✲t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s✱
s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ ♣❧❛❝❡❞ Indra ❬❛♥❞❪ Varun.a
✐♥t♦ s❡❛ts ❛♠♦♥❣ deva✲s✱
♦♥❡ ♦❢ t❤❡♠ ❦❡❡♣s t❤❡ tr✐❜❡s q✉✐t❡ s❡♣❛r❛t❡❞ ❬❢r♦♠ ❡❛❝❤ ♦t❤❡r❪✱
❛♥♦t❤❡r ♦♥❡ r❡♠♦✈❡s ✉♥♦♣♣♦s❡❞ ❬✐♥♥❡r❪ ♦❜st❛❝❧❡s✷ ✳
✹✳ ▲❡t ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❣♦♦❞ ❞❡s✐❣♥s✱ ♥♦t✐❝✐♥❣ ❝♦❤❡r❡♥❝❡s ♦♥❡✸ ❜❡ t❤❡ ✐♥✈♦❦❡r
✇❤♦ ❜② t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡
✐s ❢✉❧❧ ♦❢ ✈❡♥❡r❛t✐♦♥ ❢♦r ②♦✉ t✇♦✱ ❖ t✇♦ Āditya✲s✦
❍❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❞r❛✇ ②♦✉ t✇♦ ♥❡❛r ✐♥ ♦r❞❡r t♦ ❤❡❧♣✱
❤❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡ ❥✉st ♦✛❡r✐♥❣ ❧✐❜❛t✐♦♥s ❢♦r ❬♦✉r❪ ❡❛s② ♣❛ss❛❣❡✳
✺✳ ❚❤✐s ♠② ❝❤❛♥t ❤❛s r❡❛❝❤❡❞ Indra✱ Varun.a❀
✉r❣✐♥❣ ❛❣❛✐♥ ❛♥❞ ❛❣❛✐♥
✐♥ ♠❛tt❡rs ♦❢ ♣r♦♣❛❣❛t✐♥❣ ❢❛♠✐❧② ❝❤✐❧❞r❡♥ ✐t ❞✐❞ ❤❡❧♣ ❬♠❡❪✳
❙♦ t❤❛t ✇❡✱ ♣♦ss❡ss✐♥❣ ♦❢ t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡✱
✇♦✉❧❞ s❡t ♦✉t t♦ ❛r♦✉s❡ deva✲s✱
♠❛② ②❡✹ ❛❧✇❛②s ♣r♦t❡❝t ✉s ✇✐t❤ ❬②♦✉r❪ ❜❧❡ss✐♥❣s✦

✶ t❤❛t ✐s✱ t♦✇❛r❞s ❛ ❜✉rst ♦❢ ❡♥❡r❣②✱ ❛ ❤♦t ✢❛s❤ t❤r♦✉❣❤♦✉t t❤❡ ❜♦❞②
✷ vrtra✲s
.
✸ ♣r♦❜✳ Agni
✹ deva✲s
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✼✳✾✸

Vasis..tha Maitravarun.i | Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra ❛♥❞ Agni

śúcim . nú stómam. návajātamadyéndrāgnı̄

vr.trahan.ā jus.éthām |
ubhā´ hı́ vām. suhávā jóhavı̄mi
tā´ vā´jam
. sadyá uśaté dhés..thā || 1 ||

tā´ sānas´ı̄ śavasānā hı́ bhūtám .

sākam . vŕ.dhā śávasā śūśuvā´m
. sā |
ks.áyantau rāyó yávasasya bhū´reh.
pr.ṅktám . vā´jasya sthávirasya ghŕ..sveh. || 2 ||

úpo ha yádvidátham . vājı́no gúr

dhı̄bhı́rvı́prāh. prámatimichámānāh. |
árvanto ná kā´.s.thām
. náks.amān.ā
indrāgn´ı̄ jóhuvato nárasté || 3 ||

gı̄rbhı́rvı́prah. prámatimichámāna
´ı̄.t.te rayı́m . pūrvabhā´jam |
. yaśásam
ı́ndrāgnı̄ vr.trahan.ā suvajrā
prá no návyebhistiratam . des.n.áıh. || 4 ||

. yánmah´ı̄ mithat´ı̄ spárdhamāne

sám
tanūrúcā śū´rasātā yátaite |
ádevayum . vidáthe devayúbhih.
satrā´ hatam . somasútā jánena || 5 ||

imā´mu .sú sómasutimúpa na

éndrāgnı̄ saumanasā´ya yātam |
nū´ ciddhı́ parimamnā´the asmā´n
ā´ vām
. śáśvadbhirvavr.tı̄ya vā´jaih. || 6 ||
 ✽✻✺

✶✳ ❉♦ ②♦✉ t✇♦✱ ❖ s❧❛②✐♥❣ Vr.tra Indra✕Agni✱ ❡♥❥♦② t♦❞❛②

✐♥❞❡❡❞ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t✐♥❣ ♥❡✇❧②✲❝r❡❛t❡❞ ❤②♠♥ ♦❢ ♣r❛✐s❡✱
❢♦r ■ ❦❡❡♣ ❤♦♥♦r✐♥❣ ✇✐t❤ ❛ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡ ②♦✉ ❜♦t❤✱
✇❤♦ ❛r❡ ❡❛s② t♦ s✉♠♠♦♥✱
✇❤♦ ❛r❡ ❜❡st ❛t ❣✐✈✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❛♥ ✐♥st❛♥❝❡
❛ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r t♦ t❤❡ ♦♥❡ ✇❤♦ ❞❡s✐r❡s ❬✐t❪✦
✷✳ ❙✐♥❝❡ ②♦✉ t✇♦✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ s✇❡❧❧❡❞ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱
s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ str♦♥❣❡r t♦❣❡t❤❡r✱
s✉❝❤✱ ❧❛✐❞❡♥ ✇✐t❤ s♣♦✐❧s✱ ❖ ❝❤❛♥❣✐♥❣ ♣♦✇❡r❢✉❧❧② ♦♥❡s✱
❤❛✈✐♥❣ ♣♦✇❡r ♦✈❡r ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥t ✏♣❛st✉r❛❣❡✑ ♦❢ t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡✱
❞♦ ♠✐① t❤r✐❧❧✲✐♥❞✉❝✐♥❣ ❡♥❞✉r✐♥❣ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✦
✸✳ ❲❤❡♥ t❤❡②✱ ✇❤♦ ❛r❡ ❝❛♣❛❜❧❡ ♦❢ r✉s❤❡s ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱
❛rr✐✈❡ ❛t ❦♥♦✇❧❡❞❣❡✲s❤❛r✐♥❣ s❡ss✐♦♥
❬t❤❡②✱❪ ✐♥✇❛r❞❧② ❡①❝✐t❡❞✱ ❬❛r❡❪ ❡♥❞❡❛✈♦r✐♥❣ t♦ ♦❜t❛✐♥
❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥s t❤❡ ❢♦r❡s❡❡✐♥❣ ❝❛r❡ ❬♦❢ Indra❪✶ ✳
❬■♥✇❛r❞❧② ❡①❝✐t❡❞❪ ❧✐❦❡ ❝♦✉rs❡rs ❛rr✐✈✐♥❣ ❛t ❛ r❛❝✐♥❣ tr❛❝❦✱
t❤♦s❡ ♠❡♥ ❬❛r❡❪ ❝❛❧❧✐♥❣ ❛❣❛✐♥ ❛♥❞ ❛❣❛✐♥ ✉♣♦♥ Indra✕Agni✳
✹✳ ❆♥ ✐♥✇❛r❞❧② ❡①❝✐t❡❞ ♦♥❡✱ ❡♥❞❡❛✈♦r✐♥❣ t♦ ♦❜t❛✐♥
❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥ts ❛ ♣r✐♠✐♥❣ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❣❡st✉r❡✱
❛s❦s ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ r❡❝❡✐✈❡s t❤❡ ✜rst ♣♦rt✐♦♥ ❬♦❢ Soma❪
❢♦r t❤❡ ❡st❡❡♠❡❞ tr❡❛s✉r❡✳
❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣✲❣♦♦❞✲t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✱ s❧❛②✐♥❣ Vr.tra Indra✕Agni ✱
✇✐t❤ ❢r❡s❤ ❣✐❢ts ❞♦ ❝❛rr② ✉s ❢♦rt❤ ❬♦✈❡r ♦❜st❛❝❧❡s❪✦
✺✳ ❲❤❡♥ t✇♦ ♠✐❣❤t② ❝♦♥t❡♥❞✐♥❣ ✇✐t❤ ❡❛❝❤ ♦t❤❡r
❡♥❣❛❣✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❛❧t❡r❝❛t✐♦♥s ❬❛r♠✐❡s❪✱
❜♦❞✐❡s s❤✐♥✐♥❣ ❬✇✐t❤ s✇❡❛t❪✱
❬s❤❛❧❧❪ r✐✈❛❧ ❡❛❝❤ ♦t❤❡r ✐♥ ❣❛✐♥✐♥❣ ❛♥ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱
❞✉r✐♥❣ ❛ ❦♥♦✇❧❡❞❣❡✲s❤❛r✐♥❣ s❡ss✐♦♥✱ ✇✐t❤ deva✲s❡❡❦✐♥❣ ❬♠❡♥❪
②♦✉ t✇♦ ❞♦ ❛❧✇❛②s ❤✐♥❞❡r ♥♦♥✲s❡❡❦✐♥❣✲deva ❬♠❛♥❪
❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❛ Soma✲♣r❡ss✐♥❣ ♣❡rs♦♥✳
✻✳ ❚♦✇❛r❞s t❤✐s✱ ♣r❡ss✐♥❣ Soma ❬❛r♠②❪✱ t♦✇❛r❞s ✉s✱
❝♦♠❡ ❢♦rt❤✇✐t❤ t♦ ❝❤❡❡r ❬✉s❪✱ ❖ Indra✕Agni ✦
❨♦✉ t✇♦ ❤❛✈❡ ♥❡✈❡r ♦✈❡r❧♦♦❦❡❞ ✉s✱
■ ✇✐❧❧ ❞r❛✇ ②♦✉ t✇♦ ❜❛❝❦
t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ❬②♦✉r❪ ❢r❡q✉❡♥t r✉s❤❡s ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✦

✶ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✼✳✷✾✳✹❞

✽✻✻

só agna enā´ námasā sámiddhó ′chā

mitrám . várun.amı́ndram . voceh. |
yátsı̄mā´gaścakr.mā´ tátsú mr...da
tádaryamā´ditih. śiśrathantu || 7 ||

etā´ agna āśus.ān.ā´sa is..t´ı̄r

yuvóh. sácābhyàśyāma vā´jān |
méndro no vı́s.n.urmarútah. pári khyan
yūyám. pāta svastı́bhih. sádā nah. || 8 ||
 ✽✻✼

✼✳ ❙✉❝❤✱ ❖ Agni✱ ❦✐♥❞❧❡❞ ✐♥ t❤✐s ♠❛♥♥❡r ✖ r❡✈❡r❡♥t❧②✱

t❤♦✉ ♠✐❣❤t ✐♥✈✐t❡ Mitra✱ Varun.a✱ Indra✳
❲❤❛t❡✈❡r ♦✛❡♥s❡ ✇❡ ❤❛✈❡ ❝♦♠♠✐tt❡❞✱ t❤❛t ❞♦ q✉✐❝❦❧② ♣❛r❞♦♥✱
♠❛② ❬t❤❡② ❛♥❞❪ Aryaman✱ Aditi ✉♥t✐❡ t❤❛t ❬❢r♦♠ ✉s❪✦
✷
✽✳ ●r❡❛t❧② str✐✈✐♥❣ ❛❢t❡r t❤❡s❡ ✇✐s❤❡s✱ ❖ Agni✱
✇❡ ♠✐❣❤t ❛tt❛✐♥ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ②♦✉r r✉s❤❡s ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✦
▼❛② ♥♦t Indra✱ Vis.n.u✱ Marut✲s ♦✈❡r❧♦♦❦ ✉s✦
▼❛② ②❡ ❛❧✇❛②s ♣r♦t❡❝t
✸ ✉s ✇✐t❤ ❬②♦✉r❪ ❜❧❡ss✐♥❣s✦

✷ Mitra✱ Varuna✱ Indra

.
✸ deva✲s
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✼✳✾✹

Vasis..tha Maitravarun.i | ✶✕✶✶ Gāyatrı̄✱ ✶✷ Anus..tubh | t♦ Indra ❛♥❞

Agni

. vāmasyá mánmana ı́ndrāgnı̄ pūrvyástutih. |

iyám
abhrā´dvr..s.tı́rivājani || 1 ||

śr.n.utám . gı́rah. |
. jaritúrhávamı́ndrāgnı̄ vánatam
ı̄śānā´ pipyatam . dhı́yah
. || 2 ||

mā´ pāpatvā´ya no naréndrāgnı̄ mā´bhı́śastaye |

mā´ no rı̄radhatam . nidé || 3 ||

ı́ndre agnā´ námo br.hátsuvr.ktı́mérayāmahe |

dhiyā´ dhénā avasyávah. || 4 ||

tā´ hı́ śáśvanta ´ı̄..data itthā´ vı́prāsa ūtáye |

sabā´dho vā´jasātaye || 5 ||

tā´ vām
. gı̄rbhı́rvipanyávah. práyasvanto havāmahe |
medhásātā sanis.yávah. || 6 ||

ı́ndrāgnı̄ ávasā´ gatamasmábhyam . cars.an.ı̄sahā |

mā´ no duh.śám. sa ı̄śata || 7 ||

mā´ kásya no árarus.o dhūrtı́h. prán.aṅmártyasya |

ı́ndrāgnı̄ śárma yachatam || 8 ||

gómaddhı́ran.yavadvásu yádvāmáśvāvad´ı̄mahe |
ı́ndrāgnı̄ tádvanemahi || 9 ||
 ✽✻✾

✶✳ ❚❤✐s ♣r✐♥❝✐♣❛❧ ♣r❛✐s❡ ❢♦r ②♦✉ t✇♦✱ ❖ Indra✕Agni✱

✇❛s ♣r♦❞✉❝❡❞ ❢r♦♠ ❛ ♠❛♥✐❝ t❤♦✉❣❤t ♦❢ t❤✐s ♦♥❡
❧✐❦❡ r❛✐♥ ❬✐s ♣r♦❞✉❝❡❞❪ ❢r♦♠ ❛ ❝❧♦✉❞✳
✷✳ ❉♦ ❧✐st❡♥ t♦ ❬t❤✐s❪ ✐♥✈♦❦❡r✬s ❝❛❧❧✱
❖ Indra✕Agni✱ ♣❧❛❝❡ ✇✐t❤✐♥ ❬②♦✉r❪ r❡❛❝❤ t❤❡ s♦♥❣s✦
▼❛② ②♦✉✱ ❝❛♣❛❜❧❡ ❬♦❢ ✐t❪✱ ♠❛❦❡ ❬♦✉r❪ ✈✐s✐♦♥s ✢❡s❤❡❞ ♦✉t✶ ✳
✸✳ ❉♦ ♥♦t ♠❛❦❡ ✉s✱ ❖ t✇♦ ♠❡♥✱ s✉❜❥❡❝t ♥❡✐t❤❡r t♦ ♣♦✈❡rt②✱
♥♦r t♦ ❛ ❝✉rs❡✱ ❖ Indra✕Agni✱
♥♦r t♦ ❛♥ ✐♠♣♦s❡❞ ❝♦♥str❛✐♥t✳
✖✖
✹✳ ■♥ ❬t❤❡ st❛t❡ ♦❢❪ Indra✱ ✐♥ ❬t❤❡ ♣r❡s❡♥❝❡ ♦❢❪ Agni✱
✇❡✱ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ ❤❡❧♣✱ ♠❛❦❡ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❛ ✈✐s✐♦♥
❬♦✉r❪ ❣r❡❛t r❡✈❡r❡♥❝❡ ❬❛♥❞❪ ✇❡❧❧✲t✇✐st❡❞ ❬❝♦♥❝❡♣t✐♦♥✷ ❪
❛❣✐t❛t❡ ❬✐♥ ✉s❪ ♥♦✉r✐s❤✐♥❣ str❡❛♠s✳
✺✳ ❙✐♥❝❡ ♥✉♠❡r♦✉s ✐♥✇❛r❞❧② ❡①❝✐t❡❞ ♦♥❡s
✐♠♣❧♦r❡ t❤♦s❡ t✇♦ t♦ ❤❡❧♣ ✐♥ t❤✐s ✇❛② ✖
❡❛❣❡r❧②✱ ✐♥ ♦r❞❡r t♦ ♦❜t❛✐♥ t❤❡ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱
✻✳ ✇❡✱ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♥❣ ❛❞♠✐r❛t✐♦♥ ✇✐t❤ ❝❤❛♥ts✱
♦✛❡r✐♥❣ ❧✐❜❛t✐♦♥s✱ ❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥ ✉♣♦♥ ②♦✉ t✇♦✱
❬✇❡✱❪ ❡❛❣❡r ❢♦r ❜♦♦t② ✇❤✐❧❡ ♣r♦❝✉r✐♥❣ ♥♦✉r✐s❤✐♥❣ ❞r✐♥❦✳
✖✖
✼✳ ❖ Indra✕Agni✱ ❝♦♠❡ ❤❡r❡ ✇✐t❤ t❤❛t ❤❡❧♣
t❤❛t ❢♦r ✉s ♣r❡✈❛✐❧s ♦✈❡r t❤♦s❡ t❤❛t ❞r❛✇ t♦ t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s✸ ✦
▼❛② ♥♦t ❤❡ ✇❤♦ ❝✉rs❡s r❡✐❣♥ ♦✈❡r ✉s✦
✽✳ ▼❛② ♥♦t ❛♥②♦♥❡✬s r✉s❡ ✖ ♦❢ ❤♦❧❞✐♥❣ ❜❛❝❦ ♦♥❡✹
❬♦r❪ ♦❢ ❛ ♠♦rt❛❧ ✖ ❛✛❡❝t ✉s✦
❖ Indra✕Agni✱ str❡t❝❤ ♦✉t ❛ s❤❡❧t❡r ❬❢♦r ✉s❪✦
✾✳ ❲❤✐❝❤ tr❡❛s✉r❡ r✐❝❤ ✐♥ ❝♦✇s✱ ✐♥ ❣♦❧❞✱ ✐♥ ❤♦rs❡s✱
✇❡ ❛s❦ ②♦✉ t✇♦✱ ❖ Indra✕Agni ❢♦r✱
♠❛② ✇❡ ♣❧❛❝❡ t❤❛t ✇✐t❤✐♥ ❬♦✉r❪ r❡❛❝❤✦
✖✖

✶ ❧✐t✳ ✏s✇❡❧❧❡❞✑
✷ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ✼✳✷✹✳✷❝❞
✸ s❡♥s❡s
✹ Vrtra
.
✽✼✵

yátsóma ā´ suté nára indrāgn´ı̄ ájohavuh. |

sáptı̄vantā saparyávah. || 10 ||

ukthébhirvr.trahántamā yā´ mandānā´ cidā´ girā´ |

āṅgūs.áırāvı́vāsatah. || 11 ||

tā´vı́dduh.śám
. sam
. mártyam
. dúrvidvām . raks.asvı́nam |
. sam
ābhogám . hánmanā hatamudadhı́m. hánmanā hatam || 12 ||
 ✽✼✶

✶✵✳ ❲❤❡♥ Soma ✐s ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❤❡r❡✱

t❤❡ ♠❡♥ ❤♦♥♦r Indra✕Agni✱
t❤♦s❡ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ t♦ s❡r✈❡ ✖ t❤❡ t✇♦ ✇❤♦ ❤❛✈❡ st❡❡❞s✳
✶✶✳ ❲✐t❤ r❡❝✐t❡❞ ✈❡rs❡s ❬t❤❡② ✇♦rs❤✐♣❪ t✇♦ ❜❡st s❧❛②❡rs ♦❢ Vr.tra
✇❤♦ ❛r❡ ❛❧♠♦st ❜❡❝♦♠✐♥❣ ✐♥✢❛♠❡❞ ❤❡r❡ ❜② ❛ ❝❤❛♥t✱
✇✐t❤ ❧♦✉❞ ❤②♠♥s ♦❢ ♦♥❡ ✇❤♦ s❡❡❦s t♦ ♣r♦❝✉r❡ ❬t❤❡♠❪✳
✶✷✳ ❏✉st s✉❝❤✺ ❞♦ ②♦✉ t✇♦ ❬str✐❦❡❪
❬t❤❛t❪ ♠♦rt❛❧ ✇❤♦ ❬❜r✐♥❣s❪ ❛ ❝✉rs❡✱
✇❤♦ ❧❡❛r♥❡❞ ♣♦♦r❧②✱ ✇❤♦ ✐s t♦♦ ❞❡❢❡♥s✐✈❡✦
❙tr✐❦❡ ✇✐t❤ ❛ str✐❦❡ t❤❛t ❦❡❡♣s str✐❦✐♥❣
❤✐♠✻ ✇❤♦ ❝✉r✈❡s ❬❛r♦✉♥❞❪✱
str✐❦❡ ✇✐t❤ ❛ str✐❦❡ t❤❛t ❦❡❡♣s str✐❦✐♥❣
❤✐♠✼ ✇❤♦ ❤♦❧❞s ❬❜❛❝❦❪ t❤❡ ✇❛t❡rs✦

✺ t❤❛t ✐s✱ ✏❛❧♠♦st ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t❡❞✑

✻ Vrtra
.
✼ Vrtra
.
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✼✳✾✽

Vasis..tha Maitravarun.i | Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra ❛♥❞ Br.haspati

ádhvaryavo ′run.ám . dugdhámam . śúm

.
juhótana vr..sabhā´ya ks.itı̄nā´m |
gaurā´dvédı̄yām̃. avapā´namı́ndro
viśvā´hédyāti sutásomamichán || 1 ||

yáddadhis.é pradı́vi cā´rvánnam.

divédive pı̄tı́mı́dasya vaks.i |
utá hr.dótá mánasā jus.ān.á
uśánnindra prásthitānpāhi sómān || 2 ||

jajñānáh. sómam
. sáhase papātha
prá te mātā´ mahimā´namuvāca |
éndra paprāthorvàntáriks.am
.
yudhā´ devébhyo várivaścakartha || 3 ||

yádyodháyā maható mányamānān

sā´ks.āma tā´nbāhúbhih. śā´śadānān |
yádvā nŕ.bhirvŕ.ta indrābhiyúdhyās
tám. tváyājı́m. sauśravasám . jayema || 4 ||

préndrasya vocam . prathamā´ kr.tā´ni

prá nū´tanā maghávā yā´ cakā´ra |
yadédádevı̄rásahis..ta māyā´
áthābhavatkévalah. sómo asya || 5 ||

távedám
. vı́śvamabhı́tah. paśavyàm
.
yatpaśyasi cáks.asā sū´ryasya |
gávāmasi gópatiréka indra
bhaks.ı̄máhi te práyatasya vásvah. || 6 ||

bŕ.haspate yuvámı́ndraśca vásvo

divyásyeśāthe utá pā´rthivasya |
dhattám . rayı́m
. stuvaté kı̄ráye cid
yūyám. pāta svastı́bhih. sádā nah. || 7 ||
 ✽✼✸

✶✳ ❖ adhvaryu✲s✱ ♠❛❦❡ ❛♥ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣ t♦ ❤✐♠

✇❤♦ ✐s ❧✐❦❡ ❜✉❧❧ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❝❧❛♥s
❬t❤✉s❪ ❣✐✈✐♥❣ ❛ ❝❤❛♥❝❡ t♦ ♠♦✈❡ ✉♣✇❛r❞s ♠✐❧❦❡❞ st❛❧❦✦
❇❡tt❡r t❤❛♥ ✇✐❧❞ ❛ss ❛t ✜♥❞✐♥❣ ♣❧❛❝❡ t♦ ❞r✐♥❦ Indra
❛❧✇❛②s ❥♦✉r♥❡②s s❡❡❦✐♥❣ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ Soma✳
✷✳ ❲❤❛t ❛t ❛❧❧ t✐♠❡s t❤♦✉ s❡t ❢♦r t❤②s❡❧❢ ❛s ❢❛✈♦r✐t❡ ❢♦♦❞
❞❛②✲❛❢t❡r✲❞❛② t❤♦✉ ❞❡s✐r❡ ❥✉st t♦ ❞r✐♥❦ ✐t✳
❋r❡q✉❡♥t✐♥❣ ❬✐t❪ ✇✐t❤ ❤❡❛rt ❛♥❞ ✇✐t❤ ♠✐♥❞✱
❞❡s✐r✐♥❣ ❬✐t❪✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❞r✐♥❦ ♣r❡♣❛r❡❞ Soma ❥✉✐❝❡s✦
✸✳ ❍❛✈✐♥❣ ❜❡❡♥ ❜♦r♥✱ t❤♦✉ ❞r❛♥❦ Soma
❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ str❡♥❣t❤✱
t❤② ♠♦t❤❡r ♠❡♥t✐♦♥❡❞ ❬t❤②❪ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ✐♥❝r❡❛s❡✲✐♥✲s✐③❡✳
❚❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ ✜❧❧❡❞ ✇✐❞❡ ✐♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ s♣❛❝❡✱
t❤r♦✉❣❤ ✜❣❤t✐♥❣ t❤♦✉ ❝r❡❛t❡❞ ♠❡♥t❛❧ s♣❛❝❡ ❢♦r deva✲s✳
✹✳ ❲❤❡♥ t❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ ♠❛❦❡ ❬✉s❪ ✜❣❤t t❤♦s❡ ❝♦♥s✐❞❡r❡❞ ♠✐❣❤t②✱
✇❡ ✇✐❧❧ ♦✈❡r❝♦♠❡ t❤♦s❡✱
✇❤♦ ❛r❡ s✉♣❡r✐♦r ❞✉❡ t♦ ❬t❤❡✐r str♦♥❣❡r❪ ❛r♠s✱
♦r ✇❤❡♥ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡ ✜❣❤t✐♥❣ s✉rr♦✉♥❞❡❞ ❜② ♠❡♥✱
t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ t❤❡❡ ✇❡ ♠✐❣❤t ✇✐♥ t❤❛t ❣❧♦r✐♦✉s ❜❛tt❧❡✳
✺✳ ■ s❤❛❧❧ ♠❡♥t✐♦♥ ♣r✐♦r ❞❡❡❞s ♦❢ Indra✱
r❡❝❡♥t ❬❞❡❡❞s❪ t❤❛t t❤❡ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡ ♣❡r❢♦r♠❡❞✳
❖♥❧② ✇❤❡♥ ❤❡ ♦✈❡r❝❛♠❡ ♣r♦❢❛♥❡ ♣♦✇❡rs t♦ ❢r❛♠❡ ❬❝♦❣♥✐t✐♦♥❪✱
t❤❡♥ Soma ❜❡❝❛♠❡ ❡①❝❧✉s✐✈❡❧② ❤✐s✳
✻✳ ❚❤② ✐♥ ❡✈❡r② ✇❛② ✐s t❤✐s ❡♥t✐r❡ ❤❡r❞
✇❤✐❝❤ t❤♦✉ ❜❡❤♦❧❞ ✇✐t❤ s✉♥✬s ❡②❡✳
❚❤♦✉ ❛❧♦♥❡ ❛r❡ ♣r♦t❡❝t♦r ♦❢ ❝♦✇s✱ ❖ Indra✱
s♦ t❤❛t ✇❡ ♠✐❣❤t ♣❛rt❛❦❡ ♦❢ t❤② ♦✛❡r❡❞ ❬t♦ ✉s❪ ♣r♦♣❡rt②✳
✼✳ ❖ Br.haspati✱ ②♦✉ t✇♦✱ ❬t❤♦✉❪ ❛♥❞ Indra✱
❛r❡ ❝♦♠♠❛♥❞✐♥❣ ❝❡❧❡st✐❛❧ ❛♥❞ ❡❛rt❤❧② r✐❝❤❡s✳
❉♦ ②♦✉ t✇♦ ❛❧s♦ ✐♠♣❛rt t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡ t♦ ❡①t♦❧❧✐♥❣ ❬②♦✉❪ ♣r❛✐s❡r✦
▼❛② ②❡✶ ❛❧✇❛②s ♣r♦t❡❝t ✉s ✇✐t❤ ❬②♦✉r❪ ❜❧❡ss✐♥❣s✦

✶ deva✲s
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✼✳✶✵✹

Vasis..tha | ✶✕✼✱ ✶✽✱ ✷✶✱ ✷✸ Jagatı̄❀ ✽✕✶✼✱ ✶✾✱ ✷✵✱ ✷✷✱ ✷✹ Tris..tubh❀ ✷✺
Anus..tubh | t♦ Indra ❛♥❞ Soma

ı́ndrāsomā tápatam . ráks.a ubjátam .

nyàrpayatam . . . . ā tamovŕ.dhah. |
vr s an
párā śr.n.ı̄tamacı́to nyòs.atam .
hatám. nudéthām . nı́ śiśı̄tamatrı́n.ah. || 1 ||

ı́ndrāsomā sámagháśam
. samabhyàghám .
tápuryayastu carúragnivā´m̃
. iva |
brahmadvı́s.e kravyā´de ghorácaks.ase
dvés.o dhattamanavāyám . kimı̄dı́ne || 2 ||

ı́ndrāsomā dus.kŕ.to vavré antár

anārambhan.é támasi prá vidhyatam |
yáthā nā´tah. púnarékaścanódáyat
tádvāmastu sáhase manyumáchávah. || 3 ||

ı́ndrāsomā vartáyatam . divó vadhám .

sám pr
. . thivy ´
ā . sāya tárhan.am |
agháśam
úttaks.atam. svaryàm . párvatebhyo
yéna ráks.o vāvr.dhānám. nijū´rvathah. || 4 ||

ı́ndrāsomā vartáyatam. diváspáryagnitaptébhir

yuvámáśmahanmabhih. |
tápurvadhebhirajárebhiratrı́n.o
. yántu nisvarám || 5 ||
nı́ párśāne vidhyatam

ı́ndrāsomā pári vām . bhūtu viśváta

iyám. matı́h. kaks.yā´śveva vājı́nā |
yā´m
. vām
. hótrām. parihinómi medháyemā´
bráhmān.i nr.pátı̄va jinvatam || 6 ||
 ✽✼✺

✶✳ ❖ Indra ❛♥❞ Soma✱

❞❡str♦② ✇✐t❤ ❤❡❛t t❤❡ ❞❡❢❡♥s✐✈❡♥❡ss✱ s✉❜❞✉❡ ❬✐t❪✦
❲✐t❤ t❤❡ ❤❡❧♣ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❜✉❧❧
✶ t❛❦❡ ❞♦✇♥ ❬t❤❡ ❞❡❢❡♥s✐✈❡♥❡ss❪
❬t❤❛t ✐s❪ ✐♥❝r❡❛s✐♥❣ ❞❛r❦♥❡ss✦
❈r✉s❤✱ ❜✉r♥ ❞♦✇♥ ❧❛❝❦✐♥❣ ♣❡r❝❡♣t✐✈❡♥❡ss ❡♥♠✐t✐❡s ✦
✷
❙tr✐❦❡✱ r❡♠♦✈❡✱ ♣✉t t♦ r❡st ❛❧❧✲❝♦♥s✉♠✐♥❣ ❢❡❛rs✦
✷✳ ❖ Indra ❛♥❞ Soma✱ ❬✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t❡❪ t❤♦r♦✉❣❤❧② ♠❛❧❡✈♦❧❡♥❝❡✱
❬✐rr❛❞✐❛t❡❪ ❡✈✐❧
♠❛② t❤✐s ❤❡❛t ❦❡❡♣ ✇❛r♠✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡♠❪
❧✐❦❡ ❛ ♣♦t ✇✐t❤ ❬❤❡❛t✐♥❣ ✐t❪ ✜r❡✳
■♠♣❛rt ❬t♦ ✉s❪ ✉♥❛❜❛t❡❞ ❛✈❡rs✐♦♥ t♦
❤♦st✐❧❡ t♦ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥s✱
❡❛t✐♥❣ r❛✇ ✢❡s❤✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❤♦rr✐❢②✐♥❣ ❧♦♦❦ kimı̄din✳
✖✖
✸✳ ❖ Indra ❛♥❞ Soma✱ ❞♦ ❝❛st t❤♦s❡✱ ✇❤♦ ✐♥t❡r❢❡r❡✱
✐♥t♦ ❬t❤❡✐r❪ ❤✐❞✐♥❣ ♣❧❛❝❡ ✖ ✐♥t♦ ♠❡r❝✉r✐❛❧ ❞❛r❦♥❡ss✦
■♥ ♥♦ ✇❛② s❤❛❧❧ ❛♥②♦♥❡ ♦❢ t❤❡♠ r✐s❡ ❜❛❝❦ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡r❡✦
▼❛② t❤✐s ✖ ②♦✉r ✈❡❤❡♠❡♥t ✐♠♣✉❧s❡ t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡ ✖
❜❡ ❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ ❬♦✉r❪ ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ str❡♥❣t❤✦
✹✳ ❖ Indra ❛♥❞ Soma✱ ❝❛✉s❡ ❞✐s❝❤❛r❣❡ t♦ ❤❛♣♣❡♥ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥✱
❬❛♥❞ ❛♥♦t❤❡r ♦♥❡❪ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤✱
t♦t❛❧❧② ❝r✉s❤✐♥❣ ♠❛❧❡✈♦❧❡♥❝❡✳
❉♦ ❢❛s❤✐♦♥ ❬❛ ❞✐s❝❤❛r❣❡❪
r❡s♦✉♥❞✐♥❣ ❬❧✐❦❡ ❛♥ ❡❝❤♦❪ ❢r♦♠ ♠♦✉♥t❛✐♥s✱
❬❛ ❞✐s❝❤❛r❣❡❪ ✇✐t❤ ✇❤✐❝❤ ②♦✉ ❜✉r♥ ❞♦✇♥ ❢♦rt✐✜❡❞ ❞❡❢❡♥❝❡✳
✺✳ ❖ Indra ❛♥❞ Soma✱ ❝❛✉s❡ ❬❞✐s❝❤❛r❣❡s❪ t♦ ❤❛♣♣❡♥
❢r♦♠ ❛❧❧ ♦✈❡r t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥✦
▼❛② ②♦✉ t✇♦ ♣✐♥ ❛❧❧✲❝♦♥s✉♠✐♥❣ ❢❡❛rs ❞♦✇♥ ✐♥ t❤❡ ❝❤❛s♠
✉s✐♥❣ ❤❡❛t❡❞ ❜② t❤❡ ✜r❡✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❤❡❛t ❛s ❛ ❞❡❛❞❧② ✇❡❛♣♦♥✱
str✐❦✐♥❣ ❧✐❦❡ ❛ r♦❝❦✱
✉♥❞❡❝❛②✐♥❣ ❬❛✉❞✐t♦r② ✐♠♣r❡ss✐♦♥s❪✳ ▼❛② t❤❡② ❣♦ s✐❧❡♥t❧②✦
✻✳ ❖ Indra ❛♥❞ Soma✱ t❤✐s ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❣❡st✉r❡
s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ ❝♦♥t❛✐♥❡❞ ②♦✉ ❜♦t❤ ♦♥ ❛❧❧ s✐❞❡s
❥✉st ❧✐❦❡ ❛ ❣✐r❞❧❡ ❬✇♦✉❧❞❪ t✇♦ s♣✐r✐t❡❞ st❛❧❧✐♦♥s✳
❲❤✐❝❤ ❬♠❡♥t❛❧ ❣❡st✉r❡ ❛s ❛♥❪ ✐♥✈♦❝❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ②♦✉ t✇♦
■ s❡♥❞ ❢♦rt❤ ❢r❡q✉❡♥t❧② ❬❛♥❞❪ ✇✐t❤ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ✈✐❣♦✉r ✖
✏❆s ♣r♦t❡❝t♦rs ♦❢ ♠❡♥✱ ❛♥✐♠❛t❡ t❤❡s❡ s❛❝r❡❞ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛s✦✑

✶ ❡①tr❛❝t ♦❢ Soma ♣❧❛♥t

✷ dvisas
.
✽✼✻

práti smarethām . tujáyadbhirévair

hatám. druhó raks. áso bhaṅgurā´vatah. |
ı́ndrāsomā dus.kŕ.te mā´ sugám. bhūd
yó nah. kadā´ cidabhidā´sati druhā´ || 7 ||

yó mā pā´kena mánasā cárantam

abhicás..te ánr.tebhirvácobhih. |
ā´pa iva kāśı́nā sám
. gr.bhı̄tā
ásannastvā´sata indra vaktā´ || 8 ||

yé pākaśam. sám

. viháranta évair
yé vā bhadrám . dūs.áyanti svadhā´bhih. |
áhaye vā tā´npradádātu sóma
ā´ vā dadhātu nı́rr.terupásthe || 9 ||

yó no rásam . dı́psati pitvó agne

yó áśvānām . yástanū´nām |
. yó gávām
ripú stená steyakŕ.ddabhrámetu
. tanvā` tánā ca || 10 ||
nı́ .sá hı̄yatām

paráh. só astu tanvā` tánā ca

tisráh. pr.thiv´ı̄radhó astu vı́śvāh. |
práti śus.yatu yáśo asya devā
yó no dı́vā dı́psati yáśca náktam || 11 ||

suvijñānám. cikitús.e jánāya

sáccā´sacca vácası̄ paspr.dhāte |
táyoryátsatyám. yatarádŕ.jı̄yas
tádı́tsómo ′vati hántyā´sat || 12 ||

ná vā´ u sómo vr.jinám. hinoti

ná ks.atrı́yam. mithuy ā´ dhāráyantam |
hánti ráks.o hántyā´sadvádantam
ubhā´vı́ndrasya prásitau śayāte || 13 ||
 ✽✼✼

✼✳ ❉♦ r❡❝♦❧❧❡❝t ✇✐t❤ ❬②♦✉r❪ ❜r✐♥❣✐♥❣✲t♦✲❢♦r❡ ✇❛②s✱

❬t❤❡♥❪ str✐❦❡ tr❛♥s✐t♦r② ❣✉❛r❞✐♥❣ ❬✐♠♣✉❧s❡s❪ ♦❢ s♣✐t❡✦
❖ Indra✕Soma✱ ♠❛② t❤❡r❡ ❜❡ ♥♦ ❡❛s② ♣❛t❤✇❛②
❢♦r t❤❡ ❤✐♥❞r❛♥❝❡ t❤❛t s♦♠❡t✐♠❡s ❧✉r❡s ✉s
❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❬♦✉r ♦✇♥❪ s♣✐t❡✳
✽✳ ❲❤♦ ❛❞❞r❡ss❡s ♠❡ ✇❤❡♥ ■ ✇❛♥❞❡r ❛r♦✉♥❞✱
❬❛❞❞r❡ss❡s❪ ✇✐t❤ ✐♠♠❛t✉r❡ ♠✐♥❞✱ ✇✐t❤ ❧❛❝❦✐♥❣ .rta ✉tt❡r❛♥❝❡s ✖
♠❛② ❤❡✱ ❛ ♠♦✉t❤♣✐❡❝❡ ♦❢ ✜❝t✐♦♥✱ ❜❡ ❧❛❝❦✐♥❣ ♣r❡s❡♥❝❡
❧✐❦❡ ✇❛t❡r ❣r❛❜❜❡❞ ✇✐t❤ ❛ ✜st✳
✾✳ ❚❤❡② ✇❤♦ ❞✐s❝❧♦s❡ ❛ ❤❛❧❢✲❜❛❦❡❞ s♣❡❧❧ ❛s ❛ ♠❛tt❡r ♦❢ ❤❛❜✐t✱
t❤❡② ✇❤♦ ✇❛♥t♦♥❧② s♣♦✐❧ ❛♥ ❛✉s♣✐❝✐♦✉s ❬✐♥✈♦❝❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ Indra❪✸ ✖
♠❛② Soma ❡✐t❤❡r ❣✐✈❡ t❤❡♠ t♦ t❤❡ s♥❛❦❡
♦r ♣✉t ❬t❤❡♠❪ ♦♥t♦ t❤❡ ❧❛♣ ♦❢ ❞✐s❥✉♥❝t✐♦♥✦
✖✖
✶✵✳ ❲❤♦ ❞❡s✐r❡s t♦ ❞❡str♦② ❢♦r ✉s
t❤❡ ❡ss❡♥s❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❥✉✐❝❡✱ ❖ Agni✱
✇❤♦ ✖ ♦❢ ❤♦rs❡s✱ ✇❤♦ ✖ ♦❢ ❝♦✇s✱ ✇❤♦ ✖ ♦❢ ❜♦❞✐❡s✱
❞❡❝❡✐t❢✉❧ t❤✐❡❢ ❞♦✐♥❣ t❤❡❢t ✖ ♠❛② ❤❡ ♠❛❦❡ ❤✐♠s❡❧❢ s❝❛r❝❡✱
♠❛② ❤❡ ❜❡ ❞❡♣r✐✈❡❞ ♦❢ ❤✐s ❜♦❞② ❛♥❞ ♦✛s♣r✐♥❣s✳
✶✶✳ ▼❛② ❤❡ ❜❡ r❡♠♦t❡ ❤✐♠s❡❧❢ ✇✐t❤ ❤✐s ♦✛s♣r✐♥❣s✦
▼❛② ❤❡ ❜❡ ❜❡❧♦✇ ❛❧❧ t❤r❡❡ ❊❛rt❤❡s✦
▲❡t t❤❡ ❬♠❛♥❧② ♦♥❡❪ ✇♦rt❤ ♦❢ t❤✐s ♦♥❡ ❜❡ ❞r✐❡❞ ✉♣✱ ❖ deva✲s✱
❬♦❢ t❤✐s ♦♥❡✱❪ ✇❤♦ ❞❡s✐r❡s t♦ ❞❡❝❡✐✈❡ ✉s ❜② ❞❛②✱
❛♥❞ ✇❤♦ ❬❞❡s✐r❡s t♦ ❞❡❝❡✐✈❡ ✉s❪ ❛t ♥✐❣❤t✳
✶✷✳ ❋♦r ❛♥ ♦❜s❡r✈❛♥t ♣❡rs♦♥ ✐t ✐s ❡❛s② t♦ ❞✐st✐♥❣✉✐s❤
r❡❛❧ ❢r♦♠ ✜❝t✐t✐♦✉s❀
❬✇❤❡♥❪ t✇♦ ✉tt❡r❛♥❝❡s ❝♦♥t❡♥❞ ❬✇✐t❤ ❡❛❝❤ ♦t❤❡r❪✱
♦❢ t❤♦s❡ t✇♦ t❤❛t ✐s tr✉❡ ✇❤✐❝❤ ✐s t❤❡ str❛✐❣❤t❡st✹ ❀
t❤❛t ♦♥❡ Soma ❢❛✈♦✉rs✱ ✐t str✐❦❡s ❞♦✇♥ t❤❡ ✜❝t✐t✐♦✉s✳
✶✸✳ ❈❡rt❛✐♥❧②✱ Soma ❞♦❡s ♥♦t ❛ss✐st ❛ ❞❡❝❡✐t❢✉❧ ♦♥❡✱
♥♦r ❞♦❡s ❬❤❡ ❛ss✐st❪ ❛ ❣♦✈❡r♥♦r ♠❛✐♥t❛✐♥✐♥❣ ❬♣♦✇❡r❪
❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❛♠❜✐❣✉✐t②✳
❍❡ str✐❦❡s ❬❞♦✇♥❪ ❞❡❢❡♥s✐✈❡♥❡ss✱ str✐❦❡s ♦♥❡ ✇❤♦ t❡❧❧s ✜❝t✐♦♥✳
❇♦t❤ r❡♣♦s❡ ✐♥ Indra✬s ♥❡t✳
✖✖

✸ indrahava✖ ♦♥ t❤❡ str❡♥❣t❤ ♦❢ ✾✳✾✻✳✶❝

✹♠❛❦✐♥❣ ❢❡✇❡r ❛ss✉♠♣t✐♦♥s✱ ♣❛rs✐♠♦♥✐♦✉s
✽✼✽

yádi vāhámánr.tadeva ā´sa

mógham . vā devā´m̃
. apyūhé agne |
kı́masmábhyam . jātavedo hr.n.ı̄s.e
droghavā´caste nirr.thám
. sacantām || 14 ||

adyā´ murı̄ya yádi yātudhā´no ásmi

yádi vā´yustatápa pū´rus.asya |
ádhā sá vı̄ráırdaśábhirvı́ yūyā
yó mā mógham . yā´tudhānétyā´ha || 15 ||

yó mā´yātum . yā´tudhānétyā´ha

yó vā raks.ā´h. śúcirasm´ı̄tyā´ha |
ı́ndrastám. hantu mahatā´ vadhéna
vı́śvasya jantóradhamáspadı̄s..ta || 16 ||

prá yā´ jı́gāti khargáleva náktam

ápa druhā´ tanvàm . gūhamānā |
vavrā´m̃. anant ´
ā . áva sā´ padı̄s..ta
m̃
grā´vān.o ghnantu raks.ása upabdaıh ´ . || 17 ||

vı́ tis..thadhvam
. maruto viks.vı̀cháta
. pinas..tana |
gr.bhāyáta raks.ásah. sám
váyo yé bhūtv´ı̄ patáyanti naktábhir
yé vā rı́po dadhiré devé adhvaré || 18 ||

prá vartaya divó áśmānamindra

sómaśitam . maghavansám . śiśādhi |
prā´ktādápāktādadharā´dúdaktād
abhı́ jahi raks.ásah. párvatena || 19 ||

etá u tyé patayanti śváyātava

′
ı́ndram . dipsanti dipsávó dābhyam |
śı́śı̄te śakráh. pı́śunebhyo vadhám.
nūnám . sr.jadaśánim . yātumádbhyah. || 20 ||
 ✽✼✾

✶✹✳ ❲❤❡t❤❡r ■ ❤❛✈❡ ❜❡❡♥ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ✇❤❛t ❧❛❝❦s .rta ❢♦r ❛ deva✱
♦r ❤❛✈❡ ■ ❜r♦✉❣❤t ❬♦✛❡r✐♥❣s❪ ❢♦r deva✲s ✇✐t❤♦✉t ❛ ❝❛✉s❡✱ ❖ Agni❄
❚♦ ✇❤❛t ❡♥❞ t❤♦✉ ❛r❡ ❛♥❣r② ❛t ✉s✱ ❖ ❜♦r♥ ♦❢ ❦♥♦✇❧❡❞❣❡ ♦♥❡❄
▼❛② ❬t❤❡s❡❪ ✐♥t❡♥❞❡❞ t♦ ❤✉rt ✉tt❡r❛♥❝❡s
❛ss♦❝✐❛t❡ t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ❞✐s✐♥t❡❣r❛t✐♦♥ t❤♦✉ ❝❛✉s❡✦
✶✺✳ ■ ✇♦✉❧❞ ❞✐❡ t♦❞❛② ✐❢ ■ ✇❡r❡ ❝✉rs❡❞ ✇✐t❤ ❛♥ ✐♥❢❛t✉❛t✐♦♥✱
♦r ✐❢ ✇✐t❤ ❤❡❛t ❬♦❢ ❛s❝❡t✐❝ ♣r❛❝t✐❝❡s❪ ■ ❤❛❞ ❞❡str♦②❡❞
♠❛♥✬s ✈✐t❛❧ ♣♦✇❡r✳
❚❤❡r❡❢♦r❡✱ ❤❡ s❤♦✉❧❞ ❜❡ ❞❡♣r✐✈❡❞ ♦❢ t❡♥ ❤❡r♦❡s
✇❤♦ ❝❛❧❧s ♠❡ ✇✐t❤♦✉t ❛ ❝❛✉s❡ ✏❝✉rs❡❞ ✇✐t❤ ❛♥ ✐♥❢❛t✉❛t✐♦♥✑✳
✶✻✳ ❲❤♦ ❝❛❧❧❡❞ ♠❡✱ ✇❤♦ ❤❛s ♥♦ ✐♥❢❛t✉❛t✐♦♥s✱
✏❝✉rs❡❞ ✇✐t❤ ❛♥ ✐♥❢❛t✉❛t✐♦♥✑✱
♦r✱ ❣✉❛r❞✐♥❣ ❬❤✐♠ ♠❛♥❪ ✇❤♦ s❛✐❞ ✏■ ❛♠ ✐♥♥♦❝❡♥t ✑✱
✺
♠❛② Indra str✐❦❡ ❤✐♠ ✇✐t❤ ❛ ♠✐❣❤t② ✇❡❛♣♦♥✦
▲♦✇❡st ♦❢ ❛❧❧ ❝r❡❛t✉r❡s✱ ♠❛② ❤❡ ❢❛❧❧ ❞♦✇♥✦
✖✖
✶✼✳ ❙❤❡ ✇❤♦ ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤❡s ❛t ♥✐❣❤t ✖ ❧✐❦❡ ❛♥ ♦✇❧✱
♠❛❧✐❝✐♦✉s❧② ❤✐❞✐♥❣ ❤❡rs❡❧❢ ❛✇❛② ❬❞✉r✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❞❛②❪ ✖
♠❛② s❤❡ ❢❛❧❧ ❞♦✇♥ ✐♥t♦ ❡♥❞❧❡ss ❝❛✈❡r♥s✦
▼❛② ♣r❡ss✐♥❣ st♦♥❡s ✇❛r❞ ♦✛ ❣✉❛r❞✐❛♥ ❬✐♠♣✉❧s❡s❪
✇✐t❤ ❝❧❛♥❦✐♥❣ s♦✉♥❞s✳
✶✽✳ ❖ Marut✲s✱ s♣r❡❛❞ ♦✈❡r ❛♠♦♥❣ ❤♦♠❡st❡❛❞s✱ s❡❡❦✱
s❡✐③❡ ❣✉❛r❞✐♥❣ ❬✐♠♣✉❧s❡s❪✱ ❝r✉s❤ ❝♦♠♣❧❡t❡❧② ❬t❤♦s❡❪
t❤❛t✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❜✐r❞s✱ ❜r✐♥❣ ❞♦✇♥ ❬♠❡♥❪ ❛t ♥✐❣❤t✱
♦r t❤♦s❡ t❤❛t ❤❛✈❡ ♣❧❛❝❡❞ tr❛♣s ❛❧♦♥❣ t❤❡ ❝♦✉rs❡ ♦❢
❝❡❧❡st✐❛❧ ♣r♦❝❡❡❞✐♥❣ ♦♥ ✐ts ✇❛② ❬s❛❝r✐✜❝❡❪✳
✖✖
✶✾✳ ❘♦❧❧ t❤❡ r♦❝❦ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥✱ ❖ Indra✦
❚❤❛t ✇❤✐❝❤ ✐s s❤❛r♣❡♥❡❞ ❜② Soma✱ ❖ ♠✉♥✐✜❝❡♥t ♦♥❡✱
s❤❛r♣❡♥ t❤♦r♦✉❣❤❧②✦
❚❤✉♠♣ ❛t t❤❡ ❣✉❛r❞✐♥❣ ❬✐♠♣✉❧s❡s❪ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ r♦❝❦
❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ❢r♦♥t✱ ❢r♦♠ ❜❡❤✐♥❞✱ ❢r♦♠ ❜❡❧♦✇✱ ❢r♦♠ ❛❜♦✈❡✦
✷✵✳ ❚❤❡s❡✱ t❤❛t ❜r✐♥❣ ❞♦✇♥ ✖ ✐♥❢❛t✉❛t✐♦♥s ❧✐❦❡ t❤♦s❡ ♦❢ ❛ ❞♦❣✱
t❤❡② ❞❡s✐r❡ t♦ tr✐❝❦ Indra✱ t❤✐❡✈❡s✱
❬Indra ✇❤♦ ✐s❪ ♥♦t✲t♦✲❜❡✲❞❡❝❡✐✈❡❞✳
❍❡✱ ❡♠♣♦✇❡r✐♥❣ ♦♥❡✱ s❤❛r♣❡♥s ❬❤✐s❪ ❞❡❛❞❧② ✇❡❛♣♦♥
❛❣❛✐♥st t❤❡ tr❡❛❝❤❡r♦✉s
s♦ t❤❛t ❤❡ ✇♦✉❧❞ ❛ss✉r❡❞❧② ❞✐s❝❤❛r❣❡ ❛ ✢❛s❤ ♦❢ ❧✐❣❤t♥✐♥❣
❢♦r t❤♦s❡ ✇❤♦ ❛r❡ ✐♥❢❛t✉❛t❡❞✳

✺ ❧✐t✳ ✏♣✉r❡✑
✽✽✵

ı́ndro yātūnā´mabhavatparāśaró
havirmáthı̄nāmabhyā`vı́vāsatām |
abh´ı̄du śakráh. paraśúryáthā vánam
.
pā´treva bhindánsatá eti raks.ásah. || 21 ||

úlūkayātum . śuśulū´kayātum
.
jahı́ śváyātumutá kókayātum |
suparn.áyātumutá gŕ.dhrayātum .
dr..sádeva prá mr.n.a ráks.a indra || 22 ||

mā´ no ráks.o abhı́ nad.yātumā´vatām

ápochatu mithunā´ yā´ kimı̄dı́nā |
pr.thiv´ı̄ nah. pā´rthivātpātvám ′
. haso ntáriks.am
.
divyā´tpātvasmā´n || 23 ||

ı́ndra jahı́ púmām . sam. yātudhā´nam

utá strı́yam . māyáyā śā´śadānām |
vı́grı̄vāso mū´radevā .rdantu
mā´ té dr.śansū´ryamuccárantam || 24 ||

práti caks.va vı́ caks.véndraśca soma jāgr.tam |

ráks.obhyo vadhámasyatamaśánim . yātumádbhyah. || 25 ||
 ✽✽✶

✷✶✳ Indra ❜❡❝❛♠❡ ❛ ❞❡str♦②❡r ♦❢ ✐♥❢❛t✉❛t✐♦♥s✱

♦❢ t❤♦s❡ t❤❛t ❧♦♥❣ t♦ ❞✐st✉r❜ ❛♥ ♦❜❧❛t✐♦♥✳
❈❛♣❛❜❧❡ ❬t♦ ❝✉t ❞♦✇♥❪ ❛s ❛♥ ❛① ❬❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤✐♥❣❪ ❛ t❤✐❝❦❡t✱
❤❡ ❝♦♠❡s ✉♥t♦ ❣✉❛r❞✐♥❣ ❬✐♠♣✉❧s❡s❪
❛s ✐❢ ❜r❡❛❦✐♥❣ ❞❡❢❡♥s✐✈❡ ❢♦r♠❛t✐♦♥✳
✷✷✳ ❙tr✐❦❡ ❬❛♥②❪ ✐♥❢❛t✉❛t✐♦♥ t❤❛t ✐s ❧✐❦❡ t❤❛t ♦❢ ❛♥ ♦✇❧✱
❧✐❦❡ t❤❛t ♦❢ ❛♥ ♦✇❧❡t✱
❧✐❦❡ t❤❛t ♦❢ ❛ ❞♦❣ ♦r ❧✐❦❡ t❤❛t ♦❢ ❛ ❝♦❝❦♦♦✱
❧✐❦❡ t❤❛t ♦❢ ❛ ❤❛✇❦ ♦r ❧✐❦❡ t❤❛t ♦❢ ❛ ✈✉❧t✉r❡✦
❖ Indra✱ ❝r✉s❤ ❛s ✇✐t❤ ❛ ♠✐❧❧st♦♥❡ t❤❡ ❞❡❢❡♥s✐✈❡♥❡ss✦
✷✸✳ ▼❛② ♥♦t ❞❡❢❡♥s✐✈❡♥❡ss ♦✈❡rt❛❦❡ ✉s✦
❖❢ t❤♦s❡ ✇❤♦ ❤❡❧♣ ✐♥❢❛t✉❛t✐♦♥✱
♠❛② ❬t❤❡ ❞❛✇♥❪ ❞r✐✈❡ ❛✇❛② ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ❧✉❝✐❞✐t② ❬✐t ❜r✐♥❣s❪
t❤❡ ♣❛✐r t❤❛t ❛r❡ kimı̄din✲s✦
▼❛② t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤ ♣r♦t❡❝t ✉s ❢r♦♠ ❛♥ ❡❛rt❤❧② tr♦✉❜❧❡✦
▼❛② t❤❡ ♠✐❞❞❧❡ r❡❣✐♦♥ ♣r♦t❡❝t ✉s ❢r♦♠ ❛ ❝❡❧❡st✐❛❧ ❬tr♦✉❜❧❡❪✦
✷✹✳ ❖ Indra✱ str✐❦❡ ❬❛♥②❪ ♠❛♥ ✇❤♦ ✐s ❝✉rs❡❞ ✇✐t❤ ❛♥ ✐♥❢❛t✉❛t✐♦♥✱
❛♥❞ ❬❛♥②❪ ✇♦♠❛♥ ✇❤♦ ♣r❡✈❛✐❧s
❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❢r❛♠❡ ❬❝♦❣♥✐t✐♦♥❪✦
▼❛② t❤♦s❡ ✇❤♦s❡ ♥❡❝❦ ✐s t✇✐st❡❞✱
❢♦r ✇❤♦♠ ❛ ❢♦♦❧ ✐s ❛ deva✱ ❞✐s♣❡rs❡✦
▼❛② t❤❡② ♥♦t s❡❡ t❤❡ r✐s✐♥❣ s✉♥✦
✖✖
✷✺✳ P❡r❝✐❡✈❡ ❬t❤❡♠❪✱ ♠❛❦❡ ❬t❤❡♠❪ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st✦
❖ Soma✱ ✇♦✉❧❞ ❬②♦✉❪ ❛♥❞ Indra ❜❡ ✇❛t❝❤❢✉❧✦
❈❛st ❛ ❞❡❛❞❧② ❢♦r ❬✐♥♥❡r❪ ❞❡❢❡♥❝❡s ✇❡❛♣♦♥ ✖
❢♦r t❤♦s❡ t❤❛t ❛r❡ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② ❛♥ ✐♥❢❛t✉❛t✐♦♥ ✖
❛ ✢❛s❤ ♦❢ ❧✐❣❤t♥✐♥❣✦
✖✖

❱❡rs❡s ✾✕✶✸✱ ✶✾✱ ✷✺ r❡❢❡r t♦ t❤❡ ❡①tr❛❝t ♦❢ Soma ♣❧❛♥t✱✈❡rs❡s ✶✕✼ ✖

t♦ t❤❡ ✐♥♥❡r Soma✳
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✽✳✶

❱❛r✐♦✉s | Br.hatı̄ ❡①❝❡♣t ✷✕✹ Satobr.hatı̄✱ ✸✸✱ ✸✹ Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra

mā´ cidanyádvı́ śam . sata sákhāyo mā´ ris.an.yata |

ı́ndramı́tstotā vŕ..san.am. sácā suté múhurukthā´ ca śam
. sata || 1 ||

avakraks.ı́n.am. vr..sabhám . gā´m

. yathājúram . ná cars.an.ı̄sáham |
vidvés.an.am. sam. vánanobhayam . karám
.
mám. his..thamubhayāvı́nam || 2 ||

yácciddhı́ tvā jánā imé nā´nā hávanta ūtáye |

asmā´kam ′
. bráhmedámindra bhūtu té hā vı́śvā ca várdhanam || 3 ||

vı́ tartūryante maghavanvipaścı́to ′ryó vı́po jánānām |

úpa kramasva pururū´pamā´ bhara vā´jam . nédis..thamūtáye || 4 ||

mahé caná tvā´madrivah. párā śulkā´ya deyām |

ná sahásrāya nā´yútāya vajrivo ná śatā´ya śatāmagha || 5 ||

. indrāsi me pitúrutá bhrā´turábhuñjatah. |

vásyām̃
mātā´ ca me chadayathah. samā´ vaso vasutvanā´ya rā´dhase || 6 ||

kvèyatha kvédasi purutrā´ ciddhı́ te mánah. |

álars.i yudhma khajakr.tpuram . dara prá gāyatrā´ agāsis.uh. || 7 ||

prā´smai gāyatrámarcata vāvā´turyáh. puram . daráh. |

yā´bhih. kān.vásyópa barhı́rāsádam
. y ´
ā sadvajr´ı̄ bhinátpúrah. || 8 ||
 ✽✽✸

✶✳ ❉♦ ♥♦t ❡✈❡♥ ❝♦♥s✐❞❡r ❢♦r r❡❝✐t❛t✐♦♥ s♦♠❡t❤✐♥❣ ❡❧s❡✱

❖ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s✱ ❞♦ ♥♦t ❤❛r♠ ②♦✉rs❡❧✈❡s✦
■♥ t❤❡ ♣r❡s❡♥❝❡ ♦❢ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❬Soma❪ ♣r❛✐s❡ ❜✉❧❧ Indra✱
❛♥❞ r❡❝✐t❡ t❤❡ ✈❡rs❡s ❛t ♦♥❝❡✦
✷✳ ❬Pr❛✐s❡❪ ❤✐♠✱ r✉♠❜❧✐♥❣ ❧♦✉❞❧② ❧✐❦❡ ❛ ❜✉❧❧✱
✶
♥♦♥✲❛❣✐♥❣✱ ♣r❡✈❛✐❧✐♥❣ ♦✈❡r t❤♦s❡ t❤❛t ❞r❛✇ t♦ t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s ✷
❛s ✐❢ ♦✈❡r ❛ ❝♦✇✱
❡✛❡❝t✐♥❣ ❜♦t❤ ❤❛tr❡❞ ❬❛♥❞❪ ♠✉t✉❛❧ ❧♦♥❣✐♥❣s✱
♠♦st ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ❬✇✐t❤❪ ❬❛♥❞❪ ❛❜♦✉♥❞✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❜♦t❤✳
✖✖
✸✳ ❊✈❡♥ t❤♦✉❣❤ t❤❡s❡ ❢♦❧❦s
❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥ t❤❡❡ s❡♣❛r❛t❡❧② ❢♦r ❤❡❧♣✱
❧❡t ✐t ❜❡ ♦✉r ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥✱ ❖ Indra✱
t❤❛t t❤r♦✉❣❤♦✉t t❤❡ ❞❛②s ❬❛❤❡❛❞❪ ❬✇✐❧❧ ❜❡❪ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥✐♥❣ ❢♦r t❤❡❡✳
✹✳ P✐❧✐♥❣✲✉♣ ♣✉❧s❛t✐♦♥s ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ r✐s✐♥❣ ✉♣✇❛r❞s ♦♥❡✱
s❤❛❦❡s ♦❢ t❤❡ ❬t❤❡s❡❪ ❢♦❧❦s✱ ❖ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡✱
❦❡❡♣ ❝♦♠✐♥❣ ✈✐♦❧❡♥t❧②❀
❆♣♣r♦❛❝❤✦ ■♥ ♦r❞❡r t♦ ❤❡❧♣✱ ♥❡①t ❜r✐♥❣ ❤❡r❡
❤❛✈✐♥❣✲♠❛♥②✲❢♦r♠s r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✦
✖✖
✺✳ ■ ✇♦✉❧❞ ♥♦t ❣✐✈❡ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ st♦♥❡✲✇✐❡❧❞❡r✱ ❛✇❛②
❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ ❛♥② ❣r❛♥❞ tr✐❜✉t❡ ✖
♥♦t ❢♦r ❛ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞✱ ♥♦t ❢♦r ❛ t❡♥ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞✱
❖ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲❜❡❛r❡r✱
♥♦t ❢♦r ❛ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞✱ ❖ ♦♥❡ ♦❢ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ r❡✇❛r❞s✦
✻✳ ❚❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❛r❡ ❜❡tt❡r ❢♦r ♠❡ t❤❛♥ t❤❡ ❢❛t❤❡r
❛♥❞ ♥♦t✲❡♠♣❧♦②✐♥❣ ❬♠❡❪ ❜r♦t❤❡r✳
❚❤♦✉ ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ♠♦t❤❡r ❛♣♣❡❛r s✐♠✐❧❛r t♦ ♠❡✱ ❖ ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧ ♦♥❡✱
✐♥ t❡r♠s ♦❢ ✉s❡❢✉❧♥❡ss ❬❛♥❞❪ ❢♦r s❛t✐s❢❛❝t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❬♠②❪ ❞❡s✐r❡✳
✖✖
✼✳ ❲❤❡r❡ ❤❛✈❡ t❤♦✉ ❣♦♥❡❄ ❏✉st ✇❤❡r❡ ❛rt t❤♦✉❄
❙✐♥❝❡ t❤② ♠✐♥❞ ❬✐s❪ ✐♥❞❡❡❞ ✐♥ ♠❛♥② ♣❧❛❝❡s✱
t❤♦✉ ❦❡❡♣ ❛r✐s✐♥❣✱ ❖ ❝❛✉s✐♥❣ t❤❡ t✉♠✉❧t ❬♦❢ ❜❛tt❧❡❪ ✇❛rr✐♦r✦
❖ str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞✲❜r❡❛❦❡r✦
❙♦♥❣s ✐♥ Gāyatrı̄ ♠❡t❡r ❤❛✈❡ st❛rt❡❞ t♦ ♣r❛✐s❡ ❬t❤❡❡❪✳
✽✳ ❋♦r ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ✐s ❛ ❜r❡❛❦❡r ♦❢ str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞s ♦❢ ❬❤✐s❪ ❛❞❤❡r❡♥t✱
❞♦ ②❡ r❡❝✐t❡ ❛ ❤②♠♥ ✐♥ Gāyatrı̄ ✈❡rs❡s ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ✇❤✐❝❤
❤❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❝♦♠❡ t♦ s❡tt❧❡ ♦♥t♦ Kan.va ❞❡s❝❡♥❞❛♥t✬s s❛❝r✐✜❝✐❛❧ ❣r❛ss✱
t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲✇✐❡❧❞❡r s❤❛❧❧ ♣✐❡r❝❡ str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞s✳
✶ ❢♦❧❧♦✇✐♥❣ ❬❏❛♠✐s♦♥ ❛♥❞ ❇r❡r❡t♦♥✱ ✷✵✶✹✱ ♣✳✶✵✷✷❪
✷ s❡♥s❡s
✽✽✹

yé te sánti daśagvı́nah. śatı́no yé sahasrı́n.ah. |

áśvāso yé te vŕ..san.o raghudrúvastébhirnastū´yamā´ gahi || 9 ||

ā´ tvàdyá sabardúghām

. huvé gāyatrávepasam |
ı́ndram . dhenúm . kŕ.tam || 10 ||
. sudúghāmányāmı́s.amurúdhārāmaram

yáttudátsū´ra étaśam
. vaṅkū´ vā´tasya parn.ı́nā |
váhatkútsamārjuneyám . śatákratuh. tsáradgandharvámástr.tam || 11 ||

yá .rté cidabhiśrı́s.ah. purā´ jatrúbhya ātŕ.dah. |

sám . dhātā sam
. dhı́m. maghávā purūvásur
ı́s.kartā vı́hrutam. púnah. || 12 ||

mā´ bhūma nı́s..tyā ivéndra tvádáran.ā iva |

vánāni ná prajahitā´nyadrivo durós.āso amanmahi || 13 ||

ámanmah´ı̄danāśávo ′nugrā´saśca vr.trahan |

sakŕ.tsú te mahatā´ śūra rā´dhasā ánu stómam
. mudı̄mahi || 14 ||
 ✽✽✺

✾✳ ❚❤♦s❡ t❤❛t ❛r❡ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❢♦r t❤❡❡ t❤❡ daśagva ✱ ✸

❬t❤♦s❡❪ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❛ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ❬✜❣❤t❡rs❪✱ t❤♦s❡ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❛ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞✱
t❤♦s❡ t❤❛t ❬❛r❡❪ ❢♦r t❤❡❡ st❡❡❞s✱ ❢❛st✲❝❤❛r❣✐♥❣ ❜✉❧❧s ✖
t❤r♦✉❣❤ t❤❡♠ ❝♦♠❡ ❤❡r❡ q✉✐❝❦❧② t♦ ✉s✳
✶✵✳ ◆♦✇ t❤❡♥✱ ■ ❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥ ②✐❡❧❞✐♥❣ s❛♣ ♦♥❡✱
❬❛♥❞❪ q✉✐✈❡r✐♥❣ ✇✐t❤ Gāyatrı̄ ✈❡rs❡s Indra✱
❛♥ ✐♥❡①❤❛✉st✐❜❧❡ ♠✐❧❝❤✲❝♦✇ t❤❛t ②✐❡❧❞✐♥❣✲♠✉❝❤ ♠✐❧❦✱
t❤❛t ✐s ❛ ❤❛✈✐♥❣✲❛♠♣❧❡✲str❡❛♠ ❧✐❜❛t✐♦♥✱ ❬❛♥❞❪ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ✐s r❡❛❞②✳
✖✖
✶✶✳ ❲❤❡♥ t❤❛t ✇❤✐❝❤ ✈✐✈✐✜❡s ✈❡①❡s ✢✐❝❦❡r✐♥❣ ♦♥❡
✹ ✺
❬❛♥❞❪ ❣♦✐♥❣ ❤✉rr✐❡❞❧② t✇♦ ✢❡t❝❤❡❞ ♦♥❡s ♦❢ t❤❡ ✇✐♥❞✱
✻ ✼
❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ✇✐❧❡s ♦♥❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❧❡❛❞ Kutsa Ārjuneya✱
✽
❤❡ s❤❛❧❧ s♥❡❛❦ ✉♣♦♥ ✉♥❞✐str❛❝t❡❞ Gandharva ✳ ✾
✶✷✳ ❲❤♦✱ ❜❡❝❛✉s❡ ♦❢ ♣✐❡r❝✐♥❣ ❬♠✐❞❞❧❡ ❝❛❦r❛s❪✱
❡✈❡♥ ❬♣✉ts❪ ✐♥t♦ ✜tt✐♥❣✲✇❡❧❧ ❬st❛t❡❪
❧✐❣❛♠❡♥ts t❤❛t ❛r❡ ♣r✐♦r t♦ ❝❛rt✐❧❛❣❡s ♦❢ t❤❡ ❜r❡❛st❜♦♥❡✱
✶✵
❤❡ ✇❤♦ ♣✉ts t♦❣❡t❤❡r t❤❡ ❥✉♥❝t✐♦♥ ✱ ❬✐s❪ t❤❡ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡✱
✶✶
♦♥❡ ♦❢ ♠❛♥② ❜❡♥❡✜ts✱ s❡tt✐♥❣ ❜❛❝❦ ✐♥ ♦r❞❡r ✇❤❛t ✇❛s ❞✐s❧♦❝❛t❡❞✳
✖✖
✶✸✳ ▼❛② ✇❡ ♥♦t ❜❡ ❧✐❦❡ ♦✉ts✐❞❡rs✱ ❖ Indra✱
❧✐❦❡ t❤♦s❡ ❞❡✈♦✐❞ ♦❢ ❬❝♦♠✐♥❣❪ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡❡ ❥♦②✦
❲❡ ❝♦♥s✐❞❡r❡❞ ♦✉rs❡❧✈❡s ❜❛❞✲❛t✲❜✉r♥✐♥❣✱
❧✐❦❡ ❞✐s❝❛r❞❡❞ t✐♠❜❡rs✱ ❖ st♦♥❡✲✇✐❡❧❞❡r✦
✶✹✳ ❲❡ ❥✉st t❤♦✉❣❤t ♦❢ ♦✉rs❡❧✈❡s ❛s ❧❛❝❦✐♥❣ s♣❡❡❞
❛♥❞ ❧❛❝❦✐♥❣ ❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s♥❡ss✱ ❖ s❧❛②❡r ♦❢ Vr.tra✦
❙✉❞❞❡♥❧②✱ ❜❡❝❛✉s❡ ♦❢ t❤② ❛♠♣❧❡ s❛t✐s❢❛❝t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❬♦✉r❪ ❞❡s✐r❡✱
✇❡ ❝♦✉❧❞ ✇❡❧❧ r❡❥♦✐❝❡ ✐♥ ♣r❛✐s✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡❡❪ ✇✐t❤ ❛ ❤②♠♥✱
❖ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✦
✖✖

✸ ♣r♦❜✳ t❤❡ manipūra ❝❛❦r❛

.
✹ ❤❡r❡ ❂ Soma ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✾✳✻✻✳✶✽❛✱ ✾✳✾✶✳✸❞
✺ ✐♥♥❡r Agni
✻ ❧✐t✳ ✏❤❛✈✐♥❣ ✇✐♥❣s✑
✼ t✇♦ ❧✉♥❣s
✽ Indra
✾ ❤❡r❡ ❂ ✐♠♠❡❞✐❛t❡ s❤❛r♣ s❡♥s❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ s♠❡❧❧ ✐♥s✐❞❡ ♥♦str✐❧s t❤❛t ✐s ♥♦t ❝❛✉s❡❞
❜② ❛ s✉❜st❛♥❝❡ ✐♥ t❤❡ ❛✐r
✶✵ st❡r♥♦❝♦st❛❧ ❥♦✐♥ts
✶✶ ♣r♦❜✳ ✏st❡r♥✉♠✑
✽✽✻

yádi stómam . máma śrávadasmā´kamı́ndramı́ndavah. |

. sasr.vā´m
tiráh. pavı́tram . sa āśávo mándantu tugryāvŕ.dhah. || 15 ||

ā´ tvàdyá sadhástutim

. vāvā´tuh. sákhyurā´ gahi |
úpastutirmaghónām . prá tvāvatvádhā te vaśmi sus..tutı́m || 16 ||

sótā hı́ sómamádribhirémenamapsú dhāvata |

gavyā´ vástreva vāsáyanta ı́nnáro nı́rdhuks.anvaks.án.ābhyah. || 17 ||

ádha jmó ádha vā divó br.ható rocanā´dádhi |

ayā´ vardhasva tanvā` girā´ mámā´ jātā´ sukrato pr.n.a || 18 ||

ı́ndrāya sú madı́ntamam . sómam . sotā váren.yam |

. pı̄payadvı́śvayā dhiyā´ hinvānám
śakrá en.am . ná vājayúm || 19 ||

mā´ tvā sómasya gáldayā sádā yā´cannahám

. girā´ |
´
bhūrn.im . mr.gám
. ná sávanes.u cukrudham.
ká ´ı̄śānam. ná yācis.at || 20 ||
 ✽✽✼

✶✺✳ ❙❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❡ ❤❡❛r ♠② ❤②♠♥ ♦❢ ♣r❛✐s❡✱

❧❡t ♦✉r ❞r♦♣s ♦❢ ♣✉r❡ Soma✱
♠♦✈✐♥❣ q✉✐❝❦❧②✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❣❧✐❞❡❞ ❛❝r♦ss t❤❡ ✜❧t❡r✱
str❡♥❣t❤❡♥✐♥❣ Tugrya✱ ✐♥✢❛♠❡ Indra✦
✶✻✳ ◆♦✇ t❤❡♥✱ ❞♦ t❤♦✉ ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤ ❛ ❥♦✐♥t ♣r❛✐s❡
♦❢ ❬t❤②❪ ❛❞❤❡r❡♥t ❬❛♥❞❪ ♦❢ ❬t❤②❪ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥✦
▼❛② ✐♥✈✐t❛t♦r② ♣r❛✐s❡ ♦❢ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡s ❤❡❧♣ t❤❡❡ t♦ ♣r♦❝❡❡❞✱
t❤❡♥ ■ ✇✐❧❧ ❤❛✈❡ ❛t ❬♠②❪ ❝♦♠♠❛♥❞
❛ ❝♦rr❡❝t❧② ❛rt✐❝✉❧❛t❡❞ ♣r❛✐s❡ ❢♦r t❤❡❡✳
✖✖
✶✼✳ ❖♥❝❡ t❤❡ ♣r❡ss❡r ❬❤❛s ♣r❡ss❡❞ ♦✉t❪ Soma ✇✐t❤ st♦♥❡s✱
②❡ s❤❛❧❧ str❡❛♠ ✐t ✐♥t♦ ✇❛t❡r✱
♦♥❧② ♠❛❦✐♥❣ ✐t ✇❡❛r r❡❧❛t❡❞ t♦ ❝♦✇s ❝❧♦t❤❡s ✖
✶✷
♠❡♥ s❤❛❧❧ ❡①tr❛❝t ✐t ❢r♦♠ ✉❞❞❡rs✱
✶✽✳ t❤❡♥✱ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤✱ t❤❡♥ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥
❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ♣r❡s❡♥❝❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❜r✐❣❤t ❣❧♦✇✳
❚❤✐s ✇❛② ❜❡❝♦♠❡ str♦♥❣❡r t❤r♦✉❣❤♦✉t t❤❡ ❜♦❞② ✖
❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ♠② ❝❤❛♥t✦
❙❛t✐❛t❡ ❝r❡❛t✉r❡s ✱ ❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❣♦♦❞ ❞❡s✐❣♥s ♦♥❡✦
✶✸
✖✖
✶✾✳ ❋♦r Indra ❞♦ ②❡ ♣r❡ss q✉✐❝❦❧②
t❤❡ ❜❡st✱ ♠♦st ✐♥t♦①✐❝❛t✐♥❣ Soma✦
❊♠♣♦✇❡r✐♥❣✱ ❤❡ s❤❛❧❧ s✇❡❧❧ ❤✐♠
❬✇❤♦❪ ✇✐t❤ ❡✈❡r② ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥
❬✐s❪ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ t❤❡ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r ❛s ✐❢ ❜❡✐♥❣ ✐♠♣❡❧❧❡❞✳
✷✵✳ ▼❛② ■✱ ✇❤♦ ✐s ❛❧✇❛②s ❛s❦✐♥❣ t❤❡❡ ❜② ♦♦③✐♥❣ Soma✱
♥♦t ❛♥❣❡r ✇✐t❤ ❬♠②❪ ❝❤❛♥t ❬t❤❡❡❪✱
✇❤♦ ❛t Soma✲♣r❡ss✐♥❣s ✐s r❡st❧❡ss ❧✐❦❡ ❛ ✇✐❧❞ ❜❡❛st✦
❲❤♦ ✇♦✉❧❞ ♥♦t ❛s❦ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ✐s ✐♥ ❝❤❛r❣❡ ♦❢ ✐t❄✦
✖✖

✶✷ ❝♦✇ ♠✐❧❦
✶✸ ❡❛rt❤❧② ❛♥❞ ❝❡❧❡st✐❛❧
✽✽✽

mádenes.itám . mádamugrámugrén.a śávasā |

vı́śves.ām
. tarut ā´ram . máde hı́ .smā dádāti nah. || 21 ||
. madacyútam

śévāre vā´ryā purú devó mártāya dāśús.e |

sá sunvaté ca stuvaté ca rāsate viśvágūrto aris..tutáh. || 22 ||

éndra yāhi mátsva citrén.a deva rā´dhasā |

. sápı̄tibhirā´ sómebhirurú sphirám || 23 ||
sáro ná prāsyudáram

ā´ tvā sahásramā´ śatám

. yuktā´ ráthe hiran.yáye |
brahmayújo háraya indra keśı́no váhantu sómapı̄taye || 24 ||

ā´ tvā ráthe hiran.yáye hárı̄ mayū´raśepyā |

śitipr..s.thā´ vahatām
. mádhvo ándhaso viváks.an.asya pı̄táye || 25 ||

pı́bā tvàsyá girvan.ah. sutásya pūrvapā´ iva |

páris.kr.tasya rası́na iyámāsutı́ścā´rurmádāya patyate || 26 ||
 ✽✽✾

✷✶✳ ❬❆s❦ ❪ t❤❡ ✐♥t♦①✐❝❛t✐♥❣ ❞r✐♥❦ ❢♦r ❤✐♠

✶✹
✇❤♦ ✐s ❞r✐✈❡♥ ❜② t❤❡ ✐♥t♦①✐❝❛t✐♥❣ ❞r✐♥❦✦
❬❆s❦❪ ♦♦③✐♥❣✲✇✐t❤✲❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t✐♦♥ ❡✈❡r②♦♥❡✬s ❞❡❧✐✈❡r❡r ✶✺
❬❢♦r ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ✐s❪ ❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s
t❤r♦✉❣❤ ❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s ♣♦✇❡r✲t♦✲❝❤❛♥❣❡ ✖
s✐♥❝❡ ✐♥ ❬t❤❛t❪ ✐♥t♦①✐❝❛t✐♦♥ ❤❡ ❬✇✐❧❧❪ ❣✐✈❡ t♦ ✉s ❬t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡❪✳
✷✷✳ ■♥ ❬❤✐s❪ tr❡❛s✉r② ❬t❤❡r❡ ❛r❡❪ ♠❛♥② ♣r❡❝✐♦✉s t❤✐♥❣s ❬t❤❛t❪
t❤❡ deva✱ ✇❡❧❝♦♠❡❞✲❜②✲❡✈❡r②♦♥❡✱
❡①t♦❧❧❡❞ ❜② r✐s✐♥❣ ✉♣✇❛r❞s ♦♥❡ ✱✶✻
✇✐❧❧ ②✐❡❧❞ ❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ ♠♦rt❛❧ ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡r
✇❤♦ ✐s ♣r❡ss✐♥❣ ❬Soma❪ ❛♥❞ ❡①t♦❧❧✐♥❣ ❬❤✐♠❪✳
✖✖
✷✸✳ ❏♦✉r♥❡② ❤❡r❡✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t❡❞✱ ❖ deva✱
✇✐t❤ ❬t❤✐s❪ ❝♦♥s♣✐❝✉♦✉s s❛t✐s❢❛❝t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❬t❤②❪ ❞❡s✐r❡✦
❍❡r❡ t❤♦✉ ❬✇✐❧❧❪ ✜❧❧ ❧✐❦❡ ❛ ♣♦♥❞ s♣❛❝✐♦✉s ❢❛t ❜❡❧❧②
✇✐t❤ t♦✲❜❡✲❞r✉♥❦ Soma ❥✉✐❝❡s✳
✷✹✳ ▲❡t ❤❡r❡ ❛ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞✱ ❬♦r❪ ❛ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞
♦❢ ②♦❦❡❞ ✐♥t♦ ❡♥❝❤❛♥t✐♥❣ ❝❤❛r✐♦t✱
②♦❦❡❞✲❜②✲❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥ ❤❛✐r② t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s
❝♦♥✈❡② t❤❡❡ t♦ ❞r✐♥❦ Soma✦
✖✖
✷✺✳ ❚✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s✱ ❬②♦❦❡❞❪ ✐♥t♦ ❡♥❝❤❛♥t✐♥❣ ❝❤❛r✐♦t✱
✇✐t❤ s❦✐♥ ✭❄✮ ❧✐❦❡ ♣❡❛❝♦❝❦✬s✱ ✇❤✐t❡✲❜❛❝❦❡❞ ✭❄✮✱
s❤❛❧❧ ❝♦♥✈❡② t❤❡❡ ❤❡r❡ t♦ ❞r✐♥❦
str❡♥❣t❤❡♥✐♥❣ ❤♦♥❡②❡❞ ❤❡r❜✳
✷✻✳ ❉r✐♥❦ ♥♦✇ t❤✐s ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❬Soma❪✱
❖ ❧♦♥❣✐♥❣ ❢♦r ❛ s♦♥❣ ♦♥❡✱ ❛s t❤❡ ✜rst ♦♥❡ t♦ ❞r✐♥❦✦
❚❤✐s ❢❛✈♦r✐t❡ ♠✐①t✉r❡ ♦❢ ❢✉❧❧ ♦❢ s❛♣ s✉rr♦✉♥❞❡❞ ❬❜② ♠✐❧❦❪
❬Soma❪ ✐s ✜t t♦ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t❡✳
✖✖

✶✹ ihi
✶✺ Soma
✶✻ ✐♥♥❡r Soma
✽✾✵

yá éko ásti dam . sánā mahā´m̃. ugró abhı́ vratáıh. |

gámatsá śipr´ı̄ ná sá yos.adā´ gamaddhávam . ná pári varjati || 27 ||

tvám
. púram . caris.n.vàm . pin.ak |
. vadháıh. śús.n.asya sám
. bhā´ ánu caro ádha dvitā´ yádindra hávyo bhúvah. || 28 ||
tvám

máma tvā sū´ra údite máma madhyám . dine diváh. |

máma prapitvé apiśarvaré vasavā´ stómāso avr.tsata || 29 ||

stuhı́ stuh´ı̄deté ghā te mám

. his..thāso maghónām |
ninditā´śvah. prapath´ı̄ paramajyā´ maghásya medhyātithe || 30 ||

ā´ yádáśvānvánanvatah. śraddháyāhám

. ráthe ruhám |
utá vāmásya vásunaściketati yó ásti yā´dvah. paśúh. || 31 ||

yá .rjrā´ máhyam. māmahé sahá tvacā´ hiran.yáyā |

es.á vı́śvānyabhyàstu saubhagāsa
´ ṅgásya svanádrathah. || 32 ||

ádha plā´yogiráti dāsadanyā´nāsaṅgó agne daśábhih. sahásraih. |

ádhoks.án.o dáśa máhyam . rúśanto
na..dā´ iva sáraso nı́ratis..than || 33 ||

ánvasya sthūrám . dadr.śe purástādanasthá ūrúravarámbamān.ah. |

śáśvatı̄ nā´ryabhicáks.yāha súbhadramarya bhójanam . bibhars.i || 34 ||
 ✽✾✶

✷✼✳ ❲❤♦ ❛❧♦♥❡ ✐s t❤r♦✉❣❤ ❬t❤❛t❪ ✇♦♥❞r♦✉s ❬♣♦✇❡r❪

♠✐❣❤t②✱ ❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s✱ ❡①❝❡❧❧✐♥❣ t❤r♦✉❣❤♦✉t r❡❛❧♠s ❬♦❢ ✇❛r❪✱
❤❡✱ ❜❡✐♥❣ s❡❧❡❝t✐✈❡✱ s❤❛❧❧ ❝♦♠❡✱ ❤❡ s❤❛❧❧ ♥♦t ❞❡♣❛rt✱
❤❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❝♦♠❡ ❤❡r❡✱ ❤❡ ❞♦❡s ♥♦t ❛✈♦✐❞ ❬♦✉r❪ ❝❛❧❧✳
✷✽✳ ❲✐t❤ ❬t❤②❪ ❞❡❛❞❧② ✇❡❛♣♦♥s t❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ s❤❛tt❡r
♠♦✈✐♥❣✲❛r♦✉♥❞ str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞ ♦❢ Śus.n.a✳
❚❤♦✉✱ t❤❡ ❜r✐❣❤t♥❡ss ❬❛r♦✉♥❞ ❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣❪✱ s❤❛❧❧ ❛tt❡♥❞ ❬t♦ ✉s❪ ✖
❡s♣❡❝✐❛❧❧② ♥♦✇✱ ✇❤❡♥ t❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡ s✉♠♠♦♥❡❞✳
✖✖
✷✾✳ ▼② ❤②♠♥s ♦❢ ♣r❛✐s❡ ❛t t❤❡ r✐s✐♥❣ ♦❢ t❤❡ s✉♥✱
♠② ❛t ♠✐❞❞❛②✱ ♠② ✐♥ t❤❡ ❡✈❡♥✐♥❣✱
♠② ❬♣r❛✐s❡s❪ ❞✉r✐♥❣ t❤❡ t✇✐❧✐❣❤t✱
❤❛✈❡ t✉r♥❡❞ ❤❡r❡ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧ ♦♥❡✦
✸✵✳ ❊①t♦❧✱ ❥✉st ❡①t♦❧ ❬t❤❡♠❪✦ ❚❤❡s❡ ♦♥❡s ✐♥❞❡❡❞
❬❛r❡❪ t❤❡ ♠♦st ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s t♦ t❤❡❡ ❛♠♦♥❣ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡s ✖
Ninditāśva✱ Prapathin✱ Paramajyā
❬♣❛rt❛❦✐♥❣❪ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❜♦✉♥t②✱ ❖ Medhyātithi✦
✖✖
✸✶✳ ❲❤❡♥ ✇✐t❤ ❛❝ts ♦❢ tr✉st ■ ✇✐❧❧ ❢❛st❡♥
✇✐♥♥✐♥❣ ❤♦rs❡s t♦ t❤❡ ❝❤❛r✐♦t✱
❤❡ t❛❦❡s ♥♦t✐❝❡ ♦❢ ✇❤❛t ✐s ❧♦✈❡❧② ❛♥❞ ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧ ✖
t❤❛t ✐s Yādu✬s ❤❡r❞✳
✸✷✳ ❲❤♦ ❤❛s r❡❥♦✐❝❡❞ ❬t♦ ❣✐✈❡❪ t♦ ♠❡ t✇♦ ❣♦✐♥❣✲str❛✐❣❤t ❬st❡❡❞s❪
t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ❣♦❧❞❡♥ ❤✐❞❡✱
♠❛② ❤❡✱ Svanadratha ❬s♦♥❪ ♦❢ Āsaṅga✱
❜❡ ❞❡st✐♥❡❞ ❢♦r ❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣ ❛✉s♣✐❝✐♦✉s✦
✖✖
✸✸✳ ❚❤❡♥ Āsaṅga Plāyogi ✇♦✉❧❞ ❣✐✈❡ ❜❡②♦♥❞ ♦t❤❡rs✱
❖ Agni✱ ❜② ❤✉♥❞r❡❞s✱ ❜② t❤♦✉s❛♥❞s✳
❚❤❡♥ t❡♥ ✇❤✐t❡ s♣r✐♥❦❧✐♥❣ ♦♥❡s
st♦♦❞ ♦✉t ❢♦r ♠❡ ❧✐❦❡ r❡❡❞s✳
✸✹✳ ❙❤❡ ❤❛s ♦❜s❡r✈❡❞ ❜❡❢♦r❡ t❤❡ s✉❜st❛♥t✐❛❧ ❬♣❛rt❪ ♦❢ t❤✐s ♦♥❡ ✖
❤❛♥❣✐♥❣ ❞♦✇♥ ❜♦♥❡❧❡ss s❤❛♥❦✳
❚❤❡ ✐♥❝❡ss❛♥t ✇♦♠❛♥✱ ❧♦♦❦✐♥❣ ❛t ❬✐t❪✱ ❤❛s s❛✐❞✱
✏❖ t♦✲❜❡✲r❛✐s❡❞ ♦♥❡✱ t❤♦✉ ❜r✐♥❣ ❛✉s♣✐❝✐♦✉s ❡♥❥♦②♠❡♥t✦✑
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✽✳✷

Medhātithi Kān.va ❛♥❞ Priyamedha Āṅgirasa | Gāyatrı̄ ❡①❝❡♣t ✷✽

Anus..tubh | t♦ Indra

idám. vaso sutámándhah. pı́bā súpūrn.amudáram |

ánābhayinrarimā´ te || 1 ||

nŕ.bhirdhūtáh. sutó áśnairávyo vā´raih. páripūtah. |

áśvo ná niktó nad´ı̄.su || 2 ||

tám
. te yávam. yáthā góbhih. svādúmakarma śrı̄n.ántah. |
ı́ndra tvāsmı́nsadhamā´de || 3 ||

ı́ndra ı́tsomapā´ éka ı́ndrah. sutapā´ viśvā´yuh. |

antárdevā´nmártyām̃. śca || 4 ||

. śukró ná dúrāśı̄rná tr.prā´ uruvyácasam |

ná yám
apaspr.n.vaté suhā´rdam || 5 ||

góbhiryádı̄manyé asmánmr.gám . ná vrā´ mr.gáyante |

abhitsáranti dhenúbhih. || 6 ||

tráya ı́ndrasya sómāh. sutā´sah. santu devásya |

své ks.áye sutapā´vnah. || 7 ||

tráyah. kóśāsa ścotanti tisráścamvàh. súpūrn.āh. |

samāné ádhi bhā´rman || 8 ||

śúcirasi purunis..thā´h. ks.ı̄ráırmadhyatá ā´śı̄rtah. |

dadhnā´ mándis..thah. śū´rasya || 9 ||
 ✽✾✸

✶✳ ❖ ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧ ♦♥❡✱ ❞r✐♥❦ t❤✐s ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❥✉✐❝❡ ✖

✇❡ ❤❛✈❡ ❣r❛♥t❡❞ t❤❡❡ ❛ ❢✉❧❧ ❜❡❧❧②✱
❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ♥♦ ❢❡❛r ♦♥❡✦
✷✳ ❆❣✐t❛t❡❞ ❜② ♠❡♥ ❬♦♥❡ ❪ ❬✇❛s❪ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ✇✐t❤ st♦♥❡s
✶
str❛✐♥❡❞ t❤r♦✉❣❤ ✇♦♦❧❡♥ t❤r❡❛❞s ❬♦♥❡ ❪ ❬✇❛s❪
✷
❧✐❦❡ ❛ ❤♦rs❡ ❝❧❡❛♥s❡❞ ✐♥ ✢♦✇✐♥❣ ✇❛t❡rs✳
✸✳ ❚❤❛t ♦♥❡ ✇❡✱ ♠✐①✐♥❣ ❬✐t❪ ✇✐t❤ ♠✐❧❦ ❧✐❦❡ ❜❛r❧❡②✱
❤❛✈❡ ♠❛❞❡ ♣❛❧❛t❛❜❧❡ ❢♦r t❤❡❡✳
❖ Indra✱ ❬✇❡ str✐✈❡ t♦ ♦❜t❛✐♥❪t❤❡❡ ❛t t❤✐s ❞r✐♥❦✐♥❣ ❜♦✉t✦
✖✖
✹✳ ❏✉st Indra✱ t❤❡ ♦♥❡ ❬✇❤♦ ✐s❪ ❛ Soma✲❞r✐♥❦❡r✱
Indra ❬✇❤♦ ✐s❪ ❛ ❞r✐♥❦❡r ♦❢ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❬❥✉✐❝❡❪✱
❬✐s❪ t❤❡ ❛❧❧✲♣❡r✈❛❞✐♥❣ ❧✐❢❡✲❢♦r❝❡ ✐♥s✐❞❡ deva✲s ❛♥❞ ♠♦rt❛❧s✳
✺✳ ◆❡✐t❤❡r tr❛♥s❧✉❝❡♥t ♦♥❡ ✱ ♥♦r ♣♦♦r❧② ♠✐①❡❞ ♦♥❡
✸ ✹
❛r❡ ❤❡❧♣✐♥❣ t♦ s❛t✐❛t❡ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ✐s ❡①t❡♥❞✐♥❣ ✇✐❞❡❧②❀
t❤❡② ❬❥✉st❪ ❡①tr✐❝❛t❡ t❤❡ ❜❡♥❡✈♦❧❡♥t ♦♥❡ ❬❢r♦♠ ❛♣❛t❤②❪✳
✻✳ ❲❤❡♥ ✇✐t❤ ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s t❤♦s❡✱ ♦t❤❡rs t❤❛♥ ✉s✱
✺
❤✉♥t ❤✐♠ ❧✐❦❡ ♣❛❝❦ ❤✉♥t❡rs ❬❤✉♥t❪ ❛ ✇✐❧❞ ❜❡❛st ✖
t❤❡② ❜❛✐t ❬❤✐♠❪ ✇✐t❤ ♠✐❧❦✳
✼✳ Indra✬s t❤r❡❡ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ Soma✲s
❛r❡ ✐♥ deva✬s ♦✇♥ ❛❜♦❞❡
♦❢ ❛ ❞r✐♥❦❡r ♦❢ ♣r❡ss❡❞ ♦✉t ❬❥✉✐❝❡❪✳
✽✳ ❚❤❡❡ s✉❜t❧❡ ❜♦❞✐❡s ♦♦③❡ ❬Soma❪✱
t❤r❡❡ ✇❡❧❧✲✜❧❧❡❞ ❜♦✇❧s ❬❛r❡❪
♦♥ t❤❡ s❛♠❡ t❛❜❧❡✳
✾✳ ❙❤✐♥✐♥❣✱ t❤♦✉ ❛r❡ ♠❛♥② ❝❡rt❛✐♥ ❜✐ts ♦❢ ❦♥♦✇❧❡❞❣❡❀
✻
❬✇❤❡♥ t❤♦✉ ❛r❡❪ ♠✐①❡❞ ✇✐t❤ t❤✐❝❦❡♥❡❞ ♠✐❧❦
❬t❤♦✉ ❛r❡❪ ✐♥ t❤❡ ♠✐❞❞❧❡ ❀ ✼
♠✐①❡❞ ✇✐t❤ ❝♦❛❣✉❧❛t❡❞ ♠✐❧❦ ❬t❤♦✉ ❛r❡❪
t❤❡ ♠♦st ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t✐♥❣ ❬❞r✐♥❦❪ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✳

✶ ✐♥♥❡r Soma
✷ Soma ❥✉✐❝❡ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ❤❡r❜
✸ ❞r♦♣s ♦❢ Soma ✐♥ t❤❡ ✇❛t❡r
✹ Soma✲❥✉✐❝❡ ✐♥s✉✣❝✐❡♥t❧② ♠✐①❡❞ ✇✐t❤ ♠✐❧❦
✺ ❧✐t✳ ✏❝♦✇s✑
✻ Soma
✼ ❜❡t✇❡❡♥ ❣✐✈✐♥❣ ❦♥♦✇❧❡❞❣❡ ❛♥❞ ❝❛✉s✐♥❣ Indra✬s ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t✐♦♥
✽✾✹

imé ta indra sómāstı̄vrā´ asmé sutā´sah. |

śukrā´ āśı́ram
. yācante || 10 ||

tā´m̃ . puro..dā´śamı́ndremám
. āśı́ram . śrı̄n.ı̄hi |
. sómam
revántam . hı́ tvā śr.n.ómi || 11 ||

hr.tsú pı̄tā´so yudhyante durmádāso ná súrāyām |

ū´dharná nagnā´ jarante || 12 ||

revā´m̃
. ı́dreváta stotā´ syā´ttvā´vato maghónah. |
prédu harivah. śrutásya || 13 ||

ukthám. caná śasyámānamágorarı́rā´ ciketa |

. gı̄yámānam || 14 ||
ná gāyatrám

mā´ na indra pı̄yatnáve mā´ śárdhate párā dāh. |

śı́ks.ā śacı̄vah. śácı̄bhih. || 15 ||

vayámu tvā tadı́darthā ı́ndra tvāyántah. sákhāyah. |

kán.vā ukthébhirjarante || 16 ||

ná ghemanyádā´ papana vájrinnapáso návis..tau |

. ciketa || 17 ||
távédu stómam

ichánti devā´h. sunvántam

. ná svápnāya spr.hayanti |
yánti pramā´damátandrāh. || 18 ||

ó .sú prá yāhi vā´jebhirmā´ hr.n.ı̄thā abhyàsmā´n |

mahā´m̃ . iva yúvajānih. || 19 ||

. karadāré asmát |
mó .svàdyá durhán.āvānsāyám
aśrı̄rá iva jā´mātā || 20 ||
 ✽✾✺

✶✵✳ ❚❤❡s❡ ♣✉♥❣❡♥t ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❛♠♦♥❣ ✉s

Soma ❞r♦♣s✱ ❬t❤❛t ❛r❡❪ ❢♦r t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Indra✱
t❤❡②✱ tr❛♥s❧✉❝❡♥t✱ ♥❡❡❞ t♦ ❜❡ ♠✐①❡❞ ❬✇✐t❤ ♠✐❧❦❪✳
✶✶✳ ❖ Indra✱ ❞♦ t❤♦✉ ♠✐① t❤❡s❡ ✖
✽
t❤✐s Soma✱ ♠✐❧❦✱ ❬❛♥❞❪ s❛❝r✐✜❝✐❛❧ ❝❛❦❡✱
s✐♥❝❡ ■ ❤❡❛r t❤♦✉ ❬❛r❡❪ ✇❡❛❧t❤②✳
✶✷✳ ❲❤❡♥ t❤❡② ❤❛✈❡ ❜❡❡♥ ❞r✉♥❦✱ t❤❡② ✜❣❤t ✐♥ t❤❡ ❤❡❛rts ❬♦❢ ♠❡♥❪
❧✐❦❡ ♠❛❞ ❝♦♥❝❡♣t✐♦♥s ❬❞♦❪ ✇❤❡♥ ✇✐♥❡ ❬❤❛s ❜❡❡♥ ❞r✉♥❦❪❀
t❤❡② ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤ ❬Indra❪ ❧✐❦❡ ♥❛❦❡❞ t❤❡ ❜r❡❛st✳
✾
✖✖
✶✸✳ ❖♥❧② ❛ ✇❡❛❧t❤② ♦♥❡ ❝❛♥ ❜❡ ❛ ❤②♠♥✲s✐♥❣❡r
♦❢ t❤❡ ✇❡❛❧t❤② ❛♥❞ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡ ❧✐❦❡ t❤❡❡✱
♦♥❧② ❬♦♥❡ ✇❤♦ ✐s❪ ✐♥ ❢r♦♥t ❬♦❢ ♦t❤❡rs❪ ✖ ♦❢ ❢❛♠♦✉s ❬❧✐❦❡ t❤❡❡❪✱
❖ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞✲❜②✲t❛✇♥②✲♦♥❡s ♦♥❡✦
✶✹✳ ❚❤❡ r✐s✐♥❣ ✉♣✇❛r❞s ♦♥❡ ❤❛s ♥♦t ♥♦t✐❝❡❞
♥❡✐t❤❡r ❛ r❡❝✐t❡❞ ✈❡rs❡ ❢r♦♠ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ❧❛❝❦s ❝♦✇s
♥♦r ❛ ❤②♠♥ ✐♥ Gāyatrı̄ ✈❡rs❡s ❜❡✐♥❣ s✉♥❣✳
✶✺✳ ❉♦ ♥♦t ❜❡tr❛② ✉s t♦ ❛ s❝♦r♥❢✉❧ ♦♥❡✱
t♦ ❛ ❞❡✜❛♥t ♦♥❡✱ ❖ Indra✦
❉♦ ✇✐s❤ t♦ ❤❡❧♣ ❬✉s❪ ✇✐t❤ ❬t❤②❪ ❡♥❛❜❧✐♥❣ ♣♦✇❡rs✱
❖ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② ❡♥❛❜❧✐♥❣ ♣♦✇❡rs ♦♥❡✦
✖✖
✶✻✳ ❲❡ ❬❛r❡❪ ✐♥t❡♥t ♦♥ ❬❛tt❛✐♥✐♥❣❪ t❤❡❡✱
❖ Indra✱ ❬✇❡✱❪ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ t❤❡❡ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s✳
Kan.va✲s ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤ ❬t❤❡❡❪ ✇✐t❤ r❡❝✐t❡❞ ✈❡rs❡s✳
✶✼✳ ■ ❤❛✈❡ ♠❛r✈❡❧❡❞ ❛t ♥♦t❤✐♥❣ ❡❧s❡✱ ❖ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲✇✐❡❧❞❡r✱
✇❤❡♥ ❡♥❞❡❛✈♦✉r✐♥❣✱ ❜❡❝❛✉s❡ ♦❢ ✢✉✐❞ ❬st❛t❡ ♦❢ ♠✐♥❞❪✱
t♦ ♦❜t❛✐♥ ❛ ❜♦❛t ✱ ✶✵
■ ❤❛✈❡ ✜①❡❞ t❤❡ ♠✐♥❞ ✉♣♦♥ ❛ ❤②♠♥ ♦❢ ♣r❛✐s❡ ♦❢ t❤❡❡✳
✶✽✳ Deva✲s s❡❡❦ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ♣r❡ss❡s ❬Soma❪✱
t❤❡② ❛r❡ ♥♦t ❡❛❣❡r t♦ s❧❡❡♣✱
✉♥t✐r✐♥❣✱ t❤❡② ❣♦ t♦✇❛r❞s ❝❛r❡❧❡ss♥❡ss✳
✶✾✳ ❙❡t ♦✉t q✉✐❝❦❧② ❤❡r❡ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ r✉s❤❡s ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱
❞♦ ♥♦t ❜❡ ❛♥❣r② ✇✐t❤ ✉s
❜❡✐♥❣ ✈✐♦❧❡♥t ❛s s♦♠❡♦♥❡ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❛ ②♦✉♥❣ ✇✐❢❡✳
✷✵✳ ▼❛② ❤❡ ♥♦t t♦❞❛② s♣❡♥❞ t❤❡ ❡✈❡♥✐♥❣
❝♦♥t❡♠♣❧❛t✐♥❣ ❤❛r♠ ❬♦r❪ ❢❛r ❛✇❛② ❢r♦♠ ✉s
❧✐❦❡ ❛♥ ✉❣❧② ♠❛❦❡r ♦❢ ♦✛s♣r✐♥❣s✳
✽ ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡r
✾ ❂ ♥❡✇❜♦r♥s
✶✵ ✜❣✉r❛t✐✈❡ ❜♦❛t ❛❝r♦ss t❤❡ r✐✈❡r ♦❢ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❝❤❛♦s
✽✾✻

vidmā´ hyasya vı̄rásya bhūridā´varı̄m

. sumatı́m |
. si || 21 ||
tris.ú jātásya mánām

ā´ tū´ .siñca kán.vamantam . ná ghā vidma śavasānā´t |

yaśástaram . śatámūteh. || 22 ||

. vı̄rā´ya śakrā´ya |
jyés..thena sotarı́ndrāya sómam
bhárā pı́bannáryāya || 23 ||

yó védis..tho avyathı́s.váśvāvantam . jaritŕ.bhyah. |

vā´jam
. stotŕ
. bhyo gómantam || 24 ||

pányampanyamı́tsotāra ā´ dhāvata mádyāya |

sómam. vı̄rā´ya śū´rāya || 25 ||

pā´tā vr.trahā´ sutámā´ ghā gamannā´ré asmát |

nı́ yamate śatámūtih. || 26 ||

éhá hárı̄ brahmayújā śagmā´ vaks.atah. sákhāyam |

. gı́rvan.asam || 27 ||
gı̄rbhı́h. śrutám

svādávah. sómā ā´ yāhi śrı̄tā´h. sómā ā´ yāhi |

śı́prinnŕ..sı̄vah. śácı̄vo nā´yámáchā sadhamā´dam || 28 ||

stútaśca yā´stvā várdhanti mahé rā´dhase nr.mn.ā´ya |

ı́ndra kārı́n.am. vr.dhántah. || 29 ||

gı́raśca yā´ste girvāha ukthā´ ca túbhyam

. tā´ni |
satrā´ dadhiré śávām
. si || 30 ||
 ✽✾✼

✷✶✳ ❙✐♥❝❡ ✇❡ ❤❛✈❡ ❢♦✉♥❞ ♠✉♥✐✜❝❡♥t

❡✛❡❝t✐✈❡ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❣❡st✉r❡ ♦❢ t❤✐s ❤❡r♦✱
✐♥❝❧✐♥❛t✐♦♥s ♦❢ ❜♦r♥ ✐♥ t❤r❡❡ ❬♣❧❛❝❡s❪ ♦♥❡✱
✷✷✳ ❞♦ t❤♦✉ ✇❡t ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ✐s ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② Kan.va✦
❲❡ ❤❛✈❡ ♥♦t ❢♦✉♥❞ ♠♦r❡ ✇♦rt❤② ♦♥❡ t❤❛♥ ❤❡
✇❤♦ ✐s ❝❤❛♥❣✐♥❣ ♣♦✇❡r❢✉❧❧②✱ ✇❤♦ ❤❛s ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❤❡❧♣✐♥❣✳
✷✸✳ ❲✐t❤ t❤❡ ♠♦st ❡①❝❡❧❧❡♥t ❬✈❡rs❡❪✱ ❖ ♣r❡ss❡r✱ ❞♦ ❜r✐♥❣ Soma
❢♦r ❡♠♣♦✇❡r✐♥❣ ❤❡r♦ Indra ✖
❤❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❞r✐♥❦ ❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ ♠❛♥❧② ❬✇♦r❦❪
✷✹✳ ✇❤♦ ❬✐s❪ ❜❡st ❛t ♣r♦❝✉r✐♥❣ t❤❡ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r t❤❛t ✐s
r✐❝❤ ✐♥ ❤♦rs❡s ❢♦r ✐♥✈♦❦❡rs ❛♠♦♥❣ ✉♥✇❛✈❡r✐♥❣ ♦♥❡s✱
✶✶
r✐❝❤ ✐♥ ❝♦✇s ❢♦r ❤②♠♥✲s✐♥❣❡rs ❬❛♠♦♥❣ ✉♥✇❛✈❡r✐♥❣ ♦♥❡s❪✳
✶✷
✖✖
✷✺✳ ❖ ♣r❡ss❡rs✱ str❡❛♠
❡✈❡r② ❜✐t ❛st♦♥✐s❤✐♥❣ Soma
❢♦r t♦✲❜❡✲❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t❡❞ ❤❡r♦✱ t❤❡ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✦
✷✻✳ ❙❧❛②✐♥❣✲Vr.tra ❞r✐♥❦❡r
s❤❛❧❧ ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤ ♣r❡ss❡❞ ♦✉t ❬Soma❪ ✖
❤❡ ✇❤♦ ❤❛s ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❤❡❧♣✐♥❣ st❛②s ♥♦t ❢❛r ❢r♦♠ ✉s✱
✷✼✳ s✐♥❝❡ ❤❡r❡ t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s✱ ②♦❦❡❞ ❜② ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥✱ ❝❛♣❛❜❧❡✱
❝♦♥✈❡②❡❞ ❬♦✉r❪ ♠❛❞❡ ❢❛♠♦✉s ✇✐t❤ s♦♥❣s✱
❧♦♥❣✐♥❣ ❢♦r ❛ s♦♥❣ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥✳
✖✖
✷✽✳ Soma✲s ❬❛r❡❪ ♣❛❧❛t❛❜❧❡✱ ❥♦✉r♥❡② ❤❡r❡✦
Soma✲s ❛r❡ ♠✐①❡❞✱ ❥♦✉r♥❡② ❤❡r❡✦
❖ s❡❧❡❝t✐✈❡ ♦♥❡✱ ❖ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② s❡❡rs✱
❜② ❡♥❛❜❧✐♥❣ ♣♦✇❡rs ♦♥❡✦
❬❏♦✉r♥❡② ❤❡r❡❪ ❧✐❦❡ t❤✐s ♦♥❡ ✖ t♦ ❛ ❞r✐♥❦✐♥❣ ❜♦✉t✦
✷✾✳ ❆♥❞ ❤②♠♥s ♦❢ ♣r❛✐s❡ t❤❛t ♠❛❦❡ t❤❡❡ str♦♥❣❡r
❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ ❣r❡❛t s❛t✐s❢❛❝t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❬♦✉r❪ ❞❡s✐r❡✱
❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ ❝♦✉r❛❣❡✱
❖ Indra✱ ❬❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥s❪ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥✐♥❣ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ♣❡r❢♦r♠s ❬t❤❡♠❪✱
✸✵✳ ❛♥❞ ❝❤❛♥ts t❤❛t ❬❛r❡ ♣❡r❢♦r♠❡❞❪ ❢♦r t❤❡❡✱
❖ ❝♦♥✈❡②❡❞ ❜② ❝❤❛♥ts ♦♥❡✱
❛♥❞ t❤♦s❡ r❡❝✐t❡❞ ❢♦r t❤❡❡ ✈❡rs❡s ✖
t❤❡② ❤❛✈❡ ❛❧✇❛②s s❡t ✉♣ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡s t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✳
✖✖
✶✶ r❤②t❤♠s
✶✷ ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s
✽✾✽

evédes.á tuvikūrmı́rvā´jām̃
. éko vájrahastah. |
sanā´dámr.kto dayate || 31 ||

. dáks.in.enéndrah. purū´ puruhūtáh. |

hántā vr.trám
´ ´
mahānmahı̄bhih. śácı̄bhih. || 32 ||

yásminvı́śvāścars.an.áya utá cyautnā´ jráyām

. si ca |
ánu ghénmand´ı̄ maghónah. || 33 ||

es.á etā´ni cakāréndro vı́śvā yó ′ti śr.n.vé |

vājadā´vā maghónām || 34 ||

prábhartā rátham . gavyántamapākā´ccidyámávati |

inó vásu sá hı́ vó..dhā || 35 ||

. nŕ.bhih. śū´rah. |
sánitā vı́pro árvadbhirhántā vr.trám
′ ´
satyò vitā vidhántam || 36 ||

yájadhvainam . priyamedhā ı́ndram . satrā´cā mánasā |

yó bhū´tsómaih. satyámadvā || 37 ||

gātháśravasam . sátpatim . purutmā´nam |

. śrávaskāmam
kán.vāso gātá vājı́nam || 38 ||

yá .rté cidgā´spadébhyo dā´tsákhā nŕ.bhyah. śácı̄vān |

yé asminkā´mamáśriyan || 39 ||
 ✽✾✾

✸✶✳ ❖♥❧② t❤✐s ♦♥❡ ✇❤♦ s❤✐❡❧❞s str♦♥❣❧②✱

❤❡ ❛❧♦♥❡✱ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲✐♥✲❤❛♥❞✱ ❛❧✇❛②s ✉♥❤✉rt✱
❜❡st♦✇s r✉s❤❡s ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✳
✸✷✳ ▼✉❝❤✲✐♥✈♦❦❡❞ Indra✱
✇✐❧❧ ♦❢t❡♥ s❧❛② Vr.tra ♦♥ t❤❡ r✐❣❤t s✐❞❡ ❬♦❢ t❤❡ ❤❡❛❞❪✱
✶✸
❬❤❡✱❪ ♠✐❣❤t② t❤r♦✉❣❤ ♣♦t❡♥t ❡♥❛❜❧✐♥❣ ♣♦✇❡rs✱
✸✸✳ ✐♥ ✇❤♦♠ ❛❧❧ ❞r❛✇✐♥❣ t♦ t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s ❬❛r❡❪
✶✹
❛♥❞ ❝♦♥tr✐✈❛♥❝❡s ❛♥❞ ❡①♣❛♥s✐♦♥s ❬❛r❡❪✳
❖♥❧② t♦✇❛r❞s ❬❤✐♠❪ ❬Soma❪✱ ♣♦ss❡ss✐♥❣ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t✐♦♥
♦❢ t❤❡ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡✱ ❬✢♦✇s❪✳
✸✹✳ ❚❤✐s ♦♥❡ ❤❛s ♣❡r❢♦r♠❡❞ t❤❡s❡ ❬❞❡❡❞s❪✱
Indra✱ ✇❤♦ ✐s ❢❛♠❡❞ ❛❜♦✈❡ ❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣✱
❣r❛♥t❡r ♦❢ r✉s❤❡s ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r t♦ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡s✳
✸✺✳ ❊✈❡♥ ❢r♦♠ ❛ ❞✐st❛♥t ♣❧❛❝❡ ❬❤❡ ✐s❪
♣r♦❝✉r✐♥❣ s❡❡❦✐♥❣✲❝♦✇s ❝❤❛r✐♦t ✇❤✐❝❤ ❤❡ ❢❛✈♦✉rs✱
s✐♥❝❡ ❤❡✱ ✐♥❢✉s✐♥❣ str❡♥❣t❤✱ ❝♦♥✈❡②s t❤❡ ❜❡♥❡✜t✳
✸✻✳ ■♥✇❛r❞❧② ❡①❝✐t❡❞ ♣r♦❝✉r❡r✲❜②✲♠❡❛♥s✲♦❢✲❝♦✉rs❡rs✱
t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ♠❡♥ s❧❛②✐♥❣ Vr.tra ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱
❬❤❡ ✐s❪ r❡❛❧❧② ❢❛✈♦✉r✐♥❣ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ❤♦♥♦rs ❬❤✐♠❪✳
✖✖
✸✼✳ ❲✐t❤ ❢♦❝✉s❡❞ ♠✐♥❞ ♠❛❦❡ ✜r❡ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣ t♦ t❤✐s ♦♥❡✱
❖ priyamedha✲s✱ t♦ Indra✱
✇❤♦ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ Soma ❬❞r♦♣s❪ s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ r❡❛❧❧② ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t❡❞✳
✸✽✳ ❉♦ ②❡✱ ❖ Kan.va✲s✱ ♣r❛✐s❡ ✐♥ s♦♥❣ ❤✐♠
✇❤♦ ♣♦ss❡ss❡s t❤❡ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱
✇❤♦ ✇❛s ♠❛❞❡ ❢❛♠♦✉s ✐♥ s♦♥❣s✱ ✇❤♦ ✐s ♦✈❡rs❡❡r ♦❢ ✇❤❛t✬s r❡❛❧✱
✇❤♦ ❧♦♥❣s ❢♦r ❢❛♠❡✱ ✇❤♦ ❤❛s ♠❛♥② s❡❧✈❡s✱
✸✾✳ ✇❤♦ ✐♥ t❤❡ st❛t❡ ♦❢ ❝♦❤❡r❡♥❝❡ s❤❛❧❧ ✐♠♣❛rt
❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s t♦ st❛♥③❛s✱
✶✺
❬✇❤♦ ✐s❪ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② ❡♥❛❜❧✐♥❣ ♣♦✇❡rs ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥ t♦ ♠❡♥
✇❤♦ ✜①❡❞ ❬t❤❡✐r❪ ❧♦♥❣✐♥❣ ♦♥t♦ ❤✐♠✳
✖✖

✶✸ s❡❝♦♥❞ ❢♦♦t♣r✐♥t Vis.n

♦❢ .u
✶✹ s❡♥s❡s
✶✺ ❧✐t✳ ✏❝♦✇s✑
✾✵✵

itthā´ dh´ı̄vantamadrivah. kān.vám. médhyātithim |

mes.ó bhūtò ′bhı́ yánnáyah. || 40 ||

śı́ks.ā vibhindo asmai catvā´ryayútā dádat |

as..tā´ paráh. sahásrā || 41 ||

utá sú tyé payovŕ.dhā māk´ı̄ rán.asya naptyā` |

janitvanā´ya māmahe || 42 ||
 ✾✵✶

✹✵✳ ❚❤✉s✱ ❖ st♦♥❡✲✇✐❡❧❞❡r✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❛ r❛♠✱

t❤♦✉ ❞✐❞ ❛r✐s❡ ❬✇❤✐❧❡❪ ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤✐♥❣

♣♦ss❡ss✐♥❣ ♦❢ ❛ ✈✐s✐♦♥ Medhyātithi Kān.va✳

✹✶✳ ❉♦ ✇✐s❤ t♦ ❤❡❧♣ ❤✐♠✱ ❖ Vibhindu✱
❣✐✈✐♥❣ ❢♦✉r ✉♥❛tt❛❝❤❡❞ ❬t♦ r❡❝✐♣r♦❝❛❧ ♦❜❧✐❣❛t✐♦♥s ❣✐❢ts❪

❬❛♥❞❪ ❡✐❣❤t ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ❛❜♦✈❡ ❬t❤❛t❪✳

✹✷✳ ❆♥❞ t❤❡s❡ t✇♦✱ ♠✐♥❡✱

str❡♥❣t❤❡♥❡❞ ❜② t❤❡ ❥✉✐❝❡✱ ❞❛✉❣❤t❡rs ♦❢ ❥♦②

❤❡ ❤❛s ❣✐✈❡♥ t♦ ✇✐❢❡❤♦♦❞✳

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✽✳✸

Medhatithi Kān.va | Br.hatı̄ ❛❧t❡r♥❛t✐♥❣ ✇✐t❤ Satobr.hatı̄ ❡①❝❡♣t ✶✷

Anus..tubh✱ ✷✷✱✷✸ Gāyatrı̄ | t♦ Indra

pı́bā sutásya rası́no mátsvā na indra gómatah. |

āpı́rno bodhi sadhamā´dyo vr.dhè ′smā´m̃
. avantu te dhı́yah. || 1 ||

bhūyā´ma te sumatau ´ vājı́no vayám . mā´ na starabhı́mātaye |

asmā´ñcitrā´bhiravatādabhı́s..tibhirā´ nah. sumnés.u yāmaya || 2 ||

imā´ u tvā purūvaso gı́ro vardhantu yā´ máma |

pāvakávarn.āh. śúcayo vipaścı́to ′bhı́ stómairanūs.ata || 3 ||

. sahásramŕ..sibhih. sáhaskr.tah. samudrá iva paprathe |

ayám
satyáh. só asya mahimā´ gr.n.e śávo yajñés.u viprarā´jye || 4 ||

ı́ndramı́ddevátātaya ı́ndram. prayatyàdhvaré |

ı́ndram
. samı̄ké vanı́no havāmaha . dhánasya sātáye || 5 ||
ı́ndram

ı́ndro mahnā´ ródası̄ paprathacháva ı́ndrah. sū´ryamarocayat |

ı́ndre ha vı́śvā bhúvanāni yemira ı́ndre suvānā´sa ı́ndavah. || 6 ||
 ✾✵✸

✶✳ ❉r✐♥❦ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞✱ ❢✉❧❧ ♦❢ s❛♣ ♦♥❡✱

r❡✈❡❧ ✐♥ ♦✉r ❢✉❧❧ ♦❢ ♠✐❧❦ ❬Soma❪✦
✶
❇❡✐♥❣ ♦✉r ❢❡❛st✐♥❣ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥✱ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❛♥ ❛❧❧②✦
▼❛② ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥s ❬♣❡r❢♦r♠❡❞❪ ❢♦r t❤② s❛❦❡
❤❡❧♣ ✉s t♦ ❜❡ str♦♥❣❡r✦
✷✳ ▼❛② ✇❡✱ ❝❛♣❛❜❧❡ ♦❢ r✉s❤❡s ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱ ❜❡ ✐♥ t❤② ❣♦♦❞ ❣r❛❝❡s✦
❉♦ ♥♦t s❝❛tt❡r ✉s ❬❛✇❛② ❢r♦♠ ❡❛❝❤ ♦t❤❡r❪
❢♦r ♣❧♦tt✐♥❣ ❡♥❡♠②✬s s❛❦❡✦
❙♦ t❤❛t ✐t ✇♦✉❧❞ ❢✉rt❤❡r ✉s ✇✐t❤ ✈❛r✐♦✉s ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❛ss✐st✐♥❣✱
✷
❤♦❧❞ ✉s ✐♥ ❤✐❣❤✲s♣✐r✐t❡❞ ♠✐♥❞s❡ts✦
✖✖
✸✳ ▼❛② t❤❡s❡ ❝❤❛♥ts✱ ✇❤✐❝❤ ❛r❡ ♠✐♥❡✱
str❡♥❣t❤❡♥ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ ♦♥❡ ♦❢ ♠❛♥② ❜❡♥❡✜ts✦
❬Soma ❞r♦♣s✱ ❜❡✐♥❣❪ ♦❢ ❛ ♣✉r✐❢②✐♥❣ t②♣❡✱ ❣❧❡❛♠✐♥❣✱
♣✐❧✐♥❣ ✉♣ ♣✉❧s❛t✐♦♥s✱ ❢♦✉♥❞ ❛ ✇❛② ❬t♦ t❤❡❡❪ ✇✐t❤ ❤②♠♥s ♦❢ ♣r❛✐s❡✳
✹✳ ❚❤✐s ♦♥❡✱ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞ t✐♠❡s ❝✉❧t✐✈❛t❡❞
❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ str❡♥❣t❤ ❜② s❡❡rs✱
❤❛s ❡①t❡♥❞❡❞ ❤✐♠s❡❧❢ ❧✐❦❡ t❤❡ s❡❛ ❬❛t ❤✐❣❤ t✐❞❡❪✳
❚❤✐s ❤✐s tr✉❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ✐♥❝r❡❛s❡✲✐♥✲s✐③❡ ✐s ❡①t♦❧❧❡❞✱
❬❤✐s❪ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡ ❬✐s ❡①t♦❧❧❡❞❪ ❛t ✜r❡ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣s
✐♥ t❤❡ r❡❛❧♠ ♦❢ ✐♥✇❛r❞❧② ❡①❝✐t❡❞ ♦♥❡s✳
✖✖
✺✳ ❚♦ ❜❡ ✐♥ t❤❡ ♣r❡s❡♥❝❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❞✐✈✐♥❡ ❬✇❡ ❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥❪ ♦♥❧② Indra✱
❬✇❡ ❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥❪ Indra ❞✉r✐♥❣ ❛❝t✐✈❡✱
♣r♦❝❡❡❞✐♥❣ ♦♥ ✐ts ✇❛② ❬s❛❝r✐✜❝❡❪✳
■♥ ❛ ❝❧♦s❡ ❝♦♠❜❛t ✇❡✱ ❞❡s✐r✐♥❣ ❬t♦ ✇✐♥❪✱ ❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥ Indra✱
❬✇❡ ❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥❪ Indra t♦ ♦❜t❛✐♥ t❤❡ ♣r✐③❡✳
✻✳ Indra ✖ ❛♥ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡ t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡ ✖ ❣r❡❛t❧② ❡①t❡♥❞❡❞ t✇♦ Rodas✲❡s✱
Indra ♠❛❞❡ t❤❡ s✉♥ s❤✐♥❡✳
✸
❆❧❧ ♣❧❛❝❡s ♦❢ ❡①✐st❡♥❝❡ ❡①t❡♥❞ t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s ✐♥ Indra✱
❞r♦♣s ♦❢ ♣✉r❡st Soma ❬❛r❡❪ ❡✛✉s✐♥❣ ✐♥t♦ Indra✳
✖✖

✶ ❧✐t✳ ✏r✐❝❤ ✐♥ ❝♦✇s✑

✷ t❤❡ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r
✸ ❂ manipūra ❝❛❦r❛
.
✾✵✹

abhı́ tvā pūrvápı̄taya ı́ndra stómebhirāyávah. |

samı̄cı̄nā´sa .rbhávah. sámasvaranrudrā´ gr.n.anta pū´rvyam || 7 ||

. śávo máde sutásya vı́s.n.avi |

asyédı́ndro vāvr.dhe vŕ..sn.yam
adyā´ támasya mahimā´namāyávó ′nu .s.tuvanti pūrváthā || 8 ||

táttvā yāmi suv´ı̄ryam

. tádbráhma pūrvácittaye |
yénā yátibhyo bhŕ.gave dháne hité yéna práskan.vamā´vitha || 9 ||

yénā samudrámásr.jo mah´ı̄rapástádindra vŕ..sn.i te śávah. |

sadyáh. só asya mahimā´ ná sam . ks.on.´ı̄ranucakradé || 10 ||
. náśe yám

śagdh´ı̄ na indra yáttvā rayı́m

. yā´mi suv´ı̄ryam |
śagdhı́ vā´jāya prathamám. sı́s.āsate śagdhı́ stómāya pūrvya || 11 ||

śagdh´ı̄ no asyá yáddha paurámā´vitha

dhı́ya indra sı́s.āsatah. |
śagdhı́ yáthā rúśamam. śyā´vakam
. kŕ.pam
´
ı́ndra prāvah. svàrn.aram || 12 ||
 ✾✵✺

✼✳ ❋♦r t❤② s❛❦❡✱ ❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ♣r❡❝❡❞❡♥❝❡ ✐♥ ❞r✐♥❦✐♥❣✱

❖ Indra✱ ✉s✐♥❣ ❤②♠♥s ♦❢ ♣r❛✐s❡✱ ❛❣✐t❛t❡❞ ❬♠❡♥❪✱ ❜❡✐♥❣ s❦✐❧❧❢✉❧✱
❞✐❞ ✐♥t♦♥❡ ❬t❤❡ s❛❝r❡❞ s❡q✉❡♥❝❡❪ ❛s ❛ ❝❤♦r✉s ❀ ✹
Rudra✲s s❤❛❧❧ ❡①t♦❧ ❬t❤❡❡❪ ✜rst✳
✽✳ ■♥ t❤❡ r❛♣t✉r❡ ♦❢ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❬❙♦♠❛❪✱ ✐♥ Vis.n.u❬✬s s❡❝♦♥❞ ❢♦♦t♣r✐♥t❪✱
Indra ❤❛s str❡♥❣t❤❡♥❡❞ ❥✉st ❤✐s ❬♦✇♥❪ ♠❛♥❧② ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱
❚♦❞❛② ❤✐♠✱ ✜rst ♦❢ ❛❧❧✱ ❤✐s ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ✐♥❝r❡❛s❡ ✐♥ s✐③❡✱
t❤❡ ❛❣✐t❛t❡❞ ♦♥❡s r❡♣❡❛t❡❞❧② ❡①t♦❧✳
✖✖
✾✳ ■ ❝♦♠❡ t♦ t❤❡❡ t♦ ❛s❦ ❢♦r t❤❛t ♠❛♥❧② ✈✐❣♦✉r✱
t❤❛t ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥ ❬t❤❛t ❝r❡❛t❡s❪ t❤❡ ♣r❡s❡♥t✐♠❡♥t✱
❬t❤❛t ♠❛♥❧② ✈✐❣♦✉r❪ ✇✐t❤ ✇❤✐❝❤ ❬t❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ❜r♦✉❣❤t❪
s❦✐❧❧❢✉❧ ❞❡✈♦t❡❡s t♦ t❤❡ ❛rr❛♥❣❡❞ ❝♦♥t❡st✱
❬t❤❛t ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥❪ ✇✐t❤ ✇❤✐❝❤ t❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ❤❡❧♣❡❞ Praskan.va✳
✶✵✳ ❚❤②✱ ❖ Indra✱ ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ str❡♥❣t❤ ❬✐s❪
t❤❛t ❜✉❧❧✐s❤ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡ t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱
✇✐t❤ ✇❤✐❝❤ t❤♦✉ ♣♦✉r❡❞ ♦✉t ♣♦t❡♥t ✇❛t❡rs ❬t♦✇❛r❞s❪ t❤❡ s❡❛ ✳
✺ ✻
❚❤❛t ❤✐s ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ✐♥❝r❡❛s❡ ✐♥ s✐③❡
✇❤✐❝❤ ❛ tr❡♠❜❧✐♥❣ ♦♥❡ ❝r✐❡s ❛❢t❡r
✐s ♥♦t t♦ ❜❡ ❛tt❛✐♥❡❞ ❛t ♦♥❝❡✳
✖✖
✶✶✳ ❇❡ ♣♦t❡♥t ❬❡♥♦✉❣❤❪ ❢♦r ✉s✱ ❖ Indra✱
✇❤❡♥ ■ ❝♦♠❡ t♦ t❤❡❡ t♦ ❛s❦ ❢♦r t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡✱ ❢♦r t❤❡ ♠❛♥❧② ✈✐❣♦✉r✦
❋✐rst ♦❢ ❛❧❧✱ ❜❡ ♣♦t❡♥t ❬❡♥♦✉❣❤❪ ❢♦r ❛ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r
❢♦r ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ❞❡s✐r❡s t♦ ♣r♦❝✉r❡ ❬✐t❪✱
❜❡ ♣♦t❡♥t ❬❡♥♦✉❣❤❪ ❢♦r ❛ ❤②♠♥ ♦❢ ♣r❛✐s❡✱ ❖ ♣❡❡r❧❡ss ♦♥❡✦
✶✷✳ ❇❡ ♣♦t❡♥t ❬❡♥♦✉❣❤❪ ❢♦r ✉s ❬t♦ ❢❛✈♦✉r❪ ✖
✐♥ ❛s ♠✉❝❤ ❛s t❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ❢❛✈♦✉r❡❞ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ s❛t✐❛t❡s ✖ ✼
✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥s ♦❢ ✐t ♦❢ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ❞❡s✐r❡s t♦ ♣r♦❝✉r❡ ❬✐t❪✱ ❖ Indra✦
❇❡ ♣♦t❡♥t ❧✐❦❡ ❬t❤♦✉ ✇❡r❡ ✇❤❡♥❪ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ ♣r♦♠♦t❡❞
Ruśama✱ Śyāvaka✱ Kr.pa✱ Svarn.ara✦
✖✖

✹ ❧✐t✳ ✏r❡♠❛✐♥✐♥❣ t♦❣❡t❤❡r✑

✺ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✻✳✸✵✳✹❞
✻ t❤❡ ❤❡❛rt ❝❛❦r❛
✼ ❂ Soma ✖ ❢♦❧❧♦✇✐♥❣ Sāyana ❝♦♠♠❡♥t❛r②
.
✾✵✻

kánnávyo atas´ı̄nām
. turó gr.n.ı̄ta mártyah. |
nah´ı̄ nvasya mahimā´namindriyám . svàrgr.n.ánta ānaśúh. || 13 ||

kádu stuvánta .rtayanta deváta

.ŕ.sih. kó vı́pra ohate |
kadā´ hávam . maghavannindra sunvatáh.
kádu stuvatá ā´ gamah. || 14 ||

údu tyé mádhumattamā gı́ra stómāsa ı̄rate |

satrājı́to dhanasā´ áks.itotayo vājayánto ráthā iva || 15 ||

kán.vā iva bhŕ.gavah. sū´ryā iva vı́śvamı́ddhı̄támānaśuh. |

ı́ndram . stómebhirmaháyanta āyávah. priyámedhāso asvaran || 16 ||

yuks.vā´ hı́ vr.trahantama hárı̄ indra parāvátah. |

arvācı̄nó maghavansómapı̄taya ugrá .r.svébhirā´ gahi || 17 ||

imé hı́ te kārávo vāvaśúrdhiyā´ vı́prāso medhásātaye |

. no maghavannindra girvan.o venó ná śr.n.udhı̄ hávam || 18 ||
sá tvám
 ✾✵✼

✶✸✳ ❲❤❛t ❡❧s❡ ♦❢ ❝♦♥s❡q✉❡♥t✐❛❧ ❬❛♣♣❡❧❧❛t✐♦♥s❪

✽ ✾
q✉✐❝❦ ♠♦rt❛❧ ❝❛♥ ❡①t♦❧❄
❋♦r s✉r❡❧② t❤♦s❡ ❬❥✉st❪ ❡①t♦❧❧✐♥❣ svar
❤❛✈❡ ♥♦t ♦❜t❛✐♥❡❞ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ✐♥❝r❡❛s❡ ✐♥ s✐③❡✱
t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r ♦✈❡r ❛✛❡❝t✐♦♥s ♦❢ t❤✐s ♦♥❡✳
✶✹✳ ❆r❡ t❤♦s❡ ❬❥✉st❪ ♣r❛✐s✐♥❣ ✇✐t❤ ❤②♠♥s ✜t t♦ ❜❡ ♠✐❞st deva✲s❄
❲❤✐❝❤ ✐♥✇❛r❞❧② ❡①❝✐t❡❞ s❡❡r ❝♦♠♣r❡❤❡♥❞ ❬t❤✐s❪❄
❲❤❡♥ ❞♦ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s Indra✱ ❬✇✐❧❧ ❝♦♠❡❪ t♦ t❤❡ ❝❛❧❧ ♦❢ ❤✐♠
✇❤♦ ♣r❡ss❡s ❬Soma❪❄
❆r❡ t❤♦✉ ❝♦♠✐♥❣ ❬t♦ ❛ ❝❛❧❧❪ ♦❢ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ❬❥✉st❪ ♣r❛✐s❡s ✇✐t❤ ❤②♠♥s❄
✖✖
✶✺✳ ❚❤❡s❡ ♠♦st s✇❡❡t ❬❞r♦♣s ♦❢ Soma❪
❝❤❛♥ts✱ ❤②♠♥s ♦❢ ♣r❛✐s❡✱ ❛r✐s❡❀
✇✐♥♥✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❡✈❡r② ✇❛②✱ ♦❜t❛✐♥✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♣r✐③❡✱
❬Soma ❞r♦♣s✬❪ s✐❞❡✲❡✛❡❝ts ❞♦ ♥♦t t❛♣❡r ♦✛
❬t❤❡② ❛r❡❪ ❧✐❦❡ ❝❤❛r✐♦ts ✖ ❡♠♣❧♦②✐♥❣ t❤❡ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✳
✶✻✳ ❙❦✐❧❧❢✉❧ ❧✐❦❡ Kan.va✲s ♦♥❡s✱ ❜❡✐♥❣ ❧✐❦❡ s✉♥s ✱ ✶✵
❤❛✈❡ ❛tt❛✐♥❡❞ ✐♥❞❡❡❞ ❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣ ❬t❤❛t ✇❛s❪ ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❡❞✳
▼❛❣♥✐❢②✐♥❣ Indra ✇✐t❤ ❤②♠♥s ♦❢ ♣r❛✐s❡✱ ❛❣✐t❛t❡❞
priyamedha✲s ✐♥t♦♥❡ ❬t❤❡ ❝❤❛♥ts❪✳
✖✖
✶✼✳ ❉♦ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ t❤❡ ❜❡st ❛t s❧❛②✐♥❣ Vr.tra✱
②♦❦❡ t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s✦
❋r♦♠ ❛❢❛r✱ t✉r♥❡❞ t♦✇❛r❞s ❬✉s❪✱ ❖ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡✱
❝♦♠❡ ❤❡r❡ ❢♦r ❛ ❞r❛✉❣❤t ♦❢ Soma ✖ ❬t❤♦✉✱❪ ❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s✱
t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ❤❡❧♣✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❞✐r❡ str❛✐❣❤ts ❬Marut✲s ❪✳ ✶✶
✶✽✳ ❙✐♥❝❡ t❤❡s❡ t❤② ✐♥✇❛r❞❧② ❡①❝✐t❡❞ s✐♥❣❡rs ♦❢ ❡✉❧♦❣✐❡s
❤❛✈❡ ❧♦♥❣❡❞ t♦ ♦❜t❛✐♥ t❤❡ ♥♦✉r✐s❤✐♥❣ ❞r✐♥❦✱
s✉❝❤ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s✱ ❧♦♥❣✐♥❣ ❢♦r ❛ s♦♥❣ Indra✱
❤❡❛r ♦✉r ❝❛❧❧ ❛s ✐❢ ❞❡s✐r✐♥❣ ❬✐t❪✦
✖✖

✽ ❧✐t✳ ✏❢r❡s❤✱ ♥❡✇✑

✾ atasi ✐s ❤❛♣❛① ❧❡❣♦♠❡♥♦♥ ✇❤✐❝❤ ❤❡r❡ ✐s ✐♥t❡r♣r❡t❡❞ ❛s atas✲i
✶✵ t❤❛t ✐s✱ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t✐♥❣✱ s❡❡✐♥❣ ✇✐t❤ ♠✐♥❞✬s ❡②❡ ❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣ ✐♥s✐❞❡
✶✶ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✺✳✺✷✳✶✸
✾✵✽

nı́rindra br.hat´ı̄bhyo vr.trám

. dhánubhyo asphurah. |
nı́rárbudasya mŕ.gayasya māyı́no nı́h. párvatasya gā´ ājah. || 19 ||

nı́ragnáyo rurucurnı́ru sū´ryo nı́h. sóma indriyó rásah. |

nı́rantáriks.ādadhamo mahā´máhim ´ . syam || 20 ||
. kr..sé tádindra paum

yám . me dúrı́ndro marútah. pā´kasthāmā kaurayān

´ . ah. |
vı́śves.ām
. tmánā śóbhis
..t hamúpeva divı́ dh ´
ā vamānam || 21 ||

róhitam. me pā´kasthāmā sudhúram

. kaks.yaprā´m |
ádādrāyó vibódhanam || 22 ||

. váhanti váhnayah. |
yásmā anyé dáśa práti dhúram
. váyo ná túgryam || 23 ||
ástam

ātmā´ pitústanū´rvā´sa ojodā´ abhyáñjanam |

tur´ı̄yamı́dróhitasya pā´kasthāmānam . dātā´ramabravam || 24 ||
. bhojám
 ✾✵✾

✶✾✳ ❖ Indra✱ t❤♦✉ ❞✐❞ ❧❛s❤ ❛t Vr.tra

♦✉t ♦❢ ❡①t❡♥s✐✈❡ ❞r② s❛♥❞❜❛♥❦s
✶✷ ✱
❬❞✐❞ s♣✉r♥❪ ♦✉t s❛✈❛❣❡ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❢r❛♠❡
❬✐❞❡❛s ❛♥❞ ♣❡r❝❡♣t✐♦♥❪ Arbuda✱
❞✐❞ ❞r✐✈❡ ♦✉t t❤❡ ❝♦✇s ♦❢ t❤❡ ❦♥♦tt② ♦♥❡✳
✷✵✳ ❋✐r❡s ❤❛✈❡ s❤✐♥❡❞ ❬t♦ ❞r✐✈❡ t❤❡♠❪ ♦✉t✱
t❤❡ s✉♥
✶✸ ❬❞r♦✈❡ t❤❡♠❪ ♦✉t✱
Soma ✭❤❛✈✐♥❣ ♣♦✇❡r ♦✈❡r ❛✛❡❝t✐♦♥s s❛♣✮ ❬❞r♦✈❡ t❤❡♠❪ ♦✉t❀
t❤♦✉ ❞✐❞ ❜❧♦✇ ♦✉t ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ✐♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ s♣❛❝❡
t❤❡ ♠✐❣❤t② s♥❛❦❡ ✖ ♣❡r❢♦r♠ t❤❛t ♠❛♥❧② ❞❡❡❞✱ ❖ Indra✦
✖✖
Indra ❬❛♥❞❪ Marut✲s ✇♦✉❧❞
✷✶✳ ❲❤✐❝❤ ❬st❛❧❧✐♦♥❪ ❤❛✈❡ ❣✐✈❡♥ ♠❡✱
Pākasthāman Kaurayān.a ❬❞✐❞ ♣r❡s❡♥t❪ ✖
♦❢ ❛❧❧ ❬❤♦rs❡s❪ r❡❛❧❧② t❤❡ ♠♦st r❡✐♥❢♦r❝✐♥❣✱
r✉♥♥✐♥❣ ❛s ✐❢ ✐♥ t❤❡ s❦②✱
✷✷✳ r❡❞❞✐s❤ ♦♥❡✱ ❣♦♦❞ ❢♦r ❛ ❝❤❛r✐♦t✲♣♦❧❡✱ ✇❡❧❧✲❢❡❞✱
❛♥ ✐♥❞✉❝❡r ♦❢ t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡ ✖
Pākasthāman ❤❛s ❣✐✈❡♥ t♦ ♠❡ ✖
✷✸✳ ❬t❤❡ st❛❧❧✐♦♥❪ ❢♦r ✇❤✐❝❤ t❡♥ ♦t❤❡r ❞r❛✉❣❤t ❤♦rs❡s
❝❛rr② t❤❡ ❜✉r❞❡♥
❧✐❦❡ ❜✐r❞s
✶✹ ❬❝❛rr②❪ ❤♦♠❡ Tugrya✳
✷✹✳ ❚❤❡ ❜r❡❛t❤ ✐s t❤❡ ♥♦✉r✐s❤♠❡♥t✱ t❤❡ ❜♦❞② ✐s t❤❡ ❣❛r♠❡♥t✱
❛♥♦✐♥t♠❡♥t ✐s t❤❡ ✈✐❣♦✉r✲❣✐✈✐♥❣❀
■ ❞❡❝❧❛r❡ ❜♦✉♥t✐❢✉❧ Pākasthāman✱
t❤❡ ❣✐✈❡r ♦❢ t❤❡ r❡❞❞✐s❤ ❬st❛❧❧✐♦♥❪✱
t♦ ❜❡ ✐♥❞❡❡❞ t❤❡ ❢♦✉rt❤ ❬❜❧❡ss✐♥❣❪✳

Pākasthāman ✐♥ ✷✶✕✷✹ ✐s tr❛♥s❧❛t❡❞ ❤❡r❡ ❛s ❛ ♣r♦♣❡r ♥❛♠❡✱ ❜✉t ✐t

♠✐❣❤t ❛s ✇❡❧❧ ❜❡ ❛ ❞❡r♦❣❛t♦r② ❧❛❜❡❧ ✏❤❡ ✇❤♦ ✐s ✐♥ t❤❡ s✉❝❦❡r s❡❛t✑
❛♥❞ t❤❡ ♣r✐③❡s ✇♦♥ ❢r♦♠ ❤✐♠ ❛r❡ t❤❡ r❡s✉❧t ♦❢ ❧✉r✐♥❣ ❤✐♠ ✐♥t♦ ❛
❝♦♥t❡st ✇❤❡r❡ ❤❡ ✇♦✉❧❞ ❝❡rt❛✐♥❧② ❧♦s❡✳

✶✷ ❂ ❜♦❞✐❡s ❧❛❝❦✐♥❣ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❤♦r♠♦♥❡s

✶✸ ❤❡r❡ ❂ manipūra ❝❛❦r❛
.
✶✹ ❤❡r❡ ❂ ❢❛♥t❛s✐❡s✱ ❞❛②❞r❡❛♠s
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✽✳✹

Devātithi Kān.va | Br.hatı̄ ❛❧t❡r♥❛t✐♥❣ ✇✐t❤ Satobr.hatı̄ ❡①❝❡♣t ✷✶

Puraus.n.ih | t♦ Indra ❛♥❞ Pūs.an

yádindra prā´gápāgúdaṅnyàgvā hūyáse nŕ.bhih. |

sı́mā purū´ nŕ..sūto asyā´navé ′si praśardha turváśe || 1 ||

yádvā rúme rúśame śyā´vake kŕ.pa ı́ndra mādáyase sácā |

kán.vāsastvā bráhmabhi stómavāhasa ı́ndrā´ yachantyā´ gahi || 2 ||

yáthā gauró apā´ kr.tám. tŕ..syannétyávérin.am |

āpitvé nah. prapitvé tū´yamā´ gahi kán.ves.u sú sácā pı́ba || 3 ||

mándantu tvā maghavannindréndavo rādhodéyāya sunvaté |

āmús.yā sómamapibaścamū´ sutám . táddadhis.e sáhah. || 4 ||
. jyés..tham

prá cakre sáhasā sáho babháñja manyúmójasā |

vı́śve ta indra pr.tanāyávo yaho nı́ vr.ks.ā´ iva yemire || 5 ||

sahásren.eva sacate yavı̄yúdhā yásta ā´na..dúpastutim |

putrám . kr.n.ute suv´ı̄rye dāśnóti náma .uktibhih. || 6 ||
. prāvargám

mā´ bhema mā´ śramis.mográsya sakhyé táva |

mahátte vŕ..sn.o abhicáks.yam
. kr.tám . yádum || 7 ||
. páśyema turváśam

savyā´mánu sphigyàm . vāvase vŕ..sā ná dānó asya ros.ati |

mádhvā sámpr.ktāh. sāraghén.a dhenávastū´yaméhi drávā pı́ba || 8 ||
 ✾✶✶

✶✳ ❲❤❡♥ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❛r❡ ❝❛❧❧❡❞ ✉♣♦♥ ❜② ♠❡♥

✐♥ t❤❡ ❡❛st✱ ✇❡st✱ ♥♦rt❤ ❛♥❞ s♦✉t❤✱
✉r❣❡❞ ❜② ♠❡♥✱ t❤♦✉ ❛r❡ ❡✈❡r②✇❤❡r❡❀
t❤♦✉✱ ❖ ❞❡✜❛♥t ♦♥❡✱ ❛r❡ ✐♥ ❛ ❢♦r❡✐❣♥❡r ❬❛♥❞❪ ✐♥ Turvaśa✳
✷✳ ❙✐♥❝❡ t❤♦✉ ♠❛❦❡ t❤②s❡❧❢ ✐♥t♦①✐❝❛t❡❞ ✐♥ t❤❡ ♣r❡s❡♥❝❡ ♦❢
Ruma✱ Ruśama✱ Śyāvaka✱ ❛♥❞ Krpa✱
❬✐❢❪ Kan.va✲s✱ ❝♦♥✈❡②✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡❡❪ ❜②.❛ ❤②♠♥ ♦❢ ♣r❛✐s❡✱
❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ s❛❝r❡❞ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛s r❛✐s❡ t❤❡❡✱
❖ Indra✱ ❝♦♠❡ ❤❡r❡✦
✖✖
✸✳ ❆s ❛ t❤✐rst✐♥❣ ✇✐❧❞ ❛ss
❣♦❡s ❞♦✇♥ ❛ ❣✉❧❧② ♠❛❞❡ ❜② ✇❛t❡r✱
❝♦♠❡ ❤❡r❡ q✉✐❝❦❧② ✖ ✐♥ ❤❛st❡ ❢♦r ♦✉r s❛❦❡ ❬❛♥❞❪ ❛s ❛♥ ❛❧❧②✱
❤❛✈❡ ❛ ❣♦♦❞ ❞r✐♥❦ ✐♥ t❤❡ ♣r❡s❡♥❝❡ ♦❢ Kan.va✲s✦
✹✳ ▲❡t t❤❡ ❞r♦♣s ♦❢ Soma ✐♥✢❛♠❡ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ ♠✉♥✐✜❝❡♥t Indra ✖
t❤❡② ❞✐st✐❧❧ ❬t❤❡♠❪ t♦ s♣r❡❛❞ ❛r♦✉♥❞ t❤❡ ❢❛✈♦rs✳
❉r❛✇✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡ ❞r♦♣s❪ t♦✇❛r❞s t❤②s❡❧❢✱
t❤♦✉ ❞r❛♥❦ t❤❡ ❜❡st Soma ♣r❡ss❡❞ ♦✉t ✐♥t♦ t❤❡ ❜♦✇❧ ✖
t❤✐s ✇❛② t❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ♦❜t❛✐♥❡❞ t❤❡ ❣r❡❛t❡st ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ str❡♥❣t❤✳
✖✖
✺✳ ❍❡ ❢♦r❝❡❢✉❧❧② ✐♥❞✉❝❡❞
❛♥ ❬❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥ ♦❢❪ t❤❡ ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ str❡♥❣t❤✱
✇✐t❤ ❛ ❢r❡♥③② ❤❡ s❤❛tt❡r❡❞ t❤❡ ❛♥❣❡r✳
❖ Indra✱ ❛❧❧ t❤② str✐✈✐♥❣✲❢♦r✲❜❛tt❧❡ ❬♦♣♣♦♥❡♥ts❪✱ ❖ ❛❣✐❧❡ ♦♥❡✱
❢❛st❡♥❡❞ t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s ❬t♦ ❤♦❧❞ ♦♥t♦ t❤❡ ✜r♠ ❣r♦✉♥❞❪
❛s tr❡❡s ❬❞♦❪✳
✻✳ ❍❡ ❤❛s ❢♦✉♥❞ ❬t❤❡ ❝♦rr❡❝t❪ ✐♥✈✐t❛t♦r② ♣r❛✐s❡ ❬♦❢ Indra❪
✇❤♦ ❛ss♦❝✐❛t❡s ❤✐♠s❡❧❢ ✇✐t❤ s♦♠❡♦♥❡ ✇❤♦ ✐s ❛s ❡❛❣❡r t♦ ✜❣❤t
❛s ✐❢ ❤❡ ✇❛s ❥♦✐♥✐♥❣ ❛ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞ ❬♠❡♥❪❀
✇❤❡♥ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ♠❛♥❧② ✈✐❣♦✉r✱ ❤❡ ❜❡❣❡ts ❛ ❞✐st✐♥❣✉✐s❤❡❞ s♦♥❀
❤❡ ❤♦♥♦rs ❬Indra❪ ✇✐t❤ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s ♦❢ ❛❞♦r❛t✐♦♥✳
✖✖
✼✳ ❲❡ s❤❛❧❧ ♥♦t ❜❡ ❛❢r❛✐❞✱ ✇❡ s❤♦✉❧❞ ♥♦t ❤❛✈❡ ❜❡❡♥ ✇❡❛r②
t♦ ❜❡ ✐♥✲t✉♥❡ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡❡✱ ✇r❛t❤❢✉❧✳
❚❤② ❣r❡❛t ❞❡❡❞ ♦❢ t❤❡❡ t❤❡ ❜✉❧❧ ✐s t♦ ❜❡ s❡❡♥
s♦ t❤❛t ✇❡ ❝❛♥ ❜❡❤♦❧❞ Turvaśa ❬❛♥❞❪ Yadu✳
✽✳ ❚❤❡ ❜✉❧❧ ❞♦♥s ❛ ❣✉✐s❡ ❬♦❢ ❛ s❡♥s❛t✐♦♥❪ ✐♥ t❤❡ ❧❡❢t ❧♦✇❡r ❜❛❝❦ ✖
t❤✐s ❤✐s ❣✐❢t ❞♦❡s ♥♦t ❞✐s♣❧❡❛s❡❀
t❤❡ ♠✐❧❦ ✐s ♠✐①❡❞ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ❤♦♥❡② ♦❢ t❤❡ ❜❡❡✱
q✉✐❝❦❧② ❝♦♠❡ ♥❡❛r✱ ❤❛st❡✱ ❞r✐♥❦✦
✖✖
✾✶✷

aśv´ı̄ rath´ı̄ surūpá ı́dgómām̃

. ı́dindra te sákhā |
śvātrabhā´jā váyasā sacate sádā candró yāti sabhā´múpa || 9 ||

.ŕśyo ná tŕ..syannavapā´namā´ gahi pı́bā sómam . ánu |

. váśām̃
niméghamāno maghavandivédiva ójis..tham . dadhis.e sáhah. || 10 ||

ádhvaryo drāváyā tvám . sómamı́ndrah. pipāsati |

úpa nūnám
. yuyuje . . an.ā hárı̄ ā´ ca jagāma vr.trahā´ || 11 ||
vŕ s

. citsá manyate dā´śurirjáno yátrā sómasya tr.mpási |

svayám
idám
. te ánnam. yújyam
. sámuks.itam . tásyéhi prá dravā pı́ba || 12 ||

rathes..thā´yādhvaryavah. sómamı́ndrāya sotana |

ádhi bradhnásyā´drayo vı́ caks.ate sunvánto dāśvàdhvaram || 13 ||

úpa bradhnám. vāvā´tā vŕ..san.ā hárı̄ ı́ndramapásu vaks.atah. |

´ ′
. tvā sáptayo dhvaraśrı́yo váhantu sávanédúpa || 14 ||
arvāñcam
 ✾✶✸

✾✳ ❏✉st ❤❡ ✇❤♦ ❤❛s ❤♦rs❡s✱ ❝❤❛r✐♦ts✱ ❥✉st ✇❡❧❧✲❢♦r♠❡❞✱

❥✉st r✐❝❤ ✇✐t❤ ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s ❬✐s❪ t❤② ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥✱ ❖ Indra✦
❍❡ ❛❧✇❛②s ❛ss♦❝✐❛t❡s ❤✐♠s❡❧❢ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ❡♥❡r❣②
t❤❛t ❢❛❝✐❧✐t❛t❡s t❤② ❡①♣❛♥s✐♦♥❀
❬t❤❛t ❡♥❡r❣②❪✱ ♠♦♦♥✲❧✐❦❡✱ ♠♦✈❡s t♦✇❛r❞s t❤❡ ♠❡❡t✐♥❣ ♣❧❛❝❡✳
✶✵✳ ❚❤✐rst✐♥❣ ❧✐❦❡ ❛ ♠❛❧❡ ❛♥t❡❧♦♣❡✱ ❝♦♠❡ t♦ t❤❡ ✇❛t❡r ♣♦♦❧✱
❞r✐♥❦ Soma ❛s t❤♦✉ ✇✐s❤✦
❱♦✐❞✐♥❣ ✐t ✐♥s✐❞❡ ❞❛✐❧②✱ ❖ ♠✉♥✐✜❝❡♥t ♦♥❡✱
t❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ♦❜t❛✐♥❡❞ ♠♦st ✈✐❣♦r♦✉s ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ str❡♥❣t❤✳
✖✖
✶✶✳ ❖ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ ✇❛②s t♦ ♣r♦❝❡❡❞ ♦♥❡ ✱ ❞♦ t❤♦✉ ♠❛❦❡ Soma r✉s❤ ✖
✶
Indra ✇❛♥ts t♦ ❞r✐♥❦✳
❍❡ ❤❛s ❛t ♣r❡s❡♥t ❤❛r♥❡ss❡❞ t✇♦ ♠✐❣❤t②✱ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s✱
❛♥❞ ❤❡ ❤❛s ❝♦♠❡ ❤❡r❡✱ t❤❡ Vr.tra✲s❧❛②❡r✳
✶✷✳ ❲❤❡r❡✈❡r t❤♦✉ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ s❛t✐❛t❡❞ ✇✐t❤ Soma✱
t❤② ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡r t❤✐♥❦s ♦♥ ❤✐s ♦✇♥✳
❚❤✐s ✐s ❛ ❢♦♦❞ ❢♦r t❤❡❡ ✖ ♣♦✉r❡❞ ♦✉t✱ t♦✲❜❡✲❡♠♣❧♦②❡❞❀
❝♦♠❡ ❤❡r❡✱ r✉s❤✱ ❞r✐♥❦ ♦❢ ✐t✦
✖✖
✶✸✳ ❖ ②❡✱ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ ✇❛②s t♦ ♣r♦❝❡❡❞ ♦♥❡s ✱ ✷
❡①tr❛❝t Soma ❢♦r st❛♥❞✐♥❣ ♦♥ ❛ ❝❤❛r✐♦t Indra✦
❆❜♦✈❡ ❬t❤❡ ❤✐❣❤❡st ♣♦✐♥t ❪ ♦❢ t❤❡ r❡❞❞❡♥✐♥❣
✸ ✹
t❤❡ ♣r❡ss✐♥❣ st♦♥❡s ♠❛♥✐❢❡st ❤✐♠
✺
✇❤♦ ✐s ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡❞ ❛t ♣r♦❝❡❡❞✐♥❣ ♦♥ ✐ts ✇❛② ❬s❛❝r✐✜❝❡❪✳
✶✹✳ ❙✐♥❝❡ t✇♦ ❢❛✈♦✉r✐t❡ t❛✇♥② ❜✉❧❧s ❤❛✈❡ ❧✐❦❡❧② ❜r♦✉❣❤t Indra
✐♥t♦ ✇❛t❡rs t♦ ❬❢❛❝✐❧✐t❛t❡ s❦✐♥❪ r❡❞❞❡♥✐♥❣✱
❬t❤❡♥❪ ❧❡t t❤❡ ❝♦✉rs❡rs✱ ❛✉s♣✐❝✐♦✉s
❢♦r ♣r♦❝❡❡❞✐♥❣ ♦♥ ✐ts ✇❛② ❬s❛❝r✐✜❝❡❪✱
❝❛rr② t❤❡❡ ✱ ✇❤♦ ✐s ❝♦♠✐♥❣ ❤✐t❤❡r✇❛r❞✱
✻
✐♥ t✐♠❡ ❢♦r Soma✲♣r❡ss✐♥❣s✦
✖✖

✶ adhvaryu
✷ adhvaryu✲s
✸ vistap ✖ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ✽✳✻✾✳✼❛❜
..
✹ t❤❡ r❡❞❞❡♥✐♥❣ ❞✉❡ t♦ ❞✐❧❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❜❧♦♦❞ ✈❡ss❡❧s
✺ ❤❡r❡ ✏t❡❡t❤✑
✻ Pūsan
.
✾✶✹

. vr.n.ı̄mahe yújyāya purūvásum |

prá pūs.án.am
sá śakra śiks.a puruhūta no dhiyā´ túje rāyé vimocana || 15 ||

sám . rā´sva rāyó vimocana |

. nah. śiśı̄hi bhurı́joriva ks.urám
tvé tánnah. suvédamusrı́yam . vásu yám
. tvám. hinós.i mártyam || 16 ||

vémi tvā pūs.annr.ñjáse vémi stótava āghr.n.e |

ná tásya vemyáran.am . hı́ tádvaso stus.é pajrā´ya sā´mne || 17 ||

párā gā´vo yávasam

. káccidāghr.n.e nı́tyam. rékn.o amartya |
asmā´kam . pūs
. annavit ´
ā śivó bhava . . .tho vā´jasātaye || 18 ||
mám his

sthūrám . rā´dhah. śatā´śvam

. kuruṅgásya dı́vis..tis.u |
rā´jñastves.ásya subhágasya rātı́s.u turváśes.vamanmahi || 19 ||

dhı̄bhı́h. sātā´ni kān.vásya vājı́nah. priyámedhairabhı́dyubhih. |

. sahásrā´nu nı́rmajāmaje nı́ryūthā´ni gávāmŕ..sih. || 20 ||
.sas..tı́m

vr.ks.ā´ścinme abhipitvé arāran.uh. |

gā´m
. bhajanta mehánā´śvam . bhajanta mehánā || 21 ||
 ✾✶✺

✶✺✳ ❲❡ ♣r❡❢❡r ❢♦r ❛♥ ❛❧❧✐❛♥❝❡ Pūs.an ✇❤♦ ✐s ♦❢ ♠❛♥② ❜❡♥❡✜ts✳

❇❡✐♥❣ s✉❝❤✱ ❖ ♠✉❝❤ ✐♥✈♦❦❡❞✱ ❡♠♣♦✇❡r✐♥❣ ♦♥❡ ✱ ✼
♠❛② t❤♦✉ ❞❡s✐r❡ t♦ ❤❡❧♣ ✉s✱
t♦ ❣✐✈❡ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❛ ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥ t❤❡ ❢♦❝✉s
❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡✱ ❖ ❧✐❜❡r❛t✐♥❣ ♦♥❡✦
✶✻✳ ❙❤❛r♣❡♥ ♦✉r ❬✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥❪
✽
❧✐❦❡ ❛ ❜❧❛❞❡ ❬✐s s❤❛r♣❡♥❡❞❪ ❜❡t✇❡❡♥ ❛❜r❛s✐✈❡ ♣❧❛♥❡s❀
■♠♣❛rt t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡✱ ❖ ❧✐❜❡r❛t✐♥❣ ♦♥❡✦
❲❤✐❝❤ ♠♦rt❛❧ t❤♦✉ ✇✐❧❧ ✐♥❝✐t❡ ✖ ✭t❤✐s ✐s ♦✉r ❡❛s✐❧② ❞✐s❝♦✈❡r❡❞
❡❛r❧②✲♠♦r♥✐♥❣ ♣r✐③❡✮ ✖ ✐s ✉♣ t♦ t❤❡❡✳
✖✖
✶✼✳ ■ ❡❛❣❡r❧② s❡❡❦ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Pūs.an✱ t♦ str❛✐❣❤t❡♥ ❬♠② ❡♥❡r❣② ✢♦✇❪✱
■ ❡❛❣❡r❧② s❡❡❦ ❬t❤❡❡❪ t♦ ❡①t♦❧ ❬Indra❪✱ ❖ ✢❛r✐♥❣ ♦♥❡✦
■ ❞♦ ♥♦t ❡❛❣❡r❧② s❡❡❦ ❬❛♥②t❤✐♥❣❪ ❛❧✐❡♥ t❤❛t ✐s ❤✐s ✾
s✐♥❝❡ t❤❛t t❤♦✉✱ ❖ ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧ ♦♥❡✱
✶✵
❡①t♦❧ ❢♦r ❬♦❜t❛✐♥✐♥❣❪ ♠❛t❡r✐❛❧ ✇❡❛❧t❤✳
✶✽✳ ❈♦✇s ✐♥ t❤❡ ❢✉t✉r❡✱ s♦♠❡ ♣❛st✉r❡✱ ❖ ✢❛r✐♥❣ ♦♥❡✱
♦♥❡✬s ♦✇♥ ✐♥❤❡r✐t❛♥❝❡✱ ❖ ✐♠♠♦rt❛❧ ♦♥❡❬✱ ■ ❞♦ ♥♦t s❡❡❦❪✳
❇❡ ♦✉r ❞❡str♦②✐♥❣ r❡❛❝t✐✈❡ ✐♠♣✉❧s✐✈❡♥❡ss ♣r♦♠♦t❡r✱ ❖ Pūs.an✱
s♦ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ❛s t♦ ❜❡st♦✇ t❤❡ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✳
✖✖
✶✾✳ ❆♠♦♥❣ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥✱ ❛♠♦♥❣ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s Turvaśa✲s
✇❡ ❞✐❞ ✐♠❛❣✐♥❡ ❛ s✉❜st❛♥t✐❛❧ ❣✐❢t
❝♦✉♥t✐♥❣ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ❤♦rs❡s ♦❢ Kuruṅga ✖
❝❤✐❡❢t❛✐♥ ✈❡❤❡♠❡♥t ❛♥❞ ♣r♦s♣❡r♦✉s✳
✷✵✳ ❇② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ✈✐s✐♦♥s
❞✐r❡❝t❡❞ ❜② priyamedha✲s t♦ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥
❬✇❡ ✐♠❛❣✐♥❡❞❪ t❤❡ r✐❝❤❡s ♦❢ ♣♦ss❡ss✐♥❣ t❤❡ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r ❬❤②♠♥s❪
♦❢ Kanva✲s✳
❬❇❡✐♥❣❪ ❛ .s❡❡r✱ ❬✐♥ ♠② ✐♠❛❣✐♥❛t✐♦♥❪ ■ ❞r✐✈❡ ❛✇❛② ✖
t♦✇❛r❞s ❛ ✇❛t❡r✐♥❣ ♣❧❛❝❡ ✖
s✐①t② t❤♦✉s❛♥❞ ❬❤♦rs❡s❪ ❬❛♥❞❪ ❤❡r❞s ♦❢ ❝♦✇s✳
✷✶✳ ■t ✐s ♠② tr❡❡s ✇❤♦ r❡❥♦✐❝❡❞ ❛t t❤❡ ❡♥❞ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❞❛② ✖
t❤❡② s❤❛❧❧ ♥♦✇ ❡♥❥♦② ✐♥ ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥❝❡ ❛ ❬s✐♥❣❧❡❪ ❝♦✇✱
t❤❡② s❤❛❧❧ ♥♦✇ ❡♥❥♦② ✐♥ ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥❝❡ ❛ ❬s✐♥❣❧❡❪ ❤♦rs❡✳
✼ Indra
✽ t❤✐s ♠❡❛♥s ✏t♦ ❝♦♥str❛✐♥ ✇✐t❤♦✉t ❧♦s✐♥❣ ❜♦t❤ t❤❡ ♣r♦❥❡❝t✐♦♥ ♦❢ t❤❡ ♣❛st ♦♥
t❤❡ ♣r❡s❡♥t ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ❛♥t✐❝✐♣❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❢✉t✉r❡✱ ❜♦t❤ ♦❢ ✇❤✐❝❤ ❛r❡ s✉♣♣r❡ss✲
✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❡♥❡r❣②✑
✾ Indra✬s
✶✵ ✇❤❛t ✐s ❛❧✐❡♥
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✽✳✻

Vatsa Kān.va | Gāyatrı̄ | t♦ Indra

mahā´m̃
. ı́ndro yá ójasā parjányo vr..s.timā´m̃
. iva |
stómairvatsásya vāvr.dhe || 1 ||

prajā´mr.tásya pı́pratah. prá yádbháranta váhnayah. |

vı́prā .rtásya vā´hasā || 2 ||

. yádákrata stómairyajñásya sā´dhanam |

kán.vā ı́ndram
jāmı́ bruvata ā´yudham || 3 ||

sámasya manyáve vı́śo vı́śvā namanta kr..s.táyah. |

samudrā´yeva sı́ndhavah. || 4 ||

ójastádasya titvis.a ubhé yátsamávartayat |

ı́ndraścármeva ródası̄ || 5 ||

vı́ cidvr.trásya dódhato vájren.a śatáparvan.ā |

śı́ro bibheda vr..sn.ı́nā || 6 ||

imā´ abhı́ prá n.onumo vipā´mágres.u dhı̄táyah. |

agnéh. śocı́rná didyútah. || 7 ||

gúhā sat´ı̄rúpa tmánā prá yáchócanta dhı̄táyah. |

kán.vā .rtásya dhā´rayā || 8 ||

. gómantamaśvı́nam |
prá támindra naśı̄mahi rayı́m
prá bráhma pūrvácittaye || 9 ||
 ✾✶✼

✶✳ ▼✐❣❤t② Indra✱ ✇❤♦ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ❬❤✐s❪ ❢r❡♥③②

❬✐s❪ ❧✐❦❡ ❛ st♦r♠✲❝❧♦✉❞ ❢✉❧❧ ♦❢ r❛✐♥✱
❤❛s ❜❡❝♦♠❡ str♦♥❣❡r t❤r♦✉❣❤ Vatsa✬s ❤②♠♥s ♦❢ ♣r❛✐s❡✳
✷✳ ❇② ❝♦♥✈❡②✐♥❣ ❝♦❤❡r❡♥❝❡ ✐♥✇❛r❞❧②✲❡①❝✐t❡❞ ♦♥❡s
❬❛r❡❪ ♣r♦t❡❝t✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♦✛s♣r✐♥❣ ♦❢ ❝♦❤❡r❡♥❝❡
✶ ✷
✇❤❡♥ ❝♦♥✈❡②♦rs ❬♦❢ ❤✐♠❪ ❜r✐♥❣ ❬❤✐♠❪ ❢♦r✇❛r❞✳
✸
✸✳ ❲❤❡♥ Kan.va✲s ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❤②♠♥s ♦❢ ♣r❛✐s❡
❤❛✈❡ ♠❛❞❡ Indra ❛♥ ❡①♣❡❞✐❡♥t ♦❢ ❛ ✜r❡ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣✱
❛ s✐❜❧✐♥❣ t❛❧❦s ♦❢ ❛ ✇❡❛♣♦♥✳
✖✖
✹✳ ❆❧❧ ❝♦♠♠✉♥✐t✐❡s ❬❛♥❞❪ tr✐❜❡s
s❤❛❧❧ s✉❜♠✐t t♦ ❤✐s r❛❣❡
❧✐❦❡ r✐✈❡rs ❬s✉❜♠✐t t❤❡✐r ✇❛t❡rs❪ t♦ t❤❡ s❡❛✳
✺✳ ❚❤❛t ❤✐s ❢r❡♥③② ❤❛s r❡❛❝❤❡❞ ❢❡✈❡r ♣✐t❝❤
✇❤❡♥ Indra ♠❛❞❡ ❜♦t❤ Rodas✲❡s
r♦❧❧ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ❧✐❦❡ ❛ ❤✐❞❡✳
✻✳ ❍❡ ❤❛s ❝❧❡❛✈❡❞ ❛s✉♥❞❡r t❤❡ ❤❡❛❞ ♦❢ ❛♥❣❡r❡❞ Vr.tra
✇✐t❤ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ❦♥♦ts t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t
❬❛s ✐❢ ✇✐t❤❪ ❛ r❛♠ ✳ ✹
✖✖
✼✳ ❲❡ ✜♥❞ ♦✉r ✇❛② t♦ t❤❡s❡ st❛❜❧❡ ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥s
✺
❛❤❡❛❞ ♦❢ s❤❛❦❡s
❛s ✢❛♠❡ ♦❢ ✜r❡ ❬✜♥❞s ✐t ✇❛② t♦ ❦✐♥❞❧✐♥❣ ❜❡❢♦r❡❪ ❛ ✢❛r❡✳
✽✳ ❲❤❡♥ t❤❡ ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥s✱ t❤❛t ❛r❡ ❬❛s ✐❢❪ ❤✐❞❞❡♥ r❡❛❧❧② ♥❡❛r ❜②✱
♠❛♥✐❢❡st t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s✱
Kanva✲s ❬❛r❡ ✐♥✲t✉♥❡ ❪ ✇✐t❤ ❛ str❡❛♠ ♦❢ ❝♦❤❡r❡♥❝❡✳
✻
✾✳ ❲❡.♠✐❣❤t ❛tt❛✐♥✱ ❖ Indra✱
t❤❛t r✐❝❤ ✐♥ ❝♦✇s✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❤♦rs❡s tr❡❛s✉r❡✱
♠✐❣❤t ❬❛tt❛✐♥❪ ❬t❤❛t❪ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥
✼
❬✇❤✐❝❤ ❝r❡❛t❡s❪ t❤❡ ♣r❡s❡♥t✐♠❡♥t✳
✖✖

✶ Indra
✷ rta
.
✸ t❤♦s❡ ✇❤♦ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ♣♦ss❡ss❡❞ ❜② Indra
✹ vrsni ❂ ✏r❛♠✑ ❢♦❧❧♦✇✐♥❣ ❬❏❛♠✐s♦♥ ❛♥❞ ❇r❡r❡t♦♥✱ ✷✵✶✹✱ ♣✳✶✵✸✽❪
...
✺ ♦♥❡ ❡①❛♠♣❧❡ ✐s ✈❡rs❡ ✻
✻ sakhyé
✼ ✽✳✸✳✾❜
✾✶✽

ahámı́ddhı́ pitús.pári medhā´mr.tásya jagrábha |

. sū´rya ivājani || 10 ||
ahám

ahám. pratnéna mánmanā gı́rah. śumbhāmi kan.vavát |

yénéndrah. śús.mamı́ddadhé || 11 ||

yé tvā´mindra ná tus..tuvúrŕ..sayo yé ca tus..tuvúh. |

mámédvardhasva sús..tutah. || 12 ||

. parvaśó ruján |
yádasya manyúrádhvanı̄dvı́ vr.trám
apáh. samudrámáırayat || 13 ||

nı́ śús.n.a indra dharn.ası́m . jaghantha dásyavi |

. vájram
vŕ..sā hyùgra śr.n.vis.é || 14 ||

ná dyā´va ı́ndramójasā nā´ntáriks.ān.i vajrı́n.am |

ná vivyacanta bhū´mayah. || 15 ||

yásta indra mah´ı̄rapá stabhūyámāna ā´śayat |

. pádyāsu śiśnathah. || 16 ||
nı́ tám

yá imé ródası̄ mah´ı̄ samı̄c´ı̄ samájagrabhı̄t |

támobhirindra tám . guhah. || 17 ||

yá indra yátayastvā bhŕ.gavo yé ca tus..tuvúh. |

mámédugra śrudhı̄ hávam || 18 ||
 ✾✶✾

✶✵✳ ❙✐♥❝❡ ✐t ❥✉st ♠❡ ✇❤♦ ❤❛s s❡✐③❡❞ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ❢❛t❤❡r

t❤❡ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ✈✐❣♦✉r ♦❢ ❝♦❤❡r❡♥❝❡✱
■ ✇❛s ❜♦r♥ ❬t♦ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t❡❪ ❧✐❦❡ t❤❡ s✉♥✳
✶✶✳ ■♥ Kan.va✬s ❢❛s❤✐♦♥
■ r❡✐♥❢♦r❝❡ ❝❤❛♥ts ✇✐t❤ ❬t❤❛t❪ ♣r✐♦r ♠❛♥✐❝ t❤♦✉❣❤t
✇✐t❤ ✇❤✐❝❤ Indra ❤❛s ❡✛❡❝t❡❞ t❤✐s ✈❡r② ❢❡r✈♦r✳
✶✷✳ ❬❚❤❡r❡ ❛r❡ t❤♦s❡❪ ✇❤♦ ❤❛✈❡ ♥♦t ❡①t♦❧❧❡❞ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Indra✱
❛♥❞ s❡❡rs ✇❤♦ ❤❛✈❡ ❡①t♦❧❧❡❞ t❤❡❡ ✖
❬❜❡✐♥❣❪ ❤✐❣❤❧② ♣r❛✐s❡❞✱ ❣r♦✇ str♦♥❣ ❥✉st ❬❜②❪ ♠② ❬❝❤❛♥t❪✳
✖✖
✶✸✳ ❲❤❡♥ ❤✐s ❛♥❣❡r ❡♥✈❡❧♦♣❡❞ ❬t❤❡ ❜♦❞② ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ♠✐♥❞❪✱
❧✐♠❜✲❜②✲❧✐♠❜ ❞✐s✐♥t❡❣r❛t✐♥❣ Vr.tra✱
❤❡ ❝❛✉s❡❞ t❤❡ s❡❛ t♦ st✐r ✉♣ t❤❡ ✇❛t❡rs✳
✽
✶✹✳ ❖ Indra✱ t❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ❤✉r❧❡❞ str♦♥❣ ❡♥♦✉❣❤ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t
✐♥t♦ Śus.n.a ✇❤♦ ✐s ❛♥ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡ t♦ s✉✛❡r ✇❛♥t✱
❜❡❝❛✉s❡✱ ❜❡✐♥❣ ❛ ❜✉❧❧✱ ❖ ❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s ♦♥❡✱
t❤♦✉ ❤❡❛r ❬❛ ❝❛❧❧❪ ✳ ✾
✶✺ ◆❡✐t❤❡r ❍❡❛✈❡♥s✱ ♥♦r ❊❛rt❤s✱ ♥♦r ✐♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ s♣❛❝❡s
s❤❛❧❧ ❝♦♥t❛✐♥ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲✇✐❡❧❞❡r Indra
t❤r♦✉❣❤♦✉t ❬❤✐s❪ ❢r❡♥③②✳
✖✖
✶✻✳ ❲❤♦✱ st❛♥❞✐♥❣ ✜r♠✱ ❧❛✐❞ ✉♣♦♥
♣♦t❡♥t ❢♦r t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Indra✱ ✇❛t❡rs ✖
❤✐♠ t❤♦✉ ♣✐❡r❝❡ ✐♥ ❢♦♦tst❡♣s ❬♦❢ t❤② ❛ss❡♥t❪✳
✶✵
✶✼✳ ❲❤♦ ❤❛s t❛❦❡♥ ❤♦❧❞
♦❢ t❤❡s❡ t✇♦ ❡♥t✐r❡ ♠✐❣❤t② Rodas✲❡s
❤✐♠✱ ❖ Indra✱ t❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ ❝♦♥❝❡❛❧ ✇✐t❤ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ♦❜s❝✉r❛t✐♦♥s✳
✶✽✳ ❬❚❤❡r❡ ❛r❡ t❤♦s❡❪ ✇❤♦ ❬❛r❡❪ s❦✐❧❧❢✉❧ ❞❡✈♦t❡❡s✱
❛♥❞ ❬t❤♦s❡✱❪ ✇❤♦ ❤❛✈❡ ❡①t♦❧❧❡❞ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Indra❀
❤❡❛r ❥✉st ♠② ❝❛❧❧✱ ❖ ❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s ♦♥❡✦
✖✖

✽ t❤❡ ❤❡❛rt ❝❛❦r❛

✾ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✽✳✻✳✶✽
✶✵ ❝❛❦r❛s ❢r♦♠ ❧♦✇❡st t♦ ❤✐❣❤❡st
✾✷✵

imā´sta indra pŕ.śnayo ghr.tám . duhata āśı́ram |

enā´mr.tásya pipyús.ı̄h. || 19 ||

yā´ indra prasvàstvāsā´ gárbhamácakriran |

pári dhármeva sū´ryam || 20 ||

tvā´mı́chavasaspate kán.vā ukthéna vāvr.dhuh. |

tvā´m
. sutā´sa ı́ndavah. || 21 ||

távédindra prán.ı̄tis.ūtá práśastiradrivah. |

yajñó vitantasā´yyah. || 22 ||

ā´ na indra mah´ı̄mı́s.am

. púram . ná dars.i gómatı̄m |
utá prajā´m
. suv´ı̄ryam || 23 ||

. yádindra nā´hus.ı̄s.vā´ |
utá tyádāśváśvyam
´
ágre viks.ú pradı̄dayat || 24 ||

. ná tatnis.e sū´ra upākácaks.asam |

abhı́ vrajám
yádindra mr...dáyāsi nah. || 25 ||

yádaṅgá tavis.ı̄yása ı́ndra prarā´jasi ks.it´ı̄h. |

mahā´m̃
. apārá ójasā || 26 ||

. tvā havı́s.matı̄rvı́śa úpa bruvata ūtáye |

tám
urujráyasamı́ndubhih. || 27 ||
 ✾✷✶

✶✾✳ ❚❤❡s❡ ❡♥t✐❝❡♠❡♥ts t♦ r❡❜❡❧ ❬❛r❡❪ ②✐❡❧❞✐♥❣ t♦ t❤❡❡✱

❖ Indra✱ ❬t♦ ❜❡❪ ♠✐①❡❞ ❬✇✐t❤ Soma❪ ❣❤❡❡✱
s✇❡❧❧✐♥❣ ❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ❝♦❤❡r❡♥❝❡✳
✶✶
✷✵✳ ❬❚❤❡s❡ ❡♥t✐❝❡♠❡♥ts✱❪ t❤❛t ❬❛r❡❪ ❜❡❛r✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡❡❪
✇✐t❤ ♠♦✉t❤ ✱ ❤❛✈❡ ♠❛❞❡ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Indra✱ ✐♥t♦ ❛ ❣❡r♠
✶✷
t❤❛t ✐s ❧✐❦❡ ❛ ♣r♦♣ ❛r♦✉♥❞ t❤❡ s✉♥ ✳ ✶✸
✷✶✳ ❏✉st t❤❡❡✱ ❖ ♠❛st❡r ♦❢ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱
Kan.va✲s ♠❛❞❡ str♦♥❣❡r ✇✐t❤ ❛ r❡❝✐t❡❞ ✈❡rs❡✱
❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❞r♦♣s ♦❢ ♣✉r❡ Soma ❬♠❛❞❡ str♦♥❣❡r ❥✉st❪ t❤❡❡✳
✖✖
✷✷✳ ❖♥❧② ✉♥❞❡r t❤②✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❣✉✐❞❛♥❝❡
❝♦♠♣❡t❡♥❝❡ ❬✐s ♣♦ss✐❜❧❡❪✱ ❖ st♦♥❡✲✇✐❡❧❞❡r✱
❛♥❞ t❤❡ ✜r❡ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣ ❬✐s❪ ✇♦rt❤ t♦ ❜❡ t✉ss❧❡❞ ♦✈❡r ✳ ✶✹
✷✸✳ ❚❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ ♠❛❦❡ ❛❝❝❡ss✐❜❧❡ t♦ ✉s ♣♦t❡♥t ❧✐❜❛t✐♦♥
❛s ✐❢ ❬✐t ✇❡r❡❪ r✐❝❤ ✇✐t❤ ❝♦✇s str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞
❛♥❞ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ♠❛♥❧② ✈✐❣♦✉r ♦✛s♣r✐♥❣ ✱ ✶✺
✷✹✳ ❛♥❞ t❤❛t s♣❡❡❞ ✇✐t❤✴♦❢ ❤♦rs❡s
✇❤✐❝❤ s❤❛❧❧ ♠❛❦❡ ❬✉s❪ s❤✐♥❡ ❛t t❤❡ ❢r♦♥t
❛♠♦♥❣ ♥❡✐❣❤❜♦r✐♥❣ tr✐❜❡s✱ ❖ Indra✦
✖✖
✷✺✳ ❇❡✐♥❣ ❛♥ ✐♥❝✐t❡r✱ ❞♦ t❤♦✉ s♣r❡❛❞
♦✈❡r t❤❡ ❬❡♥t✐r❡❪ ❬s❛❝r✐✜❝✐❛❧❪ ❡♥❝❧♦s✉r❡
✇❤❛t ✐s ♦♥❧② t♦ ❜❡ s❡❡♥ ❢r♦♠ ❛ ❝❧♦s❡ ❞✐st❛♥❝❡ ✖
✐❢ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ ✇♦✉❧❞ ❜❡ ❦✐♥❞ t♦ ✉s✳
✷✻✳ ❲❤❡♥ ✐♥❞❡❡❞ t❤♦✉ ❡♠♣❧♦② t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝♦♥tr♦❧✱
t❤♦✉✱ ♠✐❣❤t②✱ t❤r♦✉❣❤♦✉t ❛ ❢r❡♥③② ✉♥❜♦✉♥❞❡❞✱
❖ Indra✱ r✉❧❡ ♦✈❡r ❝❧❛♥s✳
✷✼✳ ❙✉❝❤ t❤❡❡ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣✲♦❜❧❛t✐♦♥s tr✐❜❡s
✐♥✈♦❦❡ t♦ ❤❡❧♣ ✖
❡①t❡♥❞✐♥❣ ♦✈❡r ❛ ✇✐❞❡ s♣❛❝❡ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ Soma ❞r♦♣s✳
✖✖

✶✶ Prśni
.
✶✷ ❤❡r❡ ✏✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ♠♦✉t❤✑ ❂ ✏✇✐t❤ ❛✉❞✐❜❧❡ s♣❡❡❝❤✑
✶✸ manipūra ❝❛❦r❛
.
✶✹ t❤✐s ❧✐♥❡ ❢♦❧❧♦✇s ❬❏❛♠✐s♦♥ ❛♥❞ ❇r❡r❡t♦♥✱ ✷✵✶✹✱ ♣✳✶✵✸✾❪
✶✺ ♣r♦❜✳ t❤❡ ✐♥♥❡r Soma
✾✷✷

upahvaré girı̄n.ā´m
. sam. gathé ca nad´ı̄nām |
dhiyā´ vı́pro ajāyata || 28 ||

átah. samudrámudvátaścikitvā´m̃
. áva paśyati |
yáto vipāná éjati || 29 ||

ā´dı́tpratnásya rétaso jyótis.paśyanti vāsarám |

paró yádidhyáte divā´ || 30 ||

kán.vāsa indra te matı́m ´ . syam |

. vı́śve vardhanti paum
utó śavis..tha vŕ..sn.yam || 31 ||

imā´m . jus.ásva prá sú mā´mava |

. ma indra sus..tutı́m
utá prá vardhayā matı́m || 32 ||

utá brahman.yā´ vayám . túbhyam. pravr.ddha vajrivah. |

vı́prā ataks.ma jı̄váse || 33 ||

abhı́ kán.vā anūs.atā´po ná pravátā yat´ı̄h. |

ı́ndram. vánanvatı̄ matı́h. || 34 ||

ı́ndramukthā´ni vāvr.dhuh. samudrámiva sı́ndhavah. |

ánuttamanyumajáram || 35 ||

ā´ no yāhi parāváto háribhyām

. haryatā´bhyām |
imámindra sutám . piba || 36 ||
 ✾✷✸

✷✽✳ ■♥ t✇✐sts ❛♥❞ t✉r♥s ♦❢ ♠♦✉♥t❛✐♥s

❛♥❞ ✐♥ ❛ ❝♦♥✢✉❡♥❝❡ ♦❢ r✐✈❡rs ✖
❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❬s✉❝❤❪ ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥ ✶✻
t❤❡ ✐♥✇❛r❞❧②✲❡①❝✐t❡❞ ♦♥❡ ✐s ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❡❞✳
✶✼
✷✾✳ ❋r♦♠ t❤✐s✱ ❢r♦♠ ❬t❤✐s❪ ❤❡✐❣❤t ✱ ✶✽
❤❡ ✇❤♦ ✐s ❞✐s❝r✐♠✐♥❛t✐♥❣ ❧♦♦❦s ❞♦✇♥ ✉♣♦♥ t❤❡ s❡❛
✶✾
❞r✐♥❦✐♥❣ ❢r♦♠ ✇❤✐❝❤ ❤❡ s❤❛❦❡s ❬♦♥❡✬s ❜♦❞②❪✳
✷✵
✸✵✳ ❖♥❧② t❤❡♥ t❤❡② ❜❡❤♦❧❞
❛♣♣❡❛r✐♥❣ ✐♥ t❤❡ ♠♦r♥✐♥❣ ❧✐❣❤t ♦❢ t❤❡ ♣r✐♠♦r❞✐❛❧ s❡❡❞ ✖
✇❤❡♥ ❤❡ ❦✐♥❞❧❡s ❬✐t❪ ♦♥ t❤❡ ♦t❤❡r s✐❞❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥✳
✷✶ ✷✷
✖✖
✸✶✳ ❆❧❧ Kan.va✲s str❡♥❣t❤❡♥ ❢♦r t❤② s❛❦❡✱ ❖ Indra✱
t❤❡ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❣❡st✉r❡✱ ♠❛♥❧② ✈✐❣♦✉r✱ ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ♠❛♥❧✐♥❡ss✱
❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♠♦st ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡ ♦♥❡✦
✸✷✳ ❊♥❥♦② t❤✐s ♠② ❝♦rr❡❝t❧② ❛rt✐❝✉❧❛t❡❞ ♣r❛✐s❡✱ ❖ Indra✱
♣r♦♠♦t❡ ♠❡ ✇❡❧❧✱
❛♥❞ ♠❛❦❡ ❬♦✉r❪ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❣❡st✉r❡ str♦♥❣❡r✦
✸✸✳ ❆♥❞ ❜② t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t❡✱
✇❡✱ ✐♥✇❛r❞❧②✲❡①❝✐t❡❞✱ ❖ ✐♥t❡♥s❡ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲❜❡❛r❡r✱
❞✐❞ ❢❛s❤✐♦♥ ✐t ✐♥ ♦r❞❡r t♦ ❧✐✈❡✳
✷✸
✖✖
✸✹✳ Kan.va✲s ❤❛✈❡ ❢♦✉♥❞ t❤❡✐r ✇❛② t♦✇❛r❞ Indra
❧✐❦❡ ✇❛t❡rs ♠♦✈✐♥❣ ❛❧♦♥❣ ❛ s❧♦♣❡❀
t❤❡ ✇✐♥♥✐♥❣ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❣❡st✉r❡✱
✸✺✳ ❬❛♥❞❪ r❡❝✐t❡❞ ✈❡rs❡s ❤❛✈❡ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥❡❞ ✖
❧✐❦❡ r✐✈❡rs ❬str❡♥❣t❤❡♥❪ t❤❡ s❡❛ ✖
✉♥❞❡❝❛②✐♥❣ Indra✱ ✇❤♦s❡ r❛❣❡ ✐s ♥♦t ❬t♦ ❜❡❪ ❞♦✇♥♣❧❛②❡❞✳
✸✻✳ ❋♦r ♦✉r s❛❦❡✱ ❥♦✉r♥❡② ❤❡r❡ ❢r♦♠ ❛❢❛r
✉s✐♥❣ t✇♦ ❞❡❧✐❣❤t❡❞✲✐♥ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s✦
❉r✐♥❦ t❤✐s ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❬Soma❪✱ ❖ Indra✦
✖✖

✶✻ ❛ ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❜❡✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❛♥ ❡①tr❡♠❡ ❞❛♥❣❡r

✶✼ Indra
✶✽ s❡❡ ♥❡①t ✈❡rs❡
✶✾ ❛❞❡♣t
✷✵ Indra
✷✶ Indra
✷✷ ♣r♦❜✳ ❛❜♦✉t ✶✷ t❤✉♠❜ ✇✐❞t❤s ❛❜♦✈❡ t❤❡ t♦♣ ♦❢ t❤❡ s❦✉❧❧ ✭❱❡rs❡ ✷✹ ♦❢
Vijñānabhairava t❛♥tr❛✮
✷✸ t❤❡ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❣❡st✉r❡
✾✷✹

tvā´mı́dvr.trahantama jánāso vr.ktábarhis.ah. |

hávante vā´jasātaye || 37 ||

. ná vartyétaśam |
ánu tvā ródası̄ ubhé cakrám
ánu suvānā´sa ı́ndavah. || 38 ||

mándasvā sú svàrn.ara uténdra śaryan.ā´vati |

mátsvā vı́vasvato mat´ı̄ || 39 ||

vāvr.dhāná úpa dyávi vŕ..sā vajryàroravı̄t |

vr.trahā´ somapā´tamah. || 40 ||

.ŕ.sirhı́ pūrvajā´ ásyéka ´ı̄śāna ójasā |

ı́ndra cos.kūyáse vásu || 41 ||

asmā´kam. tvā sutā´m̃

. úpa vı̄tápr..s.thā abhı́ práyah. |
. vahantu hárayah. || 42 ||
śatám

imā´m. sú pūrvyā´m

. dhı́yam. mádhorghr.tásya pipyús.ı̄m |
kán.vā ukthéna vāvr.dhuh. || 43 ||

ı́ndramı́dvı́mahı̄nām . médhe vr.n.ı̄ta mártyah. |

ı́ndram
. sanis. yúrūtáye || 44 ||

arvā´ñcam
. tvā purus..tuta priyámedhastutā hárı̄ |
somapéyāya vaks.atah. || 45 ||

śatámahám . tirı́ndire sahásram . párśāvā´ dade |

rā´dhām
. si y ´
ā dvānām || 46 ||

tr´ı̄n.i śatā´nyárvatām
. sahásrā dáśa gónām |
dadús.pajrā´ya sā´mne || 47 ||

údānat. kakuhó dı́vamús..trāñcaturyújo dádat |

śrávasā yā´dvam
. jánam || 48 ||
 ✾✷✺

✸✼✳ ❋♦❧❦s✱ ✇❤♦s❡ s❛❝r✐✜❝✐❛❧ ❣r❛ss ❤❛s ❜❡❡♥ t✇✐st❡❞✱ ❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥
❥✉st t❤❡❡✱ ❖ t❤❡ ❜❡st ❛t s❧❛②✐♥❣ Vrtra✱
t♦ ❜❡st♦✇ t❤❡ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✳ .
✸✽✳ ❇♦t❤ Rodas✲❡s ❬❢♦❧❧♦✇❪ t❤❡❡
❧✐❦❡ t❤❡ ✇❤❡❡❧ ✐s t✉r♥❡❞ ❬t♦ ❢♦❧❧♦✇❪ t❤❡ ✢✐❝❦❡r✐♥❣ ♦♥❡✱
❡✛✉s✐♥❣ ❞r♦♣s ♦❢ ❬✐♥♥❡r❪ Soma ❬❢♦❧❧♦✇ t❤❡❡❪✳
✸✾✳ ❊①❤✐❧❛r❛t❡ t❤②s❡❧❢ ✇❡❧❧ ✐♥ Svarn.ara ✷✹
❛♥❞ ✐♥ Śaryan.āvat ✱ ❖ Indra✱
✷✺
r❡✈❡❧ ✐♥ t❤❡ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❣❡st✉r❡ ♦❢ Vivasvat✦
✹✵✳ ❍❛✈✐♥❣ ❣r♦✇♥ ✉♣ t♦ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ✱ ✷✻
❜❡❛r✐♥❣ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t ❜✉❧❧✱ s❧❛②❡r ♦❢ Vrtra✱
❜❡st ❞r✐♥❦❡r ♦❢ Soma✱ ❤♦✇❧❡❞ ❧♦✉❞❧②✳.
✹✶✳ ❇❡❝❛✉s❡ t❤♦✉ ❛r❡ t❤❡ ✜rst✲❜♦r♥ s❡❡r✱
❛❧♦♥❡ ❜❡✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❝❤❛r❣❡ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❛ ❢r❡♥③②✱
t❤♦✉ r❡♣❡❛t❡❞❧② st✐r t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡✱ ❖ Indra✦
✹✷✳ ▼❛② ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ t❛✇♥② ❤❛✈✐♥❣ s♠♦♦t❤ ❜❛❝❦ ♦♥❡s
❝♦♥✈❡② t❤❡❡ ♥❡❛r ♦✉r ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❬Soma ❞r♦♣s❪
❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ ❬t❤②❪ ❞❡❧✐❣❤t✦
✹✸✳ ❚❤✐s ♠♦st ❡①❝❡❧❧❡♥t ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥
s✇❡❧❧✐♥❣ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ❣❤❡❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❤♦♥❡② ✷✼
Kan.va✲s ❤❛✈❡ ♠❛❞❡ str♦♥❣❡r ✇✐t❤ ❛ r❡❝✐t❡❞ ✈❡rs❡✳
✹✹✳ ❆♠♦♥❣ ✐♥s♣✐r✐♥❣ ♦♥❡s ❬✐t ✐s❪ ❥✉st Indra ❬✇❤♦♠❪
❛ ♠♦rt❛❧ s❤❛❧❧ ❝❤♦♦s❡ ✇❤❡♥ ♥♦✉r✐s❤✐♥❣ ❞r✐♥❦ ❬✐s ♣r❡♣❛r❡❞❪✱
❬✐❢ ❤❡ ✐s❪ ✇✐s❤✐♥❣ t♦ ❛❝q✉✐r❡ Indra ❛s ❛♥ ❛✐❞✱
✹✺✳ s♦ t❤❛t t❤❡ t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♠✉❝❤✲❡✉❧♦❣✐③❡❞✲❜②✲priyamedha✲s ♦♥❡s
✇♦✉❧❞ ❝♦♥✈❡② t❤❡❡ ✇❤♦ ✐s ❝♦♠✐♥❣ ❤✐t❤❡r✇❛r❞
❢♦r ❛ ❞r✐♥❦ ♦❢ Soma✱ ❖ ♠✉❝❤✲❡✉❧♦❣✐③❡❞ ♦♥❡✦
✖✖
✹✻✳ ❆t Tirindira✬s ■ ❤❛✈❡ r❡❝❡✐✈❡❞ ❛ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞✱
❛t Parśu✬s ❛ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞
Yadu✬s ❞❡s❝❡♥❞❛♥ts✬ ❣✐❢ts✳
✹✼✳ ❋♦r ❬♦❜t❛✐♥✐♥❣❪ ♠❛t❡r✐❛❧ ✇❡❛❧t❤ t❤❡② ❤❛✈❡ ❣✐✈❡♥
t❤r❡❡ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ❝♦✉rs❡rs✱
❬❛♥❞❪ t❡♥ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞ ❝♦✇s✳
✹✽✳ ❚❤❡ ♣r♦♠✐♥❡♥t ♦♥❡ ❤❛s r❡❛❝❤❡❞ ✉♣ t♦ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥
❣r❛♥t✐♥❣ ❬t♦ ♠❡❪ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❛✉❞✐t♦r② ✐♠♣r❡ss✐♦♥
②♦❦❡❞✲✐♥✲❢♦✉r ♦①❡♥ ❛♥❞ ❛ ❞❡s❝❡♥❞❛♥t ♦❢ Yadu✳
✷✹ ♣r♦❜✳ ājñā ❝❛❦r❛
✷✺ ♣r♦❜✳ t❤❡ ♣❛t❤✇❛②s ♦❢ ❛✐r t♦ t❤❡ ❧✉♥❣s
✷✻ ❤❡r❡ ❂ ✏t❤❡ ❤❡❛❞✱ t♦♣ tr❡❡ ❝❛❦r❛s✑
✷✼ ❡✐t❤❡r ♣✉r❡ ❤♦♥❡② ♦r ❤♦♥❡②❡❞ ❡①tr❛❝t ♦❢ Soma
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✽✳✶✷

Parvata Kān.va | Us.n.ih | t♦ Indra

yá indra somapā´tamo mádah. śavis..tha cétati |

yénā hám . támı̄mahe || 1 ||
. si nyàtrı́n.am

yénā dáśagvamádhrigum. vepáyantam . svàrn.aram |

yénā samudrámā´vithā támı̄mahe || 2 ||

yéna sı́ndhum . mah´ı̄rapó ráthām̃

. iva pracodáyah. |
pánthāmr.tásya yā´tave támı̄mahe || 3 ||

imám. stómamabhı́s..taye ghr.tám . ná pūtámadrivah. |

yénā nú sadyá ójasā vaváks.itha || 4 ||

imám. jus.asva girvan.ah. samudrá iva pinvate |

ı́ndra vı́śvābhirūtı́bhirvaváks.itha || 5 ||

yó no deváh. parāvátah. sakhitvanā´ya māmahé |

. pratháyanvaváks.itha || 6 ||
divó ná vr..s.tı́m
 ✾✷✼

✶✳ ❲❤✐❝❤✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❜❡st✲❢♦r✲❞r✐♥❦✐♥❣✲Soma ❡①❝✐t❡♠❡♥t

✜①❡s t❤❡ ♠✐♥❞ ✉♣♦♥ ❬t❤❡❡❪✱
❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♠♦st ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡ ♦♥❡✱
❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ✇❤✐❝❤ t❤♦✉ ❞❡str♦② ❛❧❧✲❝♦♥s✉♠✐♥❣ ❢❡❛r ✖
t❤❛t ✇❡ ❛s❦ ❬t❤❡❡❪ ❢♦r✳
✷✳ ❇② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ✇❤✐❝❤ ❬❡①❝✐t❡♠❡♥t❪
t❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ❛♥✐♠❛t❡❞❪ ✐rr❡s✐st✐❜❧❡ daśagva ✱ ✶
❬❛♥❞❪ tr❡♠❜❧✐♥❣ Svarn.ara ✱ ✷
❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ✇❤✐❝❤ t❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ❛♥✐♠❛t❡❞ t❤❡ s❡❛ ✖ ✸
t❤❛t ✇❡ ❛s❦ ❬t❤❡❡❪ ❢♦r✳
✸✳ ❇② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ✇❤✐❝❤ ❬❡①❝✐t❡♠❡♥t❪ t❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ ❝❛✉s❡ Sindhu
t♦ ❞r✐✈❡ ♣♦t❡♥t ✇❛t❡rs ❛s ✐❢ ❬t❤❡② ✇❡r❡❪ ❝❤❛r✐♦ts
t♦ ❥♦✉r♥❡② ❛❧♦♥❣ t❤❡ ♣❛t❤ ♦❢ .rta ✖
t❤❛t ✇❡ ❛s❦ ❬t❤❡❡❪ ❢♦r✳
✖✖
✹✳ ❚❤✐s ❤②♠♥ ♦❢ ♣r❛✐s❡ t♦ ❬❣❡t t❤②❪ ❛ss✐st❛♥❝❡
❬✐s❪ ♣✉r✐✜❡❞ ❧✐❦❡ ❣❤❡❡✱ ❖ st♦♥❡✲✇✐❡❧❞❡r✱
❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ✇❤✐❝❤ ✐♥ ❛♥ ✐♥st❛♥t✱ ✈✐❣♦r♦✉s❧②
t❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ❣r♦✇♥✳
✺✳ ❊♥❥♦② t❤✐s ❬Soma❪✱ ❖ ❧♦♥❣✐♥❣✲❢♦r✲❛✲s♦♥❣ ♦♥❡✦
■t s✇❡❧❧s ❧✐❦❡ ❛ s❡❛ ✳
✹
❖ Indra✱ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ❛❧❧ ❬t❤②❪ s✐❞❡✲❡✛❡❝ts✱
t❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ❣r♦✇♥✳
✻✳ ❬❇❡✐♥❣ t❤❛t❪ deva ✇❤♦ ❢r♦♠ ❛❢❛r ❤❛s ✐♥❝r❡❛s❡❞ ❤✐♠s❡❧❢
❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ ♦✉r ❧✐❦❡✲♠✐♥❞❡❞♥❡ss ❬✇✐t❤ ❤✐♠❪ ✖
❛s ✐❢ ❛ r❛✐♥ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ s❦②✱
s♣r❡❛❞✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡❪✱ t❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ♥✉rt✉r❡❞ ❬✐t❪✳
✖✖

✶ ♣r♦❜✳ t❤❡ manipūra ❝❛❦r❛

.
✷ ♣r♦❜✳ ājñā ❝❛❦r❛
✸ ❂❤❡❛rt ❝❛❦r❛
✹ ❂ ❧✐❦❡ ❛ ❜✐❣ ❧❛❦❡ ✐♥t♦ ✇❤✐❝❤ s❡✈❡r❛❧ r✐✈❡rs ❜r✐♥❣ s❡❛s♦♥❛❧ ✇❛t❡rs t❤✉s ♠❛❦✐♥❣
✐t s✇❡❧❧
✾✷✽

vavaks.úrasya ketávo utá vájro gábhastyoh. |

yátsū´ryo ná ródası̄ ávardhayat || 7 ||

yádi pravr.ddha satpate sahásram . mahis.ā´m̃

. ághah. |
´ . máhi prá vāvr.dhe || 8 ||
ādı́tta indriyám

ı́ndrah. sū´ryasya raśmı́bhirnyàrśasānámos.ati |

agnı́rváneva sāsahı́h. prá vāvr.dhe || 9 ||

. ta .rtvı́yāvatı̄ dhı̄tı́reti návı̄yası̄ |

iyám
saparyántı̄ purupriyā´ mı́mı̄ta ı́t || 10 ||

. punı̄ta ānus.ák |
gárbho yajñásya devayúh. krátum
stómairı́ndrasya vāvr.dhe mı́mı̄ta ı́t || 11 ||

sanı́rmitrásya papratha ı́ndrah. sómasya pı̄táye |

prā´cı̄ vā´śı̄va sunvaté mı́mı̄ta ı́t || 12 ||
 ✾✷✾

✼✳ ❙✐❣♥s ♦❢ ❤✐♠ ❤❛✈❡ ✇❛①❡❞ str♦♥❣✱

❛♥❞ t❤❡ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t ❬✐s ♥♦✇❪ ✐♥ ❤❛♥❞s ✖
❜❡❝❛✉s❡ ❧✐❦❡ t❤❡ s✉♥ ❤❡ ❝❛✉s❡❞ t❤❡ t✇♦ Rodas✲❡s
t♦ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ str♦♥❣❡r✳
✽✳ ❲❤❡♥✱ ❖ ✐♥t❡♥s❡ ♦✈❡rs❡❡r ♦❢ ✇❤❛t✬s r❡❛❧✱
t❤♦✉ ❞❡✈♦✉r❡❞ ❛ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞ ❜✉✛❛❧♦❡s ✱ ✺
♦♥❧② ❛❢t❡r ❬t❤❛t❪ t❤② ❛♠♣❧❡ ♣♦✇❡r ♦✈❡r ❛✛❡❝t✐♦♥s
❤❛s ❣❛✐♥❡❞ ✐♥ str❡♥❣t❤✳
✾✳ ❯s✐♥❣ r❛②s ♦❢ t❤❡ s✉♥✱
Indra ❜✉r♥s ❞♦✇♥ s❡❡❦✐♥❣✲t♦✲❤❛r♠ ♦♥❡❀
❤❡✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ✇❛②s t♦ ♣r❡✈❛✐❧ ✖
❧✐❦❡ ✜r❡ ❬❤❛s ✇❛②s t♦ ♣r❡✈❛✐❧❪ ♦✈❡r t❤✐❝❦❡ts ✖
❤❛s ❣❛✐♥❡❞ ✐♥ str❡♥❣t❤✳
✖✖
✶✵✳ ❚❤✐s ♥❡✇ ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥✱ r❡❛❞② ❢♦r ❝♦♥❝❡✐✈✐♥❣✱
♣r♦❝❡❡❞s ❢♦r t❤② s❛❦❡❀
❛tt❡♥❞✐♥❣ ❬t♦ t❤❡❡❪✱ ✐t✱ ❞❡❛r t♦ ♠❛♥②✱
❥✉st ❛♣♣♦rt✐♦♥s ❬t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡❪✳
✶✶✳ ❙❡❡❦✐♥❣✲deva ❡♠❜r②♦ ♦❢ ❛ ✜r❡ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣
✉♥✐♥t❡rr✉♣t❡❞❧② ♣✉r✐✜❡s t❤❡ ❬♠❡♥t❛❧❪ ♣♦✇❡r ❡✛❡❝t✐✈❡ ♦❢ ❛❝t✐♦♥❀
✇✐t❤ Indra✬s ❤②♠♥s ♦❢ ♣r❛✐s❡ ✐t ❤❛s ❣❛✐♥❡❞ str❡♥❣t❤❀
✐t ❥✉st ❛♣♣♦rt✐♦♥s ❬t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡❪✳
✻
✶✷✳ ❆ r❡✇❛r❞ ♦❢ ❛❧❧✐❛♥❝❡ ✖
Indra ❤❛s ❡①t❡♥❞❡❞ ❤✐♠s❡❧❢ t♦ ❞r✐♥❦ Soma❀
❢❛❝✐♥❣ ❬Vr.tra❪ ❧✐❦❡ ❛♥ ❛① ❬✐ts t❛r❣❡t❪✱ t♦ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ♣r❡ss❡s ❬Soma❪
✐t ❥✉st ❛♣♣♦rt✐♦♥s ❬t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡❪✳
✼
✖✖

✺ ♣r♦❜✳ ❂ ❛ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞ ❞r♦♣s ♦❢ Soma ❥✉✐❝❡ ②t❤❛t ✐s s♦♠❡t✐♠❡s ❝♦♠♣❛r❡❞ t♦

❛ ❜✉✛❛❧♦ ✭✾✳✸✸✳✶✱ ✾✳✻✾✳✸✱ ✾✳✽✼✳✼✱ ✾✳✾✷✳✻✮
✻ ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥
✼ ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥
✾✸✵

′
yám. vı́prā ukthávāhaso bhipramandúrāyávah. |
. ná pipya āsányr.tásya yát || 13 ||
ghr.tám

utá svarā´je áditi stómamı́ndrāya jı̄janat |

purupraśastámūtáya .rtásya yát || 14 ||

abhı́ váhnaya ūtáyé ′nūs.ata práśastaye |

ná deva vı́vratā hárı̄ .rtásya yát || 15 ||

yátsómamindra vı́s.n.avi yádvā gha tritá āptyé |

yádvā marútsu mándase sámı́ndubhih. || 16 ||

yádvā śakra parāváti samudré ádhi mándase |

asmā´kamı́tsuté ran.ā sámı́ndubhih. || 17 ||

yádvā´si sunvató vr.dhó yájamānasya satpate |

ukthé vā yásya rán.yasi sámı́ndubhih. || 18 ||
 ✾✸✶

✶✸✳ ❲❤♦♠ ❛❣✐t❛t❡❞ ✐♥✇❛r❞❧②✲❡①❝✐t❡❞

❝♦♥✈❡②✐♥❣✲✇✐t❤✲✈❡rs❡s ♦♥❡s ❤❛✈❡ ♣✉r♣♦s❡❧② ✐♥✢❛♠❡❞✱
❤❡✱ ❛s ❣❤❡❡✱ ❤❛s s✇❡❧❧❡❞ ✐♥ t❤❡ ♠♦✉t❤
t❤❛t ✇❤✐❝❤ ✐s ♦❢ rta✳
✽
✶✹✳ ❆♥❞ Aditi s❤♦✉❧❞. ❤❛✈❡ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❡❞
❢♦r s❡❧❢✲r✉❧✐♥❣ Indra ❛ ❤②♠♥ ♦❢ ♣r❛✐s❡
❬✇❤✐❝❤ ✐s❪ ♠✉❝❤ ❝♦♠♠❡♥❞❡❞ ❛s ❛♥ ❛✐❞ ✖
t❤❛t ✇❤✐❝❤ ✐s ♦❢ rta✳
✶✺✳ ❈♦♥✈❡②♦rs ❤❛✈❡. ❢♦✉♥❞ t❤❡✐r ✇❛② ❬t♦ Indra❪
✾
❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ ❤❡❧♣✱ ❢♦r ❝♦♠♣❡t❡♥❝②❀
t❤❡ t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s✱ ❖ deva✱ ❛r❡ ♥♦t r❡❧✉❝t❛♥t ✖
t❤❛t ✐s ♦❢ .rta✳
✖✖
✶✻✳ ❲❤❡♥ ❬t❤♦✉ ❞r✐♥❦❪ Soma✱ ❖ Indra✱ ✐♥ ❬t❤❡ ❝♦♠♣❛♥② ♦❢❪ Vis.n.u
♦r ✇❤❡♥✱ ❡s♣❡❝✐❛❧❧②✱ ✐♥ ❬t❤❡ ❝♦♠♣❛♥② ♦❢❪ Trita Āptya
♦r ✇❤❡♥ ✐♥ ❬t❤❡ ❝♦♠♣❛♥② ♦❢❪ Marut✲s✱ ②♦✉ ❣❡t ❞r✉♥❦
♦♥ ❬❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥②✐♥❣ t❤❡♠❪ ❞r♦♣s ❬♦❢ ✐♥♥❡r Soma❪✱
✶✼✳ ♦r ✇❤❡♥ ❢❛r ❛✇❛②✱ ❛❜♦✈❡ t❤❡ s❡❛ ✱ ✶✵
t❤♦✉✱ ❖ ❡♠♣♦✇❡r✐♥❣ ♦♥❡✱ ❣❡t ❞r✉♥❦✱
t❛❦❡ ♣❧❡❛s✉r❡ ♦♥❧② ✐♥ ♦✉r ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❬❙♦♠❛❪
✇✐t❤ ❬❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥②✐♥❣ ✐t❪ ❞r♦♣s ❬♦❢ ✐♥♥❡r Soma❪✱
✶✽✳ ♦r ✇❤❡♥ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ ♦✈❡rs❡❡r ♦❢ ✇❤❛t✬s r❡❛❧✱ ❛r❡ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥✐♥❣
❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ♣r❡ss❡s Soma ❬♦r❪ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ✐s ♠❛❦✐♥❣ ❛ ✜r❡ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣✱
♦r ❬❤✐♠❪ ✐♥ ✇❤♦s❡ r❡❝✐t❡❞ ✈❡rs❡ t❤♦✉ ❞❡❧✐❣❤t
t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ❬❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥②✐♥❣ ✐t❪ ❞r♦♣s ❬♦❢ ✐♥♥❡r Soma❪✳
✖✖

✽ s♣❡❡❝❤ ✇❤✐❝❤ ✐s ❝♦❤❡r❡♥t ✇✐t❤ t❤♦✉❣❤ts✱ ✐♥t❡♥t✐♦♥s✱ ❛♥❞ ❡♠♦t✐♦♥s

✾ t❤♦s❡ ✇❤♦ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ♣♦ss❡ss❡❞ ❜② Indra
✶✵ t❤❡ ❤❡❛rt ❝❛❦r❛
✾✸✷

′
devám. devam . vó vasa ı́ndramindram . gr.n.ı̄s.án.i |
ádhā yajñā´ya turván.e vyā`naśuh. || 19 ||

yajñébhiryajñávāhasam. sómebhih. somapā´tamam |

hótrābhirı́ndram. vāvr.dhurvyā`naśuh. || 20 ||

mah´ı̄rasya prán.ı̄tayah. pūrv´ı̄rutá práśastayah. |

vı́śvā vásūni dāśús.e vyā`naśuh. || 21 ||

. vr.trā´ya hántave devā´so dadhire puráh. |

ı́ndram
. vā´n.ı̄ranūs.atā sámójase || 22 ||
ı́ndram

mahā´ntam. mahinā´ vayám . stómebhirhavanaśrútam |

arkáırabhı́ prá n.onumah. sámójase || 23 ||

ná yám. viviktó ródası̄ nā´ntáriks.ān.i vajrı́n.am |

ámādı́dasya titvis.e sámójasah. || 24 ||
 ✾✸✸

✶✾✳ ❚♦ ❡①t♦❧ deva✲❛❢t❡r✲deva✱

Indra✲❛❢t❡r✲Indra ✱ ✖ t♦ ❤❡❧♣ ②❡✱
✶✶
❬❛♥❞✱❪ t❤❡r❡❢♦r❡✱ ❢♦r ❛ ✜r❡ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣ t♦ ❡①❝❡❧ ✖
t❤❡② ♣❡r✈❛❞❡❞ ❬❤✐♠❪✳
✶✷
✷✵✳ ❍✐♠ ✇❤♦ ✐s ❝♦♥✈❡②❡❞ ❜② ❛ ✜r❡ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣ ✖ ✇✐t❤ ✜r❡ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣s✱
❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ✐s ❜❡st ❛t ❞r✐♥❦✐♥❣ Soma ✖ ✇✐t❤ Soma ❥✉✐❝❡s✱
❬❛♥❞❪ ✇✐t❤ ✐♥✈♦❝❛t✐♦♥s t❤❡② ❤❛✈❡ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥❡❞ Indra✱ ❬❤✐♠❪
❬❤✐♠❪ t❤❡② ♣❡r✈❛❞❡❞✳
✶✸
✷✶✳ ❍✐s ♣♦t❡♥t ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❣✉✐❞❛♥❝❡✱
❛♥❞ ♠❛♥② ❝♦♠♣❡t❡♥❝✐❡s ✖
❛❧❧ ❜❡♥❡✜ts t♦ ❛ ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡r ✖
t❤❡② ♣❡r✈❛❞❡❞✳
✶✹
✖✖
✷✷✳ Deva✲s ❤❛✈❡ ♣❧❛❝❡❞ Indra
✐♥ ❢r♦♥t ❢♦r Vr.tra t♦ ❜❡ s❧❛✐♥❀
t✉♥❡s ❢♦✉♥❞ t❤❡✐r ✇❛② t♦ Indra ✖
❡♥t✐r❡❧② ❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ ❬❤✐s❪ ❢r❡♥③②✳
✷✸✳ ❬❚♦ ❤✐♠✱❪ ♠✐❣❤t② ❜❡❝❛✉s❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ✐♥❝r❡❛s❡✲✐♥✲s✐③❡✱
❤❡❛r✐♥❣ t❤❡ s✉♠♠♦♥s ❜❡❝❛✉s❡ ♦❢ ❤②♠♥s ♦❢ ♣r❛✐s❡✱
✇❡ ✜♥❞ ♦✉r ✇❛② ✉s✐♥❣ ❤②♠♥s ♦❢ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t✐♦♥ ✖
❡♥t✐r❡❧② ❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ ❬❤✐s❪ ❢r❡♥③②❪✳
✷✹✳ ❬❚❤❛t❪ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲✇✐❡❧❞❡r ✇❤♦♠
♥❡✐t❤❡r t✇♦ Rodas✲❡s ❡♥❝♦♠♣❛ss
♥♦r t❤❡ ✐♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ s♣❛❝❡s ❬❞♦❪✱
❤❡✱ ❥✉st ❢r♦♠ ❤✐s ❬♦✇♥❪ ❢♦r❝❡❢✉❧♥❡ss✱
❤❛s ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ✈✐♦❧❡♥t❧② ❛❣✐t❛t❡❞ ✖
❡♥t✐r❡❧② ❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ ❢r❡♥③②✳
✖✖

✶✶ ❂ s♦♠❡♦♥❡ ♣♦ss❡ss❡❞ ❜② Indra

✶✷ ❞r♦♣s ♦❢ ✐♥♥❡r Soma
✶✸ ❞r♦♣s ♦❢ ✐♥♥❡r Soma
✶✹ ❞r♦♣s ♦❢ ✐♥♥❡r Soma
✾✸✹

yádindra pr.tanā´jye devā´stvā dadhiré puráh. |

ā´dı́tte haryatā´ hárı̄ vavaks.atuh. || 25 ||

yadā´ vr.trám
. nadı̄vŕ.tam . śávasā vajrinnávadhı̄h. |
ā´dı́tte haryatā´ hárı̄ vavaks.atuh. || 26 ||

yadā´ te vı́s.n.urójasā tr´ı̄n.i padā´ vicakramé |

ā´dı́tte haryatā´ hárı̄ vavaks.atuh. || 27 ||

yadā´ te haryatā´ hárı̄ vāvr.dhā´te divédive |

ā´dı́tte vı́śvā bhúvanāni yemire || 28 ||

yadā´ te mā´rutı̄rvı́śastúbhyamindra niyemiré |

ā´dı́tte vı́śvā bhúvanāni yemire || 29 ||

yadā´ sū´ryamamúm . jyótirádhārayah. |

. divı́ śukrám
ā´dı́tte vı́śvā bhúvanāni yemire || 30 ||
 ✾✸✺

✷✺✳ ❲❤❡♥ deva✲s ♣✉t t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Indra✱

✐♥ ❢r♦♥t ✐♥ ❛ ❝❧♦s❡ ❝♦♠❜❛t✱
♦♥❧② ❛❢t❡r ❬t❤❛t❪ t❤② t✇♦ ❞❡❧✐❣❤t❡❞✲✐♥ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s
❤❛✈❡ ❣r♦✇♥ str♦♥❣✳
✷✻✳ ❲❤❡♥ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲✇✐❡❧❞❡r✱
✉s✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱
❤❛✈❡ ❞❡❢❡❛t❡❞ ♦❜str✉❝t✐♥❣ ✢♦✇✐♥❣ ✇❛t❡rs Vr.tra
♦♥❧② ❛❢t❡r ❬t❤❛t❪ t❤② t✇♦ ❞❡❧✐❣❤t❡❞✲✐♥ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s
❤❛✈❡ ❣r♦✇♥ str♦♥❣✳
✷✼✳ ❲❤❡♥ ❢♦r t❤② s❛❦❡ Vis.n.u
❡♥❡r❣❡t✐❝❛❧❧② ❤❛s str♦❞❡ ♦✉t t❤❡ t❤r❡❡ st❡♣s✱
♦♥❧② ❛❢t❡r ❬t❤❛t❪ t❤② t✇♦ ❞❡❧✐❣❤t❡❞✲✐♥ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s
❤❛✈❡ ❣r♦✇♥ str♦♥❣✳
✖✖
✷✽✳ ❲❤❡♥ t❤② t✇♦ ❞❡❧✐❣❤t❡❞✲✐♥ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s
❤❛✈❡ ❜❡❡♥ ❣r♦✇✐♥❣ str♦♥❣ ❞❛②✲❛❢t❡r✲❞❛②
♦♥❧② ❛❢t❡r ❬t❤❛t❪ ❛❧❧ ♣❧❛❝❡s ♦❢ ❡①✐st❡♥❝❡
❡①t❡♥❞❡❞ t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s ❢♦r t❤❡❡✳
✷✾✳ ❲❤❡♥ t❤② ❝♦♥s✐st✐♥❣ ♦❢ Marut✲s ❝❧❛♥s ✶✺
❤❛✈❡ r❡str❛✐♥❡❞ t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s ❢♦r t❤② s❛❦❡✱ ❖ Indra✱
♦♥❧② ❛❢t❡r ❬t❤❛t❪ ❛❧❧ ♣❧❛❝❡s ♦❢ ❡①✐st❡♥❝❡
❡①t❡♥❞❡❞ t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s ❢♦r t❤❡❡✳
✸✵✳ ❲❤❡♥ t❤♦✉ ♠❛❞❡ t❤❛t s✉♥ ✐♥ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥
t♦ ♠❛✐♥t❛✐♥ ❛ r❡s♣❧❡♥❞❡♥t ❧✐❣❤t ✶✻
♦♥❧② ❛❢t❡r ❬t❤❛t❪ ❛❧❧ ♣❧❛❝❡s ♦❢ ❡①✐st❡♥❝❡
❡①t❡♥❞❡❞ t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s ❢♦r t❤❡❡✳
✖✖

✶✺ ✏ Marut✲s ❝❧❛♥s✑ ❂ ❡❧❛❜♦r❛t❡ ❛♥❞ ❛s♣✐r❡❞ t♦ ♣❧❛♥s ❢♦r t❤❡ ❢✉t✉r❡

✶✻ ✇❤❡♥ manipūra ❝❛❦r❛ ❛❝t✐✈✐t② ❝❛✉s❡s s✉❝❤ ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥❝❡ ♦❢ ❛❞r❡♥❛❧✐♥❡ t❤❛t
.
❛❧❧ ♦❜❥❡❝ts ❛r❡ s❡❡♥ ✇✐t❤ ❛ ❣♦❧❞❡♥ ❤❛❧♦ ❛r♦✉♥❞ t❤❡♠ ❛s ✐❢ t❤❡ s✉♥ ✐s ❜❡❤✐♥❞
t❤❡♠
✾✸✻

imā´m
. ta indra sus..tutı́m. vı́pra iyarti dhı̄tı́bhih. |
jāmı́m
. padéva pı́pratı̄m. prā´dhvaré || 31 ||

yádasya dhā´mani priyé samı̄cı̄nā´so ásvaran |

nā´bhā yajñásya dohánā prā´dhvaré || 32 ||

suv´ı̄ryam . sugávyamindra daddhi nah. |

. sváśvyam
hóteva pūrvácittaye prā´dhvaré || 33 ||
 ✾✸✼

✸✶✳ ❚♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥s ❛♥ ✐♥✇❛r❞❧②✲❡①❝✐t❡❞ ♦♥❡

r♦✉s❡s ❢♦r t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Indra✱ t❤✐s ❝♦rr❡❝t❧② ❛rt✐❝✉❧❛t❡❞ ♣r❛✐s❡✱
❬t❤❛t ✐s❪ ❜r✐♥❣✐♥❣ ♦✈❡r ✖ ❧✐❦❡ st❡♣s ✖ ❬❤✐s❪ s✐❜❧✐♥❣
❞✉r✐♥❣ ♣r♦❝❡❡❞✐♥❣ ♦♥ ✐ts ♣❛t❤ ❬s❛❝r✐✜❝❡❪✳
✸✷✳ ❲❤❡♥ ✐♥ ❤✐s ❢❛✈♦r✐t❡ ❛❜♦❞❡
t❤❡② ✐♥t♦♥❡❞ ✐♥ ✉♥✐s♦♥✱
❛t t❤❡ ❥✉♥❝t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❛ ✜r❡ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣
❬t❤❡r❡ ❝♦♠❡s❪ ❢♦rt❤ ②✐❡❧❞✐♥❣ ♠✐❧❦ ♦♥❡ ❬♦❢ Pr.śn.i❪ ✖
✶✼
❞✉r✐♥❣ ♣r♦❝❡❡❞✐♥❣ ♦♥ ✐ts ♣❛t❤ ❬s❛❝r✐✜❝❡❪✳
✸✸✳ ●✐✈❡ ✉s✱ ❖ Indra✱ t❤❡ ♠❛♥❧② ✈✐❣♦✉r✱
t❤❡ ❞❡❛rt❤ ♦❢ ❤♦rs❡s✱ t❤❡ ❞❡❛rt❤ ♦❢ ❝♦✇s✱
❧✐❦❡ ✐♥✈♦❦❡r ♦❢ deva✲s ♦✛❡rs ❛ ♣r❡s❡♥t✐♠❡♥t
❞✉r✐♥❣ ♣r♦❝❡❡❞✐♥❣ ♦♥ ✐ts ♣❛t❤ ❬s❛❝r✐✜❝❡❪✳

✶✼ t❤❡ ❡♥❡r❣② t♦ ❞❛r❡

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✽✳✶✸

Nārada Kān.va | Us.n.ih | t♦ Indra

. punı̄ta ukthyàm |
ı́ndrah. sutés.u sómes.u krátum
vidé vr.dhásya dáks.aso mahā´nhı́ .sáh. || 1 ||

sá prathamé vyomani devā´nām . sádane vr.dháh. |

supāráh. suśrávastamah. sámapsujı́t || 2 ||

támahve vā´jasātaya ı́ndram

. bhárāya śus.mı́n.am |
bhávā nah. sumné ántamah. sákhā vr.dhé || 3 ||

. ta indra girvan.o rātı́h. ks.arati sunvatáh. |

iyám
mandānó asyá barhı́s.o vı́ rājasi || 4 ||

. tádindra daddhi no yáttvā sunvánta ´ı̄mahe |

nūnám
. naścitrámā´ bharā svarvı́dam || 5 ||
rayı́m

stotā´ yátte vı́cars.an.iratipraśardháyadgı́rah. |

vayā´ ivā´nu rohate jus.ánta yát || 6 ||
 ✾✸✾

✶✳ ❲❤❡♥ Soma ❞r♦♣s ❬❛r❡❪ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞

Indra ♣✉r✐✜❡s t♦✲❜❡✲♣r❛✐s❡❞ ❬♠❡♥t❛❧❪ ♣♦✇❡r ❡✛❡❝t✐✈❡ ♦❢ ❛❝t✐♦♥
t♦ ✜♥❞ ❤♦✇ t♦ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥ ❛♥ ❛❜❧❡ ♦♥❡ ✖
❜❡❝❛✉s❡ ❤❡ ✐s ♠✐❣❤t②✳
✷✳ ■♥ t❤❡ ♣r✐♠❛r② s♣❛❝❡ ♦❢ ❞❡t❛❝❤♠❡♥t
✐♥ t❤❡ s❡❛t ♦❢ deva✲s✱ ❤❡ ✐s str❡♥❣t❤❡♥✐♥❣✱
❣✐✈✐♥❣ ❛♥ ❡❛s② ♣❛ss❛❣❡✱ ✈✐❝t♦r✐♦✉s ♠✐❞st ✇❛t❡rs✱
❛❜♦✉♥❞✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❣❧♦r②✳
✸✳ ❯♣♦♥ ❤✐♠ ■ ❝❛❧❧ t♦ ❜❡st♦✇ ❛ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r ✖
❬✉♣♦♥❪ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❢❡r✈♦r ❢♦r ❛ ❜❛tt❧❡ Indra✳
❇❡✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❛ ❜❡♥❡✈♦❧❡♥t ♠✐♥❞s❡t✱ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❝❧♦s❡ t♦ ✉s✱
❛ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥ t♦ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥ ❬✉s❪✳
✖✖
✹✳ ❚❤✐s ❣✐❢t ♦❢ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ♣r❡ss❡s ❬Soma❪
tr✐❝❦❧❡ ❢♦r t❤❡❡✱ ❖ ❧♦♥❣✐♥❣ ❢♦r ❛ ❝❤❛♥t Indra✦
❜❡❝♦♠✐♥❣ ✐♥✢❛♠❡❞ ❢r♦♠ ❤✐s s❛❝r✐✜❝✐❛❧ ❣r❛ss✱
t❤♦✉ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t❡✳
✺✳ ◆♦✇ t❤❡♥✱ ❣r❛♥t ✉s✱ ❖ Indra✱ t❤❛t
✇❤✐❝❤ ♣r❡ss✐♥❣ ❬Soma❪ ♦♥❡s ❛s❦ t❤❡❡ ❢♦r ✖
❜r✐♥❣ ❤❡r❡ ❢♦r ✉s
❝♦♥s♣✐❝✉♦✉s ✜♥❞✐♥❣✲svàr tr❡❛s✉r❡✦
✻✳ ❲❤❡♥ ❢♦r t❤② s❛❦❡ ❞✐s❡♥❣❛❣✐♥❣ ❤②♠♥✲s✐♥❣❡r
✶
♠❛❦❡s ❝❤❛♥ts ♦✈❡r✲❞❛r✐♥❣✱
❧✐❦❡ ❜r❛♥❝❤❡s ❬t♦✇❛r❞s t❤❡ s✉♥❪ t❤❡② t❡♥❞ t♦✇❛r❞s ❬t❤❡❡❪✱
✷
s♦ t❤❛t t❤❡② ✇♦✉❧❞ ❡♥❥♦② ✐t ✳ ✸
✖✖

✶ ❂ ✏❧❡❛❞✐♥❣ ❛✇❛② ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ♠✉♥❞❛♥❡✑

✷ ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡rs
✸ svar
✾✹✵

pratnavájjanayā gı́rah. śr.n.udh´ı̄ jaritúrhávam |

mádemade vavaks.ithā sukŕ.tvane || 7 ||

kr´ı̄..dantyasya sūnŕ.tā ā´po ná pravátā yat´ı̄h. |

ayā´ dhiyā´ yá ucyáte pátirdiváh. || 8 ||

utó pátiryá ucyáte kr..s.tı̄nā´méka ı́dvaś´ı̄ |

namovr.dháıravasyúbhih. suté ran.a || 9 ||

stuhı́ śrutám. vipaścı́tam . hárı̄ yásya prasaks.ı́n.ā |

. namasvı́nah. || 10 ||
gántārā dāśús.o gr.hám

tūtujānó mahematé ′śvebhih. prus.itápsubhih. |

ā´ yāhi yajñámāśúbhih. śámı́ddhı́ te || 11 ||

. gr.n.átsu dhāraya |
ı́ndra śavis..tha satpate rayı́m
. vasutvanám || 12 ||
śrávah. sūrı́bhyo amŕ.tam
 ✾✹✶

✼✳ ❆s ✐♥ ♦❧❞ ❞❛②s✱ ❣✐✈❡ r✐s❡ t♦ ❝❤❛♥ts✱

❤❡❛r ✐♥✈♦❦❡r✬s ❝❛❧❧ ✖
✐♥ r❛♣t✉r❡✲❛❢t❡r✲r❛♣t✉r❡ t❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ❣r♦✇♥ str♦♥❣
❢♦r ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ♣❡r❢♦r♠s ✇❡❧❧✳
✽✳ ✏❍✐s ✇❡❧❧✲✜tt✐♥❣ ❬❝❤❛♥ts❪ ❢r♦❧✐❝
❧✐❦❡ ✇❛t❡rs ♠♦✈✐♥❣ ❛❧♦♥❣ ❛ s❧♦♣❡✳✑
■♥ t❤✐s ♠❛♥♥❡r ✖ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❛♥ ❛♥❛❧♦❣②
✹ ✖
✇❤♦ ✐s ❝❛❧❧❡❞ t❤❡ ♣r♦t❡❝t♦r ♦❢ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥✱
✾✳ ❛♥❞ ✇❤♦ ✐s ❝❛❧❧❡❞ t❤❡ ♦✈❡rs❡❡r ♦❢ tr✐❜❡s✱
❤❡ ❛❧♦♥❡ ❡①❡rts ❤✐s ✇✐❧❧ ✳
✺
❚♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥✐♥❣ r❡✈❡r❡♥❝❡ ❬t♦✇❛r❞s t❤❡❡❪
s❡❡❦✐♥❣ ❤❡❧♣ ♦♥❡s✱
t❛❦❡ ♣❧❡❛s✉r❡ ✐♥ t❤❡ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❬❙♦♠❛❪✦
✖✖
✶✵✳ ❊①t♦❧ ❢❛♠♦✉s✱ ♣✐❧✐♥❣ ✉♣ ♣✉❧s❛t✐♦♥s ♦♥❡
✇❤♦s❡ ♦✈❡r♣♦✇❡r✐♥❣ t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s
✇✐❧❧ ❝♦♠❡ t♦ t❤❡ ❤♦✉s❡
♦❢ ❢✉❧❧✲♦❢✲r❡✈❡r❡♥❝❡ ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡r✳
✶✶✳ ❯r❣✐♥❣ ❛❣❛✐♥ ❛♥❞ ❛❣❛✐♥✱
❖ ♠❡♥t❛❧❧②✲❞✐s♣♦s❡❞✲❢♦r✲❛✲❣r❡❛t✲❬❞❡❡❞❪ ♦♥❡✱
❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❢r♦t❤✐♥❣✲❛t✲t❤❡✲♠♦✉t❤
✻ ❤♦rs❡s
❥♦✉r♥❡② ❤❡r❡✱ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ s✇✐❢t ♦♥❡s✱ t♦ ❬t❤✐s❪ ✜r❡ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣ ✖
s✐♥❝❡ ✐t ✐s ✐♥❞❡❡❞ ❛✉s♣✐❝✐♦✉s ❢♦r t❤❡❡✳
✶✷✳ ❖ Indra✱
❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣✲t❤❡✲♠♦st✲♣♦✇❡r✲t♦✲❝❤❛♥❣❡ ♦✈❡rs❡❡r ♦❢ ✇❤❛t✬s r❡❛❧✱
❝❛✉s❡ t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡ t♦ ♠❛✐♥t❛✐♥ ✐ts❡❧❢ ✐♥ ❡①t♦❧❧✐♥❣ ♦♥❡s
t❤❡ ❛✉❞✐t♦r② ✐♠♣r❡ss✐♦♥ ❬t♦ ♠❛✐♥t❛✐♥❪ ✉♥❞❡❝❛②✐♥❣ ✉s❡❢✉❧♥❡ss
❢♦r ✐♥st✐t✉t♦rs ♦❢ t❤❡ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡✳
✖✖

✹ ❧✐t✳ ✏✇✐t❤ ❛ ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥✑

✺ ❢♦❧❧♦✇✐♥❣ ❬❏❛♠✐s♦♥ ❛♥❞ ❇r❡r❡t♦♥✱ ✷✵✶✹✱ ♣✳✶✵✺✹❪
✻ ❢♦❧❧♦✇✐♥❣ ❬❏❛♠✐s♦♥ ❛♥❞ ❇r❡r❡t♦♥✱ ✷✵✶✹✱ ♣✳✶✵✺✹❪
✾✹✷

háve tvā sū´ra údite háve madhyám . dine diváh. |

jus.ān.á indra sáptibhirna ā´ gahi || 13 ||

ā´ tū´ gahi prá tú drava mátsvā sutásya gómatah. |

tántum . yáthā vidé || 14 ||
. tanus.va pūrvyám

yáchakrā´si parāváti yádarvāváti vr.trahan |

yádvā samudré ándhaso ′vitédasi || 15 ||

ı́ndram. vardhantu no gı́ra ı́ndram . sutā´sa ı́ndavah. |

ı́ndre havı́s.matı̄rvı́śo arān.is.uh. || 16 ||

támı́dvı́prā avasyávah. pravátvatı̄bhirūtı́bhih. |

ı́ndram. ks.on.´ı̄ravardhayanvayā´ iva || 17 ||

. devā´so yajñámatnata |
trı́kadrukes.u cétanam
támı́dvardhantu no gı́rah. sadā´vr.dham || 18 ||
 ✾✹✸

✶✸✳ ■ ❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥ t❤❡❡ ✇❤❡♥ s✉♥ ✐s r✐s✐♥❣✱

■ ❝❛❧❧ ❬✉♣♦♥ t❤❡❡❪ ❛t ♠✐❞❞❛②❀
t❛❦✐♥❣ ♣❧❡❛s✉r❡ ✐♥ ❬t❤✐s❪✱
❝♦♠❡ t♦ ✉s ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ t❤❡ st❡❡❞s✦
✶✹✳ ❈♦♠❡ ❤❡r❡✱ ■ ❜❡❣✱ r✉s❤✱ ■ ❜❡❣✦
❘❡✈❡❧ ✐♥ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❬Soma❪✦
❋✐rst ♦❢ ❛❧❧✱ str❡t❝❤ ❢♦r t❤②s❡❧❢ t❤❡ t❤r❡❛❞
✐♥ t❤❡ ✇❛② t❤❛t ✐s ❦♥♦✇♥✦
✶✺✳ ❲❤❡♥ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ ❡♠♣♦✇❡r✐♥❣ ♦♥❡✱ ❛r❡ ❢❛r ❛✇❛②✱
✇❤❡♥ ❝❧♦s❡ ❜②✱ ❖ s❧❛②❡r ♦❢ Vr.tra✱
♦r ✇❤❡♥ ❛t s❡❛ ❜❡❝❛✉s❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❤❡r❜ ✖
t❤♦✉ ❛r❡ ✐♥❞❡❡❞ ❛ ❤❡❧♣❡r✳
✖✖
✶✻✳ ▲❡t ♦✉r ❝❤❛♥ts str❡♥❣t❤❡♥ Indra✱
❬❧❡t❪ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❞r♦♣s ♦❢ ♣✉r❡ Soma ❬str❡♥❣t❤❡♥❪ Indra✦
❖✛❡r✐♥❣ ♦❜❧❛t✐♦♥s ❝❧❛♥s
❤❛✈❡ t❛❦❡♥ ♣❧❡❛s✉r❡ ✐♥ Indra✳
✶✼✳ ❏✉st ❤✐♠ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ❛✛♦r❞✐♥❣ ❛ s✇✐❢t ♠♦t✐♦♥ s✐❞❡✲❡✛❡❝ts✱
Indra✱ ✐♥✇❛r❞❧②✲❡①❝✐t❡❞ s❡❡❦✐♥❣✲❤❡❧♣ ♦♥❡s
♠❛❞❡ t♦ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥
tr❡♠❜❧✐♥❣✲❧✐❦❡✲❜r❛♥❝❤❡s ♦♥❡s✳
✶✽✳ ❉✉r✐♥❣ ✏t❤r❡❡✲❤♦✇❧s✑ deva✲s ❡①t❡♥❞❡❞ ❢♦r t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s
❛ ♥♦t❛❜❧❡ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡❀
❧❡t ♦✉r ❝❤❛♥ts str❡♥❣t❤❡♥ ❥✉st ❤✐♠
❬✇❤♦ ✐s❪ ❛❧✇❛②s✲str❡♥❣t❤❡♥✐♥❣✦
✖✖
✾✹✹

stotā´ yátte ánuvrata ukthā´nyr.tuthā´ dadhé |

śúcih. pāvaká ucyate só ádbhutah. || 19 ||

tádı́drudrásya cetati yahvám . pratnés.u dhā´masu |

máno yátrā vı́ táddadhúrvı́cetasah. || 20 ||

yádi me sakhyámāvára imásya pāhyándhasah. |

yéna vı́śvā áti dvı́s.o átārima || 21 ||

kadā´ ta indra girvan.a stotā´ bhavāti śám

. tamah. |
kadā´ no gávye áśvye vásau dadhah. || 22 ||

utá te sús..tutā hárı̄ vŕ..san.ā vahato rátham |

ajuryásya madı́ntamam . yám´ı̄mahe || 23 ||

támı̄mahe purus..tutám . yahvám. pratnā´bhirūtı́bhih. |

nı́ barhı́s.i priyé sadadádha dvitā´ || 24 ||
 ✾✹✺

✶✾✳ ❲❤❡♥ ❞❡✈♦t❡❞ t♦ t❤❡❡ ❤②♠♥✲s✐♥❣❡r

❤❛s ♣❧❛❝❡❞ r❡❝✐t❡❞ ✈❡rs❡s ❛t ♣r♦♣❡r t✐♠❡s✱
❣❧❡❛♠✐♥❣ ♣✉r✐❢②✐♥❣ ♦♥❡ ✖ ✼
s✉❝❤ ❤❡ ✐s r❡❣❛r❞❡❞ ❛s ✇♦♥❞r♦✉s✳
✷✵✳ ❏✉st t❤❛t ❬tr♦♦♣ ❪ ♦❢ Rudra
✽
❤❡ ♥♦t✐❝❡s✱ ❬t❤❛t✱ ✇❤✐❝❤ ✐s❪ r❡st❧❡ss ✐♥ ♣r✐♠♦r❞✐❛❧ ❛❜♦❞❡s✱
❬❛♥❞❪ ✐♥ t❤❛t s♣♦t ✇❤❡r❡✐♥ ❞✐s❝❡r♥✐♥❣ ♦♥❡s
❞✐r❡❝t ❬t❤❡✐r❪ ❛tt❡♥t✐♦♥✳
✷✶✳ ■❢ t❤♦✉ ✇♦✉❧❞ ♣r❡❢❡r ♠② ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s❤✐♣✱
❞r✐♥❦ t❤✐s ❤❡r❜
❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ✇❤✐❝❤ ✇❡ ✇❡♥t ❜❡②♦♥❞
❛❧❧ ❤❛tr❡❞s✦
✖✖
✷✷✳ ❲❤❡♥ ❢♦r t❤❡❡✱ ❖ ❧♦♥❣✐♥❣ ❢♦r ❛ ❝❤❛♥t Indra✱
❛ s✐♥❣❡r ♦❢ ❤②♠♥s ✇✐❧❧ ❜❡ ♠♦st ❛✉s♣✐❝✐♦✉s❄
❲❤❡♥ ✇✐❧❧ t❤♦✉ ♣✉t ✉s ✐♥t♦ ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧
❝♦♥s✐st✐♥❣ ♦❢ ❤♦rs❡s ✱ ❝♦♥s✐st✐♥❣ ♦❢ ❝♦✇s ❬tr❡❛s✉r❡❪❄
✾ ✶✵
✷✸✳ ❆♥❞ t❤② t✇♦ ❤✐❣❤❧② ♣r❛✐s❡❞ t❛✇♥② ❜✉❧❧s
✶✶
❝❛rr② t❤❡ ❝❤❛r✐♦t
t♦✇❛r❞s t❤❡ ♠♦st ✐♥t♦①✐❝❛t✐♥❣ ❬❞r✐♥❦❪ ♦❢ ❤✐♠ ✱
✶✷
✇❤♦ ✐s ♥♦t s✉❜❥❡❝t t♦ ♦❧❞ ❛❣❡✱ ✇❤♦♠ ✇❡ ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤✳
✷✹✳ ❍✐♠ ✇❡ ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤✱ ♠✉❝❤✲❡✉❧♦❣✐③❡❞ r❡st❧❡ss ♦♥❡
t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ♣r✐♠♦r❞✐❛❧ ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❤❡❧♣✐♥❣ ✖
♥♦✇ ❤❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❝❡rt❛✐♥❧② s❡tt❧❡
♦♥t♦ ❢❛✈♦✉r✐t❡ s❛❝r✐✜❝✐❛❧ ❣r❛ss✳
✖✖

✼✐♥♥❡r Soma
✽ śárdhas
✖ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✾✳✷✹✳✻
✾r❤②t❤♠s
✶✵❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s
✶✶ Indra
✶✷ Soma
✬s
✾✹✻

várdhasvā sú purus..tuta .ŕ.sis..tutābhirūtı́bhih. |

dhuks.ásva pipyús.ı̄mı́s.amávā ca nah. || 25 ||

ı́ndra tvámavitédası̄tthā´ stuvató adrivah. |

.rtā´diyarmi te dhı́yam. manoyújam || 26 ||

ihá tyā´ sadhamā´dyā yujānáh. sómapı̄taye |

hárı̄ indra pratádvasū abhı́ svara || 27 ||

abhı́ svarantu yé táva rudrā´sah. saks.ata śrı́yam |

utó marútvatı̄rvı́śo abhı́ práyah. || 28 ||

imā´ asya prátūrtayah. padám

. jus.anta yáddivı́ |
nā´bhā yajñásya sám
. dadhuryáthā vidé || 29 ||

. dı̄rghā´ya cáks.ase prā´ci prayatyàdhvaré |

ayám
mı́mı̄te yajñámānus.ágvicáks.ya || 30 ||
 ✾✹✼

✷✺✳ ●r♦✇ ♠✉❝❤ str♦♥❣❡r✱ ❖ ♠✉❝❤✲❡✉❧♦❣✐③❡❞ ♦♥❡✱

t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ♣r❛✐s❡❞✲❜②✲s❡❡rs s✐❞❡✲❡✛❡❝ts✦
❉r❛✇ t❤❡ s✇❡❧❧✐♥❣ ❞r❛✉❣❤t✱
❛♥❞ ❤❡❧♣ ✉s✦
✷✻✳ ❖ Indra✱ t❤♦✉ ❛r❡ ✐♥❞❡❡❞ ❛ ❤❡❧♣❡r✱
❬t❤♦✉❪ tr✉❧② ❬❛r❡ ❛ ❤❡❧♣❡r❪ ♦❢ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ♣r❛✐s❡s ✇✐t❤ ❤②♠♥s✱
❖ st♦♥❡✲✇✐❡❧❞❡r✦
❇❡❝❛✉s❡ ♦❢ ❬❡①♣❡r✐❡♥❝✐♥❣❪ ❝♦❤❡r❡♥❝❡✱ ■ r❛✐s❡ ❢♦r t❤② s❛❦❡
❤❛r♥❡ss✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♠✐♥❞ ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥✳
✷✼✳ ■♥ t❤✐s ❝❛s❡✱ ❥♦✐♥✐♥❣ t❤♦s❡ t✇♦
❝♦♥✈✐✈✐❛❧ ♦♥❡s t♦ ❞r✐♥❦ Soma✱
t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s ✇❤♦s❡ ❜❡♥❡✜t ✐s ✏❢♦rt❤ t♦ t❤❛t✑
✶✸ ✱
❥♦✐♥ ❬✉s❪ ✐♥ s✐♥❣✐♥❣✱ ❖ Indra✦
✖✖
✷✽✳ ▲❡t ❬t❤♦s❡❪ ✇❤♦ ❛r❡ t❤✐♥❡ ❥♦✐♥ ✐♥ s✐♥❣✐♥❣✱
Rudra✲s s❤❛❧❧ ❛ss✐st ❬t❤❡✐r❪ ❣♦♦❞ ❢♦rt✉♥❡✱
❛♥❞ ❬s♦ s❤❛❧❧❪ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ Marut✲s ❝❧❛♥s
❢♦r ❬t❤②❪ ❞❡❧✐❣❤t✳
✷✾✳ ❙✐♥❝❡ t❤❡s❡ ❤✐s ✈✐♦❧❡♥t ♠♦t✐♦♥s
❢r❡q✉❡♥t ❛ tr❛❝❦ t❤❛t ❬✐s❪ ✐♥ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥✱
t❤❡② ❝♦♠❡ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ❛t t❤❡ ❥✉♥❝t✐♦♥s ♦❢ ✜r❡ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣
❛s ✐s ❦♥♦✇♥✳
✸✵✳ ❚❤✐s ♦♥❡ ✖ t♦ ♦❜s❡r✈❡ ❬❤✐♠❪ ❛t ❧❡♥❣t❤
❞✉r✐♥❣ ❛❞✈❛♥❝❡❞ ❛❝t✐✈❡ ♣r♦❝❡❡❞✐♥❣ ♦♥ ✐ts ✇❛② ❬s❛❝r✐✜❝❡❪ ✖
s❡❡✐♥❣ ❝❧❡❛r❧② ✇✐t❤♦✉t ❛♥ ✐♥t❡rr✉♣t✐♦♥✱
♠❛r❦s ♦✛ ❬st❛❣❡s ♦❢ ❪ t❤❡ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡✳
✖✖

✶✸ ❢♦❧❧♦✇✐♥❣ ❬❏❛♠✐s♦♥ ❛♥❞ ❇r❡r❡t♦♥✱ ✷✵✶✹✱ ♣✳✶✵✺✺❪

✾✹✽

vŕ..sāyámindra te rátha utó te vŕ..san.ā hárı̄ |

. śatakrato vŕ..sā hávah. || 31 ||
vŕ..sā tvám

vŕ..sā grā´vā vŕ..sā mádo vŕ..sā sómo ayám

. sutáh. |
vŕ..sā yajñó yámı́nvasi vŕ..sā hávah. || 32 ||

. huve vájriñcitrā´bhirūtı́bhih. |
vŕ..sā tvā vŕ..san.am
vāvántha hı́ prátis..tutim. vŕ..sā hávah. || 33 ||
 ✾✹✾

✸✶✳ ❚❤✐s ❜✉❧❧ ❬✐s❪ t❤②✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❝❤❛r✐♦t✱

❛♥❞ ❬t❤❡s❡ ❛r❡❪ t❤② t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ❜✉❧❧s❀
t❤♦✉✱ ❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ✇✐❧❡s ♦♥❡✱ ❛r❡ ❛ ❜✉❧❧✱
❬t❤✐s❪ ✐♥✈♦❝❛t✐♦♥ ✐s ✐♠♣r❡❣♥❛t✐♥❣✳
✸✷✳ ❆ s✐♥❣❡r ✐s ❛ ❜✉❧❧✱ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t✐♦♥ ✐s ✐♠♣r❡❣♥❛t✐♥❣✱
t❤✐s ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ Soma ✐s ✐♠♣r❡❣♥❛t✐♥❣✱
✐♠♣r❡❣♥❛t✐♥❣ ✐s ❛ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡ t❤❛t t❤♦✉ ✐♥✈✐❣♦r❛t❡✱
❬t❤✐s❪ ✐♥✈♦❝❛t✐♦♥ ✐s ✐♠♣r❡❣♥❛t✐♥❣✳
✸✸✳ ❇❡✐♥❣ ❛ ❜✉❧❧✱ ■ ❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥ t❤❡❡✱ ❛ ❜✉❧❧✱
❖ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲✇✐❡❧❞❡r✱
t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ✈❛r✐♦✉s s✐❞❡✲❡✛❡❝ts❀
s✐♥❝❡ t❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ♣❧❛❝❡❞ ✇✐t❤✐♥ ❬t❤②❪ r❡❛❝❤ ❛ ❝♦♠♣❡t✐♥❣ ♣r❛✐s❡✱
❬t❤✐s ♠②❪ ✐♥✈♦❝❛t✐♦♥ ✐s ✐♠♣r❡❣♥❛t✐♥❣✳
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✽✳✶✹

Gos.ūktin Kān.vāyana✱ Aśvasūktin Kān.vāyana | Gāyatrı̄ | t♦ Indra

yádindrāhám. yáthā tvám´ı̄śı̄ya vásva éka ı́t |

stotā´ me gós.akhā syāt || 1 ||

śı́ks.eyamasmai dı́tseyam . śácı̄pate manı̄s.ı́n.e |

yádahám . gópatih
. sy ´
ā m || 2 ||

dhenús..ta indra sūnŕ.tā yájamānāya sunvaté |

gā´máśvam
. pipyús.ı̄ duhe || 3 ||

ná te vartā´sti rā´dhasa ı́ndra devó ná mártyah. |

yáddı́tsasi stutó maghám || 4 ||

yajñá ı́ndramavardhayadyádbhū´mim
. vyávartayat |
cakrān.á opaśám
. divı́ || 5 ||

vāvr.dhānásya te vayám . vı́śvā dhánāni jigyús.ah. |

ūtı́mindrā´ vr.n.ı̄mahe || 6 ||

vyàntáriks.amatiranmáde sómasya rocanā´ |

ı́ndro yádábhinadvalám || 7 ||

údgā´ ājadáṅgirobhya āvı́s.kr.n.vángúhā sat´ı̄h. |

arvā´ñcam . nunude valám || 8 ||

ı́ndren.a rocanā´ divó dr...dhā´ni dr.m

. hitā´ni ca |
sthirā´n.i ná parān.úde || 9 ||
 ✾✺✶

✶✳ ■❢ ■ ❬✇❡r❡❪ ❛s t❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱

t❤❡ ♦♥❧② ♦♥❡ t♦ ❝♦♠♠❛♥❞ t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡✱
♠② ❤②♠♥✲s✐♥❣❡r ❝♦✉❧❞ ❜❡ ❛ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥ t♦ ❝♦✇s✳
✷✳ ■ ✇♦✉❧❞ s❡❡❦ t♦ ❤❡❧♣ ❤✐♠✱ ■ ✇♦✉❧❞ ✇✐s❤ t♦ ❣✐✈❡ ❬✐t❪✱
❖ ♠❛st❡r ♦❢ ♠✐❣❤t② ❛ss✐st❛♥❝❡✱ t♦ ❛ ❧❡❛r♥❡❞ ♦♥❡ ✖
✐❢ ■ ✇❡r❡ ❛ ♠❛st❡r ♦❢ ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s✳ ✶
✸✳ ❚❤② ♠✐❧❝❤✲❝♦✇ ✐s q✉✐t❡ s✉✐t❛❜❧❡
❢♦r ♣r❡ss✐♥❣✲Soma s❛❝r✐✜❝❡r❀
s✇❡❧❧❡❞✱ s❤❡ ②✐❡❧❞s ❛ ❝♦✇ ✱ ❛ ❤♦rs❡ ✳
✷ ✸
✖✖
✹✳ ❚❤❡r❡ ✐s ❬♥❡✐t❤❡r❪ deva✱ ♥♦r ♠♦rt❛❧✱ ❖ Indra✱
✇❤♦ ❝❛♥ ❦❡❡♣ t❤❡❡ ❜❛❝❦ ❢r♦♠ s❛t✐s❢②✐♥❣ ❬t❤②❪ ❞❡s✐r❡ ✖
✇❤❡♥ t❤♦✉✱ ❡✉❧♦❣✐③❡❞✱ ✇✐s❤ t♦ ❣r❛♥t t❤❡ ❜♦✉♥t②✳
✺✳ ❋✐r❡ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣ ♠❛❞❡ Indra str♦♥❣❡r
✇❤❡♥✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ♠❛❞❡ ❛ ❝✉s❤✐♦♥ ✐♥ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥✱
✐t ♠❛❞❡ t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤ t♦ ❣♦ ❤❛②✇✐r❡✳
✹
✻✳ ❲❡ ♣r❡❢❡r✱ ❖ Indra✱
❛❧❧ ♣r✐③❡s ♦❢ ❛ ✇✐♥♥❡r✱
t❤❡ ❤❡❧♣ ♦❢ t❤❡❡ ✇❤♦ ❤❛✈❡ ❣r♦✇♥ str♦♥❣✳
✖✖
✼✳ ❲❤❡♥ Indra ❞✐❞ r❡♥❞ ❛s✉♥❞❡r t❤❡ ❝❛✈❡r♥✱
✐♥ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ Soma✱ ❤❡ tr❛✈❡rs❡❞
t❤❡ ✐♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ s♣❛❝❡✱ ❬❛♥❞❪ ❧✉♠✐♥♦✉s s♣❤❡r❡s✳
✽✳ ❍❡ ❞r♦✈❡ ✉♣ t❤❡ ❝♦✇s ❢♦r aṅgiras✲❡s
✺
❡✈✐❞❡♥t❧② ♠❛❦✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡♠❪ ♣r❡s❡♥t ✐♥ t❤❡ s❡❝r❡t ♣❧❛❝❡ ✖
❤❡ ❤❛s t❤r✉st❡❞ t✉r♥❡❞ ❤✐t❤❡r✇❛r❞ ❝❛✈❡r♥✳
✾✳ ❇② Indra ❧✉♠✐♥♦✉s s♣❤❡r❡s ♦❢ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥
❬❛r❡ ♠❛❞❡❪ ✜r♠✱ ❛♥❞ ❢♦rt✐✜❡❞✱ ❛♥❞ st❡❛❞②
❬s♦ ❛s❪ ♥♦t t♦ ❜❡ ♣✉s❤❡❞ ❛s✐❞❡✳
✖✖

✶ ❱❡rs❡s ✶ ❛♥❞ ✷ ❤❛✈❡ s♦♠❡ ♣❛r❛❧❧❡❧s ✇✐t❤ ✼✳✸✷✳✶✽✱✶✾

✷ ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥
✸ r❤②t❤♠
✹ ❂ ♣❤②s✐❝❛❧ ❜♦❞②
✺ ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥
✾✺✷

apā´mūrmı́rmádanniva stóma indrājirāyate |

vı́ te mádā arājis.uh. || 10 ||

. hı́ stomavárdhana ı́ndrā´syukthavárdhanah. |

tvám
stotr̄.n.ā´mutá bhadrakŕ.t || 11 ||

ı́ndramı́tkeśı́nā hárı̄ somapéyāya vaks.atah. |

. surā´dhasam || 12 ||
úpa yajñám

apā´m. phénena námuceh. śı́ra indródavartayah. |

vı́śvā yádájaya spŕ.dhah. || 13 ||

māyā´bhirutsı́sr.psata ı́ndra dyā´mārúruks.atah. |

. radhūnuthāh. || 14 ||
áva dásyūm̃

asunvā´mindra sam . sádam . vyànāśayah. |

. vı́s.ūcı̄m
somapā´ úttaro bhávan || 15 ||
 ✾✺✸

✶✵✳ ▲✐❦❡ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t✐♥❣ ✇❛✈❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❬✐♥♥❡r❪ ✇❛t❡rs✱

❛ ❤②♠♥ ♦❢ ♣r❛✐s❡✱ ❖ Indra✱ ✐s ❛❝t✐♥❣ q✉✐❝❦❧②❀
t❤② r❛♣t✉r❡s ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t❡✳
✶✶✳ ❙✐♥❝❡ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❛r❡ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥✐♥❣ ❤②♠♥s ♦❢ ♣r❛✐s❡✱
str❡♥❣t❤❡♥✐♥❣ r❡❝✐t❡❞ ✈❡rs❡s✱
❛♥❞ ❬❛r❡❪ ❤②♠♥✲s✐♥❣❡rs✬ ❝❛✉s❡ ♦❢ ❛✉s♣✐❝✐♦✉s ❬st❛t❡ ♦❢ ♠✐♥❞❪✱
✶✷✳ ✐t ✐s ❥✉st Indra ✇❤♦♠ t✇♦ ❤❛✐r② t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s
✇♦✉❧❞ ❝♦♥✈❡② t♦ ✇❡❧❧✲s❛t✐s❢②✐♥❣ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡
❢♦r ❛ ❞r✐♥❦ ♦❢ Soma✳
✖✖
✶✸✳ ❲✐t❤ ❢♦❛♠ ♦❢ t❤❡ ✇❛t❡rs t❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱
❞✐❞ ❝❛✉s❡ t❤❡ ❤❡❛❞ ♦❢ Namuci t♦ t✉r♥ ✉♣ ✖
✇❤❡♥ t❤♦✉ ❞❡❢❡❛t❡❞ ❛❧❧ ❛❞✈❡rs❛r✐❡s✳
✶✹✳ ■♠♣✉❧s❡s t♦ s✉✛❡r ✇❛♥t✱
❛tt❡♠♣t✐♥❣ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ♣♦✇❡rs t♦ ❢r❛♠❡ ❬❝♦❣♥✐t✐♦♥❪
t♦ ❝r❡❡♣ ✉♣ ❬❛♥❞❪ t♦ ❜r❡❛❦ ✉♣ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥✱
t❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra ❞✐❞ s❤❛❦❡ ♦✛✳
✶✺✳ ❆♥ ❛ss❡♠❜❧② ❬t❤❛t ✇❛s❪ ♥♦t ♣r❡ss✐♥❣ Soma
❬t❤❛t ✇❛s❪ ✏t✉r♥❡❞ ✐♥ ❜♦t❤ ❞✐r❡❝t✐♦♥s✑
✻ t❤♦✉ ♠❛❞❡ t♦ ❞✐s❛♣♣❡❛r❀
❛ ❞r✐♥❦❡r ♦❢ Soma ✐s ❜❡❝♦♠✐♥❣ s✉♣❡r✐♦r✳

❚❤❡ ♣❤r❛s❡ ✏t♦ ❞❛s❤ t♦ ♣✐❡❝❡s t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥✑ ✐♥ ✈❡rs❡ ✶✹ ♣r♦❜❛❜❧②

♠❡❛♥s ✏t♦ ❞❡str♦② ✉♥✐t❛r② st❛t❡ ♦❢ ♠✐♥❞ t❤✉s ❧❡❛❞✐♥❣ ✐t t♦ ❛ ❢r❛❣✲
♠❡♥t❡❞✱ ♦r❞✐♥❛r② st❛t❡✑✳

✻ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❞✐✈✐❞❡❞ ❧♦②❛❧t✐❡s

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✽✳✶✺

Gos.ūktin Kān.vāyana✱ Aśvasūktin Kān.vāyana | Us.n.ih | t♦ Indra

támvabhı́ prá gāyata puruhūtám . purus..tutám |

ı́ndram
. gı̄rbhı́stavis
. ám ´
ā vivāsata || 1 ||

yásya dvibárhaso br.hátsáho dādhā´ra ródası̄ |

gir´ı̄m̃ . apáh. svàr vr..satvanā´ || 2 ||
. rájrām̃

. éko vr.trā´n.i jighnase |

sá rājasi purus..tutam̃
ı́ndra jáıtrā śravasyā` ca yántave || 3 ||

tám
. te mádam . pr.tsú sāsahı́m |
. gr.n.ı̄masi vŕ..san.am
u lokakr.tnúmadrivo hariśrı́yam || 4 ||

. .syāyáve mánave ca vivéditha |

yéna jyótı̄m
mandānó asyá barhı́s.o vı́ rājasi || 5 ||

tádadyā´ citta ukthı́nó ′nu .s.tuvanti pūrváthā |

vŕ..sapatnı̄rapó jayā divédive || 6 ||
 ✾✺✺

✶✳ ❨❡ s❤❛❧❧ st❛rt s✐♥❣✐♥❣ t♦ ❤✐♠✱

♠✉❝❤✲✐♥✈♦❦❡❞ ♠✉❝❤✲❡✉❧♦❣✐③❡❞ ♦♥❡ ✖
✇✐t❤ ❝❤❛♥ts ②❡ s❤❛❧❧ s❡❡❦ t♦ ♣❧❛❝❡ ✇✐t❤✐♥ ❬②♦✉r❪ r❡❛❝❤
Indra ❬✇❤♦ ✐s❪ ✐♥✲❝♦♥tr♦❧✳
✷✳ ❲❤♦s❡ ❛♠♣❧❡ ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ str❡♥❣t❤ ❢r♦♠ t✇✐❝❡✲s✇♦❧❧❡♥ ❬Soma❪
❤❛s ♠❛✐♥t❛✐♥❡❞ ❜♦t❤ Rodas✲❡s
t❤r♦✉❣❤♦✉t ♠♦✉♥t❛✐♥s✱ ♣❧❛✐♥s✱ ✇❛t❡rs✱ svàr ✖
❜② ❬❝❤❡❡r❪ ♠❛♥❧②♥❡ss ✖
✸✳ s✉❝❤✱ t❤♦✉ r✉❧❡✱ ❖ ♠✉❝❤✲❡✉❧♦❣✐③❡❞ ♦♥❡✳
❚❤♦✉✱ ❛❧♦♥❡✱ ❖ Indra✱ s♠❛s❤ ♦❜st❛❝❧❡s
t♦ ❡①♣❛♥❞ ❧❡❛❞✐♥❣ t♦ ✈✐❝t♦r②
❛♥❞ ✇♦rt❤② ♦❢ ❢❛♠❡ ❞❡❡❞s✳
✖✖
✹✳ ❲❡ ❡①t♦❧ t❤❛t ✇✐♥❡ ❬t❤❛t ✐s❪ ❢♦r t❤❡❡✱
✶
❬t❤❛t ✐s❪ ✐♠♣r❡❣♥❛t✐♥❣✱ ❬❛♥❞❪ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ✇❛②s t♦ ♣r❡✈❛✐❧ ✐♥ ❜❛tt❧❡s✱
❬t❤❛t ✐s❪ ❡✛❡❝t✐✈❡ ❛t ❝r❡❛t✐♥❣ ❛ ✇✐❞❡ s♣❛❝❡✱ ❖ st♦♥❡✲✇✐❡❧❞❡r✱
❬t❤❛t ✐s❪ ❛ ❜❧❡ss✐♥❣ ❢♦r t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s✱
✺✳ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ✇❤✐❝❤ t❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ❢♦✉♥❞
❢♦r ❛♥ ❛❣✐t❛t❡❞ ❛♥❞ ✐♥t❡❧❧✐❣❡♥t ❬♠❛♥❪ t❤❡ ❧✐❣❤ts✳
❇❡❝♦♠✐♥❣ ✐♥✢❛♠❡❞ ❢r♦♠ ❤✐s s❛❝r✐✜❝✐❛❧ ❣r❛ss✱
t❤♦✉ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t❡✳ ✷
✻✳ ❊✈❡♥ ♥♦✇❛❞❛②s t❤❛t ♦❢ t❤❡❡
t❤♦s❡ ✐♥ ♣♦ss❡ss✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❬t♦✲❜❡✲❪r❡❝✐t❡❞ ✈❡rs❡s
❝♦♥t✐♥✉❡ t♦ ♣r❛✐s❡ ✐♥ t❤❡ ❛♥❝✐❡♥t ❢❛s❤✐♦♥✳
❉❛②✲❛❢t❡r✲❞❛② ❞♦ ✇✐♥ t❤❡ ✇❛t❡rs ❬t❤❛t ❛r❡❪
♠✐str❡ss❡s ♦❢ t❤❡ ❜✉❧❧ ✳ ✸
✖✖

✶ ❡①tr❛❝t ♦❢ Soma
✷ ❧✐♥❡s ❝❞ ❛r❡ t❤❡ s❛♠❡ ❛s ✽✳✶✸✳✹❝❞
✸ Soma
✾✺✻

táva tyádindriyám . br.háttáva śús.mamutá krátum |

vájram. śiśāti . án.ā váren.yam || 7 ||
dhis

táva dyaurindra
´ paum
´ . syam. pr.thiv´ı̄ vardhati śrávah. |
´ ´
tvāmāpah. párvatāsaśca hinvire || 8 ||

tvā´m
. vı́s.n.urbr.hánks.áyo mitró gr.n.āti várun.ah. |
tvā´m
. śárdho madatyánu mā´rutam || 9 ||

tvám
. vŕ..sā jánānām
. mám . his..tha indra jajñis.e |
satrā´ vı́śvā svapatyā´ni dadhis.e || 10 ||

satrā´ tvám . éko vr.trā´n.i tośase |

. purus..tutam̃
nā´nyá ı́ndrātkáran.am
. bhū´ya invati || 11 ||

yádindra manmaśástvā nā´nā hávanta ūtáye |

asmā´kebhirnŕ.bhirátrā svàrjaya || 12 ||
 ✾✺✼

✼✳ ❆♥ ❡✛♦rt t♦ ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❡ s❤❛r♣❡♥s

t❤❛t t❤② ✈❛st ♣♦✇❡r ♦✈❡r ❛✛❡❝t✐♦♥s✱
t❤② ❢❡r✈♦r✱ ❛♥❞ r❡s♦✉r❝❡❢✉❧♥❡ss✱
t❤❡ t♦✲❜❡✲♣r❡❢❡rr❡❞ ❬❛s ❛ ✇❡❛♣♦♥❪ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✳
✽✳ ❚❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ❬str❡♥❣t❤❡♥s❪ t❤② ♠❛♥❧② str❡♥❣t❤✱
t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥s ❬t❤②❪ ❛✉❞✐t♦r② ✐♠♣r❡ss✐♦♥✱
t❤❡ ✇❛t❡rs ❛♥❞ ❦♥♦tt② ♦♥❡s✹
s❡t t❤❡❡ ✐♥ ♠♦t✐♦♥✳
✾✳ ❙✐♥❝❡ Vis.n.u ✭❬t❤❛t ✐s❪✱ ❛♥ ❡①♣❛♥❞✐♥❣ ❛❜♦❞❡✮✱
Mitra✱ Varun.a ❡①t♦❧ t❤❡❡✱
❛ tr♦♦♣ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ Marut✲s✬ tr❛✐t
r❡❥♦✐❝❡s ♦✈❡r t❤❡❡✳
✖✖
✶✵✳ ❖❢ ❬t❤❡s❡❪ ♣❡♦♣❧❡ t❤♦✉ ❛r❡ t❤❡ ❜✉❧❧✱
t❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❡❞ t❤②s❡❧❢ ❛s ♠♦st ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s❀
t❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ❛❧✇❛②s ❛❝❝❡♣t❡❞ ❛❧❧
❣♦♦❞ ❞❡s❝❡♥❞❛♥ts✳
✶✶✳ ❚❤♦✉ ❛❧♦♥❡✱ ❖ ♠✉❝❤✲❡✉❧♦❣✐③❡❞ ♦♥❡✱
❛❧✇❛②s ❛♠❛ss ♦❜st❛❝❧❡s ❬❢♦r t❤②s❡❧❢❪❀
◆♦ ♦♥❡ ♦t❤❡r t❤❛♥ Indra
✐♥❢✉s❡s ♠♦r❡ str❡♥❣t❤ ✐♥t♦ ❛♥ ❛❝t✐♦♥✳
✶✷✳ ❲❤❡♥✱ ❖ Indra✱ t❤❡② ❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥ t❤❡❡ t♦ ❤❡❧♣✱
s❡♣❛r❛t❡❧②✱ ❡❛❝❤ ❛❝❝♦r❞✐♥❣ t♦ ❤✐s ♦✇♥ ❞❡s✐r❡✱
❬t❤❡♥❪ ✐♥ t❤❛t ❝❛s❡✱ ❞♦ ✇✐♥ svàr
❬❜❡✐♥❣❪ ✇✐t❤ ♦✉r ♠❡♥✳
✖✖

✹ ❥♦✐♥ts ♦❢ t❤❡ ❜♦❞②

✾✺✽

áram. ks.áyāya no mahé vı́śvā rūpā´n.yāviśán |

ı́ndram. jáıtrāya hars.ayā śácı̄pátim || 13 ||
 ✾✺✾

✶✸✳ ❊♥t❡r✐♥❣ ✜tt✐♥❣❧② ❢♦r ♦✉r ♠✐❣❤t② ❛❜♦❞❡

❛❧❧ ❢♦r♠s ❬♦❢ t❤❡ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r❪✺
❞♦ t❤♦✉✻ ♠❛❦❡ Indra✱ t❤❡ ♠❛st❡r ♦❢ ♠✐❣❤t② ❛ss✐st❛♥❝❡✱
❡①❝✐t❡❞ ❬❡♥♦✉❣❤❪ t♦ ❜❡ ✈✐❝t♦r✐♦✉s✳

✺ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✽✳✶✳✹❝❞

✻ Soma
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✽✳✶✻

Irimbit.hi Kān.va | Gāyatrı̄ | t♦ Indra

prá samrā´jam . cars.an.ı̄nā´mı́ndram . gı̄rbhı́h. |

. stotā návyam
náram nr
. .. s ´
ā ham. mám his
. .. t ham || 1 ||

yásminnukthā´ni rán.yanti vı́śvāni ca śravasyā` |

apā´mávo ná samudré || 2 ||

. sus..tutyā´ vivāse jyes..tharā´jam

tám . bháre kr.tnúm |
mahó vājı́nam . sanı́bhyah. || 3 ||

yásyā´nūnā gabhı̄rā´ mádā urávastárutrāh. |

hars.umántah. śū´rasātau || 4 ||

támı́ddhánes.u hités.vadhivākā´ya havante |

yés.āmı́ndrasté jayanti || 5 ||

támı́ccyautnáırā´ryanti tám . kr.tébhiścars.an.áyah. |

es.á ı́ndro varivaskŕ.t || 6 ||
 ✾✻✶

✶✳ ❉♦ ②❡ ❡✉❧♦❣✐③❡ ❛♥❡✇✱ ✇✐t❤ ❝❤❛♥ts✱

t❤❡ ❥♦✐♥t r✉❧❡r ♦❢ ❞r❛✇✐♥❣ t♦ t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s ✖ Indra✱✶
t❤❡ ♠♦st ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♠❛♥ ♦✈❡r❝♦♠✐♥❣ ❬♦t❤❡r❪ ♠❡♥✱
✷✳ ✇❤♦♠ r❡❝✐t❡❞ ✈❡rs❡s ❛♥❞
❛❧❧ ✇♦rt❤②✲♦❢✲❢❛♠❡ ❞❡❡❞s ❞❡❧✐❣❤t ✖
❧✐❦❡ ❛ss✐st❛♥❝❡ ♦❢ ✇❛t❡rs ❬❞❡❧✐❣❤ts❪ t❤❡ s❡❛ ✳ ✷
✸✳ ❲✐t❤ ❛ ❝♦rr❡❝t❧② ❛rt✐❝✉❧❛t❡❞ ♣r❛✐s❡ ■ ✇✐s❤ t♦ ✇✐♥ ♦✈❡r ❤✐♠✖
t❤❡ ♣r❡❡♠✐♥❡♥t s♦✈❡r❡✐❣♥ ❬✇❤♦ ✐s❪ ❡✛❡❝t✐✈❡ ✐♥ ❛ ❜❛tt❧❡✱
❬✇❤♦ ✐s❪ ❣❧❛❞❧② ❡♠♣❧♦②✐♥❣ t❤❡ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r
❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ r❡✇❛r❞s✳
✖✖
✹✳ ❲❤♦s❡ ♠②st❡r✐♦✉s ❤❛✈✐♥❣✲❢✉❧❧✲♣♦✇❡r r❛♣t✉r❡s
❛r❡ s♣❛❝✐♦✉s ❬❛♥❞❪ ❝❛rr②✐♥❣ ❛❝r♦ss✱
❬❛♥❞✱❪ ✐♥ ❣❛✐♥✐♥❣ ❛♥ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱
r✐❝❤ ✐♥ ❤❛✐r✲❜r✐st❧✐♥❣ ❡①❝✐t❡♠❡♥t ✖
✺✳ ❥✉st ❤✐♠ t❤❡② ❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥ ❞✉r✐♥❣ ❛rr❛♥❣❡❞ ❝♦♥t❡sts
t♦ ❛❞✈♦❝❛t❡ ❬♦♥ t❤❡✐r ❜❡❤❛❧❢❪❀
t❤❡② ✇✐♥ ✇❤♦s❡ Indra ❬✐s❪✳
✻✳ ❏✉st ❤✐♠ t❤♦s❡ t❤❛t ❞r❛✇ t♦ t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s✱
❤✐♠ t❤❡② ❡❧❡✈❛t❡ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ♣r❡♣❛r❡❞ ❝♦♥tr✐✈❛♥❝❡s❀
t❤✐s Indra ❬✐s❪ ❝r❡❛t✐♥❣ ♠❡♥t❛❧ s♣❛❝❡✳
✖✖

✶ s❡♥s❡s
✷ ❂ ❜✐❣ ❧❛❦❡ t❤❡ ❧❡✈❡❧ ♦❢ ✇❤✐❝❤ ✐s ❝❤❛♥❣❡❞ ❜② ✇❛t❡rs ❝❛rr✐❡❞ ❜② r✐✈❡rs
✾✻✷

ı́ndro brahméndra .ŕ.sirı́ndrah. purū´ puruhūtáh. |

mahā´nmah´ı̄bhih. śácı̄bhih. || 7 ||

sá stómyah. sá hávyah. satyáh. sátvā tuvikūrmı́h. |

ékaścitsánnabhı́bhūtih. || 8 ||

. sā´mabhistám
támarkébhistám . gāyatráıścars.an.áyah. |
ı́ndram
. vardhanti ks
. itáyah
. || 9 ||

pran.etā´ram
. vásyo áchā kártāram. jyótih. samátsu |
sāsahvā´m sam
. . yudh ´
ā mı́trān || 10 ||

sá nah. páprih. pārayāti svastı́ nāvā´ puruhūtáh. |

ı́ndro vı́śvā áti dvı́s.ah. || 11 ||

. na indra vā´jebhirdaśasyā´ ca gātuyā´ ca |

sá tvám
áchā ca nah. sumnám . nes.i || 12 ||
 ✾✻✸

✼✳ Indra ❬✐s❪ t❤❡ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t♦r✱ Indra ❬✐s❪ t❤❡ s❡❡r✱

Indra ❬✐s❪ ♦❢t❡♥ ♠✉❝❤✲✐♥✈♦❦❡❞✱
❬❤❡✱❪ ♠✐❣❤t② t❤r♦✉❣❤ ♣♦t❡♥t ❡♥❛❜❧✐♥❣ ♣♦✇❡rs ✳
✸
✽✳ ❍❡ ❬✐s❪ t♦ ❜❡ ♣r❛✐s❡❞ ✇✐t❤ ❤②♠♥s✱ ❤❡ ✐s t♦ ❜❡ s✉♠♠♦♥❡❞ ✖
❛ r❡❛❧ ✜❣❤t❡r ✇❤♦ s❤✐❡❧❞s str♦♥❣❧②
❜❡✐♥❣ ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ ❡✈❡♥ ✇❤❡♥ ❬❢❛❝✐♥❣ ♦♣♣♦♥❡♥ts❪ ❛❧♦♥❡✳
✾✳ ❍✐♠ ✇✐t❤ ❤②♠♥s ♦❢ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t✐♦♥✱ ❤✐♠ ✇✐t❤ sāman✲s✹ ✱
❤✐♠ ✇✐t❤ ❤②♠♥s ✐♥ Gāyatrı̄ ♠❡t❡r✱ Indra✱
t❤❡ ❝❧❛♥s ✏t❤❛t ❞r❛✇ t♦ t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s✑ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥✱
✶✵✳ ❬❤✐♠✱❪ ✇❤♦ ❧❡❛❞s t♦✇❛r❞s ✇❤❛t ✐s ❜❡tt❡r
✇❤♦ ❝❛✉s❡s t❤❡ ❧✐❣❤t ❞✉r✐♥❣ ❝❧❛s❤❡s✱
✇❤♦ ♦✈❡r❝❛♠❡ ❤♦st✐❧❡s ❜② ✜❣❤t✐♥❣✱
✶✶✳ s♦ t❤❛t ❤❡✱ ♦✉r r❡s❝✉❡r✱ ✇♦✉❧❞ ❜r✐♥❣ ❬✉s❪ ♦✈❡r
t♦ ✇❡❧❧✲❜❡✐♥❣ ❬❛s ✐❢ ❪ ❜② s❤✐♣ ✖ ❬❤❡✱❪ ♠✉❝❤ ✐♥✈♦❦❡❞✱
Indra✱ ❬✇♦✉❧❞ ❜r✐♥❣ ✉s❪ ❜❡②♦♥❞ ❛❧❧ ❤❛tr❡❞s✳
✖✖
✶✷✳ ❙✉❝❤ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ ✇✐t❤ r✉s❤❡s ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r
❞♦ r❡♥❞❡r ✉s ❛ s❡r✈✐❝❡ ❛♥❞ ♣r♦✈✐❞❡ ❛♥ ✉♥♦❜str✉❝t❡❞ ✇❛②
s♦ ❛s t♦ ❣✉✐❞❡ ✉s t♦ ❛ ❤✐❣❤s♣✐r✐t❡❞ ♠✐♥❞s❡t✦

✸ t❤✐s ❧✐♥❡ ✐s t❤❡ s❛♠❡ ❛s ✽✳✷✳✸✷❝

✹ ✈❡rs❡s r❡❝✐t❡❞ t♦ s♣❡❝✐❛❧ t✉♥❡s
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✽✳✶✼

Irimbit.hi Kān.va | ✶✕✶✸ Gāyatrı̄✱ ✶✹ Br.hatı̄✱✶✺ Satobr.hatı̄ | t♦ Indra

ā´ yāhi sus.umā´ hı́ ta ı́ndra sómam . pı́bā imám |

édám. barhı́h
. sado máma || 1 ||

ā´ tvā brahmayújā hárı̄ váhatāmindra keśı́nā |

úpa bráhmān.i nah. śr.n.u || 2 ||

brahmā´n.astvā vayám
. yujā´ somapā´mindra somı́nah. |
sutā´vanto havāmahe || 3 ||

ā´ no yāhi sutā´vato ′smā´kam

. sus..tut´ı̄rúpa |
pı́bā sú śiprinnándhasah. || 4 ||

ā´ te siñcāmi kuks.yóránu gā´trā vı́ dhāvatu |

gr.bhāyá jihváyā mádhu || 5 ||

. súde mádhumāntanvè táva |

svādús..te astu sam
sómah. śámastu te hr.dé || 6 ||

. vr.tah. |
ayámu tvā vicars.an.e jánı̄rivābhı́ sám
prá sóma indra sarpatu || 7 ||

tuvigr´ı̄vo vapódarah. subāhúrándhaso máde |

ı́ndro vr.trā´n.i jighnate || 8 ||

ı́ndra préhi purástvám . vı́śvasyéśāna ójasā |

vr.trā´n.i vr.trahañjahi || 9 ||

dı̄rgháste astvaṅkuśó yénā vásu prayáchasi |

yájamānāya sunvaté || 10 ||

ayám . ta indra sómo nı́pūto ádhi barhı́s.i |

éhı̄masyá drávā pı́ba || 11 ||
 ✾✻✺

✶✳ ❏♦✉r♥❡② ❤❡r❡ ✖ ❜❡❝❛✉s❡ ■ ❤❛✈❡ ♣r❡ss❡❞ Soma

❢♦r t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❞r✐♥❦ ✐t✦
❚❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ s✐t ❤❡r❡✱ ♦♥ t❤✐s ✖ ♠✐♥❡ ✖ s❛❝r✐✜❝✐❛❧ ❣r❛ss✳
✷✳ ❚❤❡ t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ❤❛✐r②✱ ②♦❦❡❞ ❜② ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥ ♦♥❡s
s❤❛❧❧ ❝♦♥✈❡② t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❤❡r❡✳
●✐✈❡ ❡❛r t♦ ♦✉r ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥✦
✖✖
✸✳ ❲❡✱ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t♦rs t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ②♦❦❡♠❛t❡ ✱
✶
✇❡✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❡①tr❛❝t✱ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣ Soma✱ ❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥ t❤❡❡✱
❖ Indra✱ ❛ Soma✲❞r✐♥❦❡r✳
✹✳ ❏♦✉r♥❡② t♦✇❛r❞s ✉s✱ ✇❤♦ ❤❛✈❡ t❤❡ ❡①tr❛❝t✱
❝❧♦s❡r t♦ ♦✉r ❝♦rr❡❝t❧② ❛rt✐❝✉❧❛t❡❞ ♣r❛✐s❡❀
❞r✐♥❦ ✇❡❧❧✱ ❖ s❡❧❡❝t✐✈❡ ♦♥❡✱ t❤❡ ❤❡r❜✳
✖✖
✺✳ ■ ✇❡t t❤② t✇♦ ❝❛✈✐t✐❡s❀
▲❡t ✐t r✉♥ t❤r♦✉❣❤ t❤❡ ❧✐♠❜s✱
✷
❣r❛s♣ t❤❡ ❤♦♥❡② ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ t♦♥❣✉❡✦
✻✳ ▼❛② ✐t ❜❡ ♣❛❧❛t❛❜❧❡ ❢♦r t❤❡❡ ✐♥ ♦r❞❡r t♦ t❛st❡ ✇❡❧❧✱
r✐❝❤ ✐♥ ❤♦♥❡② ❢♦r t❤② ❜♦❞②✱
♠❛② Soma ❜❡ ❛✉s♣✐❝✐♦✉s ❢♦r t❤② ❤❡❛rt✦
✼✳ ▲❡t ✐♥❞❡❡❞ t❤✐s Soma✱ ❝♦♠♣❧❡t❡❧② ❡♥✈❡❧♦♣❡❞ ❬✇✐t❤ ♠✐❧❦❪✱
❣❧✐❞❡ ✐♥t♦ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ ❞✐s❡♥❣❛❣✐♥❣ ♦♥❡✱
❧✐❦❡ ❬✐t ❞♦❡s❪ ✐♥t♦ ✜♥❣❡rs ✱ ❖ Indra✦
✸
✖✖
✽✳ ❙tr♦♥❣✲♥❡❝❦❡❞✱ ❢❛t✲❜❡❧❧✐❡❞✱
❤❛✈✐♥❣ str♦♥❣ ❛r♠s Indra
✐♥ r❛♣t✉r❡ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ❤❡r❜ s♠❛s❤❡s ♦❜st❛❝❧❡s✳
✾✳ ❖ Indra✱ ❝♦♠❡ ❢♦rt❤ t♦ t❤❡ ❢♦r❡✦
❇② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❢r❡♥③② t❤♦✉ ❬❛r❡❪ ✐♥ ❝❤❛r❣❡ ♦❢ ❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣✳
❙♠❛s❤ ♦❜st❛❝❧❡s✱ ❖ Vr.tra✲s❧❛②❡r✦
✖✖
✶✵✳ ▼❛② ❧♦♥❣ ❜❡ t❤② ❤♦♦❦
✇✐t❤ ✇❤✐❝❤ t❤♦✉ ♦✛❡r ✇❤❛t✬s ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧
t♦ ♣r❡ss✐♥❣ Soma s❛❝r✐✜❝❡r✦
✶✶✳ ❚❤✐s t❤②✱ ❖ Indra✱ Soma✱
❬✇❛s❪ ♣✉r✐✜❡❞ ✇✐t❤✐♥ ♦✈❡r t❤❡ s❛❝r✐✜❝✐❛❧ ❣r❛ss✳
❈♦♠❡ ❤❡r❡ ♥♦✇✱ r✉s❤✱ ❞r✐♥❦ ✐t✦
✖✖
✶ ♣r♦❜✳ Soma
✷ ❡①tr❛❝t ♦❢ Soma ❤❡r❜
✸ ❧✐t✳ ✏✇✐✈❡s✑
✾✻✻

śā´cigo śā´cipūjanāyám
. rán.āya te sutáh. |
ā´khan.d.ala prá hūyase || 12 ||

yáste śr.ṅgavr..so napātprán.apātkun.d.apā´yyah. |

nyàsmindadhra ā´ mánah. || 13 ||

vā´stos.pate dhruvā´ sthū´n.ā´m . somyā´nām |

. satram
drapsó bhettā´ purā´m. śáśvatı̄nāmı́ndro . sákhā || 14 ||
múnı̄nām

pŕ.dākusānuryajató gavés.an.a ékah. sánnabhı́ bhū´yasah. |

bhū´rn.imáśvam
. nayattujā´ puró gr.bhéndram . sómasya pı̄táye || 15 ||
 ✾✻✼

✶✷✳ ❖ r❡s♣❡❝t✲❢♦r✲✇❤♦♠✲✐s✲♣♦t❡♥t✱ ✈❛❧❡♥t ♦♥❡✦

❚❤✐s ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❬Soma❪ ❬✐s❪ ❢♦r t❤② ♣❧❡❛s✉r❡✳
❖ Ākhan.d.ala✱ t❤♦✉ ❛r❡ ❜❡✐♥❣ ✐♥✈♦❦❡❞✦
✶✸✳ ❲❤✐❝❤ ❬Soma❪ ❬✐s ♣r❡♣❛r❡❞❪ ❢♦r t❤❡❡✱
❖ ❣r❛♥❞s♦♥ ♦❢ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ str✐❦❡s ✇✐t❤ ❤♦r♥s✱
t❤❛t ✐s t♦ ❜❡ ❞r✉♥❦ ❢r♦♠ ❛ ❜♦✇❧✱ ❖ ❣r❡❛t✲❣r❛♥❞s♦♥✹ ✱
✐♥ t❤❛t ♦♥❡ t❤❡ ♠✐♥❞ ❤❛s ❡st❛❜❧✐s❤❡❞ ✐ts❡❧❢✳
✖✖
✶✹✳ ❖ ♦✈❡rs❡❡r ♦❢ t❤❡ ❢♦✉♥❞❛t✐♦♥ ❬♦❢ t❤❡ ❜♦❞②❪✦
❆ st❛❜❧❡ ❝♦❧✉♠♥✺ ❬✐s❪
t❤❡ s✉♣♣♦rt ♦❢ s❤♦✉❧❞❡rs ♦❢ ❝♦♠r❛❞❡s✲✐♥✲Soma✻ ❀
t❤❡ ❞r♦♣✼ ✇✐❧❧ r❡♥❞ ❛s✉♥❞❡r ♥✉♠❡r♦✉s str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞s❀
Indra ✐s ❛ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❡♥t❤✉s✐❛sts✳
✶✺✳ ❲♦rt❤② ♦❢ ❛ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡ Pr.dākusānu✱ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ ❝♦✇s✱
❜❡✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♦♥❡ ✇❤♦ ✐s ❛❜♦✈❡ ♠❛♥②✱
s❤❛❧❧ ❣✉✐❞❡ t❤❡ r❡st❧❡ss ❤♦rs❡
✭✜rst ✇✐t❤ ❛ s❤♦❝❦✱ ❬t❤❡♥❪ ✇✐t❤ ❛ ❛ ❣r❛s♣✮
❬t❤❛t ✐s❪ Indra t♦ ❞r✐♥❦ Soma✳

❚❤✐s ❤②♠♥ ✐s ❥✉st ❛ ❝♦❧❧❡❝t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ♣❛✐rs ❛♥❞ ♦♥❡ tr✐❛❞ ♦❢ st❛♥③❛s t❤❛t
✇❡r❡ ❧✐❦❡❧② ✉s❡❞ ❛t ❛ ♣❛rt✐❝✉❧❛r ♣♦✐♥t ♦❢ ❛ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡ t♦ ✉r❣❡ ❢♦rt❤
t❤❡ ♣❛rt✐❝✐♣❛♥ts✳ ❱❡rs❡s ✺✕✻ ❛r❡ ♣r♦❜❛❜❧② ❛❞❞r❡ss❡❞ t♦ ❛♥ ❛s♣✐r❛♥t
✇❤♦ ✐s ❛❜♦✉t t♦ t❛st❡ Soma ❡①tr❛❝t✳

✹ ❛♥ Indra ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡r
✺ str♦♥❣ ❛♥❞ ❡♥❡r❣✐③❡❞ s♣✐♥❡
✻ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✸✳✸✵✳✶❛
✼ ❝♦♥❝❡♥tr❛t❡❞ ✐♥♥❡r Soma
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✽✳✷✶

Sobhari Kān.va | Kakubh ❛❧t❡r♥❛t✐♥❣ ✇✐t❤ Satobr.hatı̄ | t♦ Indra

vayámu tvā´mapūrvya sthūrám ′

. ná káccidbháranto vasyávah. |
vā´je citrám
. havāmahe || 1 ||

úpa tvā kármannūtáye sá no yúvográścakrāma yó dhr..sát |

tvā´mı́ddhyavitā´ram
. vavr.máhe sákhāya indra sānası́m || 2 ||

ā´ yāhı̄má ı́ndavó ′śvapate gópata úrvarāpate |

sómam . somapate piba || 3 ||

vayám . hı́ tvā bándhumantamabandhávo vı́prāsa indra yemimá |

yā´ te dhā´māni vr..sabha tébhirā´ gahi vı́śvebhih. sómapı̄taye || 4 ||

s´ı̄dantaste váyo yathā góśrı̄te mádhau madiré viváks.an.e |

abhı́ tvā´mindra nonumah. || 5 ||

áchā ca tvainā´ námasā vádāmasi kı́m. múhuścidvı́ dı̄dhayah. |

sánti kā´māso harivo dadı́s..tvám
. smó . sánti no dhı́yah. || 6 ||
vayám

nū´tnā ı́dindra te vayámūt´ı̄ abhūma nahı́ nū´ te adrivah. |

vidmā´ purā´ párı̄n.asah. || 7 ||

vidmā´ sakhitvámutá śūra bhojyàmā´ te tā´ vajrinnı̄mahe |

utó samasminnā´ śiśı̄hi no vaso vā´je suśipra gómati || 8 ||
 ✾✻✾

✶✳ ❬■t ✐s❪ ✇❡✱ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ ❤❡❧♣ ✭❛s ✐❢ ❝❛rr②✐♥❣ s♦♠❡t❤✐♥❣ s✉❜st❛♥t✐❛❧✮✱

✐♥ ❞✐✛❡r❡♥t ✇❛②s ❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥ t❤❡❡✱
❖ ✐♥❝♦♠♣❛r❛❜❧❡ ♦♥❡✱ ✐♥ ❛ ❜❛tt❧❡✳
✷✳ ❚❤❛t ♦✉r ②♦✉t❤ ✇❤♦ ✐s ❞❛r✐♥❣✱ ❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s✱
❤❛s st❡♣♣❡❞ ❝❧♦s❡r t♦ t❤❡❡ ❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ ❤❡❧♣ ✐♥ ❛❝t✐♦♥
❜❡❝❛✉s❡ ❥✉st t❤❡❡✱ ❧❛❞❡♥ ✇✐t❤ s♣♦✐❧s✱ ❖ Indra✱
✇❡✱ t❤❡ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s✱ ❤❛✈❡ ❝❤♦s❡♥ ❛s t❤❡ ❤❡❧♣❡r✳
✖✖
✸✳ ❏♦✉r♥❡② ❤❡r❡✦ ❚❤❡s❡ ❬❛r❡❪ ❞r♦♣s ♦❢ ♣✉r❡ Soma✱
❖ ♦✈❡rs❡❡r ♦❢ ❤♦rs❡s✱ ♦✈❡rs❡❡r ♦❢ ❝♦✇s✱ ♦✈❡rs❡❡r ♦❢ ❢❡rt✐❧❡ ❧❛♥❞s✱
❞r✐♥❦ Soma✱ ❖ ♦✈❡rs❡❡r ♦❢ Soma✦
✹✳ ❙✐♥❝❡ ✇❡✱ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥❧❡ss ❬❜✉t❪ ✐♥✇❛r❞❧②✲❡①❝✐t❡❞✱
❤❛✈❡ r❛✐s❡❞ t❤❡❡ ✇❤♦ ❤❛s ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s✱ ❖ Indra✱
✇❤✐❝❤ ❛❜♦❞❡s ❛r❡ ❬♣r❡♣❛r❡❞❪ ❢♦r t❤❡❡✱ ❖ ❛♣♣❡❛r✐♥❣ ❛s ❛ ❜✉❧❧ ♦♥❡✱
♠❛❦❡ ❬t❤②❪ ❛♣♣❡❛r❛♥❝❡ t❤r♦✉❣❤ ❛❧❧ ♦❢ t❤❡♠ ✖ t♦ ❞r✐♥❦ Soma✦
✖✖
✺✳ ❚❛❦✐♥❣ ❛ s❡❛t ❢♦r t❤② s❛❦❡ ✖ ❧✐❦❡ ❜✐r❞s ✖
❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ♠✐①❡❞ ✇✐t❤ ♠✐❧❦ ❤♦♥❡②❡❞ ❜r❡✇✐♥❣✲❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t✐♦♥
♥♦✉r✐s❤✐♥❣ ❬❞r✐♥❦ ❪
✶
✇❡ ✜♥❞ ♦✉r ✇❛② t♦✇❛r❞s t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Indra✳
✻✳ ❆♥❞ ❬✇❤❡♥❪ ✇❡ s♣❡❛❦ t♦ t❤❡❡ ✐♥ t❤✐s ♠❛♥♥❡r✱ ✇✐t❤ r❡✈❡r❡♥❝❡✱
✇♦✉❧❞ t❤♦✉ ❡♥✈✐s✐♦♥ ❬t❤✐s❪ ❡✈❡♥ ❢♦r ❛ ♠♦♠❡♥t✿
❬❤❡r❡❪ ❛r❡ ❬♦✉r❪ ❧♦♥❣✐♥❣s✱ ❬❤❡r❡ ✐s❪ t❤♦✉✱
❖ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞✲❜②✲t❛✇♥②✲♦♥❡s ♦♥❡✱ ❜❡st♦✇✐♥❣❀
❬❤❡r❡❪ ❛r❡ ✇❡✱ ❬❤❡r❡❪ ❛r❡ ♦✉r ✈✐s✐♦♥s✳
✖✖
✼✳ ❏✉st ❬❛s ✇❡ ❛r❡❪ ✐♥ t❤❡ ♣r❡s❡♥t ❞❛②✱
✇❡ ❤❛✈❡ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ✇✐t❤ t❤② ❤❡❧♣✱ ❖ Indra✱
s✐♥❝❡ ❜❡❢♦r❡ ✇❡ ❤❛✈❡ ♥♦t ❡①♣❡r✐❡♥❝❡❞
t❤❡ ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥❝❡ ♦❢ t❤②✱ ❖ st♦♥❡✲✇✐❡❧❞❡r✱ ❬tr❡❛s✉r❡❪✳
✽✳ ❖ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱ ✇❡ ❤❛✈❡ ❢♦✉♥❞ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s❤✐♣
❛♥❞ t❤❛t ✇❤✐❝❤ ✐s t♦ ❜❡ ❢❡❧t✱
✇❡ ❝♦♠❡ ❝❧♦s❡ t♦ t❤❡s❡ t❤② t✇♦ ❬t❤✐♥❣s❪✱ ❖ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲✇✐❡❧❞❡r❀
❖ ✐♥✲✇❤♦♠✲❬t❤❡s❡ t❤✐♥❣s❪✲❛r❡✲t♦❣❡t❤❡r✱ ❞♦ s❤❛r♣❡♥ ♦✉r ❬✈✐s✐♦♥s❪✱
❖ ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧ ♦♥❡✱ ❞✉r✐♥❣ r✐❝❤✲✐♥✲❝♦✇s r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱
❖ s❡❧❡❝t✐✈❡ ♦♥❡✦
✖✖

✶ Soma
✾✼✵

yó na idámidam . purā´ prá vásya āninā´ya támu va stus.e |

sákhāya ı́ndramūtáye || 9 ||

háryaśvam . sátpatim. cars.an.ı̄sáham. sá hı́ .smā yó ámandata |

ā´ tú nah. sá vayati gávyamáśvyam . stotŕ.bhyo maghávā śatám || 10 ||

tváyā ha svidyujā´ vayám . vr..sabha bruvı̄mahi |

. práti śvasántam
sam. sthé jánasya gómatah
. || 11 ||

jáyema kāré puruhūta kārı́n.o ′bhı́ tis..thema dūd.hyàh. |

. hanyā´ma śūśuyā´ma cā´verindra prá n.o dhı́yah. || 12 ||
nŕ.bhirvr.trám

abhrātr.vyó anā´ tvámánāpirindra janús.ā sanā´dasi |

yudhédāpitvámichase || 13 ||

nákı̄ revántam . sakhyā´ya vindase p´ı̄yanti te surāśvàh. |

´ . sámūhasyā´dı́tpitéva hūyase || 14 ||
yadā kr.n.ós.i nadanúm
 ✾✼✶

✾✳ ❲❤♦ ❜❡❢♦r❡ ❤❛s ❧❡❛❞ ✉s ❢♦rt❤ t♦ t❤✐s✲❛♥❞✲t❤❛t✱

t♦ ✇❤❛t✬s ❜❡tt❡r✱ ✐t ✐s ❤✐♠ ■ ❞✐❞ ❡①t♦❧ t♦ ②❡✱
❖ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s✱ Indra✱ t♦ ❤❡❧♣ ❬✉s❪✱
✶✵✳ ❬❤✐♠✱❪ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❛✇♥② ❤♦rs❡s ♦✈❡rs❡❡r ♦❢ ✇❤❛t✬s r❡❛❧✱
♣r❡✈❛✐❧✐♥❣ ♦✈❡r t❤♦s❡ t❤❛t ❞r❛✇ t♦ t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s ♦♥❡✳ ✷
❙✐♥❝❡ ♥♦✇ ❤❡✱ ✇❤♦ ❬❥✉st❪ ❣♦t ❞r✉♥❦✱ ❬✇✐❧❧❪ s❡t ✐♥ ♠♦t✐♦♥ ❢♦r ✉s
❝♦♥s✐st✐♥❣ ♦❢ ❤♦rs❡s ✱ ❝♦♥s✐st✐♥❣ ♦❢ ❝♦✇s ❬tr❡❛s✉r❡❪ ✖
✸ ✹
❬❤❡✱❪ t❤❡ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡ ❬✱ ✇✐❧❧ s❡t t❤❡♠ ✐♥ ♠♦t✐♦♥❪
❢♦r ❬❤✐s❪ ♣r❛✐s❡rs ❜② ❛ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞✳
✖✖
✶✶✳ ■t ✐s ✇✐t❤ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ ❛♣♣❡❛r✐♥❣ ❛s ❛ ❜✉❧❧ ♦♥❡✱ ❛s ❛ ②♦❦❡✲♠❛t❡
✇❡ r❡♣❧② t♦ t❤❡ s♥♦rt✐♥❣ ♦♥❡ ✐♥ t❤❡ ♣r❡s❡♥❝❡ ♦❢
✺
❛❜♦✉♥❞✐♥❣✲✇✐t❤✲❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡✲❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s ♣❡rs♦♥ ✳ ✻
✶✷✳ ■♥ ❛ ❞❡❝✐s✐✈❡ ❛❝t✐♦♥✱ ❖ ♠✉❝❤ ✐♥✈♦❦❡❞ ♦♥❡✱
✇❡✱ t❤❡ ❞♦❡rs✱ ❝❛♥ ✇✐♥✱
✇❡ ❝❛♥ st❛♥❞ ✉♣ t♦ t❤♦s❡ ✇❤♦ ❤❛✈❡ ❡✈✐❧ ✈✐s✐♦♥s ✖
❬✐❢❪ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ♠❡♥ ✇❡ ✇♦✉❧❞ s❧❛② Vr.tra
❛♥❞ ✇❡r❡ t♦ s✇❡❧❧ ❬t❤❡ ✇❛t❡rs❪✳
❚❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❝❛♥ ❤❡❧♣ ♦✉r ✈✐s✐♦♥s✦
✖✖
✶✸✳ ❬❙✐♥❝❡ t❤♦✉❪ ❤❛✈❡ ♥♦ ❜r♦t❤❡rs❬✲✐♥✲❛r♠s❪✱
t❤❡r❡❢♦r❡ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱
❡ss❡♥t✐❛❧❧② ❛❧✇❛②s ❧❛❝❦ ❛♥ ❛❧❧②✳
❖♥❧② t❤r♦✉❣❤♦✉t ✜❣❤t✐♥❣ t❤♦✉ s❡❡❦ ❛♥ ❛❧❧✐❛♥❝❡✳
✶✹✳ ❚❤♦✉ ❬✇✐❧❧❪ ✜♥❞ ♥♦ ♦♥❡ ❬✇❤♦ ✐s❪ ✇❡❛❧t❤②
t♦ ❜❡ ❧✐❦❡✲♠✐♥❞❡❞ ❬✇✐t❤ t❤❡❡❪✱
t❤♦s❡ ❤❛st❡♥✐♥❣ t♦ ❤❛r❞ ❧✐q✉♦r ❜❧❛♠❡
t❤② ❬✐♥✢✉❡♥❝❡ ❢♦r t❤❡ ❧❛❝❦ ♦❢ ❛❧❧✐❡s❪✳
❲❤❡♥ t❤♦✉ ❝❛✉s❡ t❤❡ ❞✐♥ ❬♦❢ ❛ ✜❣❤t❪✱
t❤♦✉ ❝♦♠♣❧❡t❡❧② r❡♠♦✈❡ ❬t❤❡♠❪ ❬❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ❝♦♥t❡st❪ ✖
♦♥❧② ❛❢t❡r t❤❛t t❤♦✉ ❛r❡ ❝❛❧❧❡❞ ✉♣♦♥
❛s ❛ ❢❛t❤❡r ❬✇♦✉❧❞ ❜❡ ❝❛❧❧❡❞❪✳
✖✖

✷ s❡♥s❡s
✸ r❤②t❤♠s
✹ ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s
✺ ♣r♦❜✳ ❂ s❤♦✇✐♥❣ ❛❣❣r❡ss✐♦♥ t❤❡ ✇❛② ❛ ❜✉❧❧ s♦♠❡t✐♠❡s ❞♦❡s ❜❡❢♦r❡ ❛ ❝❤❛r❣❡
✻ ♣r♦❜✳ t❤❡ ♠❡ss❡♥❣❡r ❞❡❧✐✈❡r✐♥❣ ✇❛r♥✐♥❣ ♦r ❞❡♠❛♥❞ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ✏s♥♦rt✐♥❣✑ ♦♥❡
✾✼✷

mā´ te amājúro yathā mūrā´sa indra sakhyé tvā´vatah. |

nı́ .sadāma sácā suté || 15 ||

mā´ te godatra nı́rarāma rā´dhasa ı́ndra mā´ te gr.hāmahi |

dr...dhā´ cidaryáh. prá mr.śābhyā´ bhara ná te dāmā´na ādábhe || 16 ||

ı́ndro vā ghédı́yanmaghám . sárasvatı̄ vā subhágā dadı́rvásu |

tvám
. vā citra dāśús
. e || 17 ||

cı́tra ı́drā´jā rājakā´ ı́danyaké yaké sárasvatı̄mánu |

parjánya iva tatánaddhı́ vr..s.tyā´ sahásramayútā dádat || 18 ||
 ✾✼✸

✶✺✳ ❋♦r t❤②✱ ❖ Indra✱ s❛❦❡

❜❡✐♥❣ ❧✐❦❡✲♠✐♥❞❡❞ ✇✐t❤ s♦♠❡♦♥❡ ❧✐❦❡ t❤❡❡✱
♠❛② ✇❡ ♥♦t s✐t ❞♦✇♥ ❛t ❛ ♣r❡ss✐♥❣
❧✐❦❡ ❧✐✈✐♥❣✲❛t✲❤♦♠❡ ❞✉❧❧❛r❞s✳
✶✻✳ ▼❛② ✇❡ ♥♦t ❜❡ ❞❡♣r✐✈❡❞ ♦❢ t❤② s❛t✐s❢❛❝t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❬♦✉r❪ ❞❡s✐r❡✱
✇❡ s❤❛❧❧ t❛❦❡ t❤② s✐❞❡✱ ❖ Indra✦
▲❛② ❛❧s♦ ❤♦❧❞ ♦❢ ❢♦rt✐✜❡❞ ❬❛❜♦❞❡s❪ ♦❢ t❤❡ r✐s✐♥❣ ✉♣✇❛r❞s ♦♥❡❀
✭❜r✐♥❣ ❬✐t ❪ ❤❡r❡✱ ❢♦r ❬Indra❪✮❀
✼
t❤♦s❡ ✇❤♦ ❦❡❡♣ ❣✐✈✐♥❣ t♦ t❤❡❡✱ ❛r❡ ♥♦t ❬❤❡r❡❪ t♦ ❞❡❝❡✐✈❡✳
✖✖
✶✼✳ ■s ✐t ❥✉st Indra ❬✇❤♦ ✐s ❜❡st♦✇✐♥❣❪ s♦ ❧❛r❣❡ ❜♦✉♥t②✱
♦r ❬✐s ✐t❪ ♣♦ss❡ss✐♥❣ ❣♦♦❞ ❢♦rt✉♥❡ Sarasvatı̄
❬✇❤♦ ✐s❪ ❜❡st♦✇✐♥❣ r✐❝❤❡s✱
♦r ❬✐s ✐t❪ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ Citra✱ ❬✇❤♦ ❣✐✈❡s ✐t❪ t♦ t❤❡ ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡r✦
✶✽✳ ❬■t ✐s❪ ❥✉st Citra ❬✇❤♦ ✐s❪ t❤❡ ❦✐♥❣✱
♦t❤❡rs ❬❛r❡❪ ❥✉st ♠✐♥♦r ❝❤✐❡❢t❛✐♥s ✇❤♦ ❬❞✇❡❧❧❪ ❛❧♦♥❣ Sarasvatı̄✱
❜❡❝❛✉s❡ ❧✐❦❡ t❤❡ st♦r♠✲❝❧♦✉❞ t❤❛t s❤❛❧❧ s♣r❡❛❞
❬✐ts ❢♦rt✉♥❡❪ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ r❛✐♥✱
❬❤❡ ✐s❪ ❣✐✈✐♥❣ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞ ✉♥❛tt❛❝❤❡❞
❬t♦ r❡❝✐♣r♦❝❛❧ ♦❜❧✐❣❛t✐♦♥s ❣✐❢ts❪✳

✼ Soma
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✽✳✷✹

Viśvamanas Vaiyaśva | ✶✕✷✾ Us.n.ih✱ ✸✵ Anus..tubh | t♦ Indra

sákhāya ā´ śis.āmahi bráhméndrāya vajrı́n.e |

stus.á ū .sú vo nŕ.tamāya dhr..sn.áve || 1 ||

śávasā hyási śrutó vr.trahátyena vr.trahā´ |

magháırmaghóno áti śūra dāśasi || 2 ||

sá na stávāna ā´ bhara rayı́m

. citráśravastamam |
nireké cidyó harivo vásurdadı́h. || 3 ||

ā´ nirekámutá priyámı́ndra dárs.i jánānām |

dhr..satā´ dhr..sn.o stávamāna ā´ bhara || 4 ||

ná te savyám. ná dáks.in.am

. hástam . varanta āmúrah. |
ná paribā´dho harivo gávis..tis.u || 5 ||

ā´ tvā góbhiriva vrajám. gı̄rbhı́rr.n.omyadrivah. |

ā´ smā kā´mam . jaritúr ā´ mánah. pr.n.a || 6 ||

vı́śvāni viśvámanaso dhiyā´ no vr.trahantama |

úgra pran.etarádhi .sū´ vaso gahi || 7 ||

vayám. te asyá vr.trahanvidyā´ma śūra návyasah. |

váso spārhásya puruhūta rā´dhasah. || 8 ||

ı́ndra yáthā hyásti té ′parı̄tam . nr.to śávah. |

ámr.ktā rātı́h. puruhūta dāśús.e || 9 ||
 ✾✼✺

✶✳ ❖ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s✱ ✇❡ s❤❛❧❧ s❤❛♣❡ t❤❡ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥

✶
❢♦r t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲✇✐❡❧❞❡r Indra
❬✇❤♦♠❪ ■ ❡①t♦❧ ❢♦rt❤✇✐t❤ t♦ ②❡✱
❬❛♥❞❪ t♦ t❤❡ ♠♦st ♠❛♥❧②✱ ❞❛r✐♥❣ ♦♥❡ ❬❛♠♦♥❣ ②♦✉❪✳
✷✳ ❇❡❝❛✉s❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡
❛♥❞ ❜❡❝❛✉s❡ ♦❢ r❡♠♦✈✐♥❣ ♦❜st❛❝❧❡s ✷
t❤♦✉ ❛r❡ ❢❛♠❡❞ ❛s Vr.tra✲s❧❛②❡r✱
t❤♦✉ ❤♦♥♦r ❬✉s❪ ✇✐t❤ r❡✇❛r❞s ❜❡②♦♥❞ ❬❜❡✐♥❣ ❥✉st❪ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s✱
❖ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✦
✸✳ ❙✉❝❤✱ ❜❡✐♥❣ ❡①t♦❧❧❡❞✱ ❜r✐♥❣ ❤❡r❡ ❢♦r ✉s t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡
❬t❤❛t ✐s❪ ❜❡st ❛t ❬♠❛✐♥t❛✐♥✐♥❣❪
❝♦♥❝❡♥tr❛t✐♥❣✲❛tt❡♥t✐♦♥ ❛✉❞✐t♦r② ✐♠♣r❡ss✐♦♥✱
❬t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡✱❪ t❤❛t ✐s ❛❜♦✈❡ ❛❧❧ ❬❡❧s❡❪ ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧ ❬❛♥❞❪ ❜❡st♦✇✐♥❣✱
❖ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞✲❜②✲t❛✇♥②✲♦♥❡s ♦♥❡✦
✖✖
✹✳ ❆♥❞ ♠❛❦❡ ❛❝❝❡ss✐❜❧❡ ❬t♦ ✉s❪✱ ❖ Indra✱
t❤❡ ❝❤❡r✐s❤❡❞ s✉♣❡r✐♦r✐t② ♦✈❡r ❝r❡❛t✉r❡s✱
❜♦❧❞❧②✱ ❖ ❞❛r✐♥❣ ♦♥❡✱ ❜❡✐♥❣ ❡①t♦❧❧❡❞✱ ❜r✐♥❣ ✐t ❤❡r❡✦
✺✳ ■♥ ❢♦r❛②s ❢♦r ❝♦✇s✱ ❖ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞✲❜②✲t❛✇♥②✲♦♥❡s ♦♥❡ ✱ ✸
♥❡✐t❤❡r ❡♥❡♠✐❡s ♥♦r ❤✐♥❞r❛♥❝❡s ♦❜str✉❝t
♥❡✐t❤❡r t❤② ❧❡❢t✱ ♥♦r r✐❣❤t ❤❛♥❞✳
✻✳ ❲✐t❤ ❝❤❛♥ts ■ ♠❛❦❡ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ st♦♥❡✲✇✐❡❧❞❡r✱
✜t ❬t♦ ❜r✐♥❣ t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡❪ ✖
❧✐❦❡ ❛♥ ❡♥❝❧♦s✉r❡ ❬✐s ♠❛❞❡ ✜t t♦ ❜r✐♥❣ ✇❡❛❧t❤❪ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❝♦✇s✳
❘❡❛❧❧② ❢✉❧✜❧❧ t❤❡ ❧♦♥❣✐♥❣ ❛♥❞ ✐♥t❡♥t✐♦♥ ♦❢ t❤❡ ✐♥✈♦❦❡r✦
✖✖
✼✳ ❚❤r♦✉❣❤ ♦✉r ✈✐s✐♦♥✱ ❖ t❤❡ ❜❡st ❛t s❧❛②✐♥❣ Vr.tra✱
❢❛❧❧ ✐♥ ✇✐t❤ ❛❧❧ ❬❞❡s✐❣♥s❪ ♦❢ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ✐♠❛❣✐♥❡❞ ✐t ❛❧❧✱
❖ ❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s ❧❡❛❞❡r✦ ❖ ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧ ♦♥❡✦
✽✳ ▼❛② ✇❡ ❡①♣❡r✐❡♥❝❡ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Vr.tra✲s❧❛②❡r✱
❛s t❤✐s ♦♥❡✬s ♥❡✇✱ ❖ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱ ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧✱
❡❛❣❡r❧② ❞❡s✐r❡❞✱ s❛t✐s❢❛❝t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❬♦✉r❪ ❞❡s✐r❡✱
❖ ♠✉❝❤ ✐♥✈♦❦❡❞ ♦♥❡✦
✾✳ ❖ Indra✱ ❥✉st ❛s t❤②✱ ❖ ❞❛♥❝❡r✱
♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡ ✐s ✐rr❡s✐st✐❜❧❡✱
❬s♦❪ ❬t❤②✱❪ ❖ ♠✉❝❤ ✐♥✈♦❦❡❞ ♦♥❡✱
❣✐❢t t♦ ❬t❤②❪ ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡r ❬✐s❪ ✉♥✐♠♣❛✐r❡❞✳
✖✖
✶ ❧✐t✳ ✏❞✐r❡❝t✑
✷ ❧✐t✳ ✏s❧❛②✐♥❣ vrtra✲s✑
.
✸ ❛♥ ❛❞❡♣t ♦❢ Indra
✾✼✻

ā´ vr..sasva mahāmaha mahé nr.tama rā´dhase |

dr...dháściddr.hya maghavanmagháttaye || 10 ||

nū´ anyátrā cidadrivastvánno jagmurāśásah. |

mághavañchagdhı́ táva tánna ūtı́bhih. || 11 ||

. vindā´mi rā´dhase |
nahyàṅgá nr.to tvádanyám
rāyé dyumnā´ya śávase ca girvan.ah. || 12 ||

éndumı́ndrāya siñcata pı́bāti somyám. mádhu |

prá rā´dhasā codayāte mahitvanā´ || 13 ||

úpo hárı̄n.ām
. pátim . pr.ñcántamabravam |
. dáks.am
. śrudhi stuvató aśvyásya || 14 ||
nūnám

nahyàṅgá purā´ caná jajñé vı̄rátarastvát |

nákı̄ rāyā´ náıváthā ná bhandánā || 15 ||

édu mádhvo madı́ntaram . siñcá vādhvaryo ándhasah. |

evā´ hı́ vı̄rá stávate sadā´vr.dhah. || 16 ||

ı́ndra sthātarharı̄n.ām . nákis..te pūrvyástutim |

údānam. śa śávasā ná bhandánā || 17 ||

. vo vā´jānām
tám . pátimáhūmahi śravasyávah. |
áprāyubhiryajñébhirvāvr.dhényam || 18 ||
 ✾✼✼

✶✵✳ P♦✉r ❢♦r t❤②s❡❧❢✱ ❖ ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥t ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ♠✐❣❤t ♦♥❡✱ ❬Soma❪✱
❢♦r ❛♠♣❧❡ s❛t✐s❢❛❝t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❬t❤②❪ ❞❡s✐r❡✱ ❖ ♠♦st ♠❛♥❧② ♦♥❡✦
❋♦rt✐✜❡❞ ✐♥❞❡❡❞✱ ❞♦ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥ ❬✉s❪✱ ❖ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡✱
t♦ r❡❝❡✐✈❡ ❬t❤②❪ ❜♦✉♥t②✦
✶✶✳ ◆❡✈❡r ♦✉r ❤♦♣❡s ❤❛✈❡ ❣♦♥❡ t♦ ❛♥② ♣❧❛❝❡
♦t❤❡r t❤❛♥ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ st♦♥❡✲✇✐❡❧❞❡r✦
❚❤❡r❡❢♦r❡✱ ❖ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡✱ t❤r♦✉❣❤ t❤② s✐❞❡✲❡✛❡❝ts
❜❡ ♣♦t❡♥t ❢♦r ✉s✦
✶✷✳ ■ s✉r❡❧② ❞♦ ♥♦t ✜♥❞ ❛♥② ♦t❤❡r t❤❛♥ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ ❞❛♥❝❡r✱
❢♦r s❛t✐s❢❛❝t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❬♠②❪ ❞❡s✐r❡✱
❢♦r ❧✉♠✐♥♦✉s tr❡❛s✉r❡ ❛♥❞ ❢♦r ❛♥ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡ t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱
❖ ❧♦♥❣✐♥❣ ❢♦r ❛ ❝❤❛♥t ♦♥❡✦
✖✖
✶✸✳ ❉♦ ②❡ ♣♦✉r ✐♥ ❢♦r Indra t❤❡ ♠♦st r❡✜♥❡❞ Soma
s♦ t❤❛t ❤❡ ✇♦✉❧❞ ❞r✐♥❦ ❝♦♥t❛✐♥✐♥❣ Soma ❤♦♥❡②✱
s♦ t❤❛t t❤r♦✉❣❤ s❛t✐s❢❛❝t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❬❤✐s❪ ❞❡s✐r❡
❤❡ ✇♦✉❧❞ s♣✉r ❤✐♠s❡❧❢ ♦♥ t❤r♦✉❣❤ ❡①t❡♥s✐✈❡♥❡ss✦
✶✹✳ ■ ❡♥tr❡❛t❡❞ ❣✐✈✐♥❣ ❧❛✈✐s❤❧② t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r ♦❢ ❞✐s❝❡r♥♠❡♥t
♦✈❡rs❡❡r ♦❢ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s✳
◆♦✇ t❤❡♥ ❣✐✈❡ ❡❛r t♦ ❡①t♦❧❧✐♥❣ r❤②t❤♠✐❝❛❧ ❬✈❡rs❡s❪✦
✶✺✳ ❙✉r❡❧② ♥♦ ♦♥❡ ♠♦r❡ ❤❡r♦✐❝ t❤❛♥ t❤❡❡
❤❛s ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❡❞ ❤✐♠s❡❧❢ ❜❡❢♦r❡✱
♥♦ ♦♥❡ t❤r♦✉❣❤ t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡ ✕ ♥♦t ❡①❛❝t❧② ❬❛s t❤♦✉❪✱
♥♦t t❤r♦✉❣❤ s❤♦✉t✐♥❣✳
✖✖
✶✻✳ ❏✉st ♣♦✉r ✐♥✱ ❖ adhvaryu✱ ✇❤❛t✬s ♠♦r❡ ✐♥t♦①✐❝❛t✐♥❣
t❤❛♥ t❤❡ ❤♦♥❡② ♦r ❬♠♦r❡ ✐♥t♦①✐❝❛t✐♥❣❪ t❤❛♥ t❤❡ ❤❡r❜✱
❬s♦ t❤❛t❪ ❛❧✇❛②s✲str❡♥❣t❤❡♥✐♥❣ ❤❡r♦ ✇♦✉❧❞ ❜❡ ❥✉st s✉❝❤
❢♦r ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ✐s ❡①t♦❧❧✐♥❣ ❬❤✐♠❪✳
✶✼✳ ❖ Indra✱ ❖ ❞r✐✈❡r ♦❢ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s✦
◆♦ ♦♥❡ ❤❛s ❛tt❛✐♥❡❞ ❛ ♣❡❡r❧❡ss ♣r❛✐s❡ ♦❢ t❤❡❡ ✖
❬♥❡✐t❤❡r ❜②❪ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡ ♥♦r ❜② s❤♦✉t✐♥❣✳
✶✽✳ ❙❡❡❦✐♥❣ ❢❛♠❡✱ ✇❡ ✐♥✈♦❦❡ ❤✐♠
✇❤♦ ✐s t❤❡ ♠❛st❡r ♦❢ ②♦✉r r✉s❤❡s ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱
❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ✐s t♦ ❜❡ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥❡❞ ❜② ❛ss✐❞✉♦✉s s❛❝r✐✜❝❡s✳
✖✖
✾✼✽

éto nvı́ndram . stávāma sákhāya stómyam. náram |

kr..s.t´ı̄ryó vı́śvā abhyástyéka ı́t || 19 ||

ágorudhāya gavı́s.e dyuks.ā´ya dásmyam . vácah. |

ghr.tā´tsvā´dı̄yo mádhunaśca vocata || 20 ||

yásyā´mitāni vı̄ryā` ná rā´dhah. páryetave |

jyótirná vı́śvamabhyásti dáks.in.ā || 21 ||

stuh´ı̄ndram
. vyaśvavádánūrmim . vājı́nam . yámam |
aryó gáyam. mám
. hamānam . vı́ dāśús
. e || 22 ||

evā´ nūnámúpa stuhi váıyaśva daśamám. návam |

súvidvām. sam . carán.ı̄nām || 23 ||
. carkŕ.tyam

. vájrahasta parivŕ.jam |
vétthā hı́ nı́rr.tı̄nām
áharahah. śundhyúh. paripádāmiva || 24 ||
 ✾✼✾

✶✾✳ ❈♦♠❡ ②❡ ❤❡r❡ ❛t ♦♥❝❡✦ ▲❡t ✉s✱ ❖ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s✱

❡①t♦❧ Indra ✖ t❤❡ ♠❛♥ t♦ ❜❡ ❡①t♦❧❧❡❞✱
✇❤♦ ✐s t❤❡ ♦♥❧② ♦♥❡ ✇❤♦ r✉❧❡s ♦✈❡r ❛❧❧ tr✐❜❡s✳
✷✵✳ ❉♦ ②❡ s♣❡❛❦ t♦ ♥♦♥✲✐♠♣❡❞✐♥❣✲❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡✲❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s✱
s❡❡❦✐♥❣ ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡✲❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s✱ ❡♠♣♦✇❡r❡❞✲❜②✲t❤❡✲❍❡❛✈❡♥ ♦♥❡
❛ ♠❛r✈❡❧♦✉s s♣❡❡❝❤ t❤❛t ✐s ♠♦r❡ ♣❛❧❛t❛❜❧❡ t❤❛♥ ❣❤❡❡ ♦r ❤♦♥❡②✳
✷✶✳ ❲❤♦s❡ s❛t✐s❢❛❝t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❬❤✐s ❪ ❞❡s✐r❡ ❬✐s❪ t♦ s♣❛♥
✹
❬❛❧❧ ❢❛❝❡ts ♦❢ ❧✐❢❡ ❪ ❧✐❦❡ ❬❤✐s❪ ❝♦✉♥t❧❡ss ❞❡❡❞s ♦❢ ✈❛❧♦r✱
✺
❬❤✐s❪ r❡✇❛r❞ ✐s ♦✈❡r ❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣ ❧✐❦❡ t❤❡ ❧✐❣❤t✳
✖✖
✷✷✳ ❉♦ t❤♦✉ ❡①t♦❧ ✖ ❧✐❦❡ Vyaśva ❬❞✐❞❪ ✖
Indra ✖ st❡❛❞② ♣♦ss❡ss✐♥❣ t❤❡ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r ❝❤❛r✐♦t❡❡r✱
✻
❜❡st♦✇✐♥❣ s♣♦✐❧s ♦❢ ❤✐♠ ✱ ✇❤♦ ✐s r✐s✐♥❣ ✉♣✇❛r❞s✱
✼
t♦ t❤❡ ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡r✳
✷✸✳ ❙♦ ♥♦✇✱ ❖ Vaiyaśva✱ ❝❡❧❡❜r❛t❡ ✐♥ s♦♥❣
t❤❡ ♥❡✇ t❡♥t❤ ♦♥❡ ✖ t❤❡ ✇❡❧❧✲❧❡❛r♥❡❞ ♦♥❡✱
♦❢ t❤♦s❡ ✇❤♦ ❛r❡ r♦❛♠✐♥❣ ❛❜♦✉t ❬t❤❡ ♦♥❡ ✇❤♦ ✐s❪
t♦ ❜❡ ♠❡♥t✐♦♥❡❞ ✇✐t❤ ♣r❛✐s❡✳
✷✹✳ ❙✐♥❝❡ t❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ✉♥❞❡rst♦♦❞ ❤♦✇ t♦ ❛✈♦✐❞ ❝❛❧❛♠✐t✐❡s✱
✽
❖ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲✐♥✲❤❛♥❞ ♦♥❡✱ ❞❛②✲❛❢t❡r✲❞❛②
❬t❤♦✉ ❛r❡❪ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ t♦ ❜❡ ❢r❡❡ ♦❢ ❞♦✉❜ts
❛s ❬t❤♦✉ ❛r❡ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ t♦ ❜❡ ❢r❡❡❪ ♦❢ tr❛♣s✳
✖✖

✹ Indra✬s
✺ bhuvanāni
✻ ❧✐t✳ ✏♥♦♥✲✇❛✈✐♥❣✑
✼ ✐♥♥❡r Soma
✽ ✏t❤❡ ♥❡✇ t❡♥t❤ ♦♥❡✑
✾✽✵

tádindrā´va ā´ bhara yénā dam . sis..tha kŕ.tvane |

dvitā´ kútsāya śiśnatho nı́ codaya || 25 ||

támu tvā nūnámı̄mahe návyam . dam . sis..tha sányase |

. no vı́śvā abhı́mātı̄h. saks.án.ih. || 26 ||
sá tvám

. haso mucádyó vā´ryātsaptá sı́ndhus.u |

yá .ŕks.ādám
vádhardāsásya tuvinr.mn.a nı̄namah. || 27 ||

yáthā varo sus.ā´mn.e sanı́bhya ā´vaho rayı́m |

vyàśvebhyah. subhage vājinı̄vati || 28 ||

ā´ nāryásya dáks.in.ā vyàśvām̃

. etu somı́nah. |
sthūrám. ca rā´dhah. śatávatsahásravat || 29 ||

yáttvā pr.chā´dı̄jānáh. kuhayā´ kuhayākr.te |

es.ó ápaśrito való gomat´ı̄máva tis..thati || 30 ||
 ✾✽✶

✷✺✳ ❚❤❛t ❛ss✐st❛♥❝❡ ❜r✐♥❣ ❤❡r❡✱ ❖ Indra✱

✇✐t❤ ✇❤✐❝❤ ❬t❤♦✉✱❪ ❖ ♠♦st ✇♦♥❞r♦✉s ♦♥❡✱ ❬❣r♦✇ str♦♥❣❪
✾
❢♦r ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ❛❝ts✦
❋♦r Kutsa t❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ❝❡rt❛✐♥❧② ♣✐❡r❝❡❞ ❬Śus
. n.a❪ ✖
♠❛❦❡ ❬❤✐♠❪ ❤❛st❡♥ ❜❛❝❦✦
✷✻✳ ❲❡ ♥♦✇ ❛s❦ s✉❝❤ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ ♠♦st ✇♦♥❞r♦✉s ♦♥❡✱
❢♦r ❬❛ss✐st❛♥❝❡❪ t❤❛t ✐s ♥❡✇ ❢♦r ❬❡✈❡♥❪ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ✐s ♦❧❞❀
s✉❝❤ t❤♦✉ ❬❛r❡❪ ✈❛♥q✉✐s❤✐♥❣ ❛❧❧ ♣❧♦tt✐♥❣ ❛❣❛✐♥st ✉s ❡♥❡♠✐❡s✳
✷✼✳ ❬❍❡✱❪ ✇❤♦ s❤❛❧❧ ❢r❡❡ ❬✉s❪ ❢r♦♠ ❜❛r❡ ❛♥①✐❡t②✱
✇❤♦ ❬r✐s❡s❪ ❢r♦♠ ❝♦♥❞✉❝t✐♥❣ ✉♣✇❛r❞s ❬❛❜♦❞❡❪
✶✵
♠✐❞st t❤❡ s❡✈❡♥ r✐✈❡rs ✖
t❤♦✉✱ ❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ♠✉❝❤ ❝♦✉r❛❣❡ ♦♥❡✱
❤❛✈❡ ❜❡♥❞ t❤❡ ❞❡str✉❝t✐✈❡ ✇❡❛♣♦♥ ♦❢ t❤❡ ✜❡♥❞✳
✖✖
✷✽✳ ❚❤❡ s❛♠❡ ✇❛② t❤♦✉✱ ❖ ❛✛♦r❞✐♥❣ ❛ ❝❤♦✐❝❡ ♦♥❡✱
❝♦♥✈❡②❡❞ t♦ Sus.āman t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡ ❢♦r ❬❤✐s❪ ❛❝q✉✐s✐t✐♦♥s✱
t♦ Vyaśva✲s✱ ❖ ✇❡❧❧✲❡♥❞♦✇❡❞
r✐❝❤✲✐♥✲t❤♦s❡✲✇❤♦✲❡♠♣❧♦②✲t❤❡✲r✉s❤✲♦❢✲✈✐❣♦✉r ♦♥❡
✶✶ ✱
✷✾✳ ♠❛② t❤❡ r❡✇❛r❞ ♦❢ ❜❡✐♥❣ ❛ ♠❛♥
❝♦♠❡ t♦ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣ Soma Vyaśva✲s
❛♥❞ ❬s♦ ♠❛② ❝♦♠❡❪ ❛ s✉❜st❛♥t✐❛❧✱ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞❢♦❧❞✱ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞❢♦❧❞
s❛t✐s❢❛❝t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❬t❤❡✐r❪ ❞❡s✐r❡✦
✸✵✳ ■❢ ❤❡ ✇❤♦ ❤❛s s❛❝r✐✜❝❡❞ ✇❡r❡ t♦ ❛s❦ t❤❡❡
✶✷ ✱
✏❲❤❡r❡✱ ❖ ✇❤❡r❡✲❬✐s✲✐t✲t♦✲❜❡❪✲❣❛✐♥❡❞ ♦♥❡❄✑
❬❚❤♦✉ ✇✐❧❧ ❛♥s✇❡r✱❪ ✏❚❤✐s r❡t✐r❡❞✲❢r♦♠ ❝❛✈❡r♥
st❛②s ❛✇❛② ❛t r✐❝❤✲✐♥✲♠✐❧❦ ❬st❛t❡❪✳✑

✾ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✽✳✶✸✳✼❝❞

✶✵ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✾✳✻✸✳✶✹❛
✶✶ ♣r♦❜✳ t❤❡ ❉❛✇♥
✶✷ s❤❡ ✇❤♦ ✐s ❝❛❧❧❡❞ ✉♣♦♥ ✐♥ ✽✳✷✹✳✷✽❝
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✽✳✸✷

Medhatithi Kān.va | Gāyatrı̄ | t♦ Indra

prá kr.tā´nyr.jı̄s.ı́n.ah. kán.vā ı́ndrasya gā´thayā |

máde sómasya vocata || 1 ||

yáh. sŕ.bindamánarśanim . pı́prum. dāsámahı̄śúvam |

vádhı̄dugró rin.ánnapáh. || 2 ||

nyárbudasya vis..tápam . vars.mā´n.am

. br.hatástira |
´ . syam || 3 ||
kr..sé tádindra paum

práti śrutā´ya vo dhr..sáttū´rn.āśam

. ná girérádhi |
huvé suśiprámūtáye || 4 ||

sá góráśvasya vı́ vrajám . mandānáh. somyébhyah. |

púram . ná śūra dars
. asi || 5 ||

yádi me rārán.ah. sutá ukthé vā dádhase cánah. |

ārā´dúpa svadhā´ gahi || 6 ||

vayám. ghā te ápi .smasi stotā´ra indra girvan.ah. |

. no jinva somapāh. || 7 ||
tvám

utá nah. pitúmā´ bhara sam

. rarān.ó áviks.itam |
mághavanbhū´ri te vásu || 8 ||

utá no gómataskr.dhi hı́ran.yavato aśvı́nah. |

. rabhemahi || 9 ||
ı́..dābhih. sám

br.báduktham . havāmahe sr.prákarasnamūtáye |

sā´dhu kr.n.vántamávase || 10 ||

yáh. sam. sthé cichatákraturā´dı̄m

. kr.n.óti vr.trahā´ |
jaritŕ.bhyah. purūvásuh. || 11 ||

sá nah. śakráścidā´ śakaddā´navām̃

. antarābharáh. |
ı́ndro vı́śvābhirūtı́bhih. || 12 ||
 ✾✽✸

✶✳ ❉♦ ②❡✱ ❖ Kan.va✲s✱ ❝♦♠♠❡♥❞ ✇✐t❤ ❛ s♦♥❣

t❤❡ ❞❡❡❞s ♦❢ ❤❛✈✐♥❣✲❞✐r❡❝t✲✐♠♣❛❝t ♦♥❡ ✖
♦❢ Indra ✐♥ ✐♥t♦①✐❝❛t✐♦♥ ❢r♦♠ Soma✦
✷✳ ❋❡r♦❝✐♦✉s ♦♥❡✱ ✇❤♦ s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ ❞❡❢❡❛t❡❞ Sr.binda
✇❤♦ ❝♦✉❧❞ ♥♦t ❤❛r♠ ❬❤✐♠❪✱
❬❛♥❞❪ ✜❡♥❞✐s❤ s✇❡❧❧❡❞ ❧✐❦❡ ❛ s♥❛❦❡ Pipru✱
❬✐s❪ r❡❧❡❛s✐♥❣ ✇❛t❡rs✳
✸✳ ❉❡❣r❛❞❡ t❤❡ ✉❧t✐♠❛t❡ ♦❢ Arbuda ✖
t❤❡ ❤❡✐❣❤t ♦❢ ❬❤✐s❪ ♠❛ss② ❬❜♦❞②❪✦
❚❤♦✉ ❡✛❡❝t ❛t t❤❛t t✐♠❡ t❤❡ ♠❛♥❧② str❡♥❣t❤ ❢♦r t❤②s❡❧❢✳
✖✖
✹✳ ❇❡✐♥❣ ❞❡✜❛♥t ❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ ✇❤❛t ✇❛s ❢❛♠❡❞ ♦❢ ②♦✉✱
■ ❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥ t❤❡ s❡❧❡❝t✐✈❡ ♦♥❡✱ ❬✇❤♦ ✐s❪
❧✐❦❡ ❣❛✐♥✐♥❣ s♣❡❡❞ ❬r♦❝❦ ❢❛❧❧✐♥❣❪ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ❤✐❧❧ ❛❜♦✈❡✱ t♦ ❤❡❧♣✳
✺✳ ❙✉❝❤✱ ❖ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱ ❜❡❝♦♠✐♥❣ ✐♥✢❛♠❡❞✱
t❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ s♣❧✐t ♦♣❡♥ ❢♦r ❬t❤②❪ ❝♦♠r❛❞❡s✲✐♥✲Soma
t❤❡ ❡♥❝❧♦s✉r❡ ♦❢ ❛ ❝♦✇✱ ♦❢ ❛ ❤♦rs❡ ❛s ✐❢ ❬✐t ✇❡r❡❪ ❛ str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞✳
✻✳ ■❢ t❤♦✉ ✇♦✉❧❞ ❛❣❛✐♥ t❛❦❡ ♣❧❡❛s✉r❡ ✐♥ ♠② ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❬Soma❪
♦r r❡❝✐t❡❞ ✈❡rs❡✱ ❛♥❞ ✇♦✉❧❞ ♦❜t❛✐♥ s❛t✐s❢❛❝t✐♦♥✱
❞♦ ❝♦♠❡ ❢r♦♠ ❛❢❛r ❤❡r❡ ❛t t❤② ♦✇♥ ♣❧❡❛s✉r❡✳
✖✖
✼✳ ❲❡✱ ♣r❛✐s❡rs✱ ❛r❡ ❛✉①✐❧✐❛r② t♦ t❤❡❡✱
❖ ❧♦♥❣✐♥❣ ❢♦r ❛ ❝❤❛♥t Indra✦
❉♦ ✐♠♣❡❧ ✉s✱ ❖ Soma✲❞r✐♥❦❡r✦
✽✳ ❆♥❞ ❜r✐♥❣ t♦ ✉s t❤❡ ♥♦✉r✐s❤♠❡♥t✱
❞✐str✐❜✉t✐♥❣ ❬✐t❪ ❢✉❧❧② ❬❛s❪ ✉♥❞✐♠✐♥✐s❤❡❞✦
❖ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡✱ t❤② ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧ ❬t❤✐♥❣❪ ✐s ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥t✳
✾✳ ❆♥❞ ♠❛❦❡ ✉s r✐❝❤ ✐♥ ❝♦✇s✱
r✐❝❤ ✐♥ ❣♦❧❞✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❤♦rs❡s✦
❬❚❤❡♥❪ ✇❡ ✇♦✉❧❞ ❜❡ ❛❜❧❡ t♦ t❛❦❡ ❤♦❧❞ ♦❢ t❤❡ r❡❢r❡s❤✐♥❣ ❞r❛✉❣❤ts✳
✖✖
✶✵✳ ❲❡ ❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ❤❛s ❛ ❝❤♦✐❝❡ ♦❢ ✈❡rs❡s✱
✇❤♦ ♠❛❦❡s ❛r♠s ♠♦✈❡ ❛s ✐❢ ❣❧✐❞✐♥❣ ❛s ✇❛② t♦ ❤❡❧♣✱
✇❤♦ ✐♥ ♦r❞❡r t♦ ❛✐❞ ✐s ❡✛❡❝t✐♥❣ ✇❤❛t✬s ❧❡❛❞✐♥❣ str❛✐❣❤t t♦ ❛ ❣♦❛❧✳
✶✶✳ ❲❤♦ ❜② ♠❡r❡ ♣r❡s❡♥❝❡ ❬♣r❡s❡♥ts❪ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ♣❧❛♥s
②❡t✱ ❜❡✐♥❣ ❛ s❧❛②❡r ♦❢ Vrtra✱ ❞♦❡s ✐t✱
❬✇❤♦❪ ❤❛s ♠❛♥② ❜❡♥❡✜ts. ❢♦r ♣r❛✐s❡rs✱
✶✷✳ ❤❡✱ ❡♠♣♦✇❡r✐♥❣ ❛s ✇❡❧❧✱ s❤❛❧❧ st✐♠✉❧❛t❡ ✉s✱
❬❤❡✱❪ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❣✐❢t✱ ❜r✐♥❣✐♥❣ ❬✐t❪ t♦ ✐♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ s♣❛❝❡ ✖
Indra ✇✐t❤ ❛❧❧ ❬❤✐s❪ s✐❞❡✲❡✛❡❝ts✳
✾✽✹

yó rāyò ′vánirmahā´nsupāráh. sunvatáh. sákhā |

támı́ndramabhı́ gāyata || 13 ||

āyantā´ram . pŕ.tanāsu śravojı́tam |

. máhi sthirám
bhū´rer´ı̄śānamójasā || 14 ||

. niyantā´ sūnŕ.tānām |
nákirasya śácı̄nām
nákirvaktā´ ná dādı́ti || 15 ||

ná nūnám . prāśūnā´masti sunvatā´m |

. brahmán.āmr.n.ám
ná sómo apratā´ pape || 16 ||

pánya ı́dúpa gāyata pánya ukthā´ni śam

. sata |
bráhmā kr.n.ota pánya ı́t || 17 ||

pánya ā´ dardirachatā´ sahásrā vājyávr.tah. |

ı́ndro yó yájvano vr.dháh. || 18 ||

vı́ .sū´ cara svadhā´ ánu kr..s.tı̄nā´mánvāhúvah. |

ı́ndra pı́ba sutā´nām || 19 ||

pı́ba svádhainavānāmutá yástúgrye sácā |

utā´yámindra yástáva || 20 ||

átı̄hi manyus.āvı́n.am. sus.uvā´m

. samupā´ran.e |
imám . rātám
. sutám. piba || 21 ||
 ✾✽✺

✶✸✳ ❲❤♦ ✐s ❛ str❡❛♠ ♦❢ tr❡❛s✉r❡✱ ♠✐❣❤t②✱

❣✐✈✐♥❣ ❛♥ ❡❛s② ♣❛ss❛❣❡✱ ❛ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ♣r❡ss❡s Soma
t♦ ❤✐♠✱ t♦ Indra✱ ②❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❝❤❛♥t✱
✶✹✳ ❡①t❡♥s✐✈❡❧② ✖ t♦ st❡❛❞❢❛st ❞❡❢❡♥❞❡r✱
t♦ ✇✐♥♥✐♥❣ r❡♥♦✇♥ ✐♥ ❝❧♦s❡ ❝♦♠❜❛ts✱
❬✇❤♦❪ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❛ ❢r❡♥③② ✐s ✐♥ ❝❤❛r❣❡ ♦❢ ♠✉❝❤ ❬♦❢ ❛ ❜❛tt❧❡❪✳
✶✺✳ ◆♦ ♦♥❡ ✇✐❧❧ r❡str❛✐♥
❤✐s ✇❡❧❧✲✜tt✐♥❣ ❡♥❛❜❧✐♥❣ ♣♦✇❡rs✱
♥♦ ♦♥❡ ✇✐❧❧ s❛②✱ ✏❤❡ ✇♦✉❧❞ ♥♦t ❣✐✈❡ ❬t❤❡♠❪✑✳
✖✖
✶✻✳ ❚❤❡r❡ ✐s ♥♦✇ ♥♦ ❞❡❜t
♦♥ q✉✐❝❦ ♣r❡ss✐♥❣ ❬Soma❪ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t♦rs✱
Soma ❤❛s ♥♦t ♣r♦t❡❝t❡❞ ❬t❤♦s❡❪ ❢♦r ♥♦t❤✐♥❣✳
✶✼✳ ❨❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❥♦✐♥ ✐♥ s✐♥❣✐♥❣ ♦♥❧② ✇❤❡♥ t❤❡ ❛st♦♥✐s❤✐♥❣ ♦♥❡
✶
❬✐s ❝❛❧❧❡❞ ✉♣♦♥❪✱
②❡ s❤❛❧❧ r❡❝✐t❡ ✈❡rs❡s ♦♥❧② ✇❤❡♥ t❤❡ ❛st♦♥✐s❤✐♥❣ ♦♥❡
❬✐s ❝❛❧❧❡❞ ✉♣♦♥❪✱
②❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❡①❡❝✉t❡ ❛ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛ ♦♥❧② ✇❤❡♥ t❤❡ ❛st♦♥✐s❤✐♥❣ ♦♥❡
❬✐s ❝❛❧❧❡❞ ✉♣♦♥❪✳
✷
✶✽✳ ❚❤❡ ❛st♦♥✐s❤✐♥❣ ♦♥❡ ✱ ✉♥❝❤❡❝❦❡❞✱ ♣♦ss❡ss✐♥❣ t❤❡ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱
s❤❛❧❧ ♠❛❦❡ ❛❝❝❡ss✐❜❧❡ ❛❣❛✐♥ ❛♥❞ ❛❣❛✐♥
❤✉♥❞r❡❞s ❬❛♥❞❪ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞s ❬♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❤❡❧♣✐♥❣❪ ✖
Indra✱ ✇❤♦ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥s ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ✐s ✇✐t❤ ❛♥ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣✳
✖✖
✶✾✳ ❙♣r❡❛❞ ✇❡❧❧ ❢♦❧❧♦✇✐♥❣ t❤② ♦✇♥ ♣r❡❞✐s♣♦s✐t✐♦♥s✱
❢♦❧❧♦✇✐♥❣ ✐♥✈♦❝❛t✐♦♥s ♦❢ t❤❡ tr✐❜❡s✱
❖ Indra✱ ❞r✐♥❦ ♣r❡ss❡❞ ♦✉t ❬Soma✲❞r♦♣s❪✦
✷✵✳ ❉♦ ❞r✐♥❦ t❤♦s❡ ❬Soma✲❞r♦♣s❪
t❤❛t ❛r❡ ♦❢ t❤♦s❡ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❤❡✐r ♦✇♥ ❝♦✇s✱
❛♥❞ ❬t❤❛t Soma❪ Tugrya✬s ❬♣❧❛❝❡❪✱
t❤❛t ✐s ❛t
Indra✦
❛♥❞ t❤✐s ♦♥❡ ✇❤✐❝❤ ✐s ❬❛❧s♦❪ t❤②✱ ❖
✷✶✳ P❛ss ♦✈❡r ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ✐s ♣r❡ss✐♥❣ ❬Soma❪ ✐♥ ❛♥❣❡r✱
✇❤♦ ❤❛s ♣r❡ss❡❞ ❬Soma❪ ✐♥ ❡rr♦r✱
❞r✐♥❦ t❤✐s ♣r❡s❡♥t❡❞ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ♦♥❡✦
✖✖

✶ Indra
✷ Indra
✾✽✻

. áti |
ihı́ tisráh. parāváta ihı́ páñca jánām̃
dhénā indrāvacā´kaśat || 22 ||

sū´ryo raśmı́m
. yáthā sr.jā´ tvā yachantu me gı́rah. |
´
nimnámāpo ná sadhryàk || 23 ||

ádhvaryavā´ tú hı́ .siñcá sómam

. vı̄rā´ya śiprı́n.e |
bhárā sutásya pı̄táye || 24 ||

yá udnáh. phaligám . ravā´sr.jat |

. bhinánnyàksı́ndhūm̃
yó gós.u pakvám
. dhāráyat || 25 ||

áhanvr.trámŕ.cı̄s.ama aurn.avābhámahı̄śúvam |
himénāvidhyadárbudam || 26 ||

prá va ugrā´ya nis..túré ′.sā..dhāya prasaks.ı́n.e |

. bráhma gāyata || 27 ||
deváttam

yó vı́śvānyabhı́ vratā´ sómasya máde ándhasah. |

ı́ndro devés.u cétati || 28 ||

ihá tyā´ sadhamā´dyā hárı̄ hı́ran.yakeśyā |

vo..dhā´mabhı́ práyo hitám || 29 ||

arvā´ñcam
. tvā purus..tuta priyámedhastutā hárı̄ |
somapéyāya vaks.atah. || 30 ||
 ✾✽✼

✷✷✳ ❙❡t ♦✉t ❢r♦♠ t❤r❡❡ ❞✐st❛♥t ❬r❡❛❧♠s❪✱

♣❛ss ♦✈❡r t❤❡ ✜✈❡ tr✐❜❡s✦
■t s❤❛❧❧ ❦❡❡♣ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st✐♥❣ ♥♦✉r✐s❤✐♥❣ str❡❛♠s ❬❢♦r t❤❡❡❪✳
✸
✷✸✳ ▼❛② ♠② s♦♥❣s ❞r❛✇ ❝❧♦s❡r t♦ t❤❡❡ ✖
❛s ✐❢ t❤❡ s✉♥ ✇♦✉❧❞ ❝❛st ❬✐ts❪ r❛②✱
❧✐❦❡ ✇❛t❡r ❬❣♦✐♥❣ ✐♥t♦❪ ❛ ❞❡♣r❡ss✐♦♥ ❬✐♥ ❣r♦✉♥❞❪ ✖ ❝♦♥✈❡r❣✐♥❣✳
✷✹✳ ❖ adhvaryu✱ ❥✉st ♣♦✉r ✐♥ Soma
❢♦r t❤❡ s❡❧❡❝t✐✈❡ ❤❡r♦✬s s❛❦❡✱
❜r✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡ ❝✉♣s❪ t♦ ❞r✐♥❦ t❤❡ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❬❥✉✐❝❡❪✦
✖✖
✷✺✳ ❲❤♦ s❤❛❧❧ ❜✉rst t❤❡ ✇❛t❡r✲❝❛s❦ ✹
❤❡ ❞✐❞ s❡♥❞ t❤❡ str❡❛♠s ❞♦✇♥✇❛r❞s❀
✇❤♦ s❤❛❧❧ ❝❛✉s❡ t♦ ♠❛✐♥t❛✐♥ r✐♣❡ ❬❢♦r ❛❝t✐♦♥ tr❡❛s✉r❡❪
♠✐❞st ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s ✱ ✺
✷✻✳ ❍❡✱ ✇❤♦ ✐s s♦✉❣❤t ✇✐t❤ ❛ ✈❡rs❡✱ ❞✐❞ s❧❛② Vr.tra ✖
s✇❡❧❧❡❞ ❧✐❦❡ ❛ s♥❛❦❡ ❞❡s❝❡♥❞❛♥t ♦❢ t❤❡ s♣✐❞❡r✱
❤❡ ♣✐❡r❝❡❞ Arbuda ✇✐t❤ ❢r♦st ✳ ✻
✷✼✳ ❨❡ s❤❛❧❧ st❛rt ♣r❛✐s✐♥❣ ✐♥ s♦♥❣ ❣✐✈❡♥✲❜②✲deva ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥
t♦ ②♦✉r ❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s ✐♥✈✐♥❝✐❜❧❡ ♣♦ss❡ss✐♥❣ ♠❡❛♥s t♦ ♦✈❡r♣♦✇❡r
❬❜✉t❪ ❧❛❝❦✐♥❣ s♣❡❡❞ ♦♥❡✳
✖✖
✷✽✳ ❬■t ✐s❪ Indra ✇❤♦ ❛♠♦♥❣ deva✲s
✇❤✐❧❡ ✐♥ ✐♥t♦①✐❝❛t✐♦♥ ❢r♦♠ Soma ❥✉✐❝❡
❞✐r❡❝ts ❛tt❡♥t✐♦♥ t♦✇❛r❞s ❛❧❧ s♣❤❡r❡s ♦❢ ❛❝t✐♦♥✳
✷✾✳ ❚❤♦s❡ t✇♦ ❝♦♥✈✐✈✐❛❧
t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s ✇✐t❤ ❣♦❧❞❡♥ ❤❛✐r
s❤❛❧❧ ❝♦♥✈❡② ❬❤✐♠❪ ❤❡r❡ t♦ t❤❡ ♣r❡♣❛r❡❞ ❞❡❧✐❣❤t✳
✸✵✳ ❚✇♦ t❛✇♥② ❡✉❧♦❣✐③❡❞✲❜②✲priyamedha✲s
✇♦✉❧❞ ❝♦♥✈❡② t✉r♥❡❞ ❤✐t❤❡r✇❛r❞ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ ♠✉❝❤✲❡✉❧♦❣✐③❡❞ ♦♥❡✱
❢♦r ❛ ❞r✐♥❦ ♦❢ Soma✳

✸ Soma
✹ t❤❡ s♦✉r❝❡ ♦❢ ❜❡t❛✲❡♥❞♦r♣❤✐♥s t❤❛t ✐s ❢❡❧t ❛s ✐❢ ♣♦✉r✐♥❣ str❡❛♠s ❞♦✇♥ t❤❡
❜♦❞② ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ t♦♣ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❤❡❛❞
✺ ❧✐t✳ ✏❝♦✇s✑
✻ ♦r ✏✐❝✐❝❧❡✑ ✖ ♣❡r ❬❏❛♠✐s♦♥ ❛♥❞ ❇r❡r❡t♦♥✱ ✷✵✶✹✱ ♣✳✶✵✾✺❪
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✽✳✸✸

Medhatithi Kān.va | ✶✕✶✺ Br.hatı̄✱ ✶✻✕✶✽ Gāyatrı̄✱ ✶✾ Anus..tubh | t♦

Indra

vayám. gha tvā sutā´vanta ā´po ná vr.ktábarhis.ah. |

pavı́trasya prasrávan.es.u vr.trahanpári stotā´ra āsate || 1 ||

sváranti tvā suté náro váso nireká ukthı́nah. |

kadā´ sutám
. tr..sān.á óka ā´ gama ı́ndra svabd´ı̄va vám
. sagah. || 2 ||

kán.vebhirdhr..sn.avā´ dhr..sádvā´jam
. dars.i sahasrı́n.am |
. maghavanvicars.an.e maks.ū´ gómantamı̄mahe || 3 ||
piśáṅgarūpam

pāhı́ gā´yā´ndhaso máda ı́ndrāya medhyātithe |

yáh. sámmiślo háryoryáh. suté sácā vajr´ı̄ rátho hiran.yáyah. || 4 ||

yáh. sus.avyáh. sudáks.in.a inó yáh. sukráturgr.n.é |

yá ākaráh. sahásrā yáh. śatā´magha ı́ndro yáh. pūrbhı́dāritáh. || 5 ||

yó dhr..sitó yó ′vr.to yó ásti śmáśrus.u śritáh. |

vı́bhūtadyumnaścyávanah. purus..tutáh. krátvā gauriva ´ śākináh. || 6 ||
 ✾✽✾

✶✳ ■t ✐s ✇❡✱ ✐♥ ♣♦ss❡ss✐♦♥ ♦❢ ♣r❡ss❡❞ ♦✉t ❬Soma❪✱

❬♦✉r❪ s❛❝r✐✜❝✐❛❧ ❣r❛ss ❤❛s ❜❡❡♥ t✇✐st❡❞✱
❬✜♥❞ ♦✉r ✇❛②❪ t♦✇❛r❞ t❤❡❡ ❧✐❦❡ ✇❛t❡rs ❬♠♦✈✐♥❣ ❛❧♦♥❣ ❛ s❧♦♣❡❪ ❀
✶
❉✉r✐♥❣ ✜❧t❡r✬s ❡✛✉s✐♦♥s✱ ❖ Vr.tra✲s❧❛②❡r✱
♣r❛✐s❡rs ❛ss❡♠❜❧❡ ❛r♦✉♥❞ ❬❤❡r❡❪✳
✷✳ ❆t ❛ ♣r❡ss✐♥❣✱ ✉tt❡r✐♥❣ ✈❡rs❡s ♠❡♥
♠❛❦❡ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧ ♦♥❡✱ r❡s♦✉♥❞ ❛❜♦✈❡ ❛❧❧✱
❛❞❞r❡ss t❤❡❡✱ ❖ ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧ ♦♥❡✱ ❛❜♦✈❡ ❛❧❧✳
❲❤❡♥ t❤♦✉✱ t❤✐rst✐♥❣ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❬❥✉✐❝❡❪✱
✇♦✉❧❞ ❝♦♠❡ ❤♦♠❡ ❧✐❦❡ ♣❛♥t✐♥❣ ♦①✱ ❖ Indra❄
✸✳ ❉❛r❡❞ ❜② Kan.va✲s✱ ❖ ❞❛r✐♥❣ ♦♥❡✱
t❤♦✉ ❬✇✐❧❧❪ ♠❛❦❡ ❛❝❝❡ss✐❜❧❡ ❬t♦ ✉s❪
❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞ ❬❞✐✛❡r❡♥t t❤✐♥❣s❪ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✳
❲❡ ❛s❦ ❬t❤❡❡❪✱ ❖ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ❞✐s❡♥❣❛❣✐♥❣ ♦♥❡✱
❢♦r ✢❛♠❡✲❧✐❦❡ r✐❝❤✲✐♥✲❝♦✇s ♦♥❡ ✖ q✉✐❝❦❧②✳
✖✖
✹✳ ✏❉r✐♥❦✦✑ ✖ s✐♥❣ ❬t❤✉s❪✱ ❖ Medhyātithi✱
✐♥ r❛♣t✉r❡ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ❤❡r❜ t♦ ❬t❤❛t❪ Indra✷ ✱
✇❤♦ ❬✐s❪ ❢❛❝✐❧✐t❛t✐♥❣ ❝♦♠♠✐♥❣❧✐♥❣
✸ ♦❢ t❤❡ t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s✱
✇❤♦✱ ❜❡❛r✐♥❣ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✱ ✐♥ t❤❡ ♣r❡s❡♥❝❡ ♦❢ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❬Soma❪
❬❜❡❝♦♠❡s❪ ❛♥ ❡♥❝❤❛♥t✐♥❣ ❝❤❛r✐♦t✱
✺✳ ✇❤♦ ❤❛s ❣♦♦❞ ❧❡❢t ❤❛♥❞ ❬❛♥❞❪ ❛♥ ❡①❝❡❧❧❡♥t r✐❣❤t ❤❛♥❞
✇❤♦✱ ✐♥❢✉s✐♥❣ str❡♥❣t❤✱ ✐s ❡①t♦❧❧❡❞ ❛s ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❣♦♦❞ ❞❡s✐❣♥s✱
✇❤♦ ✐s ❛ s♦✉r❝❡ ♦❢ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞ ❬♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❤❡❧♣✐♥❣❪✱
✇❤♦✱ ❜❡✐♥❣ Indra✱ ❬❜r✐♥❣s❪ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ❜♦✉♥t✐❡s✱
✇❤♦✱ ❬❜❡✐♥❣❪ ❛r♦✉s❡❞✱ ❬✐s❪ ❛ ❜r❡❛❦❡r ♦❢ str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞s✱
✻✳ ✇❤♦ ✐s ♣r♦✈♦❦❡❞ t♦ ❞❛r❡✱ ✇❤♦ ✐s ✉♥❝❤❡❝❦❡❞✱
✇❤♦ ✐s ❛tt❛❝❤❡❞ t♦ ❛ ❜❡❛r❞✱ ❬✇❤♦ ✐s❪ ♠✉❝❤✲❡✉❧♦❣✐③❡❞✱
✇❤♦s❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t❡ ❝❛♠❡ ✐♥t♦ ❜❡✐♥❣✱
❬✇❤♦ ✐s❪ r♦✉s✐♥❣ t♦ ❛❝t✐♦♥✱
✇❤♦ t❤r♦✉❣❤ ❬❤✐s❪ r❡s♦✉r❝❡❢✉❧♥❡ss ❬✐s❪ ❛s ❝❛♣❛❜❧❡ ❛s ❛♥ ♦①✳
✖✖

✶ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✽✳✻✳✸✹❛❜

✷ ❤❡r❡ ❂ ❛♥ ❛❞❡♣t ♦❢ Indra
✸ ✐♥t♦ t❤❡ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r
✾✾✵

ká ı̄m
. veda suté sácā pı́bantam. kádváyo dadhe |
ayám . yáh
. púro vibhináttyójasā mandānáh. śipryándhasah. || 7 ||

dānā´ mr.gó ná vāran.áh. purutrā´ carátham . dadhe |

nákis..tvā nı́ yamadā´ suté gamo mahā´m̃ . ścarasyójasā || 8 ||

. skr.tah. |
yá ugráh. sánnánis..t.rta sthiró rán.āya sám
yádi stotúrmaghávā śr.n.ávaddhávam . néndro yos.atyā´ gamat || 9 ||

satyámitthā´ vŕ..sédasi vŕ..sajūtirnó ′vr.tah. |

vŕ..sā hyùgra śr.n.vis.é parāváti vŕ..so arvāváti śrutáh. || 10 ||

vŕ..san.aste abh´ı̄śavo vŕ..sā káśā hiran.yáyı̄ |

vŕ..sā rátho maghavanvŕ..san.ā hárı̄ vŕ..sā tvám . śatakrato || 11 ||

vŕ..sā sótā sunotu te vŕ..sannr.jı̄pinnā´ bhara |

vŕ..sā dadhanve vŕ..san.am . nad´ı̄.svā´ túbhyam
. sthātarharı̄n.ām || 12 ||
 ✾✾✶

✼✳ ❲❤♦ ✐♥ t❤❡ ♣r❡s❡♥❝❡ ♦❢ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❬Soma❪

❤❛s ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❛❝q✉❛✐♥t❡❞ ✇✐t❤ ❤✐♠ ❞r✐♥❦✐♥❣❄
❲❤❛t ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❛♥❞ ❜♦❞✐❧② ✈✐❣♦✉r ❤❛s ❤❡ ❛❝q✉✐r❡❞❄
❚❤✐s ♦♥❡✱ ✇❤♦ ✈✐❣♦r♦✉s❧② ❜r❡❛❦s ♦♣❡♥ t❤❡ str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞s✱
❜❡✐♥❣ s❡❧❡❝t✐✈❡✱ ✐s ❜❡❝♦♠✐♥❣ ✐♥✢❛♠❡❞ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ❤❡r❜✳
✽✳ ▲✐❦❡ ❜❧♦❝❦❡❞ ✐♥ ♠❛♥② ♣❧❛❝❡s ✇✐❧❞ ❜❡❛st ❬✜♥❞s❪ ❛ r♦✉t❡✱
❬s♦❪ ❤❡ ❤❛s ♦❜t❛✐♥❡❞ ❢♦r ❤✐♠s❡❧❢ ❣✐❢ts✳
◆♦ ♦♥❡ r❡str❛✐♥s t❤❡❡✱ t❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ ❝♦♠❡ t♦ ❬t❤✐s❪ ♣r❡ss✐♥❣✦
▼✐❣❤t②✱ t❤♦✉ ♠♦✈❡ ✈✐❣♦r♦✉s❧②✳
✾✳ ❲❤♦ ✐s ❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s✱ ♥♦t t❤r♦✇♥ ♦✉t ❬♦❢ t❤❡ st❛t❡ ♦❢ Indra❪✱
❬✇❤♦ ✐s❪ st❡❛❞❢❛st✱ ❬❤❡ ✐s❪ r❡❛❞② ❢♦r t❤❡ ♣❧❡❛s✉r❡ ♦❢ ❬Soma❪✳
■❢ t❤❡ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡ ❤❡❛rs ♣r❛✐s❡r✬s ❝❛❧❧✱
Indra ✇♦✉❧❞ ♥♦t ❜❡ ❛❧♦♦❢✱ ❤❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❝♦♠❡✳
✖✖
✶✵✳ ❚❤✉s ❬✐t ✐s❪ tr✉❡ ✖ t❤♦✉ ❛r❡ ✐♥❞❡❡❞ ❛ ❜✉❧❧✱
❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❤r✉st ♦❢ ❛ ❜✉❧❧✱ ❢♦r ♦✉r s❛❦❡ ✉♥❝❤❡❝❦❡❞✳
❇❡❝❛✉s❡✱ ❜❡✐♥❣ ❛ ❜✉❧❧✱ ❖ ❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s ♦♥❡✱
❢❛r ❛✇❛② t❤♦✉ ❤❡❛r ❬❛ ❝❛❧❧❪✱
♥❡❛r ❜② ❬t❤♦✉ ❛r❡❪ ❢❛♠❡❞ ❛s ❛♥ ✐♠♣r❡❣♥❛t✐♥❣ ♦♥❡✳
✶✶✳ ❙tr♦♥❣ ❛r❡ t❤② r❡✐♥s✱
✹
♠✐❣❤t② ✐s ❣♦❧❞❡♥ ✇❤✐♣✱
✺
str♦♥❣ ✐s ❬t❤②❪ ❝❤❛r✐♦t✱ t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s ❛r❡ ❜✉❧❧s❀
✻
t❤♦✉✱ ❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ✇✐❧❡s ♦♥❡✱ ❛r❡ ❛ ❜✉❧❧✳
✶✷✳ ▲❡t ✈✐❣♦r♦✉s ♣r❡ss❡r ♣r❡ss ❢♦r t❤❡❡ ❬Soma❪✦
✼
❖ ❣♦✐♥❣ str❛✐❣❤t ❜✉❧❧✱ ❜r✐♥❣ ❤❡r❡ ❬t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡❪✦
❆ ❜✉❧❧ ❤❛s ❤❛st❡♥❡❞ ❛ ❜✉❧❧ ✐♥t♦ ✢♦✇✐♥❣ ✇❛t❡rs
✽ ✾
❢♦r t❤❡❡✱ ❖ ❞r✐✈❡r ♦❢ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s✦
✖✖

✹ ❧✐t✳ ✏❜✉❧❧s✑
✺ ❧✐t✳ ✏❜✉❧❧✑
✻ ❧✐t✳ ✏❜✉❧❧✑
✼ ❧✐t✳ ✏❜✉❧❧✑
✽ ✐♥♥❡r Soma
✾ ❡①tr❛❝t ♦❢ Soma ❤❡r❜
✾✾✷

éndra yāhi pı̄táye mádhu śavis..tha somyám |

nā´yámáchā maghávā śr.n.ávadgı́ro bráhmokthā´ ca sukrátuh. || 13 ||

váhantu tvā rathes..thā´mā´ hárayo rathayújah. |

tiráścidaryám
. sávanāni vr.trahannanyés.ām . yā´ śatakrato || 14 ||

asmā´kamadyā´ntamam . stómam . dhis.va mahāmaha |

asmā´kam
. te sávanā santu . tamā mádāya dyuks.a somapāh. || 15 ||
śám
 ✾✾✸

✶✸✳ ❏♦✉r♥❡② ❤❡r❡✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❢♦r ❛ ❞r✐♥❦

♦❢ ❝♦♥t❛✐♥✐♥❣ Soma ❤♦♥❡②✱
❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♠♦st ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✦
❆s ✐❢ ❝❧♦s❡ t♦ ❝♦♠✐♥❣ ❬❤❡r❡❪✱ t❤❡ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡✱
❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❣♦♦❞ ❞❡s✐❣♥s✱
s❤❛❧❧ ❤❡❛r ❝❤❛♥ts✱ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥✱ r❡❝✐t❡❞ ✈❡rs❡s✳
✶✹✳ ▲❡t t❛✇♥② ②♦❦❡❞✲t♦✲❛✲❝❤❛r✐♦t ♦♥❡s ✶✵
❝♦♥✈❡② ❤❡r❡ t❤❡❡ ✇❤♦ ✐s st❛♥❞✐♥❣ ♦♥ ❛ ❝❤❛r✐♦t✱
❡✈❡♥ ❜②♣❛ss✐♥❣ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ✐s t♦✲❜❡✲❝♦♥❞✉❝t❡❞✲✉♣✇❛r❞s✱
✶✶
❖ Vrtra✲s❧❛②❡r✱
❜②♣❛ss✐♥❣. ♣r❡ss✐♥❣ ✇❤✐❝❤ ❛r❡ ♦❢ ♦t❤❡rs✱
❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ✇✐❧❡s ♦♥❡✦
✶✺✳ P✉t ♦✉r ❤②♠♥ ♦❢ ♣r❛✐s❡ ❛s ♥❡❛r❡st ❬t♦ t❤❡❡❪ t♦❞❛②✱
❖ ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥t ✇✐t❤ ♠✐❣❤t ♦♥❡✦
▼❛② ♦✉r ♣r❡ss✐♥❣s ❜❡ ✇❤♦❧❡s♦♠❡ ❢♦r t❤② ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t✐♦♥✱
❖ ❡♠♣♦✇❡r❡❞✲❜②✲t❤❡✲❍❡❛✈❡♥ ❞r✐♥❦❡r ♦❢ Soma✦
✖✖

✶✵ ❞r♦♣s ♦❢ Soma ❡①tr❛❝t ❛❜s♦r❜❡❞ ✐♥t♦ t❤❡ ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡r

✶✶ ✐♥♥❡r Soma
✾✾✹

nahı́ .sástáva nó máma śāstré anyásya rán.yati |

yó asmā´nvı̄rá ā´nayat || 16 ||

ı́ndraścidghā tádabravı̄tstriyā´ aśāsyám

. mánah. |
utó áha krátum. raghúm || 17 ||

sáptı̄ cidghā madacyútā mithunā´ vahato rátham |

evéddhū´rvŕ..sn.a úttarā || 18 ||

adháh. paśyasva mópári sam . tarā´m ´ hara |

. pādakau
mā´ te kaśaplakau
´ dr.śanstr´ı̄ hı́ brahmā´ babhū´vitha || 19 ||
 ✾✾✺

✶✻✳ ❙✐♥❝❡ ❤❡
✶✷ ❞♦❡s ♥♦t ❬❡♥❥♦②❪ ♥❡✐t❤❡r t❤②✱ ♥♦r ♠✐♥❡
❬❜✉t❪ ❞❡❧✐❣❤ts ✐♥ t❡❛❝❤✐♥❣ ♦❢ ❛♥♦t❤❡r ✖
t❤❡ ❤❡r♦
✶✸ ✇❤♦ ❞✐❞ ❧❡❛❞ ✉s ❤❡r❡✱
❬❚♦ t❤❡ ✐♥st✐t✉t♦r ♦❢ t❤❡ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡✿❪
✶✼✳ ✏■t ✐s Indra ❤✐♠s❡❧❢ ✇❤♦ s❛✐❞ t❤✐s ✖
♠✐♥❞ ♦❢ ❛ ✇♦♠❛♥ ✐s ♥♦t t♦ ❜❡ ❝♦♥tr♦❧❧❡❞✱
❛♥❞ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r ❡✛❡❝t✐✈❡ ♦❢ ❛❝t✐♦♥ ❬✐s❪ ❝❡rt❛✐♥❧② ✢❡❡t✐♥❣✳
✶✽✳ ❬❙t✐❧❧✱❪ ✐t ✐s t❤❡ ♣❛✐r ♦❢ t✇♦ r❡❡❧✐♥❣ ✇✐t❤ ❡①❝✐t❡♠❡♥t st❡❡❞s
✇❤♦ ❞r❛✇ t❤❡ ❝❤❛r✐♦t
❥✉st s♦ t❤❡ ♣♦❧❡ ✐s s✉♣❡r✐♦r t♦ t❤❡ ❜✉❧❧✑✳
❬❚♦ t❤❡ ✇♦♠❛♥ ♣r❡s❡♥t ❛t t❤❡ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡✿❪
✶✾✳ ✏▲♦♦❦ ❞♦✇♥✱ ♥♦t ✉♣✇❛r❞s✱
♣✉❧❧ t✇♦ ❧✐tt❧❡ ❢❡❡t t✐❣❤t❧② t♦❣❡t❤❡r✱
t❤❡② s❤❛❧❧ ♥♦t s❡❡ t❤② t✇♦ ❬❄❪ ❛❝t✐♥❣ ❛s ❛ ✇❤✐♣✱
s✐♥❝❡ t❤♦✉✱ ❬❛❧t❤♦✉❣❤❪ ❜❡✐♥❣ ❛ ✇♦♠❛♥✱
❤❛✈❡ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❛ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t♦r
✶✹ ✑✳

❱❡rs❡s ✶✻✕✶✾ ❛r❡ ❧✐❦❡❧② t❡❧❧✐♥❣ ♦❢ ❛♥ ✐♥st✐t✉t♦r ♦❢ ❛ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡ t♦ Indra✱

✇❤♦ ❤❛❞ ♣♦♦r ❛❜✐❧✐t② t♦ ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❡ ♣❛rt ♦❢ ❛ s❡q✉❡♥❝❡ ❞❡s✐❣♥❡❞ ❢♦r ❛
✇♦rs❤✐♣❡r t♦ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ♣♦ss❡ss❡❞ ❜② Indra✱ ❛♥❞ t❤✉s ✇❛s ♣r♦✈✐❞❡❞ ❜②
s❛❝r✐✜❝❡ ❧❡❛❞❡rs ✇✐t❤ ♠❡❛♥s t♦ ❞♦ ✐t ✖ ❛ r❡❛❧ ✇♦♠❛♥ ✭♣r♦❜❛❜❧② ❤✐s
✇✐❢❡✮ ♣r❡s❡♥t ❛t t❤❡ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡ ✇❤♦ t❤✉s ❛❧s♦ ❜❡❝❛♠❡ ❛ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t♦r ♦❢
t❤❡ s❡q✉❡♥❝❡ ❛♥❞ ✐s ❣✐✈❡♥ ✐♥ ✈❡rs❡ ✶✾ ✐♥str✉❝t✐♦♥s ❤♦✇ t♦ ❜❡❤❛✈❡ ✐♥
♦r❞❡r t♦ ❛✈♦✐❞ ♣r♦✈♦❦✐♥❣ t❤♦s❡ ♣r❡s❡♥t t♦ ❛❝t s❡①✉❛❧❧②✳

✶✷ ❛♥ ✐♥st✐t✉t♦r ♦❢ t❤❡ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡

✶✸ Indra
✶✹ brahmán ✖ t❤✐s ❧✐♥❡ ✐s ❢♦❧❧♦✇s ❬ ✱✶✾✽✾✱ ✶✾✾✺✱ ✶✾✾✾❪
Ò✳ ß✳ ➴ëèçàðåíêîâà
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✽✳✸✹

Nı̄pātithi Kān.va | ✶✕✶✺ Anus..tubh✱ ✶✻✕✶✽ Gāyatrı̄ | t♦ Indra

éndra yāhi háribhirúpa kán.vasya sus..tutı́m |

divó amús.ya śā´sato dı́vam
. yayá divāvaso || 1 ||

ā´ tvā grā´vā vádannihá som´ı̄ ghós.en.a yachatu |

divó amús.ya śā´sato dı́vam . yayá divāvaso || 2 ||

. ná dhūnute vŕ.kah. |

átrā vı́ nemı́res.āmúrām
divó amús.ya śā´sato dı́vam
. yayá divāvaso || 3 ||

ā´ tvā kán.vā ihā´vase hávante vā´jasātaye |

divó amús.ya śā´sato dı́vam . yayá divāvaso || 4 ||

dádhāmi te sutā´nām . vŕ..sn.e ná pūrvapā´yyam |

divó amús.ya śā´sato dı́vam . yayá divāvaso || 5 ||

smátpuram . dhirna ā´ gahi viśvátodhı̄rna ūtáye |

divó amús.ya śā´sato dı́vam
. yayá divāvaso || 6 ||
 ✾✾✼

✶✳ ❏♦✉r♥❡② ❤❡r❡✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s✱

t♦ Kanva✬s ❝♦rr❡❝t❧② ❛rt✐❝✉❧❛t❡❞ ♣r❛✐s❡✦
❬❍❡ ❪ ♦❢. t❤❛t ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ❬✐s❪ ❣♦✈❡r♥✐♥❣✱
✶
❖ ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧✲❜②✲❞❛② ♦♥❡✱ ❬s♦ t❤❛t❪ ②❡ ❥♦✉r♥❡② ❞✉r✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❞❛②✦
✷✳ ■♥ t❤✐s ♣❧❛❝❡ ❛ s✐♥❣❡r ✐s s♣❡❛❦✐♥❣ t♦ t❤❡❡✳
▼❛② ❤❡ ✇❤♦ ♦✛❡rs Soma ❡①t❡♥❞ ✐t ✇✐t❤ ❛ ❜❛tt❧❡❝r②✦
❬❍❡❪ ♦❢ t❤❛t ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ❬✐s❪ ❣♦✈❡r♥✐♥❣✱
❖ ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧✲❜②✲❞❛② ♦♥❡✱ ❬s♦ t❤❛t❪ ②❡ ❥♦✉r♥❡② ❞✉r✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❞❛②✦
✸✳ ❇② t❤✐s t✐♠❡ t❤❡✐r ❢❡❧❧② ❬st❛rts ✇♦❜❜❧✐♥❣❪ t♦ ❛♥❞ ❢r♦
❛s ✇♦❧❢ s❤❛❦❡s ♦✛ ❛ ❡✇❡ ❬❢r♦♠ ❛ ❤❡r❞❪✳
❬❍❡❪ ♦❢ t❤❛t ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ❬✐s❪ ❣♦✈❡r♥✐♥❣✱
❖ ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧✲❜②✲❞❛② ♦♥❡✱ ❬s♦ t❤❛t❪ ②❡ ❥♦✉r♥❡② ❞✉r✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❞❛②✦
✖✖
✹✳ ❍❡r❡ Kan.va✲s ✐♥ ♦r❞❡r t♦ ♦❜t❛✐♥ t❤❡ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r
❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥ t❤❡❡ t♦ ❤❡❧♣✳
❬❍❡❪ ♦❢ t❤❛t ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ❬✐s❪ ❣♦✈❡r♥✐♥❣✱
❖ ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧✲❜②✲❞❛② ♦♥❡✱ ❬s♦ t❤❛t❪ ②❡ ❥♦✉r♥❡② ❞✉r✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❞❛②✦
✺✳ ■ s❡t ✉♣ ❢♦r t❤❡❡ ❛s ❢♦r t❤❡ ❜✉❧❧
t❤❡ ✐♥✐t✐❛❧ ❬r♦✉♥❞❪ ♦❢ ❞r✐♥❦s ♦❢ ♣r❡ss❡❞ ♦✉t ❬Soma ❥✉✐❝❡s❪✳
❬❍❡❪ ♦❢ t❤❛t ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ❬✐s❪ ❣♦✈❡r♥✐♥❣✱
❖ ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧✲❜②✲❞❛② ♦♥❡✱ ❬s♦ t❤❛t❪ ②❡ ❥♦✉r♥❡② ❞✉r✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❞❛②✦
✻✳ ❆❧✇❛②s✲❜❡❛r✐♥❣✲❛❜✉♥❞❛♥❝❡✲❬♦❢✲t❤❡✲tr❡❛s✉r❡❪ ❢♦r ✉s✱
❝♦♥s✐❞❡r✐♥❣✲❢r♦♠✲❛❧❧✲s✐❞❡s✱ ❝♦♠❡ ❤❡r❡ t♦ ❛✐❞ ✉s✦
❬❍❡❪ ♦❢ t❤❛t ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ❬✐s❪ ❣♦✈❡r♥✐♥❣✱
❖ ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧✲❜②✲❞❛② ♦♥❡✱ ❬s♦ t❤❛t❪ ②❡ ❥♦✉r♥❡② ❞✉r✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❞❛②✦
✖✖

✶ ♣r♦❜✳ ✏t❤❡ s✉♥✑

✾✾✽

ā´ no yāhi mahemate sáhasrote śátāmagha |

divó amús.ya śā´sato dı́vam
. yayá divāvaso || 7 ||

ā´ tvā hótā mánurhito devatrā´ vaks.ad´ı̄d.yah. |

divó amús.ya śā´sato dı́vam
. yayá divāvaso || 8 ||

ā´ tvā madacyútā hárı̄ śyenám

. paks.éva vaks.atah. |
divó amús.ya śā´sato dı́vam . yayá divāvaso || 9 ||

ā´ yāhyaryá ā´ pári svā´hā sómasya pı̄táye |

divó amús.ya śā´sato dı́vam . yayá divāvaso || 10 ||

ā´ no yāhyúpaśrutyukthés.u ran.ayā ihá |

divó amús.ya śā´sato dı́vam
. yayá divāvaso || 11 ||

sárūpairā´ sú no gahi sámbhr.taih. sámbhr.tāśvah. |

divó amús.ya śā´sato dı́vam
. yayá divāvaso || 12 ||
 ✾✾✾

✼✳ ❏♦✉r♥❡② ❤❡r❡ ❢♦r ♦✉r s❛❦❡✱

❖ ♠❡♥t❛❧❧②✲❞✐s♣♦s❡❞✲❢♦r✲❛✲❣r❡❛t✲❬❞❡❡❞❪ ♦♥❡✦
❖ ❬❛ s♦✉r❝❡ ♦❢❪ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞ ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❤❡❧♣✐♥❣✱
❖ ❬❤❛✈✐♥❣❪ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ❜♦✉♥t✐❡s ♦♥❡✦
❬❍❡❪ ♦❢ t❤❛t ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ❬✐s❪ ❣♦✈❡r♥✐♥❣✱
❖ ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧✲❜②✲❞❛② ♦♥❡✱ ❬s♦ t❤❛t❪ ②❡ ❥♦✉r♥❡② ❞✉r✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❞❛②✦
✽✳ ❍❡r❡✱ t❤❡ ✐♥✈♦❦❡r ♦❢ deva✲s✱
✷
✐♠♣❡❧❧❡❞ ❜② ❬❝❛♣❛❜❧❡ ♦❢ t❤✐♥❦✐♥❣❪ ♠❛♥✱
❜❡✐♥❣ ✐♠♣❧♦r❡❞✱ s❤❛❧❧ ❝♦♥✈❡② t❤❡❡ ❬t♦ ❜❡❪ ❛♠♦♥❣ deva✲s✳
❬❍❡❪ ♦❢ t❤❛t ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ❬✐s❪ ❣♦✈❡r♥✐♥❣✱
❖ ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧✲❜②✲❞❛② ♦♥❡✱ ❬s♦ t❤❛t❪ ②❡ ❥♦✉r♥❡② ❞✉r✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❞❛②✦
✾✳ ❍❡r❡ t✇♦ r❡❡❧✐♥❣ ✇✐t❤ ❡①❝✐t❡♠❡♥t t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s
✇♦✉❧❞ ❝❛rr② t❤❡❡ ❛s t✇♦ ✇✐♥❣s ❬❝❛rr②❪ ❛ ❤❛✇❦✳
❬❍❡❪ ♦❢ t❤❛t ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ❬✐s❪ ❣♦✈❡r♥✐♥❣✱
❖ ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧✲❜②✲❞❛② ♦♥❡✱ ❬s♦ t❤❛t❪ ②❡ ❥♦✉r♥❡② ❞✉r✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❞❛②✦
✖✖
✶✵✳ ❏♦✉r♥❡② ❤❡r❡✱ ❢r♦♠ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ t❡♥❞s ✉♣✇❛r❞s ✖ ❛❧❧ ❛r♦✉♥❞ ✖
✸
svā´hā✱ t♦ ❞r✐♥❦ Soma✦
❬❍❡❪ ♦❢ t❤❛t ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ❬✐s❪ ❣♦✈❡r♥✐♥❣✱
❖ ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧✲❜②✲❞❛② ♦♥❡✱ ❬s♦ t❤❛t❪ ②❡ ❥♦✉r♥❡② ❞✉r✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❞❛②✦
✶✶✳ ❏♦✉r♥❡② ❤❡r❡ ❢♦r ♦✉r s❛❦❡✦
❇② ❣✐✈✐♥❣ ❡❛r t♦ r❡❝✐t❡❞ ✈❡rs❡s✱ ❝❛✉s❡ ❞❡❧✐❣❤t ✐♥ t❤✐s ♣❧❛❝❡✦
❬❍❡❪ ♦❢ t❤❛t ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ❬✐s❪ ❣♦✈❡r♥✐♥❣✱
❖ ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧✲❜②✲❞❛② ♦♥❡✱ ❬s♦ t❤❛t❪ ②❡ ❥♦✉r♥❡② ❞✉r✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❞❛②✦
✶✷✳ ❍❛✈✐♥❣ ❬t❤②❪ ❤♦rs❡s ♣r❡♣❛r❡❞✱ ❝♦♠❡ ❤❡r❡ q✉✐❝❦❧② t♦ ✉s
✇✐t❤ s✐♠✐❧❛r ❬t♦ ❡❛❝❤ ♦t❤❡r❪ ♣r❡♣❛r❡❞ ♦♥❡s✦
❬❍❡❪ ♦❢ t❤❛t ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ❬✐s❪ ❣♦✈❡r♥✐♥❣✱
❖ ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧✲❜②✲❞❛② ♦♥❡✱ ❬s♦ t❤❛t❪ ②❡ ❥♦✉r♥❡② ❞✉r✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❞❛②✦
✖✖

✷ ♣r♦❜✳ Agni
✸ t❤❛t ✐s✱ t❤❡ ✐♥♥❡r ❙♦♠❛
✶✵✵✵

ā´ yāhi párvatebhyah. samudrásyā´dhi vis..tápah. |

divó amús.ya śā´sato dı́vam
. yayá divāvaso || 13 ||

ā´ no gávyānyáśvyā sahásrā śūra dardr.hi |

divó amús.ya śā´sato dı́vam. yayá divāvaso || 14 ||

ā´ nah. sahasraśó bharāyútāni śatā´ni ca |

divó amús.ya śā´sato dı́vam
. yayá divāvaso || 15 ||

ā´ yádı́ndraśca dádvahe sahásram . vásurocis.ah. |

ójis..thamáśvyam. paśúm || 16 ||

yá .rjrā´ vā´taram

. haso rus.ā´so raghus.yádah. |
′

bhrā´jante sū´ryā iva || 17 ||

pā´rāvatasya rātı́s.u draváccakres.vāśús.u |

. vánasya mádhya ā´ || 18 ||
tı́s..tham
 ✶✵✵✶

✶✸✳ ❏♦✉r♥❡② ❤❡r❡ ❢r♦♠ ❛❜♦✈❡ t❤❡ t♦♣ ♦❢ t❤❡ s❡❛✹

❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ ❦♥♦tt② ♦♥❡s✦
❬❍❡❪ ♦❢ t❤❛t ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ❬✐s❪ ❣♦✈❡r♥✐♥❣✱
❖ ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧✲❜②✲❞❛② ♦♥❡✱ ❬s♦ t❤❛t❪ ②❡ ❥♦✉r♥❡② ❞✉r✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❞❛②✦
✶✹✳ ❇r❡❛❦ ♦♣❡♥ ❢♦r ✉s t❤♦✉s❛♥❞s r❡❧❛t❡❞ t♦ ❝♦✇s
r❡❧❛t❡❞ t♦ ❤♦rs❡s ❬str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞s❪✱ ❖ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✦
❬❍❡❪ ♦❢ t❤❛t ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ❬✐s❪ ❣♦✈❡r♥✐♥❣✱
❖ ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧✲❜②✲❞❛② ♦♥❡✱ ❬s♦ t❤❛t❪ ②❡ ❥♦✉r♥❡② ❞✉r✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❞❛②✦
✶✺✳ ❇r✐♥❣ t♦ ✉s ✐♥ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞ ✇❛②s
✉♥❛tt❛❝❤❡❞ ❬t♦ r❡❝✐♣r♦❝❛❧ ♦❜❧✐❣❛t✐♦♥s❪ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ❣✐❢ts✦
❬❍❡❪ ♦❢ t❤❛t ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ❬✐s❪ ❣♦✈❡r♥✐♥❣✱
❖ ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧✲❜②✲❞❛② ♦♥❡✱ ❬s♦ t❤❛t❪ ②❡ ❥♦✉r♥❡② ❞✉r✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❞❛②✦
✖✖
✶✻✳ ❲❤❡♥ ❬■❪ ❛♥❞ Indra
♦❜t❛✐♥ ❢r♦♠ Vasurocis
♠♦st✲✜❡r❝❡ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞✲❬str♦♥❣❪ ❤❡r❞ ♦❢ ❤♦rs❡s✺
✶✼✳ ✇❤✐❝❤ ❬❛r❡❪ ❣♦✐♥❣✲str❛✐❣❤t s♣❡❡❞②✲❛s✲✇✐♥❞
t❡♠♣❡r❡❞ q✉✐❝❦✲t♦✲❤❛st❡♥✱
❬✇❤✐❝❤❪ s❤✐♥❡ ❧✐❦❡ s✉♥s✱
✶✽✳ ✇❤❡♥ q✉✐❝❦ ❣✐❢ts ♦❢ ❤✐♠✻ ✇❤♦ ✐s ❝♦♠✐♥❣ ❢r♦♠ ❛ ❞✐st❛♥❝❡
❬❛r❡❪ ♦♦③✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❝❛❦r❛s✼ ✱
■ ❬✇✐❧❧❪ st❛♥❞ ✐♥ t❤❡ ♠✐❞❞❧❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ✇♦♦❞❬❡♥❪ ❬❝❤❛r✐♦t❪✳

❚❤✐s ❤②♠♥ ✐s ❛ ✇❛rr✐♦r✬s ✐♥✈♦❝❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ Indra ✐♥ ❛♥t✐❝✐♣❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❡①✲

♣❡❝t❡❞ ❛t ❞❛②❜r❡❛❦ ❡♥❡♠✐❡s ✭t❤♦s❡ ✇❤♦s❡ ❢❡❧❧② ❜② t❤✐s t✐♠❡ st❛rts
✇♦❜❜❧✐♥❣ ✖ ✈❡rs❡ ✸✳✮✳ ❚❤❡ s♣❡❧❧ ♦❢ ✈❡rs❡s ✶✻✕✶✽ ♠❛❦❡s t❤❡ ✇❛rr✐♦r
t♦ ❛s✲✐❢✲♣r♦❣r❛♠ ❤✐♠s❡❧❢ t♦ ❡♥t❡r t❤❡ st❛t❡ ♦❢ Indra ❜② ❛❜s♦r❜✐♥❣
✐♥t♦ t❤❡ ❜♦❞② ❡①tr❛❝t ♦❢ Soma ❛t t❤❡ r✐❣❤t ♠♦♠❡♥t✳

✹ ♣r♦❜✳ ✏❢r♦♠ t❤❡ t❤✐r❞ ❝❛❦r❛✑ s✐♥❝❡ ✐t ✐s ❧♦❝❛t❡❞ ❛❜♦✈❡ t❤❡ t♦♣ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❤❡❛rt
❝❛❦r❛ t❤❛t ✐s ✏t❤❡ s❡❛✑
✺ ❂ ❞r♦♣s ♦❢ Soma ❥✉✐❝❡
✻ ♣r♦❜✳ Indra
✼ ❧✐t✳ ✏✇❤❡❡❧s✑
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✽✳✸✻

Śyāvāsva Ātreya | ✶✕✻ Śakvarı̄✱ ✼ Mahāpaṅkti | t♦ Indra

avitā´si sunvató vr.ktábarhis.ah.

pı́bā sómam. mádāya kám . śatakrato |
yám. te bhāgámádhārayanvı́śvāh. sehānáh. pŕ.tanā
urú jráyah. sámapsujı́nmarútvām̃ . indra satpate || 1 ||

prā´va stotā´ram
. maghavannáva tvā´m .
pı́bā sómam . mádāya . śatakrato |
kám
yám. te bhāgámádhārayanvı́śvāh. sehānáh. pŕ.tanā
urú jráyah. sámapsujı́nmarútvām̃ . indra satpate || 2 ||

ūrjā´ devā´m̃
. ávasyójasā tvā´m
.
pı́bā sómam . mádāya kám . śatakrato |
yám. te bhāgámádhārayanvı́śvāh. sehānáh. pŕ.tanā
urú jráyah. sámapsujı́nmarútvām̃ . indra satpate || 3 ||

janitā´ divó janitā´ pr.thivyā´h.

pı́bā sómam . mádāya kám . śatakrato |
yám. te bhāgámádhārayanvı́śvāh. sehānáh. pŕ.tanā
urú jráyah. sámapsujı́nmarútvām̃ . indra satpate || 4 ||
 ✶✵✵✸

✶✳ ❚❤♦✉ ❛r❡ ❛ ❤❡❧♣❡r ♦❢ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ✐s ♣r❡ss✐♥❣ ❬Soma❪✱

♦❢ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦s❡ s❛❝r✐✜❝✐❛❧ ❣r❛ss ❤❛s ❜❡❡♥ t✇✐st❡❞✳
❉r✐♥❦ Soma ❢♦r✱ ✇❡❧❧✱ ❛♥ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t✐♦♥✱
❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ✇✐❧❡s ♦♥❡✱
❬t❤❛t❪ t❤② s❤❛r❡ ✇❤✐❝❤ t❤❡② ❞✐❞ ❦❡❡♣✦
❈♦♠♣❧❡t❡❧② ✇✐♥♥✐♥❣ ♠✐❞st ✇❛t❡rs ❛ ✇✐❞❡ ❬♠❡♥t❛❧❪ s♣❛❝❡✱
❬t❤♦✉ ❛r❡❪ ♣r❡✈❛✐❧✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❛❧❧ ❜❛tt❧❡s✱
❬❛r❡❪ ❜❡✐♥❣ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② Marut✲s✱
❖ Indra✱ ❖ ♦✈❡rs❡❡r ♦❢ ✇❤❛t✬s r❡❛❧✦
✷✳ ❋❛✈♦✉r t❤❡ ♣r❛✐s❡r✱ ❤❡❧♣ t❤②s❡❧❢✦
❉r✐♥❦ Soma ❢♦r✱ ✇❡❧❧✱ ❛♥ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t✐♦♥✱
❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ✇✐❧❡s ♦♥❡✱
❬t❤❛t❪ t❤② s❤❛r❡ ✇❤✐❝❤ t❤❡② ❞✐❞ ❦❡❡♣✦
❈♦♠♣❧❡t❡❧② ✇✐♥♥✐♥❣ ♠✐❞st ✇❛t❡rs ❛ ✇✐❞❡ ❬♠❡♥t❛❧❪ s♣❛❝❡✱
❬t❤♦✉ ❛r❡❪ ♣r❡✈❛✐❧✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❛❧❧ ❜❛tt❧❡s✱
❬❛r❡❪ ❜❡✐♥❣ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② Marut✲s✱
❖ Indra✱ ❖ ♦✈❡rs❡❡r ♦❢ ✇❤❛t✬s r❡❛❧✦
✸✳ ❲✐t❤ ❬t❤②❪ str❡♥❣t❤ t❤♦✉ ❤❡❧♣ deva✲s✱ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ❢r❡♥③② ✖ t❤②s❡❧❢✳
❉r✐♥❦ Soma ❢♦r✱ ✇❡❧❧✱ ❛♥ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t✐♦♥✱
❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ✇✐❧❡s ♦♥❡✱
❬t❤❛t❪ t❤② s❤❛r❡ ✇❤✐❝❤ t❤❡② ❞✐❞ ❦❡❡♣✦
❈♦♠♣❧❡t❡❧② ✇✐♥♥✐♥❣ ♠✐❞st ✇❛t❡rs ❛ ✇✐❞❡ ❬♠❡♥t❛❧❪ s♣❛❝❡✱
❬t❤♦✉ ❛r❡❪ ♣r❡✈❛✐❧✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❛❧❧ ❜❛tt❧❡s✱
❬❛r❡❪ ❜❡✐♥❣ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② Marut✲s✱
❖ Indra✱ ❖ ♦✈❡rs❡❡r ♦❢ ✇❤❛t✬s r❡❛❧✦
✹✳ ❬❇❡✐♥❣❪ ❛ ♣r♦❣❡♥✐t♦r ♦❢ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥✱ ❛ ♣r♦❣❡♥✐t♦r ♦❢ t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤
❞r✐♥❦ Soma ❢♦r✱ ✇❡❧❧✱ ❛♥ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t✐♦♥✱
❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ✇✐❧❡s ♦♥❡✱
❬t❤❛t❪ t❤② s❤❛r❡ ✇❤✐❝❤ t❤❡② ❞✐❞ ❦❡❡♣✦
❈♦♠♣❧❡t❡❧② ✇✐♥♥✐♥❣ ♠✐❞st ✇❛t❡rs ❛ ✇✐❞❡ ❬♠❡♥t❛❧❪ s♣❛❝❡✱
❬t❤♦✉ ❛r❡❪ ♣r❡✈❛✐❧✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❛❧❧ ❜❛tt❧❡s✱
❬❛r❡❪ ❜❡✐♥❣ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② Marut✲s✱
❖ Indra✱ ❖ ♦✈❡rs❡❡r ♦❢ ✇❤❛t✬s r❡❛❧✦
✶✵✵✹

janitā´śvānām
. janitā´ gávāmasi
pı́bā sómam . mádāya kám . śatakrato |
yám. te bhāgámádhārayanvı́śvāh. sehānáh. pŕ.tanā
urú jráyah. sámapsujı́nmarútvām̃ . indra satpate || 5 ||

átrı̄n.ām
. stómamadrivo maháskr.dhi
pı́bā sómam . śatakrato |
. mádāya kám
yám. te bhāgámádhārayanvı́śvāh. sehānáh. pŕ.tanā
urú jráyah. sámapsujı́nmarútvām̃ . indra satpate || 6 ||

śyāvā´śvasya sunvatástáthā śr.n.u

yáthā´śr.n.orátreh. kármān.i kr.n.vatáh. |
prá trasádasyumāvitha tváméka ı́n
nr..sā´hya ı́ndra bráhmān.i vardháyan || 7 ||
 ✶✵✵✺

✺✳ ❚❤♦✉ ❛r❡ ❛ ♣r♦❣❡♥✐t♦r ♦❢ ❤♦rs❡s✶ ✱ ❛ ♣r♦❣❡♥✐t♦r ♦❢ t❤❡ ❝♦✇s✷ ✳

❉r✐♥❦ Soma ❢♦r✱ ✇❡❧❧✱ ❛♥ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t✐♦♥✱
❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ✇✐❧❡s ♦♥❡✱
❬t❤❛t❪ t❤② s❤❛r❡ ✇❤✐❝❤ t❤❡② ❞✐❞ ❦❡❡♣✦
❈♦♠♣❧❡t❡❧② ✇✐♥♥✐♥❣ ♠✐❞st ✇❛t❡rs ❛ ✇✐❞❡ ❬♠❡♥t❛❧❪ s♣❛❝❡✱
❬t❤♦✉ ❛r❡❪ ♣r❡✈❛✐❧✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❛❧❧ ❜❛tt❧❡s✱
❬❛r❡❪ ❜❡✐♥❣ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② Marut✲s✱
❖ Indra✱ ❖ ♦✈❡rs❡❡r ♦❢ ✇❤❛t✬s r❡❛❧✦
✻✳ ❙✇✐❢t❧② ❡✛❡❝t Atri✲s✬ ❤②♠♥ ♦❢ ♣r❛✐s❡✱ ❖ st♦♥❡ ✇✐❡❧❞❡r✦
❉r✐♥❦ Soma ❢♦r✱ ✇❡❧❧✱ ❛♥ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t✐♦♥✱
❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ✇✐❧❡s ♦♥❡✱
❬t❤❛t❪ t❤② s❤❛r❡ ✇❤✐❝❤ t❤❡② ❞✐❞ ❦❡❡♣✦
❈♦♠♣❧❡t❡❧② ✇✐♥♥✐♥❣ ♠✐❞st ✇❛t❡rs ❛ ✇✐❞❡ ❬♠❡♥t❛❧❪ s♣❛❝❡✱
❬t❤♦✉ ❛r❡❪ ♣r❡✈❛✐❧✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❛❧❧ ❜❛tt❧❡s✱
❬❛r❡❪ ❜❡✐♥❣ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② Marut✲s✱
❖ Indra✱ ❖ ♦✈❡rs❡❡r ♦❢ ✇❤❛t✬s r❡❛❧✦
✼✳ ❆s t❤♦✉ ❧✐st❡♥❡❞ ❬t♦ ✐♥✈♦❝❛t✐♦♥❪ ♦❢ Atri✱
❬✇❤♦ ✇❛s❪ ♣❡r❢♦r♠✐♥❣ r✐t✉❛❧ ❛❝t✐♦♥s✱
s♦ ❞♦ ❧✐st❡♥ ❬t♦ ✐♥✈♦❝❛t✐♦♥❪ ♦❢ ♣r❡ss✐♥❣ ❬Soma❪ Śyāvāśva✦
❚❤♦✉ ❬✇❡r❡❪ t❤❡ ♦♥❧② ♦♥❡ ✇❤♦ ❤❡❧♣❡❞ Trasadasyu✳
❆t ♣r❡✈❛✐❧✐♥❣ ♦✈❡r ♠❡♥✱ ❖ Indra✱
❬❜❡❪ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥s✦

✶ r❤②t❤♠s
✷ ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✽✳✸✼

Śyāvāsva Ātreya | ✶ Atijagatı̄✱ ✷✕✼ Mahāpaṅkti | t♦ Indra

prédám. bráhma vr.tratū´ryes.vāvitha

prá sunvatáh. śacı̄pata ı́ndra vı́śvābhirūtı́bhih. |
mā´dhyam . dinasya sávanasya vr.trahannanedya
pı́bā sómasya vajrivah. || 1 ||

sehāná ugra pŕ.tanā abhı́ drúhah.

śacı̄pata ı́ndra vı́śvābhirūtı́bhih. |
mā´dhyam . dinasya sávanasya vr.trahannanedya
pı́bā sómasya vajrivah. || 2 ||

ekarā´..dasyá bhúvanasya rājasi

śacı̄pata ı́ndra vı́śvābhirūtı́bhih. |
mā´dhyam . dinasya sávanasya vr.trahannanedya
pı́bā sómasya vajrivah. || 3 ||

sasthā´vānā yavayasi tváméka ı́chacı̄pata

ı́ndra vı́śvābhirūtı́bhih. |
mā´dhyam . dinasya sávanasya vr.trahannanedya
pı́bā sómasya vajrivah. || 4 ||

ks.émasya ca prayújaśca tvámı̄śis.e

śacı̄pata ı́ndra vı́śvābhirūtı́bhih. |
mā´dhyam . dinasya sávanasya vr.trahannanedya
pı́bā sómasya vajrivah. || 5 ||

ks.atrā´ya tvamávasi ná tvamāvitha

śacı̄pata ı́ndra vı́śvābhirūtı́bhih. |
mā´dhyam . dinasya sávanasya vr.trahannanedya
pı́bā sómasya vajrivah. || 6 ||

śyāvā´śvasya rébhatastáthā śr.n.u

yáthā´śr.n.orátreh. kármān.i kr.n.vatáh. |
prá trasádasyumāvitha tváméka ı́n
nr..sā´hya ı́ndra ks.atrā´n.i vardháyan || 7 ||
 ✶✵✵✼

✶✳ ❚❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ♣r♦♠♦t❡❞ ❛ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥

❞✉r✐♥❣ ❤❛st❡♥✐♥❣ ♣❛st vrtra✲s ✱
✶
♣r♦❬♠♦t❡❞❪ ❬❛ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥❪ ♦❢. ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ✇❛s ♣r❡ss✐♥❣ ❬Soma❪
✇✐t❤ ❛❧❧ ❬t❤②❪ ✇❛②s ♦❢ ❤❡❧♣✐♥❣✱
❖ ♠❛st❡r ♦❢ ♠✐❣❤t② ❛ss✐st❛♥❝❡ Indra✦
❆t ♠✐❞❞❛② ♣r❡ss✐♥❣✱ ❖ ♥♦t✲t♦✲❜❡✲❝♦♥str❛✐♥❡❞ Vr.tra✲s❧❛②❡r✱
❞r✐♥❦ Soma✱ ❖ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲❜❡❛r❡r✦
✷✳ Pr❡✈❛✐❧✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❜❛tt❧❡s✱ ❖ ❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s ♦♥❡✱ ♦✈❡r ❢♦❡s✱
✇✐t❤ ❛❧❧ ❬t❤②❪ ✇❛②s ♦❢ ❤❡❧♣✐♥❣✱
❖ ♠❛st❡r ♦❢ ♠✐❣❤t② ❛ss✐st❛♥❝❡ Indra✦
❆t ♠✐❞❞❛② ♣r❡ss✐♥❣✱ ❖ ♥♦t✲t♦✲❜❡✲❝♦♥str❛✐♥❡❞ Vr.tra✲s❧❛②❡r✱
❞r✐♥❦ Soma✱ ❖ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲❜❡❛r❡r✦
✸✳ ❚❤❡ ♦♥❧② r✉❧❡r ♦❢ t❤✐s ❢❛❝❡t ♦❢ ❧✐❢❡✱ t❤♦✉ r✉❧❡✱
✇✐t❤ ❛❧❧ ❬t❤②❪ ✇❛②s ♦❢ ❤❡❧♣✐♥❣✱
❖ ♠❛st❡r ♦❢ ♠✐❣❤t② ❛ss✐st❛♥❝❡ Indra✦
❆t ♠✐❞❞❛② ♣r❡ss✐♥❣✱ ❖ ♥♦t✲t♦✲❜❡✲❝♦♥str❛✐♥❡❞ Vr.tra✲s❧❛②❡r✱
❞r✐♥❦ Soma✱ ❖ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲❜❡❛r❡r✦
✹✳ ❚❤♦✉ ❬❛r❡❪ t❤❡ ♦♥❧② ♦♥❡ ✇❤♦ ♠❛❦❡s t❤❡ t✇♦ ♣❡rs✐st✐♥❣ ♦♥❡s ✷
t♦ ✉♥✐t❡
✇✐t❤ ❛❧❧ ❬t❤②❪ ✇❛②s ♦❢ ❤❡❧♣✐♥❣✱
❖ ♠❛st❡r ♦❢ ♠✐❣❤t② ❛ss✐st❛♥❝❡ Indra✦
❆t ♠✐❞❞❛② ♣r❡ss✐♥❣✱ ❖ ♥♦t✲t♦✲❜❡✲❝♦♥str❛✐♥❡❞ Vr.tra✲s❧❛②❡r✱
❞r✐♥❦ Soma✱ ❖ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲❜❡❛r❡r✦
✺✳ ❚❤♦✉ ❛r❡ ❛ ♠❛st❡r ♦❢ s❡tt❧❡❞ ❧✐❢❡ ❛♥❞ ♦❢ ❣❡❛r✐♥❣ ✉♣ ❬❢♦r ✇❛r❪ ✖
✇✐t❤ ❛❧❧ ❬t❤②❪ ✇❛②s ♦❢ ❤❡❧♣✐♥❣✱
❖ ♠❛st❡r ♦❢ ♠✐❣❤t② ❛ss✐st❛♥❝❡ Indra✦
❆t ♠✐❞❞❛② ♣r❡ss✐♥❣✱ ❖ ♥♦t✲t♦✲❜❡✲❝♦♥str❛✐♥❡❞ Vr.tra✲s❧❛②❡r✱
❞r✐♥❦ Soma✱ ❖ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲❜❡❛r❡r✦
✻✳ ❚❤♦✉ ❧❡❛❞ t♦ ❛ s✉♣r❡♠❛❝② ✖ t❤♦✉ ❞♦ ♥♦t ❬❥✉st❪ ❤❡❧♣
✇✐t❤ ❛❧❧ ❬t❤②❪ ✇❛②s ♦❢ ❤❡❧♣✐♥❣✱
❖ ♠❛st❡r ♦❢ ♠✐❣❤t② ❛ss✐st❛♥❝❡ Indra✦
❆t ♠✐❞❞❛② ♣r❡ss✐♥❣✱ ❖ ♥♦t✲t♦✲❜❡✲❝♦♥str❛✐♥❡❞ Vr.tra✲s❧❛②❡r✱
❞r✐♥❦ Soma✱ ❖ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲❜❡❛r❡r✦
✼✳ ❆s t❤♦✉ ❧✐st❡♥❡❞ ❬t♦ ✐♥✈♦❝❛t✐♦♥❪ ♦❢ Atri✱
❬✇❤♦ ✇❛s❪ ♣❡r❢♦r♠✐♥❣ r✐t✉❛❧ ❛❝t✐♦♥s✱
s♦ ❞♦ ❧✐st❡♥ t♦ ♠✉r♠✉r✐♥❣ Śyāvāśva✦
❚❤♦✉ ❬✇❡r❡❪ t❤❡ ♦♥❧② ♦♥❡ ✇❤♦ ❤❡❧♣❡❞ Trasadasyu✳
❆t ♣r❡✈❛✐❧✐♥❣ ♦✈❡r ♠❡♥✱
❖ Indra✱ ❬❜❡❪ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥✐♥❣ t❤❡ s✉♣r❡♠❛❝②✦
✶ ♦❜st❛❝❧❡s
✷ Rodas✲❡s
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✽✳✸✽

Śyāvāsva Ātreya | Gāyatrı̄ | t♦ Indra ❛♥❞ Agni

yajñásya hı́ sthá .rtvı́jā sásnı̄ vā´jes.u kármasu |

ı́ndrāgnı̄ tásya bodhatam || 1 ||

tośā´sā rathayā´vānā vr.trahán.ā´parājitā |

ı́ndrāgnı̄ tásya bodhatam || 2 ||

idám
. vām . madirám . mádhvádhuks.annádribhirnárah. |
ı́ndrāgnı̄ tásya bodhatam || 3 ||

jus.éthām
. yajñámis..táye sutám . sadhastutı̄ |
. sómam
ı́ndrāgnı̄ ā´ gatam
. narā || 4 ||

imā´ jus.ethām. sávanā yébhirhavyā´nyūháthuh. |

´
ı́ndrāgnı̄ ā gatam. narā || 5 ||

imā´m
. gāyatrávartanim . jus.éthām . máma |
. sus..tutı́m
ı́ndrāgnı̄ ā´ gatam
. narā || 6 ||

prātaryā´vabhirā´ gatam
. devébhirjenyāvasū |
ı́ndrāgnı̄ sómapı̄taye || 7 ||

śyāvā´śvasya sunvató ′trı̄n.ām . hávam |

. śr.n.utam
ı́ndrāgnı̄ sómapı̄taye || 8 ||

evā´ vāmahva ūtáye yáthā´huvanta médhirāh. |

ı́ndrāgnı̄ sómapı̄taye || 9 ||

ā´hám
. sárasvatı̄vatorindrāgnyórávo vr.n.e |
yā´bhyām
. gāyatrámr.cyáte || 10 ||
 ✶✵✵✾

✶✳ ❙✐♥❝❡ ②♦✉ t✇♦ ❛r❡ ♣r♦♣❡r ♣r✐❡sts ♦❢ ❛ ✜r❡ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣✱

❬❛♥❞❪ ♣r♦❝✉r✐♥❣ ❞✉r✐♥❣ r✉s❤❡s ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱ ❞✉r✐♥❣ r✐t✉❛❧ ❛❝t✐♦♥s
❬❞✐✣❝✉❧t t♦ ♦✈❡r❝♦♠❡ str❡♥❣t❤✶ ❪
❖ Indra✕Agni✱ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❛✇❛r❡ ♦❢ t❤❛t✦
✷✳ ❬❨♦✉❪ t✇♦✱ ❛♠❛ss✐♥❣ ❬✐t❪✱ r✐❞✐♥❣ ❛ ❝❤❛r✐♦t
s❧❛②❡rs ♦❢ Vr.ta✱ ✉♥❝♦♥q✉❡r❡❞ ♦♥❡s✱
❖ Indra✕Agni✱ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❛✇❛r❡ ♦❢ t❤❛t✦
✸✳ ❋♦r ②♦✉ t✇♦ t❤❡ ♠❡♥ ♠✐❧❦❡❞ ✇✐t❤ st♦♥❡s
t❤✐s ❜r❡✇✐♥❣✲❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t✐♦♥ ❤♦♥❡②✱
❖ Indra✕Agni✱ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❛✇❛r❡ ♦❢ t❤❛t✦
✹✳ ❋♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ ❬♦✉r❪ ❡♥❞❡❛✈♦r✐♥❣ t♦ ♦❜t❛✐♥ ❬✐t❪✱
❡♥❥♦② t❤❡ ✜r❡ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣ ❬❛♥❞❪ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ Soma✱ ❖ ♣r❛✐s❡❞ ❥♦✐♥t❧②✦
❖ Indra✕Agni✱ ❝♦♠❡ ❤❡r❡✱ ❖ ♠❡♥✦
✺✳ ❊♥❥♦② t❤❡s❡ ♣r❡ss✐♥❣s ❬♦❢ Soma❪
✇✐t❤ ✇❤✐❝❤ ②♦✉ t✇♦ ❤❛✈❡ ❝♦♥✈❡②❡❞ ♦❜❧❛t✐♦♥s ❬t♦ t❤❡ ❧✐❢❡✲❢♦r❝❡❪✦
❖ Indra✕Agni✱ ❝♦♠❡ ❤❡r❡✱ ❖ ♠❡♥✦
✻✳ ❊♥❥♦② t❤✐s ♠② ❝♦rr❡❝t❧② ❛rt✐❝✉❧❛t❡❞ ♣r❛✐s❡
♦❢ ✇❤✐❝❤ tr❛❝❦ ❬✐s❪ t❤❡ Gāyatrı̄ ♠❡t❡r✦
❖ Indra✕Agni✱ ❝♦♠❡ ❤❡r❡✱ ❖ ♠❡♥✦
✖✖
✼✳ ❉♦ ❝♦♠❡ ❤❡r❡✱ ❖ ❬②♦✉❪ t✇♦ ✇❤♦s❡ ❜❡♥❡✜ts ❛r❡ ♥♦❜❧❡✱
t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ❛r✐s✐♥❣ ❛t ❞❛②✲❜r❡❛❦ deva✲s✱
❖ Indra✕Agni✱ t♦ ❞r✐♥❦ Soma✦
✽✳ ❉♦ ❧✐st❡♥ t♦ Atri✲s✬ ✐♥✈♦❝❛t✐♦♥
♦❢ ♣r❡ss✐♥❣ ❬Soma❪ Śyāvāśva✱
❖ Indra✕Agni✱ t♦ ❞r✐♥❦ Soma✦
✾✳ ❚❤✉s ■ ❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥ ②♦✉ t✇♦ ❢♦r ❤❡❧♣
❛s t❤♦s❡ ♣♦ss❡ss✐♥❣ ♦❢ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ✈✐❣♦✉r ❤❛✈❡ ❝❛❧❧❡❞ ✉♣♦♥ ❬②♦✉❪ ✖
❖ Indra✕Agni✱ t♦ ❞r✐♥❦ Soma✦
✶✵✳ ■ ♣r❡❢❡r t❤❡ ❤❡❧♣ ♦❢ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② Sarasvatı̄
Indra✕Agni
❢♦r ✇❤♦♠ ❬t❤✐s❪ ❤②♠♥ ✐♥ t❤❡ Gāyatrı̄ ♠❡t❡r ✐s r❡❝✐t❡❞✳

✶ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✺✳✸✺✳✶❝

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✽✳✹✵

Nābhāka Kān.va | ✶✱ ✸✕✶✶ Mahāpaṅkti✱ ✷ Śakvarı̄✱ ✶✷ Tris..tubh | t♦

Indra ❛♥❞ Agni

ı́ndrāgnı̄ yuvám . sú nah.

sáhantā dā´satho rayı́m |
yéna dr...dhā´ samátsvā´ vı̄..dú citsāhis.ı̄máhyagnı́rváneva vā´ta ı́n
nábhantāmanyaké same || 1 ||

′
nahı́ vām
. vavráyāmahé théndramı́d
yajāmahe śávis..tham. . . ā´m
nr n . náram |
sá nah. kadā´ cidárvatā gámadā´ vā´jasātaye gámadā´ medhásātaye
nábhantāmanyaké same || 2 ||

tā´ hı́ mádhyam . bhárān.ām indrāgn´ı̄ adhiks.itáh. |

tā´ u kavitvanā´ kav´ı̄ pr.chyámānā sakhı̄yaté
sám . dhı̄támaśnutam . narā
nábhantāmanyaké same || 3 ||

abhyàrca nabhākavádindrāgn´ı̄ yajásā girā´ |

yáyorvı́śvamidám. jágadiyám. dyauh´.
pr.thiv´ı̄ mahyùpásthe bibhr.tó vásu
nábhantāmanyaké same || 4 ||

prá bráhmān.i nabhākavádindrāgnı́bhyāmirajyata |

yā´ saptábudhnamarn.avám . jihmábāramaporn.utá
ı́ndra ´ı̄śāna ójasā
nábhantāmanyaké same || 5 ||
 ✶✵✶✶

✶✳ ❖ Indra✲Agni✱ ②♦✉ t✇♦ ❛r❡ ❡❛s✐❧② ♦✈❡r♣♦✇❡r✐♥❣ ✉s

❬❛♥❞❪ ✐♠♣❛rt✐♥❣ t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡
✇✐t❤ ✇❤✐❝❤ ✐♥ ❝❧❛s❤❡s ✇❡ ♠✐❣❤t ♦✈❡r♣♦✇❡r str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞s
❬❛♥❞❪ ❡✈❡♥ t❤❡ ✜r♠ ♦♥❡ ✖ ✶
❥✉st ❛s ✜r❡ ❬♦✈❡r♣♦✇❡rs❪ t❤✐❝❦❡ts ✇❤❡♥ ❬t❤❡r❡ ✐s❪ ✇✐♥❞✳
▼❛② ♦t❤❡rs ❜✉rst✱ ❖ t✇♦ ❜❛❧❛♥❝❡❞ ♦♥❡s ✦ ✷
✷✳ ❙✐♥❝❡ ✇❡ ❞♦ ♥♦t ❡✈❛❞❡ ②♦✉ t✇♦✱
♠♦r❡♦✈❡r r❛t❤❡r✱ ✇❡ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡ ❥✉st t♦ Indra
❛s ❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♠♦st ♣♦✇❡r✲t♦✲❝❤❛♥❣❡ ♠❛♥ ♦❢ ❬❛❧❧❪ ♠❡♥✳
❲❤❡♥ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ t❤❡ ❝♦✉rs❡r ✸
✇♦✉❧❞ ❤❡ ❝♦♠❡ ❤❡r❡ t♦ ✉s t♦ ♦❜t❛✐♥ t❤❡ ♥♦✉r✐s❤✐♥❣ ❞r✐♥❦❄
▼❛② ♦t❤❡rs ❜✉rst✱ ❖ t✇♦ ❜❛❧❛♥❝❡❞ ♦♥❡s✦
✸✳ ❙✐♥❝❡ t❤♦s❡ t✇♦✱ Indra ❬❛♥❞❪ Agni✱
❛❜✐❞❡ ✐♥ t❤❡ ♠✐❞st ♦❢ ❜❛tt❧❡s✱
t❤r♦✉❣❤ ❬t❤❡✐r❪ ♣♦❡t✐❝ s❦✐❧❧ t❤♦s❡ t✇♦✱ ❣✐❢t❡❞ ✇✐t❤ ✐♥s✐❣❤t✱
❬❛r❡❪ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ ❬❤✐♠ ❪ ❢♦r ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ✐s ✐♥✲t✉♥❡ ❬✇✐t❤ t❤❡♠❪✳
✹
❉♦ r❡❛❧✐③❡ ✇❤❛t ✐s ❜❡✐♥❣ ❡♥✈✐s✐♦♥❡❞✱ ❖ t✇♦ ♠❡♥✦
▼❛② ♦t❤❡rs ❜✉rst✱ ❖ t✇♦ ❜❛❧❛♥❝❡❞ ♦♥❡s✦
✹✳ ▲✐❦❡ Nābhaka ❞♦ t❤♦✉ ❝❡❧❡❜r❛t❡
✇✐t❤ ❛ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡✱ ✇✐t❤ ❛ ❝❤❛♥t Indra ❬❛♥❞❪ Agni
✇❤♦s❡ t❤✐s ❡♥t✐r❡ ✇♦r❧❞ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❧✐✈✐♥❣ ❬✐s❪✱
✐♥t♦ ✇❤♦s❡ ❧❛♣ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥✱ t❤✐s ♠✐❣❤t② ❊❛rt❤
❜r✐♥❣ t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡✳
▼❛② ♦t❤❡rs ❜✉rst✱ ❖ t✇♦ ❜❛❧❛♥❝❡❞ ♦♥❡s✦
✺✳ ▲✐❦❡ Nābhaka ②❡ s❤❛❧❧ ♣r❡♣❛r❡ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥s
❢♦r Indra ❬❛♥❞❪ Agni✱
✇❤♦ t✇♦ s✉rr♦✉♥❞ ❤❛✈✐♥❣✲s❡✈❡♥✲❜❛s❡s
❤❛✈✐♥❣✲❞r❛✐♥✲♦♥✲♦♥❡✲s✐❞❡ ✢♦♦❞✳ ✺
❇② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❢r❡♥③② Indra ✐s ✐♥ ❝❤❛r❣❡ ♦❢ ❬✐t❪✳
▼❛② ♦t❤❡rs ❜✉rst✱ ❖ t✇♦ ❜❛❧❛♥❝❡❞ ♦♥❡s✦

✶ ♣r♦❜✳ Vrtra
.
✷ Rodas✲❡s
✸ ✐♥♥❡r Soma
✹ ✐♥♥❡r Soma
✺ ✏t❤❡ ❞r❛✐♥✑ ✐s ❛t t❤❡ t♦♣ ♦❢ t❤❡ s❦✉❧❧
✶✵✶✷

ápi vr.śca purān.avádvratáteriva gus.pitám

ójo dāsásya dambhaya |
vayám . tádasya sámbhr.tam . vásvı́ndren.a vı́ bhajemahi
nábhantāmanyaké same || 6 ||

yádindrāgn´ı̄ jánā imé vihváyante tánā girā´ |

asmā´kebhirnŕ.bhirvayám .
sāsahyā´ma pr.tanyató vanuyā´ma vanus.yató
nábhantāmanyaké same || 7 ||

yā´ nú śvetā´vavó divá uccárāta úpa dyúbhih. |

indrāgnyóránu vratámúhānā yanti sı́ndhavo
yā´nsı̄m
. bandhā´dámuñcatām . nábhantāmanyaké same || 8 ||

pūrv´ı̄.s.ta indrópamātayah.
pūrv´ı̄rutá práśastayah. sū´no hinvásya harivah. |
vásvo vı̄rásyāpŕ.co yā´ nú sā´dhanta no dhı́yo
nábhantāmanyaké same || 9 ||

tám . sátvānamr.gmı́yam |
. śiśı̄tā suvr.ktı́bhistves.ám
utó nú cidyá ójasā
śús.n.asyān.d.ā´ni bhédati jés.atsvàrvatı̄rapó
nábhantāmanyaké same || 10 ||
 ✶✵✶✸

✻✳ ❆❧s♦✱ ❛s ♦❢ ♦❧❞✱ ❞♦ t❤♦✉ s❡✈❡r❡ ❛❝❝✉♠✉❧❛t❡❞ ❬❧❛②❡r ♦❢ ❞❡❢❡♥s❡s❪

❛s ✐❢ ❬❧❛②❡rs❪ ♦❢ ❛ ❝r❡❡♣❡r ❬❢r♦♠ ❛ tr❡❡❪✦
❉♦ t❤♦✉ ❬✱ ❖ Agni✱❪ ❝❛✉s❡ ❬Indra❪ t♦ ❞❡str♦②
t❤❡ ✈✐❣♦✉r ♦❢ t❤❡ ✜❡♥❞ ✱
✻
s♦ t❤❛t ✇❡ ❝❛♥ ❛♣♣♦rt✐♦♥ ♣r❡♣❛r❡❞ ❜❡♥❡✜t ✼
♦❢ t❤✐s ♦♥❡ t♦ Indra✦
✽
▼❛② ♦t❤❡rs ❜✉rst✱ ❖ t✇♦ ❜❛❧❛♥❝❡❞ ♦♥❡s✦
✼✳ ❲❤❡♥ ❛t ❧❡♥❣t❤ t❤❡s❡ ♣❡♦♣❧❡ ✈✐❡ ✐♥ ❝❛❧❧✐♥❣
Indra ❬❛♥❞❪ Agni ✇✐t❤ ❛ ❝❤❛♥t✱
✇❡ ✇✐t❤ ♦✉r ♠❡♥ ✇❡ ✇❡r❡ ❛❜❧❡ t♦ ♦✈❡r♣♦✇❡r t❤♦s❡
✇❤♦ ❛ss❛✐❧❡❞ ✉s✱
✇❡ ♠✐❣❤t ❬❡✈❡♥❪ ♣❧❛❝❡ ✇✐t❤✐♥ r❡❛❝❤ t❤♦s❡
s❡❡❦✐♥❣ t♦ ♣❧❛❝❡ ❬✉s❪ ✇✐t❤✐♥ ❬t❤❡✐r❪ r❡❛❝❤✳
▼❛② ♦t❤❡rs ❜✉rst✱ ❖ t✇♦ ❜❛❧❛♥❝❡❞ ♦♥❡s✦
✽✳ ❚❤♦s❡ t✇♦ ❜r✐❣❤t ♦♥❡s ✱ ✇❤✐❝❤ ♥♦✇ ❬❛r❡❪ ❞♦✇♥ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ s❦②✱
✾
r✐s❡ ✐♥ ❛❝❝♦r❞❛♥❝❡ ✇✐t❤ ❬♣❛ss✐♥❣ ♦❢❪ ❞❛②s✳
❋♦❧❧♦✇✐♥❣ t❤❡ s✇❛② ♦❢ Indra ❬❛♥❞❪ Agni
t❤❡ r✐✈❡rs ✇❤✐❝❤ t❤❡ t✇♦ s❡t ❧♦♦s❡ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ❞❛♠♥✐♥❣ ✉♣
❦❡❡♣ ❝♦♥✈❡②✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡❪✳
▼❛② ♦t❤❡rs ❜✉rst✱ ❖ t✇♦ ❜❛❧❛♥❝❡❞ ♦♥❡s✦
✾✳ ▼❛♥② ❬❛r❡❪ ❝✉❡s ❢♦r t❤❡❡✱
❖ Indra✱ ❛♥❞ ♠❛♥② ❬❛r❡❪ ❝♦♠♣❡t❡♥❝✐❡s✱
❖ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞✲❜②✲t❛✇♥②✲♦♥❡s ✐♥❝✐t❡r ♦❢ ❤❛st❡♥✐♥❣✲♦♥✱
s♦ t❤❛t ♦✉r ✈✐s✐♦♥s✱ ✇❤✐❝❤ ❬❛r❡❪ t♦ ❣✐✈❡ ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥t❧② ♥♦✇
t❤❡ ❜❡♥❡✜t ♦❢ t❤❡ ❤❡r♦✱ ✇♦✉❧❞ s✉❝❝❡❡❞✳
▼❛② ♦t❤❡rs ❜✉rst✱ ❖ t✇♦ ❜❛❧❛♥❝❡❞ ♦♥❡s✦
✶✵✳ ❲❤❡t ②❡ ❤✐♠✱ t❤❡ ✈❡❤❡♠❡♥t ✜❣❤t❡r✱ ✇✐t❤ ✇❡❧❧✲t✇✐st❡❞ ❬st❛♥③❛s❪✱
❬❤✐♠✱ ✇❤♦ ✐s❪ t♦✲❜❡✲♣r❛✐s❡❞✲✐♥✲✈❡rs❡s✱
❛♥❞ ✇❤♦ ❢♦rt❤✇✐t❤ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ❛ ❢r❡♥③②
❬✇✐❧❧❪ ❜r❡❛❦ t❤❡ ❡❣❣s ♦❢ Śus.n.a ✖
s♦ t❤❛t ❤❡ ✇♦✉❧❞ ✇✐♥ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② svàr ✇❛t❡rs✳
▼❛② ♦t❤❡rs ❜✉rst✱ ❖ t✇♦ ❜❛❧❛♥❝❡❞ ♦♥❡s✦

✻ Vrtra
✼❡①tr❛❝t ♦❢ Soma
.
✽ Soma ❤❡r❜
✾t❤❡ ❙✉♥ ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ▼♦♦♥
✶✵✶✹

tám. śiśı̄tā svadhvarám . satyám . sátvānamr.tvı́yam |

utó nú cidyá óhata
ān.d.ā´ śús.n.asya bhédatyájaih. svàrvatı̄rapó
nábhantāmanyaké same || 11 ||

evéndrāgnı́bhyām . pitr.vánnávı̄yo
mandhātr.vádaṅgirasvádavāci |
tridhā´tunā śárman.ā pātamasmā´n
. syāma pátayo rayı̄n.ā´m || 12 ||
vayám
 ✶✵✶✺

✶✶✳ ❲❤❡t ②❡ ❤✐♠ ✱ ✇❤♦ ✐s ❡❛s✐❧② ♣r♦❝❡❡❞✐♥❣ ♦♥ ❤✐s ♣❛t❤✱

✶✵
❛ tr✉❡ ✜❣❤t❡r ♦❜s❡r✈✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♣r♦♣❡r ❬❢♦r ✜❣❤t✐♥❣❪ t✐♠❡✱
❛♥❞ ✇❤♦ ❢♦rt❤✇✐t❤ ❬✇✐❧❧❪ ❛tt❡♥❞ t♦ ❬Indra❪✱
❬✇❤♦❪ ❜r❡❛❦s t❤❡ ❡❣❣s ♦❢ Śus.n.a
❬❛♥❞ ✇❤♦❪ ❤❛s ✇♦♥ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② svàr ✇❛t❡rs✳
▼❛② ♦t❤❡rs ❜✉rst✱ ❖ t✇♦ ❜❛❧❛♥❝❡❞ ♦♥❡s✦
✖✖
✶✷✳ ❙♦✱ t♦ Indra ❬❛♥❞❪ Agni t❤❡ ♥❡✇ ❬✈❡rs❡ ❪ ✇❛s s♣♦❦❡♥
✶✶
❛s ❢❛t❤❡rs ❬❞✐❞ ✐t❪ ✖ t❤♦✉❣❤t❢✉❧❧②✱ ♣r♦✈♦❦✐♥❣❧②✳
❉♦ ②♦✉ t✇♦ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❤r❡❡ ❝♦♠♣♦♥❡♥ts r❡❢✉❣❡ ✶✷
♣r♦t❡❝t ✉s ❬s♦ t❤❛t❪ ✇❡ ♠✐❣❤t ❜❡ ♠❛st❡rs ♦❢ r✐❝❤❡s✦

✶✵ ❛❞❡♣t ♦❢ Indra
✶✶ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✻✳✶✽✳✶✺❞
✶✷ ❡①tr❛❝t ♦❢ Soma ❤❡r❜
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✽✳✹✺

Triśoka Kān.va | Gāyatrı̄ | t♦ Indra

ā´ ghā yé agnı́mindhaté str.n.ánti barhı́rānus.ák |

yés.āmı́ndro yúvā sákhā || 1 ||

br.hánnı́didhmá es.ām. bhū´ri śastám

. pr.thúh. sváruh. |
yés.āmı́ndro yúvā sákhā || 2 ||

áyuddha ı́dyudhā´ vŕ.tam. śū´ra ā´jati sátvabhih. |

yés.āmı́ndro yúvā sákhā || 3 ||

ā´ bundám. vr.trahā´ dade jātáh. pr.chadvı́ mātáram |

´
ká ugrāh. ké ha śr.n.vire || 4 ||

práti tvā śavas´ı̄ vadadgirā´vápso ná yodhis.at |

yáste śatrutvámācaké || 5 ||

utá tvám . maghavañchr.n.u yáste vás..ti vaváks.i tát |

yádvı̄..dáyāsi vı̄..dú tát || 6 ||

. yā´tyājikŕ.dı́ndrah. svaśvayúrúpa |
yádājı́m
rathı̄tamo rath´ı̄nām || 7 ||
´

vı́ .sú vı́śvā abhiyújo vájrinvı́s.vagyáthā vr.ha |

bhávā nah. suśrávastamah. || 8 ||

asmā´kam. sú rátham . purá ı́ndrah. kr.n.otu sātáye |

ná yám
. dh ´
ū rvanti . || 9 ||
dhūrtáyah

vr.jyā´ma te pári dvı́s.ó ′ram

. te śakra dāváne |
gamémédindra gómatah. || 10 ||
 ✶✵✶✼

✶✳ ■♥❞❡❡❞ t❤♦s❡ ❝♦♥t✐♥✉❛❧❧② s♣r❡❛❞ s❛❝r✐✜❝✐❛❧ ❣r❛ss

✇❤♦ ❦✐♥❞❧❡ ❬t❤❡✐r❪ ✜r❡✱
✇❤♦s❡ ②♦✉t❤❢✉❧ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥ ✐s Indra✳
✷✳ ■♥❞❡❡❞ ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥t ✐s t❤❡✐r ❢✉❡❧✱ ❢r❡q✉❡♥t ❬✐s t❤❡✐r❪ r❡❝✐t❛t✐♦♥✱
✇✐❞❡
✶ ❬✐s t❤❡✐r❪ s❛❝r✐✜❝✐❛❧ ♣♦st
✇❤♦s❡ ②♦✉t❤❢✉❧ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥ ✐s Indra✳
✸✳ ❊✈❡♥ ❬✇❤❡♥❪ ♥♦t✲❜❡✐♥❣✲❢♦✉❣❤t✱ t❤❡ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡ ❤❛st❡♥s
t♦✇❛r❞s s✉rr♦✉♥❞❡❞✲❜②✲✜❣❤t✐♥❣ ❬❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥❪ ✇✐t❤ ❬❤✐s❪ ✜❣❤t❡rs
✇❤♦s❡ ②♦✉t❤❢✉❧ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥ ✐s Indra✳
✖✖
✹✳ ❙❧❛②❡r ♦❢ Vr.tra✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❜❡❡♥ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❡❞ ✱
✷
t❛❦✐♥❣ ❛♥ ❛rr♦✇✱ ✇♦✉❧❞ ❛s❦ ✈❛r✐♦✉s q✉❡st✐♦♥s ♦❢ ❬❤✐s❪ ♠♦t❤❡r ✱
✸
✏❲❤♦ ❛r❡ ❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s ♦♥❡s❄ ❲❤♦ ❤❛✈❡ ❧❡❛r♥❡❞ ❬t❤❡ s❦✐❧❧s❪❄✑
✺✳ ❙❤❡✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱ ✇♦✉❧❞ r❡♣❧②✱
✏▲✐❦❡ s❦✐❧❧❢✉❧ ♦♥❡s ♦♥ ❛ ❤✐❧❧ ❤❡ ✇♦✉❧❞ ✇❛❣❡ ✇❛r
✇❤♦ ❞❡s✐r❡s t❤② ❡♥♠✐t②✳✑
✻✳ ✏❆♥❞ ❞♦ ❧✐st❡♥ ❬t♦ t❤✐s❪✱ ❖ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡✦
❲❤♦ ❞❡s✐r❡s ❬s♦♠❡t❤✐♥❣❪ ♦❢ t❤❡❡✱ t❤♦✉ ❬✇✐❧❧❪ ❝♦♠♠❛♥❞ t❤❛t✱
✇❤❛t t❤♦✉ ♠❛❦❡ ✜r♠ ✖ t❤❛t ✐s ✇❤❛t ✐s ✜r♠✳✑
✼✳ ✏❲❤❡♥ ❛ ♣❛rt✐❝✐♣❛♥t ♦❢ ❛ ✜❣❤t✐♥❣ ♠❛t❝❤
s❡ts ♦✉t t♦ ❛ ✜❣❤t✐♥❣ ♠❛t❝❤✱
Indra✱ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ ❣♦♦❞ ❤♦rs❡s✱ ❬✐s❪✱ ♠♦r❡♦✈❡r✱
t❤❡ ❜❡st ❝❤❛r✐♦t❡❡r ♦❢ ❬❛❧❧❪ ❝❤❛r✐♦t❡❡rs✳✑
✖✖
✽✳ ◗✉✐❝❦❧② t❡❛r ✐♥t♦ ♣✐❡❝❡s ❛❧❧ ❛ss❛✐❧❛♥ts ❢r♦♠ ❡✈❡r②✇❤❡r❡✱
❖ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲✇✐❡❧❞❡r✦
❇❡ ❢♦r ✉s ❛❜♦✉♥❞✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❣❧♦r②✳
✹
✾✳ ▼❛② Indra ♠❛❦❡ ♦✉r ❝❤❛r✐♦t ✐♥ ❢r♦♥t
t♦ ♦❜t❛✐♥ ❬t❤❡ ♣r✐③❡❪✱
❬Indra✱❪ ✇❤♦♠ ✐♥❥✉r✐❡s ❞♦ ♥♦t ❜❡♥❞✳
✶✵✳ ❲❡ ❝❛♥ ❛✈♦✐❞ ❤♦st✐❧✐t✐❡s t♦✇❛r❞s t❤❡❡ s✉✣❝✐❡♥t❧② ❡♥♦✉❣❤
✐♥ ♦r❞❡r ❢♦r t❤❡❡ t♦ ❣✐✈❡✱ ❖ ❡♠♣♦✇❡r✐♥❣ ♦♥❡✦
❲❡ ❝❛♥ ✐♥❞❡❡❞ s❡t ♦✉t✱ ❖ Indra✱
t♦✇❛r❞s r✐❝❤ ✐♥ ❝♦✇s ❬❡♥❝❧♦s✉r❡s ❪✦
✺
✖✖

✶ ♦r✱ ♠❛♥✐❢♦❧❞
✷ ❧✐t✳ ✏❜♦r♥✑
✸ ♣r♦❜✳ Prśni
.
✹ t❤✐s ❧✐♥❡ ✐s t❤❡ s❛♠❡ ❛s ✸✳✹✺✳✺❞
✺ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✹✳✸✶✳✶✸❜
✶✵✶✽

śánaiścidyánto adrivó ′śvāvantah. śatagvı́nah. |

viváks.an.ā anehásah. || 11 ||

ūrdhvā´ hı́ te divédive sahásrā sūnŕ.tā śatā´ |

jaritŕ.bhyo vimám . hate || 12 ||

vidmā´ hı́ tvā dhanam . jayámı́ndra dr...dhā´ cidārujám |

ādārı́n.am
. yáthā gáyam || 13 ||

kakuhám . cittvā kave mándantu dhr..sn.avı́ndavah. |

ā´ tvā pan.ı́m
. yád´ı̄mahe || 14 ||

yáste revā´m̃
. ádāśurih. pramamárs.a magháttaye |
tásya no véda ā´ bhara || 15 ||

imá u tvā vı́ caks.ate sákhāya indra somı́nah. |

pus..tā´vanto yáthā paśúm || 16 ||

utá tvā´badhiram. vayám . sántamūtáye |

. śrútkarn.am
dūrā´dihá havāmahe || 17 ||

yáchuśrūyā´ imám
. hávam . cakriyā utá |
. durmárs.am
bháverāpı́rno ántamah. || 18 ||

yácciddhı́ te ápi vyáthirjaganvā´m

. so ámanmahi |
godā´ ı́dindra bodhi nah. || 19 ||

ā´ tvā rambhám

. ná jı́vrayo rarabhmā´ śavasaspate |
uśmási tvā sadhástha ā´ || 20 ||

stotrámı́ndrāya gāyata purunr.mn.ā´ya sátvane |

. vr.n.vaté yudhı́ || 21 ||
nákiryám
 ✶✵✶✾

✶✶✳ ❚❤♦✉❣❤ ♠♦✈✐♥❣ q✉✐❡t❧②✱ ❖ st♦♥❡✲✇✐❡❧❞❡r✱

❬Soma ❞r♦♣s❪ ❬❛r❡❪ ❛❜♦✉♥❞✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❤♦rs❡s✱
❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡ ♦❢ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ❬❡✛❡❝ts❪✱
♥♦✉r✐s❤✐♥❣✱ ✐♥❝♦♠♣❛r❛❜❧❡✳
✶✷✳ ❙✐♥❝❡ ❞❛②✲❛❢t❡r✲❞❛② t❤② ❡❧❡✈❛t❡❞ ❬❡♥❡r❣② ❪
✻
❜❡st♦✇s ♦♥ ✐♥✈♦❦❡rs
❛ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞ ✇❡❧❧✲✜tt✐♥❣ ❬♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❤❡❧♣✐♥❣❪ ✱ ❛ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ❜♦✉♥t✐❡s✱
✼
✶✸✳ s✐♥❝❡ ✇❡ ❤❛✈❡ ❡①♣❡r✐❡♥❝❡❞ t❤❡❡ ❛s ✇✐♥♥✐♥❣ ❝♦♥t❡sts✱
❖ Indra✱ ❛s s❤❛tt❡r✐♥❣ ❡✈❡♥ str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞s✱
❛s ♠❛❦✐♥❣ ❛❝❝❡ss✐❜❧❡ s♣♦✐❧s✱
✶✹✳ ❡✈❡♥ ❬✇❤❡♥ t❤♦✉ ❛r❡ ❛❧r❡❛❞②❪ ♣r♦♠✐♥❡♥t✱
❖ ❣✐❢t❡❞ ✇✐t❤ ✐♥s✐❣❤t ♦♥❡✱
♠❛② t❤❡ ❞r♦♣s ♦❢ Soma ✐♥✢❛♠❡ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ ❞❛r✐♥❣ ♦♥❡✱
✇❤❡♥ ✇❡ ❛s❦ t❤❡❡ ❢♦r ❛ ♥✐❣❣❛r❞ ✖
✶✺✳ ✇❤♦✱ ❜❡✐♥❣ r✐❝❤✱ ✐s ♥♦t ✇♦rs❤✐♣✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡❡❪✱
❤❛s ♥❡❣❧❡❝t❡❞ ❣✐✈✐♥❣ t♦ t❤❡❡✱
❜r✐♥❣ ❤❡r❡ ❢♦r ✉s ❤✐s ♣r♦♣❡rt②✦
✖✖
✶✻✳ ■t ✐s t❤❡s❡ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣✲Soma ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s
❬✇❤♦❪ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Indra✱
❢❛tt❡♥✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡❡❪ ❛s ❛ ❞♦♠❡st✐❝ ❛♥✐♠❛❧✳
✶✼✳ ❆♥❞ t❤❡❡ ❬✱✇❤♦ ✐s❪ ♥♦t ❛❧♦♦❢✱
✇❤♦ ✐s ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❡❛rs t❤❛t ❤❡❛r✱
✇❡ ❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥ ❤❡r❡ ❢r♦♠ ❛❢❛r t♦ ❤❡❧♣✳
✶✽✳ ❲❤❡♥ t❤♦✉ ✇♦✉❧❞ ❤❡❛r t❤✐s ❝❛❧❧✱
❛♥❞ ✇♦✉❧❞ ❡✛❡❝t ✇❤❛t ✐s ❞✐✣❝✉❧t t♦ ❢♦r❣❡t✱
❬t❤❡♥❪ t❤♦✉ ♠✐❣❤t ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ♦✉r ✐♥♥❡r♠♦st ❛❧❧②✳
✖✖
✶✾✳ ❊✈❡♥ ✇❤❡♥ ✇❡ t❤✐♥❦ ❬t❤❛t ✇❡❪ ❛❧s♦ t♦♦❦ ❢♦r t❤② s❛❦❡
❛♥ ✉♥❝❡rt❛✐♥ ♣❛t❤✱
❥✉st ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ✐♠♣❛rt✐♥❣ ❝♦✇s t♦ ✉s✱ ❖ Indra✦
✽
✷✵✳ ❲❡ ❤❛✈❡ ❣r❛s♣❡❞ t❤❡❡ ❧✐❦❡ ✇♦r♥ ♦✉t ❬♠❡♥❪ ❬❣r❛s♣❪ ❛ st❛✛✱
❖ ♠❛st❡r ♦❢ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✦
❲❡ ✇✐s❤ t❤❡❡ ✐♥ t❤❡ ♣❧❛❝❡ ❬✇❤❡r❡ t❤♦✉ ❛r❡❪ ♠❡❡t✐♥❣ ❬Soma❪✳
✷✶✳ ❈❤❛♥t ②❡ ❢♦r Indra ❛ ❤②♠♥ ♦❢ ♣r❛✐s❡ ✖
❢♦r ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ♠✉❝❤ ❝♦✉r❛❣❡ ✜❣❤t❡r
✇❤♦♠ ♥♦✲♦♥❡ ✇❛r❞s ♦✛ ✐♥ ❛ ❝❧❛s❤✦
✖ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✼✳✷✶✳✶✵❝
✻ śakti
✼♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✽✳✸✹✳✼❜
✽❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s
✶✵✷✵

. sr.jāmi pı̄táye |
abhı́ tvā vr..sabhā suté sutám
tr.mpā´ vyaśnuhı̄ mádam || 22 ||

mā´ tvā mūrā´ avis.yávo mópahásvāna ā´ dabhan |

mā´kı̄m
. brahmadvı́s.o vanah. || 23 ||

ihá tvā góparı̄n.asā mahé mandantu rā´dhase |

sáro gauró yáthā piba || 24 ||

yā´ vr.trahā´ parāváti sánā návā ca cucyuvé |

tā´ sam. sátsu prá vocata || 25 ||

ápibatkadrúvah. sutámı́ndrah. sahásrabāhve |

´ . syam || 26 ||
átrādedis..ta paum

satyám. tátturváśe yádau vı́dāno ahnavāyyám |

vyā`nat. turván.e śámi || 27 ||

tarán.im
. vo jánānām
. tradám. vā´jasya gómatah. |
samānámu prá śam sis
. . am || 28 ||

.rbhuks.án.am. ná vártava ukthés.u tugryāvŕ.dham |

ı́ndram
. sóme sácā suté || 29 ||

yáh. kr.ntádı́dvı́ yonyám . pr.thúm |

. triśókāya girı́m
góbhyo gātúm . nı́retave || 30 ||
 ✶✵✷✶

✷✷✳ ❚♦✇❛r❞s t❤❡❡✱ ❖ r❡s❡♠❜❧✐♥❣ ❛ ❜✉❧❧ ♦♥❡✱ ❞✉r✐♥❣ ❛ Soma ❧✐❜❛t✐♦♥

■ ❝❛st t❤❡ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❬Soma❪ t♦ ❞r✐♥❦✳
❇❡❝♦♠❡ s❛t✐❛t❡❞✱ t❛❦❡ ♣♦ss❡ss✐♦♥ ♦❢ t❤❡ ✇✐♥❡✦
✷✸✳ ▼❛② ♥♦t ❣r❡❡❞② ❞✉❧❧❛r❞s✱
✾
♠❛② ♥♦t t❤♦s❡ ✇❤♦ ♠♦❝❦ ❬✉s❪ ❞❡❝❡✐✈❡ t❤❡❡✦
▼❛② t❤♦✉ ♥❡✈❡r ♣❧❛❝❡ t❤♦s❡ ✇❤♦ ❛r❡ ❤♦st✐❧❡ t♦ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥s
✇✐t❤✐♥ r❡❛❝❤ ❬♦❢ ✈✐❝t♦r②❪✦
✷✹✳ ▲❡t t❤❡② ✐♥✢❛♠❡ t❤❡❡ ✐♥ t❤✐s ♣❧❛❝❡
✇✐t❤ ❛❜♦✉♥❞✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s ❬✈❡rs❡❪
❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ ❣r❡❛t s❛t✐s❢❛❝t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❬t❤②❪ ❞❡s✐r❡✦
▲✐❦❡ ❛ ❬t❤✐rst✐♥❣ ❪ ✇✐❧❞ ❛ss✱ ❞r✐♥❦ ❛ ♣♦♥❞ ❬♦❢ Soma❪✦
✶✵
✖✖
✷✺✳ ❚❤♦s❡ ♦❧❞ ❛♥❞ ♥❡✇ ❬❞❡❡❞s❪✱
t❤❛t s❧❛②❡r ♦❢ Vr.tra ❤❛s st✐rr❡❞ ❬✉♣❪ ❢❛r ❛✇❛②✱
❞♦ ②❡ ❝♦♠♠❡♥❞ ❛t ❛ss❡♠❜❧✐❡s✦
✷✻✳ Indra ❞r❛♥❦ Kadru✬s ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❬Soma❪
❢♦r t❤♦✉s❛♥❞✲❛r♠✲❬str♦♥❣❪ ❬tr♦♦♣❪❀
❤❡r❡ ❛t t❤✐s t✐♠❡ ❤❡ ❤❛s ✐♥❞✐❝❛t❡❞ t❤❡ ♠❛♥❧② str❡♥❣t❤✳
✷✼✳ ❚❤❛t ❬✐s❪ tr✉❡ ❬❛♥❞❪ ♥♦t t♦ ❜❡ ❞❡♥✐❡❞✱
❬t❤❛t str❡♥❣t❤ ✐s❪ ❢♦✉♥❞ ✐♥ Turvaśa ❬❛♥❞❪ ✐♥ Yadu✱
❬❜✉t❪ t❤❡ ❡✛♦rt t♦ ❡①❝❡❧ ❬✐t❪ ❤❛s ❝♦♠❡ t♦ ♥❛✉❣❤t✳
✷✽✳ ■ s❤❛❧❧ ❝♦♠♠❡♥❞ t♦ ②❡ t❤❡ s❛♠❡ ♦♥❡✱
❬✇❤♦ ✐s❪ ✐♥str✉♠❡♥t❛❧ ✐♥ ❝❛rr②✐♥❣ ❛❝r♦ss ♦❢ t❤❡ ❬❝♦♠♠♦♥❪ ♣❡♦♣❧❡✱
❬✇❤♦ ✐s❪ s❡tt✐♥❣ ❢r❡❡ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞
❜② ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r ✖
✷✾✳ ✐♥ ♦r❞❡r ♥♦t t♦ ❦❡❡♣ ❜❛❝❦ ❬❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ✐s❪ t❤❡ ♠❛st❡r ♦❢ R.bhu✲s✱
❬✇❤♦❪ ❞✉r✐♥❣ r❡❝✐t❡❞ ✈❡rs❡s ✐s str❡♥❣t❤❡♥✐♥❣ Tugrya ✖
Indra ✐♥ t❤❡ ♣r❡s❡♥❝❡ ♦❢ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ Soma ✖
✸✵✳ ❬Indra✱❪ ✇❤♦ ❢♦r Triśoka s❤❛❧❧ ❥✉st r❡♥❞ ❛s✉♥❞❡r
❢♦r♠✐♥❣ s♣❛❝✐♦✉s r❡❝❡♣t❛❝❧❡ s❦✉❧❧ ✶✶
❢♦r ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s t♦ ❣♦ ♦✉t ❛❧♦♥❣ ✉♥✐♠♣❡❞❡❞ ♣❛t❤✳
✶✷
✖✖

✾ avisyu ❂ ✏❣r❡❡❞②✑ ✐s ❢♦❧❧♦✇✐♥❣ ❬❏❛♠✐s♦♥ ❛♥❞ ❇r❡r❡t♦♥✱ ✷✵✶✹✱ ♣✳✶✶✷✶❪

.
✶✵ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✽✳✹✳✸❛❜
✶✶ ❧✐t✳ ✏♠♦✉♥t❛✐♥✑
✶✷ ❧✐t✳ ✏❝♦✇s✑
✶✵✷✷

yáddadhis.é manasyási mandānáh. prédı́yaks.asi |

mā´ tátkarindra mr...dáya || 31 ||

dabhrám . ciddhı́ tvā´vatah. kr.tám

. śr.n.vé ádhi ks.ámi |
jı́gātvindra te mánah. || 32 ||

távédu tā´h. sukı̄rtáyó ′sannutá práśastayah. |

yádindra mr...dáyāsi nah. || 33 ||

mā´ na ékasminnā´gasi mā´ dváyorutá tris.ú |

vádhı̄rmā´ śūra bhū´ris.u || 34 ||

bibháyā hı́ tvā´vata ugrā´dabhiprabhaṅgı́n.ah. |

dasmā´dahámr.tı̄s.áhah. || 35 ||

mā´ sákhyuh. śū´namā´ vide mā´ putrásya prabhūvaso |

āvŕ.tvadbhūtu te mánah. || 36 ||

kó nú maryā ámithitah. sákhā sákhāyamabravı̄t |

jahā´ kó asmádı̄s.ate || 37 ||

evā´re vr..sabhā suté ′sinvanbhū´ryāvayah. |

śvaghn´ı̄va nivátā cáran || 38 ||

ā´ ta etā´ vacoyújā hárı̄ gr.bhn.e sumádrathā |

yádı̄m. brahmábhya ı́ddádah. || 39 ||
 ✶✵✷✸

✸✶✳ ❲❤❡♥ t❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ♦❜t❛✐♥❡❞ ❬❛ ❧✐❜❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ Soma❪✱

❬❛♥❞❪ t❤♦✉✱ ❜❡❝♦♠✐♥❣ ✐♥✢❛♠❡❞✱
❡♠♣❧♦② t❤❡ ♠✐♥❞ ❬♦❢ t❤❡ ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡r t❤✉s❪✱
✏❚❤♦✉
✶✸ ❥✉st ❡♥❞❡❛✈♦r t♦ ♠❛❦❡ ❬❛♥♦t❤❡r❪ ✜r❡ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣✳✳✳✑ ✖
❞♦ ♥♦t ❞♦ t❤❛t✦ ❖ Indra✱ ❜❡ ❦✐♥❞ ❬t♦ ✉s❪✦
✸✷✳ ❙✐♥❝❡ ❡✈❡♥ ❛ s♠❛❧❧ ❞❡❡❞ ♦❢ s♦♠❡♦♥❡ ❧✐❦❡ t❤❡❡
✐s ❤❡❛r❞ ❛❜♦✉t ❬❛❧❧✲❪♦✈❡r t❤❡ ❧❛♥❞✱
♠❛② t❤❡ ♠✐♥❞ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ t❤② s❤❛r❡✱ ❖ Indra✦
✸✸✳ ❖♥❧② t❤♦s❡ t❤② ❝♦♠♣❡t❡♥❝✐❡s
s❤❛❧❧ ✐♥❞❡❡❞ ❜❡ ✇❡❧❧ ♣r❛✐s❡❞
✇❤❡♥ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ ✇♦✉❧❞ ❜❡ ❦✐♥❞ t♦ ✉s✳
✸✹✳ ❉♦ ♥♦t ❞❡str♦② ✉s✱ ❖ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱
❬✇❤❡♥❪ ❬✇❡ ❤❛✈❡❪ ❛ s✐♥❣❧❡ ❢❛✉❧t✱ t✇♦✱
❛♥❞ t❤r❡❡ ✖ ❬❡✈❡♥❪ ♠❛♥②✦
✸✺✳ ❙✐♥❝❡ ■ ❤❛✈❡ ❜❡❡♥ ❛❢r❛✐❞ ♦❢ s♦♠❡♦♥❡ ❧✐❦❡ t❤❡❡ ✖
❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❝♦♠♣❧❡t❡❧② s❤❛tt❡r✐♥❣ ❬str✐❦❡s❪✱
❛❝❝♦♠♣❧✐s❤✐♥❣ ✇♦♥❞❡r❢✉❧ ❞❡❡❞s✱ ♣r❡✈❛✐❧✐♥❣ ♦✈❡r ❛ss❛✐❧❛♥ts✱
✸✻✳ ❧❡t ♠❡ ♥♦t ✜♥❞ t❤❡ ❧❛❝❦ ♦❢ ❧✐❦❡✲♠✐♥❞❡❞♥❡ss ❬✇✐t❤ t❤❡❡❪✱
♥♦r ❬❧❛❝❦❪ ♦❢ ❛ s♦♥✱ ❖ ✇❤♦s❡✲❜❡♥❡✜ts✲❛r❡✲♠❛♥✐❢❡st ♦♥❡✦
▲❡t t❤❡ ♠✐♥❞ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ r❡t✉r♥✐♥❣ t♦ t❤❡❡✦
✖✖
✸✼✳ ◆♦✇✱ ✇❤❛t ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥✱ ❖ r❡❝r✉✐ts✱ ♥♦t✲❜❡✐♥❣✲❞♦✉❜❧❡✲❞❡❛❧t✱
❬❡✈❡r❪ s❛✐❞ t♦ ❬❤✐s❪ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥✱ ✏■ q✉✐t✳✑❄
❲❤♦ ✇♦✉❧❞ ✢❡❡ ❢r♦♠ ✉s❄
✸✽✳ ❬❊✈❡♥❪ ❛t ❛ ❧✐♠✐t❡❞ Soma ❧✐❜❛t✐♦♥✱ t❤♦✉✱
❖ r❡s❡♠❜❧✐♥❣ ❛ ❜✉❧❧ ♦♥❡✱
❧❛❝❦✐♥❣ ♣r♦✈✐s✐♦♥s ❬♦❢ Soma ❡①tr❛❝t❪✱
❬st✐❧❧❪ ❢r❡q✉❡♥t❧② ♠❛❞❡ ❬✐t❪ t♦ ❤❡❧♣ ❬✉s❪
❜❡❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❧♦✇✲❦❡② ❧✐❦❡ ❛ ❣❛♠❜❧❡r ✇✐t❤ ❛ ✇✐♥♥✐♥❣ t❤r♦✇ ♦❢ ❞✐❝❡
✶✹ ✳
✸✾✳ ■ ✇✐❧❧ ❤♦❧❞✲✐♥ t❤❡s❡ t✇♦ t❤② ②♦❦❡❞✲❜②✲t❤❡✲s♣❡❡❝❤
t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s ✇❤✐❝❤ ❛r❡ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ s❛♠❡ ❝❤❛r✐♦t
✇❤❡♥ t❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ ✐♠♣❛rt ✐t
✶✺ ❥✉st t♦ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t♦rs✳
✖✖

✶✸ t❤❡ ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡r
✶✹ ❛ss✉♠✐♥❣ ❛❢t❡r ❬❏❛♠✐s♦♥ ❛♥❞ ❇r❡r❡t♦♥✱ ✷✵✶✹✱ ♣✳ ✷✷✼✱✺✽✾❪ t❤❛t śvaghnin❂✏❛
❣❛♠❜❧❡r ✇✐t❤ ❛ ✇✐♥♥✐♥❣ t❤r♦✇ ♦❢ ❞✐❝❡✑
✶✺ t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡
✶✵✷✹

bhindhı́ vı́śvā ápa dvı́s.ah. pári bā´dho jah´ı̄ mŕ.dhah. |

vásu spārhám . tádā´ bhara || 40 ||

yádvı̄..dā´vindra yátsthiré yátpárśāne párābhr.tam |

vásu spārhám . tádā´ bhara || 41 ||

yásya te viśvámānus.o bhū´rerdattásya védati |

vásu spārhám. tádā´ bhara || 42 ||
 ✶✵✷✺

✹✵✳ ❙❤❛tt❡r ❛❧❧ ❤❛tr❡❞s ❬❛♠♦♥❣ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s❪✱

❡①t✐♥❣✉✐s❤ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡s t♦ s✉♣♣r❡ss✱ ✐♥❤✐❜✐t✐♦♥s✦
❇r✐♥❣ ❤❡r❡ t❤❛t ❞❡s✐r❛❜❧❡ ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧ t❤✐♥❣✦
✹✶✳ ❲❤✐❝❤ ✐s ✐♥ ❬❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ✐s❪ ✜r♠✱ ✇❤✐❝❤ ✐s ✐♥ ❬❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ✐s❪ st❡❛❞❢❛st✱
✇❤✐❝❤ ✐s ♦✛❡r❡❞ ✇❤❡♥ ❬♦♥❡ ✐s❪ ♦♥ ❛ ♣r❡❝✐♣✐❝❡✱
❜r✐♥❣ ❤❡r❡ t❤❛t ❞❡s✐r❛❜❧❡ ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧ t❤✐♥❣✦
✹✷✳ ❲❤✐❝❤ t❤❡ ❤✉♠❛♥❦✐♥❞ ❦♥♦✇s ❢r♦♠ ❛ ♠✉❧t✐t✉❞❡ ❬♦❢ ♠❡♥❪
❛s ❣r❛♥t❡❞ ❬t♦ t❤❡♠❪✱ ❬❛s❪ t❤②✱
❜r✐♥❣ ❤❡r❡ t❤❛t ❞❡s✐r❛❜❧❡ ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧ t❤✐♥❣✦
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✽✳✹✻

Vaśa Aśvya | ✈❛r✐♦✉s | t♦ Indra✱ Vāyu

tvā´vatah. purūvaso vayámindra pran.etah. |

smási sthātarharı̄n.ām || 1 ||

tvā´m
. hı́ satyámadrivo vidmá dātā´ramis.ā´m |
vidmá dātā´ram. rayı̄n.ā´m || 2 ||

ā´ yásya te mahimā´nam . śátamūte śátakrato |

gı̄rbhı́rgr.n.ánti kārávah. || 3 ||

. marúto yámaryamā´ |
sunı̄thó ghā sá mártyo yám
´
mitráh. pāntyadrúhah. || 4 ||

dádhāno gómadáśvavatsuv´ı̄ryamādityájūta edhate |

sádā rāyā´ puruspŕ.hā || 5 ||

támı́ndram . dā´namı̄mahe śavasānámábhı̄rvam |

´ı̄śānam
. rāyá ı̄mahe || 6 ||

tásminhı́ sántyūtáyo vı́śvā ábhı̄ravah. sácā |

támā´ vahantu sáptayah. purūvásum . mádāya hárayah. sutám || 7 ||

yáste mádo váren.yo yá indra vr.trahántamah. |

yá ādadı́h. svàrnŕ.bhiryáh. pŕ.tanāsu dus..tárah. || 8 ||
 ✶✵✷✼

✶✳ ❲❡ ❛r❡ ❧✐❦❡ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ ♦♥❡ ♦❢ ♠❛♥② ❜❡♥❡✜ts✱

❖ ❧❡❛❞❡r Indra✱
❖ ❞r✐✈❡r ♦❢ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s✦
✷✳ ❙✐♥❝❡ ✇❡ ❤❛✈❡ ❢♦✉♥❞ t❤❡ r❡❛❧ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ st♦♥❡✲✇✐❡❧❞❡r✱
❬t♦ ❜❡❪ ❛ ❣✐✈❡r ♦❢ ❧✐❜❛t✐♦♥s✱
✇❡ ❤❛✈❡ ❢♦✉♥❞ t❤❡ ❣✐✈❡r ♦❢ t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡✱
✸✳ ✇❤♦s❡ ✖ t❤② ✖ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ✐♥❝r❡❛s❡✲✐♥✲s✐③❡✱
❖ ♦♥❡ ♦❢ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ✇❛②s ♦❢ ❤❡❧♣✐♥❣✱ s✐♥❣❡rs ♦❢ ❡✉❧♦❣✐❡s
❡①t♦❧ ✇✐t❤ ❝❤❛♥ts✱ ❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ✇✐❧❡s ♦♥❡✦
✖✖
✹✳ ❚❤❛t ♠♦rt❛❧ s✉r❡❧② ✐s ❡♥❥♦②✐♥❣ ❣♦♦❞ ❣✉✐❞❛♥❝❡
✇❤♦♠ Marut✲s✱ ✇❤♦♠ Aryaman✱
Mitra ✖ ❬❛❧❧❪ ❢r❡❡✲❢r♦♠✲♠❛❧✐❝❡ ✖ ♣r♦t❡❝t✳
✺✳ ❖❜t❛✐♥✐♥❣ ❢♦r ❤✐♠s❡❧❢ r✐❝❤✲✐♥✲❝♦✇s r✐❝❤✲✐♥✲❤♦rs❡s ♠❛♥❧② ✈✐❣♦✉r✱
✐♠♣❡❧❧❡❞ ❜② Āditya✲s✱ ❤❡ ❣r♦✇s ✐♥t❡♥s❡✱
❬❜❡✐♥❣❪ ❛❧✇❛②s ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ♠✉❝❤✲❞❡s✐r❡❞ tr❡❛s✉r❡✳
✖✖
✻✳ ❲❡ ❛s❦ t❤❛t Indra ❢♦r t❤❡ ❣✐❢t ✖
✇❡ ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤ ❝❤❛♥❣✐♥❣ ♣♦✇❡r❢✉❧❧②✱ ❢❡❛r❧❡ss ♦♥❡✱
❬✇❤♦ ✐s❪ ✐♥ ❝❤❛r❣❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡✳
✼✳ ❙✐♥❝❡ ❛❧❧ ❣✐✈✐♥❣ ❢❡❛r❧❡ss♥❡ss s✐❞❡✲❡✛❡❝ts
❛r❡ ❛❧✇❛②s ✐♥ ❤✐♠ ✱ ✶
❧❡t t❤❡ ❝♦✉rs❡rs ❝♦♥✈❡② ❤❡r❡ t❤❡ ♦♥❡ ♦❢ ♠❛♥② ❜❡♥❡✜ts
✷
t♦ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t❡ ❬Indra❪✱
❬❧❡t❪ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s ❬❝♦♥✈❡② ❤❡r❡❪ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❬Soma❪✦
✸
✽✳ ❬Soma✱❪ ✇❤✐❝❤ ❢♦r t❤❡❡ ❬✐s❪ t♦✲❜❡✲♣r❡❢❡rr❡❞ ✇✐♥❡✱
✇❤✐❝❤✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❬✐s❪ t❤❡ ❜❡st ❛t s❧❛②✐♥❣ Vr.tra✱
✇❤✐❝❤ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ♠❡♥ ♣r♦❝✉r❡s ❬❢♦r t❤❡❡❪ svàr✱
✇❤✐❝❤ ❬✐s❪ ❞✐✣❝✉❧t t♦ s✉r♣❛ss ✐♥ ❜❛tt❧❡s✳
✖✖

✶ ✐♥ Soma
✷ Soma
✸ st❛❧❦s ♦❢ Soma ♣❧❛♥t
✶✵✷✽

yó dus..táro viśvavāra śravā´yyo vā´jes.vásti tarutā´ |

sá nah. śavis..tha sávanā´ vaso gahi gaméma gómati vrajé || 9 ||

gavyó .sú n.o yáthā purā´śvayótá rathayā´ |

varivasyá mahāmaha || 10 ||

nahı́ te śūra rā´dhasó ′ntam

. vindā´mi satrā´ |
daśasyā´ no maghavannū´ cidadrivo dhı́yo vā´jebhirāvitha || 11 ||

yá .r.sváh. śrāvayátsakhā vı́śvétsá veda jánimā purus..tutáh. |

. vı́śve mā´nus.ā yugéndram
tám . havante tavis.ám . yatásrucah. || 12 ||

sá no vā´jes.vavitā´ purūvásuh.

purasthātā´ maghávā vr.trahā´ bhuvat || 13 ||

abhı́ vo vı̄rámándhaso mádes.u gāya girā´ mahā´ vı́cetasam |

ı́ndram. nā´ma śrútyam . váco yáthā || 14 ||
. śākı́nam

dad´ı̄ rékn.astanvè dadı́rvásu dadı́rvā´jes.u puruhūta vājı́nam |

nūnámátha || 15 ||

vı́śves.āmirajyántam . sāsahvā´m
. vásūnām . cidasyá várpasah. |
. sam
kr.payató nūnámátyátha || 16 ||
 ✶✵✷✾

✾✳ ❲❤♦ ❬✐s❪ ❞✐✣❝✉❧t t♦ s✉r♣❛ss ❬✐♥ ❜❛tt❧❡s❪ ✱

✹
❖ tr❡❛s✉r❡❞✲❜②✲❛❧❧ ♦♥❡✱
❤❡ ✐s t♦✲❜❡✲♣r❛✐s❡❞ ❞❡❧✐✈❡r❡r ♠✐❞st r✉s❤❡s ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✳
❇❡✐♥❣ s✉❝❤ ❢♦r ✉s✱ ❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♠♦st ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡ ♦♥❡✱
❝♦♠❡ t♦ t❤❡ ♣r❡ss✐♥❣s✱ ❖ ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧ ♦♥❡✱
❬s♦ t❤❛t❪ ✇❡ ♠✐❣❤t s❡t ♦✉t t♦ r✐❝❤✲✐♥✲❝♦✇s ❡♥❝❧♦s✉r❡✦
✶✵✳ ❋♦rt❤✇✐t❤✱ t❤r♦✉❣❤ ♦✉r ❞❡s✐r❡ ❢♦r ❝♦✇s✱ ❛s ❜❡❢♦r❡✱
t❤r♦✉❣❤ ❬♦✉r❪ ❞❡s✐r❡ ❢♦r ❤♦rs❡s ❛♥❞ ❢♦r ❝❤❛r✐♦ts✱
❜❡ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② ♠❡♥t❛❧ s♣❛❝❡✱
❖ ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥t ✇✐t❤ ♠✐❣❤t ♦♥❡✦
✶✶✳ ❙✐♥❝❡ ■ ❞♦ ♥♦t ❛❧✇❛②s ✜♥❞ t❤❡ ❧✐♠✐t
t♦ t❤❡ s❛t✐s❢❛❝t✐♦♥ ♦❢ t❤② ❞❡s✐r❡✱ ❖ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱
❞♦ ✉s✱ ❖ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡✱ ❢♦rt❤✇✐t❤ ❛ ❢❛✈♦✉r✱ ❖ st♦♥❡✲✇✐❡❧❞❡r✦
❚❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ♣r♦♠♦t❡❞ ❬♦✉r❪ ✈✐s✐♦♥s ✇✐t❤ r✉s❤❡s ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✳
✖✖
✶✷✳ ❲❤♦✱ ❤❡❧♣✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❞✐r❡ str❛✐❣❤ts✱ ♠❛❦❡s ❬❤✐s❪ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥ ❢❛♠♦✉s✱
❤❡✱ ♠✉❝❤✲❡✉❧♦❣✐③❡❞✱ ❦♥♦✇s ❛❧❧ ❦✐♥❞s ❬♦❢ ♠❡♥❪✱
❤✐♠ t❤r♦✉❣❤ ❤✉♠❛♥ ❧✐❢❡s♣❛♥ ❛❧❧ r❛✐s✐♥❣ s❛❝r✐✜❝✐❛❧ ❧❛❞❧❡
❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥✱ Indra✱ ❬✇❤♦ ✐s❪ ✐♥✲❝♦♥tr♦❧✳
✶✸✳ ❍❡✱ ♦✉r ❤❡❧♣❡r ♠✐❞st r✉s❤❡s ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱ t❤❡ ♦♥❡ ♦❢ ♠❛♥② ❜❡♥❡✜ts✱
❤❡✱ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s Vrtra✲s❧❛②❡r✱ s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ st❛♥❞✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❢r♦♥t✳
✶✹✳ ■♥ r❛♣t✉r❡ ❢r♦♠. t❤❡ ❤❡r❜ ♣r❛✐s❡ ✇✐t❤ ❛ ♠✐❣❤t② s♦♥❣
②♦✉r ❞✐s❝❡r♥✐♥❣ ❤❡r♦
♥❛♠❡❞ Indra ✖ ❢❛♠♦✉s✱ ❝❛♣❛❜❧❡ ❧✐❦❡ ❛♥ ✉tt❡r❛♥❝❡✱
✶✺✳ ❬❤✐♠✱❪ ❜❡st♦✇✐♥❣ ✐♥❤❡r✐t❛♥❝❡✱
❜❡st♦✇✐♥❣ ✇❤❛t✬s ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧ t♦ t❤❡ ❜♦❞②✱
❜❡st♦✇✐♥❣ ❞✉r✐♥❣ r✉s❤❡s ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱ ❖ ♠✉❝❤ ✐♥✈♦❦❡❞ ♦♥❡✱
❬❤✐♠❪ ✇❤♦ ❡♠♣❧♦②s t❤❡ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱
♥♦✇ t❤❡♥✱
✶✻✳ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ❛rr❛♥❣❡s ❛❧❧ ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧ t❤✐♥❣s✱
❬❤✐♠❪ ✇❤♦ ❤❛s ❡✈❡♥ ♣r❡✈❛✐❧❡❞ ♦✈❡r ♣r❡t❡♥s❡ ❬♦❢ str❡♥❣t❤❪
♦❢ t❤✐s ♦♥❡✱
❬❤✐♠✱ ✇❤♦❪ ♥♦✇✱ ♠♦r❡♦✈❡r✱ ❬♣r❡✈❛✐❧❡❞❪ ♦✈❡r ❬❤✐s❪ ✐♠♣❧♦r✐♥❣ ❬st❛♥❝❡❪✳
✖✖

✹ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✺✳✽✻✳✷

✶✵✸✵

maháh. sú vo áramis.e stávāmahe mı̄..dhús.e aram . gamā´ya jágmaye |

yajñébhirgı̄rbhı́rviśvámanus.ām . marútāmiyaks
. asi
gā´ye tvā námasā girā´ || 17 ||

yé pātáyante ájmabhirgirı̄n.ā´m

. snúbhires.ām |
yajñám. mahis.ván.ı̄nām
. sumnám . prā´dhvaré || 18 ||
. tuvis.ván.ı̄nām

prabhaṅgám . durmatı̄nā´mı́ndra śavis..thā´ bhara |

rayı́masmábhyam . yújyam. codayanmate
jyés..tham
. codayanmate || 19 ||

sánitah. súsanitarúgra cı́tra cétis..tha sū´nr.ta |

prāsáhā samrāt. sáhurim
. sáhantam . bhujyúm . vā´jes.u pū´rvyam || 20 ||
 ✶✵✸✶

✶✼✳ ❙✇✐❢t❧② ❬❛♥❞❪ ✇❡❧❧✱ ■ ❤❛✈❡ s♦✉❣❤t s✉✐t❛❜❧❡ ❢♦r ②❡

❬✉♥✐♠♣❡❞❡❞ ♣❛t❤✇❛② t♦✇❛r❞s t❤❡ str♦♥❣ ♦♥❡❪ ✳
✺
✏❋♦r ❡♠✐tt✐♥❣ ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥t❧② ❬t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡❪✱
❢♦r ♦♥❡ ✇❤♦s❡ ♠♦✈❡s ❛r❡ s✉✣❝✐❡♥t✱
✇❤♦ ✐s ✐♥ ❝♦♥st❛♥t ♠♦t✐♦♥✱ ✇❡ ❣✐✈❡ ♣r❛✐s❡✳✑
❲✐t❤ ✜r❡ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣s✱ ✇✐t❤ ❝❤❛♥ts✱ ■ s❡❡❦ t♦ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡
t♦ Marut✲s ♦❢ t❤❡ ❝♦♠♠♦♥ ♣❡♦♣❧❡✳
■ ♣r❛✐s❡ t❤❡❡ r❡✈❡r❡♥t❧② ✇✐t❤ ❛ ❝❤❛♥t✳
✶✽✳ ❬❚❤♦s❡❪ ✇❤♦ t❤r♦✉❣❤♦✉t r❛✐❞s ♠❛❦❡ t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s ♠♦✈❡ r❛♣✐❞❧②
❛❧♦♥❣ t❤❡ ❤❡✐❣❤ts ♦❢ t❤❡s❡ ♠♦✉♥t❛✐♥s
❬s❤❛❧❧ ❛tt❛✐♥❪ t❤❡ ✜r❡ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣ ♦❢ t❤♦s❡ ✇❤♦ ❛r❡ ✐♥❝r❡❛s✐♥❣❧② ♥♦✐s②
❬❛♥❞❪ ❤✐❣❤s♣✐r✐t❡❞ ♠✐♥❞s❡t ♦❢ t❤♦s❡ ✇❤♦ ❛r❡ r♦❛r✐♥❣ ♦❢t❡♥
❞✉r✐♥❣ ♣r♦❝❡❡❞✐♥❣ ♦♥ ✐ts ♣❛t❤ ❬s❛❝r✐✜❝❡❪✳
✖✖
✶✾✳ ❇r✐♥❣ ❤❡r❡✱ ❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♠♦st ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡ Indra✱
❞❡str✉❝t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ♥♦①✐♦✉s ♠♦♦❞s✱
❬❜r✐♥❣ ❤❡r❡❪ ❢♦r ✉s t♦✲❜❡✲❞❡♣❧♦②❡❞ tr❡❛s✉r❡✱
❖ ♦♥❡ ✇❤♦s❡ ✐♥t❡♥t✐♦♥ ✐s t♦ st✐r✱
t❤❡ ♠♦st ❡①❝❡❧❧❡♥t ❬tr❡❛s✉r❡❪✱
❖ ♦♥❡ ✇❤♦s❡ ✐♥t❡♥t✐♦♥ ✐s t♦ st✐r✦
✷✵✳ ❖ ❣❛✐♥✐♥❣ ♦♥❡✱ ❖ ❣❛✐♥✐♥❣ ❡❛s✐❧② ♦♥❡✱ ❖ ❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s ♦♥❡✱
❖ ♠❛♥✐❢♦❧❞ ♦♥❡✱ ❖ ♠♦st ❛tt❡♥t✐✈❡ ♦♥❡✱ ❖ ✇❡❧❧✲✜tt✐♥❣ ♦♥❡✱
❬❇r✐♥❣ ❤❡r❡❪ ❞✉r✐♥❣ r✉s❤❡s ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱ ✜rst ♦❢ ❛❧❧✱
t❤❡ t✇♦ ❡♥❞✉r✐♥❣ ♦♥❡s✱
❖ ❥♦✐♥t r✉❧❡r ❬♦❢ ❞r❛✇✐♥❣ t♦ t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s ❪ ✱
✻ ✼
♣r❡✈❛✐❧✐♥❣✱ ❬❛♥❞❪ s❡❡❦✐♥❣✲t♦✲❜❡♥❞ ♦♥❡s✦
✖✖

✺ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✻✳✷✷✳✺❝❞

✻ s❡♥s❡s
✼ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✽✳✶✻✳✶❛
✶✵✸✷

ā´ sá etu yá ´ı̄vadā´m̃

. ádevah. pūrtámādadé |
yáthā cidváśo aśvyáh. pr.thuśrávasi kānı̄tè ′syā´ vyús.yādadé || 21 ||

. sahásrā´śvyasyāyútāsanamús..trānām
.sas..tı́m . vim . śatā´ |
. śatı́m
´
dáśa śyāvı̄nām ´
. śatā dáśa tryàrus.ı̄n.ām
. dáśa gávām. sahásrā || 22 ||

dáśa śyāvā´ .rdhádrayo vı̄távārāsa āśávah. |

mathrā´ nemı́m . nı́ vāvr.tuh. || 23 ||

dā´nāsah. pr.thuśrávasah. kānı̄tásya surā´dhasah. |

rátham . hiran.yáyam . dádanmám . his..thah. sūrı́rabhūd
várs.is..thamakr.ta śrávah. || 24 ||

ā´ no vāyo mahé táne yāhı́ makhā´ya pā´jase |

vayám . hı́ te cakr.mā´ bhū´ri dāváne sadyáścinmáhi dāváne || 25 ||

yó áśvebhirváhate vásta usrā´strı́h. saptá saptatı̄nā´m |

ebhı́h. sómebhih. somasúdbhih. somapā dānā´ya śukrapūtapāh. || 26 ||

yó ma imám . cidu tmánā´mandaccitrám . dāváne |

arat.vé áks.e náhus.e sukŕ.tvani sukŕ.ttarāya sukrátuh. || 27 ||
 ✶✵✸✸

✷✶✳ ▲❡t ❤❡ ❝♦♠❡ ❤❡r❡ ✇❤♦ ❬✐s❪ ❛s ♠❛❣♥✐✜❝❡♥t ❛♥❞

❬✇❤♦✱❪ ❜❡✐♥❣ ✇✐t❤♦✉t t❤❡ deva✱ ❤❛s r❡❝❡✐✈❡❞ t❤❡ r❡✇❛r❞
s✉❝❤ ❛s ✐♥❞❡❡❞ Vaśa Aśvya ❤❛s r❡❝❡✐✈❡❞
❛t ❜r✐❣❤t❡♥✐♥❣ ♦❢ t❤✐s ❬❞❛✇♥❪
❛t Pr.thuśravas Kānita✬s ❬♣❧❛❝❡❪✳
✷✷✳ ■ ♦❜t❛✐♥❡❞ s✐①t② ❬❤♦rs❡s❪✱ ❬❛♥❞❪ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞s
✉♥❛tt❛❝❤❡❞ ❬t♦ t❤❡♠ ❜✉t❪ r❡❧❛t❡❞ t♦ ❤♦rs❡s ❬✐t❡♠s❪✱
t✇❡♥t② ♦①❡♥ ❬❛♥❞❪ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞s ❬r❡❧❛t❡❞ ✐t❡♠s❪✱
t❡♥ ❜❛② ♠❛r❡s ❬❛♥❞❪ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞s ❬r❡❧❛t❡❞ ✐t❡♠s❪✱
t❡♥ t❛♠❡❞✲✐♥✲t❤r❡❡✲✇❛②s ❬❄❪✱
t❡♥ ❝♦✇s ❬❛♥❞❪ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞s ❬r❡❧❛t❡❞ ✐t❡♠s❪✳
✷✸✳ ❚❡♥ ❜r♦✇♥ s✇✐❢t ❬tr❛✐♥❡❞✲t♦✲❜❡✲❪r❡❧❡❛s❡❞✲t♦✲s♣❡❡❞✲✉♣
tr❛✐♥❡❞✲t♦✲❜❡✲❦❡❡♣✐♥❣✲❜❛❝❦
❛❣✐t❛t❡❞ ❬❤♦rs❡s❪ ❤❛s t✉r♥❡❞ ❜❛❝❦
t❤❡ ❢❡❧❧② ❬♦❢ t❤❡ ❝❤❛r✐♦t ♦❢ ♠② ❧✐❢❡❪✳
✷✹✳ Pr.thuśravas Kānita✬s ❣✐❢ts
❬❛r❡❪ ✇❡❧❧ s❛t✐s❢②✐♥❣✳
●✐✈✐♥❣ ❛♥ ❡♥❝❤❛♥t✐♥❣ ❝❤❛r✐♦t✱
❬t❤✐s❪ ✐♥st✐t✉t♦r ♦❢ t❤❡ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡
t✉r♥❡❞ ♦✉t t♦ ❜❡ t❤❡ ♠♦st ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s✱
❤❡ ❤❛s ♠❛❞❡ ❬❤✐s❪ ❢❛♠❡ t❤❡ ❣r❡❛t❡st✳
✖✖
✷✺✳ ❏♦✉r♥❡② ❤❡r❡✱ t♦ ✉s✱ ❖ Vāyu✱
❢♦r ❛♥ ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥t ❝♦♥t✐♥✉❛t✐♦♥ ❬♦❢ t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡❪✱
❢♦r ❛ ✜❣❤t✐♥❣ s♣✐r✐t✱ ❢♦r t❤❡ ✜r♠♥❡ss ❬♦❢ t❤❡ ❜♦❞②❪ ✖
s✐♥❝❡ ✇❡ ❤❛✈❡ ♣❡r❢♦r♠❡❞ ❬❛♥ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣❪ t♦ t❤❡❡
✐♥ ♦r❞❡r ❬❢♦r t❤❡❡❪ t♦ ❣✐✈❡ ♠✉❝❤✱
✐♥ ♦r❞❡r ❬❢♦r t❤❡❡❪ t♦ ❣✐✈❡ ❡①t❡♥s✐✈❡❧② ❛t t❤❡ ✈❡r② ♠♦♠❡♥t✳
✷✻✳ ❲❤♦ ✇✐t❤ ❤♦rs❡s ❝♦♥✈❡②s ❤✐♠s❡❧❢ ❬❛♥❞❪ ✇❡❛rs ♠♦r♥✐♥❣ ❧✐❣❤ts✱
❬❞♦ ❞r✐♥❦❪ t❤r✐❝❡ s❡✈❡♥ ❬t✐♠❡s❪ s❡✈❡♥t② ❬❞r♦♣s❪
✐♥ ♦r❞❡r t♦ ❣✐✈❡ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ t❤❡s❡ Soma ❞r♦♣s✱ ❖ Soma✲❞r✐♥❦❡r✱
❬❡①tr❛❝t❡❞❪ ❜② Soma✲♣r❡ss✐♥❣ ❬✇♦rs❤✐♣❡rs❪✱
❖ ❞r✐♥❦❡r ♦❢ ♣✉r✐✜❡❞✲t♦✲❜❡✲tr❛♥s❧✉❝❡♥t ❬❞r♦♣s❪✦
✷✼✳ ❲❤♦✱ ✐♥ ♦r❞❡r t♦ ❣✐✈❡✱ ✐♥✢❛♠❡❞ ❢♦r ♠❡
❛t ❧❡❛st t❤✐s✱ t❤❡ ❝♦♥s♣✐❝✉♦✉s ♦♥❡ ✱
✽
✐♥ ♠❛❞❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ Arat.u ✇♦♦❞ ❛①❧❡
✐♥ t❤❡ ♣r❡s❡♥❝❡ ♦❢ ❛❝t✐♥❣ s❦✐❧❢✉❧❧② Nahusa ✖
❬■✱❪ s❦✐❧❧❢✉❧✱ ❬♠❛❞❡ ✐t❪ ❢♦r ❛ ♠♦r❡ s❦✐❧❧❢✉❧ ♦♥❡✳.
✽ Agni
✶✵✸✹

ucathyè vápus.i yáh. svarā´..dutá vāyo ghr.tasnā´h. |

áśves.itam
. rájes.itam
. śúnes.itam . prā´jma tádidám . nú tát || 28 ||

ádha priyámis.irā´ya .sas..tı́m

. sahásrāsanam |
áśvānāmı́nná vŕ..sn.ām || 29 ||

gā´vo ná yūthámúpa yanti vádhraya úpa mā´ yanti vádhrayah. || 30 ||

ádha yáccā´rathe gan.é śatámús..trām̃

. ácikradat |
ádha śvı́tnes.u vim
. śatı́m
. śat ´
ā || 31 ||

. dāsé balbūthé vı́prastáruks.a ā´ dade |

śatám
té te vāyavimé jánā mádant´ı̄ndragopā mádanti devágopāh. || 32 ||

ádha syā´ yós.an.ā mah´ı̄ pratı̄c´ı̄ váśamaśvyám |

ádhirukmā vı́ nı̄yate || 33 ||
 ✶✵✸✺

✷✽✳ ❬❚❤❛t ♦♥❡ ✐s❪ ✇❤♦✱ ✇❤❡♥ ✐♥ ❞❡s❡r✈✐♥❣ ♣r❛✐s❡ ❢♦r♠✱

✾
❬✐s❪ s❡❧❢✲r✉❧✐♥❣✱
❖ Vāyu✱ ❛♥❞ ❜❛t❤✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❣❤❡❡✳
❬❚❤❡ ♠✐♥❞ ✐s❪ ❞r✐✈❡♥ ❜② ❤♦rs❡s ✱ ❝❛st ✐♥t♦ r❡❣✐♦♥s✱
✶✵
❞r✐✈❡♥ t♦ t❤❡ ❣r♦✇t❤ ❬♦❢ t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡❪✱
t❤❛t tr❛✐♥ ❬♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡s❪ ♣r♦❬❝❡❡❞s❪❀ ♥♦✇ t❤✐s ✐s ✐t✦
✖✖
✷✾✳ ❚❤❡♥ ■ ♦❜t❛✐♥❡❞ ❬✇❤❛t✬s❪ ❞❡❛r ❢♦r t❤❡ ✐♥st✐❣❛t✐♥❣ ♦♥❡ ✖
✶✶
s✐①t② ❬❛♥❞❪ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞s ❬r❡❧❛t❡❞ ✐t❡♠s❪
♦❢ ♦♥❧② ❤♦rs❡s t❤❛t ❛r❡ ❛s ✐❢ ❜✉❧❧s✳
✸✵✳ ▲✐❦❡ ❝♦✇s ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤ ❛ ❤❡r❞✱
t❤❡ ❣❡❧❞✐♥❣s ❝♦♠❡ t♦✇❛r❞s ♠❡✱ t❤❡ ❣❡❧❞✐♥❣s✳
✸✶✳ ❚❤❡♥✱ ✇❤❡♥ ❢r♦♠ ❛ r♦❛♠✐♥❣ ✢♦❝❦
❤❡ ❝❛❧❧❡❞ ♦✉t ❛ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ♦①❡♥✱
t❤❡♥ ❛♠♦♥❣ ✇❤✐t✐s❤ ♦♥❡s ❬■ ♦❜t❛✐♥❡❞❪ t✇❡♥t②
❬❛♥❞❪ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞s ❬r❡❧❛t❡❞ ✐t❡♠s❪✳
✸✷✳ ❆t ❬t❤❡ ♣❧❛❝❡ ♦❢❪ ✜❡♥❞✐s❤ Balbūtha Taruks.a✱
■✱ ✐♥s♣✐r❡❞✱ ❤❛✈❡ r❡❝❡✐✈❡❞ ❛ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞✳
❙✉❝❤ ❛r❡ t❤❡s❡ t❤②✱ ❖ Vāyu✱ ♣❡♦♣❧❡ ✖
t❤❡②✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ Indra ❛s ♣r♦t❡❝t♦r✱ ✐♥✢❛♠❡
❞✐✈✐♥❡ ♣r♦t❡❝t♦rs ✖ t❤❡② ✐♥✢❛♠❡✳
✸✸✳ ❚❤❡♥✱ t❤❛t ❢❛❝✐♥❣ Vaśa Aśvya
♣♦t❡♥t ✇❡❛r✐♥❣ ❣♦❧❞
♠❛✐❞❡♥ ✐s ❣✉✐❞❡❞ ❬✉♣✇❛r❞s❪✳
✶✷

✾ Agni
✶✵ r❤②t❤♠✐❝❛❧ ♣✉❧s❡s ♦❢ ❜❧♦♦❞
✶✶ Indra
✶✷ t❤❡ str❡❛♠ ♦❢ tr❡❛s✉r❡
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✽✳✹✾

Praskan.va Kān.va | Br.hatı̄ ❛❧t❡r♥❛t✐♥❣ ✇✐t❤ Satobr.hatı̄ | t♦ Indra

abhı́ prá vah. surā´dhasamı́ndramarca yáthā vidé |

yó jaritŕ.bhyo maghávā purūvásuh. sahásren.eva śı́ks.ati || 1 ||

śatā´nı̄keva prá jigāti dhr..sn.uyā´ hánti vr.trā´n.i dāśús.e |

girériva prá rásā asya pinvire dátrān.i purubhójasah. || 2 ||

ā´ tvā sutā´sa ı́ndavo mádā yá indra girvan.ah. |

ā´po ná vajrinnánvokyàm . sárah. pr.n.ánti śūra rā´dhase || 3 ||

anehásam . pratáran.am
. viváks.an.am. mádhvah. svā´dis..thamı̄m. piba |
´ ´
ā yáthā mandasānáh. kirāsi nah. prá ks.udréva tmánā dhr..sát || 4 ||

ā´ na stómamúpa draváddhiyānó áśvo ná sótr.bhih. |

yám . te svadhāvansvadáyanti dhenáva ı́ndra kán.ves.u rātáyah. || 5 ||

ugrám . námasópa sedima vı́bhūtimáks.itāvasum |

. ná vı̄rám
udr´ı̄va vajrinnavató ná siñcaté ks.árantı̄ndra dhı̄táyah. || 6 ||

yáddha nūnám. yádvā yajñé yádvā pr.thivyā´mádhi |

áto no yajñámāśúbhirmahemata ugrá ugrébhirā´ gahi || 7 ||
 ✶✵✸✼

✶✳ ❉♦ t❤♦✉ ❝❡❧❡❜r❛t❡ ✇✐t❤ ❛ ❝❤❛♥t

❢♦r ②♦✉ ✇❡❧❧✲s❛t✐s❢②✐♥❣ Indra✱ ❛s ✐s ❦♥♦✇♥✱
❬Indra✱❪ ✇❤♦ ✐s ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ❬❛♥❞❪ ♦❢ ♠❛♥② ❜❡♥❡✜ts t♦ ✐♥✈♦❦❡rs✱
✐s ❡❛❣❡r t♦ ❤❡❧♣ ❬②♦✉❪ ❛s ✐❢ ✇✐t❤ ❛ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞ ❬♠❡♥❪✳
✷✳ ❆s ❢❛❝✐♥❣ ❛ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ❬❡♥❡♠✐❡s❪ ❬✇❛rr✐♦r❪✱
❤❡ ❜♦❧❞❧② ❞✐✈❡s ❬✐♥t♦ t❤❡ ❢r❛②❪✱
❢♦r ❛ ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡r ❤❡ s❧❛②s vr.tra✲s✳
❆s ❬str❡❛♠s❪ ❢r♦♠ ❛ ♠♦✉♥t❛✐♥✱ ❥✉✐❝❡s ♦❢ t❤✐s ♦♥❡
s✇❡❧❧ ♠✉❝❤✲♥♦✉r✐s❤✐♥❣ ❛❧❧♦tt❡❞ ♣♦rt✐♦♥s ❬♦❢ t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡❪✳
✸✳ ❊①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❞r♦♣s ♦❢ ♣✉r❡ Soma✱ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t✐♥❣✱
✜❧❧ ✉♣ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ ❧♦♥❣✐♥❣ ❢♦r ❛ ❝❤❛♥t Indra✱
❧✐❦❡ ✇❛t❡rs✱ ❖ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲✇✐❡❧❞❡r✱
❢♦❧❧♦✇✐♥❣ ❬✇❛②❪ ❤♦♠❡ ❬✜❧❧ ✉♣❪ ❛ ♣♦♥❞✱
t♦ s❛t✐s❢② ❬t❤②❪ ❞❡s✐r❡✱ ❖ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✦
✹✳ ❉r✐♥❦ ✐♥❝♦♠♣❛r❛❜❧❡✱ ♣r♦❧♦♥❣✐♥❣ ❬❧✐❢❡❪✱ ♥♦✉r✐s❤✐♥❣✱
s✇❡❡t❡r t❤❛♥ ❤♦♥❡② ✖ ❤✐♠ ✖ ✶
✐♥ s✉❝❤ ♠❛♥♥❡r s♦ t❤❛t ❜❡❝♦♠✐♥❣ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t❡❞✱ ❞❛r✐♥❣✱
t❤♦✉ ✇♦✉❧❞ s♣r✐♥❦❧❡ ❢♦r ✉s ❬t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡❪ ✖
❛t ❧❡❛st ❛s s♣❡❝❦s ❬♦❢ ❞✉st❪✳
✷
✺✳ ❍✉rr②✐♥❣ ❤❡r❡✱ t♦ ♦✉r ❤②♠♥ ♦❢ ♣r❛✐s❡✱
✉r❣❡❞ ♦♥ ❜② ♣r❡ss❡rs ❬♦❢ Soma❪
❛s ✐❢ ❬t❤♦✉ ✇❡r❡❪ ❛ ❤♦rs❡ ✱ ✸
✇❤✐❝❤ ❢♦r t❤❡❡✱ ❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r ♦❢ s❡❧❢✲❞❡t❡r♠✐♥❛t✐♦♥ ♦♥❡✱
♠✐❧❦ ❛♥❞ ❣✐❢ts ❛♠♦♥❣ Kan.va✲s
✹
♠❛❦❡ ♣❛❧❛t❛❜❧❡✱ ❖ Indra✦
✻✳ ❆s ♥❡❛r t♦ ❛ ❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s ❤❡r♦✱ ✇❡ ❤❛✈❡ r❡✈❡r❡♥t❧② s❛t
♥❡❛r t❤❡ ♣❡r✈❛❞✐♥❣ ♦♥❡ ✇❤♦s❡ ❜❡♥❡✜ts ❛r❡ ✉♥❞❡❝❛②✐♥❣✳
▲✐❦❡ ❛ ✇❡❧❧✱ ❖ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲✇✐❡❧❞❡r✱
❛s ❛ ❝✐st❡r♥ ❢♦r ❬s♦♠❡♦♥❡ ✇❤♦ ✐s❪ ♣♦✉r✐♥❣ ❬✐t❪ ♦✉t✱
✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥s ❛♥❞ t❤❡✐r ❡✛❡❝ts ♦♦③❡ ❬✐♥♥❡r ✇❛t❡rs❪✱ ❖ Indra✦
✼✳ ❲❤❡t❤❡r ♥♦✇ ❛t s♦♠❡ ✜r❡ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣✱
♦r ✐♥ ❬s♦♠❡ ♦t❤❡r❪ ❧❛♥❞✱
❤❡♥❝❡ t♦ ♦✉r ✜r❡ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣ ♦♥ s✇✐❢t ❬❤♦rs❡s❪✱
❖ ♠❡♥t❛❧❧②✲❞✐s♣♦s❡❞✲❢♦r✲❛✲❣r❡❛t✲❬❞❡❡❞❪ ♦♥❡✱
❜❡✐♥❣ ❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s✱ ❤❡r❡ ❝♦♠❡ ✇✐t❤ ❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s ♦♥❡s ✦ ✺

✶ Soma
✷ ❢♦❧❧♦✇✐♥❣ ❬❏❛♠✐s♦♥ ❛♥❞ ❇r❡r❡t♦♥✱ ✷✵✶✹✱ ♣✳✶✶✸✷❪
✸ ❂ Soma ❡①tr❛❝t
✹ ❧✐t✳ ✏❝♦✇s✑
✺ Marut✲s
✶✵✸✽

ajirā´so hárayo yé ta āśávo vā´tā iva prasaks.ı́n.ah. |

yébhirápatyam . mánus.ah. par´ı̄yase yébhirvı́śvam . svàrdr.śé || 8 ||

etā´vatasta ı̄maha ı́ndra sumnásya gómatah. |

yáthā prā´vo maghavanmédhyātithim
. yáthā n´ı̄pātithim
. dháne || 9 ||

yáthā kán.ve maghavantrasádasyavi yáthā pakthé dáśavraje |

yáthā góśarye ásanorr.jı́śvan´ı̄ndra gómaddhı́ran.yavat || 10 ||
 ✶✵✸✾

✽✳ ❚❤② ❛❣✐❧❡ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s ✇❤✐❝❤✱ ♠♦✈✐♥❣ q✉✐❝❦❧②✱

❧✐❦❡ ✇✐♥❞s ❬❛r❡❪ ♣♦ss❡ss✐♥❣ ♠❡❛♥s t♦ ♦✈❡r♣♦✇❡r✱
❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ✇❤✐❝❤ t❤♦✉ ❣♦ ❛❜♦✉t ❤✉♠❛♥ ♦✛s♣r✐♥❣❬s❪✱
❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ✇❤✐❝❤ ❬t❤♦✉ ❣♦ ❛❜♦✉t❪ t❤❡ ❛❧❧✲♣❡r✈❛❞✐♥❣ ❬❧✐❣❤t❪✻
t♦ ❜❡❤♦❧❞ svàr✳
✾✳ ❲❡ ❝♦♠❡ ❢r♦♠ ❛s ♠✉❝❤ ♦❢ t❤②✱ ❖ Indra✱
❜❡♥❡✈♦❧❡♥t✱ r✐❝❤✲✐♥✲❝♦✇s✼ ♠✐♥❞s❡t✱
❛s ❬t❤❡ ♦♥❡❪ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡✱ ❢❛✈♦✉r❡❞ ❬✇✐t❤❪ Medhyātithi✱
❛s Nı̄pātithi ✐♥ ❬❛rr❛♥❣❡❞❪ ❝♦♥t❡st✳
✶✵✳ ❆s ❛t Kan.va Trasadasyu✬s ❬♣❧❛❝❡❪✱ ❖ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡✱
❛s ❛t Paktha Daśavraja✬s ❬♣❧❛❝❡❪✱
❛s ❛t Gośarya R.jiśvan✬s t❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱
♦❜t❛✐♥❡❞ r✐❝❤✲✐♥✲❝♦✇s✽ ✱ ❛❜♦✉♥❞✐♥❣✲✐♥✲❣♦❧❞ ❬❛❧❧✲♣❡r✈❛❞✐♥❣ ❧✐❣❤t❪✳

✻ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✾✳✻✶✳✶✽❝

✼ ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s
✽ ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✽✳✺✵

Pus..tigu Kān.va | Br.hatı̄ ❛❧t❡r♥❛t✐♥❣ ✇✐t❤ Satobr.hatı̄ | t♦ Indra

. surā´dhasamárcā śakrámabhı́s..taye |
prá sú śrutám
yáh. sunvaté stuvaté kā´myam
. vásu sahásren.eva mám . hate || 1 ||

śatā´nı̄kā hetáyo asya dus..tárā ı́ndrasya samı́s.o mah´ı̄h. |

girı́rná bhujmā´ maghávatsu pinvate yádı̄m . sutā´ ámandis.uh. || 2 ||

. sutā´sa ı́ndavo bhı́ priyámámandis.uh. |

′
yádı̄m
ā´po ná dhāyi sávanam. ma ā´ vaso dúghā ivópa dāśús.e || 3 ||

anehásam . vo hávamānamūtáye mádhvah. ks.aranti dhı̄táyah. |

ā´ tvā vaso hávamānāsa ı́ndava úpa stotrés.u dadhire || 4 ||

ā´ nah. sóme svadhvará iyānó átyo ná tośate |

yám . te svadāvansvádanti gūrtáyah. pauré chandayase hávam || 5 ||

prá vı̄rámugrám
. vı́vicim
. dhanaspŕ.tam . rā´dhaso maháh. |
. vı́bhūtim
udr´ı̄va vajrinnavató vasutvanā´ sádā pı̄petha dāśús.e || 6 ||

yáddha nūnám. parāváti yádvā pr.thivyā´m

. divı́ |
yujāná indra háribhirmahemata .r.svá .r.svébhirā´ gahi || 7 ||
 ✶✵✹✶

✶✳ ■❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t❡ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ s♣❡❡❝❤ t❤❡ ❢❛♠♦✉s ✇❡❧❧✲s❛t✐s❢②✐♥❣

❡♠♣♦✇❡r✐♥❣ ♦♥❡ ❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ ❬❤✐s❪ ❛ss✐st❛♥❝❡✱
❬❤✐♠✱❪ ✇❤♦ ✐♥❝r❡❛s❡s ❛s ✐❢ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞❢♦❧❞ t♦✲❜❡✲❞❡s✐r❡❞ tr❡❛s✉r❡✱
❬✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t❡❪ t♦ ♣r❡ss✐♥❣ ❬Soma❪
♣r❛✐s✐♥❣ ❬❤✐♠❪ ✇✐t❤ ❤②♠♥s ❬✇♦rs❤✐♣❡r❪✦
✷✳ ❋❛❝✐♥❣✲❛✲❤✉♥❞r❡❞✲❬❡♥❡♠✐❡s❪ ❞✐✣❝✉❧t✲t♦✲❛✈♦✐❞ ♠✐ss✐❧❡s
♦❢ t❤✐s ♦♥❡✶
❬❛r❡❪ ♠✐❣❤t② ❞❛rts ♦❢ Indra✳
▲✐❦❡ ❛ s✐♥✉♦✉s ♠♦✉♥t❛✐♥✷ ❬s✇❡❧❧s str❡❛♠s❪✱
❛♠♦♥❣ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡s ❤❡ s✇❡❧❧s ❬✇❛t❡rs❪
✇❤❡♥ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❬❞r♦♣s ♦❢ Soma❪ ✐♥✢❛♠❡ ❤✐♠✳
✸✳ ❲❤❡♥ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❞r♦♣s ♦❢ ♣✉r❡ Soma
✐♥✢❛♠❡ ❤✐♠✱ t❤❡ ❞❡❛r ♦♥❡✱
❧✐❦❡ ✇❛t❡rs✱ ❤❡✱ ❖ ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧ ♦♥❡✱ ✐s ❢♦r ♠❡ ♣❧❛❝❡❞
❝❧♦s❡ t♦ ♣r❡ss❡❞ ♦✉t Soma ❥✉✐❝❡✱
❧✐❦❡ ♠✐❧❝❤✲❝♦✇ ♥❡❛r❜② ❢♦r ❛ ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡r✳
✹✳ ❋♦r ②❡ ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥s ❛♥❞ t❤❡✐r ❡✛❡❝ts ♦♦③❡ ✐♥❝♦♠♣❛r❛❜❧❡
❝❛❧❧✐♥❣ ✉♣♦♥ ❬Indra❪ ❢♦r ❤❡❧♣ ❬❞r♦♣s❪ ♦❢ ❤♦♥❡②✳
❈❛❧❧✐♥❣ ✉♣♦♥ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧ ♦♥❡✱ ❞r♦♣s ♦❢ ♣✉r❡ Soma
♣❧❛❝❡ ❬t❤❡❡❪ ♥❡❛r t♦ ❤②♠♥s ♦❢ ♣r❛✐s❡✳
✺✳ ❉✉r✐♥❣ ♦✉r✱ ♣r♦❝❡❡❞✐♥❣ ✇❡❧❧ ♦♥ ✐ts ♣❛t❤ Soma ❬s❛❝r✐✜❝❡❪✱
❤❡✸ ✱ r❡♣❡❛t❡❞❧② ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤✐♥❣ ❧✐❦❡ ❛ ❝♦✉rs❡r✱ ❛♠❛ss❡s ❤✐♠s❡❧❢✱
❬❤❡✱❪ ✇❤♦♠ ❢♦r t❤❡❡✱ ❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❛ ❣♦♦❞ t❛st❡ ♦♥❡✱
♣r❛✐s❡s ♠❛❦❡ ♣❛❧❛t❛❜❧❡✳
❆t Paura✬s ❬♣❧❛❝❡❪ t❤♦✉ ♠❛❦❡ ❛ ❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥ ❬t❤❡❡❪ t♦ ❛♣♣❡❛r✳
✻✳ ❬❆♣♣❡❛s❡❪ t❤❡ ❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s ❞✐s❝❡r♥✐♥❣ ❝❛rr②✐♥❣✲❛✇❛②✲♣r✐③❡s ❤❡r♦
❬✇❤♦ ✐s❪ ♣r❡s✐❞✐♥❣ ♦✈❡r✹ ❣r❡❛t s❛t✐s❢❛❝t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❬♦✉r❪ ❞❡s✐r❡✦
▲✐❦❡ ❛ ✇❡❧❧✱ ❖ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲✇✐❡❧❞❡r✱ ❬❧✐❦❡❪ ❛ ❝✐st❡r♥✱
t❤♦✉ ❛❧✇❛②s s✇❡❧❧ ❢♦r ❛ ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡r ✉s❡❢✉❧ ❬q✉❛❧✐t✐❡s❪✳
✼✳ ❲❤❡t❤❡r ♥♦✇ ❢❛r ❛✇❛②✱
✇❤❡t❤❡r ♦♥ ❊❛rt❤ ❬♦r❪ ✐♥ ❍❡❛✈❡♥✱
②♦❦✐♥❣✱ ❖ Indra✱ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s✱
❖ ♠❡♥t❛❧❧②✲❞✐s♣♦s❡❞✲❢♦r✲❛✲❣r❡❛t✲❬❞❡❡❞❪ ♦♥❡✱
❤❡❧♣✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❞✐r❡ str❛✐❣❤ts✱ ❝♦♠❡ ❤❡r❡
t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ❤❡❧♣✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❞✐r❡ str❛✐❣❤ts ♦♥❡s✦

✶ ✇♦rs❤✐♣✐♥❣ Indra ✇❛rr✐♦r

✷ Kailāsa❄
✸ ❡①tr❛❝t ♦❢ Soma ❤❡r❜ ❜❡✐♥❣ ❛❜s♦r❜❡❞ ✐♥t♦ t❤❡ ❜♦❞②
✹ ❧✐t✳ ✏♣❡r✈❛❞✐♥❣✑
✶✵✹✷

rathirā´so hárayo yé te asrı́dha ójo vā´tasya pı́prati |

yébhirnı́ dásyum. mánus.o nighós.ayo yébhih. svàh. par´ı̄yase || 8 ||

etā´vataste vaso vidyā´ma śūra návyasah. |

yáthā prā´va étaśam . dáśavraje || 9 ||
. kŕ.tvye dháne yáthā váśam

yáthā kán.ve maghavanmédhe adhvaré dı̄rghánı̄the dámūnasi |

. hariśrı́yam || 10 ||
yáthā góśarye ásis.āso adrivo máyi gotrám
 ✶✵✹✸

✽✳ ❙♣❡❡❞② t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s✺ ✱ ✇❤✐❝❤ ❢♦r t❤❡❡ ❛r❡ ♥♦t ❢❛✐❧✐♥❣✱

❞❡❧✐✈❡r t❤❡ ✈✐❣♦✉r ♦❢ t❤❡ ✇✐♥❞✱
❬t❤❡②❪ ✇✐t❤ ✇❤✐❝❤ t❤♦✉ ❤✉s❤ ♠❛♥✬s ✐♠♣✉❧s❡ t♦ s✉✛❡r ✇❛♥t✱
✇✐t❤ ✇❤✐❝❤ t❤♦✉ ❣♦ ❛❜♦✉t svàr✳
✾✳ ❲❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❡①♣❡r✐❡♥❝❡ ❛♥❡✇✱ ❖ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱
❛s ♠✉❝❤ ♦❢ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧ ♦♥❡✱
❛s ❬✇❤❡♥❪ t❤♦✉ ♣r♦♠♦t❡❞ t❤❡ ✢✐❝❦❡r✐♥❣ ♦♥❡✻
❛t ❡✣❝❛❝✐♦✉s ❬❛t ❞❡t❡r♠✐♥✐♥❣ ❛ ❝❤❛♠♣✐♦♥❪ ❛rr❛♥❣❡❞ ❝♦♥t❡st✱
❛s ❬✇❤❡♥ t❤♦✉ ♣r♦♠♦t❡❞❪ t❤❡ ✇✐❧❧ ❬t♦ ✇✐♥❪ ❛t Daśavraja✬s ❬❡✈❡♥t❪✱
✶✵✳ ❛s ❬✇❤❡♥❪ ❛t Kan.va✬s ❬♣❧❛❝❡❪✱ ❖ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡✱
❞✉r✐♥❣ ♣r♦❝❡❡❞✐♥❣ ♦♥ ✐ts ✇❛② ❛♥✐♠❛❧ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡
❛t ❛ ❧♦♥❣ ❝♦✉♥s❡❧ r❡❧❛t❡❞ t♦ ❞♦♠❡st✐❝ ❬❛✛❛✐rs❪✱
❛s ❬✇❤❡♥❪ ❛t Gośarya✬s ❬♣❧❛❝❡❪✱ ❖ st♦♥❡✲✇✐❡❧❞❡r✱
t❤♦✉ ❛❝q✉✐r❡❞ ✐♥ ♠❡ ❛ ❧✐♥❡❛❣❡
❬t❤❛t ✐s❪ ❛ ❜❧❡ss✐♥❣ ❢♦r t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s✳

✺ ❞r♦♣s ♦❢ Soma ❥✉✐❝❡

✻ ✐♥♥❡r Agni
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✽✳✺✶

Śrus..tigu Kān.va | Br.hatı̄ ❛❧t❡r♥❛t✐♥❣ ✇✐t❤ Satobr.hatı̄ | t♦ Indra

yáthā mánau sā´m

. varan.au sómamindrā´pibah. sutám |
´
nı̄pātithau maghavanmédhyātithau pús..tigau śrús..tigau sácā || 1 ||

pārs.advān.áh. práskan.vam
. sámasādayacháyānam . jı́vrimúddhitam |
sahásrān.yasis.āsadgávāmŕ..sistvóto dásyave vŕ.kah. || 2 ||

yá ukthébhirná vindháte cikı́dyá .r.sicódanah. |

ı́ndram
. támáchā vada návyasyā matyáris.yantam . ná bhójase || 3 ||

yásmā arkám . saptáśı̄rs.ān.amānr.cústridhā´tumuttamé padé |

sá tvı̀mā´ vı́śvā bhúvanāni cikradadā´dı́jjanis..ta paum
´ . syam || 4 ||

yó no dātā´ vásūnāmı́ndram . hūmahe vayám |

. tám
vidmā´ hyasya sumatı́m . gaméma gómati vrajé || 5 ||
. návı̄yası̄m

yásmai tvám . vaso dānā´ya śı́ks.asi sá rāyáspós.amaśnute |

tám
. tvā vayám
. maghavannindra girvan.ah.
sutā´vanto havāmahe || 6 ||

kadā´ caná star´ı̄rasi néndra saścasi dāśús.e |

úpopénnú maghavanbhū´ya ı́nnú te dā´nam . devásya pr.cyate || 7 ||
 ✶✵✹✺

✶✳ ❆s ❛t Manu Sāmvaran.i✬s ❬♣❧❛❝❡❪✱ ❖ Indra✱

t❤♦✉ ❞✐❞ ❞r✐♥❦ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ Soma✱
✐♥ Nı̄pātithi✱ ❖ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡✱ ✐♥ Medhyātithi✱
✐♥ Pus..tigu ✖ ✐♥ t❤❡ ♣r❡s❡♥❝❡ ♦❢ Śrus..tigu✳
✷✳ ❍❛✈✐♥❣✲❛tt❡♥❞❛♥ts ♦♥❡ ♠❛❞❡ r❡♣♦s✐♥❣ ✇♦r♥ ♦✉t Praskan.va
t♦ s✐t ❬❛t ❛♥ ❛ss❡♠❜❧②❪✳
❚❤❡ s❡❡r ❞✐❞ ❛❝q✉✐r❡ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞s ♦❢ ❝♦✇s
❜❡✐♥❣ ❤❡❧♣❡❞ ❜② t❤❡❡
❬❜❡❝❛✉s❡ ♦❢❪ ❜❡✐♥❣ ❛ ✇♦❧❢ t♦ t❤❡ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡ t♦ s✉✛❡r ✇❛♥t✳
✸✳ ❲❤♦ ✐s ♥♦t ❜❡r❡❢t ♦❢ r❡❝✐t❡❞ ✈❡rs❡s✱
✇❤♦✱ ❜❡✐♥❣ ♦❜s❡r✈❛♥t✱ ❬✐s❪ ✐♥s♣✐r✐♥❣ s❡❡rs✱
❞♦ t❤♦✉ s♣❡❛❦ t♦ t❤❛t Indra ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ♥♦✈❡❧ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❣❡st✉r❡
t♦ ❡♥❥♦② ❬❤✐♠❪ ❛s ❛ ♥♦♥✲✐♥❥✉r✐♥❣ ♦♥❡✳
✹✳ ❋♦r ✇❤♦♠ t❤❡② ❤❛✈❡ s❛♥❣ s❡✈❡♥✲❤❡❛❞❡❞ ❤②♠♥ ♦❢ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t✐♦♥✱
❬❢♦r ✇❤♦♠❪ ❝♦♥s✐st✐♥❣ ♦❢ t❤r❡❡ ❝♦♠♣♦♥❡♥ts ❬❛♠❜r♦s✐❛ ❪
✶
❬✇❛s ♣❧❛❝❡❞❪ ✐♥t♦ t❤❡ ❤✐❣❤❡st ❢♦♦t♣r✐♥t ❬♦❢ Visnu❪✱
❤❡✱ ■ ♣r❛②✱ s❤❛❧❧ ❝❛❧❧ ♦✉t t♦ ❛❧❧ t❤❡s❡ ❢❛❝❡ts ♦❢ ❧✐❢❡❀. .
♦♥❧② ❛❢t❡r t❤❛t ♦♥❡ s❤❛❧❧ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st ♠❛♥❧② str❡♥❣t❤✳
✺✳ ❲❤♦ ❬✐s❪ ❛ ❣✐✈❡r ♦❢ ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧ t❤✐♥❣s t♦ ✉s✱
t❤❛t Indra ✇❡ ❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥✳
❙✐♥❝❡ ✇❡ ❤❛✈❡ ❢♦✉♥❞ ♥♦✈❡❧ ❡✛❡❝t✐✈❡ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❣❡st✉r❡ ❢♦r t❤✐s ♦♥❡✱
✇❡ ♠✐❣❤t s❡t ♦✉t t♦ r✐❝❤✲✐♥✲❝♦✇s ❡♥❝❧♦s✉r❡✳
✻✳ ❚♦ ✇❤♦♠ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧ ♦♥❡✱ ❛r❡ ❡❛❣❡r t♦ ❣✐✈❡✱
❤❡ ❣❛✐♥s ❛♥ ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥❝❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡✳
❙✉❝❤ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ❧♦♥❣✐♥❣ ❢♦r ❛ ❝❤❛♥t Indra✱
✇❡✱ ✐♥ ♣♦ss❡ss✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❬Soma❪✱ ❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥✳
✼✳ ❚❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❛r❡ ♥❡✈❡r ❛ ❜❛rr❡♥ ❝♦✇✱
♥♦r ❛r❡ t❤♦✉ ❛ss✐st✐♥❣ ❬♦♥❧② ♦♥❡❪ ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡r✳
❏✉st ♥♦✇ ❜✐t✲❜②✲❜✐t✱ ❖ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡✱ ❥✉st ♥♦✇ ♦♥❝❡ ♠♦r❡✱
❢♦r t❤❡❡ deva✬s ❣✐❢t ✇❛s ♣✉t t♦❣❡t❤❡r✳
✖✖

✶ amrta
.
✶✵✹✻

prá yó nanaks.é abhyójasā krı́vim

. vadháıh. śús.n.am. nighos.áyan |
yadédástambhı̄tpratháyannamū´m . dı́vam ´
ā . . a pā´rthivah. || 8 ||
dı́jjanis t

yásyāyám. vı́śva ā´ryo dā´sah. śevadhipā´ arı́h. |

tiráścidaryé rúśame pávı̄ravi túbhyétsó ajyate rayı́h. || 9 ||

turan.yávo mádhumantam . ghr.taścútam. vı́prāso arkámānr.cuh. |

asmé rayı́h. paprathe vŕ..sn.yam. śávo ′
smé suvānā´sa ı́ndavah. || 10 ||
 ✶✵✹✼

✽✳ ❖♥❧② ✇❤❡♥ ❤❡✱ ❤✉s❤✐♥❣ ✇✐t❤ ❢r✉str❛t✐♦♥s Śus.n.a✱

❤❛s ✈✐❣♦r♦✉s❧② ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤❡❞ t❤❡ ✢❡s❤✱
♦♥❧② ✇❤❡♥ ❤❡✱ ♠❛❦✐♥❣ t❤✐s ❬❊❛rt❤❪ s♣r❡❛❞ ✱ ✷
❤❛s ♣r♦♣♣❡❞ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥✱
♦♥❧② ❛❢t❡r t❤❛t ❤❡ s❤❛❧❧ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st ❤✐♠s❡❧❢ ❛s ❛♥ ❡❛rt❤❧② ♦♥❡✱
✾✳ ❬❤❡✱❪ ✇❤♦s❡ t❤✐s ♦♥❡✱
❬❛♥❞❪ ❡✈❡r② ♦♥❡ ✇❤♦ ❝♦♥❞✉❝ts ❬✐♥♥❡r Soma❪ ✉♣✇❛r❞s ❬❛r❡❪✱
❬✇❤♦s❡❪ t❤❡ s❛✈❛❣❡ ❬❛♥❞❪ r✐s✐♥❣ ✉♣✇❛r❞s ♦♥❡ ✱ ✸
t❤❛t ♣r♦t❡❝ts t❤❡ r❡❝❡♣t❛❝❧❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡✱ ❬❛r❡❪✳
❊✈❡♥ ♠♦r❡ t❤❛♥ t❤❛t ✖ ❛t ❛s♣✐r✐♥❣ Ruśama Pavı̄ru✬s ❬♣❧❛❝❡❪✱
❥✉st ❢♦r t❤❡❡ t❤❛t tr❡❛s✉r❡ ✐s s♠❡❛r❡❞ ❬✇✐t❤ ♠✐❧❦❪ ✳
✹ ✺
✶✵✳ ❩❡❛❧♦✉s ✐♥✇❛r❞❧②✲❡①❝✐t❡❞ ♦♥❡s ❤❛✈❡ s❛♥❣
✻
r✐❝❤ ✐♥ ❤♦♥❡②✱ ♦♦③✐♥❣ ✇✐t❤ ❣❤❡❡ ❤②♠♥ ♦❢ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t✐♦♥✳
❚❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡ ❤❛s s♣r❡❛❞ ✐♥ ✉s t❤❡ ♠❛♥❧② ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱
✐♥ ✉s ❬❛r❡❪ ❡✛✉s✐♥❣ ❞r♦♣s ♦❢ ♣✉r❡ Soma✳

✷ ♠❛❦✐♥❣ ✐t ❝♦♠❡ t♦ ♠✐♥❞✬s ❧✐❣❤t ✐♥ ❛♥ ❡①♣❛♥❞✐♥❣ s❡t ♦❢ s❡♥s❛t✐♦♥s✱ ❛♥❞

♠❛❦✐♥❣ ✐t s✇❡❧❧ ✇✐t❤ ✐♥♥❡r ✇❛t❡rs
✸ ✐♥♥❡r Soma
✹ ❥✉✐❝❡ ♦❢ Soma ♣❧❛♥t
✺ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✾✳✸✷✳✸❝
✻ ❧✐t✳ ✏s❡❡❦✐♥❣ ✇❛②s t♦ ❜❡ s✇✐❢t✑
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✽✳✺✷

Āyu Kān.va | Br.hatı̄ ❛❧t❡r♥❛t✐♥❣ ✇✐t❤ Satobr.hatı̄ | t♦ Indra

yáthā mánau vı́vasvati sómam . śakrā´pibah. sutám |

yáthā trité chánda indra jújos.asyāyau´ mādayase sácā || 1 ||

pŕ..sadhre médhye mātarı́śvan´ı̄ndra suvāné ámandathāh. |

yáthā sómam. dáśaśipre dáśon.ye syū´maraśmāvŕ.jūnasi || 2 ||

yá ukthā´ kévalā dadhé yáh. sómam . dhr..sitā´pibat |

yásmai vı́s.n.ustr´ı̄n.i padā´ vicakramá úpa mitrásya dhármabhih. || 3 ||

yásya tvámindra stómes.u cākáno vā´je vājiñchatakrato |

tám . sudúghāmiva godúho juhūmási śravasyávah. || 4 ||
. tvā vayám

yó no dātā´ sá nah. pitā´ mahā´m̃

. ugrá ı̄śānakŕ.t |
áyāmannugró maghávā purūvásurgóráśvasya prá dātu nah. || 5 ||

yásmai tvám. vaso dānā´ya mám

. hase sá rāyáspós.aminvati |
vasūyávo vásupatim
. śatákratum
. stómairı́ndram . havāmahe || 6 ||
 ✶✵✹✾

✶✳ ❆s ❛t Manu Vivasvat✬s ❬♣❧❛❝❡❪

t❤♦✉✱ ❖ ❡♠♣♦✇❡r✐♥❣ ♦♥❡✱ ❞r❛♥❦ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ Soma✱
❛s t❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❡♥❥♦② ❛ ♠❡tr❡ ❛t t❤❡ t❤✐r❞ ❬❝❛❦r❛❪✱
t❤♦✉ ♠❛❦❡ t❤②s❡❧❢ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t❡❞
✐♥ t❤❡ ♣r❡s❡♥❝❡ ♦❢ ❛♥ ❛❣✐t❛t❡❞ ❬♠❛♥❪✳
✷✳ ❆t Pr..sadhra✬s ❬♣❧❛❝❡❪ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱
✐♥✢❛♠❡❞ t❤②s❡❧❢ ♦♥ ❡✛✉s✐♥❣ ❬Soma❪✱
✇❤❡♥ ✏s✇❡❧❧✐♥❣ ✐♥ t❤❡ ♠♦t❤❡r✑ ♦♥❡
✶ ❬✇❛s❪ ✈✐❣♦r♦✉s✱
t❤❡ s❛♠❡ ✇❛② ❛s ❬t❤♦✉ ❞r❛♥❦❪ Soma ❛t Daśaśipra✬s✱ ❛t Daśon.ya✬s
❛t Syūmaraśmi✬s✱ ❛t R
. jūnas✬s ❬♣❧❛❝❡❪✳
✖✖
✸✳ ❲❤♦ ❤❛s ✜①❡❞ ❬❛tt❡♥t✐♦♥❪
♦♥ ♥♦t ❝♦♥♥❡❝t❡❞ ✇✐t❤ ❛♥②t❤✐♥❣ ❡❧s❡ ❬❜✉t Indra❪ ✈❡rs❡s✱
✇❤♦ ❞❛r✐♥❣❧② ❞r❛♥❦ Soma✱
❢♦r ✇❤♦♠ Vis.n.u str♦❞❡ ♦✉t t❤r❡❡ st❡♣s
✐♥ ❛❝❝♦r❞❛♥❝❡ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ♥❛t✉r❡ ♦❢ ❬❤✐s❪ ❛♠✐t②✱
✹✳ ✇❤♦s❡ ❤②♠♥s ♦❢ ♣r❛✐s❡ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❡♥❥♦② ❛❣❛✐♥ ❛♥❞ ❛❣❛✐♥✱
❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ✇✐❧❡s ♦♥❡✱
❖ ❝❛♣❛❜❧❡ ♦❢ ❛ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r ❞✉r✐♥❣ ❛ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱
✇❡✱ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ ❢❛♠❡✱ ❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥ s✉❝❤ t❤❡❡
✷
❧✐❦❡ ♠✐❧❦♠❡♥ ❬❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥❪ ②✐❡❧❞✐♥❣✲♠✉❝❤ ♠✐❧❦ ❬❝♦✇❪✳
✖✖
✺✳ ❲❤♦ ✐s t❤❡ ❣✐✈❡r t♦ ✉s✱ t❤❛t ♦♥❡ ✐s ♦✉r ❢❛t❤❡r ✖
♠✐❣❤t② ❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s✱ r❡♥❞❡r✐♥❣ ♦♥❡ ❝♦♠♣❡t❡♥t✳
❲❤✐❧❡ ❬✇❡ ❛r❡❪ ♥♦t ♦♥ ❛♥ ❡①♣❡❞✐t✐♦♥✱ ♠❛② ❤❡ ✖
❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s✱ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s✱ ♦♥❡ ♦❢ ♠❛♥② ❜❡♥❡✜ts ✖
❣r❛♥t ✉s ❬❛ ♣❛tt❡r♥❪ ♦❢ r❤②t❤♠
✸
❬♦r✐❣✐♥❛t✐♥❣❪ ❢r♦♠ ❛♥ ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥ ✳
✹
✻✳ ❋♦r ✇❤♦♠ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧ ♦♥❡✱ ✐♥❝r❡❛s❡ t❤②s❡❧❢
✐♥ ♦r❞❡r t♦ ❣✐✈❡✱
❤❡ s♣✉rs ♦♥ ❛♥ ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥❝❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡✳
❙❡❡❦✐♥❣ ❜❡♥❡✜ts✱ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❤②♠♥s ♦❢ ♣r❛✐s❡ ✇❡ ❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥
t❤❡ ♦✈❡rs❡❡r ♦❢ ❜❡♥❡✜ts ✖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣✲❤✉♥❞r❡❞✲✇✐❧❡s Indra✳
✖✖

✶ Agni ✖ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✸✳✷✾✳✶✶❝

✷ Indra ❛❞❡♣t
✸ ❧✐t✳ ✏❤♦rs❡✑
✹ ❧✐t✳ ✏❝♦✇✑
✶✵✺✵

kadā´ caná prá yuchasyubhé nı́ pāsi jánmanı̄ |

. ta indriyámā´ tasthāvamŕ.tam
túrı̄yāditya hávanam . divı́ || 7 ||

. maghavannindra girvan.ah. śı́ks.o śı́ks.asi dāśús.e |

yásmai tvám
asmā´kam . vaso kan.vaváchr.n.udhı̄ hávam || 8 ||
. gı́ra utá sus..tutı́m

ástāvi mánma pūrvyám . bráhméndrāya vocata |

pūrv´ı̄rr.tásya br.hat´ı̄ranūs.ata stotúrmedhā´ asr.ks.ata || 9 ||

sámı́ndro rā´yo br.hat´ı̄radhūnuta sám . ks.on.´ı̄ sámu sū´ryam |

sám
. śukr ´
ā sah
. śúcayah
. sám
. gávāśirah
.
sómā ı́ndramamandis.uh. || 10 ||
 ✶✵✺✶

✼✳ ❚❤♦✉ ❛r❡ ♥❡✈❡r ❛❜s❡♥t✱

t❤♦✉ ✇❛t❝❤ ♦✈❡r ❜♦t❤ t②♣❡s ♦❢ ❡①✐st❡♥❝❡✳
❖ ❢♦✉rt❤ Āditya✱ ❬t♦ ❣❛✐♥❪ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r ♦✈❡r ❛✛❡❝t✐♦♥s
❬✐s❪ ❛ ❝❤❛❧❧❡♥❣❡ t♦ t❤❡❡ ✖
t❤❡ ❛♠❜r♦s✐❛ ❤❛s ❛s❝❡♥❞❡❞ t♦ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥✳
✽✳ ❚♦ ✇❤✐❝❤ ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡r t❤♦✉✱ ❖ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ❧♦♥❣✐♥❣ ❢♦r ❛ ❝❤❛♥t Indra✱
❛r❡ ❡❛❣❡r t♦ ❤❡❧♣✱ ❖ ❤❡❧♣❢✉❧ ♦♥❡✱
❤❡❛r ✖ ❛s ❛ Kan.va ✖ t❤❡ ❝❛❧❧✱
♦✉r ❝❤❛♥ts✱ ❛♥❞ ❛ ❝♦rr❡❝t❧② ❛rt✐❝✉❧❛t❡❞ ♣r❛✐s❡✳
✾✳ Pr✐♦r ✉♥❞❡rst❛♥❞✐♥❣ ✐s ♣r❛✐s❡❞❀
❞♦ ②❡ ❬♥♦✇❪ ✉tt❡r ❛ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥ ❢♦r Indra✦
▼❛♥② ✇✐❞❡✲r❛♥❣✐♥❣ ❬❝♦♥❝❡♣t✐♦♥s ❪ ♦❢ .rta
✺
❤❛✈❡ ❢♦✉♥❞ t❤❡✐r ✇❛② ❬t♦ Indra❪✱
t❤♦✉❣❤ts ♦❢ t❤❡ ♣r❛✐s❡r ❤❛✈❡ ♣♦✉r❡❞ ♦✉t✳
✶✵✳ ❆t t❤❡ s❛♠❡ t✐♠❡ Indra ❢❛♥♥❡❞ ♣♦t❡♥t tr❡❛s✉r❡
❬✐♥ ♠❛♥② ✇❛rr✐♦rs❪✱
❛t t❤❡ s❛♠❡ t✐♠❡ ❬❤❡ s❤♦♦❦❪ ❜♦t❤ t✇♦ tr❡♠❜❧✐♥❣ ♦♥❡s✻
❛♥❞ ❬❛❣✐t❛t❡❞❪ t❤❡ s✉♥ ✱
✼
❛t t❤❡ s❛♠❡ t✐♠❡ tr❛♥s❧✉❝❡♥t ❣❧❡❛♠✐♥❣ ♠✐①❡❞ ✇✐t❤ ♠✐❧❦
❞r♦♣s ♦❢ Soma ✐♥✢❛♠❡❞ Indra✳

✺ manisā
.
✻ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ❛♥❞ ❊❛rt❤
✼ manipūra ❝❛❦r❛
.
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✽✳✺✸

Medhya Kān.va | Br.hatı̄ ❛❧t❡r♥❛t✐♥❣ ✇✐t❤ Satobr.hatı̄ | t♦ Indra

upamám . tvā maghónām . ca vr..sabhā´n.ām |

. jyés..tham
pūrbhı́ttamam . maghavannindra govı́dam´ı̄śānam. rāyá ı̄mahe || 1 ||

. kútsamatithigvámárdayo vāvr.dhānó divédive |

yá āyúm
tám
. tvā vayám
. háryaśvam . vājayánto havāmahe || 2 ||
. śatákratum

ā´ no vı́śves.ām . mádhvah. siñcantvádrayah. |

. rásam
yé parāváti sunviré jánes.vā´ yé arvāvát´ı̄ndavah. || 3 ||

vı́śvā dvés.ām. si jahı́ cā´va cā´ kr.dhi vı́śve sanvantvā´ vásu |

śı̄.s.tes.u citte madirā´so am
´ . śávo yátrā sómasya tr.mpási || 4 ||

ı́ndra nédı̄ya édihi mitámedhābhirūtı́bhih. |

ā´ śam . tamābhirabhı́s..tibhirā´ svāpe svāpı́bhih. || 5 ||
. tama śám

ājitúram. sátpatim . kr.dhı́ prajā´svā´bhagam |

. viśvácars.an.im
prá sū´ tirā śácı̄bhiryé ta ukthı́nah. krátum . punatá ānus.ák || 6 ||
 ✶✵✺✸

✶✳ ❚❤❡❡✱ ❬✇❤♦ ✐s❪ t❤❡ ❜❡st ♦❢ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡s

❛♥❞ t❤❡ ♠♦st ❡①❝❡❧❧❡♥t ♦❢ r❡s❡♠❜❧✐♥❣ ❛ ❜✉❧❧ ♦♥❡s✱
t❤❡ ❜❡st ❛t ❜r❡❛❦✐♥❣ str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞s✱ ❖ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s Indra✱
❬t❤❡ ❜❡st ❛t❪ ✜♥❞✐♥❣ ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s ✱
✶
✇❡ ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤✱ ❬t❤❡❡✱ ✇❤♦❪ ✐s ❝❤❛r❣❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡✳
✷✳ ❲❤♦✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❜❡❝♦♠✐♥❣ str♦♥❣❡r ❞❛②✲❛❢t❡r✲❞❛②✱
♠❛❞❡ ❛❣✐t❛t❡❞ Kutsa Atithigva t♦ s❤❛❦❡ ✈❡❤❡♠❡♥t❧②✱
s✉❝❤ t❤❡❡ ✖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❛✇♥② ❤♦rs❡s✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ✇✐❧❡s ✖
✇❡✱ ♣r❛❝t✐s✐♥❣ r✉s❤❡s ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱ ❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥✳
✸✳ ▼❛② ❬❢♦r❪ ♦✉r ❬❜❡♥❡✜t❪ t❤❡ ❬♣r❡ss✐♥❣❪ st♦♥❡s ❜❡s♣r✐♥❦❧❡
t❤❡ s❛♣ ♦❢ ❛❧❧ ❬st❛❧❦s❪ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❤♦♥❡② ✖
✷
❬t❤♦s❡❪ ✇❤✐❝❤ ✇❡r❡ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❢❛r❛✇❛②✱ ❛♠♦♥❣ t❤❡ ❢♦❧❦s✱
❬❛♥❞ t❤♦s❡❪ ❞r♦♣s ♦❢ ♣✉r❡ Soma ✇❤✐❝❤ ❬❛r❡❪ ❝❧♦s❡ ❜②✳
✖✖
✹✳ ❙tr✐❦❡ ❛t ❛❧❧ ❛✈❡rs✐♦♥s ❛♥❞ ♠❛❦❡ t❤❡♠ ❤❡r❡ ♦✛✦
▼❛② ❛❧❧ ❬st❛❧❦s❪ ❞r✐♣ t❤❡ ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧ ❬❤♦♥❡②❪✦
❲❤❡r❡✈❡r t❤♦✉ ❬❞❡❝✐❞❡ t♦❪ s❛t✐❛t❡ t❤②s❡❧❢ ✇✐t❤ Soma✱
❡✈❡♥ ❛♠♦♥❣ ✇❤❛t r❡♠❛✐♥s ❬t❤❡r❡ ❛r❡❪ ❢♦r t❤❡❡
❜r❡✇✐♥❣ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t✐♦♥ st❛❧❦s✳
✺✳ ❖ Indra✱ ❞♦ ❝♦♠❡ ❥✉st ❤❡r❡✱ ✈❡r② ♥❡❛r✱
✇✐t❤ ♠❡t❡❞✲♦✉t✲❜②✲t❤❡✲♥♦✉r✐s❤✐♥❣✲❞r✐♥❦ s✐❞❡✲❡✛❡❝ts✦
❬❈♦♠❡✱❪ ❖ ♠♦st ❛✉s♣✐❝✐♦✉s ♦♥❡✱ ✇✐t❤ ✈❛r✐♦✉s ♠❡❛♥s t♦ ❛ss✐st✱
✇✐t❤ ❣♦♦❞ ❛❧❧✐❡s✱ ❖ ❣♦♦❞ ❛❧❧②✦
✻✳ ❉♦ t❤♦✉ ♠❛❦❡ ♦✈❡r♣♦✇❡r✐♥❣✲❬♦♣♣♦♥❡♥ts❪
♦✈❡rs❡❡r ♦❢ ✇❤❛t✬s r❡❛❧ ✐♥ ❜❛tt❧❡s
❞r❛✇✐♥❣ ❡✈❡r②♦♥❡ t♦✇❛r❞s ❤✐♠s❡❧❢
tr✉❡ ❝❤❛♠♣✐♦♥ t♦ ❜❡ ❡♥❞♦✇❡❞ ✇✐t❤ ♦✛s♣r✐♥❣s✦
❲✐t❤ ❬t❤②❪ ❡♥❛❜❧✐♥❣ ♣♦✇❡rs
❞♦ t❤♦✉ ❝❛rr② ❡❛s✐❧② ❢♦rt❤✱ ❬❛❝r♦ss ♦❜st❛❝❧❡s❪✱
❬t❤♦s❡ ♠❡♥❪ ✇❤♦✱ ✉tt❡r✐♥❣ ❢♦r t❤❡❡ ✈❡rs❡s✱
❛r❡ ❝♦♥t✐♥✉❛❧❧② r❡✜♥✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡✐r❪ r❡s♦✉r❝❡❢✉❧♥❡ss✦
✖✖

✶ ❧✐t✳ ✏❝♦✇s✑
✷ ❤❡r❡ ❂ Soma ♣❧❛♥t ❥✉✐❝❡
✶✵✺✹

yáste sā´dhis..thó ′vase té syāma bháres.u te |

vayám. hótrābhirutá deváhūtibhih. sasavā´m . so manāmahe || 7 ||

ahám . yā´mi sádotı́bhih. |

. hı́ te harivo bráhma vājayúrājı́m
tvāmı́devá támáme sámaśvayúrgavyúrágre mathı̄nā´m || 8 ||
´
 ✶✵✺✺

✼✳ ❚❤♦✉ ❢❛✈♦✉r ❬❤✐♠❪✱ ✇❤♦ ✐s t❤❡ ♠♦st ❡✛❡❝t✐✈❡

❢♦r t❤❡❡ ❬t♦ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st t❤②s❡❧❢ ❪✳
▼✐❣❤t ✇❡ ❜❡ s✉❝❤ ❢♦r t❤❡❡ ✐♥ ❜❛tt❧❡s✦
❇② ❝❛❧❧✐♥❣ ♦✉t ✇❡ ✐♠❛❣✐♥❡ ❬♦✉rs❡❧✈❡s❪ ❬❛s❪
❤❛✈✐♥❣ ♦❜t❛✐♥❡❞ ❬t❤② ❤❡❧♣❪ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ deva✲✐♥✈♦❝❛t✐♦♥s✳
✽✳ ✏❙✐♥❝❡ ■✱ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ t❤❡ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱
❬❤❛✈❡ ♦❜t❛✐♥❡❞❪ ❛ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛ ❢♦r t❤❡❡✱
❖ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞✲❜②✲t❛✇♥②✲♦♥❡s ♦♥❡✱
❬❛♥❞❪ ❛❧✇❛②s ❥♦✉r♥❡② t♦ ❛ ✜❣❤t✐♥❣ ♠❛t❝❤
✇✐t❤ ❬t❤②❪ ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❤❡❧♣✐♥❣✱
❥✉st s✉❝❤ t❤❡❡ ✐♥❞❡❡❞ ✳✳✳
✸ ❬■✱❪ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ ❤♦rs❡s✱
s❡❡❦✐♥❣ ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s
✹
❬❝❛❧❧ ♦✉t ❧♦✉❞❧②❪ ❞✉r✐♥❣ ✈✐♦❧❡♥t ❛❣✐t❛t✐♦♥✱
✐♥ ❢r♦♥t ♦❢ tr♦✉❜❧❡✲♠❛❦❡rs✳✑

✸ ✇❤✐❧❡ ♣r♦♥♦✉♥❝✐♥❣ t❤✐s ❢♦r♠✉❧❛✱ ♦♥❡ s❤❛❧❧ ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❡ ❤❡r❡ ♠♦st r❡❧❡✈❛♥t t♦
❤✐♠ ❛s♣❡❝ts ♦r ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❛t✐♦♥s ♦❢ Indra
✹ ❧✐t✳ ✏❝♦✇s✑
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✽✳✺✹

Mātariśvan Kān.va | Br.hatı̄ ❛❧t❡r♥❛t✐♥❣ ✇✐t❤ Satobr.hatı̄ | t♦ Indra

etátta indra vı̄ryàm. gı̄rbhı́rgr.n.ánti kārávah. |

té stóbhanta ū´rjamāvanghr.taścútam . paurā´so naks.andhı̄tı́bhih. || 1 ||

náks.anta ı́ndramávase sukr.tyáyā yés.ām . sutés.u mándase |

yáthā sam
. varté ámado yáthā kr
. śá ev ´
ā smé indra matsva || 2 ||

ā´ no vı́śve sajós.aso dévāso gántanópa nah. |

vásavo rudrā´ ávase na ā´ gamañchr.n.vántu marúto hávam || 3 ||

pūs.ā´ vı́s.n.urhávanam
. me sárasvatyávantu saptá sı́ndhavah. |
ā´po vā´tah. párvatāso vánaspátih. śr.n.ótu pr.thiv´ı̄ hávam || 4 ||

yádindra rā´dho ásti te mā´ghonam

. maghavattama |
téna no bodhi sadhamā´dyo vr.dhé bhágo dānā´ya vr.trahan || 5 ||

ā´jipate nr.pate tvámı́ddhı́ no vā´ja ā´ vaks.i sukrato |

vı̄t´ı̄ hótrābhirutá devávı̄tibhih. sasavā´m
. so vı́ śr.n.vire || 6 ||

sánti hyàryá āśı́s.a ı́ndra ā´yurjánānām |

asmā´nnaks.asva maghavannúpā´vase dhuks.ásva pipyús.ı̄mı́s.am || 7 ||

vayám. ta indra stómebhirvidhema tvámasmā´kam

. śatakrato |
máhi sthūrám
. śaśayám
. r ´
ā dho áhrayam
.
práskan.vāya nı́ tośaya || 8 ||
 ✶✵✺✼

✶✳ ❚❤✐s t❤② ❞❡❡❞ ♦❢ ✈❛❧♦r✱ ❖ Indra✱

s✐♥❣❡rs ♦❢ ❡✉❧♦❣✐❡s ♣r❛✐s❡ ✇✐t❤ ❝❤❛♥ts❀
t❤❡②✱ ✉tt❡r✐♥❣ ❥♦②❢✉❧ s♦✉♥❞s✱ ♣r♦♠♦t❡ ♦♦③✐♥❣ ✇✐t❤ ❣❤❡❡ str❡♥❣t❤❀
t❤❡②✱ ❝❤❡r✐s❤✐♥❣ ❬✐t❪✱ s❤❛❧❧ ❛tt❛✐♥ ❬✐t❪
❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥s ❛♥❞ t❤❡✐r ❡✛❡❝ts✳
✷✳ ❲✐t❤ ❝♦rr❡❝t ❛❝t✐♦♥ t❤❡② ❛tt❛✐♥ Indra t♦ ❤❡❧♣ ❬t❤❡♠❪
✐♥ ✇❤♦s❡ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❬Soma❪ t❤♦✉ ❞❡❧✐❣❤t ✖
❛s t❤♦✉ ❡①✉❧t❡❞ ❛t Sam.varta✬s ❬♣❧❛❝❡❪✱ ❛s ❛t Kr.śa✬s✳
❏✉st ✐♥ t❤✐s ✇❛② ❞♦ ❡①✉❧t ❛t ♦✉r ❬♣❧❛❝❡❪✱ ❖ Indra✦
✸✳ ❬❈♦♠✐♥❣❪ t♦✇❛r❞s ✉s✱ ❛❧❧ ❛❝t✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❤❛r♠♦♥② ❬✇✐t❤ ❡❛❝❤ ♦t❤❡r❪✱
❖ deva✲s✱ ❞♦ ②❡ ✈✐s✐t ✉s✦
❇❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧ ♦♥❡s✱ Rudra✲s s❤❛❧❧ ❝♦♠❡ t♦ ❤❡❧♣ ✉s✳
▼❛② Marut✬s ❤❡❛r t❤❡ ❝❛❧❧✦
✹✳ ▼❛② Pūs.an✱ Vis.n.u✱ Sarasvatı̄✱
t❤❡ s❡✈❡♥ r✐✈❡rs ❢✉rt❤❡r ♠② ❝❤❛❧❧❡♥❣❡✦
❲❛t❡rs✱ t❤❡ ✇✐♥❞✱ ♠♦✉♥t❛✐♥s✱ ❣♦✈❡r♥❡❞ ❜② ❛ ♠♦t✐✈❡ ♦♥❡✱
♠❛② t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤ ❤❡❛r ❬♠②❪ ✐♥✈♦❝❛t✐♦♥✦
✺✳ ❲❤❛t ✐s ❢♦r t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Indra✱ t❤❡ s❛t✐s❢❛❝t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❬t❤②❪ ❞❡s✐r❡✱
❖ t❤❡ ♠♦st ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦❢ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡s✱
✇✐t❤ t❤❛t ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ♦✉r ❢❡❛st✐♥❣ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥ ✖ t♦ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥ ❬✉s❪✱
❛ ❣♦♦❞ ❢♦rt✉♥❡ ❢♦r ❛ ❣✐❢t✱ ❖ Vrtra✲s❧❛②❡r✦
✻✳ ❙✐♥❝❡ ♦♥❧② t❤♦✉✱ ❖ ♦✈❡rs❡❡r ♦❢. ✜❣❤t✐♥❣ ♠❛t❝❤❡s✱
♦✈❡rs❡❡r ♦❢ ♠❡♥✱
❤❛s ❝♦♥✈❡②❡❞ ✉s ✐♥t♦ t❤❡ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱
❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❣♦♦❞ ❞❡s✐❣♥s ♦♥❡✱
✇✐t❤ ❛ ❢✉❧❧ ❞r❛✉❣❤t ❬♦❢ Soma❪✱ ❜② ❝❛❧❧✐♥❣ ♦✉t✱ ❜② ❛r♦✉s✐♥❣ deva✲s
❤❛✈✐♥❣ ♦❜t❛✐♥❡❞ ❬t❤② ❤❡❧♣❪✱ t❤❡② ❤❛✈❡ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❢❛♠♦✉s✳
✼✳ ❙✐♥❝❡ t❤❡ ❜❧❡ss✐♥❣s ❛r❡ ✐♥ t♦✲❜❡✲❝♦♥❞✉❝t❡❞✲✉♣✇❛r❞s ♦♥❡ ✱✶
❬❛♥❞❪ t❤❡ ❧✐❢❡✲❢♦r❝❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❢♦❧❦s ❬✐s❪ ✐♥ Indra✱
❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤ ✉s✱ ❖ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡✱ ✐♥ ♦r❞❡r t♦ ❤❡❧♣✱
❞r❛✇ ♦✉t t❤❡ s✇❡❧❧✐♥❣ ❞r❛✉❣❤t✦
✽✳ ▼❛② ✇❡ ❤♦♥♦r t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Indra✱ ✇✐t❤ ❤②♠♥s ♦❢ ♣r❛✐s❡✱
t❤♦✉ ❬❛r❡❪ ♦✉rs✱ ❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ✇✐❧❡s ♦♥❡✦
❉♦ ❝❛✉s❡ ❣r❡❛t s✉❜st❛♥t✐❛❧ ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥t✱ ♥♦♥✲♠♦❞❡st
s❛t✐s❢❛❝t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❤✐s ❞❡s✐r❡ t♦ ❛♠❛ss ❢♦r Praskan.va✦

✶ Soma
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✽✳✺✾

Suparn.a Kān.va | Jagatı̄ | t♦ Indra ❛♥❞ Varun.a

imā´ni vām
. bhāgadhéyāni sisrata
ı́ndrāvarun.ā prá mahé sutés.u vām |
yajñéyajñe ha sávanā bhuran.yátho
yátsunvaté yájamānāya śı́ks.athah. || 1 ||

nis..sı́dhvarı̄rós.adhı̄rā´pa āstām
ı́ndrāvarun.ā mahimā´namā´śata |
yā´ sı́sratū rájasah. pāré ádhvano
yáyoh. śátrurnákirā´deva óhate || 2 ||

satyám . tádindrāvarun.ā kr.śásya vām .

mádhva ūrmı́m . duhate saptá vā´n.ı̄h. |
tā´bhirdāśvā´m
. samavatam. śubhaspatı̄
yó vāmádabdho abhı́ pā´ti cı́ttibhih. || 3 ||

ghr.taprús.ah. saumyā
´ jı̄rádānavah.
saptá svásārah. sádana .rtásya |
yā´ ha vāmindrāvarun.ā ghr.taścútas
tā´bhirdhattam . yájamānāya śiks.atam || 4 ||

ávocāma mahaté saubhagāya

´
satyám . tves
. ´
ā . mahimā´namindriyám |
bhyām
asmā´nsvindrāvarun.ā ghr.taścútas
trı́bhih. sāptébhiravatam. śubhaspatı̄ || 5 ||
 ✶✵✺✾

✶✳ ❚❤❡s❡ ❣✐✈✐♥❣ ❢♦rt✉♥❡ ❬❞r♦♣s❪ ✢♦✇ ❢♦rt❤ ❢♦r ②♦✉ t✇♦✱

❖ Indra✕Varun.a✱ t♦ ♠❛❣♥✐❢② ②♦✉ t✇♦ ❛t Soma ❧✐❜❛t✐♦♥s✳
❆t ❡✈❡r② ✜r❡ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣ ②♦✉ t✇♦ st✐r ✐♥st✐❣❛t✐♦♥s
✇❤❡♥ ②♦✉ t✇♦ ❛r❡ ❡❛❣❡r t♦ ❤❡❧♣ ♣r❡ss✐♥❣✲Soma s❛❝r✐✜❝❡r✳
✷✳ ❬❲❤❡♥ t❤♦s❡❪ t✇♦✱ ❖ Indra✕Varun.a✱
✇❡r❡ ❬❢♦r ✉s❪ ❛tt❛✐♥✐♥❣✲t❤❡✐r✲❛✐♠ ❤❡r❜s✱ ✇❛t❡rs✱
t❤❡②✶ ♦❜t❛✐♥❡❞ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ✐♥❝r❡❛s❡✲✐♥✲s✐③❡ ✖
❬t❤❡②❪ t✇♦ ✇❤♦ ❤❛✈❡ ❣❧✐❞❡❞ ♦♥t♦ t❤❡ ♦♣♣♦s✐t❡ s✐❞❡
♦❢ t❤❡ ♣❛t❤ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❛✐r② r❡❛❧♠✱
❬t❤❡②✱❪ t❤❡ t✇♦ ✇❤♦s❡ ♥♦ ❜❡✐♥❣✲✇✐t❤♦✉t✲deva✲s ❡♥❡♠②
♦❜s❡r✈❡s ❬t❤❡✐r ♣r❡s❡♥❝❡❪✳
✸✳ ❚❤❛t ❬✐s❪ tr✉❡✱ ❖ Indra✕Varun.a✱ ❢♦r ②♦✉ t✇♦ t❤❡ s❡✈❡♥ ♠❡❧♦❞✐❡s
❞r❛✇ ♦✉t ❛ ✇❛✈❡ ♦❢ ❤♦♥❡② ♦❢ t❤❡ s❧❡♥❞❡r ❬st❡♠❪✳
❲✐t❤ t❤❡♠✷ ✱ ❖ t✇♦ ♠❛st❡rs ♦❢ r❡✐♥❢♦r❝❡♠❡♥t✱
❞♦ ❛♥✐♠❛t❡ t❤❡ ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡r ✇❤♦✱ ✉♥✐♠♣❛✐r❡❞✱
❜❡❤♦❧❞s ②♦✉ t✇♦ ✇✐t❤ ❛tt❡♥t✐♦♥ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❬❛❝t✐✈❡❪ t❤♦✉❣❤ts✳
✹✳ ❙♣r✐♥❦❧✐♥❣✲❣❤❡❡ ❞❡❛❧✐♥❣✲✇✐t❤✲Soma q✉✐❝❦✲t♦✲❜❡st♦✇
s❡✈❡♥ s✐st❡rs✸ ❬❛r❡❪ ✐♥ t❤❡ s❡❛t ♦❢ .rta✱
❬t❤❡②✱❪ ✇❤♦ ❛r❡ ♦♦③✐♥❣ ❣❤❡❡ ❢♦r ②♦✉ t✇♦✱ ❖ Indra✕Varun.a✦
❇② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ t❤♦s❡ ❬✇❛t❡rs❪ ❞♦ ②♦✉ t✇♦
✐♠♣❛rt ❬t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡❪ t♦ t❤❡ ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡r✦ ❇❡ ❡❛❣❡r t♦ ❤❡❧♣✦
✺✳ ❋♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ ❣r❡❛t ❢♦rt✉♥❡✱ ✇❡ ❤❛✈❡ s♣♦❦❡♥ t❤❡ tr✉t❤✱
❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ t✇♦ ✈❡❤❡♠❡♥t ♦♥❡s
❬✇❡ ❤❛✈❡ ❡✛❡❝t❡❞ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ s♣❡❡❝❤❪
t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ✐♥❝r❡❛s❡ ✐♥ s✐③❡✱ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r ♦✈❡r ❛✛❡❝t✐♦♥s✳
❉♦ ✉s✱ ❬✇❤♦ ❛r❡❪ ♦♦③✐♥❣ ❣❤❡❡✱ ❛ ❢❛✈♦✉r✱
❖ Indra✕Varun.a✱ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ t❤r❡❡ ❬✉♣♣❡r ❝❛❦r❛s❪✱
✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ❤❡♣t❛❞❡s ❬♦❢ ✐♥♥❡r ✇❛t❡rs❪✱
❖ t✇♦ ♠❛st❡rs ♦❢ r❡✐♥❢♦r❝❡♠❡♥t✦

✶ ✐♥♥❡r ✇❛t❡rs
✷ t❤❡ ♠❡❧♦❞✐❡s
✸ ✐♥♥❡r ✇❛t❡rs ✖ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✹✳✹✷✳✹❛❜
✶✵✻✵

ı́ndrāvarun.ā yádr..sı́bhyo manı̄s.ā´m

.
vācó matı́m . śrutámadattamágre |
yā´ni sthā´nānyasr.janta dh´ı̄rā
yajñám. tanvānā´stápasābhyàpaśyam || 6 ||

ı́ndrāvarun.ā saumanasámádr.ptam .
. yájamānes.u dhattam |
rāyáspós.am
prajā´m . bhūtimasmā´su dhattam
. pus..tı́m .
´ . na ā´yuh. || 7 ||
dı̄rghāyutvāya prá tiratam
 ✶✵✻✶

✻✳ ❖ Indra✕Varun.a✱ t❤❛t ❛t t❤❡ ❜❡❣✐♥♥✐♥❣ ②♦✉ t✇♦ ❣❛✈❡ t♦ s❡❡rs

❛ ❝♦rr❡❝t ❝♦♥❝❡♣t✐♦♥ ✖ ♣❤r❛s❡s✱ ❛ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❣❡st✉r❡✱
t❤❡ ♦r❛❧ tr❛❞✐t✐♦♥✳
❬❛♥❞❪ ✇❤✐❝❤ st❛t✐♦♥s✱ t❤❡②✱ ❢❛❝✐❧✐t❛t✐♥❣ ❝♦♥t❡♠♣❧❛t✐♦♥s✱
❞✐❞ ❝❛st ✉♣♦♥ ❬t❤❡ ✐♥♥❡r Soma❪ ❬t❤✉s❪ ❡①t❡♥❞✐♥❣ t❤❡ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡✱
❬t❤❛t❪ ■ ❞♦ ♣❡r❝❡✐✈❡ t❤r♦✉❣❤ t❤❡ ❤❡❛t ❬♦❢ s♣✐r✐t✉❛❧ ♣r❛❝t✐❝❡s❪✳
✼✳ ❖ Indra✕Varun.a✱ ❞♦ ♣❧❛❝❡ ✐♥t♦ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡rs
♣❧❡❛s✐♥❣ ♥♦♥✲✈❛✐♥ ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥❝❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡✦
❉♦ ♣❧❛❝❡ ✐♥t♦ ✉s ♦✛s♣r✐♥❣s ♣r♦s♣❡r✐t② t❤r✐✈✐♥❣✦
❉♦ tr❛♥s❢❡r ❢♦rt❤ ♦✉r ❧✐❢❡✲❢♦r❝❡ ❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ ❧♦♥❣ ❧✐❢❡✦
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✽✳✻✶

Bharga Pragātha | Br.hatı̄ ❛❧t❡r♥❛t✐♥❣ ✇✐t❤ Satobr.hatı̄ | t♦ Indra

ubháyam . śr.n.ávacca na ı́ndro arvā´gidám

. vácah. |
satrā´cyā maghávā sómapı̄taye dhiyā´ śávis..tha ā´ gamat || 1 ||

. hı́ svarā´jam
tám . támójase dhis.án.e nis..tataks.átuh. |
. vr..sabhám
utópamā´nām
. prathamó nı́ .sı̄dasi sómakāmam. hı́ te mánah. || 2 ||

ā´ vr..sasva purūvaso sutásyendrā´ndhasah. |

vidmā´ hı́ tvā harivah. pr.tsú sāsahı́mádhr..s.tam
. ciddadhr..sván.im || 3 ||

áprāmisatya maghavantáthédasadı́ndra krátvā yáthā váśah. |

sanéma vā´jam
. táva śiprinnávasā maks.ū´ cidyánto adrivah. || 4 ||

śagdhyū` .sú śacı̄pata ı́ndra vı́śvābhirūtı́bhih. |

bhágam. ná hı́ tvā yaśásam . vasuvı́damánu śūra cárāmasi || 5 ||

pauró áśvasya purukŕ.dgávāmasyútso deva hiran.yáyah. |

nákirhı́ dā´nam
. parimárdhis.attvé yádyadyā´mi tádā´ bhara || 6 ||

. hyéhi cérave vidā´ bhágam

tvám . vásuttaye |
údvāvr..sasva maghavangávis..taya údindrā´śvamis..taye || 7 ||
 ✶✵✻✸

✶✳ ❙✐♥❝❡ Indra ✇♦✉❧❞ ❤❡❛r

t❤✐s ♦✉r ❞♦✉❜❧❡❬✲s✐❞❡❞❪ ✉tt❡r❛♥❝❡ ❢r♦♠ ❛ ❝❡rt❛✐♥ ♣♦✐♥t✱
❤❡✱ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♠♦st ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱
s❤❛❧❧ ❝♦♠❡ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ❤❡❧♣ ♦❢ ❛ ❝♦♥❝❡♥tr❛t❡❞ ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥ ❤❡r❡
t♦ ❞r✐♥❦ Soma✳
✷✳ ❙✐♥❝❡ ❤✐♠✱ ✇❤♦ ✐s s❡❧❢✲r✉❧✐♥❣✱ ❛♣♣❡❛r✐♥❣ ❛s ❛ ❜✉❧❧✱
❤✐♠ t❤❡ t✇♦ ❡✛♦rts t♦ ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❡ ❤❛✈❡ ❝❛r✈❡❞ ♦✉t
❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ ❛ ❢r❡♥③②✱
✶
✏❲♦✉❧❞ t❤♦✉ ✱ t❤❡ ✜rst ❛♠♦♥❣ ♠♦st ❡①❝❡❧❧❡♥t ♦♥❡s✱ s✐t ❞♦✇♥ ✖
s✐♥❝❡ t❤② ♠✐♥❞ ❬✐s❪ ❞❡s✐r♦✉s ♦❢ Soma✦✑
✸✳ P♦✉r ❢♦r t❤②s❡❧❢✱ ❖ ♦♥❡ ♦❢ ♠❛♥② ❜❡♥❡✜ts✱
❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ❤❡r❜ ❬Soma❪✱ ❖ Indra✱
❜❡❝❛✉s❡ ✇❡ ❢♦✉♥❞ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞✲❜②✲t❛✇♥②✲♦♥❡s ♦♥❡✱
t♦ ❤❛✈❡ ✇❛②s t♦ ♣r❡✈❛✐❧ ✐♥ ❜❛tt❧❡s✱
❬❛♥❞✱❪ t❤♦✉❣❤ ♥♦t✲t♦✲❜❡✐♥❣✲❞❛r❡❞✱ ❞❛r✐♥❣ t♦ ❛tt❛❝❦✳
✹✳ ❖ ✉♥❛❧t❡r❛❜❧② r❡❛❧✱ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡✦ ■t s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡ ❥✉st
❛s ❬t❤♦✉❪ ✇✐s❤ ✖ ❜❡❝❛✉s❡ ♦❢ ❬t❤②❪ r❡s♦✉r❝❡❢✉❧♥❡ss✱ ❖ Indra✦
❲❡ ♠✐❣❤t ❛tt❛✐♥ t❤❡ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r ✇✐t❤ t❤②✱
❖ s❡❧❡❝t✐✈❡ ♦♥❡✱ ❤❡❧♣✱
❡✈❡♥ ❬✐❢ ✇❡ ❛r❡❪ ♠♦✈✐♥❣ q✉✐❝❦❧②✱ ❖ st♦♥❡✲✇✐❡❧❞❡r✦
✺✳ ❇❡ ❬❢♦r ✉s❪
✷ q✉✐t❡ ♣♦t❡♥t✱ ❖ ♠❛st❡r ♦❢ ♠✐❣❤t② ❛ss✐st❛♥❝❡✱
❖ Indra✱ ✇✐t❤ ❛❧❧ ❬t❤②❪ s✐❞❡✲❡✛❡❝ts ✖
s✐♥❝❡ ✇❡ ❢♦❧❧♦✇ t❤❡❡ ✖ ❡st❡❡♠❡❞✱ ❦♥♦✇✐♥❣ ✇❤❛t✬s ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧ ✖
❖ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱ ❧✐❦❡ ❛ ❣♦♦❞ ❢♦rt✉♥❡✦
✻✳ ❚❤♦✉✱ ❞♦✐♥❣ ♠✉❝❤ ❢♦r ❛ ❤♦rs❡✱ ❢♦r ❝♦✇s✱ ❛r❡ s❛t✐❛t✐♥❣✱
❬❛r❡❪ ❛❜♦✉♥❞✐♥❣✲✐♥✲❣♦❧❞ s♣r✐♥❣✱ ❖ deva✦
❙✐♥❝❡ ♥♦ ♦♥❡ ✇♦✉❧❞ ♥❡❣❧❡❝t t❤❡ ❣✐❢t ❬t❤❛t ✐s❪ ✐♥ t❤❡❡ ✱
✸
✇❤❛t❡✈❡r ■ ✏❥♦✉r♥❡② t♦✑✱ ❜r✐♥❣ ❤❡r❡ t❤❛t✦
✼✳ ❏✉st ❝♦♠❡ ❤❡r❡ ❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ ❜❡❤❛✈✐♥❣ r❡s♣❡❝t❢✉❧❧② ♦♥❡✱
s♦ t❤❛t t❤♦✉ ✇✐❧❧ ✜♥❞
t❤❡ ❣♦♦❞ ❢♦rt✉♥❡ t♦ ❣r❛♥t ✇❤❛t✬s ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧✦
❚❤♦✉ s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ ♣♦✉r❡❞ ❬✐t❪ ♦✉t ❛♣❧❡♥t②✱ ❖ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡✱
❢♦r ❛ ❢♦r❛② ❢♦r ❝♦✇s✱
❬t❤♦✉ s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ ♣♦✉r❡❞ ✐t ♦✉t❪✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❛♣❧❡♥t②
❢♦r ❛ ❢♦r❛② ❢♦r ❛ ❤♦rs❡✳

✶ ✏t❤♦✉✑ ❤❡r❡ ❛❞❞r❡ss❡s ❜♦t❤ Indra ❛♥❞ ♣r❡s❡♥t ❛❞❡♣t ♦❢ Indra

✷ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✽✳✷✹✳✶✶❝
✸ t❤❛t ✐s✱ ✏✐♥ ❜❡✐♥❣ ✐♥ t❤❡ st❛t❡ ♦❢ Indra✑
✶✵✻✹

tvám. purū´ sahásrān.i śatā´ni ca yūthā´ dānā´ya mam . hase |

ā´ puram
. darám. cakr. ma vı́pravacasa ı́ndram . g ´
ā yantó ′
vase || 8 ||

avipró vā yádávidhadvı́pro vendra te vácah. |

sá prá mamandattvāyā´ śatakrato prā´cāmanyo áham
. sana || 9 ||

ugrábāhurmraks.akŕ.tvā puram . daró yádi me śr.n.ávaddhávam |

vasūyávo vásupatim
. śatákratum. stómairı́ndram . havāmahe || 10 ||

ná pāpā´so manāmahe nā´rāyāso ná já..dhavah. |

yádı́nnvı́ndram. vŕ..san.am . kr.n.ávāmahai || 11 ||
. sácā suté sákhāyam

ugrám . yuyujma pŕ.tanāsu sāsahı́mr.n.ákātimádābhyam |

. citsánitā rath´ı̄tamo vājı́nam
védā bhr.mám . yámı́dū náśat || 12 ||

yáta indra bháyāmahe táto no ábhayam . kr.dhi |

mághavañchagdhı́ táva tánna ūtı́bhirvı́ dvı́s.o vı́ mŕ.dho jahi || 13 ||

tvám. hı́ rādhaspate rā´dhaso maháh. ks.áyasyā´si vidhatáh. |

tám
. tvā vayám. maghavannindra girvan.ah.
sutā´vanto havāmahe || 14 ||
 ✶✵✻✺

✽✳ ■♥ ♦r❞❡r t♦ ❣✐✈❡✱ t❤♦✉ ✐♥❝r❡❛s❡

♠❛♥② ❤✉♥❞r❡❞s ❛♥❞ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞s ♦❢ ❤❡r❞s✳
❲❡ ❤❛✈❡ ♣r❡♣❛r❡❞ ❢♦r ❛ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡ t❤❡ str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞✲❜r❡❛❦❡r
✹
✺
♦❢ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ✐s ✐♥s♣✐r✐♥❣ ❜② ✉tt❡r❛♥❝❡s✱
❝❤❛♥t✐♥❣ t♦ Indra ❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ ❬❤✐s❪ ❤❡❧♣✳
✾✳ ❲❤❡t❤❡r ♥♦t✲✐♥✇❛r❞❧②✲❡①❝✐t❡❞ ♦♥❡ ♦r ✐♥✇❛r❞❧②✲❡①❝✐t❡❞ ♦♥❡
♦✛❡r❡❞ t♦ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❛♥ ✉tt❡r❛♥❝❡✱
❤❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡ s♣♦rt✐♥❣ ❢♦r t❤② s❛❦❡✱ ❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ✇✐❧❡s ♦♥❡✱
❖ ❬t❤♦✉❪ ✇❤♦s❡ ❛♥❣❡r ✐s ❞✐r❡❝t❡❞ ✐♥t♦ t❤❡ ❢✉t✉r❡ ✱
✻
❖ ❬t❤♦✉✱❪ ♣r♦❝✉r✐♥❣ ♦♥❡✬s ✐♥❞✐✈✐❞✉❛❧✐t②✦
✶✵✳ ■❢ ❬♦♥❧②❪ t❤❡ ❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s✲✇✐t❤✲❤✐s✲❛r♠s✱ ♣❡r❢♦r♠✐♥❣ ✏❣r✐♥❞✲❞♦✇♥✑✱
❜r❡❛❦❡r ♦❢ str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞s ✇♦✉❧❞ ❤❡❛r ♠② ❝❛❧❧✦
✏❙❡❡❦✐♥❣ ❜❡♥❡✜ts✱ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❤②♠♥s ♦❢ ♣r❛✐s❡ ✇❡ ❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥
t❤❡ ♦✈❡rs❡❡r ♦❢ ❜❡♥❡✜ts ✖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ✇✐❧❡s Indra✦✑ ✼
✶✶✳ ❲❡ ❞♦ ♥♦t ❝♦♥s✐❞❡r ❬♦✉rs❡❧✈❡s❪ ❬t♦ ❜❡❪ ✇✐❝❦❡❞✱
♥♦r st✐♥❣②✱ ♥♦r ❞✉❧❧✱
✐❢ ❥✉st ♥♦✇ ✇❡ s❤❛❧❧ ♠❛❦❡ ❜✉❧❧ Indra
✐♥ t❤❡ ♣r❡s❡♥❝❡ ♦❢ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❬Soma❪ ❬♦✉r❪ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥✳
✶✷✳ ❲❡ ❤❛✈❡ ❡♥❣❛❣❡❞ t❤❡ ❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s✱
❤❛✈✐♥❣ ✇❛②s t♦ ♣r❡✈❛✐❧ ✐♥ ❜❛tt❧❡s✱
❞❡s✐r✐♥❣ ✇❤❛t✬s ❞✉❡ ❬t♦ ❤✐♠❪✱ ♥♦t✲t♦✲❜❡✲❞❡❝❡✐✈❡❞ ♦♥❡✳
❖❜t❛✐♥✐♥❣❬✲t❤❡ ♣r✐③❡❪ ❜❡st ❝❤❛r✐♦t❡❡r ❤❛s ❢♦✉♥❞
❝❛♣❛❜❧❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r ❬❝❤❛r✐♦t❪
❬✇❤✐❝❤ ✐s❪ ❛❧s♦ ❡♥❞❡❛✈♦r✐♥❣ ❬t♦ ❡♠♣❧♦② ✐t❪ ✖
❬t❤❛t ❝❤❛r✐♦t❪ ✇❤✐❝❤ ❤❡ s❤❛❧❧ ♦❜t❛✐♥✳
✶✸✳ ❲❤❛t❡✈❡r ✇❡ ❛r❡ ❛❢r❛✐❞ ♦❢✱ ❖ Indra✱
❡✛❡❝t ❢♦r ✉s ❢❡❛r❧❡ss♥❡ss ❢♦r t❤❛t✦
❖ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡✱ ❡♥❛❜❧❡ ❢♦r ✉s t❤❛t ♦❢ t❤❡❡
✇✐t❤ ❬t❤②❪ s✐❞❡✲❡✛❡❝ts✦
❉✐s♣❡rs❡ ❤❛tr❡❞s✱ ✐♥❤✐❜✐t✐♦♥s✦
✶✹✳ ❙✐♥❝❡ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ ♠❛st❡r ♦❢ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❧✐s❤♠❡♥t ♦❢ ❬♦♥❡✬s❪ ❞❡s✐r❡s✱
❜❡❝❛✉s❡ ♦❢ ❛♥ ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥t s❛t✐s❢❛❝t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❬t❤②❪ ❞❡s✐r❡
❞✇❡❧❧ ✐♥ ❛❜♦❞❡ ♦❢ ❤♦♥♦r✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡❡ ♠❛♥❪✱
s✉❝❤ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ❧♦♥❣✐♥❣ ❢♦r ❛ ❝❤❛♥t Indra✱
✇❡✱ ✐♥ ♣♦ss❡ss✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❬Soma❪✱ ❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥✳
✽

✹ Indra
✺ ❛❞❡♣t ♦❢ Indra
✻ ❧✐t✳ ✏❢✉rt❤❡r ✇❛r❞✑
✼ t❤❡ ❧❛st t✇♦ ❧✐♥❡s ❛r❡ t❤❡ s❛♠❡ ❛s ✽✳✺✷✳✻❝❞
✽ t❤❡s❡ t✇♦ ❧✐♥❡s ❛r❡ t❤❡ s❛♠❡ ❛s ✽✳✺✶✳✻❝❞
✶✵✻✻

ı́ndra spá..dutá vr.trahā´ paraspā´ no váren.yah. |

sá no raks.is.accaramám . sá madhyamám .
sá paścā´tpātu nah. puráh. || 15 ||

tvám. nah. paścā´dadharā´duttarā´tpurá ı́ndra nı́ pāhi viśvátah. |

āré asmátkr.n.uhi dáıvyam. bhayámāré het´ı̄rádevı̄h. || 16 ||

adyā´dyā śváh.śva ı́ndra trā´sva paré ca nah. |

vı́śvā ca no jarit.´r̄nsatpate áhā dı́vā náktam
. ca raks.is.ah. || 17 ||

prabhaṅg´ı̄ śū´ro maghávā tuv´ı̄maghah. sámmiślo viryā`ya kám |

ubhā´ te bāhū´ vŕ..san.ā śatakrato nı́ yā´ vájram
. mimiks.átuh. || 18 ||
 ✶✵✻✼

✶✺✳ Indra ❬✐s❪ ❛ s❝♦✉t ❛♥❞ Vr.tra✲s❧❛②❡r✱

♣r♦t❡❝t✐♥❣✲❜❡②♦♥❞✱ ❬❤❡ ✐s❪ ❢♦r ✉s t♦✲❜❡✲♣r❡❢❡rr❡❞ ❬t♦ ♦t❤❡rs❪✳
❬❇❡✐♥❣❪ s✉❝❤✱ ❤❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❣✉❛r❞ t❤❛t ♦♥❡ ♦❢ ✉s ❬✇❤♦ ✐s❪ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❡❞❣❡✱
❬❛♥❞❪ t❤❛t ♦♥❡ ❬✇❤♦ ✐s❪ ✐♥ t❤❡ ♠✐❞st ❬♦❢ tr♦✉❜❧❡s❪✳
▼❛② ❤❡ ♣r♦t❡❝t ✉s ❢r♦♠ ❜❡❤✐♥❞ ❬❛♥❞❪ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ❢r♦♥t✦
✶✻✳ ❉♦ t❤♦✉ ✇❛t❝❤ ♦✈❡r ✉s✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❢r♦♠ ❜❡❤✐♥❞✱ ❢r♦♠ ❜❡❧♦✇✱
❢r♦♠ ❛❜♦✈❡✱ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ❢r♦♥t ✖ ♦♥ ❛❧❧ s✐❞❡s✦
▼❛❦❡ ❞✐✈✐♥❡ t❡rr♦r ❬t♦ ❜❡❪ ❢❛r ❛✇❛② ❢r♦♠ ✉s✱
❢❛r ❛✇❛② ♥♦♥✲❞✐✈✐♥❡ ♠✐ss✐❧❡✦
✶✼✳ ❉❛②✲❛❢t❡r✲❞❛② ❛♥❞ ♥❡①t ❞❛② ❛♥❞ ❛❢t❡r✇❛r❞s
❞♦ ♣r❡s❡r✈❡ ✉s✱ ❖ Indra✦
❚❤r♦✉❣❤ ❛❧❧ t❤❡ ❞❛②s✱ ❖ ♦✈❡rs❡❡r ♦❢ ✇❤❛t✬s r❡❛❧✱
❜② ❞❛② ❛♥❞ ❜② ♥✐❣❤t
t❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ ❣✉❛r❞ ♦✉r ♣r❛✐s❡rs✦
✶✽✳ ❙❤❛tt❡r✐♥❣ ❬♦❜st❛❝❧❡s❪✱ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s✱
❤❛✈✐♥❣ ♠❛♥② ❣✐❢ts ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡
❬✐s❪ ❝♦♠♠✐♥❣❧✐♥❣ ❬✐♥♥❡r ✇❛t❡rs❪ ❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢✱ ✇❡❧❧✱
t❤❡ ✈❛❧♦r✳
❇♦t❤ t❤② ❛r♠s✱ ❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ✇✐❧❡s ♦♥❡✱
✇❤✐❝❤ ✇✐❡❧❞ t❤❡ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✱ ❛r❡ ❜✉❧❧✲❧✐❦❡✳ ✾

✾ t❤✐s st❛♥③❛ ❛❞❞r❡ss❡s✱ ✐t s❡❡♠s✱ t❤❡ ❛❞❡♣t ♦❢ Indra ♠❡♥t✐♦♥❡❞ ✐♥ st❛♥③❛s ✷

❛♥❞ ✽✳
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✽✳✻✷

Pragātha Kān.va | ✶✕✻✱ ✶✵✕✶✷ Paṅktı̄✱ ✼✕✾ Br.hatı̄ | t♦ Indra

pró asmā úpastutim. bháratā yájjújos.ati |

uktháırı́ndrasya mā´hinam . váyo vardhanti somı́no
bhadrā´ ı́ndrasya rātáyah. || 1 ||

ayujó ásamo nŕ.bhirékah. kr..s.t´ı̄rayā´syah. |

pūrv´ı̄ráti prá vāvr.dhe vı́śvā jātā´nyójasā
bhadrā´ ı́ndrasya rātáyah. || 2 ||

áhitena cidárvatā jı̄rádānuh. sis.āsati |

pravā´cyamindra táttáva vı̄ryā`n.i karis.yató
bhadrā´ ı́ndrasya rātáyah. || 3 ||

ā´ yāhi kr.n.ávāma ta ı́ndra bráhmān.i várdhanā |

yébhih. śavis..tha cākáno bhadrámihá śravasyaté
bhadrā´ ı́ndrasya rātáyah. || 4 ||

dhr..satáściddhr..sánmánah. kr.n.ós.ı̄ndra yáttvám |

tı̄vráıh. sómaih. saparyató námobhih. pratibhū´.sato
bhadrā´ ı́ndrasya rātáyah. || 5 ||

áva cas..ta .ŕcı̄s.amo ′vatā´m̃

. iva mā´nus.ah. |
jus..tv´ı̄ dáks.asya somı́nah. sákhāyam . kr.n.ute yújam
.
bhadrā´ ı́ndrasya rātáyah. || 6 ||
 ✶✵✻✾

✶✳ ❉♦ ②❡ ❜r✐♥❣ ❢♦r✇❛r❞ ❢♦r t❤✐s ♦♥❡ ❛♥ ✐♥✈✐t❛t♦r② ♣r❛✐s❡

s♦ t❤❛t ❤❡ ❬✇♦✉❧❞❪ ❡♥❥♦② ❬✐t❪✦
❖✛❡r✐♥❣ Soma ❬❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s❪ ❛✉❣♠❡♥t ✶
✇✐t❤ r❡❝✐t❡❞ ✈❡rs❡s Indra✬s ❣❧❛❞s♦♠❡ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❛♥❞ ❜♦❞✐❧② ✈✐❣♦✉r✳
❆✉s♣✐❝✐♦✉s ❛r❡ Indra✬s ❣✐❢ts✦
✷✳ ❯♥❥♦✐♥❡❞ ✉♥❡q✉❛❧❡❞ ❜② ♠❡♥✱
❤❡✱ ❛❧♦♥❡ ❬❜✉t❪ ❞❡①t❡r♦✉s✱
❤❛s ❣❛✐♥❡❞ ✐♥ str❡♥❣t❤ ❜❡②♦♥❞ ♠❛♥② tr✐❜❡s✱
❬❜❡②♦♥❞❪ ❛❧❧ ❝r❡❛t✉r❡s ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❛ ❢r❡♥③②✳
❆✉s♣✐❝✐♦✉s ❛r❡ Indra✬s ❣✐❢ts✦
✸✳ ❲❤❡♥ ❡✈❡♥ ✇✐t❤ ❛♥ ✉♥♣r❡♣❛r❡❞ ❝♦✉rs❡r✱
❤❡✱ q✉✐❝❦✲t♦✲❜❡st♦✇✱ s❡❡❦s t♦ ♣r♦❝✉r❡ ❬t❤❡ ♣r✐③❡❪✳
❚❤❛t ♦❢ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❬✐s❪ t♦ ❜❡ ♣r♦❝❧❛✐♠❡❞ ✖
❞❡❡❞s ♦❢ ✈❛❧♦r ②♦✉ t✇♦ ✇✐❧❧ ♣❡r❢♦r♠✳
❆✉s♣✐❝✐♦✉s ❛r❡ Indra✬s ❣✐❢ts✦
✹✳ ❏♦✉r♥❡② ❤❡r❡✦ ❲❡ s❤❛❧❧ ♣❡r❢♦r♠ ❢♦r t❤❡❡✱
❖ Indra✱ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥✐♥❣ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥s
✇❤✐❝❤ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♠♦st ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡ ♦♥❡✱
✇✐❧❧ ❡♥❥♦② ❛❣❛✐♥ ❛♥❞ ❛❣❛✐♥✳
❬❚❤❡r❡ ✐s❪ ❛♥ ❛✉s♣✐❝✐♦✉s st❛t❡ ♦❢ ♠✐♥❞ ✐♥ t❤✐s
❢♦r ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ❡♠♣❧♦②s ❛✉❞✐t♦r② ✐♠♣r❡ss✐♦♥s✳
❆✉s♣✐❝✐♦✉s ❛r❡ Indra✬s ❣✐❢ts✦
✺✳ ❚❤❡ ♠✐♥❞s❡t ♦❢ ❡✈❡♥ ❛ ❞❡✜❛♥t ♦♥❡ ✖
❬t❤❡ ♠✐♥❞s❡t✱❪ ✇❤✐❝❤ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❝r❡❛t❡ ✖ ✐s ❞❡✜❛♥t✱
❬t❤❡ ♠✐♥❞s❡t❪ ♦❢ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ✐s ❛tt❡♥❞✐♥❣ ❬t♦ t❤❡❡❪
✇✐t❤ ♣✉♥❣❡♥t Soma ❞r♦♣s✱
♦❢ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ❤♦♥♦rs ❬t❤❡❡❪ r❡✈❡r❡♥t❧②✳
❆✉s♣✐❝✐♦✉s ❛r❡ Indra✬s ❣✐❢ts✦
✻✳ ❍❡✱ ✇❤♦ ✐s s♦✉❣❤t ✇✐t❤ ❛ ✈❡rs❡✱
❧♦♦❦s ❞♦✇♥ ❛s ❛ ❤✉♠❛♥ ❬❧♦♦❦s❪ ❛t ✇❡❧❧s✳
❇❡✐♥❣ s❛t✐s✜❡❞ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r ♦❢ ❞✐s❝❡r♥♠❡♥t ♦❢ ❤✐♠✱
✇❤♦ ❡♠♣❧♦②s Soma✱
❤❡ ♠❛❦❡s t❤❡ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥ ❤❛r♥❡ss❡❞ ✳ ✷
❆✉s♣✐❝✐♦✉s ❛r❡ Indra✬s ❣✐❢ts✦

✶ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✽✳✹✺✳✶✻❛❜

✷ t❤❛t ✐s✱ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥✬s ❜♦❞② ❡♥t❡rs t❤❡ st❛t❡ ♦❢ Indra
✶✵✼✵

. devā´ ánu krátum

vı́śve ta indra vı̄ryàm . daduh. |
bhúvo vı́śvasya gópatih. purus..tuta
bhadrā´ ı́ndrasya rātáyah. || 7 ||

gr.n.é tádindra te śáva upamám . devátātaye |

yáddhám . si vr.trámójasā śacı̄pate
bhadrā´ ı́ndrasya rātáyah. || 8 ||

sámaneva vapus.yatáh. kr.n.ávanmā´nus.ā yugā´ |

vidé tádı́ndraścétanamádha śrutó
bhadrā´ ı́ndrasya rātáyah. || 9 ||

újjātámindra te śáva úttvā´múttáva krátum |

bhū´rigo bhū´ri vāvr.dhurmághavantáva śárman.i
bhadrā´ ı́ndrasya rātáyah. || 10 ||

ahám. ca tvám . ca vr.trahansám. yujyāva sanı́bhya ā´ |

´ ′
arātı̄vā cidadrivó nu nau śūra mam. sate
bhadrā´ ı́ndrasya rātáyah. || 11 ||

satyámı́dvā´ u tám
. vayámı́ndram . stavāma nā´nr.tam |
´
mahām̃ ´
. ásunvato vadhó bhūri jyótı̄m. .si sunvató
bhadrā´ ı́ndrasya rātáyah. || 12 ||
 ✶✵✼✶

✼✳ ❋♦❧❧♦✇✐♥❣ ❬t❤②❪ ❞❡s✐❣♥s✱ ❖ Indra✱

❛❧❧ deva✲s ❤❛✈❡ ✐♠♣❛rt❡❞ t♦ t❤❡❡ ✈❛❧♦r✱
t❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ t❤❡ ❝❤✐❡❢ ♦❢ ❛❧❧✱
✸
❖ ♠✉❝❤✲❡✉❧♦❣✐③❡❞ ♦♥❡✦
❆✉s♣✐❝✐♦✉s ❛r❡ Indra✬s ❣✐❢ts✦
✽✳ ❚❤❛t t❤②✱ ❖ Indra✱ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡ ✐s ❡①t♦❧❧❡❞
❬❛s❪ t❤❡ ♠♦st ❡①❝❡❧❧❡♥t ❢♦r ❬❜❡✐♥❣ ✐♥❪ t❤❡ ♣r❡s❡♥❝❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❞✐✈✐♥❡✳
❲❤❡♥ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❢r❡♥③② t❤♦✉ s❧❛② Vr.tra✱
❖ ♠❛st❡r ♦❢ ♠✐❣❤t② ❛ss✐st❛♥❝❡✱
❛✉s♣✐❝✐♦✉s ❛r❡ Indra✬s ❣✐❢ts✦
✾✳ ❙✐♥❝❡ ❤❡ ✇♦✉❧❞ ❝r❡❛t❡ ✖ ❧✐❦❡ ❬❤❡ ❝r❡❛t❡s❪ ❝♦♥✢✐❝ts ✖
t❤♦s❡ t❤r♦✉❣❤♦✉t ❤✉♠❛♥ ❧✐❢❡s♣❛♥ ✇❤♦ ♠❛r✈❡❧ ❛t ❬❤✐♠❪✱
Indra ❦♥♦✇s t❤❛t ❬❛s❪ ♥♦t❛❜❧❡❀
t❤❡r❡❢♦r❡ ❬❤❡ ✐s❪ ❢❛♠❡❞✳
❆✉s♣✐❝✐♦✉s ❛r❡ Indra✬s ❣✐❢ts✦
✶✵✳ ■♥ t❤❡ s❤❡❧t❡r ♦❢ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡✱
t❤❡② ❤❛✈❡ ❢r❡q✉❡♥t❧② ✐♥❝r❡❛s❡❞ t❤②✱ ❖ Indra✱
♠❛♥✐❢❡st❡❞ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱
✹
t❤❡❡✱ t❤② r❡s♦✉r❝❡❢✉❧♥❡ss✱ ❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ♠✉❝❤ ♦♥❡✦
❆✉s♣✐❝✐♦✉s ❛r❡ Indra✬s ❣✐❢ts✦
✶✶✳ ■ ❛♥❞ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ Vr.tra✲s❧❛②❡r✱
♠✐❣❤t ❡♥❣❛❣❡ ❤❡r❡ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ r❡✇❛r❞s ✖
❡✈❡♥ s♦♠❡♦♥❡ ✇❤♦ ✐s ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② t❤❡ ❤♦❧❞✐♥❣ ❜❛❝❦ ♦♥❡✱
❖ st♦♥❡✲✇✐❡❧❞❡r✱
✇♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ ❛♣♣r♦✈❡❞ ✉s t✇♦✱ ❖ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✦
❆✉s♣✐❝✐♦✉s ❛r❡ Indra✬s ❣✐❢ts✦
✶✷✳■♥❞❡❡❞ ❥✉st s✉❝❤ Indra✱ r❡❛❧✱
✇❡ ♣r❛✐s❡✱ ♥♦t ❛ ❝❤❡❛t✐♥❣ ♦♥❡✳
▼✐❣❤t②✱ ❤❡ ✐s ❛ ❞❡str✉❝t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❛ ♥♦♥✲♣r❡ss✐♥❣❬✲Soma❪ ♦♥❡✱
❬❛♥❞✱❪ ♦❢t❡♥ ❬❣✉✐❞✐♥❣❪ ❧✐❣❤ts ♦❢ ❛ ♣r❡ss✐♥❣❬✲Soma❪ ♦♥❡✳
❆✉s♣✐❝✐♦✉s ❛r❡ Indra✬s ❣✐❢ts✦

✸ ❧✐t✳ ❝♦✇❤❡r❞
✹ ❧✐t✳ ✏❜♦r♥✑
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✽✳✻✸

Pragātha Kān.va | ✷✱✸✱✻✱✽✕✶✶ Gāyatrı̄✱ ✶✱✹✱✺✱✼ Anus..thubh✱ ✶✷ Tris..thubh

| t♦ Indra

sá pūrvyó mahā´nām. venáh. krátubhirānaje |

yásya dvā´rā mánus.pitā´ devés.u dhı́ya ānajé || 1 ||

divó mā´nam. nótsadansómapr..s.thāso ádrayah. |

ukthā´ bráhma ca śám
. syā || 2 ||

sá vidvā´m̃
. áṅgirobhya ı́ndro gā´ avr.n.odápa |
stus.é tádasya paum´ . syam || 3 ||

sá pratnáthā kavivr.dhá ı́ndro vākásya vaks.án.ih. |

śivó arkásya hómanyasmatrā´ gantvávase || 4 ||

ā´dū nú te ánu krátum . svā´hā várasya yájyavah. |

śvātrámarkā´ anūs.aténdra gotrásya dāváne || 5 ||

ı́ndre vı́śvāni vı̄ryā` kr.tā´ni kártvāni ca |

yámarkā´ adhvarám . vidúh. || 6 ||

yátpā´ñcajanyayā viśéndre ghós.ā ásr.ks.ata |

ástr.n.ādbarhán.ā vipò ′ryó mā´nasya sá ks.áyah. || 7 ||
 ✶✵✼✸

✶✳ ❍❡✱ ♣❡❡r❧❡ss ❛♠♦♥❣ t❤❡ ♠✐❣❤t② ♦♥❡s✱ ❡❛❣❡r✱

❤❛s ❛♥♦✐♥t❡❞ ❤✐♠s❡❧❢ ✇✐t❤ ❬✈❛r✐♦✉s❪ ❞❡s✐❣♥s✱
❬❤❡✱❪ ♦✈❡r ✇❤♦s❡ ❞♦♦rs ✐♥t❡❧❧✐❣❡♥t ❢❛t❤❡r ✶
❤❛s s♠❡❛r❡❞ ❢♦r ❤✐♠s❡❧❢ ✈✐s✐♦♥s✳
✷✳ ❍❛✈✐♥❣ Soma ❛t t❤❡✐r ❜❛s❡ st♦♥❡s
✷ ✸
s❤❛❧❧ s❡tt❧❡ ✉♣✇❛r❞s ✐♥ ❧✐❦❡♥❡ss ♦❢ s❦② ✳ ✹
❱❡rs❡s ❛♥❞ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥ ❬❛r❡❪ t♦ ❜❡ r❡❝✐t❡❞✳
✸✳ ❙✉❝❤ ✖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❢♦✉♥❞ ❬t❤✉s r❛✐s❡❞ Soma❪ ✖ Indra
❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ aṅgiras✲❡s ✉♥❝♦✈❡r❡❞ ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s ✳ ✺
■ ❡①t♦❧ t❤❛t ❤✐s ♠❛♥❧② ❞❡❡❞✳
✖✖
✹✳ ❙✉❝❤ ✖ ❛s ♦❢ ♦❧❞ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥✐♥❣ ♣♦❡ts ✖
Indra ❬✐s❪ ♠❛❦✐♥❣ str♦♥❣❡r ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ✐s s♣❡❛❦✐♥❣❀
❞✉r✐♥❣ ❝♦♥t✐♥✉♦✉s ♦✛❡r✐♥❣ ♦❢ ❛ ❤②♠♥ ♦❢ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t✐♦♥✱
♠❛② ❤❡✱ ❞❡str♦②✐♥❣ r❡❛❝t✐✈❡ ✐♠♣✉❧s✐✈❡♥❡ss✱
❝♦♠❡ t♦ ✉s ✐♥ ♦r❞❡r t♦ ❤❡❧♣✦
✺✳ ◆♦✇ t❤❡♥ ❢♦r t❤❡❡✱ ❢♦❧❧♦✇✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❞❡s✐❣♥✱
t❤♦s❡ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ t♦ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡ ❬✉tt❡r❪ svāhā ♦❢ t❤❡ r❡q✉❡st✳
❬❚❤❡✐r❪ ❤②♠♥s ♦❢ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t✐♦♥ ❤❛✈❡ ❢♦✉♥❞ t❤❡✐r ✇❛②
t♦ t❤❡ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥✐♥❣ ❞r✐♥❦✱
❖ Indra✱ ✐♥ ♦r❞❡r ❬❢♦r t❤❡❡❪ t♦ ❣✐✈❡ ❬t❤❡♠❪ ❛ ❧✐♥❡❛❣❡✳
✖✖
✻✳ ❆❧❧ ❞❡❡❞s ♦❢ ✈❛❧♦r ❬✇❡r❡❪ ❞♦♥❡ ❛♥❞ ❬✇✐❧❧❪ ❜❡✲❞♦♥❡
✐♥ ❬t❤❡ st❛t❡ ♦❢❪ Indra✱
✇❤♦♠ ❤②♠♥s ♦❢ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t✐♦♥
❝♦♥s✐❞❡r ❛s ❢❛❝✐❧✐t❛t✐♥❣ t❤❡ ✇❛② ❬t♦ t❤♦s❡ ❞❡❡❞s❪✳
✼✳ ❲❤❡♥ ❜❛tt❧❡✲❝r✐❡s ❧❡t t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s ✢②
t❤r♦✉❣❤♦✉t tr✐❜❡ t❤❛t ✐s ♦♥❡ ♦❢ ✜✈❡ tr✐❜❡s ❬❛♥❞❪ ✐♥t♦ Indra✱
✐t ❝❡rt❛✐♥❧② ❞✐❞ s♣r❡❛❞ s❤✐✈❡rs✳
❍❡ ❬✐s t❤❡♥❪
✻
t❤❡ ❛❜♦❞❡ ♦❢ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❛❝t✐✈✐t② ♦❢ t❤❡ r✐s✐♥❣ ✉♣✇❛r❞s ♦♥❡ ✳ ✼
✖✖

✶ ✐♥♥❡r Soma
✷ ❛r❡❛ ♦❢ ❧♦✇❡r t❤♦r❛❝✐❝ ✈❡rt❡❜r❛❡
✸ ❂ ✏✢♦❛t✐♥❣ r✐❜s✑
✹ t❤✐s s❡❡♠s t♦ r❡❢❡r t♦ ♣❡r❢♦r♠❛♥❝❡ ♦❢ Ud.d.ı̄yana bandha
✺ ❧✐t✳ ✏❝♦✇s✑
✻ Indra
✼ ✐♥♥❡r Soma
✶✵✼✹

iyámu te ánus..tutiścakr..sé tā´ni paum

´ . syā |
prā´vaścakrásya vartanı́m || 8 ||

asyá vŕ..sn.o vyódana urú kramis..ta jı̄váse |

yávam. ná paśvá ā´ dade || 9 ||

táddádhānā avasyávo yus.mā´bhirdáks.apitarah. |

syā´ma marútvato vr.dhé || 10 ||

bá..dr.tvı́yāya dhā´mna .ŕkvabhih. śūra nonumah. |

jés.āmendra tváyā yujā´ || 11 ||

asmé rudrā´ mehánā párvatāso

vr.trahátye bhárahūtau sajós.āh. |
. sate stuvaté dhā´yi pajrá
yáh. śám
ı́ndrajyes..thā asmā´m̃
. avantu devā´h. || 12 ||
 ✶✵✼✺

✽✳ ❍❡r❡ ✐s t❤❡ ❡♥s✉✐♥❣ ♣r❛✐s❡ ♦❢ t❤❡❡✱

✏❚❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ❞♦♥❡ t❤❡s❡ ♠❛♥❧② ❞❡❡❞s✱
t❤♦✉ ❞✐❞ ❢❛✈♦✉r t❤❡ tr❛❝❦ ♦❢ t❤❡ ✇❤❡❡❧✳✑
✾✳ ❆t t❤✐s ❜✉❧❧✬s ❜✉r♥✲♦✉t ❤❡
✽
s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ ♠❛❞❡ ❛ ✇✐❞❡ st❡♣ ❬❢♦r t❤❡ ❜✉❧❧❪ t♦ ❧✐✈❡✳
❍❡
✾ ❤❛s ❛❝❝❡♣t❡❞ ❬✐t❪ ❛s t❡t❤❡r❡❞ ❛♥✐♠❛❧s ❬❛❝❝❡♣t❪ ❜❛r❧❡②✳
✶✵✳ ❲❡✱ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ ❤❡❧♣✱ ❬❛r❡❪ ♦❜t❛✐♥✐♥❣ t❤❛t✳
❚♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ②❡ ❬✇❡ ❤❛✈❡❪ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r ♦❢ ❞✐s❝❡r♥♠❡♥t ❛s
❬♦✉r❪ ❢❛t❤❡r
✶✵ ❬❤❛s❪❀
t♦ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥ ❬✉s❪✱ ♠✐❣❤t ✇❡ ❜❡ ❛tt❡♥❞❡❞ ❜② Marut✲s✦
✖✖
✶✶✳ ■♥ tr✉t❤✱ ✇❡ ✜♥❞ ♦✉r ✇❛②✱ ❖ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱
t♦ ❜❡✐♥❣✲❥✉st✲✐♥✲t✐♠❡ ❛❜♦❞❡ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ r❡❝✐t✐♥❣ ✈❡rs❡s ♦♥❡s✳
❲✐t❤ t❤❡❡ ❛s ❛ ②♦❦❡♠❛t❡ ✇❡ s❤❛❧❧ ✇✐♥✦
✶✷✳ ❬❚❤❡②✱❪ r✉❣❣❡❞✱ ❤♦✇❧✐♥❣ ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥t❧② ✐♥ ✉s✱ ✐♥ ♦r❞❡r t♦ s❧❛② Vr.tra
❛❝t✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❤❛r♠♦♥② ❬✇✐t❤ ❡❛❝❤ ♦t❤❡r❪ ❞✉r✐♥❣ ❛ ❝❛❧❧ t♦ ❜❛tt❧❡✱
✇✐t❤ ❤✐♠✱ ✇❤♦ ✐s s❡t ✉♣ ❢♦r ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ r❡❝✐t❡s✱
❢♦r ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ✐s ♣r❛✐s✐♥❣ ❬t♦ ❜❡❪ r❡s✐❧✐❡♥t ✖
❤❛✈✐♥❣ Indra ❛s t❤❡ ❜❡st ❬❛♠♦♥❣ t❤❡♠❪✱
♠❛② t❤❡②✱ deva✲s✱ ❤❡❧♣ ✉s✦

✽ ♣r♦❜✳ Visn.u
✾ t❤❡ ❜✉❧❧✱ .t❤❛t ✐s ❛ ✇❛rr✐♦r ✇❤♦ ✇❛s ✐♥ ❛ st❛t❡ ♦❢ Indra
✶✵ ✐♥♥❡r Soma ✖ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✽✳✻✸✳✶
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✽✳✻✹

Pragātha Kān.va | Gāyatrı̄ | t♦ Indra

úttvā mandantu stómāh. kr.n.us.vá rā´dho adrivah. |

áva brahmadvı́s.o jahi || 1 ||

padā´ pan.´ı̄m̃
. rarādháso nı́ bādhasva mahā´m̃
. asi |
nahı́ tvā káścaná práti || 2 ||

tvámı̄śis.e sutā´nāmı́ndra tvámásutānām |

. rā´jā jánānām || 3 ||
tvám

éhi préhi ks.áyo divyā`ghós.añcars.an.ı̄nā´m |

óbhé pr.n.āsi ródası̄ || 4 ||

tyám. citpárvatam . girı́m . sahasrı́n.am |

. śatávantam
vı́ stotŕ.bhyo rurojitha || 5 ||

vayámu tvā dı́vā suté vayám . havāmahe |

. náktam
asmā´kam
. k ´
ā mam ´
ā pr
..n a || 6 ||

kvà syá vr..sabhó yúvā tuvigr´ı̄vo ánānatah. |

brahmā´ kástám. saparyati || 7 ||

kásya svitsávanam . vŕ..sā jujus.vā´m̃

. áva gachati |
ı́ndram
. ká u svid ´
ā cake || 8 ||

. te dānā´ asaks.ata vŕ.trahankám

kám . suv´ı̄ryā |
ukthé ká u svidántamah. || 9 ||
 ✶✵✼✼

✶✳ ▼❛② ❤②♠♥s ♦❢ ♣r❛✐s❡ ✜r❡ t❤❡❡ ✉♣✦

❊✛❡❝t t❤❡ s❛t✐s❢❛❝t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❬t❤②❪ ❞❡s✐r❡✱ ❖ st♦♥❡✲✇✐❡❧❞❡r✦
❉r✐✈❡ ❛✇❛② t❤♦s❡ ✇❤♦ ❛r❡ ❤♦st✐❧❡ t♦ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥s✦
✷✳ ❲✐t❤ ❬t❤②❪ ❢♦♦t ♣r❡ss ❞♦✇♥ ♥♦t✲s❛t✐s❢②✐♥❣ ❬t❤②❪ ❞❡s✐r❡ ♥✐❣❣❛r❞s✦
❚❤♦✉ ❛r❡ ♠✐❣❤t② ✖
♥♦ ✇❛② ❛♥②♦♥❡ ❬❝❛♥❪ ♦♣♣♦s❡ t❤❡❡✳
✸✳ ❚❤♦✉ ❛r❡ ❛ ♠❛st❡r ♦❢ t❤♦s❡ ♣r❡ss✐♥❣ ❬Soma❪✱
❖ Indra✱ t❤♦✉ ❬❛r❡ ❛ ♠❛st❡r❪ ♦❢ t❤♦s❡ ♥♦t ♣r❡ss✐♥❣ ❬Soma❪✱
t❤♦✉ ❛r❡ t❤❡ ❝❤✐❡❢t❛✐♥ ♦❢ ❬❛❧❧❪ ❢♦❧❦s✳
✹✳ ❈♦♠❡ ❤❡r❡✦ ❈♦♠❡ ❢♦rt❤✦ ❆❜♦❞❡ ❬✐s❪ ✐♥ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥✦
▲✐st❡♥✐♥❣ t♦ t❤♦s❡
✶ ❞r❛✇✐♥❣ t♦ t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s✱
t❤♦✉ ✜❧❧ ❜♦t❤ Rodas✲❡s✳
✺✳ ❊✈❡♥ ❤✐♠ ✖ t❤❡ r✉❣❣❡❞ ✏♠♦✉♥t❛✐♥✑
❬✇❤♦ ✇❛s❪ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ✜❣❤t❡rs✱
❬✇❤♦ ✇❛s❪ ♣♦ss❡ss✐♥❣ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞ ❬tr✐❝❦s❪✖
t❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ❝r✉s❤❡❞ ❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ ♣r❛✐s❡rs✳
✻✳ ❲❡ ❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥ t❤❡❡ ❛t t❤❡ Soma ♣r❡ss✐♥❣
t❤r♦✉❣❤♦✉t t❤❡ ❞❛② ❛♥❞ ♥✐❣❤t✳
❋✉❧✜❧❧ ♦✉r ❞❡s✐r❡✦
✖✖
✼✳ ❲❤❡r❡ ❬✐s❪ t❤✐s r❡s❡♠❜❧✐♥❣✲❛✲❜✉❧❧ ②♦✉t❤✱
str♦♥❣✲♥❡❝❦❡❞✱ ♥♦t✲❜❡♥❞✐♥❣✲❬t♦ ♦t❤❡r✬s✲✇✐❧❧❪❄
❲❤✐❝❤ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t♦r ❛tt❡♥❞s t♦ ❤✐♠❄
✽✳ ❚♦ ✇❤♦s❡ ♣r❡ss✐♥❣ ❞♦ t❤♦✉ t❤✐♥❦
❡♥❥♦②✐♥❣ ❬✐t❪ ❜✉❧❧ ❞❡s❝❡♥❞s❄
❲❤♦ ❞♦ t❤♦✉ t❤✐♥❦ str✐✈❡s ❛❢t❡r Indra❄
✾✳ ❲❤♦♠ ❞♦ ❣✐❢ts t♦ t❤❡❡ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥②❄
❖ Vr.tra✲s❧❛②❡r✱ ✇❤♦♠ ❛s♣❡❝ts ♦❢ ♠❛♥❧② ✈✐❣♦✉r ❬❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥②❪❄
❲❤♦ ❞♦ t❤♦✉ t❤✐♥❦ ❞✉r✐♥❣ ✈❡rs❡✲r❡❝✐t❛t✐♦♥
❬✐s❪ t❤❡ ♠♦st ✐♥t✐♠❛t❡ ❬t♦ t❤❡❡❪❄
✖✖

✶ s❡♥s❡s
✶✵✼✽

ayám. te mā´nus.e jáne sómah. pūrús.u sūyate |

tásyéhi prá dravā pı́ba || 10 ||

ayám . te śaryan.ā´vati sus.ómāyāmádhi priyáh. |

ārjı̄k´ı̄ye madı́ntamah. || 11 ||

támadyá rā´dhase mahé cā´rum . mádāya ghŕ..svaye |

éhı̄mindra drávā pı́ba || 12 ||
 ✶✵✼✾

✶✵✳ ❚❤✐s Soma ✐s ♣r❡ss❡❞ ❢♦r t❤❡❡

❛♠♦♥❣ ❝♦♠♠♦♥❡rs ✱ ✐♥ ❛ ❤✉♠❛♥ ✖
✷
❝♦♠❡ ❤❡r❡✱ r✉s❤ ❢♦rt❤✱ ❞r✐♥❦ ✐t✦
✶✶✳ ❚❤✐s ❬Soma❪ ❢♦r t❤❡❡ ❬✐s❪ ✐♥ Śaryan.āvat ✱
✸
✇❛♥t❡❞ ❛t Sus.omā✱
♠♦st ✐♥t♦①✐❝❛t✐♥❣ ✐♥ Ārjı̄kı̄ya✳
✶✷✳ ◆♦✇✱ ❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ ❣r❡❛t t❤r✐❧❧✲✐♥❞✉❝✐♥❣ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t✐♦♥✱
❢♦r s❛t✐s❢❛❝t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❬t❤②❪ ❞❡s✐r❡✱
❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤ t❤❛t✱ ❡st❡❡♠❡❞ ❬Soma❪✱
❖ Indra✱ r✉s❤✱ ❞r✐♥❦ ✐t✦

✷ ♦r✱ Pūru✲s
✸ ♣r♦❜✳ t❤❡ ♣❛t❤✇❛②s ♦❢ ❛✐r t♦ t❤❡ ❧✉♥❣s
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✽✳✻✺

Pragātha Kān.va | Gāyatrı̄ | t♦ Indra

yádindra prā´gápāgúdaṅnyàgvā hūyáse nŕ.bhih. |

ā´ yāhi tū´yamāśúbhih. || 1 ||

yádvā prasrávan.e divó mādáyāse svàrn.are |

yádvā samudré ándhasah. || 2 ||

ā´ tvā gı̄rbhı́rmahā´murúm

. huvé gā´miva bhójase |
ı́ndra sómasya pı̄táye || 3 ||

ā´ ta indra mahimā´nam

. hárayo deva te máhah. |
ráthe vahantu bı́bhratah. || 4 ||

ı́ndra gr.n.ı̄s.á u stus.é mahā´m̃

. ugrá ı̄śānakŕ.t |
éhi nah. sutám . pı́ba || 5 ||

sutā´vantastvā vayám . práyasvanto havāmahe |

idám. no barhı́rāsáde || 6 ||

yácciddhı́ śáśvatāmás´ı̄ndra sā´dhāran.astvám |

tám
. tvā vayám . havāmahe || 7 ||

idám. te somyám . mádhvádhuks.annádribhirnárah. |

jus.ān.á indra tátpiba || 8 ||

. aryó vipaścı́tó ti khyastū´yamā´ gahi |

′
vı́śvām̃
asmé dhehi śrávo br.hát || 9 ||
 ✶✵✽✶

✶✳ ❲❤❡♥ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❛r❡ ❝❛❧❧❡❞ ✉♣♦♥ ❜② ♠❡♥

❡❛st✱ ✇❡st✱ ♥♦rt❤ ❛♥❞ s♦✉t❤✱
❥♦✉r♥❡② q✉✐❝❦❧② ❤❡r❡ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ s✇✐❢t ♦♥❡s✦
✷✳ ❲❤❡♥ ❞✉r✐♥❣ ❡✛✉s✐♦♥ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥✱
♦r ✇❤❡♥ ❛t s❡❛ ❜❡❝❛✉s❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❤❡r❜✱
t❤♦✉ ♠❛❞❡ t❤②s❡❧❢ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t❡❞ ✐♥ Svarn.ara✱
✸✳ ■ s✉♠♠♦♥ t❤❡❡✱ ❬✇❤♦ ✐s❪ ❧✐❦❡✲❛✲✇✐❞❡✲s♣❛❝❡ ❬❛♥❞❪ ❡①❝❡ss✐✈❡✱
✇✐t❤ ❝❤❛♥ts t♦ ✉s❡ ❬t❤❡♠❪ ❧✐❦❡ ❛ ❝♦✇✱
❖ Indra✱ ❬❢♦r t❤❡❡❪ t♦ ❞r✐♥❦ Soma✳
✖✖
✹✳ ▲❡t t❤♦s❡ ❜❡❛r✐♥❣ ♦♥ ❛ ❝❤❛r✐♦t✱ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s ❝♦♥✈❡② ❤❡r❡
t❤②✱ ❖ deva✱ ♠✐❣❤t✱
t❤②✱ ❖ Indra✱ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ✐♥❝r❡❛s❡ ✐♥ s✐③❡✦
✺✳ ❖ Indra✱ ■ ❡①t♦❧❧ ❬♥♦✇❪✱ ■ ❤❛✈❡ ♣r❛✐s❡❞ ❬t❤❡❡ ❜❡❢♦r❡❪✳
▼✐❣❤t②✱ ❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s✱ r❡♥❞❡r✐♥❣ ♦♥❡ ❝♦♠♣❡t❡♥t ✖
❝♦♠❡ ❤❡r❡✦ ❉r✐♥❦ ♦✉r ♣r❡ss❡❞ ♦✉t ❬Soma❪✦
✻✳ ❲❡✱ ✐♥ ♣♦ss❡ss✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❬Soma❪✱
♦✛❡r✐♥❣ ❧✐❜❛t✐♦♥s✱ ❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥ t❤❡❡
t♦ s✐t ❞♦✇♥ ✉♣♦♥ t❤✐s ♦✉r s❛❝r✐✜❝✐❛❧ ❣r❛ss✳
✖✖
✼✳ ❙✐♥❝❡ t❤♦✉ ❛r❡ ❡q✉❛❧❧② s✉♣♣♦rt✐♥❣
♥✉♠❡r♦✉s ❬♣❡♦♣❧❡❪✱ ❖ Indra✱
s✉❝❤ t❤❡❡ ✇❡ ❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥✳ ✶
✽✳ ❋♦r t❤❡❡ t❤❡ ♠❡♥ ♠✐❧❦❡❞ ✇✐t❤ st♦♥❡s t❤✐s ✖
❝♦♥t❛✐♥✐♥❣ Soma ❤♦♥❡②✳
❚❛❦✐♥❣ ♣❧❡❛s✉r❡ ✐♥ ❬t❤✐s❪✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❞r✐♥❦ ✐t✦
✾✳ ❚❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ ♦✈❡r❧♦♦❦ ❛❧❧ ❬✇❤♦ ❛r❡ ❥✉st❪ ♣✐❧✐♥❣ ✉♣ ♣✉❧s❛t✐♦♥s
❢r♦♠ t❤❡ r✐s✐♥❣ ✉♣✇❛r❞s ♦♥❡✳ ❈♦♠❡ ❤❡r❡ q✉✐❝❦❧②✦
P✉t ✐♥t♦ ✉s ❛♥ ❡①t❡♥s✐✈❡ ❛✉❞✐t♦r② ✐♠♣r❡ss✐♦♥✦
✖✖

✶ t❤✐s ✈❡rs❡ ✐s t❤❡ s❛♠❡ ❛s ✹✳✸✷✳✶✸

✶✵✽✷

dātā´ me pŕ..satı̄nām
. rā´jā hiran.yav´ı̄nām |
mā´ devā maghávā ris.at || 10 ||

. br.hátpr.thú |
sahásre pŕ..satı̄nāmádhi ścandrám
. hı́ran.yamā´ dade || 11 ||
śukrám

nápāto durgáhasya me sahásren.a surā´dhasah. |

śrávo devés.vakrata || 12 ||
 ✶✵✽✸

✶✵✳ ❚♦ ♠❡ ❛ ❣✐✈❡r ♦❢ s♣❡❝❦❡❞ ♦♥❡s✱

t❤❡ ❝❤✐❡❢t❛✐♥ ♦❢ t❤♦s❡ ❬✇❤♦ ❛r❡❪ ❡❛❣❡r ❢♦r ❣♦❧❞✱

♠❛② ♥♦t t❤❡ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡✱ ❖ deva✲s✱ ❤✉rt ❬❤✐♠❪✦

✶✶✳ ❆❜♦✈❡ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞ s♣❡❝❦❧❡❞ ♦♥❡s✱

■ ❤❛✈❡ r❡❝❡✐✈❡❞ ❛♠♣❧❡

❜r✐❣❤t❧② r❛❞✐❛♥t ♣✉r❡ ❣♦❧❞✳

✶✷✳ ●r❛♥❞s♦♥s ♦❢ Durgaha✱ ❬✇❤♦ ❛r❡❪

❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❬t❤❛t❪ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞ q✉✐t❡ s❛t✐s❢②✐♥❣ t♦ ♠❡✱

❤❛✈❡ ❝r❡❛t❡❞ ❢♦r t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s r❡♥♦✇♥ ❛♠♦♥❣ deva✲s✳

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✽✳✻✻

Pragātha Kān.va | ✶✕✶✹ Br.hatı̄ ❛❧t❡r♥❛t✐♥❣ ✇✐t❤ Satobr.hatı̄✱ ✶✺

Anus..thubh | t♦ Indra

tárobhirvo vidádvasumı́ndram . sabā´dha ūtáye |

br.hádgā´yantah. sutásome adhvaré huvé bháram. ná kārı́n.am || 1 ||

ná yám . dudhrā´ várante ná sthirā´ múro máde suśiprámándhasah. |

yá ādŕ.tyā śaśamānā´ya sunvaté dā´tā jaritrá ukthyàm || 2 ||

yáh. śakró mr.ks.ó áśvyo yó vā k´ı̄jo hiran.yáyah. |

sá ūrvásya rejayatyápāvr.timı́ndro gávyasya vr.trahā´ || 3 ||

nı́khātam
. cidyáh. purusambhr.tám . vásū´dı́dvápati dāśús.e |
´
vajrı̄ suśipró háryaśva ı́tkaradı́ndrah. krátvā yáthā váśat || 4 ||

yádvāvántha purus..tuta purā´ cichūra nr.n.ā´m |

vayám. tátta indra sám. bharāmasi
yajñámukthám . . vácah. || 5 ||
turám

sácā sómes.u puruhūta vajrivo mádāya dyuks.a somapāh. |

tvámı́ddhı́ brahmakŕ.te kā´myam
. vásu dés..thah. sunvaté bhúvah. || 6 ||

vayámenamidā´ hyó ′pı̄pemehá vajrı́n.am |

tásmā u adyá samanā´ sutám
. bharā´ nūnám
. bhūs.ata śruté || 7 ||
 ✶✵✽✺

✶✳ ❋♦r ②❡ ❛s ❛ ♣r✐③❡✱ ■✱ ❝❤❛♥t✐♥❣ s♦❧❡♠♥❧②

❞✉r✐♥❣ ❛❞✈❛♥❝✐♥❣ ♦♥ ✐ts ✇❛②
✐♥✈♦❧✈✐♥❣ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ Soma ❬s❛❝r✐✜❝❡❪✱
s✉♠♠♦♥ ✉r❣❡♥t❧② ✇✐t❤ ❡①♣❡❞✐❡♥t ❬♠❡❛♥s❪ t❤❡ ❞♦❡r ✖
✜♥❞✐♥❣✲❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧✲t❤✐♥❣s Indra t♦ ❤❡❧♣ ✖
✷✳ t❤❡ s❡❧❡❝t✐✈❡ ♦♥❡✱ ✇❤♦♠✱
✇❤❡♥ ❬❤❡ ✐s❪ ✐♥ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t✐♦♥ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ❤❡r❜✱
♥❡✐t❤❡r ♣r♦✈♦❦✐♥❣✲❛♥❣❡r✲♦♥❡s ♥♦r st❡❛❞❢❛st ❡♥❡♠✐❡s ♦❜str✉❝t✱
✇❤♦✱ ❜❡✐♥❣ ❛tt❡♥t✐✈❡✱ ✇✐❧❧ ❣✐✈❡ t♦ ❬❤✐s❪ ♣r❛✐s❡r✱
t♦ ❡①❡rt✐♥❣ ❤✐♠s❡❧❢ ♣r❡ss✐♥❣ ❬Soma❪ ♦♥❡✱ t♦✲❜❡✲♣r❛✐s❡❞ ❬tr❡❛s✉r❡❪✳
✸✳ ❲❤♦ ❬✐s❪ ❡♠♣♦✇❡r✐♥❣✱ ❛❝❝✉♠✉❧❛t✐♥❣ ❬str❡♥❣t❤❪✱
r❡❧❛t❡❞ t♦ ❤♦rs❡s
✶ ♦♥❡✱ ✇❤♦ ❬✐s❪ ✐♥❞❡❡❞ ❛♥ ❡♥❝❤❛♥t✐♥❣ kı̄ja✷ ✱
❤❡✱ Indra✱ Vr.tra✲s❧❛②❡r✱ ♠❛❦❡s t❤❡ ❤✐❞✐♥❣♣❧❛❝❡
♦❢ r❡❧❛t❡❞ t♦ ❝♦✇s
✸ ✏s✉❜♠❛r✐♥❡ ✜r❡✑ ✹ tr❡♠❜❧❡✳
✹✳ ❲❤♦ ❢♦r ❛ ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡r r❡✈❡❛❧s ❛❝❝✉♠✉❧❛t❡❞✲❜②✲♠❛♥② tr❡❛s✉r❡ ✖
❡✈❡♥ ❜✉r✐❡❞ ♦♥❡✱ ❤❡ ✖ ❜❡❛r✐♥❣ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t
❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❛✇♥② ❤♦rs❡s s❡❧❡❝t✐✈❡ Indra ✖
❜❡❝❛✉s❡ ♦❢ ❬❤✐s❪ r❡s♦✉r❝❡❢✉❧♥❡ss✱ s❤❛❧❧ ❞♦ ❛s ❤❡ ✇✐s❤❡s✳
✺✳ ❲❤❛t ♦❢ ♠❡♥✱ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ ♠✉❝❤✲❡✉❧♦❣✐③❡❞ ♦♥❡✱
❤❛✈❡ ♣❧❛❝❡❞ ✇✐t❤✐♥ ❬t❤②❪ r❡❛❝❤ ❜❡❢♦r❡✱ ❖ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱
t❤❛t ✇❡ ❣❛t❤❡r ❢♦r t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Indra ✖
❛ ✜r❡ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣✱ ❛ r❡❝✐t❡❞ ✈❡rs❡✱ ❛ ♣r♦♠♣t ✉tt❡r❛♥❝❡ ✖
✻✳ ✐♥ t❤❡ ♣r❡s❡♥❝❡ ♦❢ ❞r♦♣s ♦❢ Soma✱
❖ ♠✉❝❤ ✐♥✈♦❦❡❞ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲❜❡❛r❡r✱
❢♦r ❬t❤②❪ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t✐♦♥✱
❖ ❡♠♣♦✇❡r❡❞✲❜②✲t❤❡✲❍❡❛✈❡♥ ❞r✐♥❦❡r ♦❢ Soma✱
s✐♥❝❡ ♦♥❧② t❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❢♦r ❤✐♠✱
✇❤♦ ✐s ♣❡r❢♦r♠✐♥❣ ❛ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥✱ ✇❤♦ ♣r❡ss❡s ❬Soma❪✱
❬t❤❡ ♦♥❡ ✇❤♦ ✐s❪ ❣✐✈✐♥❣✲t❤❡✲♠♦st ❬t❤❛t❪ t♦✲❜❡✲❞❡s✐r❡❞ tr❡❛s✉r❡✳
✼✳ ❖♥❧② ②❡st❡r❞❛② ✐♥ t❤✐s ♣❧❛❝❡ ✇❡ ❝♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ s✇❡❧❧❡❞ ❤✐♠✱
t❤❡ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲✇✐❡❧❞❡r ✖
❧✐❦❡✇✐s❡✱ ❜r✐♥❣ t❤♦✉ t♦ ❤✐♠ ♣r❡ss❡❞ ♦✉t ❬Soma❪ t♦❞❛②✦
❉♦ ②❡ ♥♦✇ ✉s❡ ❡✛♦rts ✐♥ ❬❞♦✐♥❣❪ ✇❤❛t ✇❛s t❛✉❣❤t✦

✶ t❤❡ t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s

✷ s❡❡♠s t♦ ❜❡ ❛ ♠✉s✐❝❛❧ ✐♥str✉♠❡♥t
✸ ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s
✹ ♣r♦❜✳ ♠❡❛♥s ✏✜r❡ ✐♥ t❤❡ ❜❡❧❧②✑ s✐♥❝❡ ✏s❡❛✑ st❛♥❞s ❢♦r ✏❤❡❛rt ❝❛❦r❛✑✱ ♦r✱
❛❧t❡r♥❛t✐✈❡❧②✱ ✏❤❡❛rt✲❢❡❧t ✐♥s♣✐r❛t✐♦♥✑
✶✵✽✻

vŕ.kaścidasya vāran.á urāmáthirā´ vayúnes.u bhūs.ati |

sémám . na stómam . jujus.ān.á ā´ gah´ı̄ndra prá citráyā dhiyā´ || 8 ||

kádū nvàsyā´kr.tamı́ndrasyāsti paum

´ . syam |
kéno nú kam . śrómatena ná śuśruve janús.ah. pári vr.trahā´ || 9 ||

kádū mah´ı̄rádhr..s.tā asya távis.ı̄h. kádu vr.traghnó ástr.tam |

ı́ndro vı́śvānbekanā´.tām̃
. ahardŕ.śa utá krátvā pan.´ı̄m̃
. rabhı́ || 10 ||

. ghā te ápūrvyéndra bráhmān.i vr.trahan |

vayám
. ná prá bharāmasi || 11 ||
purūtámāsah. puruhūta vajrivo bhr.tı́m

pūrv´ı̄ściddhı́ tvé tuvikūrminnāśáso hávanta indrotáyah. |

tiráścidaryáh. sávanā´ vaso gahi śávis..tha śrudhı́ me hávam || 12 ||

vayám. ghā te tvé ı́dvı́ndra vı́prā ápi .smasi |

nahı́ tvádanyáh. puruhūta káścaná mághavannásti mard.itā´ || 13 ||

. no asyā´ ámaterutá ks.udhò bhı́śasteráva spr.dhi |

′
tvám
. na ūt´ı̄ táva citráyā dhiyā´ śı́ks.ā śacis..tha gātuvı́t || 14 ||
tvám

sóma ı́dvah. sutó astu kálayo mā´ bibhı̄tana |

ápédes.á dhvasmā´yati svayám
. ghais.ó ápāyati || 15 ||
 ✶✵✽✼

✽✳ ❊✈❡♥ ❛ ✇♦❧❢✱ ❤✐s ❡♥❝✐r❝❧✐♥❣ st✐rr✐♥❣ ❛♥ ❡✇❡✱

✉s❡s ❡✛♦rts ❛❝❝♦r❞✐♥❣ t♦ ❡♥t✐❝❡♠❡♥ts✳
❙✉❝❤✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❡♥❥♦②✐♥❣ t❤✐s ♦✉r ❤②♠♥ ♦❢ ♣r❛✐s❡✱ ❝♦♠❡ ❤❡r❡✦
❬❈♦♠❡❪ ❢♦rt❤ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❝❛♣t✉r✐♥❣ ❛tt❡♥t✐♦♥ ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥✦
✾✳ ❲❤❛t ♠❛♥❧② ❞❡❡❞ ♦❢ t❤✐s Indra
✐s st✐❧❧ ♥♦t ❞♦♥❡❄ ❇② ✇❤♦♠✱ ❝♦♥s✐❞❡r❡❞ t♦ ❤❛✈❡ ❜❡❡♥ tr❛✐♥❡❞✱
❤❡✱ Vr.tra✲s❧❛②❡r✱ ❤❛s ♥♦t ❜❡❡♥ ♠❛❞❡ ❢❛♠♦✉s
❛r♦✉♥❞ ❬t❤❡ t✐♠❡❪ ♦❢ ❤✐s ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❛t✐♦♥❄
✶✵✳ ❲❤✐❝❤ ❤✐s ♣♦t❡♥t ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝♦♥tr♦❧ ✇❛s ♥♦t ❝❤❛❧❧❡♥❣❡❞❄
❲❤❛t ♦❢ Vr.tra✲s❧❛②✐♥❣ ♦♥❡ ❬✇❛s❪ ✉♥❞✐str❛❝t❡❞❄
Indra ❬✇✐❧❧ s❝❛tt❡r❪ ❛❧❧ ✉s✉r❡rs ✇❤♦ s❛✇ t❤❡ ❧✐❣❤t ♦❢ ❞❛②✱
❛♥❞✱ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❬❤✐s❪ r❡s♦✉r❝❡❢✉❧♥❡ss✱
❬❤❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❝❤❛❧❧❡♥❣❡❪ ♥✐❣❣❛r❞s✳
✶✶✳ ■t ✐s ✇❡✱ ❜❡st✲❛♠♦♥❣✲♠❛♥②✱ ✇❤♦ ♣r❡s❡♥t t♦ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Indra✱
❛s ❛♥ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣✱ ❖ Vr.tra✲s❧❛②❡r✱
♦r✐❣✐♥❛❧ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥s✱
✺
❖ ♠✉❝❤ ✐♥✈♦❦❡❞ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲❜❡❛r❡r✦
✶✷✳ ❙✐♥❝❡ ✐♥❞❡❡❞ ♠❛♥② ❤♦♣❡s ❬❛r❡ ✈❡st❡❞❪ ✐♥ t❤❡❡✱
❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❛ str♦♥❣ s❤✐❡❧❞ ♦♥❡✱
s✐❞❡✲❡✛❡❝ts ❬♦❢ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ♠❛♥② ❤♦♣❡s❪ s✉♠♠♦♥ ❬t❤❡❡❪✱ ❖ Indra✦
❊✈❡♥ ✇✐t❤♦✉t ♣r❡ss✐♥❣s ♦❢ t❤❡ r✐s✐♥❣ ✉♣✇❛r❞s ♦♥❡✱ ❝♦♠❡ ❤❡r❡✦
❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♠♦st ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡ ♦♥❡✱ ❞♦ ❤❡❛r ♠② ❝❛❧❧✦
✶✸✳ ■t ✐s ✇❡✱ ✇❤♦✱ ✐♥✇❛r❞❧②✲❡①❝✐t❡❞✱ ❛r❡ ❛✉①✐❧✐❛r② t♦ t❤❡❡✱
❬❛❜✐❞❡❪ ❥✉st ✐♥ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Indra✱
❜❡❝❛✉s❡ t❤❡r❡ ✐s ♥♦ ♦♥❡ ♦t❤❡r t❤❛♥ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ ♠✉❝❤ ✐♥✈♦❦❡❞ ♦♥❡✱
✇❤♦ ✐s s❤♦✇✐♥❣ ❝♦♠♣❛ss✐♦♥✱ ❖ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡✦
✶✹✳ ❉♦ t❤♦✉ ❞❡❢❡♥❞ ✉s ❢r♦♠ ❛ ❝✉rs❡✱
❢r♦♠ t❤✐s ✐♠♣✉❧s✐✈❡♥❡ss ❛♥❞ ❤✉♥❣❡r✦
▼❛② t❤♦✉✱ ✜♥❞✐♥❣ ❛♥ ✉♥✐♠♣❡❞❡❞ ✇❛②✱
❞❡s✐r❡ t♦ ❤❡❧♣ ✉s✱ ❖ ❜❡st ❛t ❛ss✐st✐♥❣✱
✇✐t❤ ❬t❤❛t❪ ✇❛② ♦❢ ❤❡❧♣✐♥❣ ✖
✇✐t❤ ❝❛♣t✉r✐♥❣ ❛tt❡♥t✐♦♥ ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥✦
✶✺✳ ▼❛② ❥✉st ②♦✉r Soma ❜❡ ♣r❡ss❡❞✱
❖ Kali✲s✱ ❞♦ ♥♦t ❢❡❛r✦
❚❤✐s ❞❡❝❛② ❥✉st ❣♦❡s ❛✇❛②✱
✐t ❣♦❡s ❛✇❛② ♦♥ ✐ts ♦✇♥✳

✺ ❧✐t✳ ✏❤❛✈✐♥❣ ♥♦t❤✐♥❣ ♣r❡❝❡❞✐♥❣✑

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✽✳✻✽

Priyamedha Āṅgirasa | Gāyatrı̄ ❡①❝❡♣t ✶✱✹✱✼✱✶✵ Anus..thubh | t♦

Indra

ā´ tvā rátham

. yáthotáye sumnā´ya vartayāmasi |
tuvikūrmı́mr.tı̄s.áhamı́ndra śávis..tha sátpate || 1 ||

túviśus.ma túvikrato śácı̄vo vı́śvayā mate |

ā´ paprātha mahitvanā´ || 2 ||

yásya te mahinā´ maháh. pári jmāyántamı̄yátuh. |

. hiran.yáyam || 3 ||
hástā vájram

viśvā´narasya vaspátimánānatasya śávasah. |

évaiśca cars.an.ı̄nā´mūt´ı̄ huve ráthānām || 4 ||

abhı́s..taye sadā´vr.dham . nárah. |

. svàrmı̄..dhes.u yám
nā´nā hávanta ūtáye || 5 ||

. surā´dhasam |
parómātramŕ.cı̄s.amamı́ndramugrám
´ı̄śānam
. cidvásūnām || 6 ||

tám. tamı́drā´dhase mahá ı́ndram . codāmi pı̄táye |

yáh. pūrvyā´mánus..tutim´ı̄śe kr..s.tı̄nā´m
. nr.túh. || 7 ||

. śa mártyah. |
ná yásya te śavasāna sakhyámānám
nákih. śávām
. si te naśat || 8 ||

tvótāsastvā´ yujā´psú sū´rye maháddhánam |

jáyema pr.tsú vajrivah. || 9 ||
 ✶✵✽✾

✶✳ ❲❡ ♠❛❦❡ t❤❡❡ t♦ t✉r♥ ❤❡r❡ ❧✐❦❡ ❛ ❝❤❛r✐♦t ✖

t♦ ❤❡❧♣✱ ❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ ❛ ❜❡♥❡✈♦❧❡♥t ♠✐♥❞s❡t ✖
❬t❤❡❡✱❪ ✇❤♦ s❤✐❡❧❞s str♦♥❣❧②✱ ✇❤♦ ♦✈❡r❝♦♠❡s ❛ss❛✐❧❛♥ts✱
❖ Indra✱ ❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♠♦st ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡
♦✈❡rs❡❡r ♦❢ ✇❤❛t✬s r❡❛❧✦
✷✳ ❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣✲♠✉❝❤✲❢❡r✈♦r✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥t r❡s♦✉r❝❡❢✉❧♥❡ss✱
❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② ❡♥❛❜❧✐♥❣ ♣♦✇❡rs ♦♥❡✦
❲✐t❤ ❛❧❧♣❡r✈❛❞✐♥❣ ❡①t❡♥s✐✈❡♥❡ss t❤♦✉✱ ❖ ✐♥t❡❧❧✐❣❡♥t ♦♥❡✱
❤❛✈❡ ❢✉❧✜❧❧❡❞ ❬♦✉r ❞❡s✐r❡s❪✦
✸✳ ❲❤♦s❡ t✇♦ ❤❛♥❞s✱ ✉s✐♥❣ t❤② ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ✐♥❝r❡❛s❡ ✐♥ s✐③❡✱
❤❛✈❡ s✇✐❢t❧② ❣r❛s♣❡❞
♠♦✈✐♥❣ ❛❧♦♥❣ t❤❡ ❡❛rt❤ ❡♥❝❤❛♥t✐♥❣ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✳✳✳
✶
✖✖
✹✳ ❯s✐♥❣ ❤❛❜✐ts ♦❢ ❞r❛✇✐♥❣ t♦ t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s ❬s❡♥s❡s❪
❛♥❞ ✉s✐♥❣ ❤❡❧♣ ♦❢ ❝❤❛r✐♦ts
■ ❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥ ❡✈❡r②✲♠❛♥✬s ❬❛♥❞❪ ②♦✉rs ♠❛st❡r
♦❢ ♥♦t✲❜❡♥❞✐♥❣✲❬t♦ ♦t❤❡r✬s✲✇✐❧❧❪ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱
✺✳ ❬❤✐♠✱❪ ❛❧✇❛②s✲str❡♥❣t❤❡♥✐♥❣ ✐♥ ♦r❞❡r t♦ ❛ss✐st✱
✇❤♦♠ ♠❡♥ ✐♥ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ svàr✲❛s✲t❤❡✲♣r✐③❡ ❬❝♦♥t❡sts❪
❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥ s❡♣❛r❛t❡❧② ❢♦r ❤❡❧♣✱
✻✳ ❬❤✐♠✱❪ ✐♠♠❡♥s❡✱ ✇❤♦ ✐s s♦✉❣❤t ✇✐t❤ ❛ ✈❡rs❡✱
✇❡❧❧✲s❛t✐s❢②✐♥❣ ❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s Indra✱
❬✇❤♦ ✐s❪ ❛❧s♦ ✐♥ ❝❤❛r❣❡ ♦❢ ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧ t❤✐♥❣s✳
✖✖
✼✳ ❏✉st t❤❛t ✈❡r② Indra ■ ❤❛st❡♥ ❢♦r ❛ ❞r✐♥❦
❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ ❣r❡❛t s❛t✐s❢❛❝t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❬②♦✉r❪ ❞❡s✐r❡✱
❬❤✐♠✱❪ ✇❤♦ ❬❝♦♠♠❛♥❞s❪ ❛♥❝✐❡♥t ❡♥s✉✐♥❣ ❬❤✐s ❞❡❡❞s❪ ♣r❛✐s❡✳
❚❤❡ ❞❛♥❝❡r ❝♦♠♠❛♥❞s tr✐❜❡s✳
✽✳ ◆♦ ♠♦rt❛❧ ❤❛s ♦❜t❛✐♥❡❞
t❤❡ ❧✐❦❡✲♠✐♥❞❡❞♥❡ss ♦❢ s✉❝❤ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ ❝❤❛♥❣✐♥❣ ♣♦✇❡r❢✉❧❧② ♦♥❡✦
◆♦ ♦♥❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❛tt❛✐♥ t❤② ♣♦✇❡rs t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✳
✾✳ ❍❡❧♣❡❞ ❜② t❤❡❡✱ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡❡ ❛s ❛ ②♦❦❡♠❛t❡
✐♥ ✇❛t❡rs ✱ ✐♥ t❤❡ s✉♥ ✱
✷ ✸
✇❡ ❝❛♥ ✇✐♥ ✐♥ ❜❛tt❧❡s t❤❡ ❣r❡❛t ♣r✐③❡✱ ❖ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲❜❡❛r❡r✦
✖✖

✶ ❤❡r❡ ❂✏t❤❡ ❜♦❞②✑

✷ ✐♥♥❡r ✇❛t❡rs
✸ manipūra ❝❛❦r❛
.
✶✵✾✵

tám
. tvā yajñébhirı̄mahe tám . gı̄rbhı́rgirvan.astama |
ı́ndra yáthā cidā´vitha vā´jes.u purumā´yyam || 10 ||

yásya te svādú sakhyám. svādv´ı̄ prán.ı̄tiradrivah. |

´
yajñó vitantasāyyah. || 11 ||

urú n.astanvè tána urú ks.áyāya naskr.dhi |

urú n.o yandhi jı̄váse || 12 ||

urúm
. nŕ.bhya urúm
. gáva urúm . ráthāya pánthām |
devávı̄tim
. manāmahe || 13 ||

úpa mā .sád.dvā´dvā nárah. sómasya hárs.yā |

tı́s..thanti svādurātáyah. || 14 ||

.rjrā´vindrotá ā´ dade hárı̄ .ŕks.asya sūnávi |

āśvamedhásya róhitā || 15 ||

. ātithigvé svabhı̄śū´m̃
suráthām̃ . rārks.é |
āśvamedhé supéśasah. || 16 ||

. ātithigvá indroté vadhū´matah. |

.sá..dáśvām̃
sácā pūtákratau sanam || 17 ||

áıs.u cetadvŕ..san.vatyantárr.jrés.várus.ı̄ |
svabhı̄śúh. káśāvatı̄ || 18 ||

ná yus.mé vājabandhavo ninitsúścaná mártyah. |

avadyámádhi dı̄dharat || 19 ||
 ✶✵✾✶

✶✵✳ ❙✉❝❤ t❤❡❡ ✇❡ ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ✜r❡ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣s✱

s✉❝❤ ✇✐t❤ ❝❤❛♥ts✱ ❖ ♠♦st ❧♦♥❣✐♥❣ ❢♦r ❛ ❝❤❛♥t ♦♥❡✱
❛s t❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❬✇❡r❡ ✇❤❡♥ t❤♦✉❪
❤❛✈❡ ❤❡❧♣❡❞ Purumāyya ❞✉r✐♥❣ r✉s❤❡s ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✳
✶✶✳ ▲✐❦❡✲♠✐♥❞❡❞♥❡ss ♦❢ s✉❝❤ t❤❡❡ ❬✐s❪ ♣❛❧❛t❛❜❧❡✱
❣✉✐❞❛♥❝❡ ❬♦❢ s✉❝❤ t❤❡❡❪ ❬✐s❪ ♣❛❧❛t❛❜❧❡✱ ❖ st♦♥❡✲✇✐❡❧❞❡r✱
❬❛♥❞❪ ❛ ✜r❡ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣ ❬t♦ t❤❡❡❪ ✐s ✇♦rt❤ t♦ ❜❡ t✉ss❧❡❞ ♦✈❡r✳
✶✷✳ ▼❛❦❡ ❬✐t✹ ❪ ❡①❝❡ss✐✈❡ ❢♦r ♦✉r ♦✇♥ s❛❦❡
❛♥❞ ❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ ♦✛s♣r✐♥❣s✱
❡①❝❡ss✐✈❡ ❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦✉r ❞✇❡❧❧✐♥❣✱
❢♦r ✉s t♦ ❧✐✈❡✱ ❡①t❡♥❞ ❬✐t t♦ ❜❡❪ ❡①❝❡ss✐✈❡✳
✖✖
✶✸✳ ❲❡ ✐♠❛❣✐♥❡ ❛ ♣❛t❤ ✇✐❞❡ ❢♦r ❛ ❝❤❛r✐♦t✱
✇✐❞❡ ❢♦r ♠❡♥✱ ✇✐❞❡ ❢♦r ❛♥ ♦①✱ ❛r♦✉s✐♥❣ deva✲s✳
✶✹✳ ◆❡❛r ♠❡ s✐① t✇♦✲❛❣❛✐♥st✲t✇♦ ♠❡♥
❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❛❣r❡❡❛❜❧❡ ❣✐❢ts
st❛♥❞ ✐♥ ✐♠♣❛t✐❡♥t ❡①❝✐t❡♠❡♥t ♦❢ Soma✳
✶✺✳ ❆t Indrota✬s ❬♣❧❛❝❡❪ ■ ❤❛✈❡ r❡❝❡✐✈❡❞ t✇♦ ❣♦✐♥❣✲str❛✐❣❤t ♦♥❡s✱
t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s ❛t R . ksa✬s s♦♥✬s ❬♣❧❛❝❡❪✱
t✇♦ Āśvamedha✬s r❡❞❞✐s❤ ♦♥❡s✱
✶✻✳ ❣♦♦❞✲✐♥✲❛✲❝❤❛r✐♦t ♦♥❡s ❛t Ātithigva✬s✱
✇❡❧❧✲❜r✐❞❧❡❞ ♦♥❡s ❛t Ārks.a✬s✱
✇❡❧❧✲❛❞♦r♥❡❞ ❛t Āśvamedha✬s✳
✶✼✳ ■♥ t❤❡ ♣r❡s❡♥❝❡ ♦❢ Pūtakratu ■ s❤❛❧❧ ♦❜t❛✐♥
s✐① ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② ♠❛r❡s ❤♦rs❡s
❛t Ātithigva✬s ❬♣❧❛❝❡❪✱ ❛t Indrota✬s✳
✶✽✳ ■♥ t❤❡s❡ s❤❡✺ ✇❤♦ ✐s ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② ❛ ❜✉❧❧ s❤❛❧❧ ❛♣♣❡❛r✳
▼✐❞st ❣♦✐♥❣✲str❛✐❣❤t ❬♠❡♥❪ t❤❡ ❉❛✇♥ ❬❛♣♣❡❛rs❪ ✖
✇❡❧❧✲❜r✐❞❧❡❞✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❤❡ ✇❤✐♣✳
✶✾✳ ◆♦ ♠♦rt❛❧ ❛♠♦♥❣ ②♦✉✱ ❖ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s✲✐♥✲r✉s❤❡s✲♦❢✲✈✐❣♦✉r✱
♥♦t ❡✈❡♥ ✇✐s❤✐♥❣ t♦ ❜❧❛♠❡ ❬②♦✉❪✱
s❤❛❧❧ ❤♦❧❞ ♦✈❡r ❬②♦✉❪ t❤❡ ✉♥s♣❡❛❦❛❜❧❡✳

❱❡rs❡s ✶✕✶✷ ✐s ❛ ♠♦t✐✈❛t✐♦♥❛❧ s♣❡❡❝❤ t♦ ✉r❣❡ ♠❡♥ t♦ ❥♦✐♥ ❛ ♠✐❧✐t❛r②

❡①♣❡❞✐t✐♦♥✳ ❱❡rs❡s ✶✹✕✶✼ ❡♥✉♠❡r❛t❡ ♣❛rt✐❝✐♣❛♥ts ✇❤♦ ✇❡r❡ ❛r♦✉s❡❞
❜② ✶✕✶✷✳ ❱❡rs❡s ✶✽✕✶✾ ✐s ❛ ♣r♦♠✐s❡ ♦❢ ❛ tr❛♥s❣r❡ss✐♦♥ t❤❛t ✇✐❧❧ ♥♦t
❡♥❞ ✐♥ s❤❛♠❡✳

✹ t❤❡ ❧✐❦❡✲♠✐♥❞❡❞♥❡ss
✺ ♣r♦❜✳ Pŕśni
.
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✽✳✻✾

Priyamedha Āṅgirasa | ✶✕✸✱ ✼✕✶✵ Anus..thubh✱ ✹✕✻ Gāyatrı̄✱ ✶✶✱✶✻

Paṅktı̄✱ ✶✼✱✶✽ Br.hatı̄ | t♦ Indra✱ Varun.a

. mandádvı̄rāyéndave |
prápra vastris..túbhamı́s.am
dhiyā´ vo medhásātaye púram. dhyā´ vivāsati || 1 ||

nadám . va ódatı̄nām . yóyuvatı̄nām |

. nadám
pátim
. vo ághnyānām. dhenūn ā´mis.udhyasi || 2 ||

tā´ asya sū´dadohasah. sómam . śrı̄n.anti pŕ.śnayah. |

jánmandevā´nām . vı́śastris.vā´ rocané diváh. || 3 ||

. giréndramarca yáthā vidé |

abhı́ prá gópatim
. satyásya sátpatim || 4 ||
sūnúm

ā´ hárayah. sasr.jriré ′rus.ı̄rádhi barhı́s.i |

yátrābhı́ sam. návāmahe || 5 ||

ı́ndrāya gā´va āśı́ram

. duduhré vajrı́n.e mádhu |
yátsı̄mupahvaré vidát || 6 ||

. gr.hámı́ndraśca gánvahi |
údyádbradhnásya vis..tápam
mádhvah. pı̄tvā´ sacevahi trı́h. saptá sákhyuh. padé || 7 ||
 ✶✵✾✸

✶✳ ❖♥✇❛r❞✦ ❬●✐✈❡❪ ②♦✉r t❤r❡❡✲st♦♣s r❡❢r❡s❤♠❡♥t

✶
t♦ ✐♥✢❛♠✐♥❣✲❤❡r♦❡s Indu✦
❍❡ s❡❡❦s t♦ ♣r♦❝✉r❡ ❢♦r ②❡ t❤❡ ♥♦✉r✐s❤✐♥❣ ❞r✐♥❦
t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ❜❡❛r✐♥❣ ❢✉❧❧♥❡ss ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥✳
✷✳ ❚❤♦✉ ✐♠♣❧♦r❡ t❤❡ ❝r✐❡r ♦❢ ②♦✉r s♣r✐♥❦❧✐♥❣ ❬❞❡✇ ❞❛✇♥s❪✱
t❤❡ ❝r✐❡r ♦❢ r❡❝❡❞✐♥❣ ❬❞✉s❦s❪✱
t❤❡ ♠❛st❡r ♦❢ ②♦✉r ♥♦t✲t♦✲❜❡✲❦✐❧❧❡❞ ♠✐❧❝❤✲❝♦✇s ✳ ✷
✸✳ ❚❤♦s❡ ♦❢ ❤✐♠ ❬t❤❛t ❛r❡❪ ②✐❡❧❞✐♥❣✲♠✐❧❦✲❧✐❦❡✲❛✲✇❡❧❧ ✖
t❤❡ ❡♥t✐❝❡♠❡♥ts t♦ r❡❜❡❧ ✖ ♠✐① Soma✳
❆t ❬Soma✬s❪ ❜✐rt❤ ❝❧❛♥s ♦❢ deva✲s
❬❛r❡❪ ✐♥ t❤❡ t❤r❡❡ ❬❤✐❣❤❡st ❛❜♦❞❡s❪ ✸
♦❢ t❤❡ ❧✉♠✐♥♦✉s s♣❤❡r❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥✳
✹✳ ❉♦ t❤♦✉ ❝❡❧❡❜r❛t❡ ✇✐t❤ ❛ ❝❤❛♥t ❛s ✐s ❦♥♦✇♥
t❤❡ ♠❛st❡r ♦❢ ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s ✖ Indra ✖
t❤❡ ✐♥❝✐t❡r ♦❢ ✇❤❛t✬s t♦ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ r❡❛❧✱ ♦✈❡rs❡❡r ♦❢ ✇❤❛t✬s r❡❛❧✦
✖✖
✺✳ ❖✈❡r t❤❡ s❛❝r✐✜❝✐❛❧ ❣r❛ss✱
✇❤❡r❡ ✇❡ ❝♦♠❡ t♦❣❡t❤❡r✱
t❛✇♥② ❬❞r♦♣s ♦❢ Soma ❥✉✐❝❡❪ ❤❛✈❡ ♣♦✉r❡❞ ♦✉t
✉♣♦♥ ♠✐❧❞ ❬❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s❪✳
✻✳ ❋♦r Indra ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s ♠✐❧❦ t❤❡ ♠✐①t✉r❡ ✖
✹
✇❤✐❝❤ ✐s ❤♦♥❡② ❢♦r t❤❡ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲✇✐❡❧❞❡r ✖
✇❤❛t❡✈❡r ❤❡ s❤❛❧❧ ✜♥❞ ✐♥ t✇✐sts ❛♥❞ t✉r♥s ❬♦❢ ❛ ❤②♠♥❪✳
✼✳ ❲❤❡♥ ❬Soma❪ ❛♥❞ Indra s❤❛❧❧ ❣♦ ✉♣ ❤♦♠❡✱
t♦ t❤❡ ❤✐❣❤❡st ♣♦✐♥t✱
✐♥ t❤❡ ❢♦♦t♣r✐♥t ♦❢ ❬♦✉r❪ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥ ✇❡ t✇♦✱ ✺
❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❞r❛♥❦ t❤❡ ❤♦♥❡② t❤r✐❝❡ s❡✈❡♥ ❬t✐♠❡s ❪✱ ✻
♠✐❣❤t ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s✳
✖✖

✶ tristubh ✖ ❛ ♠❡t❡r
..
✷ ✇♦r❞s
✸ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✾✳✻✼✳✷✻❛❜
✹ ❧✐t✳ ✏❝♦✇s✑
✺ Visnu
..
✻ ♣r♦❜✳ ✏❤❛✈✐♥❣ ♣❡r❢♦r♠❡❞ t❤r❡❡ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② ❝♦rr❡s♣♦♥❞✐♥❣ ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❛✲
t✐♦♥s ❜r❡❛t❤s ✐♥ ❡❛❝❤ ♦❢ t❤❡ s❡✈❡♥ ❝❛❦r❛s✑
✶✵✾✹

árcata prā´rcata prı́yamedhāso árcata |

árcantu putrakā´ utá púram
. ná dhr..sn.vàrcata || 8 ||

áva svarāti gárgaro godhā´ pári sanis.van.at |

pı́ṅgā pári canis.kadadı́ndrāya bráhmódyatam || 9 ||

ā´ yátpátantyenyàh. sudúghā ánapasphurah. |

apasphúram . gr.bhāyata sómamı́ndrāya pā´tave || 10 ||

ápādı́ndro ápādagnı́rvı́śve devā´ amatsata |

várun.a ı́dihá ks.ayattámā´po abhyànūs.ata
vatsám . sam. śı́śvarı̄riva || 11 ||

sudevó asi varun.a yásya te saptá sı́ndhavah. |

anuks.áranti kākúdam . sus.irā´miva || 12 ||
. sūrmyàm

yó vyátı̄m̃ . úpa dāśús.e |

. ráphān.ayatsúyuktām̃
takvó netā´ tádı́dvápurupamā´ yó ámucyata || 13 ||

át´ı̄du śakrá ohata ı́ndro vı́śvā áti dvı́s.ah. |

bhinátkan´ı̄na odanám . pacyámānam . paró girā´ || 14 ||
 ✶✵✾✺

✽✳ ❨❡ s❤❛❧❧ ♣r❛✐s❡ ❬❤✐♠❪ ✇✐t❤ ✈❡rs❡✱

②❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❝♦♠♠❡♥❞ ❬❤✐♠❪ ✇✐t❤ ✈❡rs❡✱
❖ priyamedha✲s✱ ②❡ s❤❛❧❧ ♣r❛✐s❡ ❬❤✐♠❪ ✇✐t❤ ❛ ✈❡rs❡✦
▲❡t ❡✈❡♥ ❧✐tt❧❡ s♦♥s ♣r❛✐s❡ ❬❤✐♠❪ ✇✐t❤ ❛ ✈❡rs❡✱
②❡ s❤❛❧❧ ♣r❛✐s❡ ❬❤✐♠❪ ✇✐t❤ ❛ ✈❡rs❡ ❛s ❬②❡ ✇♦✉❧❞❪ ❛ ❞❡✜❛♥t ❢♦rtr❡ss✳
✾✳ ❙✐♥❝❡ gargara t❛♣❡r❡❞ ♦✛✱ godhā s❤❛❧❧ ❦❡❡♣ ✇❤✐③③✐♥❣✱
✼ ✽
❛ ❜♦✇str✐♥❣ s❤❛❧❧ ❦❡❡♣ ❜r✐♥❣✐♥❣ ✉♣
t❤❡ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥ ✉♥❞❡rt❛❦❡♥ ❢♦r Indra✬s s❛❦❡✳
✶✵✳ ❲❤❡♥ ❞❛rt✐♥❣ ♥♦♥✲❧❛s❤✐♥❣✲♦✉t ✾
❛❜✉♥❞❛♥t ❬✐♥♥❡r ✇❛t❡rs❪ r✉s❤ ✐♥✱
s❡✐③❡ ②❡ ❧❛s❤✐♥❣ ♦✉t Soma
❢♦r Indra t♦ ❞r✐♥❦✦
✖✖
✶✶✳ Indra ❞r❛♥❦✱ Agni ❞r❛♥❦✱
❛❧❧ deva✲s ❜❡❝❛♠❡ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t❡❞ ✖
♦♥❧② Varuna s❤❛❧❧ r❡♠❛✐♥ ✐♥❤❡r❡ ✖
t❤❡ ✇❛t❡rs. ❤❛✈❡ ❢♦✉♥❞ t❤❡✐r ✇❛② t♦ ❤✐♠
❧✐❦❡ ❝♦✇s t♦✇❛r❞s ❛ s✐♥❣❧❡ ❝❛❧❢✳
✶✷✳ ❚❤♦✉ ❛r❡ ❛ ❣♦♦❞ deva✱ ❖ Varun.a✱
✐♥t♦ ✇❤♦s❡ ❣✉❧❧❡t ✭❬❛♥❞❪ ❢♦r t❤② s❛❦❡✮
t❤❡ s❡✈❡♥ r✐✈❡rs ✢♦✇
❛s ✐♥t♦ ♣r♦✈✐❞✐♥❣ ❡❛s② ✢♦✇ ❛rt❡r②✳
✖✖
✶✸✳ ❲❤♦ ❢♦r ❛ ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡r ♠❛❞❡ ♦♣♣♦s✐t❡s
✶✵
t♦ ❧❡❛♣ t♦✇❛r❞s ❜❡✐♥❣ ❤❛r♠♦♥✐♦✉s❧② ❝♦♠❜✐♥❡❞✱
t❤❡ ✐♥❞✉❝✐♥❣✲r✉s❤ ❣✉✐❞❡
✭❥✉st t❤❛t ❬✐s❪ ❛ ✇♦♥❞❡r❢✉❧ ❛♣♣❡❛r❛♥❝❡✮
✇❤♦ ✇❛s s❡t ❢r❡❡ ✐♥ t❤❡ ❝❧♦s❡st ♣r♦①✐♠✐t②✳
✶✹✳ ❊♠♣♦✇❡r✐♥❣ Indra ❛tt❡♥❞s t♦
✇❤❛t ✐s ❥✉st ❜❡②♦♥❞ ❛❧❧ ❤❛tr❡❞s✳
❇② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❛ ❝❤❛♥t t❤❡ ②♦✉t❤❢✉❧ ♦♥❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❛❢t❡r✇❛r❞s ♣✐❡r❝❡
✶✶
❜❡❝♦♠✐♥❣✲♠❛t✉r❡ ♣♦rr✐❞❣❡ ✳ ✶✷

✼❄
✽❛ ❧❡❛t❤❡r♥ ❢❡♥❝❡ ✇♦✉♥❞ r♦✉♥❞ ❛r♠ t♦ ♣r❡✈❡♥t ✐♥❥✉r② ❢r♦♠ ❛ ❜♦✇str✐♥❣ ✕
▼❲✳
✾ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❝♦♥tr♦❧❧❡❞ ✢♦✇ ❛♥❞ ❞✐str✐❜✉t✐♦♥
✶✵ Indra
✶✶ Indra
✶✷ ♣r♦❜✳ ✏t❤❡ ❜r❛✐♥✑
✶✵✾✻

arbhakó ná kumārakó ′dhi tis..thannávam. rátham |

sá paks.anmahis.ám mr
. . . gám pitré mātré vibhukrátum || 15 ||

ā´ tū´ suśipra dampate rátham

. tis..thā hiran.yáyam |
ádha dyuks.ám . sacevahi sahásrapādamarus.ám .
svastigā´manehásam || 16 ||

. ghemitthā´ namasvı́na úpa svarā´jamāsate |

tám
ártham
. cidasya súdhitam. yádétava āvartáyanti dāváne || 17 ||

ánu pratnásyaukasah
´ . priyámedhāsa es.ām |
pū´rvāmánu práyatim
. vr.ktábarhis.o hitáprayasa āśata || 18 ||
 ✶✵✾✼

✶✺✳ ❆s ✐❢ ❛ ✇❡❛❦ ❧✐tt❧❡ ❜♦②

❤❡ s❤❛❧❧ ♠♦✉♥t ❛ ♥❡✇ ❝❤❛r✐♦t✳
❖♥❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❬t❤✉s❪ s❡✐③❡ t❤❡ ✇✐❧❞ ❜✉✛❛❧♦
❬✇❤✐❝❤❪ ❢♦r ❢❛t❤❡r✱ ❢♦r ♠♦t❤❡r ❬✐s❪ ♦❢ ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥t r❡s♦✉r❝❡❢✉❧♥❡ss✳
✶✻✳ ▼♦✉♥t✱ t❤❡♥✱ ❖ ❝❤♦♦s② ♠❛st❡r ♦❢ t❤❡ ❤♦✉s❡❤♦❧❞✱
t❤❡ ❡♥❝❤❛♥t✐♥❣ ❝❤❛r✐♦t✦
❚❤❡♥ ✇❡ t✇♦ ♠✐❣❤t ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s
❬❛❧♦♥❣❪ ❡♠♣♦✇❡r❡❞✲❜②✲t❤❡✲❍❡❛✈❡♥ ✐♥❝♦♠♣❛r❛❜❧❡
❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞ st❡♣s ❧❡❛❞✐♥❣✲t♦✲❜❧❡ss✐♥❣s ✇❡❧❧✲❝♦♥tr♦❧❧❡❞ ❬♣❛t❤ ❪ ✳
✶✸ ✶✹ ✶✺
✖✖
✶✼✳ ❚❤✉s t❤❡② ✇❤♦ ❛r❡ ❢✉❧❧✲♦❢✲r❡✈❡r❡♥❝❡ r❡s♣❡❝t❢✉❧❧② ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤
❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ✐♥❞❡❡❞ ✐s s❡❧❢✲r✉❧✐♥❣ ✳ ✶✻
❆❧s♦✱ t❤❡ ❛✐♠ ❢♦r ❤✐♠ ✐s ✇❡❧❧✲♣r❡♣❛r❡❞
✇❤❡♥ t❤❡② ♠❛❦❡ ❬❤✐♠❪ t♦ t✉r♥ ❤❡r❡ ✐♥ ♦r❞❡r ❬❢♦r ❤✐♠❪ t♦ ❣✐✈❡✳
✶✽✳ ❚❤❡r❡✉♣♦♥ priyamedha✲s ♦❢ t❤❡s❡ ✖
✶✼
t❤❡②✱ ✇❤♦s❡ ❞❡❧✐❣❤t ✐s ♣r❡♣❛r❡❞ ❬❢♦r Indra❪✱
✇❤♦s❡ s❛❝r✐✜❝✐❛❧ ❣r❛ss ❤❛s ❜❡❡♥ t✇✐st❡❞ ✖
r❡❛❝❤ t❤❡ ♣r✐♦r ✐♥t❡♥t✐♦♥
♦❢ ❬r❡❛❝❤✐♥❣❪ t❤❡ ♣r✐♠♦r❞✐❛❧ ❛❜♦❞❡✳

✶✸ ❧✐t✳ ✏t❡♠♣❡r❡❞✑
✶✹ ♣r♦❜✳ t❤❡ s♣✐♥❛❧ ❝♦r❞
✶✺ ✐♥t❡r♣r❡t❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ t❤✐s st❛♥③❛ ❢♦❧❧♦✇s ❬❏❛♠✐s♦♥ ❛♥❞ ❇r❡r❡t♦♥✱ ✷✵✶✹✱ ♣✳✶✶✻✷❪
✶✻ Indra
✶✼ Priyamedha ✐s ♥♦t ♣r✐♠❛r✐❧② ❛ ❢❛♠✐❧② ♥❛♠❡ ❜✉t ♣r♣♦❜❛❜❧② ❞❡s✐❣♥❛t❡s t❤♦s❡
✇❤♦ ❤❛✈❡ ❡①♣❡r✐❡♥❝❡❞ t❤❡ st❛t❡ ♦❢ Indra
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✽✳✼✵

Puruhanman Āṅgirasa | ✶✕✻ Br.hatı̄ ❛❧t❡r♥❛t✐♥❣ ✇✐t❤ Satobr.hatı̄✱

✼✕✶✷ Br.hatı̄✱ ✶✸ Us.n.ih✱ ✶✹ Anus..thubh✱ ✶✺ Pura .us.n.ih | t♦ Indra

yó rā´jā cars.an.ı̄nā´m. yā´tā ráthebhirádhriguh. |

vı́śvāsām
. tarut ´
ā pŕ
. tanānām . jyés..tho yó vr.trahā´ gr.n.é || 1 ||

ı́ndram. tám. śumbha puruhanmannávase yásya dvitā´ vidhartári |

hástāya vájrah. práti dhāyi darśató mahó divé ná sū´ryah. || 2 ||

. kárman.ā naśadyáścakā´ra sadā´vr.dham |

nákis..tám
ı́ndram . ná yajñaırviśvágūrtamŕ
´ . bhvasam
. dhr..sn.vòjasam || 3 ||
ádhr..s.tam

ás.ā..dhamugrám . yásminmah´ı̄rurujráyah. |
. pŕ.tanāsu sāsahı́m
sám . dhenávo jāyamāne anonavurdyā´vah. ks.ā´mo anonavuh. || 4 ||
´

yáddyā´va indra te śatám

. śatám . bhū´mı̄rutá syúh. |
ná tvā vajrinsahásram. s ´
ū ryā ánu ná jātámas..ta ródası̄ || 5 ||

ā´ paprātha mahinā´ vŕ..sn.yā vr..sanvı́śvā śavis..tha śávasā |

asmā´m̃
. ava maghavangómati vrajé vájriñcitrā´bhirūtı́bhih. || 6 ||
 ✶✵✾✾

✶✳ ❲❤♦ ✐s t❤❡ ❝❤✐❡❢t❛✐♥ ♦❢ ❞r❛✇✐♥❣ t♦ t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s ✱ ✶

✐rr❡s✐st✐❜❧❡✱ tr❛✈❡❧s ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❝❤❛r✐♦ts✱
❞❡❧✐✈❡r❡r ♦❢ ❛❧❧ ❜❛tt❧❡s✱
✇❤♦ ✐s ❡①t♦❧❧❡❞ ❛s t❤❡ ♠♦st ❡①❝❡❧❧❡♥t s❧❛②❡r ♦❢ Vr.tra ✖
✷✳ r❡✐♥❢♦r❝❡ t❤❛t Indra✱ ❖ Puruhanman✱ ✇❤♦s❡ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t ✖
♠✐❣❤t②✱ ❝♦♥s♣✐❝✉♦✉s ❛s t❤❡ s✉♥ ❬✐s❪ ❢♦r t❤❡ s❦② ✖
✐s ❝❡rt❛✐♥❧② ♣❧❛❝❡❞ ✖ ✐♥ ♦r❞❡r t♦ ❤❡❧♣ ✖
✐♥t♦ ✇❤❛t ❛♣♣♦rt✐♦♥s ❬t❤❡ r❡❧❡❛s❡ ♦❢ ❢♦r❝❡❪ ❢♦r t❤❡ ❤❛♥❞ ❬t♦ ✉s❡❪✳
✸✳ ◆♦ ♦♥❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❣❡t t❤r♦✉❣❤ ❬❛♥ ❛❞✈❡rs❛r✐❛❧❪ ❛❝t✐♦♥ t♦ ❤✐♠
✇❤♦ ❤❛s ♣r❡♣❛r❡❞ ❛❧✇❛②s✲str❡♥❣t❤❡♥✐♥❣ ♦♥❡ ✖ ✷
❬✇❤♦ ✐s❪ ✇❡❧❝♦♠❡❞✲❜②✲❛❧❧ ❛s Indra ❬✐s❪ ✇✐t❤ ✜r❡ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣s✱
❬✇❤♦ ✐s❪ ♣r✉❞❡♥t ♥♦t✲t♦✲❜❡✐♥❣✲❞❛r❡❞
❬②❡t❪ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❤❡ ✈✐❣♦✉r t♦ ❞❡❢② ✖
✹✳ ✐♥ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ✐s ❜❡✐♥❣ ❬r❡✲❪❜♦r♥ ❬❛s Indra❪
♠✐❧❝❤✲❝♦✇s t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✜♥❞ t❤❡✐r ✇❛②
✸
t♦ t❤❡ ✐♥✈✐♥❝✐❜❧❡ ❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ✇❛②s t♦ ♣r❡✈❛✐❧ ✐♥ ❜❛tt❧❡s ♦♥❡
✹
❬✐♥ ❤✐♠✱❪ ✐♥ ✇❤♦♠ ♣♦t❡♥t ❡①t❡♥❞✐♥❣ ♦✈❡r ❛ ✇✐❞❡ s♣❛❝❡
❬✇❛t❡rs ❛r❡❪✳
❬■♥ s✉❝❤ ♦♥❡s❪ ❍❡❛✈❡♥s ❛♥❞ ❊❛rt❤s ✜♥❞ t❤❡✐r ✇❛② t♦❣❡t❤❡r
❬t♦ Indra❪✳
✺✳ ❲❤❡♥ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ❍❡❛✈❡♥s✱ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ❊❛rt❤s
♠✐❣❤t ❤❛✈❡ ❜❡❡♥ t❤②✱ ❖ Indra✱
♥♦r ❛ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞ s✉♥s ❛❢t❡r✇❛r❞s✱
✺
♥♦t ❜♦t❤ Rodas✲❡s ❜❡❝❛♠❡ ♠❛st❡rs ♦❢ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❡❞ t❤❡❡✱
❖ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲✇✐❡❧❞❡r✦
✻✳ ❲✐t❤ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ✐♥❝r❡❛s❡ ✐♥ s✐③❡✱
✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱ ❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♠♦st ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱
t❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ s✇❡❧❧❡❞ ❛❧❧ ♠❛♥❧② ♣♦✇❡rs✱ ❖ ❜✉❧❧✦
✻
❋❛✈♦✉r ✉s✱ ❖ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡✱ ✐♥ t❤❡ r✐❝❤✲✐♥✲❝♦✇s ❡♥❝❧♦s✉r❡
✼
✇✐t❤ ♥♦t✐❝❛❜❧❡ s✐❞❡✲❡✛❡❝ts✱ ❖ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲✇✐❡❧❞❡r✦
✖✖

✶ s❡♥s❡s
✷ ❛♥ ❛❞❡♣t ♦❢ Indra
✸ ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s
✹ Indra
✺ ❂ ❞r♦♣s ♦❢ Soma ✖ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✾✳✶✵✶✳✶✷
✻ ❧✐t✳ ✏✜❧❧❡❞ ✉♣✑
✼ r✐❝❤ ✐♥ ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s
✶✶✵✵

ná sı̄mádeva āpadı́s.am . dı̄rghāyo mártyah. |

étagvā cidyá étaśā yuyójate hárı̄ ı́ndro yuyójate || 7 ||

. vo mahó mahā´yyamı́ndram
tám . dānā´ya saks.án.im |
yó gādhés.u yá āran.es.u hávyo vā´jes.vásti hávyah. || 8 ||
´

údū .sú n.o vaso mahé mr.śásva śūra rā´dhase |

údū .sú mahyáı maghavanmagháttaya údindra śrávase mahé || 9 ||

. na indra .rtayústvānı́do nı́ tr.mpasi |

tvám
mádhye vasis.va tuvinr.mn.orvórnı́ dāsám. śiśnatho háthaih. || 10 ||

anyávratamámānus.amáyajvānamádevayum |
áva sváh. sákhā dudhuvı̄ta párvatah.
sughnā´ya dásyum . párvatah. || 11 ||

tvám
. na indrāsām . háste śavis..tha dāváne |
dhānā´nām
. ná sám
. gr.bhāyāsmayúrdvı́h. sám. gr.bhāyāsmayúh. || 12 ||
 ✶✶✵✶

✼✳ ❖ ♦♥❡ ✇❤♦s❡ ❛❣✐t❛t✐♦♥ ✐s ❞❡❡♣✦ ❆ ♠♦rt❛❧ ✇❤♦ ✐s ✇✐t❤♦✉t deva✲s

s❤❛❧❧ ♥♦t ♦❜t❛✐♥ ✐t ✖ t❤❡ ❞r❛✉❣❤t✳
❲❤♦ ❤❛s ❛❧s♦ ②♦❦❡❞ t❤❡ t✇♦ r✉s❤✐♥❣ ✢✐❝❦❡r✐♥❣ ♦♥❡s ✖ ✽
❬t❤❛t❪ Indra ❬✇❤♦❪ ❤❛s ②♦❦❡❞ t❤❡ t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s ✖
✽✳ ❬❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥❪ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ❢♦r ②♦✉r s❛❦❡ ✐s t♦ ❜❡ q✉✐❝❦❧② ❣❧❛❞❞❡♥❡❞ ✖
Indra✱ ❛ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥ t♦ s❤❛r❡ ❬✇✐t❤❪✱
✇❤♦ ✐♥ s❤❛❧❧♦✇s✱ ✇❤♦ ✐♥ ❞❡♣t❤s ❬✐s❪ t♦ ❜❡ ❝❛❧❧❡❞ ✉♣♦♥✱
✇❤♦ ✐s t♦ ❜❡ ❝❛❧❧❡❞ ✉♣♦♥ ❞✉r✐♥❣ r✉s❤❡s ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✳
✾✳ ❚♦✉❝❤ ✉s ✇❡❧❧ ✉♣ ❬❤❡r❡ ❪✱ ❖ ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧ ♦♥❡✱
✾
❢♦r ❛ ❣r❡❛t s❛t✐s❢❛❝t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❬♦✉r❪ ❞❡s✐r❡✱ ❖ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱
✇❡❧❧ ✉♣ ❬❤❡r❡❪ ❢♦r ♣♦t❡♥t ❣✐✈✐♥❣ ♦❢ ❬t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡❪✱
✉♣ ❬❤❡r❡❪✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❢♦r ❛ ♠✐❣❤t② ❛✉❞✐t♦r② ✐♠♣r❡ss✐♦♥✦
✶✵✳ ❋♦r ✉s t❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❬❛r❡❪ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ .rta✳
❚❤♦s❡ ✐♠♣♦s✐♥❣ ❝♦♥str❛✐♥ts ♦♥ t❤❡❡ t❤♦✉ ❞♦ ♥♦t s❛t✐s❢②✳
❉♦ ❡♥t❡r ✐♥t♦ ❜❡t✇❡❡♥ t❤❡ t❤✐❣❤s✱
❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ♠✉❝❤ ❝♦✉r❛❣❡ ♦♥❡✦
❚❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ♣✐❡r❝❡❞ t❤❡ ✜❡♥❞ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ❜❧♦✇s✳
✶✶✳ ❚❤② ♦✇♥ ❦♥♦tt② ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥ ♠✐❣❤t ❤❛✈❡ s❤❛❦❡♥ ♦✛
t❤❛t ✇❤✐❝❤ ✐s ✉♥❞❡r t❤❡ s✇❛② ♦❢ ❛♥♦t❤❡r✱ ✐♥❤✉♠❛♥✱
♥♦t✲❜❡✐♥❣✲❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞✲❜②✲❛✲s❛❝r✐✜❝❡✱
♥♦t✲s❡❡❦✐♥❣✲deva❀
t❤❡ ❦♥♦tt② ♦♥❡ ❬♠✐❣❤t ❤❛✈❡ s❤❛❦❡♥ ♦✛❪
t❤❡ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡ t♦ s✉✛❡r ✇❛♥t ❬t❤❛t t❤✉s ✐s❪ t♦✲❜❡✲❦✐❧❧❡❞✲❡❛s✐❧②✳
✶✷✳ ❚❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❬❛r❡ t❤❡ ♠❛st❡r❪ ♦❢ t❤❡s❡ ♦✉r ❬✐♥♥❡r ✇❛t❡rs❪
❛s ✐❢ ♦❢ ❣r❛✐♥s ✐♥ ❤❛♥❞ ✐♥ ♦r❞❡r t♦ ❣✐✈❡ ❬t❤❡♠ ♦✉t❪✱
❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♠♦st ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✦
❆ttr❛❝t✐♥❣ ✉s✱ ❞♦ ❣r❛s♣ ❬t❤❡♠❪ ❛❧t♦❣❡t❤❡r✦
❆♥❞ ❛❣❛✐♥✱ ❛ttr❛❝t✐♥❣ ✉s✱ t♦ ❣r❛s♣ ❬t❤❡♠❪ ❛❧t♦❣❡t❤❡r✦
✖✖

✽ t❤❡ ✐♥♥❡r ✜r❡ ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ♣❤②s✐❝❛❧ s❛❝r✐✜❝✐❛❧ ✜r❡

✾ ♣r♦❜✳ ✐♥ t❤❡ ājñā ❝❛❦r❛
✶✶✵✷

sákhāyah. krátumichata kathā´ rādhāma śarásya |

úpastutim . bhojáh. sūrı́ryó áhrayah. || 13 ||

bhū´ribhih. samaha .ŕ.sibhirbarhı́s.madbhi stavis.yase |

yáditthámékamekamı́chára vatsā´nparādádah. || 14 ||

. nastribhyá ā´nayat |
karn.agŕ.hyā maghávā śauradevyó vatsám
ajā´m
. sūrı́rná dh ´
ā tave || 15 ||
 ✶✶✵✸

✶✸✳ ❖ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s✱ ❡♥❞❡❛✈♦r t♦ ♦❜t❛✐♥ r❡s♦✉r❝❡❢✉❧♥❡ss✦

❍♦✇ s❤❛❧❧ ✇❡✱ ❝♦♥s❝✐♦✉s ♦❢ ♦✉r ♣♦✇❡r✱
❝❛rr② ♦✉t ❛♥ ✐♥✈✐t❛t♦r② ♣r❛✐s❡
♦❢ Śara ✇❤♦ ✐s t❤❡ ❜♦✉♥t✐❢✉❧ ✐♥st✐t✉t♦r ♦❢ t❤❡ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡❄
✶✹✳ ❆♥②❤♦✇✱ t❤♦✉ ✇✐❧❧ ❜❡ ♣r❛✐s❡❞ ❜② ♠❛♥② s❡❡rs
✇❤♦ ❬✇✐❧❧❪ s♣r❡❛❞ t❤❡ s❛❝r✐✜❝✐❛❧ ❣r❛ss
✐❢ t❤✉s✱ ♦♥❡✲❜②✲♦♥❡✱ ❖ Śara✱
t❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ ❣✐✈❡ ✉♣ t❤❡ ❝❛❧✈❡s ✳ ✶✵
✶✺✳ ❙❡✐③✐♥❣ ❬✐t❪ ❜② t❤❡ ❡❛r ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s s♦♥ ♦❢ Śuradevya
✶✶
❧❡❛❞ t❤❡ ❝❛❧❢ ❢♦r t❤❡ t❤r❡❡ ♦❢ ✉s ✖
t♦ s✉❝❦ s❤❡✲❣♦❛t ❛s t❤❡ ✐♥st✐t✉t♦r ♦❢ t❤❡ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡✳
✶✷

✶✵ ♣r♦❜✳ ✏❝❤❡r✐s❤❡❞ ❛♥❞ ❝❛r❡❞✲❢♦r ♦✇♥ r❡s♦❧✈❡s✱ ✐❞❡❛s✱ ❡♠♦t✐♦♥s✱ ❡t❝✳✑

✶✶ t❤❛t ✐s✱ ✏❞✐r❡❝t✐♥❣ ❤❡❛r✐♥❣ t♦ ♣❡r❢♦r♠❡rs ♦❢ t❤✐s ❤②♠♥✑
✶✷ ♣r♦❜✳ Prśni
.
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✽✳✼✻

Kurusuti Kān.va | Gāyatrı̄ | t♦ Indra

imám
. nú māyı́nam. huva ı́ndram´ı̄śānamójasā |
marútvantam
. ná . ñjáse || 1 ||
vr

ayámı́ndro marútsakhā vı́ vr.trásyābhinachı́rah. |

vájren.a śatáparvan.ā || 2 ||

vāvr.dhānó marútsakhéndro vı́ vr.trámairayat |

sr.jánsamudrı́yā apáh. || 3 ||

ayám. ha yéna vā´ idám

. svàrmarútvatā jitám |
ı́ndren.a sómapı̄taye || 4 ||

marútvantamr.jı̄s.ı́n.amójasvantam . virapśı́nam |
ı́ndram
. gı̄rbhı́rhavāmahe || 5 ||

ı́ndram . havāmahe |
. pratnéna mánmanā marútvantam
asyá sómasya pı̄táye || 6 ||

marútvām̃ . śatakrato |
. indra mı̄d.hvah. pı́bā sómam
asmı́nyajñé purus..tuta || 7 ||

túbhyédindra marútvate sutā´h. sómāso adrivah. |

hr.dā´ hūyanta ukthı́nah. || 8 ||

pı́bédindra marútsakhā sutám . dı́vis..tis.u |

. sómam
vájram. śı́śāna ójasā || 9 ||

uttı́s..thannójasā sahá pı̄tv´ı̄ śı́pre avepayah. |

sómamindra camū´ sutám || 10 ||

ánu tvā ródası̄ ubhé kráks.amān.amakr.petām |

ı́ndra yáddasyuhā´bhavah. || 11 ||

vā´camas..tā´padı̄mahám
. návasraktimr.taspŕ.śam |
ı́ndrātpári tanvàm. mame || 12 ||
 ✶✶✵✺

✶✳ ❚❤✐s ♦♥❡✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❢r❛♠❡ ❬✐❞❡❛s ❛♥❞ ♣❡r❝❡♣t✐♦♥❪✱

❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❢r❡♥③② ❜❡✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❝❤❛r❣❡ ♦❢ ❬t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡❪✱
❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② Marut✲s Indra✱ ■ ❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥ ♥♦✇ ✖
♥♦t t♦ ❡①❝❧✉❞❡ ❬t❤❡♠❪✳
✷✳ ❚❤✐s Indra✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ Marut✲s ❛s ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s✱
❞✐❞ s♣❧✐t ❛s✉♥❞❡r ✇✐t❤ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞✲❦♥♦tt❡❞ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t
t❤❡ ❤❡❛❞ ♦❢ Vrtra✳
✸✳ ❍❛✈✐♥❣ ❣r♦✇♥. str♦♥❣✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ Marut✲s ❛s ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s
Indra✱ ❧❡tt✐♥❣ ✢♦✇✐♥❣ ✐♥t♦ t❤❡ s❡❛ ✇❛t❡rs ❣♦✱
♠❛❞❡ Vrtra t♦ ❞❡❝❛②✳
✹✳ ❚r✉❧② t❤✐s. ♦♥❡✱ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② t❤❡ Marut✲s✱ ❬✐s ❤❡❪
❜② ✇❤♦♠ t❤✐s svàr ❬✐s❪ ❛❝q✉✐r❡❞✱
❜② Indra ✖ t♦ ❞r✐♥❦ Soma✳
✺✳ ❲✐t❤ ❝❤❛♥ts ✇❡ ❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥
❛tt❡♥❞❡❞ ❜② t❤❡ Marut✲s✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣✲❞✐r❡❝t✲✐♠♣❛❝t✱
❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② ✈✐❣♦✉r✱ ❡①✉❜❡r❛♥t Indra✳
✻✳ ❯s✐♥❣ ♣r✐♦r ♠❛♥✐❝ t❤♦✉❣❤t ✇❡ ❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥
Indra ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② Marut✲s
t♦ ❞r✐♥❦ t❤✐s Soma✳
✼✳ ❆❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② Marut✲s✱ ❖ ❜❡st♦✇✐♥❣ r✐❝❤❧② ♦♥❡✱
❞r✐♥❦ Soma✱ ❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ✇✐❧❡s ♦♥❡✱
❞✉r✐♥❣ t❤✐s ✜r❡ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣✱ ❖ ♠✉❝❤✲❡✉❧♦❣✐③❡❞ ♦♥❡✦
✽✳ ❏✉st ❢♦r t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Indra✱ ✇❤♦ ✐s ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② Marut✲s✱
❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❞r♦♣s ♦❢ Soma✱ ❖ st♦♥❡✲✇✐❡❧❞❡r✱
♦❢ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ✐s ✉tt❡r✐♥❣ ✈❡rs❡s ❛r❡ ♦✛❡r❡❞ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ❤❡❛rt✳
✾✳ ❏✉st ❞r✐♥❦✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ Marut✲s ❛s ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s✱
❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ Soma ❛t s❛❝r✐✜❝✐❛❧ r❡q✉❡st ❢♦r t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥✱
❬t❤♦✉✱❪ ✈✐❣♦r♦✉s❧② s❤❛r♣❡♥✐♥❣ t❤❡ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✦
✶✵✳ ❙♣r✐♥❣✐♥❣ ✉♣ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱
❞r✐♥❦✐♥❣ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ✐♥t♦ t❤❡ ❜♦✇❧ Soma✱
t❤♦✉ ♠❛❞❡ t❤❡ ❧✐♣s ❬♦❢ t❤② ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡r❪ q✉✐✈❡r✳
✶✶✳ ❇♦t❤ Rodas✲❡s ②❡❛r♥❡❞ ✶
❛❢t❡r t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❬✇❤♦ ✇❛s❪ r❛✈✐♥❣✱
✇❤❡♥ t❤♦✉ ❜❡❝❛♠❡ ❛ s❧❛②❡r ♦❢ t❤❡ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡ t♦ s✉✛❡r ✇❛♥t✳
✶✷✳ ❊✐❣❤t✲❢♦♦t❡❞ ♣❤r❛s❡ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ♥✐♥❡ ❡❞❣❡s ✷
t♦✉❝❤✐♥❣ .rta ❬❝♦♠✐♥❣❪ ❢r♦♠ Indra✱
■ ❤❛✈❡ ♠❡t❡❞ ♦✉t ❛r♦✉♥❞ t❤❡ ❜♦❞②✳
✶ ❢♦❧❧♦✇✐♥❣ ❬❏❛♠✐s♦♥ ❛♥❞ ❇r❡r❡t♦♥✱ ✷✵✶✹✱ ♣✳✶✶✼✹❪
✷ ♣r♦❜✳ ✏st♦♣s✑
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✽✳✼✼

Kurusuti Kān.va | ✶✕✾ Gāyatrı̄✱ ✶✵ Br.hatı̄✱ ✶✶ Satobr.hatı̄ | t♦ Indra

jajñānó nú śatákraturvı́ pr.chadı́ti mātáram |

ká ugrā´h. ké ha śr.n.vire || 1 ||

ā´dı̄m
. śavasyàbravı̄daurn.avābhámahı̄śúvam |
té putra santu nis..túrah. || 2 ||

sámı́ttā´nvr.trahā´khidatkhé arā´m̃
. iva khédayā |
právr.ddho dasyuhā´bhavat || 3 ||

ékayā pratidhā´pibatsākám
. sárām . śátam |
. si trim
ı́ndrah. sómasya kān.ukā´ || 4 ||

abhı́ gandharvámatr.n.adabudhnés.u rájassvā´ |

ı́ndro brahmábhya ı́dvr.dhé || 5 ||

nı́rāvidhyadgirı́bhya ā´ dhāráyatpakvámodanám |

ı́ndro bundám. svātatam || 6 ||

śatábradhna ı́s.ustáva sahásraparn.a éka ı́t |

yámindra cakr..sé yújam || 7 ||

téna stotŕ.bhya ā´ bhara nŕ.bhyo nā´ribhyo áttave |

sadyó jātá .rbhus..thira || 8 ||
 ✶✶✵✼

✶✳ ❏✉st ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❜❡❡♥ ❜♦r♥✱ ❤❡ ✇❤♦ ❤❛s ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ✇✐❧❡s

✇♦✉❧❞ q✉❡st✐♦♥ ❬❤✐s❪ ♠♦t❤❡r t❤✉s✱
✏❲❤♦ ❛r❡ ❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s ♦♥❡s❄ ❲❤♦ ❤❛✈❡ ❧❡❛r♥❡❞ ❬t❤❡ s❦✐❧❧s❪❄✑
✶
✷
✷✳ ❚❤❡♥ s❤❡ ✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱ t♦❧❞ ❤✐♠
❛❜♦✉t s✇❡❧❧❡❞ ❧✐❦❡ ❛ s♥❛❦❡ ❞❡s❝❡♥❞❛♥t ♦❢ t❤❡ s♣✐❞❡r ✱
✸
✏▲❡t t❤♦s❡ ❜❡ ❧❛❝❦✐♥❣ s♣❡❡❞ ❬❛s ❝♦♠♣❛r❡❞ t♦ t❤❡❡❪✱ ❖ s♦♥✦✑
✸✳ ❙❧❛②❡r ♦❢ Vr.tra ♣r❡ss❡❞ t❤♦s❡ t♦❣❡t❤❡r
❧✐❦❡ s♣♦❦❡s ✐♥t♦ ❛ ♥❛✈❡❀
t❤❡ s❧❛②❡r ♦❢ t❤❡ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡ t♦ s✉✛❡r ✇❛♥t
❜❡❝❛♠❡ ❬t❤❡r❡❢♦r❡❪ ✐♥t❡♥s❡✳
✖✖
✹✳ ❲✐t❤ ❛ s✐♥❣❧❡ ❝♦✉♥t❡r❛❝t✐♦♥
Indra ❞r❛♥❦ ♦✈❡r❛❧❧
t❤✐rt②
✹ ♣❛✐❧s ♦❢ Soma✳
✺✳ ■♥ ❡t❤❡r❡❛❧ r❡❣✐♦♥s
Indra ✉♥❧❡❛s❤❡❞ Gandharva
t♦ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥ ❥✉st ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t♦rs✳
✻✳ ❋r♦♠ ❡❧❡✈❛t❡❞ ❣r♦✉♥❞
✺ ❤❡ ♣✐❡r❝❡❞ ❬✇✐t❤ ❛ ❝❤❛♥t t❤❡ ♣♦rr✐❞❣❡✻ ❪✼ ✳
Indra ✽
s❤❛❧❧ ♠❛❦❡ ✏♠❛t✉r❡❞ ♣♦rr✐❞❣❡✑ ❤♦❧❞ ❢❛st
❬❛♥❞❪ t❤❡ ❛rr♦✇ ❬✜①❡❞ t♦❪ ✇❡❧❧✲str❡t❝❤❡❞ ❬❜♦✇❪✳
✼✳ ❚❤② ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ r✉❞❞② ♦♥❡s
✾ ❛rr♦✇✱
✇❤✐❝❤ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ ♠❛❞❡ ❬t❤②❪ ②♦❦❡♠❛t❡✱
✐s t❤❡ ♦♥❧② ♦♥❡ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞ ❢❡❛t❤❡rs
✶✵ ✳
✽✳ ❲✐t❤ t❤❛t ❬❛rr♦✇❪ ❞♦ ❜r✐♥❣ ❤❡r❡ ❢♦r ❬t❤②❪ ♣r❛✐s❡rs
❢♦r ♠❡♥✱ ❢♦r ✇♦♠❡♥ t♦ ❝♦♥s✉♠❡
✶✶ ❬t❤❛t ♣♦rr✐❞❣❡❪✱
❬t❤♦✉❪ ✖ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❡❞ ✐♥ t❤❡ ✈❡r② ♠♦♠❡♥t✱
❖ ♦♥❡ ✇❤♦s❡ s❦✐❧❧s ❛r❡ ♥♦t ✇❛✈❡r✐♥❣✦

✶ t❤✐s ❧✐♥❡ ✐s t❤❡ s❛♠❡ ❛s ✽✳✹✺✳✹❝

✷ Prśni
.
✸❆✉ rnavabhá
✹ ♣r♦❜✳ ❝♦✉♥t✐♥❣ ❛❧❧ ♣❛rt✐❝✐♣❛♥ts ♦❢ t❤❡ Soma ❧✐❜❛t✐♦♥
✺ ❧✐t✳ ✏❢r♦♠ ♠♦✉♥t❛✐♥s✑✱ t❤❛t ✐s✱ ❢r♦♠ ✐♥♥❡r ❧♦❝✐ ♦❢ ❛tt❡♥t✐♦♥ t❤❛t ❛❧❧♦✇ ❢♦r
♦❜s❡r✈✐♥❣
✻ ✏t❤❡ ❜r❛✐♥✑
✼ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✽✳✻✾✳✶✹❝❞❀ ✐♥ r✐t✉❛❧s ❡①♣❧✐❝✐t❧② ♦✛❡r✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❜r❛✐♥ t♦ ❛ deva
✐t ✐s ❝❛❧❧❡❞ purodāśa ✖ s❡❡ ❬❈❛rr✐✱ ✷✵✵✵✱ ♣✳✻✹❪ ❢♦r ❛ ❞✐s❝✉ss✐♦♥✳
✽ t❤❛t ✐s✱ ✏t❤❡ ❜r❛✐♥ ♣r❡♣❛r❡❞ ❢♦r Indra✑
✾ ♣r♦❜✳ ✏❜❧♦♦❞ ✈❡ss❡❧s✑
✶✵ ♣r♦❜✳ ✏✢②✐♥❣ str❛✐❣❤t ❛♥❞ ✉♥✇❛✈❡r✐♥❣✑
✶✶ t❤❛t ✐s✱ ✏t♦ ♠❛❦❡ ✐t t❤❡✐r ♦✇♥✑
✶✶✵✽

etā´ cyautnā´ni te kr.tā´ várs.is..thāni párı̄n.asā |

hr.dā´ vı̄d.vàdhārayah. || 9 ||

vı́śvéttā´ vı́s.n.urā´bharadurukramástvés.itah. |
śatám. mahis.ā´nks.ı̄rapākámodanám . varāhámı́ndra emus.ám || 10 ||

tuviks.ám
. te súkr.tam . sūmáyam . dhánuh. sādhúrbundó hiran.yáyah. |
ubhā´ te bāhū´ rán.yā súsam
. . ta .rdūpé cidr.dūvŕ.dhā || 11 ||
skr
 ✶✶✵✾

✾✳ ❚❤❡s❡ ♠♦st✲❛❞✈❛♥❝❡❞ ❝♦♥tr✐✈❛♥❝❡s✱

❝✉❧t✐✈❛t❡❞ ✐♥ ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥❝❡ ❢♦r t❤② s❛❦❡✱
t❤♦✉ ✜r♠❧② ❬✇❤♦❧❡✲❪❤❡❛rt❡❞❧② ❝❛✉s❡❞ t♦ ♣❡rs✐st✳
✖✖
✶✵✳ ❉r✐✈❡♥ ❜② t❤❡❡ ✇✐❞❡✲str✐❞✐♥❣ Vis.n.u
❜r♦✉❣❤t ❛❧❧ t❤♦s❡ ❬❝♦♥tr✐✈❛♥❝❡s t♦ ❢r✉✐t✐♦♥❪✳
Indra ❬❞❡✈♦✉r❡❞❪ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ❜✉✛❛❧♦❡s✱
✏❝♦♦❦❡❞ ✐♥ ♠✐❧❦② s❛♣ ♣♦rr✐❞❣❡✑
✶✷
✶✸
❬❛♥❞❪ ♣❡r♥✐❝✐♦✉s ❜♦❛r ✳
✶✶✳ ❚❤② ✇❡❧❧✲s❤❛♣❡❞ ✇❡❧❧✲♠❛❞❡ ❜♦✇ ❬✐s❪ ✈❡r② ❞❡str✉❝t✐✈❡✱
❬t❤②❪ ❡♥❝❤❛♥t✐♥❣ ❛rr♦✇ ❬✐s❪ ❧❡❛❞✐♥❣ str❛✐❣❤t t♦ ❛ ❣♦❛❧✱
❜♦t❤ t❤② ❛r♠s✱ ✇❡❧❧✲❢♦r♠❡❞✱ ❬❛r❡❪ ✜t ❢♦r ✜❣❤t✐♥❣ ✖
❬❜♦t❤ ❛r❡❪ ♣r♦t❡❝t✐♥❣ ❡✈❡♥ tr❛♠♣❧❡❞ ❞♦✇♥ ♦♥❡✱
str❡♥❣t❤❡♥✐♥❣ tr❛♠♣❧❡❞ ❞♦✇♥ ♦♥❡✳

✶✷t❤❡ ❜r❛✐♥ tr❛♥s❢♦r♠❡❞ ❜② Soma ❥✉✐❝❡

. . ✖ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✶✳✻✶✳✼❝❞
✶✸ Visnu
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✽✳✼✽

Kurusuti Kān.va | ✶✕✾ Gāyatrı̄✱ ✶✵ Br.hatı̄ | t♦ Indra

puro..dā´śam. no ándhasa ı́ndra sahásramā´ bhara |

śatā´ ca śūra gónām || 1 ||

ā´ no bhara vyáñjanam . gā´máśvamabhyáñjanam |

sácā manā´ hiran.yáyā || 2 ||

utá nah. karn.aśóbhanā purū´n.i dhr..sn.avā´ bhara |

. hı́ śr.n.vis.é vaso || 3 ||
tvám

. vr.dhı̄ká indra te ná sus.ā´ ná sudā´ utá |

nákı̄m
´
nānyástváchūra vāghátah. || 4 ||

nákı̄mı́ndro nı́kartave ná śakráh. páriśaktave |

. śr.n.oti páśyati || 5 ||
vı́śvam

sá manyúm . mártyānāmádabdho nı́ cikı̄s.ate |

purā´ nidáścikı̄s.ate || 6 ||

. turásyāsti vidhatáh. |
krátva ı́tpūrn.ámudáram
vr.traghnáh. somapā´vnah. || 7 ||

tvé vásūni sám

. gatā vı́śvā ca soma saubhagā
´ |
sudā´tváparihvr.tā || 8 ||

tvā´mı́dyavayúrmáma kā´mo gavyúrhiran.yayúh. |

tvā´maśvayúrés.ate || 9 ||

távédindrāhámāśásā háste dā´tram

. canā´ dade |
dinásya vā maghavansámbhr.tasya vā pūrdhı́ yávasya kāśı́nā || 10 ||
 ✶✶✶✶

✶✳ ■♥ ❝♦♥s❡q✉❡♥❝❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❤❡r❜✱ ❜r✐♥❣ ❤❡r❡ ❢♦r ✉s✱ ❖ Indra✱

❬❤❛✈✐♥❣❪ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞ ❬❡✛❡❝ts❪ s❛❝r✐✜❝✐❛❧ ❝❛❦❡
❛♥❞ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞s ♦❢ ❝♦✇s✱ ❖ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✦
✷✳ ❇r✐♥❣ ❤❡r❡ ❢♦r ✉s ❛♥ ✐♥❞✐❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥ ✱
✶
❬❛♥❞❪ ❣✐❧❞❡❞ ❬❜② ✐t❪ r❤②t❤♠
✷
❛❧♦♥❣ ✇✐t❤ ❡♥❝❤❛♥t✐♥❣ ③❡❛❧✦
✸✳ ❆♥❞ ❜r✐♥❣ ❢♦r ✉s✱ ❖ ❞❡✜❛♥t ♦♥❡✱
♠❛♥② r❡✐♥❢♦r❝✐♥❣ ❬t❤②❪ ❤❡❛r✐♥❣ ❬✈❡rs❡s❪ ✖
✸
s✐♥❝❡ t❤♦✉ ❤❡❛r ❬t❤✐s ❝❛❧❧❪✱ ❖ ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧ ♦♥❡✦
✹✳ ❬❚❤❡r❡ ✐s❪ ♥♦ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥✐♥❣ ❛ ❧✐tt❧❡ ♦❢ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Indra✦
❬❚❤❡r❡ ✐s❪ ♥♦ ❡❛s✐❧② ❣❛✐♥✐♥❣ ❛♥❞ ♥♦ ❣✐✈✐♥❣✲❜♦✉♥t✐❢✉❧❧② ♦♥❡
♦t❤❡r t❤❛♥ ❡①❡rt✐♥❣ ❤✐♠s❡❧❢ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✦
✺✳ ◆❡✈❡r Indra ✐s t♦ ❜❡ s✉❜❞✉❡❞✱
♥♦r ❬❤❡✱❪ ❡♠♣♦✇❡r✐♥❣✱ ❬✐s❪ t♦ ❜❡ ♦✉t♠❛t❝❤❡❞❀
❤❡ ❤❡❛rs ❬❛♥❞❪ s❡❡s ❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣✳
✻✳ ❍❡✱ ✉♥✐♠♣❛✐r❡❞✱ s❡❡❦s t♦ ♣✐❧❡ ✉♣
t❤❡ ❛♥❣❡r ♦❢ ♠♦rt❛❧s ✖
❤❡ s❡❡❦s t♦ ♣✐❧❡ ✉♣ ❬✐t❪ ❜❡❢♦r❡ ❬s❡❧❢✲❪✐♠♣♦s❡❞ ❝♦♥str❛✐♥t✳
✼✳ ❇❡❝❛✉s❡ ♦❢ ❬t❤②❪ r❡s♦✉r❝❡❢✉❧♥❡ss ✖
♦❢ s❧❛②✐♥❣✲Vrtra✱ ♦❢ Soma✲❞r✐♥❦❡r ♦♥❡ ✖
t❤❡ ❜❡❧❧② ♦❢ .❛ ✇✐❧❧✐♥❣ ❤♦♥♦r✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡❡ ♠❛♥❪ ✐s ❢✉❧❧✳
✽✳ ■♥ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Soma✱ ❛❧❧ ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧
❛♥❞ ❢♦rt✉♥❛t❡ ❬t❤✐♥❣s❪ ❝♦♠❡ t♦❣❡t❤❡r❀
✉♥❞✐st♦rt❡❞✱ ❬t❤❡② ❛r❡❪ ❛ ❣♦♦❞ ❛❧❧♦tt❡❞ s❤❛r❡✳
✖✖
✾✳ ❏✉st t♦✇❛r❞s t❤❡❡ ♠② ❧♦♥❣✐♥❣ t❤❛t s❡❡❦s ❜❛r❧❡②✱
t❤❛t s❡❡❦s ❝♦✇s✱ t❤❛t s❡❡❦s ❣♦❧❞✱
t❤❛t s❡❡❦s ❤♦rs❡s✱ ❤❛st❡♥s ✖ t♦✇❛r❞s t❤❡❡✦
✶✵✳ ■ ❛♠ ♦♥❧② t❤②✱ ❖ Indra✱ t❤r♦✉❣❤ ❛ ❤♦♣❡ ❬❢♦r t❤② ❤❡❧♣❪✳
■ ❤❛✈❡ ♥♦t r❡❝❡✐✈❡❞ ❡✈❡♥ ❛❧❧♦tt❡❞ ❬t♦ ♠❡❪ ♣♦rt✐♦♥ ✖
s❛t❡ ❬♠❡❪ ✇✐t❤ ❛ ✜st ♦❢ ❜❛r❧❡② ✖ ✇❤❡t❤❡r ❬♦♥❧②❪ ❝✉t ♦r ❜✉♥❞❧❡❞✦

✶ ❧✐t✳ ✏❝♦✇✑
✷ ❧✐t✳ ✏❤♦rs❡✑
✸ ❧✐t✳ ✏❡❛r✑
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✽✳✽✵

Ekadyū Naudhasa | ✶✕✾ Gāyatrı̄✱ ✶✵ Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra

. ba..dā´karam
nahyànyám . mard.itā´ram
. śatakrato |
tvám
. na indra mr daya
. .. || 1 ||

yó nah. śáśvatpurā´vithā´mr.dhro vā´jasātaye |

. na indra mr...daya || 2 ||
sá tvám

kı́maṅgá radhracódanah. sunvānásyāvitédasi |

kuvı́tsvindra n.ah. śákah. || 3 ||

ı́ndra prá n.o ráthamava paścā´ccitsántamadrivah. |

purástādenam . me kr.dhi || 4 ||

hánto nú kı́māsase prathamám . kr.dhi |

. no rátham
upamám. vājayú śrávah
. || 5 ||

ávā no vājayúm. rátham . te kı́mı́tpári |

. sukáram
asmā´nsú jigyús.askr.dhi || 6 ||

ı́ndra dŕ.hyasva pū´rasi bhadrā´ ta eti nis.kr.tám |

. dh´ı̄rr.tvı́yāvatı̄ || 7 ||
iyám

mā´ sı̄mavadyá ā´ bhāgurv´ı̄ kā´.s.thā hitám

. dhánam |
apā´vr.ktā aratnáyah. || 8 ||

tur´ı̄yam . nā´ma yajñı́yam

. yadā´ kárastáduśmasi |
ā´dı́tpátirna ohase || 9 ||

ávı̄vr.dhadvo amr.tā ámandı̄dekadyū´rdevā utá yā´śca devı̄h. |

tásmā u rā´dhah. kr.n.uta praśastám
.
prātármaks.ū´ dhiyā´vasurjagamyāt || 10 ||
 ✶✶✶✸

✶✳ ❙✐♥❝❡ ■ ❞✐❞♥✬t r❡❛❧❧② ❝❛✉s❡❞ s♦♠❡♦♥❡ ❡❧s❡

t♦ ❜❡ ❝♦♠♣❛ss✐♦♥❛t❡✱ ❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ✇✐❧❡s ♦♥❡✱
❜❡ ❦✐♥❞ t♦ ✉s✱ ❖ Indra✦
✷✳ ❲❤♦✱ ✐♥❞❡❢❛t✐❣❛❜❧❡ t♦ ♦❜t❛✐♥ t❤❡ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱
❤❛s t✐♠❡ ❛♥❞ ❛❣❛✐♥ ❢❛✈♦✉r❡❞ ✉s ❜❡❢♦r❡ ✖
s✉❝❤ t❤♦✉ ❜❡ ❦✐♥❞ t♦ ✉s✱ ❖ Indra✦
✸✳ ❍♦✇ ♠✉❝❤ ✏✐♥s♣✐r✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♠❡❡❦✑ t❤♦✉ ❛r❡
❬❜❡✐♥❣❪ ❥✉st ❛ ❤❡❧♣❡r ♦❢ ♣r❡ss✐♥❣✲❬❙♦♠❛❪ ♦♥❡❄
❲♦✉❧❞ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❡♠♣♦✇❡r ✉s❄
✹✳ ❖ Indra✱ ❢❛✈♦✉r ♦✉r ❝❤❛r✐♦t ✖
❡✈❡♥ ❜❡✐♥❣ ❜❡❤✐♥❞ ♦♥❡✱ ❖ st♦♥❡✲✇✐❡❧❞❡r✦
❋♦r ♠❡ ♠❛❦❡ t❤❛t ♦♥❡ ❜❡✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❢r♦♥t✦
✺✳ ❈♦♠❡ ♦♥ ♥♦✇✦ ❆r❡ t❤♦✉ ♣r❡s❡♥t❄
▼❛❦❡ ♦✉r ❝❤❛r✐♦t t❤❡ ✜rst✦
❬▼❛❦❡❪ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ t❤❡ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r ❛✉❞✐t♦r② ✐♠♣r❡ss✐♦♥
♠♦st ❡①❝❡❧❧❡♥t✦
✻✳ ❆✐❞ ♦✉r s❡❡❦✐♥❣✲❛✲r✉s❤✲♦❢✲✈✐❣♦✉r ❝❤❛r✐♦t✦
❬❚❤❛t✬s❪ ❡❛s② ❢♦r t❤❡❡ t♦ ❞♦✦ ❏✉st ✇❤❛t ❛❜♦✉t ❬✐t❪❄
◗✉✐❝❦❧② ♠❛❦❡ ✉s ✈✐❝t♦r✐♦✉s✦
✼✳ ▼❛❦❡ t❤②s❡❧❢ str♦♥❣✱ ❖ Indra✦ ❚❤♦✉ ❛r❡ ❛ str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞✦
❆✉s♣✐❝✐♦✉s ❢♦r t❤❡❡✱ ✐t ❣♦❡s t♦✇❛r❞s t❤❡ ♣❧❛❝❡
✇❤❡r❡ ❬t❤♦✉❪ ❝♦♠❡ ♦✉t ✖
t❤✐s ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥ ❬t❤❛t ✐s❪ r❡❛❞② ❢♦r ❝♦♥❝❡✐✈✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡❡❪✳
✽✳ ❉♦ ♥♦t ♠❛❦❡ ✐t
✶ ♣❛rt❛❦❡ ♦❢ ❞✐s❣r❛❝❡✦
❘❛❝✐♥❣ tr❛❝❦ ❬✐s❪ ✇✐❞❡✱ t❤❡ ♣r✐③❡ ❬✐s❪ s❡t✱
❡❧❜♦✇s ❤❛✈❡ ❜❡❡♥ t✇✐st❡❞ ♦✉t✇❛r❞ ✳
✷
✾✳ ❲❤❡♥ t❤♦✉ ✇♦✉❧❞ ♠❛❦❡ t❤❡ ❢♦✉rt❤ ❝❤❛r❛❝t❡r✐st✐❝
✸
✇♦rt❤② ♦❢ ❛ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡ ✖ ✇❡ ❞❡s✐r❡ t❤❛t ✖
♦♥❧② ❛❢t❡r t❤❛t t❤♦✉ ❬✇✐❧❧ ❜❡❪ ❝♦♥s✐❞❡r❡❞ ♦✉r ♣r♦t❡❝t♦r✳
✶✵✳ Ekadyū s❤❛❧❧ ❝❛✉s❡ ②❡✱ ❖ ✐♠♠♦rt❛❧s✱
t♦ ❣r♦✇ str♦♥❣❡r ✖ ❤❡ ❤❛s ✐♥✢❛♠❡❞ ❬②❡❪✱
❖ deva✲s✱ ❛♥❞ ❬t❤♦s❡❪ ✇❤✐❝❤ ❬❛r❡❪ devı̄✲s✦
❉♦ ❡✛❡❝t ❢♦r ❤✐♠ ❬t❤❛t❪ s❛t✐s❢❛❝t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❬❤✐s❪ ❞❡s✐r❡
❬✇❤✐❝❤ ✐s❪ ❝♦♥s✐❞❡r❡❞ ✜t ✖
❬s♦ t❤❛t❪ ❤❡✱ ✇❤♦s❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡ ✐s ❬❣✐✈❡♥❪ ❜② ❛ ✈✐s✐♦♥✱
♠✐❣❤t ❝♦♠❡ ♣r♦♠♣t❧②✱ ❛t ❞❛②❜r❡❛❦✦

✶ ♣r♦❜✳ ✏t❤❡ ❝❤❛r✐♦t✑

✷ ❢♦❧❧♦✇✐♥❣ ❬❏❛♠✐s♦♥ ❛♥❞ ❇r❡r❡t♦♥✱ ✷✵✶✹✱ ♣✳✶✶✼✾❪
✸ ♣r♦❜✳ ✏✐♥s♣✐r✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♠❡❡❦✑ ❢r♦♠ ✽✳✽✵✳✸❛
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✽✳✽✶

Kusı̄din Kān.va | Gāyatrı̄ | t♦ Indra

ā´ tū´ na indra ks.umántam. citrám

. grābhám . gr.bhāya |
. sám
mahāhast´ı̄ dáks.in.ena || 1 ||

vidmā´ hı́ tvā tuvikūrmı́m . tuv´ı̄magham |

. tuvı́des.n.am
tuvimātrámávobhih. || 2 ||

nahı́ tvā śūra devā´ ná mártāso dı́tsantam |

. ná gā´m
bhı̄mám . vāráyante || 3 ||

éto nvı́ndram . vásvah. svarā´jam |

. stávāméśānam
´
ná rādhasā mardhis.annah. || 4 ||

prá stos.adúpa gāsis.achrávatsā´ma gı̄yámānam |

abhı́ rā´dhasā jugurat || 5 ||

ā´ no bhara dáks.in.enābhı́ savyéna prá mr.śa |

ı́ndra mā´ no vásornı́rbhāk || 6 ||

úpa kramasvā´ bhara dhr..satā´ dhr..sn.o jánānām |

ádāśūs..tarasya védah. || 7 ||

ı́ndra yá u nú te ásti vā´jo vı́prebhih. sánitvah. |

asmā´bhih. sú tám
. sanuhi || 8 ||

sadyojúvaste vā´jā asmábhyam . viśváścandrāh. |

váśaiśca maks.ū´ jarante || 9 ||
 ✶✶✶✺

✶✳ ◆♦✇✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❧❛r❣❡ ❤❛♥❞s✱ ❞♦ ❣r❛s♣ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ r✐❣❤t ❬❤❛♥❞❪

♦✉r ♥♦✉r✐s❤✐♥❣ ❝❛♣t✉r✐♥❣ ❛tt❡♥t✐♦♥ ❬♦♥❡❪ ✖
♦♥❡ ✇❤♦ s❡✐③❡s ✖
✶
✷✳ s✐♥❝❡ ✇❡ ❤❛✈❡ ❢♦✉♥❞ t❤❡❡ ❬t♦ ❜❡❪
s❤✐❡❧❞✐♥❣ str♦♥❣❧②✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ♠❛♥② ❣✐❢ts✱ ✈❡r② ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s✱
❜② ♠❡❛♥s✲♦❢✲❬t❤②❪✲❢❛✈♦✉rs ❡♥♦r♠♦✉s✱
✸✳ s✐♥❝❡ ♥❡✐t❤❡r deva✲s ♥♦r ♠♦rt❛❧s
❤✐♥❞❡r ❬t❤❡❡❪ ❛s ❬t❤❡② ✇♦✉❧❞❪ ❛ ❢❡❛rs♦♠❡ ❜✉❧❧
❞❡s✐r✐♥❣✲t♦✲❣✐✈❡ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✦
✖✖
✹✳ ❈♦♠❡ ②❡ ❤❡r❡ ❛t ♦♥❝❡✦ ▲❡t ✉s ❡①t♦❧ ✷
❜❡✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❝❤❛r❣❡ ♦❢ ✇❤❛t✬s ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧✱ s❡❧❢✲r✉❧✐♥❣ ♦♥❡ ✦
✸
❍❡ s❤❛❧❧ ♥♦t ♥❡❣❧❡❝t t♦ s❛t✐s❢② ♦✉r ❞❡s✐r❡✳
✺✳ ❍❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❝♦♠♠❡♥❝❡✱ ❤❡ ✇✐❧❧ s❡❡❦ t♦ ❥♦✐♥ s✐♥❣✐♥❣✱
❤❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❤❡❛r sā´man t❤❛t ✐s ❜❡✐♥❣ s✉♥❣✱
❤❡ ✇✐❧❧ ❛ss❡♥t ❜② s❛t✐s❢②✐♥❣ ❬♦✉r❪ ❞❡s✐r❡✳
✖✖
✻✳ ❇r✐♥❣ ❬t❤❛t❪ ❤❡r❡ ❢♦r ✉s ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ r✐❣❤t ❬❤❛♥❞❪
✐♥ ♦r❞❡r t♦ t♦✉❝❤ ❬✉s❪ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ❧❡❢t✦
❖ Indra✱ ❞♦ ♥♦t ❡①❝❧✉❞❡ ✉s ❢r♦♠ ✇❤❛t✬s ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧✦
✼✳ ❆♣♣r♦❛❝❤✦ ❇♦❧❞❧②✱ ❖ ❞❛r✐♥❣ ♦♥❡✱ ❜r✐♥❣ ❤❡r❡
❬t❤❡ ❝❤❡r✐s❤❡❞ s✉♣❡r✐♦r✐t② ♦✈❡r❪ ♣❡♦♣❧❡ ✖
✹
t❤❡ ♣r♦♣❡rt② ♦❢ t❤❡ ✐♠♣✐♦✉s ♦♥❡✦
✽✳ ❖ Indra✱ ✇❤❛t st✐❧❧ ✐s t❤② r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r
❬t❤❛t ✐s❪ t♦ ❜❡ ❛❝q✉✐r❡❞ ❜② ✐♥✇❛r❞❧②✲❡①❝✐t❡❞ ♦♥❡s✱
❛❝q✉✐r❡ t❤❛t q✉✐❝❦❧② ✇✐t❤ ✉s✦
✖✖
✾✳ ❚❤② ❛♥✐♠❛t✐♥❣✲❛t✲♦♥❝❡ r✉s❤❡s ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r
❬t❤❛t❪ ❢♦r ✉s ❬❛r❡❪ r❛❞✐❛t✐♥❣ t❤r♦✉❣❤ ❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣
❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤ ♣r♦♠♣t❧② ❛♥❞ ✐♥ ❛❝❝♦r❞ ✇✐t❤ ❬♦✉r❪ ✇✐s❤❡s✳

✶ Soma
✷ t❤✐s ❧✐♥❡ ✐s t❤❡ s❛♠❡ ❛s ✽✳✷✹✳✶✾❛
✸ Indra
✹ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✽✳✷✹✳✹
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✽✳✽✷

Kusı̄din Kān.va | Gāyatrı̄ | t♦ Indra

ā´ prá drava parāváto ′rvāvátaśca vr.trahan |

mádhvah. práti prábharman.i || 1 ||

tı̄vrā´h. sómāsa ā´ gahi sutā´so mādayis.n.ávah. |

pı́bā dadhŕ.gyáthocis.é || 2 ||

is.ā´ mandasvā´du té ′ram

. várāya manyáve |
bhúvatta indra śám . hr.dé || 3 ||

ā´ tvaśatravā´ gahi nyùkthā´ni ca hūyase |

upamé rocané diváh. || 4 ||

túbhyāyámádribhih. sutó góbhih. śrı̄tó mádāya kám |

prá sóma indra hūyate || 5 ||

ı́ndra śrudhı́ sú me hávamasmé sutásya gómatah. |

. tr.ptı́maśnuhi || 6 ||
vı́ pı̄tı́m

yá indra camasés.vā´ sómaścamū´.su te sutáh. |

pı́bédasya tvámı̄śis.e || 7 ||

yó apsú candrámā iva sómaścamū´.su dádr.śe |

pı́bédasya tvámı̄śis.e || 8 ||

yám. te śyenáh. padā´bharattiró rájām

. syáspr.tam |
pı́bédasya tvámı̄śis.e || 9 ||
 ✶✶✶✼

✶✳ ❍❡r❡ r✉s❤ ❢♦rt❤ ❢r♦♠ ❛❢❛r

♦r ❢r♦♠ ♥❡❛r❜②✱ ❖ Vrtra✲s❧❛②❡r✱
t♦ ♣r❡s❡♥t✐♥❣ ♦❢ t❤❡ .❤♦♥❡②✦
✷✳ ❈♦♠❡✦ P✉♥❣❡♥t ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ Soma ❞r♦♣s
❬❛r❡❪ ♣r❡❞✐s♣♦s❡❞ t♦ ❣❧❛❞❞❡♥✳
❉r✐♥❦ ❜♦❧❞❧② ❛s t❤♦✉ ❛r❡ ❢♦♥❞ t♦✦
✸✳ ◆♦✇ t❤❡♥✱ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t❡ t❤②s❡❧❢ ✇✐t❤ ❛ ❧✐❜❛t✐♦♥
✜t❧② t♦ t❤② ♣r❡❝✐♦✉s ❛♥❣❡r ✖
✐t s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❛✉s♣✐❝✐♦✉s ❢♦r t❤②✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❤❡❛rt✳
✹✳ ❚❤❡♥✱ ❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ♥♦ r✐✈❛❧s ♦♥❡✱ ❝♦♠❡✦
❲✐t❤ r❡❝✐t❡❞ ✈❡rs❡s t❤♦✉ ❛r❡ ✐♥✈♦❦❡❞
✐♥t♦ t❤❡ ❤✐❣❤❡st ❧✉♠✐♥♦✉s s♣❤❡r❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥✳
✺✳ ❋♦r t❤❡❡ ✖ ✐♥ ♦r❞❡r t♦ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t❡ ✖
t❤✐s ♣r❡ss❡❞ ♦✉t ✇✐t❤ st♦♥❡s✱ ♠✐①❡❞ ✇✐t❤ ♠✐❧❦
Soma ✐s ❝❛❧❧❡❞ ❢♦rt❤✳
✻✳ ❖ Indra✱ ❧✐st❡♥ ✇❡❧❧ t♦ ♠② ✐♥✈♦❝❛t✐♦♥✦
❚❛❦❡ ♣♦ss❡ss✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❛ s❛t✐♥❣ ❞r❛✉❣❤t
♦❢ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ r✐❝❤✲✐♥✲❝♦✇s ❬Soma❪ ✖ ❢♦r ♦✉r s❛❦❡✦
✶
✖✖
✼✳ ❲❤✐❝❤ Soma ❬✐s❪ ✐♥ ❝✉♣s✱ ✐♥ ❜♦✇❧s ✖
❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❢♦r t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Indra✱ ✖
❥✉st ❞r✐♥❦ t❤❛t✦ ❚❤♦✉ ❝♦♠♠❛♥❞✳
✽✳ ❲❤✐❝❤ Soma ❛♣♣❡❛rs ✐♥ t❤❡ ❜♦✇❧s
❧✐❦❡ t❤❡ ♠♦♦♥ ✐♥ ✇❛t❡rs ✖
❥✉st ❞r✐♥❦ t❤❛t✦ ❚❤♦✉ ❝♦♠♠❛♥❞✳
✾✳ ❲❤✐❝❤ ❬Soma❪ t❤❡ ❤❛✇❦ ✇✐t❤ ❬✐ts❪ ❢♦♦t
❜r♦✉❣❤t ❢♦r t❤❡❡ ❛❝r♦ss t❤❡ r❡❣✐♦♥s ✉♥❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ✖
❥✉st ❞r✐♥❦ t❤❛t✦ ❚❤♦✉ ❝♦♠♠❛♥❞✳

✶ ❂ ♠✐①❡❞ ✇❡❧❧ ✇✐t❤ ❝♦✇ ♠✐❧❦

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✽✳✽✽

Nodhas s♦♥ ♦❢ Gotama | Br.hatı̄ ❛❧t❡r♥❛t✐♥❣ ✇✐t❤ Satobr.hatı̄ | t♦

Indra

tám . vásormandānámándhasah. |
. vo dasmámr.tı̄s.áham
abhı́ vatsám
. ná svásares . gı̄rbhı́rnavāmahe || 1 ||
. u dhenáva ı́ndram

dyuks.ám. sudā´num . távis.ı̄bhirā´vr.tam . ná purubhójasam |

. girı́m
ks.umántam . v ´
ā jam
. śatı́nam . sahasrı́n am
. .
maks.ū´ gómantamı̄mahe || 2 ||

ná tvā br.hánto ádrayo váranta indra vı̄..dávah. |

yáddı́tsasi stuvaté mā´vate vásu nákis..tádā´ mināti te || 3 ||

. sánā vı́śvā jātā´bhı́ majmánā |

yóddhāsi krátvā śávasotá dam
´
ā tvāyámarká ūtáye vavartati yám . gótamā ájı̄janan || 4 ||

prá hı́ ririks.á ójasā divó ántebhyaspári |

ná tvā vivyāca rája indra pā´rthivamánu svadhā´m
. vavaks.itha || 5 ||

nákih. páris..tirmaghavanmaghásya te yáddāśús.e daśasyási |

asmā´kam . bodhyucáthasya coditā´ mám
. his..tho vā´jasātaye || 6 ||
 ✶✶✶✾

✶✳ ❚♦ ❤✐♠ ✖ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❧✐s❤✐♥❣ ✇♦♥❞❡r❢✉❧ ❞❡❡❞s✱

♦✈❡r❝♦♠✐♥❣ ❛ss❛✐❧❛♥ts✱
❜❡❝♦♠✐♥❣ ✐♥✢❛♠❡❞ ❢r♦♠ ❜❡♥❡✜❝❡♥t ❤❡r❜ ✖ ❢♦r ②❡
✇❡ ✜♥❞ ♦✉r ✇❛② ✇✐t❤ ❝❤❛♥ts✱ t♦ Indra
❧✐❦❡ ♠✐❧❝❤✲❝♦✇s ✐♥ t❤❡✐r st❛❧❧s t♦ ❛ ❝❛❧❢✳
✷✳ ❲❡ ♣r♦♠♣t❧② ❛s❦ ❡♠♣♦✇❡r❡❞✲❜②✲t❤❡✲❍❡❛✈❡♥✱
s✉rr♦✉♥❞❡❞ ❜② ♣♦✇❡rs t♦ ❝♦♥tr♦❧✱ ❧✐❜❡r❛❧✱
❝♦♥t❛✐♥✐♥❣ ♠❛♥② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❡♥❥♦②♠❡♥ts ❛s ❛ ♠♦✉♥t❛✐♥ ❬❞♦❡s❪✱
❬✇❡ ❛s❦❪ ❢♦r ♥♦✉r✐s❤✐♥❣✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞✱
❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞ ❬♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❤❡❧♣✐♥❣❪
r✐❝❤✲✐♥✲❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡✲❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✳
✶
✸✳ ▼❛ss② ❤❛r❞ r♦❝❦s
❞♦ ♥♦t ♦❜str✉❝t t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Indra✱
✇❤❡♥ t❤♦✉ ✇✐s❤ t♦ ❣r❛♥t ✇❤❛t✬s ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧ t♦ ❛ ♣r❛✐s❡r ❧✐❦❡ ♠❡❀
♥♦ ♦♥❡ ❝✉rt❛✐❧s t❤❛t ♦❢ t❤❡❡✳
✹✳ ❚❤r♦✉❣❤ r❡s♦✉r❝❡❢✉❧♥❡ss✱ ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ✇♦♥❞r♦✉s ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱
♠❛❥❡st✐❝❛❧❧②✱ t❤♦✉ ❛r❡ ❛ ✇❛rr✐♦r ❢♦r ❛❧❧ ❝r❡❛t✉r❡s✳
❚❤✐s ❤②♠♥ ♦❢ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t✐♦♥ ✭✇❤✐❝❤ Gotama✲s ❤❛✈❡ ♣r♦❞✉❝❡❞✮
t✉r♥s t❤❡❡ ❤❡r❡ t♦ ❤❡❧♣✳
✺✳ ❙✐♥❝❡ t❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ✈✐❣♦r♦✉s❧② ❬❛♥❞❪ ❢✉❧❧② s✉r♣❛ss❡❞
t❤❡ ❧✐♠✐ts ♦❢ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥✱
t❤❡ ❡❛rt❤❧② r❡❣✐♦♥ ❤❛s ♥♦t ❝♦♥t❛✐♥❡❞ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Indra✱
t❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ❣r♦✇♥ str♦♥❣ ❢♦❧❧♦✇✐♥❣ t❤② ♦✇♥ ♣r❡❞✐s♣♦s✐t✐♦♥✳
✻✳ ❚❤❡r❡ ✐s ♥♦ ♦❜str✉❝t✐♥❣ t❤② ❣✐❢t✱ ❖ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡✱
✇❤❡♥ t❤♦✉ r❡♥❞❡r s❡r✈✐❝❡ t♦ ❛ ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡r✳
▼♦st ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ❢♦r ♦❜t❛✐♥✐♥❣ t❤❡ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱
❜❡❝♦♠❡ ♦✉r ✐♥❝✐t❡r ♦❢ t❤❡ ♣❤r❛s❡ ✦ ✷

✶ ❧✐t✳ ✏r✐❝❤✲✐♥✲❝♦✇s✑
✷ ♣r♦❜✳ r❡❢❡rs t♦ ❛ ♣❛rt✐❝✉❧❛r s♣❡❧❧
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✽✳✽✾

Nr.medha ❛♥❞ Purumedha Āṅgirasa | ✶✕✹ Br.hatı̄ ❛❧t❡r♥❛t✐♥❣ ✇✐t❤

Satobr.hatı̄✱ ✺✕✻ Anus..thubh✱ ✼ Br.hatı̄ | t♦ Indra

br.hádı́ndrāya gāyata máruto vr.trahántamam |

. devā´ya jā´gr.vi || 1 ||
yéna jyótirájanayannr.tāvŕ.dho devám

ápādhamadabhı́śastı̄raśastihā´théndro dyumnyā´bhavat |
devā´sta indra sakhyā´ya yemire bŕ.hadbhāno márudgan.a || 2 ||

prá va ı́ndrāya br.haté máruto bráhmārcata |

. hanati vr.trahā´ śatákraturvájren.a śatáparvan.ā || 3 ||
vr.trám

abhı́ prá bhara dhr..satā´ dhr..sanmanah. śrávaścitte asadbr.hát |

árs.antvā´po jávasā vı́ mātáro háno vr.trám
. jáyā svàh. || 4 ||

yájjā´yathā apūrvya mághavanvr.trahátyāya |

tátpr.thiv´ı̄maprathayastádastabhnā utá dyā´m || 5 ||

tátte yajñó ajāyata tádarká utá háskr.tih. |

tádvı́śvamabhibhū´rasi yájjātám
. yácca jántvam || 6 ||

āmā´su pakvámaıraya
´ ā´ sū´ryam
. rohayo divı́ |
gharmám ´ . gı́rvan.ase br.hát || 7 ||
. ná sāmantapatā suvr.ktı́bhirjús..tam
 ✶✶✷✶

✶✳ ❈❤❛♥t ②❡✱ ❖ Marut✲s✱

❛♥ ❡①t❡♥s✐✈❡ ❜❡st✲❛t✲s❧❛②✐♥❣✲Vr.tra ❬❛✉❞✐t♦r② ✐♠♣r❡ss✐♦♥❪ ✶
✇✐t❤ ✇❤✐❝❤ t❤❡②✱ ✇❤♦ ❛r❡ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥✐♥❣ .rta✱ ♠❛❞❡ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st
❤❡❛✈❡♥❧② ❧✐❣❤t ❬✇❤✐❝❤ ✐s❪ ❦❡❡♣✐♥❣ ❬♦♥❡❪ ❛✇❛❦❡ ❢♦r t❤❡ deva✬s s❛❦❡✦
✷✳ ❍❡✱ ❞❡str♦②✐♥❣ ❝✉rs❡s✱ ❞✐❞ ❜❧♦✇ ❝✉rs❡s ❛✇❛② ✖
♠♦r❡♦✈❡r✱ Indra ❞✐❞ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ♣♦ss❡ss✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t❡✳
Deva✲s ❡①t❡♥❞❡❞ t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s t♦ ❜❡ ❧✐❦❡✲♠✐♥❞❡❞ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡❡✱
❖ Indra✱
❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❧♦❢t② ❛♣♣❡❛r❛♥❝❡✱
❛tt❡♥❞❡❞ ❜② t❤❡ tr♦♦♣ ♦❢ Marut✲s ♦♥❡✦
✸✳ ❘❡❝✐t❡ ②♦✉r ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥ ❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢
❧♦❢t② ❬st❛t❡ ♦❢❪ Indra✱ ❖ Marut✲s✦
❍❛✈✐♥❣ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ✇✐❧❡s Vr.tra✲s❧❛②❡r
str✐❦❡s Vrtra ✇✐t❤ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞✲❦♥♦tt❡❞ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✳
✹✳ ❇❡❛r ✉♣♦♥. ❬Vr.tra❪ ❜♦❧❞❧②✱ ❖ ♦♥❡ ♦❢ ❞❡✜❛♥t ♠✐♥❞s❡t✦
❆❧s♦✱ t❤② ❛✉❞✐t♦r② ✐♠♣r❡ss✐♦♥ s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡ ❧♦❢t②✳
▼❛② t❤❡ ✇❛t❡rs ✖ ❬t❤②❪ ♠♦t❤❡rs ✖ q✉✐❝❦❧② ✢♦✇ ❛♣❛rt✦
❚❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ s❧❛② Vr.tra✳ ❲✐♥ svàr✦
✺✳ ❲❤❡♥ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ ✐♥❝♦♠♣❛r❛❜❧❡ ♦♥❡✱ ✇❡r❡ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❡❞
✐♥ ♦r❞❡r t♦ s❧❛② Vr.tra✱ ❖ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡✱
t❤❡♥ t❤♦✉ ♠❛❞❡ t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤ t♦ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❧❛r❣❡r✱
❛♥❞ t❤❡♥ t❤♦✉ ♣r♦♣♣❡❞ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥✱
✻✳ t❤❡♥ ❛ ✜r❡ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣ t♦ t❤❡❡ ❝❛♠❡ ✐♥t♦ ❡①✐st❡♥❝❡✱
t❤❡♥ ❛ ❤②♠♥ ♦❢ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t✐♦♥ ❛♥❞ ❧♦✉❞ ♠❡rr✐♠❡♥t
❬❝❛♠❡ ✐♥t♦ ❡①✐st❡♥❝❡❪✳
❚♦ ❛❧❧ t❤❛t ✖ ✇❤❛t ✇❛s ❜♦r♥ ❛♥❞ ✇✐❧❧ ❜❡ ❜♦r♥
t❤♦✉ ❛r❡ s✉♣❡r✐♦r✳
✼✳ ▼✐❞st ❝r✉❞❡ ❬❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s ❪ ✷
t❤♦✉ st✐r r✐♣❡ ❬❢♦r ♣♦❡tr②❪ ❬✈✐t❛❧ s♣✐r✐t ❪
✸
t❤♦✉ ❝❛✉s❡ t❤❡ s✉♥ t♦ r✐s❡ ✉♣ ✐♥ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥✳
❉♦ ②❡ ❤❡❛t ✉♣ ❧✐❦❡ ❛ ♣♦t sāman ✇✐t❤ ✇❡❧❧✲t✇✐st❡❞ ❬♣❤r❛s❡s❪
❬❛ sāman t❤❛t ✐s❪ ♣r♦♣✐t✐♦✉s ❧♦❢t② ❢♦r ❧♦♥❣✐♥❣ ❢♦r ❛ ❝❤❛♥t ♦♥❡✦

✶ śravas ✖ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✽✳✻✺✳✾❝

✷ gosu ❧✐t✳ ✏❝♦✇s✑
.
✸ payas
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✽✳✾✵

Nr.medha ❛♥❞ Purumedha Āṅgirasa | Br.hatı̄ ❛❧t❡r♥❛t✐♥❣ ✇✐t❤ Satobr.hatı̄

| t♦ Indra

ā´ no vı́śvāsu hávya ı́ndrah. samátsu bhūs.atu |

úpa bráhmān.i sávanāni vr.trahā´ paramajyā´ .ŕcı̄s.amah. || 1 ||

. dātā´ prathamó rā´dhasāmasyási satyá ı̄śānakŕ.t |

tvám
tuvidyumnásya yújyā´ vr.n.ı̄mahe putrásya śávaso maháh. || 2 ||

bráhmā ta indra girvan.ah. kriyánte ánatidbhutā |

imā´ jus.asva haryaśva yójanéndra yā´ te ámanmahi || 3 ||

tvám. hı́ satyó maghavannánānato vr.trā´ bhū´ri nyr.ñjáse |

. śavis..tha vajrahasta dāśús.e rvā´ñcam
. rayı́mā´ kr.dhi || 4 ||
′
sá tvám

tvámindra yaśā´ asyr.jı̄s.´ı̄ śavasaspate |

. vr.trā´n.i ham
tvám . syaprat´ı̄nyéka ı́dánuttā cars.an.ı̄dhŕ.tā || 5 ||

támu tvā nūnámasura prácetasam . rā´dho bhāgámivemahe |

mah´ı̄va kŕ.ttih. śaran.ā´ ta indra prá te sumnā´ no aśnavan || 6 ||
 ✶✶✷✸

✶✳ ▼❛② t♦✲❜❡✲❝❛❧❧❡❞✲✉♣♦♥ Indra

❢♦r ♦✉r s❛❦❡ ❛tt❡♥❞ ✐♥ ❛❧❧ ❝❧❛s❤❡s
t♦ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥s ❬❛♥❞❪ ♣r❡ss✐♥❣s✱ ❬❤❡✱ ❜❡✐♥❣❪ Vrtra✲s❧❛②❡r✱
✇❤♦ ✐s t❤❡ ♠♦st ❡①❝❡❧❧❡♥t ♦♣♣r❡ss♦r ❬♦❢ Vr.tra.❪✱
✇❤♦ ✐s s♦✉❣❤t ✇✐t❤ ❛ ✈❡rs❡✦
✷✳ ❚❤♦✉✱ t❤❡ ♣r✐♠❛r② ❣✐✈❡r ♦❢ s❛t✐s❢❛❝t✐♦♥s ♦❢ ❬♦✉r❪ ❞❡s✐r❡s✱
r❡♥❞❡r✐♥❣✲♦♥❡✲❝♦♠♣❡t❡♥t✱ ❛r❡ r❡❛❧✳
❲❡ ♣r❡❢❡r ❛❧❧✐❛♥❝❡s ♦❢ ❤✐♠
✇❤♦ ❤❛s ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥t ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t❡✱
♦❢ t❤❡ s♦♥ ♦❢ t❤❡ ♠✐❣❤t② ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✳
✶
✸✳ ❯♥♣❛r❛❧❧❡❧❡❞ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛s ✇❡r❡ ❝r❡❛t❡❞
❢♦r t❤❡❡✱ ❖ ❧♦♥❣✐♥❣ ❢♦r ❛ ❝❤❛♥t Indra✦
❉♦ ❛❧❧♦✇ ❬t❤② ♠✐♥❞❪ t♦ ❞✇❡❧❧ ✐♥ t❤❡s❡ ✈❡❤✐❝❧❡s
t❤❛t ✇❡ ✐♠❛❣✐♥❡❞ ❢♦r t❤❡❡✱ ❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❛✇♥② ❤♦rs❡s Indra✦
✹✳ ❙✐♥❝❡ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡✱ ❬❜❡✐♥❣❪ r❡❛❧
❬❛♥❞❪ ♥♦t✲❜❡♥❞✐♥❣✲❬t♦ ♦t❤❡r✬s✲✇✐❧❧❪✱
♦❢t❡♥ str❛✐❣❤t❡♥ ♦✉t ♦❜st❛❝❧❡s ✱ ✷
s✉❝❤ t❤♦✉✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♠♦st ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱
t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲✐♥✲❤❛♥❞✱
❞♦ ❡✛❡❝t ❢♦r t❤❡ ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡r ❝♦♠✐♥❣✲❤✐t❤❡r tr❡❛s✉r❡✦ ✸
✺✳ ❚❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❛r❡ ❡st❡❡♠❡❞ ❤❛✈✐♥❣✲❞✐r❡❝t✲✐♠♣❛❝t ♦♥❡✱
❖ ♠❛st❡r ♦❢ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✦
❚❤♦✉✱ ❛❧❧ ❛❧♦♥❡✱ r❡♠♦✈❡ ✉♥♦♣♣♦s❡❞ ❬✐♥♥❡r❪ ♦❜st❛❝❧❡s
✹ ✺
❬✇❤✐❝❤ ❛r❡❪ ♥♦t ❬t♦ ❜❡❪ ❞♦✇♥♣❧❛②❡❞✱
♠❛✐♥t❛✐♥❡❞ ❜② ❞r❛✇✐♥❣ t♦ t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s ✳ ✻
✻✳ ❙✉❝❤ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ ❣✉✐❞✐♥❣ s♣✐r✐t ✱ ❢♦r❡s✐❣❤t❡❞✱
✼
✇❡ ❛s❦ ♥♦✇ ❢♦r s❛t✐s❢❛❝t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❬♦✉r❪ ❞❡s✐r❡ ❛s ❢♦r ❛ ❣♦♦❞ ❢♦rt✉♥❡✳
▲✐❦❡ ❛ ❣r❡❛t ❛♥t❡❧♦♣❡ s❦✐♥ ❬❛r❡❪ t❤②✱ ❖ Indra✱ ♣r♦t❡❝t✐♦♥s ✖
s♦ t❤❛t t❤② ❤✐❣❤✲s♣✐r✐t❡❞ ♠✐♥❞s❡ts ✇♦✉❧❞ r❡❛❝❤ ✉s✦

✶ Indra
✷ Vrtra✲s
.
✸ ♣r♦❜✳ ♣♦✐♥t✐♥❣ man
♠❡♥t❛❧❧② t♦ . ipūra ❝❛❦r❛
✹ ❧✐t✳ ✏s❧❛②✑
✺ vrtra✲s
.
✻ s❡♥s❡s
✼ asura
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✽✳✾✶

Apālā Ātreyı̄ | ✶✕✷ Paṅktı̄✱ ✸✕✼ Anus..tubh | t♦ Indra

kanyā` vā´ravāyat´ı̄ sómamápi srutā´vidat |

ástam. bhárantyabravı̄dı́ndrāya sunavai
tvā śakrā´ya sunavai tvā || 1 ||

asau
´ yá és.i vı̄rakó gr.hám . vicā´kaśad |
. gr.ham
imám. jámbhasutam . piba
dhānā´vantam . karambhı́n.amapūpávantamukthı́nam || 2 ||

ā´ caná tvā cikitsāmó ′dhi caná tvā némasi |

śánairiva śanakaırivéndrāyendo
´ pári srava || 3 ||

kuvı́chákatkuvı́tkáratkuvı́nno vásyasaskárat |
kuvı́tpatidvı́s.o yat´ı̄rı́ndren.a sam
. gámāmahai || 4 ||

imā´ni tr´ı̄n.i vis..tápā tā´nı̄ndra vı́ rohaya |

śı́rastatásyorvárāmā´didám . ma úpodáre || 5 ||

asau´ ca yā´ na urvárā´dimā´m

. tanvàm . mama |
átho tatásya yáchı́rah. sárvā tā´ romaśā´ kr.dhi || 6 ||
 ✶✶✷✺

✶✳ ❆ ❣✐r❧ ❣♦✐♥❣ ❞♦✇♥ t♦ ❛ ♣♦♥❞

❢♦✉♥❞ ♥❡❛r ❛ str❡❛♠ ❛ Soma❬✲♣❧❛♥t❪✳
❇r✐♥❣✐♥❣ ✐t ❤♦♠❡✱ s❤❡ s❛✐❞✱
✏▲❡t ♠❡ ♣r❡ss t❤❡❡ ❢♦r Indra✱
❧❡t ♠❡ ♣r❡ss t❤❡❡ ❢♦r t❤❡ ❡♠♣♦✇❡r✐♥❣ ♦♥❡✦✑
✷✳ ✏❚❤♦✉ ♦✈❡r t❤❡r❡✦ ❙✉❝❤ ♣✐t✐❛❜❧❡ ❤❡r♦✱
t❤♦✉ ❣♦ ❧♦♦❦✐♥❣ ❛t ❡✈❡r② ❤♦✉s❡✳
❉r✐♥❦ t❤✐s ♣r❡ss❡❞ ❜② t❤❡ ❥❛✇s
❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② ❣r❛✐♥s✱ ❜② ❣r✉❡❧✱
❜② ❝❛❦❡✱ ❜② ✈❡rs❡s ❬ Soma❪ ✦✑ ✶
✖✖
✸✳ ✏❲❡ ❞♦ ♥♦t ❡✈❡♥ ✇✐s❤ t♦ ♥♦t✐❝❡ t❤❡❡ ❤❡r❡✱
✇❡ ❞♦ ♥♦t ❡✈❡♥ ❝❛r❡ ❢♦r t❤❡❡✦
▲✐❦❡ s♦❢t❧②✱ ❧✐❦❡ ❜② ❞❡❣r❡❡s✳✳✳
❖ Indu✱ ♣♦✉r ♦✉t ❢♦r Indra✦✑ ✷
✹✳ ✏❲♦✉❧❞ ❤❡ ❡♠♣♦✇❡r ❬✉s❪❄ ❲♦✉❧❞ ❤❡ ♣❡r❢♦r♠❄
❲♦✉❧❞ ❤❡ ♠❛❦❡ ✉s ❜❡tt❡r❄
❲♦✉❧❞ t❤♦s❡ ❤❛t✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡✐r❪ ❤✉s❜❛♥❞s ❜❡ ❣♦✐♥❣❄✑
✏▲❡t ✉s ♠❡❡t Indra✦✑
✖✖
✺✳ ❚❤❡s❡ t❤r❡❡ s✉r❢❛❝❡s✱
t❤❡♠ ❞♦ ♠❛❦❡✱ ❖ Indra✱ ✏s♣r♦✉t✑ ✖
❢❛t❤❡r✬s ❤❡❛❞✱ ②✐❡❧❞✐♥❣ ❝r♦♣ ✜❡❧❞✱
t❤❡♥ t❤✐s ♠✐♥❡
✸ ❬✇❤✐❝❤ ✐s❪ ♥❡❛r t❤❡ ❜❡❧❧②✦
✻✳ ❚❤❛t ♦✈❡r t❤❡r❡✱ ✇❤✐❝❤ ✐s ♦✉r ②✐❡❧❞✐♥❣ ❝r♦♣ ✜❡❧❞✱
t❤❡♥ t❤✐s ♠② ❜♦❞②✱
❛♥❞ t❤❡♥ ✇❤❛t ✐s ❢❛t❤❡r✬s ❤❡❛❞ ✖
❛❧❧ t❤❡s❡ ♠❛❦❡ ❤❛✐r②✦
✖✖

✶ ❧❛st t✇♦ ❧✐♥❡s ❛r❡ t❤❡ s❛♠❡ ❛s ✸✳✺✷✳✶❛❜

✷ t❤✐s ❧✐♥❡ ✐s t❤❡ r❡❢r❛✐♥ ♦❢ ✾✳✶✶✷
✸ ♣r♦❜✳ t❤❡ ❛r❡❛ ♦❢ ♣✉❜✐❝ ❤❛✐r
✶✶✷✻

khé ráthasya khé ′nasah. khé yugásya śatakrato |

apālā´mindra trı́s.pūtvyákr.n.oh. sū´ryatvacam || 7 ||
 ✶✶✷✼

✼✳ ❚❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra ♠❛❞❡ Apālā ✏❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❣❧♦✇✐♥❣ s❦✐♥✑

✹
❜② ♠❛❦✐♥❣ ❬❤❡r❪ ♣✉r❡ t❤r✐❝❡ ✖
✐♥ t❤❡ ❝❛✈✐t② ♦❢ t❤❡ ❝❤❛r✐♦t✱ ✐♥ t❤❡ ❝❛✈✐t② ♦❢ t❤❡ ❝❛rt✱
✐♥ t❤❡ ❝❛✈✐t② ♦❢ t❤❡ ②♦❦❡✱ ❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ✇✐❧❡s ♦♥❡✦

❱❡rs❡ ✷ ✐♥✈✐t❡s ✏♣✐t✐❛❜❧❡ ❤❡r♦✑ ✭✇❤✐❝❤ ♠✐❣❤t ♠❡❛♥ ❛♥ ❛❞♦❧❡s❝❡♥t

❜♦②✮ t♦ ❝♦♥s✉♠❡ s♦♠❡ Soma ❛♥❞ s❡❡♠s t♦ ❜❡ ♠♦❝❦✐♥❣ ❡❧❛❜♦r❛t❡
♣r♦❝❡❞✉r❡s ♦❢ ♣r❡♣❛r✐♥❣ ✐t✳ ❱❡rs❡s ✸✕✹ s❡❡♠ t♦ s❝♦r♥ ✇♦♠❡♥✬s ❢r❡t✲
t✐♥❣ ♦✈❡r ✇❤❛t✬s ❝♦♠✐♥❣ ♥❡①t✱ ❛♥❞ t❤✉s ❤✐❣❤❧✐❣❤t Apālā✬s r❡s♦❧✈❡ t♦
❣♦ t❤r♦✉❣❤ ✇❤❛t s❡❡♠s t♦ ❜❡ Soma✲❡♠♣❧♦②✐♥❣ ✐♥✐t✐❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❛ ❣✐r❧
✐♥t♦ t❤❡ r❡❛❧♠ ♦❢ s❡①✉❛❧ ❛❝t✐✈✐t✐❡s✳ ❱❡rs❡s ✺✕✻ s♦✉♥❞ ❧✐❦❡ ❛ s♣❡❧❧
❧❛②✐♥❣ t✐♠❡ s❡q✉❡♥❝❡ ♦❢ ❞❡s✐r❡❞ ❡✛❡❝ts ✖ ✜rst✱ ♥❡✇ ❝r♦♣s s❤♦✉❧❞
❛♣♣❡❛r ♦♥ ❛ ✜❡❧❞✱ t❤❡♥ t❤❡ ❣✐r❧ s❤❛❧❧ s❤♦✇ s✐❣♥s ♦❢ s❡①✉❛❧ ♠❛t✉✲
r✐t②✱ ❛♥❞✱ ✜♥❛❧❧②✱ ❤❡r ❢❛t❤❡r✬s ❤❡❛❞ s❤❛❧❧ ❣r♦✇ s♦♠❡ ❤❛✐rs ✭♠❛② ❜❡
❛ ❜❡❛r❞✮✳

✹ ❧✐t✳ ✏s✉♥✲s❦✐♥♥❡❞✑
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✽✳✾✷

Śrutakaks.a Āṅgirasa | ✶ Anus..thubh✱ ✷✕✸✸ Gāyatrı̄ | t♦ Indra

pā´ntamā´ vo ándhasa ı́ndramabhı́ prá gāyata |

viśvāsā´ham
. śatákratum
. mám . cars.an.ı̄nā´m || 1 ||
. his..tham

puruhūtám . purus..tutám . sánaśrutam |

. gāthānyàm
ı́ndra ı́ti bravı̄tana || 2 ||

ı́ndra ı́nno mahā´nām. dātā´ vā´jānām

. nr.túh. |
mahā´m̃
. abhijñv ´
ā yamat || 3 ||

ápādu śipryándhasah. sudáks.asya prahos.ı́n.ah. |

ı́ndorı́ndro yávāśirah. || 4 ||

támvabhı́ prā´rcaténdram
. sómasya pı̄táye |
tádı́ddhyasya várdhanam || 5 ||

asyá pı̄tvā´ mádānām

. devó devásyaujasā
´ |
vı́śvābhı́ bhúvanā bhuvat || 6 ||

tyámu vah. satrāsā´ham . vı́śvāsu gı̄rs.vā´yatam |

ā´ cyāvayasyūtáye || 7 ||

yudhmám. sántamanarvā´n.am. somapā´mánapacyutam |

náramavāryákratum || 8 ||

śı́ks.ā n.a indra rāyá ā´ purú vidvā´m̃

. .rcı̄s.ama |
ávā nah. pā´rye dháne || 9 ||

átaścidindra n.a úpā´ yāhi śatávājayā |

is.ā´ sahásravājayā || 10 ||
 ✶✶✷✾

✶✳ ❨❡ s❤❛❧❧ st❛rt ❝❤❛♥t✐♥❣

t♦ ❞r✐♥❦✐♥❣ ②♦✉r ❥✉✐❝❡ Indra✱
t♦ ♣r❡✈❛✐❧✐♥❣ ♦✈❡r ❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ✇✐❧❡s ♦♥❡✱
t♦ t❤❡ ♠♦st ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ❬❝❤✐❡❢t❛✐♥❪
✶ ♦❢ t❤♦s❡
✷
t❤❛t ❞r❛✇ t♦ t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s ✱
✷✳ ♠✉❝❤✲✐♥✈♦❦❡❞✱ ♠✉❝❤✲❡✉❧♦❣✐③❡❞✱
❢❛♠❡❞ ❢r♦♠ ❛♥❝✐❡♥t t✐♠❡s ❧❡❛❞❡r ♦❢ ❛ ❝❤♦✐r✳
❉♦ ②❡ ❝❛❧❧ ❬❤✐♠❪ ✏ Indra✑✳
✸✳ ❖♥❧② Indra ❬✐s❪ ❢♦r ✉s ❛ ❣✐✈❡r
♦❢ ♠✐❣❤t② r✉s❤❡s ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r❀ ♠✐❣❤t② ❞❛♥❝❡r✱
❤❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❡①t❡♥❞ ❬t❤❡♠❪ ✉♣ t♦ t❤❡ ❦♥❡❡s✳
✖✖
✹✳ ❇❡✐♥❣ s❡❧❡❝t✐✈❡✱ Indra ❞r❛♥❦
t❤❡ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣ ✖ ✇❡❧❧✲❞✐s❝❡r♥✐♥❣ ❤❡r❜✱
♠✐①❡❞ ✇✐t❤ ❜❛r❧❡② ❞r♦♣ ♦❢ ♣✉r❡st Soma✳
✺✳ ❍✐♠ ❞♦ ②❡ ❝♦♠♠❡♥❞ ✐♥ ❛ ✈❡rs❡✱ Indra✱
❬❢♦r ❤✐♠❪ t♦ ❞r✐♥❦ Soma ✖
❜❡❝❛✉s❡ ♦♥❧② t❤❛t ✐s ❛ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥✐♥❣ ♦❢ ❤✐♠✳
✻✳ ❬❇❡✐♥❣❪ ❛ ❞r✐♥❦✐♥❣ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t✐♥❣ ❬❞r♦♣s❪ deva✱
❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❞✐✈✐♥❡ ❢r❡♥③②
❤❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❞♦♠✐♥❛t✐♥❣ ❛❧❧ ♣❧❛❝❡s ♦❢ ❡①✐st❡♥❝❡✳
✼✳ ❚❤❛t ♦♥❡✱ ✇❤♦ ❢♦r ②♦✉r s❛❦❡ ❬✐s❪ ♣r❡✈❛✐❧✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❡✈❡r② ✇❛②✱
✇❤♦ ✐s ❜r♦✉❣❤t ✉♣ ✐♥ ❛❧❧ ❝❤❛♥ts✱
t❤♦✉ ✐♥❞✉❝❡ t♦ ❝♦♠❡ ♥❡❛r ✐♥ ♦r❞❡r t♦ ❤❡❧♣ ✖
✽✳ ❛ ✇❛rr✐♦r ✇❤♦ ✐s ♥♦t ❡♣❤❡♠❡r❛❧✱
♥♦t✲t♦✲❜❡✲❞✐✈❡rt❡❞ ❞r✐♥❦❡r ♦❢ Soma
t❤❡ ♠❛♥✱ ✇❤♦✱ ❞✉❡ t♦ ❤✐s r❡s♦✉r❝❡❢✉❧♥❡ss✱
✐s ♥♦t t♦ ❜❡ ✇❛r❞❡❞ ♦✛✳
✖✖
✾✳ ❉❡s✐r❡ t♦ ❤❡❧♣ ✉s✱ ❖ Indra✱
❤❛✈✐♥❣ ♦❜t❛✐♥❡❞ ♠✉❝❤ ♦❢ t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡✱
❖ s♦✉❣❤t ✇✐t❤ ❛ ✈❡rs❡ ♦♥❡✦
❋❛✈♦✉r ✉s ♦♥ ❛ ❞❡❝✐s✐✈❡ ❞❛②✦
✶✵✳ ❚❤❛t✬s ✇❤②✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❞♦ ❥♦✉r♥❡② ❤❡r❡✱
✐♥ ♦✉r ❞✐r❡❝t✐♦♥✱ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞✲❢♦❧❞ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱
❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞✲❢♦❧❞ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r ❧✐❜❛t✐♦♥✦
✖✖

✶ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✽✳✼✵✳✶❛

✷ t❤❡ s❡♥s❡s
✶✶✸✵

áyāma dh´ı̄vato dhı́yó ′rvadbhih. śakra godare |

jáyema pr.tsú vajrivah. || 11 ||

vayámu tvā śatakrato gā´vo ná yávases.vā´ |

ukthés.u ran.ayāmasi || 12 ||

vı́śvā hı́ martyatvanā´nukāmā´ śatakrato |

áganma vajrinnāśásah. || 13 ||

tvé sú putra śavasó ′vr.trankā´makātayah. |

ná tvā´mindrā´ti ricyate || 14 ||

. ghoráyā dravitnvā´ |
sá no vr..sansánis..thayā sám
dhiyā´vid.d.hi púram. dhyā || 15 ||

. śatakratavı́ndra dyumnı́tamo mádah. |

yáste nūnám
. máde madeh. || 16 ||
téna nūnám

yáste citráśravastamo yá indra vr.trahántamah. |

yá ojodā´tamo mádah. || 17 ||

vidmā´ hı́ yáste adrivastvā´dattah. satya somapāh. |

vı́śvāsu dasma kr..s.tı́s.u || 18 ||

. pári .s.tobhantu no gı́rah. |

ı́ndrāya mádvane sutám
arkámarcantu kārávah. || 19 ||
 ✶✶✸✶

✶✶✳ ▲❡t ✉s ❣♦ t♦ ✈✐s✐♦♥s ♦❢ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ✐s ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② ✈✐s✐♦♥s✱

❬s♦ t❤❛t❪ ✇✐t❤ ❬t❤❡♠ ❛s❪ ❝♦✉rs❡rs✱
❖ ❡♠♣♦✇❡r✐♥❣✱ ♦♣❡♥✐♥❣ ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s ♦♥❡✱
✇❡ ❝❛♥ ✇✐♥ ✐♥ ❜❛tt❧❡s✱ ❖ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲❜❡❛r❡r✦
✶✷✳ ❲❡ ♠❛❦❡ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ✇✐❧❡s ♦♥❡✱
❞❡❧✐❣❤t❡❞ ✐♥ r❡❝✐t❡❞ ✈❡rs❡s
❧✐❦❡ ❝♦✇s ❬❞❡❧✐❣❤t❪ ✐♥ ♣❛st✉r❡s✳
✶✸✳ ❙✐♥❝❡ ❛❧❧ ✇❛②s ♦❢ ♠♦rt❛❧s
✜t ♣✉rs✉✐ts ♦❢ t❤❡✐r ❞❡s✐r❡✱ ❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ✇✐❧❡s ♦♥❡✱
✇❡ ❜❡❝❛♠❡ ❤♦♣❡❢✉❧✱ ❖ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲✇✐❡❧❞❡r✦
✶✹✳ ❚❤❡② ✇❤♦s❡ ❧♦♥❣✐♥❣ ❜❡❝❛♠❡ ②❡❛r♥✐♥❣
❜❡❝❛♠❡ ♣r❡♦❝❝✉♣✐❡❞ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ s♦♥ ♦❢ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✦
■t ✐s ♥♦t ❜❡②♦♥❞ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Indra✦
✶✺✳ ❬❇❡✐♥❣❪ s✉❝❤✱ ❖ ❜✉❧❧✱ ❢❛✈♦✉r ✉s ✇✐t❤ ❣❛✐♥✐♥❣✲♠♦st
❝♦♠♣❧❡t❡❧② t❡rr✐❢②✐♥❣ ❣♦♦❞✲❛t✲❜r✐♥❣✐♥❣✲❢❛st
❜❡❛r✐♥❣✲❢✉❧❧♥❡ss ✈✐s✐♦♥✦
✖✖
✶✻✳ ❲❤✐❝❤ ❢♦r t❤❡❡✱ ❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ✇✐❧❡s Indra✱
❬✐s❪ ♥♦✇ t❤❡ ✇✐♥❡ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♠♦st ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t❡✱
✇✐t❤ ✇❤✐❝❤ t❤♦✉ ❝❛♥ ♥♦✇ ✐♥✢❛♠❡ ❬t❤②s❡❧❢❪ ✐♥t♦ ❛ r❛♣t✉r❡✱
✶✼✳ ✇❤✐❝❤ ❢♦r t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Indra✱ ✐s t❤❡ ❜❡st ❛t ❬♠❛✐♥t❛✐♥✐♥❣❪
❝♦♥❝❡♥tr❛t✐♥❣✲❛tt❡♥t✐♦♥ ❛✉❞✐t♦r② ✐♠♣r❡ss✐♦♥
❬✇❤✐❝❤ ✐s❪ t❤❡ ❜❡st ❛t s❧❛②✐♥❣ Vr.tra✱
t❤❡ ✇✐♥❡ ✇❤✐❝❤ ❬✐s❪ t❤❡ ♠♦st ❡♥❞♦✇✐♥❣ ✇✐t❤ ✈✐❣♦✉r✳
✶✽✳ ❙✐♥❝❡ ✇❡ ❤❛✈❡ ❢♦✉♥❞ ✇❤❛t t❤②✱ ❖ st♦♥❡✲✇✐❡❧❞❡r✱
❬✇❛s❪ ❣✐✈❡♥ ❜② t❤❡❡✱ ❖ tr✉❡ Soma✲❞r✐♥❦❡r✱
t♦ ❛❧❧ tr✐❜❡s✱ ❖ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❧✐s❤✐♥❣ ✇♦♥❞❡r❢✉❧ ❞❡❡❞s ♦♥❡✱
✶✾✳ ❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ ✐♥✢❛♠✐♥❣ Indra
❧❡t t❤❡♠ ❡①✉❧t ❛❧❧ ❛r♦✉♥❞ t❤❡ ♣r❡ss❡❞ ♦✉t ❬Soma❪ ✇✐t❤ ♦✉r ❝❤❛♥ts✱
❧❡t s✐♥❣❡rs ♦❢ ❡✉❧♦❣✐❡s r❡❝✐t❡ ❛ ❤②♠♥ ♦❢ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t✐♦♥✦
✖✖
✶✶✸✷

. sádah. |
yásminvı́śvā ádhi śrı́yo rán.anti saptá sam
ı́ndram
. suté havāmahe || 20 ||

. devā´so yajñámatnata |
trı́kadrukes.u cétanam
támı́dvardhantu no gı́rah. || 21 ||

ā´ tvā viśantvı́ndavah. samudrámiva sı́ndhavah. |

ná tvā´mindrā´ti ricyate || 22 ||

vivyáktha mahinā´ vr..sanbhaks.ám

. sómasya jāgr.ve |
yá indra jat.háres.u te || 23 ||

. ta indra kuks.áye sómo bhavatu vr.trahan |

áram
. dhā´mabhya ı́ndavah. || 24 ||
áram

. gáve |
áramáśvāya gāyati śrutákaks.o áram
áramı́ndrasya dhā´mne || 25 ||

. hı́ .sma sutés.u n.ah. sómes.vindra bhū´.sasi |

áram
. te śakra dāváne || 26 ||
áram

parākā´ttāccidadrivastvā´m
. naks.anta no gı́rah. |
áram
. gamāma te vayám || 27 ||
 ✶✶✸✸

✷✵✳ ■♥ ✇❤♦♠ t❤❡ s❡✈❡♥ s✐tt✐♥❣✲t♦❣❡t❤❡r ♦♥❡s

✸
t❛❦❡ ♣❧❡❛s✉r❡ ♦♥ ❛❝❝♦✉♥t ♦❢ ❛❧❧ ❛✉s♣✐❝✐♦✉s s✐❣♥s✱
❞✉r✐♥❣ ❛ Soma ❧✐❜❛t✐♦♥ ✇❡ ❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥ ❬t❤❛t❪ Indra✳
✷✶✳ ❉✉r✐♥❣ ✏t❤r❡❡✲❤♦✇❧s✑ deva✲s ❡①t❡♥❞❡❞ ❢♦r t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s
❛ ♥♦t❛❜❧❡ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡❀
❧❡t ♦✉r ❝❤❛♥ts str❡♥❣t❤❡♥ ❥✉st ❤✐♠✦
✹
✖✖
✷✷✳ ▲❡t ❞r♦♣s ♦❢ ♣✉r❡ Soma ❡♥t❡r t❤❡❡
❧✐❦❡ r✐✈❡rs ❡♥t❡r t❤❡ s❡❛✦
■t ✐s ♥♦t ❜❡②♦♥❞ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Indra✦
✷✸✳ ❇② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ✐♥❝r❡❛s❡ ✐♥ s✐③❡✱ ❖ ❜✉❧❧✱
t❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ❡♠❜r❛❝❡❞ t❤❛t ✇❤✐❝❤ ♣❛rt❛❦❡s ♦❢ Soma✱
❖ ❦❡❡♣✐♥❣ ❬✉s❪ ❛✇❛❦❡ ♦♥❡ ✱
✺
❬t❤❛t ♦♥❡❪ ✇❤✐❝❤ ❬✐s❪ ✐♥ t❤②✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❜❡❧❧✐❡s✳
✷✹✳ ▲❡t Soma ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ✜tt✐♥❣ ❢♦r t❤②✱ ❖ Indra✱
✻
❝❛✈✐t② ✱ ❖ Vr.tra✲s❧❛②❡r✦
❬▲❡t❪ ❞r♦♣s ♦❢ ♣✉r❡ Soma ❬❜❡❝♦♠❡❪ ✜tt✐♥❣ t♦ t❤❡ ❛❜♦❞❡s✦
✖✖
✷✺✳ Śrutakaks.a s✐♥❣s ✜tt✐♥❣❧② ❢♦r t❤❡ r❤②t❤♠ ✱
✼
✽
✜tt✐♥❣❧② ❢♦r t❤❡ ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥ ✱
✜tt✐♥❣❧② ❢♦r Indra✬s ❛❜♦❞❡✱
✷✻✳ s✐♥❝❡ s✉r❡❧② ✜tt✐♥❣❧② t❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱
❛tt❡♥❞ t♦ ✉s ❞✉r✐♥❣ Soma✲♣r❡ss✐♥❣s ✖
✜tt✐♥❣❧② ❢♦r t❤❡❡✱ ❖ ❡♠♣♦✇❡r✐♥❣ ♦♥❡✱ ✐♥ ♦r❞❡r t♦ r❡❝❡✐✈❡✳
✷✼✳ ❊✈❡♥ ❢r♦♠ ❛ ❞✐st❛♥❝❡✱ ❖ st♦♥❡✲✇✐❡❧❞❡r✱
♦✉r ❝❤❛♥ts ❣❡t t♦ t❤❡❡✳
❋✐tt✐♥❣❧② ✇❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤ t❤❡❡✳
✖✖

✸ t❤❡ s❡✈❡♥ ❛❜♦❞❡s ♦❢ Soma✱ ♦r ❝❛❦r❛s

✹ t❤✐s ✈❡rs❡ ✐s✱ ❡①❝❡♣t ❢♦r ♦♥❡ ✇♦r❞✱ t❤❡ s❛♠❡ ❛s ✽✳✶✸✳✶✽
✺ Soma
✻ ♦♥❡ Indra✬s ❜❡❧❧✐❡s
✼ ❧✐t✳ ✏❤♦rs❡✑
✽ ❧✐t✳ ✏❝♦✇✑
✶✶✸✹

evā´ hyási vı̄rayúrevā´ śū´ra utá sthiráh. |

evā´ te rā´dhyam. mánah. || 28 ||

evā´ rātı́stuvı̄magha vı́śvebhirdhāyi dhātŕ.bhih. |

ádhā cidindra me sácā || 29 ||

. pate |
mó .sú brahméva tandrayúrbhúvo vājānām
mátsvā sutásya gómatah. || 30 ||

mā´ na indrābhyā`dı́śah. sū´ro aktús.vā´ yaman |

tvā´ yujā´ vanema tát || 31 ||

tváyédindra yujā´ vayám

. práti bruvı̄mahi spŕ.dhah. |
tvámasmā´kam. táva smasi || 32 ||

tvā´mı́ddhı́ tvāyávo ′nunónuvataścárān |

sákhāya indra kārávah. || 33 ||
 ✶✶✸✺

✷✽✳ ❙✐♥❝❡ ♦♥❧② t❤♦✉ ❛r❡ ❛ttr❛❝t✐♥❣ ❤❡r♦❡s✱

❛♥❞ ❬s✐♥❝❡ ♦♥❧② t❤♦✉ ❛r❡❪ r❡❛❧❧② ❛ st❡❛❞❢❛st ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱
t❤② ♠✐♥❞ ❬✇✐❧❧❪ r❡❛❧❧② ❜❡ ❛♣♣❡❛s❡❞✳
✷✾✳ ❘❡❛❧❧②✱ t❤❡ ❣✐❢t ❬♦❢ Soma❪✱ ❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ♠❛♥② ❣✐❢ts ♦♥❡✱
✇❛s s❡t ✉♣ ❜② ❛❧❧ ♠❡❞✐❛t♦rs❀
❡✈❡♥ s♦✱ ❖ Indra✱ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ♠② ❛ss✐st❛♥❝❡✳
✸✵✳ ❉♦ ♥♦t ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❢❛t✐❣✉❡❞ q✉✐❝❦❧② ✖
❛s ❬t❤✐s❪ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t♦r ❬❞♦❡s❪ ✖
❖ ♠❛st❡r ♦❢ r✉s❤❡s ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✦
❉♦ ❣❡t ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t❡❞ ♦♥ r✐❝❤✲✐♥✲❝♦✇s ♣r❡ss❡❞ ♦✉t ❬Soma❪✦
✾
✖✖
✸✶✳ ▼❛② ♥♦t t❤r❡❛ts ❤♦❧❞ ✉s ❜❛❝❦
❢r♦♠ svàr ❞✉r✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♥✐❣❤ts✱ ❖ Indra✦
❲✐t❤ t❤❡❡ ❛s ❛ ②♦❦❡♠❛t❡ ✇❡ ♠✐❣❤t ♣❧❛❝❡ ✐t ✇✐t❤✐♥ ❬♦✉r❪ r❡❛❝❤✳
✸✷✳ ❲✐t❤ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❛s ❛ ②♦❦❡✲♠❛t❡
✇❡ r❡♣❧② t♦ ❛❞✈❡rs❛r✐❡s ✖
t❤♦✉ ❬❛r❡❪ ♦✉rs✱ ✇❡ ❛r❡ t❤✐♥❡✳
✸✸✳ ❙✐♥❝❡ t❤♦s❡ ✇❤♦ ❛r❡ s❡❡❦✐♥❣✲t❤❡❡ ❬❛♥❞❪
✜♥❞ t❤❡✐r ✇❛② ❥✉st t♦ t❤❡❡ s♦ ❛s t♦ ❢♦❧❧♦✇ ❬t❤❡❡❪✱
s✐♥❣❡rs ♦❢ ❡✉❧♦❣✐❡s ❬t♦ t❤❡❡❪✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❬❛r❡ t❤❡✐r❪ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s✦

✾❂ ✏♠✐❧❦✑
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✽✳✾✸

Sukaks.a Āṅgirasa | Gāyatrı̄ | t♦ Indra

údghédabhı́ śrutā´magham . náryāpasam |

. vr..sabhám
ástārames.i sūrya || 1 ||

náva yó navatı́m. púro bibhéda bāhvòjasā |

. ca vr.trahā´vadhı̄t || 2 ||
áhim

sá na ı́ndrah. śiváh. sákhā´śvāvadgómadyávamat |

urúdhāreva dohate || 3 ||

yádadyá kácca vr.trahannudágā abhı́ sūrya |

. tádindra te váśe || 4 ||
sárvam

yádvā pravr.ddha satpate ná marā ı́ti mányase |

utó tátsatyámı́ttáva || 5 ||

yé sómāsah. parāváti yé arvāváti sunviré |

. stā´m̃
sárvām̃ . indra gachasi || 6 ||

támı́ndram . vājayāmasi mahé vr.trā´ya hántave |

sá vŕ..sā vr..sabhó bhuvat || 7 ||

ı́ndrah. sá dā´mane kr.tá ójis..thah. sá máde hitáh. |

dyumn´ı̄ ślok´ı̄ sá somyáh. || 8 ||

girā´ vájro ná sámbhr.tah. sábalo ánapacyutah. |

vavaks.á .r.svó ástr.tah. || 9 ||

. kr.dhi gr.n.āná indra girvan.ah. |

durgé cinnah. sugám
. ca maghavanváśah. || 10 ||
tvám

yásya te nū´ cidādı́śam

. ná minánti svarā´jyam |
´
ná devó nādhrigurjánah. || 11 ||

. dev´ı̄ śús.mam
ádhā te ápratis.kutam . saparyatah. |
ubhé suśipra ródası̄ || 12 ||
 ✶✶✸✼

✶✳ ❖ s✉♥✱ t❤♦✉ ♠♦✈❡ ✉♣ ♦♥❧② ❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ s❤♦♦t❡r

✇❤♦s❡ ❣✐❢ts ❛r❡ ❢❛♠♦✉s✱ ✇❤♦ r❡s❡♠❜❧❡s ❛ ❜✉❧❧✱
✇❤♦s❡ ✇♦r❦s ❛r❡ s✉✐t❛❜❧❡ t♦ ❛ ♠❛♥✦
✷✳ ❲❤♦ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ✈✐❣♦✉r ✐♥ ❬❤✐s❪ ❛r♠s
❤❛s r❡♥❞ ❛s✉♥❞❡r ♥✐♥❡t② ♥✐♥❡ ✇❛❧❧s✱
❛♥❞✱ ❬❜❡✐♥❣❪ Vr.tra✲s❧❛②❡r✱ ✈❛♥q✉✐s❤❡❞ t❤❡ s♥❛❦❡✱
✸✳ ❤❡✱ Indra✱ ❞❡str♦②✐♥❣ r❡❛❝t✐✈❡ ✐♠♣✉❧s✐✈❡♥❡ss ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥✱
❧✐❦❡ ❛ ❤❛✈✐♥❣✲❛♠♣❧❡✲str❡❛♠ ❬❝♦✇❪ ②✐❡❧❞s t♦ ✉s
r✐❝❤✲✐♥✲❝♦✇s r✐❝❤✲✐♥✲❤♦rs❡s r✐❝❤✲✐♥✲❜❛r❧❡② ❬tr❡❛s✉r❡❪✳
✖✖
✹✳ ❖ Vr.tra✲s❧❛②❡r✱ t♦✇❛r❞s ✇❤❛t❡✈❡r t♦❞❛②
t❤♦✉✱ ❖ ❙✉♥✱ ❞✐❞ r✐s❡✱
❛❧❧ t❤❛t ✐s ✉♥❞❡r t❤② ✇✐❧❧✱ ❖ Indra✦
✺✳ ❆♥❞ ✐❢ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ ✐♥t❡♥s❡ ♦✈❡rs❡❡r ♦❢ ✇❤❛t✬s r❡❛❧✱
t❤✐♥❦✱ ✏▲❡t ♠❡ ♥♦t ❞✐❡✑✱
t❤❡♥ ❥✉st t❤❛t ❬✐s❪ ✇❤❛t ✇✐❧❧ ❜❡ ♦❢ t❤❡❡✳
✻✳ ❲❤✐❝❤ Soma✲❥✉✐❝❡s ❛r❡ ❡✛✉s✐♥❣
✐♥ ❛ ❞✐st❛♥❝❡✱ ✇❤✐❝❤ ❝❧♦s❡✲❜②✱
t❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ s❡t ♦✉t t♦✇❛r❞s ❛❧❧ ♦❢ t❤❡♠✳
✖✖
✼✳ ❲❡ ❡♥❡r❣✐③❡ t❤✐s Indra
❢♦r t❤❡ ♠✐❣❤t② Vr.tra t♦ ❜❡ s❧❛✐♥
❍❡✱ t❤❡ ❜✉❧❧✱ s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❛♣♣❡❛r✐♥❣ ❛s ❛ ❜✉❧❧✳
✽✳ ❙✉❝❤ Indra ✐s ♣r❡♣❛r❡❞ t♦ ❣✐✈❡❀
❬❜❡✐♥❣❪ ♠♦st ✈✐❣♦r♦✉s✱ ❤❡ ✐s s❡t ❢♦r ❛♥ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t✐♦♥✳
■♥s♣✐r❡❞ ❜② Soma✱ ❤❡ ❬❜❡❝♦♠❡s❪ ♣♦ss❡ss✐♥❣ ♦❢
t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t❡✱ ♣♦ss❡ss✐♥❣ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❞✐✈✐♥❡ ✈♦✐❝❡✳
✾✳ ❇② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥ts ❬❤❡ ❜❡❝♦♠❡s❪ ❧✐❦❡ ❛ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t ✖
❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② ❢♦r❝❡✱ ❝♦♥❝❡♥tr❛t❡❞✱ ♥♦t✲t♦✲❜❡✲❞✐✈❡rt❡❞✳
❍❡ ❤❛s ❣r♦✇♥ t♦ ❤❡❧♣ ✐♥ ❞✐r❡ str❛✐❣❤ts✳
✖✖
✶✵✳ ❇❡✐♥❣ ❡①t♦❧❧❡❞✱ ❖ ❧♦♥❣✐♥❣ ❢♦r ❛ ❝❤❛♥t Indra✱
❡✈❡♥ ✐♥ ❛ ❤❛r❞✲t♦✲❡s❝❛♣❡ ♣❧❛❝❡ ❡✛❡❝t ❢♦r ✉s ❛♥ ❡❛s② ♣❛t❤✇❛②✱
❬✐❢ ❪ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡✱ ❬❛r❡❪ ✇✐❧❧✐♥❣✦
✶✶✳ ❬❚❤♦✉✱❪ ✇❤♦s❡ ✐♥❞❡♣❡♥❞❡♥❝❡ ✭❡✈❡♥ ❬✐❢ ✐t ✐s❪ t❤② ✐♥t❡♥t✐♦♥✮
♥❡✐t❤❡r ❛ deva✱ ♥♦r ❛♥ ✉♥r❡str❛✐♥❡❞ ♣❡rs♦♥
❧❡ss❡♥✳
✶✷✳ ❚❤❡♥ ❜♦t❤ Rodas✲❡s✱
t❤❡ t✇♦ deva✲s✱ ✇♦✉❧❞ ❛tt❡♥❞ ❛tt❡♥t✐✈❡❧②
t♦ t❤② ✉♥r❡♣✉❧s❛❜❧❡ ❢❡r✈♦r✱ ❖ ❝❤♦♦s② ♦♥❡✦
✶✶✸✽

tvámetádadhārayah. kr..sn.ā´su róhin.ı̄s.u ca |

párus.n.ı̄s.u rúśatpáyah. || 13 ||

vı́ yádáherádha tvis.ó vı́śve devā´so ákramuh. |

vidánmr.gásya tā´m̃
. ámah. || 14 ||

ā´du me nivaró bhuvadvr.trahā´dis..ta paum

´ . syam |
ájātaśatrurástr.tah. || 15 ||

śrutám . vo vr.trahántamam . cars.an.ı̄nā´m |

. prá śárdham
ā´ śus.e rā´dhase mahé || 16 ||

ayā´ dhiyā´ ca gavyayā´ púrun.āmanpúrus..tuta |

yátsómesoma ā´bhavah. || 17 ||

bodhı́nmanā ı́dastu no vr.trahā´ bhū´ryāsutih. |

śr.n.ótu śakrá āśı́s.am || 18 ||

. na ūtyā´bhı́ prá mandase vr..san |

káyā tvám
káyā stotŕ.bhya ā´ bhara || 19 ||

kásya vŕ..sā suté sácā niyútvānvr..sabhó ran.at |

vr.trahā´ sómapı̄taye || 20 ||

abh´ı̄ .sú n.astvám . mandasānáh. sahasrı́n.am |

. rayı́m
prayantā´ bodhi dāśús.e || 21 ||
 ✶✶✸✾

✶✸✳ ❚❤♦✉ ❝❛✉s❡ t❤✐s ✖

t❤❡ s❤✐♥✐♥❣ ✈✐t❛❧ s♣✐r✐t ✖
t♦ ♣❡rs✐st ♠✐❞st ❞❛r❦ r✐s✐♥❣ ❛r♠♦rs ❀ ✶
✶✹✳ ♠♦r❡♦✈❡r✱ ✇❤❡♥ ❛❧❧ deva✲s
st❡♣♣❡❞ ❛s✐❞❡ ❜❡❝❛✉s❡ ♦❢ s♥❛❦❡✬s ✈❡❤❡♠❡♥❝❡
✭t❤❡ ❢♦r❝❡❢✉❧♥❡ss ♦❢ t❤❡ ❜❡❛st s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ ♠❡t t❤❡♠✮✱
✶✺✳ t❤❡♥ ❤❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ♠② ♣r♦t❡❝t✐♦♥❀
Vr.tra✲s❧❛②❡r ❤❛s ♣♦✐♥t❡❞ ♦✉t t❤❡ ♠❛♥❧② str❡♥❣t❤ ❬✐♥s✐❞❡❪✳
❬❍❡ ✇❤♦ ✐s❪ ✉♥❞✐str❛❝t❡❞ ✖ ❬❢♦r ❤✐♠❪ ❛ r✐✈❛❧ ✇❛s ♥♦t ❜♦r♥✳
✖✖
✶✻✳ ❋♦r ②❡ ■ ✐♥❝✐t❡ t❤❡ ❢❛♠♦✉s ❜❡st s❧❛②❡r ♦❢ Vr.tra✱
❬✇❤♦ ✐s❪ ❞❡✜❛♥t ♦❢ t❤♦s❡ t❤❛t ❞r❛✇ t♦ t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s ✱ ✖ ✷
❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ ❣r❡❛t s❛t✐s❢❛❝t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❬②♦✉r❪ ❞❡s✐r❡✳
✶✼✳ ■♥ t❤✐s ♠❛♥♥❡r ✖ t❤r♦✉❣❤ ❛ ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥ ❛♥❞ ❞❡s✐r❡ ❢♦r ❝♦✇s✱
❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ♠❛♥② ♥❛♠❡s✱ ♠✉❝❤✲❡✉❧♦❣✐③❡❞ ♦♥❡✱
❬✐t ✐s❪ t❤❛t t❤♦✉ ❛r❡ ♣r❡s❡♥t ❛t ❡✈❡r② Soma✲♣r❡ss✐♥❣✳
✶✽✳ ▲❡t ❤❡ ❜❡ ❥✉st ♦❢ ❛♥ ❛tt❡♥t✐✈❡ ♠✐♥❞ t♦✇❛r❞s ✉s✱
❬❤❡✱❪ ❢r❡q✉❡♥t❧② ❡♥❧✐✈❡♥✐♥❣ s❧❛②❡r ♦❢ Vr.tra✦
▼❛② ❤❡✱ ❡♠♣♦✇❡r✐♥❣✱ ❤❡❛r ❬t❤✐s❪ ♣r❛②❡r✦
✖✖
✶✾✳ ❲✐t❤ ✇❤❛t ❛✐❞ ❢♦r ✉s
❛r❡ t❤♦✉ ❜❡❝♦♠✐♥❣ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t❡❞✱ ❖ ❜✉❧❧❄
❲✐t❤ ✇❤❛t ❬❛✐❞❪ ❢♦r ♣r❛✐s❡rs❄ ❇r✐♥❣ ❬✐t❪ ❤❡r❡✦
✷✵✳ ■♥ ♣r❡s❡♥❝❡ ♦❢ ✇❤♦s❡ ♣r❡ss❡❞ ♦✉t ❬Soma❪ t❤❡ ❜✉❧❧ ✖
❤❛✈✐♥❣ ✐♥♥❡r ❝♦♥♥❡❝t✐♦♥s✱ ❛♣♣❡❛r✐♥❣ ❛s ❛ ❜✉❧❧ ✖
✇♦✉❧❞ ❜❡ ❛t ❡❛s❡ ✖
t♦ ❞r✐♥❦ Soma ❬❛s❪ s❧❛②❡r ♦❢ Vr.tra❄
✷✶✳ ❚❤♦✉✱ ❜❡❝♦♠✐♥❣ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t❡❞✱ ❬❞♦❪ q✉✐❝❦❧② ❬❜r✐♥❣❪ t♦ ✉s
❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞ ❬❡✛❡❝ts❪ tr❡❛s✉r❡✦
❇❡❝♦♠❡ ❛ ❜r✐♥❣❡r ❢♦r t❤❡ ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡r✦
✖✖

✶ ❛r✐s✐♥❣ ❞❛r❦♥❡ss ✐♥ ♦♥❡✬s ❡②❡s t❤❛t ❛s ✐❢ s❤✐❡❧❞s ❢r♦♠ ❡①t❡r♥❛❧ st✐♠✉❧✐

✷ t❤❡ s❡♥s❡s
✶✶✹✵

pátnı̄vantah. sutā´ imá uśánto yanti vı̄táye |

apā´m
. jágmirnicumpun.áh. || 22 ||

is..tā´ hótrā asr.ks.aténdram

. vr.dhā´so adhvaré |
áchāvabhr.thámójasā || 23 ||

ihá tyā´ sadhamā´dyā hárı̄ hı́ran.yakeśyā |

vo..dhā´mabhı́ práyo hitám || 24 ||

túbhyam . sómāh. sutā´ imé stı̄rn.ám

. barhı́rvibhāvaso |
stotŕ.bhya ı́ndramā´ vaha || 25 ||

ā´ te dáks.am
. vı́ rocanā´ dádhadrátnā vı́ dāśús.e |
stotŕ.bhya ı́ndramarcata || 26 ||

ā´ te dadhāmı̄ndriyámukthā´ vı́śvā śatakrato |

stotŕ.bhya indra mr...daya || 27 ||

bhadrámbhadram . na ā´ bharés.amū´rjam

. śatakrato |
yádindra mr...dáyāsi nah. || 28 ||

sá no vı́śvānyā´ bhara suvitā´ni śatakrato |

yádindra mr...dáyāsi nah. || 29 ||

tvā´mı́dvr.trahantama sutā´vanto havāmahe |

yádindra mr...dáyāsi nah. || 30 ||
 ✶✶✹✶

✷✷✳ ❚❤❡s❡✱ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② ✇✐✈❡s ✸

♣r❡ss❡❞ ♦✉t Soma ❥✉✐❝❡s ❛r❡ ❡❛❣❡r t♦ ❛r♦✉s❡✳
❍❡ ✇❤♦ ✐s ✐♥ ❝♦♥st❛♥t ♠♦t✐♦♥ ✹
❬✐s❪ t❤❡ ❤❛r♥❡ss❡r❬❄❪ ♦❢ ❬t❤❡s❡ ✐♥♥❡r❪ ✇❛t❡rs✳
✷✸✳ ❋✐r❡✲♦❜❧❛t✐♦♥s ❢♦r ❢✉❧✜❧❧♠❡♥t ♦❢ ❛ ❞❡s✐r❡ ❧❡t t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s ♣♦✉r ♦✉t
t♦✇❛r❞s ❝❛rr②✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡♠❪ ♦✛ ✇✐t❤ ✈✐❣♦✉r ❬Agni❪
❬t❤✉s❪ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥✐♥❣ Indra
❞✉r✐♥❣ ♣r♦❝❡❡❞✐♥❣ ♦♥ ✐ts ✇❛② ❬s❛❝r✐✜❝❡❪✳
✷✹✳ ❚❤♦s❡ t✇♦ ❝♦♥✈✐✈✐❛❧
t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s ✇✐t❤ ❣♦❧❞❡♥ ❤❛✐r
s❤❛❧❧ ❝♦♥✈❡② ❬❤✐♠❪ ❤❡r❡ t♦ t❤❡ ♣r❡♣❛r❡❞ ❞❡❧✐❣❤t✳ ✺
✖✖
✷✺✳ ❋♦r t❤❡❡ t❤❡s❡ ♣r❡ss❡❞ ♦✉t Soma ❥✉✐❝❡s ❬❛r❡❪✱
✻
❬❛♥❞❪ s❛❝r✐✜❝✐❛❧ ❣r❛ss ❬✐s❪ str❡✇♥✱
❖ ♦♥❡ ✇❤♦s❡ ❧✉str❡ ✐s ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧✦
❈♦♥✈❡② Indra ❤✐t❤❡r ❢♦r ♣r❛✐s❡rs✦
✷✻✳ ❋♦r t❤❡❡ ❤❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❞✐str✐❜✉t❡
✼
t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r ♦❢ ❞✐s❝❡r♥♠❡♥t ❛❝r♦ss ❧✉♠✐♥♦✉s s♣❤❡r❡s✱
❤❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❛♣♣♦rt✐♦♥ r✐❝❤❡s t♦ ❛ ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡r✳
❉♦ ②❡ ♣r❛✐s❡ ✐♥ ✈❡rs❡ Indra t♦ ♣r❛✐s❡rs✦
✷✼✳ ■ s❡t ✉♣ ❛❧❧ r❡❝✐t❡❞ ✈❡rs❡s
t♦✇❛r❞s t❤② ♣♦✇❡r ♦✈❡r ❛✛❡❝t✐♦♥s✱ ❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ✇✐❧❡s ♦♥❡✦
❇❡ ❦✐♥❞ t♦ ♣r❛✐s❡rs✱ ❖ Indra✦
✖✖
✷✽✳ ❖♥❡ ❛✉s♣✐❝✐♦✉s t❤✐♥❣ ❛❢t❡r ❛♥♦t❤❡r ✖ ❜r✐♥❣ ❤❡r❡
t❤❡ str❡♥❣t❤✱ t❤❡ r❡❢r❡s❤♠❡♥t✱ ❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ✇✐❧❡s ♦♥❡✱
✐❢ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ ✇♦✉❧❞ ❜❡ ❦✐♥❞ t♦ ✉s✦
✷✾✳ ❙✉❝❤ t❤♦✉✱ ❞♦ ❜r✐♥❣ ❤❡r❡ t♦ ✉s
❣♦♦❞ ♣❛t❤s✱ ❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ✇✐❧❡s ♦♥❡✱
✐❢ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ ✇♦✉❧❞ ❜❡ ❦✐♥❞ t♦ ✉s✦
✸✵✳ ❏✉st t❤❡❡✱ ❖ t❤❡ ❜❡st ❛t s❧❛②✐♥❣ Vr.tra✱
✇❡✱ ✐♥ ♣♦ss❡ss✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❬Soma❪✱ ❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥ ✖
✐❢ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ ✇♦✉❧❞ ❜❡ ❦✐♥❞ t♦ ✉s✦
✖✖

✸ ❤❡r❡ ❂ ✏✐♥♥❡r ✇❛t❡rs✑

✹ Indra
✺ t❤✐s ✈❡rs❡ ✐s t❤❡ s❛♠❡ ❛s ✽✳✸✷✳✷✾
✻ Agni
✼ Indra
✶✶✹✷

úpa no háribhih. sutám . pate |

. yāhı́ madānām
úpa no háribhih. sutám || 31 ||

dvitā´ yó vr.trahántamo vidá ı́ndrah. śatákratuh. |

úpa no háribhih. sutám || 32 ||

tvám . pātā´ sómānāmási |

. hı́ vr.trahannes.ām
úpa no háribhih. sutám || 33 ||

. rayı́m |
ı́ndra is.é dadātu na .rbhuks.án.amr.bhúm
vāj´ı̄ dadātu vājı́nam || 34 ||
 ✶✶✹✸

✸✶✳ ❇② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤

♦✉r ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❬Soma❪✱ ❖ ♠❛st❡r ♦❢ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t✐♦♥s✱
❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s ❬❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤❪ ♦✉r ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❬Soma❪✦
✸✷✳ ❈❡rt❛✐♥❧② ❬❤❡✱❪ ✇❤♦ ❬✐s❪ t❤❡ ❜❡st ❛t s❧❛②✐♥❣ Vr.tra✱
❬✐s❪ t♦ ❜❡ ❦♥♦✇♥ ❛s ❤❛✈✐♥❣✲❤✉♥❞r❡❞✲✇✐❧❡s Indra✳
❇② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s ❬❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤❪ ♦✉r ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❬Soma❪✦
✸✸✳ ❙✐♥❝❡ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ s❧❛②❡r ♦❢ Vr.tra✱ ❛r❡
t❤❡ ❞r✐♥❦❡r ♦❢ t❤❡s❡ Soma ❥✉✐❝❡s✱
❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s ❬❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤❪ ♦✉r ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❬Soma❪✦
✖✖
✸✹✳ ▼❛② Indra ❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ ❧✐❜❛t✐♦♥ ❣✐✈❡ ✉s
❝r❛❢t② tr❡❛s✉r❡ ✇❤✐❝❤ ✐s t❤❡ ♠❛st❡r ♦❢ R.bhu✲s✦
▼❛② ❤❡ ✇❤♦ ♣♦ss❡ss❡s t❤❡ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r ❣✐✈❡ ❬t♦ ✉s❪ ❤✐♠
✽ ✾
✇❤♦ ♣♦ss❡ss❡s t❤❡ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✦

✽ Soma
✾ Indra
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✽✳✾✺

Tiraścı̄ Āṅgirasa | Anus..thubh | t♦ Indra

ā´ tvā gı́ro rath´ı̄rivā´sthuh. sutés.u girvan.ah. |

abhı́ tvā sámanūs.aténdra vatsám . ná mātárah. || 1 ||

ā´ tvā śukrā´ acucyavuh. sutā´sa indra girvan.ah. |

pı́bā tvàsyā´ndhasa ı́ndra vı́śvāsu te hitám || 2 ||

pı́bā sómam . mádāya kámı́ndra śyenā´bhr.tam . sutám |

tvám . pátı̄ rā´jā viśā´mási || 3 ||
. hı́ śáśvatı̄nām

śrudh´ı̄ hávam
. tiraścyā´ ı́ndra yástvā saparyáti |
suvı̄ryasya gómato rāyáspūrdhi mahā´m̃
´ . asi || 4 ||

ı́ndra yáste návı̄yası̄m . mandrā´májı̄janat |

. gı́ram
cikitvı́nmanasam . dhı́yam. pratn ā´mr.tásya pipyús.ı̄m || 5 ||

. gı́ra ı́ndramukthā´ni vāvr.dhúh. |

támu .s.tavāma yám
purū´n.yasya paum
´ . syā sı́s.āsanto vanāmahe || 6 ||

éto nvı́ndram
. stávāma śuddhám . śuddhéna sā´mnā |
´
śuddháıruktháırvāvr.dhvām . śuddhá āś´ı̄rvānmamattu || 7 ||
. sam

ı́ndra śuddhó na ā´ gahi śuddháh. śuddhā´bhirūtı́bhih. |

. nı́ dhāraya śuddhó mamaddhi somyáh. || 8 ||
śuddhó rayı́m

ı́ndra śuddhó hı́ no rayı́m . śuddhó rátnāni dāśús.e |

śuddhó vr.trā´n.i jighnase śuddhó vā´jam
. sis.āsasi || 9 ||
 ✶✶✹✺

✶✳ ❆t Soma ♣r❡ss✐♥❣s✱ ❝❤❛♥ts ♠♦✉♥t t❤❡❡

❧✐❦❡ ❝❤❛r✐♦t❡❡rs✱ ❖ ❧♦♥❣✐♥❣ ❢♦r ❝❤❛♥t ♦♥❡✦
❚♦❣❡t❤❡r t❤❡② ✜♥❞ t❤❡✐r ✇❛② t♦ t❤❡❡✱
❖ Indra✱ ❧✐❦❡ ♠♦t❤❡rs t♦✇❛r❞ ❛ ❝❛❧❢✳
✷✳ Pr❡ss❡❞ ♦✉t tr❛♥s❧✉❝❡♥t Soma ❥✉✐❝❡s
✐♥❞✉❝❡❞ t❤❡❡ t♦ ❝♦♠❡ ♥❡❛r✱ ❖ ❧♦♥❣✐♥❣ ❢♦r ❛ ❝❤❛♥t Indra✦
◆♦✇✱ ❞♦ ❞r✐♥❦ ❞✉r✐♥❣ ❛❧❧ ❬t❤❡ ❝❤❛♥ts❪ ✶
❖ Indra✱ t❤✐s ❤❡r❜❛❧ ♣r❡♣❛r❡❞ ❢♦r t❤❡❡ ❬♠✐①t✉r❡❪✦
✸✳ ❉r✐♥❦ Soma ❢♦r✱ ✇❡❧❧✱ ❛♥ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t✐♦♥✱
❖ Indra✱ ♣r❡ss❡❞ ♦✉t ♣r♦❝✉r❡❞ ❜② ❛ ❤❛✇❦ ❬Soma❪ ✖
s✐♥❝❡ t❤♦✉ ❛r❡ t❤❡ ♦✈❡rs❡❡r ♦❢ ♥✉♠❡r♦✉s ❬❝❧❛♥s❪✱
❛ ❝❤✐❡❢t❛✐♥ ♦❢ ❝❧❛♥s✳
✹✳ ❍❡❛r t❤❡ ❝❛❧❧ ❜② Tiraścı̄
✇❤♦ ❛tt❡♥❞s t♦ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Indra✦
●r❛♥t ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥t❧② ❤❛✈✐♥❣✲♠❛♥❧②✲✈✐❣♦✉r r✐❝❤✲✐♥✲❝♦✇s tr❡❛s✉r❡✦
❚❤♦✉ ❛r❡ ❣r❡❛t✦
✺✳ ❖ Indra✦ ❬❚❤❛t Tiraścı̄❪
✇❤♦ ♣r♦❞✉❝❡❞ ❢♦r t❤❡❡ t❤❡ ♥❡✇❡st ♣❧❡❛s❛♥t s♦♥❣✱
❬❛♥❞❪ tr❛❞✐t✐♦♥❛❧ s✇❡❧❧✐♥❣ ✇✐t❤ rta
✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥ ❬✇❤✐❝❤ ✐s❪ ♠❛❦✐♥❣.t❤❡ ♠✐♥❞ t♦ ❞❡❧✐❜❡r❛t❡✳
✻✳ ▲❡t ✉s ❡①t♦❧ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦♠ ❝❤❛♥ts ❛♥❞ r❡❝✐t❡❞ ✈❡rs❡s
❤❛✈❡ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥❡❞ ✖ Indra✳
❲✐s❤✐♥❣ t♦ ❜❡ s✉❝❝❡ss❢✉❧✱
✇❡ ♣❧❛❝❡ ❤✐s ♠❛♥② ♠❛♥❧② ❞❡❡❞s ✇✐t❤✐♥ ❬♦✉r❪ r❡❛❝❤✳
✼✳ ❈♦♠❡ ②❡ ❤❡r❡ ❛t ♦♥❝❡✦ ▲❡t ✉s ❡①t♦❧ Indra
❬✇❤♦ ✇❛s❪ ❝❧❡❛♥s❡❞ ❜② ❛ ❢❛✉❧t❧❡ss sāman ✦ ✷
▲❡t ❝❧❡❛♥s❡❞✱ ♠✐①❡❞ ❬✇✐t❤ ♠✐❧❦ Soma❪ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t❡ ❬❤✐♠❪
❬✇❤♦ ✇❛s❪ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥❡❞ ❜② ❢❛✉❧t❧❡ss r❡❝✐t❡❞ ✈❡rs❡s✦
✽✳ ❖ Indra✱ ❝♦♠❡✱ ❝❧❡❛♥s❡❞✱ ❤❡r❡ ❢♦r ♦✉r s❛❦❡✱
❬t❤♦✉✱❪ ❝❧❡❛♥s❡❞ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ❢❛✉❧t❧❡ss ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❤❡❧♣✐♥❣✦
❈❧❡❛♥s❡❞✱ ♠❛❦❡ t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡ ❡st❛❜❧✐s❤❡❞ ✐♥s✐❞❡✦
❈❧❡❛♥s❡❞✱ ✐♥s♣✐r❡❞ ❜② Soma✱ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t❡ ❬✉s❪✦
✾✳ ❖ Indra✱ s✐♥❝❡✱ ❝❧❡❛♥s❡❞✱ ❬t❤♦✉ ✇✐❧❧ ❡✛❡❝t❪ t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡ ❢♦r ✉s✱
❝❧❡❛♥s❡❞✱ ❬t❤♦✉ ✇♦✉❧❞ ❛♣♣♦rt✐♦♥❪ r✐❝❤❡s t♦ t❤❡ ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡r✳
✸
❈❧❡❛♥s❡❞✱ t❤♦✉ s♠❛s❤ ♦❜st❛❝❧❡s✱
❝❧❡❛♥s❡❞✱ t❤♦✉ s❡❡❦ t♦ ♣r♦❝✉r❡ ❬❢♦r ✉s❪ t❤❡ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✳

✶ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✽✳✾✷✳✼❜

✷ ✈❡rs❡s r❡❝✐t❡❞ t♦ ❛ s♣❡❝✐❛❧ t✉♥❡
✸ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ✽✳✾✸✳✷✻✳❜
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✽✳✾✻

Tiraścı̄ Āṅgirasa | ✶✕✸✱ ✺✕✷✶ Tris..thubh✱ ✹ Virāj | t♦ Indra

asmā´ us.ā´sa ā´tiranta yā´mam

ı́ndrāya náktamū´rmyāh. suvā´cah. |
asmā´ ā´po mātárah. saptá tasthur
nŕ.bhyastárāya sı́ndhavah. supārā´h. || 1 ||

átividdhā vithurén.ā cidástrā

trı́h. saptá sā´nu sám
. hitā girı̄n.ā´m |
ná táddevó ná mártyastuturyād
yā´ni právr.ddho vr..sabháścakā´ra || 2 ||

ı́ndrasya vájra āyasó nı́miśla

ı́ndrasya bāhvórbhū´yis..thamójah. |
śı̄rs.ánnı́ndrasya krátavo nireká
āsánnés.anta śrútyā upāké || 3 ||

mánye tvā yajñı́yam. yajñı́yānām.

mánye tvā cyávanamácyutānām |
mánye tvā sátvanāmindra ketúm .
mánye tvā . cars.an.ı̄nā´m || 4 ||
vr..sabhám

ā´ yádvájram
. bāhvórindra dhátse
madacyútamáhaye hántavā´ u |
prá párvatā ánavanta prá gā´vah.
prá brahmā´n.o abhináks.anta ı́ndram || 5 ||

támu .s.tavāma yá imā´ jajā´na

vı́śvā jātā´nyávarān.yasmāt |
ı́ndren.a mitrám . didhis.ema gı̄rbhı́r
úpo námobhirvr..sabhám . viśema || 6 ||
 ✶✶✹✼

✶✳ ❋♦r ❤✐♠ t❤❡ ❞❛✇♥s tr❛✈❡rs❡❞ t❤❡ ❝♦✉rs❡✱

❢♦r Indra t❤❡ ♥✐❣❤t ❬✐s❪ ❡❧♦q✉❡♥t ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ✇❛✈❡ ❬♦❢ ❤♦♥❡②❪ ✱
✶
❢♦r ❤✐♠ t❤❡ ✇❛t❡rs r❡♠❛✐♥❡❞ t❤❡ s❡✈❡♥ ♠♦t❤❡rs✱
t❤❡ r✐✈❡rs✱ ❣✐✈✐♥❣ ❛♥ ❡❛s② ♣❛ss❛❣❡ ❢♦r ♠❡♥ t♦ ❝r♦ss✳
✷✳ ❬❲❤❡♥ str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞s ❛r❡❪ ♣✐❡r❝❡❞ t❤r♦✉❣❤ ✖
✷
❡✈❡♥ ❜② ❛ s❤❛❦② s❤♦♦t❡r✱
❬t❤❡♥❪ t❤r✐❝❡ s❡✈❡♥ ❬r❡s♣✐r❛t✐♦♥s❪ ❬❛r❡❪ ♣✉t t♦❣❡t❤❡r
✸
❛t t❤❡ s✉♠♠✐t ♦❢ t❤❡ ♠♦✉♥t❛✐♥s ✳
✹ ✺
◆❡✐t❤❡r ❛ deva✱ ♥♦r ❛ ♠♦rt❛❧ ❝❛♥ s✉r♣❛ss t❤❛t ✖
❬t❤❡ ❤❡r♦✐❝ ❞❡❡❞s❪
✇❤✐❝❤ ✐♥t❡♥s❡ ❛♣♣❡❛r✐♥❣ ❛s ❛ ❜✉❧❧ ❜✉❧❧ ❤❛s ♣❡r❢♦r♠❡❞✳
✸✳ Indra✬s ✐r♦♥ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t ❬✐s❪ ✐♥t❡rt✇✐♥❡❞ ❬✇✐t❤ ❤✐♠❪✱
✐♥ Indra✬s ❛r♠s ❬✐s❪ t❤❡ ♠♦st ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥t ✈✐❣♦✉r✱
✐♥ Indra✬s ❤❡❛❞ ❬❛r❡❪ ❬❤✐s❪ ❞❡s✐❣♥s ✖
t❤❡② ✢❡❡ t♦ t❤❡ ♠♦✉t❤ t♦ ❜❡ ✇❤✐s♣❡r❡❞✳
✖✖
✹✳ ■ t❤✐♥❦ ♦❢ t❤❡❡ ❛s ✇♦rt❤② ♦❢ ❛ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡
❛♠♦♥❣ ✇♦rt❤② ♦❢ ❛ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡ ♦♥❡s✱
■ t❤✐♥❦ ♦❢ t❤❡❡ ❛s ❛ s❤❛❦❡r ♦❢ ✉♥s❤❛❦❛❜❧❡ ♦♥❡s✳
■ t❤✐♥❦ ♦❢ t❤❡❡ ❛s ❛ ❢♦❝❛❧✲♣♦✐♥t❬✲♦❢✲❜❛tt❧❡❪ ✜❣❤t❡r✱
■ t❤✐♥❦ ♦❢ t❤❡❡ ❛s ❛♣♣❡❛r✐♥❣ ❛s ❛ ❜✉❧❧ ♦❢ t❤♦s❡
t❤❛t ❞r❛✇ t♦ t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s ✳ ✻
✺✳ ❲❤❡♥ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❤❛s ♣✉t t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t ✐♥t♦ ❛r♠s
❬t❤❛t ✐s❪ r❡❡❧✐♥❣ ✇✐t❤ ❡①❝✐t❡♠❡♥t ❬t♦♦ ♠✉❝❤❪
❢♦r t❤❡ s♥❛❦❡ t♦ s❧❛② ❬✐t❪✱
❦♥♦tt② ♦♥❡s ❢♦✉♥❞ t❤❡✐r ✇❛② t♦ ♣r♦❝❡❡❞✱
❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s ❬t♦♦❪❀
✼
❬t❤✉s❪ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t♦rs ❬❛r❡❪ ❛❧✐❣♥❡❞ ✇✐t❤ Indra✳
✻✳ ▲❡t ✉s ❡①t♦❧ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ❣❛✈❡ ❡①✐st❡♥❝❡
t♦ ❛❧❧ t❤❡s❡ ❧♦✇❡r ❝r❡❛t✉r❡s ❢r♦♠ t❤✐s✳
❲❡ ✇♦✉❧❞ ❧✐❦❡ t♦ ❡✛❡❝t ❛♥ ❛❧❧✐❛♥❝❡ ✇✐t❤ Indra ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥ts
❛♥❞ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❛❞♦r❛t✐♦♥s ✇❡ ♠✐❣❤t ❡♥t❡r
t❤❡ r❡s❡♠❜❧✐♥❣✲❜✉❧❧ ❬st❛t❡❪✳
✖✖
✶ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✷✳✶✻✳✺
✷ drdha
. ..
✸ s❡❡ ✽✳✻✾✳✼
✹ sahasrāra ❝❛❦r❛
✺ ✐♥❞✐✈✐❞✉❛❧ s❦✉❧❧s
✻ t❤❡ s❡♥s❡s
✼ ❧✐t✳ ✏❝♦✇s✑
✶✶✹✽

vr.trásya tvā śvasáthād´ı̄.samān.ā

vı́śve devā´ ajahuryé sákhāyah. |
marúdbhirindra sakhyám . te astváthemā´
vı́śvāh. pŕ.tanā jayāsi || 7 ||

trı́h. .sas..tı́stvā marúto vāvr.dhānā´

usrā´ iva rāśáyo yajñı́yāsah. |
úpa tvémah. kr.dhı́ no bhāgadhéyam .
śús.mam . ta enā´ havı́s.ā vidhema || 8 ||

tigmámā´yudham . marútāmánı̄kam .
kásta indra práti vájram. dadhars.a |
anāyudhā´so ásurā adevā´ś
cakrén.a tā´m̃
. ápa vapa .rjı̄s.in || 9 ||

mahá ugrā´ya taváse suvr.ktı́m .

préraya śivátamāya paśváh. |
gı́rvāhase gı́ra ı́ndrāya pūrv´ı̄r
dhehı́ tanvè kuvı́daṅgá védat || 10 ||

ukthávāhase vibhvè manı̄s.ā´m .

drún.ā ná pārámı̄rayā nad´ı̄nām |
nı́ spr.śa dhiyā´ tanvı̀ śrutásya
jús..tatarasya kuvı́daṅgá védat || 11 ||

tádvivid.d.hi yátta ı́ndro jújos.at

stuhı́ sus..tutı́m. námasā´ vivāsa |
úpa bhūs.a jaritarmā´ ruvan.yah.
śrāváyā vā´cam. kuvı́daṅgá védat || 12 ||
 ✶✶✹✾

✼✳ ❋❧❡❡✐♥❣ ❢r♦♠ Vr.tra✬s ❤✐ss✐♥❣

❛❧❧ deva✲s ✇❤♦ ✇❡r❡ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s ❛❜❛♥❞♦♥❡❞ t❤❡❡✳
▼❛② t❤❡r❡ ❜❡ t❤② ❢r✐❡♥❞s❤✐♣ ✇✐t❤ Marut✲s✱ ❖ Indra✱
t❤❡♥ ②♦✉ ❬✇✐❧❧❪ ✇✐♥ ❛❧❧ t❤❡s❡ ❜❛tt❧❡s✦
✽✳ ❚❤r✐❝❡ s✐①t② Marut✲s ❬❤❛✈❡❪ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥❡❞ t❤❡❡✱
❧✐❦❡ ♠✉❧t✐t✉❞❡s ❬str❡♥❣t❤❡♥❪ ✇♦rt❤② ♦❢ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡ ♠♦r♥✐♥❣ ❧✐❣❤ts✳
❲❡ ❞❡✈♦t❡ ♦✉rs❡❧✈❡s t♦ t❤❡❡✱ ♠❛❦❡ ❛ s❤❛r❡ ❞✉❡ t♦ ✉s✱
✇❡ ✇♦rs❤✐♣ t❤② ❢❡r✈♦r ❤❡r❡ ✇✐t❤ ❛♥ ♦❜❧❛t✐♦♥✳
✾✳ ❙❝♦r❝❤✐♥❣ ✇❡❛♣♦♥ ✐s t❤❡ ✈❛♥❣✉❛r❞ ♦❢ Marút✲s✳
❲❤❛t ❞✐❞ ❬❡✈❡r❪ r✐✈❛❧❡❞ t❤② t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t❄
❯♥❛r♠❡❞ ❬❛r❡❪ asura✲s ✇❤♦ ❛r❡ ✇✐t❤♦✉t deva✲s ✖
s❝❛tt❡r t❤❡♠ ✉s✐♥❣ t❤❡ ✇❤❡❡❧ ✱ ❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❞✐r❡❝t ✐♠♣❛❝t ♦♥❡✦
✽
✖✖
✶✵✳ ❚♦ ♠✐❣❤t②✱ ❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s✱ str♦♥❣ ♦♥❡ ❬♣r❡s❡♥t❪ ❛ ✇❡❧❧✲t✇✐st❡❞ ❬✈❡rs❡❪✱
st✐♠✉❧❛t❡ t❤❡ ❜r✉t❡s ❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢
t❤❡ ❞❡str♦②✐♥❣ r❡❛❝t✐✈❡ ✐♠♣✉❧s✐✈❡♥❡ss ♦♥❡❀
t♦ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ✐s ❝♦♥✈❡②❡❞ ❜② ❝❤❛♥ts✱ t♦ Indra✱
♣r❡s❡♥t ♠❛♥② s♦♥❣s t♦ ❤✐s s❡❧❢ ✖ ✇♦✉❧❞ ❤❡ t❤❡♥ ♥♦t✐❝❡❄
✶✶✳ ❋♦r ❝♦♥✈❡②❡❞✲✇✐t❤✲✈❡rs❡s ❛❧❧✲♣❡r✈❛❞✐♥❣ ♦♥❡
st✐♠✉❧❛t❡ t❤❡ ❝♦rr❡❝t ❝♦♥❝❡♣t✐♦♥
❛s ✐❢ ❬❛ ❜♦❛t❪ t♦ t❤❡ ♦t❤❡r s✐❞❡ ♦❢ str❡❛♠s ✇✐t❤ ❛ ✇♦♦❞❡♥ ❬♦❛r❪✦
❲✐t❤ ❛ ✈✐s✐♦♥ t♦✉❝❤ ♦✈❡r t❤❡ ❜♦❞② ♦❢ t❤❡ ❢❛♠♦✉s ♦♥❡
✇❤♦ ✐s ♣r♦♣✐t✐❛t❡❞ ✐♥ ♦r❞❡r t♦ ❝r♦ss ✖ ✇♦✉❧❞ ❤❡ t❤❡♥ ♥♦t✐❝❡❄
✶✷✳ ❲♦r❦ ✉♣♦♥ t❤❛t ♦❢ t❤❡❡ ✇❤❛t Indra s❤❛❧❧ ❢r❡q✉❡♥t✱
❝❡❧❡❜r❛t❡ ❬❤✐♠❪ ✇✐t❤ ❛ ❝♦rr❡❝t❧② ❛rt✐❝✉❧❛t❡❞ ♣r❛✐s❡✱
r❡✈❡r❡♥t❧② s❡❡❦ t♦ ♣r♦❝✉r❡ ❬❤✐♠❪✦
❇❡ ❝❛r❡❢✉❧✱ ❖ ✐♥✈♦❦❡r✦ ❉♦ ♥♦t s❝r❡❡❝❤ ✱ ✾
❬❜✉t❪ ♠❛❦❡ ❬t❤②❪ s♣❡❡❝❤ ❤❡❛r❞ ✖ ✇♦✉❧❞ ❤❡ t❤❡♥ ♥♦t✐❝❡❄
✖✖

✽ ♣r♦❜✳ t❤❡ manipūra ❝❛❦r❛

.
✾ ❢♦❧❧♦✇✐♥❣ ❬❏❛♠✐s♦♥ ❛♥❞ ❇r❡r❡t♦♥✱ ✷✵✶✹✱ ♣✳✶✷✵✶❪
✶✶✺✵

áva drapsó am . śumátı̄matis..thad

iyānáh. kr..sn.ó daśábhih. sahásraih. |
ā´vattámı́ndrah. śácyā dhámantam
ápa snéhitı̄rnr.mán.ā adhatta || 13 ||

drapsámapaśyam . vı́s.un.e cárantam

upahvaré nadyò am . śumátyāh. |
nábho ná kr..sn.ámavatasthivā´m . sam
ı́s.yāmi vo vr..san.o yúdhyatājau ´ || 14 ||

′
ádha drapsó am . śumátyā upásthé dhārayat
tanvàm . titvis.ān.áh. |
vı́śo ádevı̄rabhyā`cárantı̄r
bŕ.haspátinā yujéndrah. sasāhe || 15 ||

. ha tyátsaptábhyo jā´yamāno śatrúbhyo

′
tvám
abhavah. śátrurindra |
gū..dhé dyā´vāpr.thiv´ı̄ ánvavindo
vibhumádbhyo bhúvanebhyo rán.am . dhāh. || 16 ||

tvám. ha tyádapratimānámójo
vájren.a vajrindhr..sitó jaghantha |
tvám. śús.n.asyā´vātiro vádhatrais
tvám. gā´ indra śácyédavindah. || 17 ||

. ha tyádvr..sabha cars.an.ı̄nā´m
tvám .
ghanó vr.trā´n.ām. tavis.ó babhūtha |
tvám
. sı́ndhūm̃ . rasr.jastastabhānā´n
tvámapó ajayo dāsápatnı̄h. || 18 ||
 ✶✶✺✶

✶✸✳ ❚❤❡ s♣❛r❦ ✇❡♥t ❞♦✇♥ ✐♥t♦ Am.śumatı̄❀ ❜❡❝♦♠✐♥❣ ❞❛r❦

✶✵
❛❣❛✐♥ ❛♥❞ ❛❣❛✐♥ t❤r♦✉❣❤ t❡♥s ♦❢ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞s ❬vr.tra✲s❪✳
Indra ❤❡❧♣❡❞ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ✐s ❜❧♦✇✐♥❣ ❬❛t t❤❡ s♣❛r❦❪
✇✐t❤ ❬❤✐s❪ ♠✐❣❤t② ❛ss✐st❛♥❝❡ ✖
❤❡✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ♠❛♥❧② ♠✐♥❞s❡t✱ ♣r❡✈❡♥t❡❞ ❛ s❧❛✉❣❤t❡r✳
✶✹✳ ■ s❛✇ t❤❡ s♣❛r❦ ✇❛♥❞❡r✐♥❣ ❛s✐❞❡
✐♥ t✇✐st ❛♥❞ t✉r♥s ♦❢ Amśumatı̄ str❡❛♠ ✶✶
❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❣♦♥❡ ❞♦✇♥ ❬✐♥t♦ .✐t❪ ❛s ✐❢ ✐♥t♦ ❛ ❞❛r❦ ❝❧♦✉❞✳
■ ✐♥❝✐t❡ ②♦✉✱ ❖ ❜✉❧❧s✦ ❨♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ ✜❣❤t ✐♥ t❤❡ ❜❛tt❧❡✦
✶✺✳ ❚❤❡♥ t❤❡ s♣❛r❦✱ ❬st✐❧❧❪ ✐♥ t❤❡ ❧❛♣ ♦❢ Am.śumatı̄✱
❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ✈✐♦❧❡♥t❧② ❛❣✐t❛t❡❞✱ ❡♠♣❧♦②❡❞ t❤❡ ❜♦❞②✳
Indra ✇✐t❤ Br.haspati ❛s ❛ ②♦❦❡✲♠❛t❡ ❤❛s ♦✈❡r♣♦✇❡r❡❞
❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤✐♥❣✲t♦✲❛tt❛❝❦ ❝❧❛♥s ❬t❤❛t ✇❡r❡❪ ✇✐t❤♦✉t deva✲s✳
✖✖
✶✻✳ ■♥❞❡❡❞ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❜❡✐♥❣ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❡❞ ✱ ✶✷
❬❜❡❝❛♠❡❪ ❛ r✐✈❛❧ t♦ t❤❡ s❡✈❡♥ ❬t❤❛t ❤❛❞❪ ♥♦ r✐✈❛❧s✳
■♥ s❡❝r❡t✱ ❬❜✉t❪ ❛❣r❡❡❛❜❧② t♦ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤✱
t❤♦✉ ❢♦✉♥❞ ❬❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s❪✱
t❤♦✉ s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ s❡t ✉♣ ❛ ❞❡❧✐❣❤t ❢♦r ♣❡r✈❛❞✐♥❣ ❢❛❝❡ts ♦❢ ❧✐❢❡✳
✶✼✳ ■♥❞❡❡❞ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲✇✐❡❧❞❡r✱ ♣r♦✈♦❦❡❞ t♦ ❞❛r❡✱
❤❛✈❡ ❞❡str♦②❡❞ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t
❬t❤❛t❪ ✉♥♦♣♣♦s❡❞ ❢r❡♥③② ❬♦❢ Vr.tra❪✱
✉s✐♥❣ ❞❡❛❞❧② ✇❡❛♣♦♥s t❤♦✉ ❞❡❣r❛❞❡❞ ❬t❤❛t❪ ♦❢ Śus.n.a✳
❚❤♦✉ ❢♦✉♥❞ ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s ❥✉st ❜② ❡♥❛❜❧✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡♠❪✳
✶✸
✶✽✳ ■♥❞❡❡❞ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ ❛♣♣❡❛r✐♥❣ ❛s ❛ ❜✉❧❧ ♦♥❡✱ ❤❛✈❡ ❜❡❝♦♠❡
✐♥✲❝♦♥tr♦❧ ❞❡str♦②❡r ♦❢ ♦❜st❛❝❧❡s ✶✹
♦❢ t❤♦s❡ t❤❛t ❞r❛✇ t♦ t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s ✳ ✶✺
❚❤♦✉ r❡❧❡❛s❡❞ ❛rr❡st❡❞ r✐✈❡rs✱
t❤♦✉ ♦✈❡r❝❛♠❡ ✇❛t❡rs ❬t❤❛t ✇❡r❡❪ t❤❡ ♠✐str❡ss❡s ♦❢ t❤❡ ❞❡♠♦♥✳
✶✻
✖✖

✶✵ ♦r ✏❞r♦♣✑ ✖ ❝♦♥❝❡♥tr❛t❡❞ ✐♥♥❡r Soma t❤❛t ♠✐❣❤t s❡❡♥ ❛s ❧✉♠✐♥♦✉s s♠❛❧❧

♦r❜ ✇❛♥❞❡r✐♥❣ ✐♥s✐❞❡ ♦♥❡✬s ❜♦❞②
✶✶ ♣r♦❜✳ t❤❡ ✢♦✇ ♦❢ ❡♥❡r❣② ✐♥ t❤❡ s♣✐♥❡ t❤❛t ♦r✐❣✐♥❛t❡s ✐♥ ✐ts ❧♦✇❡st ♣❛rt✱
r❡s✉❧ts ✐♥ ❞❡❡♣ ❢❡❛r✱ ❛ s❡♥s❡ ♦❢ r❡❛❧ ❞❛♥❣❡r t♦ ♣❤②s✐❝❛❧ ❜♦❞②✱ ❛♥❞ ♣r✐♠❡s
✢✐❣❤t✲♦r✲✜❣❤t r❡❛❝t✐♦♥s
✶✷ ❧✐t✳ ✏❜♦r♥✑
✶✸ ❧✐t✳ ✏❝♦✇s✑
✶✹ vrtra✲s
.
✶✺ t❤❡ s❡♥s❡s
✶✻ ❂❡♥❡r❣✐❡s
✶✶✺✷

sá sukrátū rán.itā yáh. sutés.vánuttamanyur

yó áheva revā´n |
yá éka ı́nnáryápām . si kártā
sá vr.trahā´ prát´ı̄danyámāhuh. || 19 ||

sá vr.trahéndraścars.an.ı̄dhŕ.t
. sus..tutyā´ hávyam
tám . huvema |
sá prāvitā´ maghávā no ′dhivaktā´
sá vā´jasya śravasyàsya dātā´ || 20 ||

sá vr.trahéndra .rbhuks.ā´h.

sadyó jajñānó hávyo babhūva |
. si náryā purū´n.i
kr.n.vánnápām
sómo ná pı̄tó hávyah. sákhibhyah. || 21 ||
 ✶✶✺✸

✶✾✳ ❍❡ ❤❛s ❣♦♦❞ ❞❡s✐❣♥s ✇❤♦ ✐s t❤❡ ❡♥❥♦②❡r ❛t Soma ♣r❡ss✐♥❣s✳

✏❍✐s r❛❣❡ ✐s ♥♦t ❬t♦ ❜❡❪ ❞♦✇♥♣❧❛②❡❞ ✇❤♦ ✐s r✐❝❤ ❧✐❦❡ t❤❡ ❞❛②✱
✇❤♦ ❛❧♦♥❡ ✐s t❤❡ ❞♦❡r ♦❢ ✇♦r❦s ✐♥s✐❞❡ ❛ ♠❛♥✱
❤❡
✶✼ ✐s ❛ s❧❛②❡r ♦❢ Vr.tra✑✱
t❤❡② s❛② ✐♥ ♦♣♣♦s✐t✐♦♥ t♦ t❤❡ ♦t❤❡r ❬Vr
✶✽ ❪✳
. tra✲s❧❛②❡r
✷✵✳ ❍❡ ✐s ❛ Vr.tra✲s❧❛②❡r ✖ Indra✱
s✉♣♣♦rt✐♥❣ t❤♦s❡ t❤❛t ❞r❛✇ t♦ t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s
✶✾ ✳
❍✐♠✱ t♦✲❜❡✲❝❛❧❧❡❞✲✉♣♦♥✱
✇❡ ♠✐❣❤t s✉♠♠♦♥ ✇✐t❤ ❛ ❝♦rr❡❝t❧② ❛rt✐❝✉❧❛t❡❞ ♣r❛✐s❡✱
❤❡ ✇✐❧❧ ❜❡ ♦✉r ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ❝❤❛♠♣✐♦♥✱ ❬♦✉r❪ ❛❞✈♦❝❛t❡✳
❍❡ ✇✐❧❧ ❜❡ t❤❡ ❣✐✈❡r ♦❢ ✇♦rt❤②✲♦❢✲❢❛♠❡ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✳
✷✶✳ ❍❡ ✐s ❛ Vr.tra✲s❧❛②❡r ✖ Indra✱
t❤❡ ♠❛st❡r ♦❢ R
. bhu✲s✱
❛t ♦♥❝❡ ❜❡❝♦♠✐♥❣ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❡❞
❬✇❤❡♥ ❤❡ ✐s ❛❜♦✉t❪ t♦✲❜❡✲❝❛❧❧❡❞✲✉♣♦♥✳
P❡r❢♦r♠✐♥❣ ♠❛♥② ♠❛♥❧② ❧❛❜♦rs ❧✐❦❡ ✐♠❜✐❜❡❞ Soma ❬❞✐❞❪
❬❤❡ ✐s❪ t♦✲❜❡✲❝❛❧❧❡❞✲✉♣♦♥ ❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s✳

✶✼ Indra
✶✽ Soma
✶✾ t❤❡ s❡♥s❡s
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✽✳✾✼

Rebha Kāśyapa | ✶✕✾ Br.hatı̄✱ ✶✵✕✶✺ ✈❛r✐♦✉s | t♦ Indra

yā´ indra bhúja ā´bharah. svàrvām̃

. ásurebhyah. |
stotā´ramı́nmaghavannasya vardhaya yé ca tvé vr.ktábarhis.ah. || 1 ||

yámindra dadhis.é tvámáśvam . gā´m. bhāgámávyayam |

yájamāne sunvatı́ dáks.in.āvati tásmintám. dhehi mā´ pan.au
´ || 2 ||

yá indra sástyavratò ′nus.vā´pamádevayuh. |

sváıh. .sá évairmumuratpós.yam . rayı́m . tátah. || 3 ||
. sanutárdhehi tám

yáchakrā´si parāváti yádarvāváti vr.trahan |

átastvā gı̄rbhı́rdyugádindra keśı́bhih. sutā´vām̃
. ā´ vivāsati || 4 ||

yádvā´si rocané diváh. samudrásyā´dhi vis..tápi |

yátpā´rthive sádane vr.trahantama yádantáriks.a ā´ gahi || 5 ||

sá nah. sómes.u somapāh. sutés.u śavasaspate |

mādáyasva rā´dhasā sūnŕ.tāvaténdra rāyā´ párı̄n.asā || 6 ||
 ✶✶✺✺

✶✳ ❲❤❛t ❛❞✈❛♥t❛❣❡s t❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ ✐♥ ♣♦ss❡ss✐♦♥ ♦❢ svàr✱

❜r♦✉❣❤t ❤❡r❡ ❢♦r asura✲s✱
❥✉st t❤❡ ♣r❛✐s❡r ♦❢ t❤❛t ♠❛❦❡ str♦♥❣❡r✱ ❖ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡✱
✶
❛♥❞ ❬t❤♦s❡❪ ✇❤♦s❡ s❛❝r✐✜❝✐❛❧ ❣r❛ss ✐s t✇✐st❡❞
❬t♦ ❜❡❪ ✐♥ t❤② ❬♣r❡s❡♥❝❡❪✳
✷✳ ❲❤❛t t❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❤❛✈❡ ♦❜t❛✐♥❡❞ ✖
❛ ❤♦rs❡✱ ❛ ❝♦✇✱ ❛ ❣♦♦❞ ❢♦rt✉♥❡ ♥♦t ❧✐❛❜❧❡ t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡ ✖
t❤❛t ❞♦ ♣❧❛❝❡ ✉♥t♦ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡r ✇❤♦ ✐s ♣r❡ss✐♥❣ Soma✱
✇❤♦ ✐s ❛❜♦✉♥❞✐♥❣ ✐♥ s❛❝r✐✜❝✐❛❧ r❡✇❛r❞s✱ ♥♦t ✉♥t♦ ❛ ♥✐❣❣❛r❞✳
✸✳ ❲❤♦✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ♥♦ ❝♦♥str❛✐♥ts✱ ✐s ✐❞❧❡✱
s❧❡❡♣②✱ ♥♦t✲s❡❡❦✐♥❣✲deva✱
❤❡ ❜② ❤✐s ♦✇♥ ❤❛❜✐ts s❤❛❧❧ ❞❡str♦② t♦✲❜❡✲♥♦✉r✐s❤❡❞ tr❡❛s✉r❡ ✖
❜❡❝❛✉s❡ ♦❢ t❤❛t ♣✉t t❤❛t ❬tr❡❛s✉r❡❪ ❢❛r ♦✛ ❬❢r♦♠ ❤✐♠❪✦
✖✖
✹✳ ■❢ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ ❡♠♣♦✇❡r✐♥❣ ♦♥❡✱ ❛r❡ ✐♥ ❛ ❞✐st❛♥❝❡✱
✐❢ ♥❡❛r❜②✱ ❖ Vr.tra✲s❧❛②❡r✱
❤❡♥❝❡ ❤❡✱ ✇❤♦ ✐s ✐♥ ♣♦ss❡ss✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❬Soma❪✱
❜② ❣♦✐♥❣ ❬✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ♠✐♥❞❪ t♦ ❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥✱ ✇✐t❤ ❝❤❛♥ts
❤❡ s❡❡❦s t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ❧♦♥❣✲❤❛✐r❡❞ ♦♥❡s t♦ ♣r♦❝✉r❡ t❤❡❡✳
✺✳ ■❢ t❤♦✉ ❛r❡ ✐♥ ❛ ❧✉♠✐♥♦✉s s♣❤❡r❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥✱
❬✐❢❪ ❛❜♦✈❡ t❤❡ s✉r❢❛❝❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ s❡❛✱
✐❢ ♦♥ ❡❛rt❤❧② s❡❛t✱ ❖ t❤❡ ❜❡st ❛t s❧❛②✐♥❣ Vrtra✱
✐❢ ✐♥ t❤❡ ✐♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ s♣❛❝❡ ✖ ❝♦♠❡ ❤❡r❡✦.
✻✳ ❙✉❝❤ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ ❞r✐♥❦✐♥❣ Soma ♠❛st❡r ♦❢ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱
♠❛❦❡ t❤②s❡❧❢ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t❡❞ ♦♥ ♦✉r ♣r❡ss❡❞ ♦✉t Soma✲s
❛❧♦♥❣ ✇✐t❤ ✇❡❧❧✲✜tt✐♥❣ s❛t✐s❢❛❝t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❬♦✉r❪ ❞❡s✐r❡✱
❖ Indra✱ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡ ✐♥ ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥❝❡✦
✖✖

✶ svàr
✶✶✺✻

mā´ na indra párā vr.n.agbhávā nah. sadhamā´dyah. |

. na ūt´ı̄ tvámı́nna ā´pyam
tvám . mā´ na indra párā vr.n.ak || 7 ||

asmé indra sácā suté nı́ .sadā pı̄táye mádhu |

kr.dh´ı̄ jaritré maghavannávo mahádasmé indra sácā suté || 8 ||

ná tvā devā´sa āśata ná mártyāso adrivah. |

vı́śvā jātā´ni śávasābhibhū´rasi ná tvā devā´sa āśata || 9 ||

vı́śvāh. pŕ.tanā abhibhū´taram

. náram .
sajū´stataks.urı́ndram . jajanúśca rājáse |
krátvā váris..tham . vára āmúrimutógrám
ójis..tham. tavásam. tarasvı́nam || 10 ||

sámı̄m. rebhā´so asvarannı́ndram

.
sómasya pı̄táye |
svàrpatim. yádı̄m. vr.dhé
dhr.távrato hyójasā
sámūtı́bhih. || 11 ||

nemı́m . namanti cáks.asā

mes.ám . vı́prā abhisvárā |
sudı̄táyo vo adrúhó ′pi
kárn.e tarasvı́nah.
sámŕ.kvabhih. || 12 ||
 ✶✶✺✼

✼✳ ❉♦ ♥♦t t✉r♥ ✉s ❛✇❛②✱ ❖ Indra✱

❜❡❝♦♠❡ ♦✉r ❢❡❛st✐♥❣ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥✦
❚❤♦✉ ❬❛r❡❪ ✇✐t❤ ❛♥ ❛✐❞ ❢♦r ✉s✱ ❥✉st t❤♦✉ ❬❛r❡❪ ❢♦r ✉s ❛♥ ❛❧❧②✱
❞♦ ♥♦t t✉r♥ ✉s ❛✇❛②✱ ❖ Indra✦
✽✳ ❋♦r ♦✉r s❛❦❡✱ ❖ Indra✱ ✐♥ t❤❡ ♣r❡s❡♥❝❡ ♦❢ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❬Soma❪
s✐t ❞♦✇♥ t♦ ❞r✐♥❦ t❤❡ ❤♦♥❡②✦
❉♦ ❛ ❣r❡❛t ❢❛✈♦✉r t♦ t❤❡ ✐♥✈♦❦❡r✱ ❖ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡✱
❢♦r ♦✉r s❛❦❡✱ ❖ Indra✱ ✐♥ t❤❡ ♣r❡s❡♥❝❡ ♦❢ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❬Soma❪✦
✾✳ ◆❡✐t❤❡r deva✲s ❡q✉❛❧
✷ t❤❡❡
♥♦r ♠♦rt❛❧s✱ ❖ st♦♥❡✲✇✐❡❧❞❡r✦
❚❤r♦✉❣❤ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡ t❤♦✉ ❛r❡ s✉♣❡r✐♦r t♦ ❛❧❧ ❝r❡❛t✉r❡s✱
deva✲s ❞♦ ♥♦t ❡q✉❛❧
✸ t❤❡❡✳
✖✖
✶✵✳ ❚❤❡② s❤❛❧❧ ❢❛s❤✐♦♥✱ ❛♥❞✱ ♠♦r❡♦✈❡r✱ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st Indra ✖
♠♦r❡ s✉♣❡r✐♦r t♦ ❛❧❧ ❛r♠✐❡s ♠❛♥ ✖ ✐♥ ♦r❞❡r t♦ r✉❧❡ ✖
t❤❡ ♠♦st ♣r❡❢❡r❛❜❧❡ ❜❡❝❛✉s❡ ♦❢ r❡s♦✉r❝❡❢✉❧♥❡ss
❛♥❞ ❞❡str♦②✐♥❣ ✇❤❡♥ s✉rr♦✉♥❞❡❞✱
❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s✱ ♠♦st ✈✐❣♦r♦✉s✱ str♦♥❣✱ ❢✉❧❧✲♦❢✲❞❡❧✐✈❡r❛♥❝❡ ♦♥❡✳
✶✶✳ ▼✉r♠✉r✐♥❣ ♦♥❡s ✐♥t♦♥❡ ❤✐♠✱
Indra✱ t♦ ❞r✐♥❦ Soma✱
s♦ ❛s t♦ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥ ❤✐♠✱ t❤❡ ♠❛st❡r ♦❢ svàr✱
s✐♥❝❡❬✱ ✐❢ ❤✐s❪ r❡❛❧♠ ✐s ♠❛✐♥t❛✐♥❡❞ ✈✐❣♦r♦✉s❧②✱
❬❤❡ ✐s ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❡❞❪ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ s✐❞❡✲❡✛❡❝ts✳
✶✷✳ ❬❆s❪ t❤❡② ❜❡♥❞ ❢❡❧❧② ✏❣✉✐❞❡❞ ❜② t❤❡ ❡②❡✑ ✱
✹
❬s♦❪ ✐♥✇❛r❞❧②✲❡①❝✐t❡❞ ♦♥❡s ❬❢❛s❤✐♦♥❪ t❤❡ r❛♠ ✖
❬❜❡✐♥❣❪ ✏❣✉✐❞❡❞ ❜② r❡✈❡r❜❡r❛t✐♦♥✑ ❬♦♥❧②❪✳
❬❚❤♦s❡❪ ♦❢ ②♦✉ ✇❤♦ ❛r❡ ✜r❡❞✲✉♣ ❢r❡❡✲❢r♦♠✲❞❡❝❡✐t
❬s❤❛❧❧ ✐♥t♦♥❡❪ ✐♥ ❧♦✇ ✈♦✐❝❡
✺ t♦ ❢✉❧❧✲♦❢✲❞❡❧✐✈❡r❛♥❝❡ ♦♥❡
t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ r❡❝✐t✐♥❣ ✈❡rs❡s ♦♥❡s✳
✖✖

✷ ❧✐t✳ ✏r❡❛❝❤✑
✸ ❧✐t✳ ✏r❡❛❝❤✑
✹ ❧✐t✳ ✏❜② s✐❣❤t✑
✺ ❧✐t✳ ✏✐♥t♦ t❤❡ ❡❛r✑
✶✶✺✽

támı́ndram . johavı̄mi maghávānamugrám .

satrā´ dádhānamápratis.kutam . si |
. śávām
mám. his..tho gı̄rbhı́rā´ ca yajñı́yo vavártad
rāyé no vı́śvā supáthā kr.n.otu vajr´ı̄ || 13 ||

tvám. púra indra cikı́denā

vyójasā śavis..tha śakra nāśayádhyai |
tvádvı́śvāni bhúvanāni vajrin
dyā´vā rejete pr.thiv´ı̄ ca bhı̄s.ā´ || 14 ||

tánma .rtámindra śūra citra pātvapó ná

vajrinduritā´ti pars.i bhū´ri |
kadā´ na indra rāyá ā´ daśasyer
viśvápsnyasya spr.hayā´yyasya rājan || 15 ||
 ✶✶✺✾

✶✸✳ ❚❤❛t Indra ■ ❤♦♥♦r ❛❣❛✐♥ ❛♥❞ ❛❣❛✐♥ ✖ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s

❛❧✇❛②s ♦❜t❛✐♥✐♥❣ ✉♥r❡♣✉❧s❛❜❧❡ ❬❢❡r✈♦r❪
✻
❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ♣♦✇❡rs t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✳
❆♥❞ ❬✐❢❪ t❤❡ ♠♦st ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ✇✐t❤ ❝❤❛♥ts ✇♦rt❤②✲♦❢✲❛✲s❛❝r✐✜❝❡ ♦♥❡
t✉r♥s ✉♣ ❤❡r❡✱
❧❡t ❤❡✱ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲✇✐❡❧❞❡r✱ ❡✛❡❝t ❢♦r ✉s
❛❧❧ ❡❛s② ♣❛t❤s t♦ t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡✦
✶✹✳ ❚❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❬❛r❡❪ ♣❛②✐♥❣ ❛tt❡♥t✐♦♥ t♦ str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞s
✐♥ ♦r❞❡r t♦ ✈✐❣♦r♦✉s❧② ❝❛✉s❡ t❤❡♠ t♦ ✈❛♥✐s❤✱ ❖ ❡♠♣♦✇❡r✐♥❣✱
❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♠♦st ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡ ♦♥❡✦
❋r♦♠ t❤❡ ❢❡❛r ♦❢ t❤❡❡ ❛❧❧ ♣❧❛❝❡s ♦❢ ❡①✐st❡♥❝❡✱
❖ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲✇✐❡❧❞❡r✱
t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤ ❛r❡ tr❡♠❜❧✐♥❣✳
✶✺✳ ▼❛② t❤❛t ❝♦❤❡r❡♥❝❡✱ ❖ Indra✱ ♣r♦t❡❝t ♠❡✱
❖ ♠❛♥✐❢♦❧❞ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✦
▼❛♥② t✐♠❡s✱ ❖ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲✇✐❡❧❞❡r✱
t❤♦✉ s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ ❝❛rr✐❡❞ ❬♠❡❪
❛❝r♦ss ❞✐✣❝✉❧t✐❡s ❛s ❬t❤♦✉ ❞✐❞❪ ♦✈❡r ✇❛t❡rs✳
❲❤❡♥✱ ❖ Indra✱ t❤♦✉ ♠✐❣❤t ♦❜❧✐❣❡ ✉s
✇✐t❤ ❛❧❧✲♥♦✉r✐s❤✐♥❣ t♦✲❜❡✲❡❛❣❡r❧②✲❞❡s✐r❡❞ tr❡❛s✉r❡✱
❖ ❝❤✐❡❢t❛✐♥✦❄

✻ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✽✳✾✸✳✶✷❛❜

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✽✳✾✽

Nr.medha Āṅgirasa | ✈❛r✐♦✉s | t♦ Indra

ı́ndrāya sā´ma gāyata vı́prāya br.haté br.hát |

dharmakŕ.te vipaścı́te panasyáve || 1 ||

tvámindrābhibhū´rasi tvám
. sū´ryamarocayah. |
viśvákarmā viśvádevo mahā´m̃
. asi || 2 ||

vibhrā´jañjyótis.ā svàrágacho rocanám

. diváh. |
devā´sta indra sakhyā´ya yemire || 3 ||

éndra no gadhi priyáh. satrājı́dágohyah. |

girı́rná viśvátaspr.thúh. pátirdiváh. || 4 ||

abhı́ hı́ satya somapā ubhé babhū´tha ródası̄ |

ı́ndrā´si sunvató vr.dháh. pátirdiváh. || 5 ||

. hı́ śáśvatı̄nāmı́ndra dartā´ purā´mási |

tvám
hantā´ dásyormánorvr.dháh. pátirdiváh. || 6 ||

ádhā h`ı̄ndra girvan.a úpa tvā kā´mānmaháh. sasr.jmáhe |

udéva yánta udábhih. || 7 ||

vā´rn.á tvā yavyā´bhirvárdhanti śūra bráhmān.i |

vāvr.dhvā´m . cidadrivo divédive || 8 ||
. sam

yuñjánti hárı̄ is.irásya gā´thayorau

´ rátha urúyuge |
indravā´hā vacoyújā || 9 ||
 ✶✶✻✶

✶✳ ❉♦ ②❡ ❝❤❛♥t sāman t♦ Indra✱

✶
t♦ ✐♥✇❛r❞❧②✲❡①❝✐t❡❞ ❧♦❢t② ♦♥❡ ✖ ❛ ❧♦❢t② ❬sāman❪✱
t♦ ❡✛❡❝t✐♥❣ s✉♣♣♦rt✱ ♣✐❧✐♥❣ ✉♣ ♣✉❧s❛t✐♦♥s✱
❛ttr❛❝t✐♥❣ ❛❞♠✐r❛t✐♦♥ ♦♥❡✦
✷✳ ❚❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❛r❡ s✉♣❡r✐♦r✱
t❤♦✉ ♠❛❞❡ t❤❡ s✉♥ r❡s♣❧❡♥❞❡♥t✳
❚❤♦✉ ❛r❡ ❡✛❡❝t✐♥❣ ❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣✱ ❛❧❧✲❞✐✈✐♥❡✱ ♠✐❣❤t②✳
✸✳ ❙❤✐♥✐♥❣ ❢♦rt❤ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ❧✐❣❤t ❛t t❤❡ svàr
t❤♦✉ ✇❡♥t t♦ t❤❡ ❧✉♠✐♥♦✉s s♣❤❡r❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥✳
Deva✲s ❡①t❡♥❞❡❞ t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s t♦ ❜❡ ❧✐❦❡✲♠✐♥❞❡❞ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡❡✱
❖ Indra✦ ✷
✖✖
✹✳ ❖ Indra✱ ❞❡❛r ❬t♦ ✉s❪✱ s❡t ♦✉t t♦✇❛r❞s ✉s
❬t❤♦✉✱ ✇❤♦ ❛r❡❪ ♥♦t✲t♦✲❜❡✲❝♦♥❝❡❛❧❡❞ ❬❛♥❞❪ ✇✐♥♥✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❡✈❡r② ✇❛②
❧✐❦❡ ❛ ♠♦✉♥t❛✐♥ ✖ s♣r❡❛❞✐♥❣ ♦♥ ❛❧❧ s✐❞❡s ✖
t❤❡ ♣r♦t❡❝t♦r ♦❢ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥✳
✺✳ ❙✐♥❝❡ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ tr✉❡ Soma✲❞r✐♥❦❡r✱
♦✈❡r♣♦✇❡r ❜♦t❤ Rodas✲❡s✱
t❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❛r❡ ❛ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥❡r ♦❢ ❛ Soma✲♣r❡ss❡r
❬❜❡✐♥❣❪ t❤❡ ♣r♦t❡❝t♦r ♦❢ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥✳
✻✳ ❙✐♥❝❡ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❛r❡ ❜r❡❛❦❡r ♦❢ ♥✉♠❡r♦✉s str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞s✱
❬t❤♦✉ ❛r❡❪ ❛ s❧❛②❡r ♦❢ t❤❡ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡ t♦ s✉✛❡r ✇❛♥t✱
❛ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥❡r ♦❢ ❛♥ ✐♥t❡❧❧✐❣❡♥t ♠❛♥ ✖
❬❜❡✐♥❣❪ t❤❡ ♣r♦t❡❝t♦r ♦❢ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥✳
✖✖
✼✳ ❙✐♥❝❡✱ ♠♦r❡♦✈❡r✱ ❖ ❧♦♥❣✐♥❣ ❢♦r ❛ ❝❤❛♥t Indra✱
✇❡ ❤❛✈❡ ❧❡t ♦✉r ❞❡s✐r❡s t♦ q✉✐❝❦❧② ❣♦ t♦✇❛r❞s t❤❡❡✱
t❤❡② ❛r❡ ♠♦✈✐♥❣ ❧✐❦❡ ✇❛t❡r t❤r♦✉❣❤ ✇❛t❡rs✳
✽✳ ❋♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥s ✐♥❝r❡❛s❡ t❤❡❡ ❛s ✐❢ ❬t❤♦✉ ✇❡r❡❪ ❛ ♣♦♥❞✱
❖ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱
t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ s✉✐t❛❜❧❡ ❢♦r ❜❛r❧❡② ❬✇❛t❡rs ❪
✸
❞❛②✲❛❢t❡r✲❞❛② ✖ ❡✈❡♥ ❬✇❤❡♥ t❤♦✉ ✇❡r❡❪ ❛❧r❡❛❞② str❡♥❣t❤❡♥❡❞✱
❖ st♦♥❡✲✇✐❡❧❞❡r✦
✾✳ ❲✐t❤ ❛ s♦♥❣ t❤❡② ②♦❦❡ t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s ♦❢ ✐♥st✐❣❛t✐♥❣ ♦♥❡
✐♥t♦ s♣❛❝✐♦✉s✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ s♣❛❝✐♦✉s ②♦❦❡ ❝❤❛r✐♦t ✖
t❤❡ t✇♦ ❝♦♥✈❡②✐♥❣ Indra✱ t❤❡ t✇♦ ②♦❦❡❞ ❜② ❛♥ ✉tt❡r❛♥❝❡✳
✖✖
✶ ✈❡rs❡s r❡❝✐t❡❞ t♦ ❛ s♣❡❝✐❛❧ t✉♥❡
✷ t❤✐s ❧✐♥❡ ✐s t❤❡ s❛♠❡ ❛s ✽✳✽✾✳✷❝
✸ Soma ❥✉✐❝❡s
✶✶✻✷

tvám . na indrā´ bharam̃ . śatakrato vicars.an.e |

. ójo nr.mn.ám
ā´ vı̄rám pr
. . tanās
. áham || 10 ||

. hı́ nah. pitā´ vaso tvám

tvám . mātā´ śatakrato babhū´vitha |
ádhā te sumnámı̄mahe || 11 ||

tvā´m
. śus.minpuruhūta vājayántamúpa bruve śatakrato |
sá no rāsva suv´ı̄ryam || 12 ||
 ✶✶✻✸

✶✵✳ ❇r✐♥❣ ❤❡r❡ ❢♦r ✉s✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❝♦✉r❛❣❡ ❬❛♥❞❪ ❢r❡♥③②✱

❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ✇✐❧❡s✱ ❞✐s❡♥❣❛❣✐♥❣ ♦♥❡✦
❬❇r✐♥❣❪ ❤❡r❡ ✈✐❝t♦r✐♦✉s ✐♥ ❜❛tt❧❡s ❤❡r♦✦
✶✶✳ ❙✐♥❝❡ t❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❢♦r ✉s t❤❡ ❢❛t❤❡r✱ ❖ ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧ ♦♥❡✱
❬❛♥❞❪ t❤❡ ♠♦t❤❡r✱ ❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ✇✐❧❡s ♦♥❡✱
t❤❡r❡❢♦r❡ ✇❡ ❛s❦ ❢♦r t❤② ❜❡♥❡✈♦❧❡♥t ♠✐♥❞s❡t✳
✶✷✳ ■ ❡♥tr❡❛t t❤❡❡✱ ❖ ✜❡r② ♠✉❝❤✲✐♥✈♦❦❡❞ ♦♥❡✱
❛s ❡♠♣❧♦②✐♥❣ t❤❡ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱ ❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ✇✐❧❡s ♦♥❡✦
❙✉❝❤ t❤♦✉✱ ❞♦ ✐♠♣❛rt t♦ ✉s ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ♠❛♥❧② ✈✐❣♦✉r ❬tr❡❛s✉r❡❪✹ ✦

✹ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✽✳✾✺✳✹❝❞

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✽✳✾✾

Nr.medha Āṅgirasa | Br.hatı̄ ❛❧t❡r♥❛t✐♥❣ ✇✐t❤ Satobr.hatı̄ | t♦ Indra

tvā´midā´ hyó náró ′pı̄pyanvajrinbhū´rn.ayah. |

sá indra stómavāhasāmihá śrudhyúpa svásaramā´ gahi || 1 ||

mátsvā suśipra harivastádı̄mahe tvé ā´ bhūs.anti vedhásah. |

. syupamā´nyukthyā` sutés.vindra girvan.ah. || 2 ||
táva śrávām

śrā´yanta iva sū´ryam. vı́śvédı́ndrasya bhaks.ata |

. ná dı̄dhima || 3 ||
vásūni jāté jánamāna ójasā práti bhāgám

ánarśarātim. vasudā´múpa stuhi bhadrā´ ı́ndrasya rātáyah. |

´
só asya kāmam . vidható ná ros.ati máno dānā´ya codáyan || 4 ||

tvámindra prátūrtis.vabhı́ vı́śvā asi spŕ.dhah. |

aśastihā´ janitā´ viśvatū´rasi tvám
. tūrya tarus.yatáh. || 5 ||

ánu te śús.mam . turáyantamı̄yatuh.

ks.on.´ı̄ śı́śum
. ná mātárā |
vı́śvāste spŕ.dhah. śrathayanta manyáve
vr.trám . yádindra tū´rvasi || 6 ||

itá ūt´ı̄ vo ajáram

. prahetā´ramáprahitam |
āśúm
. jétāram . rath´ı̄tamamátūrtam
. hétāram . tugryāvŕ.dham || 7 ||

is.kartā´ramánis.kr.tam
. sáhaskr.tam . śatákratum |
. śatámūtim
samānámı́ndramávase havāmahe vásavānam . vasūjúvam || 8 ||
 ✶✶✻✺

✶✳ ❆t t❤✐s t✐♠❡ ②❡st❡r❞❛② r❡st❧❡ss ♠❡♥

s✇❡❧❧❡❞ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲✇✐❡❧❞❡r✦
❙✉❝❤ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❤❡❛r ♥♦✇ ❬t❤♦s❡❪
❝♦♥✈❡②✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡❡❪ ✇✐t❤ ❛ ❤②♠♥ ♦❢ ♣r❛✐s❡✦
❈♦♠❡ ❤❡r❡✱ ♥❡❛r ❬t❤②❪ ❤♦♠❡✦
✷✳ ●❡t ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t❡❞✱ ❖ ❝❤♦♦s② ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞✲❜②✲t❛✇♥②✲♦♥❡s ♦♥❡ ✖
✇❡ ❛s❦ ❢♦r t❤❛t✦
❆❞❡♣ts ❬✇✐❧❧❪ ✉s❡ ❡✛♦rts ✇❤❡♥ ✐♥ ❬t❤❡ st❛t❡ ♦❢❪ t❤❡❡✳
❚❤② ♠♦st ❡①❝❡❧❧❡♥t ❛✉❞✐t♦r② ✐♠♣r❡ss✐♦♥s ❛r❡ t♦✲❜❡✲♣r❛✐s❡❞
❛t Soma ♣r❡ss✐♥❣s✱ ❖ ❧♦♥❣✐♥❣ ❢♦r ❝❤❛♥t Indra✦
✸✳ ▲✐❦❡ r✐♣❡♥✐♥❣ ❬❢r✉✐ts ♣❛rt❛❦❡ ♦❢❪ t❤❡ s✉♥✱
②❡ s❤❛❧❧ ♣❛rt❛❦❡ ♦❢ ✐♥❞❡❡❞ ❛❧❧ ❬❝♦♥tr✐✈❛♥❝❡s r❡❧❛t❡❞ t♦❪ Indra✳
✶
❲❡ ❤❛✈❡ ❡♥✈✐s✐♦♥❡❞ ❬r❡s✉❧t✐♥❣❪ ❜❡♥❡✜ts ✖
✇❤❡♥ ❬Indra❪ ✇❛s ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❡❞✱
❬♦r❪ ✐s ❜❡✐♥❣ ✈✐❣♦r♦✉s❧② ❜♦r♥ ✖ ❛s ❛ ❣♦♦❞ ❢♦rt✉♥❡✳
✹✳ ❉♦ t❤♦✉ ✐♥✈♦❦❡ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ✐s ♥♦t ❤✉rt✐♥❣ ✇✐t❤ ❬❤✐s❪ ❣✐❢ts ✖
t❤❡ ❣✐✈❡r ♦❢ ❜❡♥❡✜ts✳
❆✉s♣✐❝✐♦✉s ❛r❡ Indra✬s ❣✐❢ts✦ ✷
❍❡ ✐s ♥♦t ❞✐s❛❣r❡❡❛❜❧❡ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ❧♦♥❣✐♥❣ ♦❢ ❤♦♥♦r✐♥❣ ❤✐♠ ❬♠❛♥❪✱
❢♦r ❬❤❡ ✐s❪ ✐♥❝✐t✐♥❣ ❬❤✐s❪ ♠✐♥❞ ❢♦r t❤❡ ❛❝t ♦❢ ❣✐✈✐♥❣✳
✺✳ ❉✉r✐♥❣ ❛tt❛❝❦s t❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱
❛r❡ ♦✈❡r ❛❧❧ ❬t❤②❪ ❛❞✈❡rs❛r✐❡s✳
❉❡str♦②✐♥❣ ❝✉rs❡s✱ t❤♦✉ ❛r❡ ♣r♦❣❡♥✐t♦r ♦❢ t❤❡ ❛❧❧✲s✉r♣❛ss✐♥❣✳
❖✈❡r♣♦✇❡r t❤♦s❡ ✇❤♦ ♣❧♦t t♦ ♦✈❡r♣♦✇❡r✦
✻✳ ▲✐❦❡ t✇♦ ♠♦t❤❡rs t♦ ❛ ❝❤✐❧❞✱ t✇♦ tr❡♠❜❧✐♥❣ ♦♥❡s✸
❤❛✈❡ ❢♦❧❧♦✇❡❞ t❤② ❝❛✉s✐♥❣✲t♦✲♣r❡ss✲❢♦r✇❛r❞ ❢❡r✈♦r✳
❆❧❧ t❤② ❛❞✈❡rs❛r✐❡s ✉♥t✐❡ t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s t♦ ❜❡ ❛♥❣r②✹
✇❤❡♥ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ ♦✈❡r♣♦✇❡r Vrtra✳
✼✳ ❍❡♥❝❡✱ ❬✇❡ ❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥❪ ✉♥❞❡❝❛②✐♥❣ .♦♥❡ ✇✐t❤ ❛♥ ❛✐❞ t♦ ②❡✱
✉r❣✐♥❣ ❢♦r✇❛r❞ ❬❡✈❡♥ ✇❤❡♥❪ ♥♦t st✐rr❡❞ ✉♣ ♦♥❡✱
s✇✐❢t ✇✐♥♥❡r✱ ✐♥❝✐t❡r ✇❤♦ ✐s t❤❡ ❜❡st ❝❤❛r✐♦t❡❡r✱
♥♦t ♦✈❡r♣♦✇❡r❡❞ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥❡r ♦❢ Tugrya✳
✽✳ ❬❍✐♠✱❪ s❡tt✐♥❣ ✐♥ ♦r❞❡r ✇❤❛t ✐s ✉♥✜♥✐s❤❡❞✱
❝✉❧t✐✈❛t❡❞ ❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ str❡♥❣t❤✱
♦♥❡ ♦❢ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ✇❛②s ♦❢ ❤❡❧♣✐♥❣✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ✇✐❧❡s ♦♥❡ ✖
t❤❛t s❛♠❡ Indra ✇❡ ❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥ t♦ ❤❡❧♣ ✖
✇❤♦s❡ ✇❡❛❧t❤ ✐s ❜r❡❛t❤✱ ❬✇❤♦ ✐s❪ ❛♥✐♠❛t✐♥❣ ✇❤❛t✬s ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧✳
✶ cyautnāni ✖ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✽✳✼✼✳✾
✷t❤✐s ❧✐♥❡ ✐s t❤❡ r❡❢r❛✐♥ ♦❢ ✽✳✻✷
✸t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤ ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥
✹❛♥❞ t❤✉s ❜❡ ✇❡❛❦❡♥❡❞
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✽✳✶✵✵

Nema Bhārgava | ✶✕✺✱ ✶✵✕✶✷ Tris..tubh✱ ✻ Jagatı̄✱ ✼✕✾ Anus..tubh | t♦

Indra

ayám . ta emi tanvā` purástād

vı́śve devā´ abhı́ mā yanti paścā´t |
yadā´ máhyam . d´ı̄dharo bhāgámindrā´dı́n
máyā kr.n.avo vı̄ryā`n.i || 1 ||

dádhāmi te mádhuno bhaks.ámágre

hitáste bhāgáh. sutó astu sómah. |
′
ásaśca tvám . daks.in.atáh. sákhā mé dhā
vr.trā´n.i jaṅghanāva bhū´ri || 2 ||

prá sú stómam . bharata vājayánta

ı́ndrāya satyám . yádi satyámásti |
néndro ast´ı̄ti néma u tva āha
. dadarśa kámabhı́ .s.tavāma || 3 ||
ká ı̄m

ayámasmi jaritah. páśya mehá

vı́śvā jātā´nyabhyàsmi mahnā´ |
r.tásya mā pradı́śo vardhayantyādardiró
bhúvanā dardarı̄mi || 4 ||

ā´ yánmā venā´ áruhannr.tásyam̃

.
ékamā´sı̄nam
. haryatásya pr..s.thé |
mánaścinme hr.dá ā´ prátyavocad
ácikradañchı́śumantah. sákhāyah. || 5 ||

vı́śvéttā´ te sávanes.u pravā´cyā

yā´ cakártha maghavannindra sunvaté |
pā´rāvatam . yátpurusambhr.tám . vásvapā´vr.n.oh.
śarabhā´ya .ŕ.sibandhave || 6 ||
 ✶✶✻✼

❬Agni✿❪
✶
✶✳ ❚❤✐s ♦♥❡✱ ■ ✱ ❣♦ t♦ t❤❡❡ ❜② ♠②s❡❧❢✱ ❬❜❡✐♥❣❪ ❛t t❤❡ ❢r♦♥t❀
❛❧❧ deva✲s ❛r❡ ❜❡❤✐♥❞✱ ❝♦♠✐♥❣ ❛❢t❡r ♠❡✳
❲❤❡♥ ❢♦r ♠❡✱ ❖ Indra✱ t❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ❦❡♣t ❛ ♣♦rt✐♦♥ ❬♦❢ Soma❪✖
♦♥❧② ❛❢t❡r t❤❛t t❤♦✉ ✇♦✉❧❞ ♣❡r❢♦r♠ ❞❡❡❞s ♦❢ ✈❛❧♦r
t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ♠❡✳
❬Indra✿❪
✷✳ ■ s❡t ✉♣ ❢♦r t❤❡❡ ❛t t❤❡ ❜❡❣✐♥♥✐♥❣ ❬♦❢ ❛ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡❪ ❛ ❞r✐♥❦ ♦❢ ❤♦♥❡②✳
❆ ♣♦rt✐♦♥ ❢♦r t❤❡❡ ✐s ❛rr❛♥❣❡❞✳ ▲❡t Soma ❜❡ ♣r❡ss❡❞✦
❆♥❞ t❤♦✉ ✇✐❧❧ ❜❡ ❧✐❦❡✲♠✐♥❞❡❞ ✇✐t❤ ♠❡
❜② ❜❡✐♥❣ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❝❧❡✈❡r s✐❞❡ ✖
t❤❡♥ ✇❡ t✇♦ ✇♦✉❧❞ ❦❡❡♣ r❡♠♦✈✐♥❣ r❡♣❡❛t❡❞❧② ♦❜st❛❝❧❡s✳
❬❙❛❝r✐✜❝❡r✿❪
✸✳ ❉♦ ②❡✱ ♣r❛❝t✐s✐♥❣ r✉s❤❡s ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱ q✉✐❝❦❧② ❜r✐♥❣ ❢♦r✇❛r❞
❛ ❤②♠♥ ♦❢ ♣r❛✐s❡✱
❢♦r Indra ✖ ❛ r❡❛❧ ♦♥❡✱ ✐❢ ❤❡ ✐s r❡❛❧✳
✏ Indra ❞♦❡s ♥♦t ❡①✐st✱✑ s♦ ♥♦t✲t❤✐s✲♦♥❡ ❤❛s s❛✐❞✳
❲❤♦ ❤❛s s❡❡♥ ❤✐♠❄ ❲❤♦♠ s❤❛❧❧ ✇❡ ❡①t♦❧❄
❬Indra✿❪
✹✳ ❚❤✐s ♦♥❡ ❬✐s❪ ■✱ ❖ ✐♥✈♦❦❡r✱ ❜❡❤♦❧❞ ♠❡ ✐♥ t❤✐s✦
❇❡❝❛✉s❡ ♦❢ ♠② ❡①❝❡ss✐✈❡♥❡ss ■ ♦✈❡r♣♦✇❡r ❛❧❧ ❝r❡❛t✉r❡s✳
❆❧❧ ✐♥❞✐❝❛t✐♦♥s ♦❢ rt.a ♠❛❦❡ ♠❡ str♦♥❣❡r✳
■✱ ♠❛❦✐♥❣ ❛❝❝❡ss✐❜❧❡ ♣❧❛❝❡s ♦❢ ❡①✐st❡♥❝❡✱
❞✐s♣❡rs❡ ❬♦❜st❛❝❧❡s❪✳
✺✳ ❲❤❡♥ ❡❛❣❡r✲❢♦r✲.rta ♦♥❡s ✈❡♥t✉r❡❞ ✉♣♦♥ ♠❡✱
✇❤♦ ❛❧♦♥❡ ❬✐s❪ s❡❛t❡❞ ❛t t❤❡ ❜❛s❡ ♦❢ ❞❡❧✐❣❤t❡❞✲✐♥ ❬Soma❪✱
❡✈❡♥ ♠② ♠✐♥❞ ❛♥♥♦✉♥❝❡❞ t♦ ❬♠②❪ ❤❡❛rt✱
✏P♦ss❡ss❡❞ ♦❢ ❝❤✐❧❞r❡♥ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s
✷ ❝❛❧❧❡❞ ♦✉t✑✳
❬❙❛❝r✐✜❝❡r✿❪
✻✳ ❆t Soma✲♣r❡ss✐♥❣s ❛❧❧ t❤② ❬❞❡❡❞s❪ ❬❛r❡❪ t♦✲❜❡✲♣r♦❝❧❛✐♠❡❞
✇❤✐❝❤ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s Indra✱ ❤❛✈❡ ♣❡r❢♦r♠❡❞
❢♦r ♣r❡ss✐♥❣✲❬Soma❪ ❬✇♦rs❤✐♣❡r❪
✇❤❡♥ t❤♦✉ ✉♥❝♦✈❡r❡❞ ❞✐st❛♥t ❛❝❝✉♠✉❧❛t❡❞✲❜②✲♠❛♥② tr❡❛s✉r❡
t♦ r❡❧❛t❡❞✲t♦✲s❡❡r Śarabha✳
✖✖

✶ Agni✖ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✻✳✺✾✳✶

✷❞r♦♣s ♦❢ Soma
✶✶✻✽

prá nūnám . dhāvatā pŕ.thaṅnéhá yó vo ávāvarı̄t |

nı́ .sı̄m vr
. . trásya márman.i vájramı́ndro apı̄patat || 7 ||

mánojavā áyamāna āyas´ı̄mataratpúram |

. suparn.ó gatvā´ya sómam
dı́vam . vajrı́n.a ā´bharat || 8 ||

samudré antáh. śayata udnā´ vájro abh´ı̄vr.tah. |

bhárantyasmai sam . yátah. puráh.prasravan.ā balı́m || 9 ||

yádvā´gvádantyavicetanā´ni
rā´.s.trı̄ devā´nām
. nis.asā´da mandrā´ |
cátasra ū´rjam . duduhe páyām . si
kvà svidasyāh. paramám . jagāma || 10 ||

dev´ı̄m
. vā´camajanayanta devā´s
tā´m
. viśvárūpāh. paśávo vadanti |
sā´ no mandrés.amū´rjam . dúhānā
dhenúrvā´gasmā´núpa sús..tutáıtu || 11 ||

sákhe vis.n.o vitarám

. vı́ kramasva
dyaurdehı́
´ . vájrāya vis.kábhe |
lokám
hánāva vr.trám
. rin.ácāva sı́ndhūn
ı́ndrasya yantu prasavé vı́sr..s.tāh. || 12 ||
 ✶✶✻✾

✼✳ ◆♦✇✱ r✉♥ ②❡❬✱ ✇❛t❡rs✱❪ ❢♦r✇❛r❞s s❡♣❛r❛t❡❧②✱

❤❡ ✇❤♦ ♦❜str✉❝t❡❞ ②❡ ✐s ♥♦t ❤❡r❡✳
Indra ♠❛❞❡ t❤❛t✱ t❤❡ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✱
t♦ ✢② ✐♥t♦ Vr.tra✬s ♠♦rt❛❧ s♣♦t✳
✽✳ ❯s✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♠✐♥❞ ✐♥ ♦r❞❡r t♦ ❜❡ q✉✐❝❦✱
❤❡ ❣♦t t❤r♦✉❣❤ t❤❡ ❜♦❞② ❛r♠♦✉r t♦ t❤❡ str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞✳
❇② ❣♦✐♥❣ t♦ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❜❡❛✉t✐❢✉❧ ✇✐♥❣s ❬❤❛✇❦❪
❜r♦✉❣❤t ❤❡r❡ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲✇✐❡❧❞❡r✬s Soma✳
✾✳ ■♥s✐❞❡ t❤❡ s❡❛ ✐t r❡♣♦s❡s ✖
✸
t❤❡ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t s✉rr♦✉♥❞❡❞ ❜② t❤❡ ❬✐♥♥❡r❪ ✇❛t❡r❬s❪✳
●✉s❤✐♥❣ ❢♦rt❤ ✐♥ ❛❞✈❛♥❝❡ ❬♦❢ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t str✐❦❡❪✱
❜r✐♥❣✐♥❣ ❝♦❤❡r❡♥❝❡✱
t❤❡② ❜r✐♥❣ t♦ ✐t ❬✐♥❝r❡❛s✐♥❣✲❢♦r❝❡✲❪tr✐❜✉t❡✳
✖✖
✶✵✳ ❲❤❡♥ ❙♣❡❡❝❤✱ ❜❡✐♥❣ ❛ r✉❧❡r ♦❢ deva✲s✱
✉tt❡r✐♥❣ ✐♥❞✐st✐♥❝t ❬s♦✉♥❞s❪✱ ❤❛s s❡tt❧❡❞ ❞♦✇♥
❬t♦ ❜❡❝♦♠❡❪ ❧♦✇ ✐♥ t♦♥❡✱
s❤❡ ❤❛s ♠✐❧❦❡❞ t❤❡ str❡♥❣t❤✱ ❥✉✐❝❡s ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ❢♦✉r ❬str❡❛♠s❪✳
❲❤❡r❡✱ ❞♦ ②❡ t❤✐♥❦✱ t❤❡ ✉❧t✐♠❛t❡ ❬❥✉✐❝❡❪ ❤❛s ❣♦♥❡ ❢r♦♠ ❤❡r❄
✹
✶✶✳ Deva✲s ♠❛❞❡ t❤❡ devı̄ ❙♣❡❡❝❤ t♦ ❜❡ ❜♦r♥✱
t❡t❤❡r❡❞ ❛♥✐♠❛❧s ♦❢ ❛❧❧ ❦✐♥❞s ✉tt❡r ❤❡r✳
✺
❙❤❡✱ ②✐❡❧❞✐♥❣ ❛ r❡❢r❡s❤♠❡♥t❬✱ ❛♥❞❪ t❤❡ str❡♥❣t❤✱
✐s ♣❧❡❛s❛♥t t♦ ✉s✳
▲❡t ❤✐❣❤❧② ♣r❛✐s❡❞ ♠✐❧❝❤✲❝♦✇ ❙♣❡❡❝❤ ❝♦♠❡ ❤❡r❡ t♦ ✉s✦
✖✖
❬Agni✿❪
✶✷✳ ❖ ❧✐❦❡✲♠✐♥❞❡❞ Vis.n.u✱ ❢❛rt❤❡r ♦✛ ❞♦ str✐❞❡✦
❖ ❍❡❛✈❡♥✱ ❣✐✈❡ s♣❛❝❡ ❢♦r ❬Indra✬s❪ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t
t♦ ♣r♦♣ ❛♣❛rt ❬Rodas✲❡s❪✦
▲❡t ✉s t✇♦ s❧❛② Vr.tra✱ ❧❡t ✉s t✇♦ r❡❧❡❛s❡ t❤❡ r✐✈❡rs✦
▼❛② t❤❡②✱ ❛❧❧♦✇❡❞ t♦ ✢♦✇✱ ❝♦♠❡
❞✉r✐♥❣ Indra✬s ✐♠♣✉❧s✐♦♥ ❬♦❢ t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡❪✦

✸ t❤❡ ❤❡❛rt ❝❛❦r❛

✹ ❝♦♥❝❡♥tr❛t❡❞ ✐♥♥❡r Soma✱ Indu
✺ ❵❧✐t✳ ✏❢♦r♠s✑
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✵✳✷✷

❱✐♠❛❞❛ ❆✐♥❞r❛ | ✶✕✹✱✻✱✽✱✶✵✕✶✹ Purastādbr.hatı̄✱ ✺✱✼✱✾ Anus..tubh✱ ✶✺

Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra

kúha śrutá ı́ndrah. kásminnadyá jáne mitró ná śrūyate |

. vā yáh. ks.áye gúhā vā cárkr..se girā´ || 1 ||
.ŕ.sı̄n.ām

ihá śrutá ı́ndro asmé adyá stáve vajryŕ.cı̄s.amah. |

mitró ná yó jánes.vā´ yáśaścakré ásāmyā´ || 2 ||

mahó yáspátih. śávaso ásāmyā´ mahó nr.mn.ásya tūtujı́h. |

bhartā´ vájrasya dhr..sn.óh. pitā´ putrámiva priyám || 3 ||

yujānó áśvā vā´tasya dhúnı̄ devó devásya vajrivah. |

syántā pathā´ virúkmatā sr.jāná stos.yádhvanah. || 4 ||

. tyā´ cidvā´tasyā´śvā´gā .rjrā´ tmánā váhadhyai |

tvám
yáyordevó ná mártyo yantā´ nákirvidā´yyah. || 5 ||

ádha gmántośánā pr.chate vām . kádarthā na ā´ gr.hám |

ā´ jagmathuh. parākā´ddiváśca gmáśca mártyam || 6 ||

ā´ na indra pr.ks.ase ′smā´kam . bráhmódyatam |

táttvā yācāmahé ′vah. śús.n.am
. yáddhánnámānus.am || 7 ||

akarmā´ dásyurabhı́ no amantúranyávrato ámānus.ah. |

. tásyāmitrahanvádhardāsásya dambhaya || 8 ||
tvám
 ✶✶✼✶

✶✳ ❲❤❡r❡ ❬✐s❪ ❧✐st❡♥❡❞✲t♦ Indra❄ ■♥ ✇❤✐❝❤ ♣❡rs♦♥

♥♦✇❛❞❛②s ❤❡ ✐s ❜❡✐♥❣ ❧✐st❡♥❡❞ t♦ ❛s ✐❢ ❛ ♣❛tr♦♥✱
❬✇❤❡r❡ ✐s ❛ ♣❡rs♦♥✱❪ ✇❤♦ ✐♥ t❤❡ ❛❜♦❞❡ ♦❢ s❡❡rs✱
♦r ✐♥ ❛ s❡❝r❡t ♣❧❛❝❡ ♣r❛✐s❡s ❬❤✐♠❪ ✇✐t❤ ❛ ❝❤❛♥t❄
✷✳ ❍❡r❡ ❬✐s❪ ❧✐st❡♥❡❞✲t♦ Indra ♥♦✇❛❞❛②s✱ ✐♥ ✉s ✳
✶
■♥ ❬t❤❡❪ ❡✉❧♦❣② ❬❤❡ ✐s❪ ❛ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲✇✐❡❧❞❡r
❬✇❤♦ ✐s❪ s♦✉❣❤t ✇✐t❤ ❛ ✈❡rs❡✱
✇❤♦✱ ❛s ✐❢ ❛ ♣❛tr♦♥✱ ❤❛s ♣r♦❞✉❝❡❞ ✐♥ ❬t❤❡s❡❪ ❢♦❧❦s
t❤❡ ❬s❡♥s❡ ♦❢ ❪ ✇♦rt❤ ❬t❤❛t ✐s✱❪ ♠♦r❡♦✈❡r✱ ♥♦t ♣r❡♠❛t✉r❡✱
✸✳ ✇❤♦ ❬✐s❪ ♦✈❡rs❡❡r ♦❢ ❣r❡❛t ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡
❬t❤❛t ✐s✱❪ ♠♦r❡♦✈❡r✱ ♥♦t ♣r❡♠❛t✉r❡✱
❬✇❤♦ ✐s❪ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ✇❛②s t♦ ♣r♦♠♦t❡ ❣r❡❛t ❝♦✉r❛❣❡✱
❬✇❤♦ ✐s❪ ❛ ❜❡❛r❡r ♦❢ t❤❡ ❞❛r✐♥❣ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t
❧✐❦❡ ❛ ❢❛t❤❡r ❬✐s❪ ♦❢ ❛ ❞❡❛r s♦♥✳
✹✳ ❨♦❦✐♥❣ t✇♦ t✉♠✉❧t✉♦✉s ❤♦rs❡s ♦❢ ❲✐♥❞✱
t❤❡ deva✱ ❬②♦❦✐♥❣❪ t✇♦ ✢♦✇✐♥❣ t❤r♦✉❣❤ ❜r✐❧❧✐❛♥t ♣❛t❤
❬❤♦rs❡s❪ ♦❢ deva✱ ❖ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲❜❡❛r❡r✱
r❡❧❡❛s✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡♠❪ t♦✇❛r❞s ♣❛t❤✇❛②s✱ ❤❡ ✐s ♣r❛✐s❡❞✳
✺✳ ❚❤♦✉ ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤❡❞ t❤❡ t✇♦ ❤♦rs❡s ♦❢ ❲✐♥❞✱
❣♦✐♥❣✲str❛✐❣❤t ♦♥❡s ✐♥ ♦r❞❡r t♦ r❡❛❧❧② ❝♦♥✈❡② ❬t❤❡❡❪✱
❬t❤❡ t✇♦ ❤♦rs❡s❪ ✇❤✐❝❤ ❬♥❡✐t❤❡r❪ ❛ deva✱ ♥♦r ❛ ♠♦rt❛❧✱
✇✐❧❧ t❛♠❡ ✖ ♥♦ ♦♥❡ ❬s✉❝❤❪ ✐s t♦ ❜❡ ❢♦✉♥❞✳
✻✳ ◆♦✇✱ Uśanas ❛s❦s ②♦✉ t✇♦
✷ ✇❤♦ ❛r❡ ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤✐♥❣✱
✏❍❛✈✐♥❣ ✇❤❛t ♣✉r♣♦s❡ ❬❛r❡ ②♦✉ ❝♦♠✐♥❣❪ t♦ ♦✉r ❤♦✉s❡❄
❨♦✉ t✇♦ ❝❛♠❡ ❢r♦♠ ❛ ❞✐st❛♥❝❡✱
❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ❛♥❞ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤ t♦ ❛ ♠♦rt❛❧✳✑
✼✳ ❬❇✉t ✐❢ ❪ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ ✇♦✉❧❞ ❛s❦ ✉s
❛❜♦✉t ♦✉r ✉♥❞❡rt❛❦❡♥ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥✱
❬✇❡ ✇✐❧❧ ❛♥s✇❡r✱❪ ✏❲❡ ✐♠♣❧♦r❡ t❤❡❡ ❢♦r t❤❛t ❢❛✈♦✉r
t❤❛t t❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ s❧❛② ✉♥✐♥t❡❧❧✐❣❡♥t Śus.n.a✳✑
✽✳ ✏◆♦t✲♣❡r❢♦r♠✐♥❣✲❣♦♦❞✲✇♦r❦s ✉♥t❤✐♥❦✐♥❣ ✉♥✐♥t❡❧❧✐❣❡♥t
♦♣♣♦s❡❞ t♦ ✭s❡❧❢✲✐♠♣♦s❡❞✮ ❝♦♥str❛✐♥ts
✐♠♣✉❧s❡ t♦ s✉✛❡r ✇❛♥t ✐s ❛❣❛✐♥st ✉s✳
❉♦ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ s❧❛②❡r ♦❢ ❤♦st✐❧❡s✱
♠❛❦❡ ❤✐s✱ ❞❡♠♦♥✬s✱ ❞❡str✉❝t✐✈❡ ✇❡❛♣♦♥ t♦ ❛❜❛♥❞♦♥ ❬❤✐♠❪✦✑

✶ ♦r✱ ✏❛♠♦♥❣ ✉s✑

✷ Indra ❛♥❞ Brhaspati
.
✶✶✼✷

. na indra śūra śū´rairutá tvótāso barhán.ā |

tvám
purutrā´ te vı́ pūrtáyo návanta ks.on.áyo yathā || 9 ||

. tā´nvr.trahátye codayo n.´r̄nkārpān.é śūra vajrivah. |

tvám
gúhā yádı̄ kavı̄nā´m
. viśā´m
. náks.atraśavasām || 10 ||

maks.ū´ tā´ ta indra dānā´pnasa āks.ān.é śūra vajrivah. |

yáddha śús.n.asya dambháyo jātám . vı́śvam . sayā´vabhih. || 11 ||

mā´kudhryàgindra śūra vásvı̄rasmé bhūvannabhı́s..tayah. |

vayám. vayam
. ta āsām. sumné syāma vajrivah. || 12 ||

asmé tā´ ta indra santu satyā´him. santı̄rupaspŕ.śah. |

vidyā´ma yā´sām
. bhújo dhenūnā´m
. ná vajrivah. || 13 ||

ahastā´ yádapádı̄ várdhata ks.ā´h. śácı̄bhirvedyā´nām |

. pári pradaks.in.ı́dviśvā´yave nı́ śiśnathah. || 14 ||
śús.n.am

pı́bāpibédindra śūra sómam

.
mā´ ris.an.yo vasavāna vásuh. sán |
utá trāyasva gr.n.ató maghóno
maháśca rāyó revátaskr.dhı̄ nah. || 15 ||
 ✶✶✼✸

✾✳ ❬❇❡❪ t❤♦✉ ✇✐t❤ ❛❣❡♥ts ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡ ❢♦r ✉s✱ ❖ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡ Indra✱
❛♥❞ ❬✇❡ ✇✐❧❧ ❜❡❪ ❝❡rt❛✐♥❧② ❤❡❧♣❡❞ ❜② t❤❡❡✳
■♥ ♠❛♥② ✇❛②s t❤♦s❡ ❞❡s✐r♦✉s ♦❢ r❡✇❛r❞
❛s ❬✇❡❧❧ ❛s❪ tr❡♠❜❧✐♥❣ ♦♥❡s
s❤❛❧❧ ✜♥❞ t❤❡✐r ✇❛② t♦ t❤❡❡✳
✶✵✳ ❚❤♦✉ s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ ✐♠♣❡❧❧❡❞ t❤♦s❡ ♠❡♥ ❬✇❤♦ ✇❡r❡❪ ✐♥ ♠✐s❡r②
t♦ s❧❛② Vr.tra✱ ❖ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲❜❡❛r✐♥❣ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✦
■❢ ✐♥ ❛ s❡❝r❡t ♣❧❛❝❡ ♦❢ ♣♦❡ts✱
❬❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥s ♦❢ t❤♦s❡ ♠❡♠❜❡rs❪ ♦❢ ❝❧❛♥s
✇❤♦ ❛tt❛✐♥❡❞ s♦♠❡ ❞❡❣r❡❡s ♦❢ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r✲t♦✲❝❤❛♥❣❡✱
❬✇♦✉❧❞ ❜❡ ✉♥❞❡rt❛❦❡♥❪✱
✶✶✳ t❤❡② ❬✇✐❧❧❪ ♣r♦♠♣t❧② ❬❜❡❝♦♠❡❪ ♦❢ t❤❡❡✱
✸
❖ Indra✱ ❬✇❤♦ ✐s❪ ❛❜♦✉♥❞✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❣✐❢ts✱
✐♥ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ❤❛s ❛tt❛✐♥❡❞ ❬t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r✲t♦✲❝❤❛♥❣❡❪✱
❖ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲❜❡❛r✐♥❣ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱
✇❤❡♥ t❤♦✉ ✇♦✉❧❞ ♠❛❦❡ ❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣ ❜♦r♥ ♦❢ Śus.n.a
t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥②✐♥❣ ❬❡✛❡❝ts❪ t♦ ❛❜❛♥❞♦♥ ❬❤✐♠❪✳
✶✷✳ ▼❛② ♥♦t ❬t❤②✱❪ ❖ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡ Indra✱
❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧ ❛ss✐st❛♥❝❡s ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❣♦✐♥❣✲♥♦✇❤❡r❡ ✐♥ ✉s✦
▼❛② ✇❡✱ ❡❛❝❤ ♦♥❡ ♦❢ ✉s✱ ❜❡ ✐♥ t❤❡ ❢❛✈♦✉r
♦❢ t❤❡s❡ t❤② ❬♣♦✇❡rs❪✱ ❖ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲❜❡❛r❡r✦
✶✸✳ ▼❛② t❤♦s❡ ❬❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥s❪ ♦❢ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❜❡ tr✉❡ ❢♦r ✉s✦
❚r✐❛❧s ❬❛r❡❪ ♥♦t ❤✉rt✐♥❣✳
▲❡t ✉s ✜♥❞ ♦✉t ❛❞✈❛♥t❛❣❡s ♦❢ ✇❤✐❝❤ ❬t❤② ♣♦✇❡rs❪
❬❛r❡❪ ❛s ✐❢ ♦❢ ♠✐❧❝❤✲❝♦✇s✱ ❖ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲❜❡❛r❡r✦
✶✹✳ ❲❤❡♥ t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤ t❤❛t ✐s ✇✐t❤♦✉t ❤❛♥❞s ❛♥❞ ❢❡❡t ✹
s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ str♦♥❣
❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❡♥❛❜❧✐♥❣ ♣♦✇❡rs ♦❢ t♦✲❜❡✲❢♦✉♥❞✲♦✉t ❬❛❞✈❛♥t❛❣❡s❪✱
t❤♦✉ ❤❛s ❢✉❧❧② tr❛♥s✜①❡❞ Śus.n.a
❢r♦♠ ❧❡❢t ❬s✐❞❡ ♦❢ ❤❡❛❞ ❪ t♦ t❤❡ r✐❣❤t ❬s✐❞❡ ❪ ✖
✺ ✻
❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ ❛❣✐t❛t✐♥❣ ❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣ ❬❡♥❡r❣②❪✳
✶✺✳ ❏✉st ❞r✐♥❦ ❛♥❞ ❞r✐♥❦ Soma✱ ❖ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡ Indra✦
❇❡✐♥❣ ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧✱ ❞♦ ♥♦t ❢❛✐❧✱ ❖ ✇❤♦s❡ ✇❡❛❧t❤ ✐s ❜r❡❛t❤ ♦♥❡✦
❆♥❞✱ ❞♦ ♣r♦t❡❝t ❡①t♦❧❧✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡❡❪
❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ❬✐♥st✐t✉t♦rs ♦❢ t❤❡ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡❪ ✱ ✼
❛♥❞ ❡✛❡❝t ❢♦r ✉s ❣r❡❛t r✐❝❤❡s ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ♦♣✉❧❡♥t ♦♥❡✦
✸ t❤❡ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥s
✹ t❤❛t ✐s✱ t❤❡ t♦rs♦
✺ ❧❡❢t s✐❞❡ ✐s ♣❡r❝❡✐✈❡❞ ❛s ❞r✐✈✐♥❣ r❡❛❝t✐✈❡ ❜❡❤❛✈✐♦r
✻ r✐❣❤t s✐❞❡ ✐s ♣❡r❝❡✐✈❡❞ ❛s ❞r✐✈✐♥❣ ❞❡❧✐❜❡r❛t❡ ❜❡❤❛✈✐♦r
✼ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✶✳✺✹✳✶✶❝❞
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✵✳✷✸

❱✐♠❛❞❛ ❆✐♥❞r❛ | ✷✕✹ Jagatı̄✱ ✺ Abhisarin.ı̄✱ ✶✱✼ Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra

yájāmaha ı́ndram . vájradaks.in.am.

hárı̄n.ām
. . vivratānām |
rathyàm
prá śmáśru dódhuvadūrdhváthā bhūd
vı́ sénābhirdáyamāno vı́ rā´dhasā || 1 ||

hárı̄ nvàsya yā´ váne vidé vásvı́ndro

magháırmaghávā vr.trahā´ bhuvat |
.rbhúrvā´ja .rbhuks.ā´h. patyate śávó va
′

ks.n.aumi dā´sasya nā´ma cit || 2 ||

yadā´ vájram . hı́ran.yamı́dáthā rátham

.
hárı̄ yámasya váhato vı́ sūrı́bhih. |
ā´ tis..thati maghávā sánaśruta
ı́ndro vā´jasya dı̄rgháśravasaspátih. || 3 ||

só cinnú vr..s.tı́ryūthyā` svā´ sácām̃

.
ı́ndrah. śmáśrūn.i háritābhı́ prus.n.ute |
áva veti suks.áyam . suté mádhū´dı́d
dhūnoti vā´to yáthā vánam || 4 ||

yó vācā´ vı́vāco mr.dhrávācah.

purū´ sahásrā´śivā jaghā´na |
táttadı́dasya paum ´ . syam . gr.n.ı̄masi
pitéva yástávis.ı̄m
. . dhé śávah. || 5 ||
vāvr
 ✶✶✼✺

✶✳ ❲❡ ❤♦♥♦r✶ Indra ✇❤♦s❡ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t ✐s ❞❡①t❡r♦✉s✱

❛ ❝❤❛r✐♦t❡❡r ♦❢ r❡❧✉❝t❛♥t t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s✱
❇❧♦✇✐♥❣ ✐♥t♦ ❜❡❛r❞✷ ✱ ❤❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❡❧❡✈❛t❡❞✸ ✱
❜❡✐♥❣ ❧✐❜❡r❛❧ ✇✐t❤ ♠✐ss✐❧❡s✱ ✇✐t❤ s❛t✐s❢❛❝t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❬❤✐s❪ ❞❡s✐r❡✳
✷✳ ◆♦✇ t❤❡♥✱ t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s ♦❢ t❤✐s ♦♥❡ ✇❤✐❝❤ ❬❛r❡ ❛❝t✐✈❡❪✱
✇❤❡♥ ❬t❤❡r❡ ✐s❪ ❛♥ ❡❛r♥❡st ❞❡s✐r❡✱
❛r❡ ❦♥♦✇♥ ❛s ❛ ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧ ❬♣r❡s❡♥❝❡❪✳
❬■♥ t❤❛t ❝❛s❡✱❪ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ✇✐t❤ r❡✇❛r❞s Indra
s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ Vr.tra✲s❧❛②❡r✳
❙❦✐❧❧❢✉❧ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱ ❜❡✐♥❣ ❛ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ R. bhu✲s✱
❣♦✈❡r♥s t❤❡ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡ t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✳
❬❚❤✉s❪ ■ ❜❧✉♥t t❤❡ ✈❡r② ♥❛t✉r❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ s❛✈❛❣❡ ♦♥❡✳
✸✳ ❲❤❡♥❡✈❡r ❤❡✱ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s✱ ❢❛♠❡❞ ❢r♦♠ ♦❧❞ t✐♠❡s✱
❝♦♥t❡♥❞❡❞ ❢♦r ❜② ✐♥st✐t✉t♦rs ♦❢ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡✱
r❡s♦rts t♦ t❤❡ ❣♦❧❞❡♥ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✱
❤❡ ❛❧s♦ r❡s♦rts t♦ ❛ ❝❤❛r✐♦t ✇❤✐❝❤ ✐ts t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s ❞r❛✇✳
Indra ✐s ♦✈❡rs❡❡r ♦❢ ❛ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r
♦❢ ✇❤✐❝❤ ❛✉❞✐t♦r② ✐♠♣r❡ss✐♦♥ ✐s ❧♦♥❣✲❧❛st✐♥❣✳
✹✳ ❆❧s♦✱ ❜② ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥②✐♥❣ ❤✐s ♦✇♥ ❬♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❤❡❧♣✐♥❣❪✱
t❤❛t ❛r❡ ♣❛rt ♦❢ t❤❡ ❤❡r❞✱ ❤❡ ❛t ♦♥❝❡ ❬❜❡❝♦♠❡s❪ ❬❧✐❦❡❪ r❛✐♥✳
Indra s♣r✐♥❦❧❡s ❤❛✐rs ♦❢ t❤❡ ❜❡❛r❞ ✇✐t❤ ❡♥❝❤❛♥t❡❞ ❬✈❡rs❡s❪✳
❍❡ s❡❡❦s t♦ s♥❛t❝❤ ✇❡❧❧✲s❤❡❧t❡r❡❞✹ ✐♥ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❬Soma❪ ❤♦♥❡②✱
❤❡ ❥✉st s❤❛❦❡s ❬✐t❪ ♦✉t t❤❡ ✇❛② t❤❡ ✇✐♥❞ ❬s❤❛❦❡s❪ ❛ t❤✐❝❦❡t✳
✺✳ ❲❤♦ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ s♣❡❡❝❤ ❤❛s s❧❛②❡❞
♠❛❦✐♥❣ ❞✐✈❡r❣✐♥❣ st❛t❡♠❡♥ts ❬❛❧❧✲❝♦♥s✉♠✐♥❣ ❢❡❛rs✺ ❪✱
❬❞❡♠♦♥s❪ ✇❤♦s❡ s♣❡❡❝❤ ✐s ✐♥s✉❧t✐♥❣✱
♠❛♥② t❤♦✉s❛♥❞s
✐♥❝✐t✐♥❣ r❡❛❝t✐✈❡ ✐♠♣✉❧s✐✈❡♥❡ss ❬♠❡♥t❛❧ ❞❡❢❡♥s❡s✻ ❪✱
✐t ✐s ❥✉st t❤✐s ❤✐s ♠❛♥❧② ❞❡❡❞ t❤❛t ✇❡ ❡①t♦❧✱✼
❬❤✐s✱❪ ✇❤♦✱ ❧✐❦❡ ❛ ❢❛t❤❡r ❬str❡♥❣t❤❡♥s ❤✐s❪ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝♦♥tr♦❧✱
❤❛s str❡♥❣t❤❡♥❡❞ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✳

✶ ♦r✱ ✏♠❛❦❡ ❛ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡ t♦✑

✷ ♠❛❦✐♥❣ ❡①❤❛❧❛t✐♦♥ str♦♥❣ ❛♥❞ ❡①t❡♥❞✐♥❣ t♦ ♠♦✈❡ ❤❛✐rs ♦❢ t❤❡ ❜❡❛r❞
✸ ❧✐t✳ ✏✉♣✇❛r❞s✑
✹ t❤❛t ✐s✱ ✏✇❡❧❧ ♠✐①❡❞✑
✺ atrinas
.
✻ ráksāmsi
. .
✼ t❤✐s ❧✐♥❡ ✐s t❤❡ s❛♠❡ ❛s ✶✳✶✺✺✳✹❛
✶✶✼✻

stómam . ta indra vimadā´ ajı̄janannápūrvyam

.
purutámam . sudā´nave |
vidmā´ hyasya bhójanaminásya
yádā´ paśúm
. ná gopā´h. karāmahe || 6 ||

mā´kirna enā´ sakhyā´ vı́ yaus.us

táva cendra vimadásya ca .ŕ.seh. |
vidmā´ hı́ te prámatim. deva jāmivád
asmé te santu sakhyā´ śivā´ni || 7 ||
 ✶✶✼✼

✻✳ Vimada✲s ❤❛✈❡ ♣r♦❞✉❝❡❞ ❛♥ ♦r✐❣✐♥❛❧ ❜❡st✲❛♠♦♥❣✲♠❛♥②

❤②♠♥ ♦❢ ♣r❛✐s❡ t♦ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Indra✱ t♦ ♠✉♥✐✜❝❡♥t ♦♥❡ ✖
s✐♥❝❡ ✇❡ ❦♥♦✇ t❤❡ s♦✉r❝❡ ♦❢ ♣❧❡❛s✉r❡ ♦❢ ❤✐♠✱
♦❢ ✐♥❢✉s✐♥❣ str❡♥❣t❤ ♦♥❡✱
✇❤✐❝❤ ❬s♦✉r❝❡ ♦❢ ♣❧❡❛s✉r❡❪ ✇❡ ✇♦✉❧❞ ❜r✐♥❣ ♥❡❛r ❬t❤❡❡❪
❧✐❦❡ ❝♦✇❤❡r❞ ❬❜r✐♥❣s❪ ❦✐♥❡ ❬♥❡❛r ❝♦✇s❤❡❞❪✳
✼✳ ▲❡t ♥♦t ♦✉r ✖ ♦❢ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❛♥❞ ♦❢ s❡❡r Vimada ✖
❢❡❧❧♦✇s❤✐♣s ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❞❡♣r✐✈❡❞ ♦❢ t❤✐s ❬s♦✉r❝❡ ♦❢ t❤② ♣❧❡❛s✉r❡❪✳
❙✐♥❝❡ ✇❡ ❦♥♦✇ t❤②✱ ❖ deva✱ ❢♦r❡s❡❡✐♥❣ ❝❛r❡ ❬t♦ ❜❡❪ ❧✐❦❡ ❛ s✐st❡r✱
♠❛② t❤② ❢❡❧❧♦✇s❤✐♣s ❜❡ ❢♦r ✉s ❞❡str♦②✐♥❣ r❡❛❝t✐✈❡ ✐♠♣✉❧s✐✈❡♥❡ss✦
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✵✳✷✹

❱✐♠❛❞❛ ❆✐♥❞r❛ | ✶✕✸ Ās.tārapaṅkti✱ ✹✕✻ Anus..tubh | t♦ ✶✕✸ t♦ Indra✱ ✹✕✻ t♦ Aśvin✲s
ı́ndra sómamimám . piba mádhumantam . camū´ sutám |
asmé rayı́m
. nı́ dhāraya
vı́ vo máde
. purūvaso vı́vaks.ase || 1 ||
sahasrı́n.am

tvā´m . yajñébhiruktháırúpa havyébhirı̄mahe |

śácı̄pate śacı̄nām
.
vı́ vo máde
. no dhehi vā´ryam
śrés..tham . vı́vaks.ase || 2 ||

yáspátirvā´ryān.āmási radhrásya coditā´ |

ı́ndra stotr̄.n.ā´mavitā´
vı́ vo máde
dvis.ó nah. pāhyám . haso vı́vaks.ase || 3 ||

. śakrā māyāvı́nā samı̄c´ı̄ nı́ramanthatam |

yuvám
vimadéna yádı̄..ditā´ nā´satyā nirámanthatam || 4 ||

vı́śve devā´ akr.panta samı̄cyórnis.pátantyoh. |

nā´satyāvabruvandevā´h. púnarā´ vahatādı́ti || 5 ||

mádhumanme parā´yan.am . mádhumatpúnarā´yanam |

tā´ no devā devátayā yuvám
. mádhumataskr.tam || 6 ||
 ✶✶✼✾

✶✳ ❖ Indra✱ ❞r✐♥❦ t❤✐s Soma✱

❬✇❤✐❝❤ ✇❛s❪ ♣r❡ss❡❞ ♦✉t ✐♥t♦ ❜♦✇❧✱ ❬✇❤✐❝❤ ✐s❪ r✐❝❤ ✐♥ ❤♦♥❡②✦
▼❛❦❡ t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡ t♦ ❜❡ ❡st❛❜❧✐s❤❡❞ ✐♥ ✉s ✖
✈❡rs✉s ❬❤♦✇ ✐t ✐s❪ ✐♥ ②♦✉r ✐♥t♦①✐❝❛t✐♦♥ ✖
❬t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡❪ ❧❡❛❞✐♥❣ t♦ ❛ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞ ❞✐✛❡r❡♥t t❤✐♥❣s✱
❖ ♦♥❡ ♦❢ ♠❛♥② ❜❡♥❡✜ts✱
s♦ t❤❛t t❤♦✉ ✇♦✉❧❞ ✐♥t❡♥s✐❢② t❤②s❡❧❢✳
✷✳ ❲❡ ❜❡t❛❦❡ ♦✉rs❡❧✈❡s t♦ t❤❡❡ ✇✐t❤ ✜r❡ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣s
✇✐t❤ r❡❝✐t❡❞ ✈❡rs❡s✱ ✇✐t❤ ♦❜❧❛t✐♦♥s✱
❖ ♠❛st❡r ♦❢ ❡♥❛❜❧✐♥❣ ♣♦✇❡rs✱
♦❢ ❡♥❛❜❧✐♥❣ ❬t❤② ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡rs❪ ♣♦✇❡rs ✖
✈❡rs✉s ❬❤♦✇ ✐t ✐s❪ ✐♥ ②♦✉r ✐♥t♦①✐❝❛t✐♦♥ ✖
s❡t ✉♣ ❢♦r ✉s ♠♦st ❡①❝❡❧❧❡♥t✱ t♦✲❜❡✲❝❤♦s❡♥ ❬tr❡❛s✉r❡❪✱
s♦ t❤❛t t❤♦✉ ✇♦✉❧❞ ✐♥t❡♥s✐❢② t❤②s❡❧❢✳
✸✳ ❚❤♦✉✱ ✇❤♦ ❬❛r❡❪ t❤❡ ♦✈❡rs❡❡r ♦❢ t❤❡ t♦✲❜❡✲❝❤♦s❡♥ ❬tr❡❛s✉r❡❪✱
❛r❡ ✐♥❝✐t❡r ♦❢ ❛ ♠❡❡❦ ❬♠❛♥❪✱
❖ Indra✱ ❬t❤♦✉ ❛r❡❪ ❛ ❤❡❧♣❡r ♦❢ ♣r❛✐s❡rs ✖
✈❡rs✉s ❬❤♦✇ ✐t ✐s❪ ✐♥ ②♦✉r ✐♥t♦①✐❝❛t✐♦♥ ✖
♣r♦t❡❝t ✉s ❢r♦♠ ❤❛tr❡❞✱ ❢r♦♠ ❛♥①✐❡t②✱
s♦ t❤❛t t❤♦✉ ✇♦✉❧❞ ✐♥t❡♥s✐❢②✳
✹✳ ❨♦✉ t✇♦✱ ❡♠♣♦✇❡r✐♥❣✱
♣♦ss❡ss✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝♦♥✜❣✉r❡ ❬♦♥❡✬s ❝♦❣♥✐t✐♦♥❪✱
❝❤✉r♥❡❞ ♦✉t t❤❡ t✇♦
✶ ❣♦✐♥❣ ❛❧♦♥❣ ✇✐t❤ ❛♥♦t❤❡r✳
❲❤❡♥ ✐♠♣❧♦r❡❞ ❜② Vimada✱
❖ t✇♦ Nāsatya✲s✱ ②♦✉ ❝❤✉r♥❡❞ ❬t❤❡♠❪ ♦✉t✳
✺✳ ❇❡t✇❡❡♥ t❤❡ t✇♦
✷ ✢②✐♥❣ ♦✉t✱ ❣♦✐♥❣ ❛❧♦♥❣ ✇✐t❤ ❛♥♦t❤❡r✱
deva✲s ❧❛♠❡♥t❡❞✳
❛❧❧
Deva✲s s❛✐❞ t♦ t✇♦ Nāsatya✲s✱
✏❲♦✉❧❞ ②♦✉ t✇♦ ❜r✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡♠❪ ❜❛❝❦✦✑
✻✳ ✏❙✇❡❡t ✐s ♠② ❞❡♣❛rt✉r❡✳✑
✸
✏❙✇❡❡t ✐s ❬♠②❪ ❝♦♠✐♥❣ ❜❛❝❦✳✑
✹
❬❇❡✐♥❣❪ s✉❝❤✱ ❖ t✇♦ deva✲s✱ ✉s✐♥❣ ❬②♦✉r❪ ❞✐✈✐♥✐t②✱
♠❛❦❡ ✉s r✐❝❤ ✐♥ ❤♦♥❡②✦

✶ t❤❡ ◆✐❣❤t ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ❉❛✇♥ ✖ naktosasā ✕ s❡❡ ✾✳✺✳✻

.
✷ t❤❛t ✐s✱ ❞✉r✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❞❛②
✸ s♣♦❦❡♥ ❜② t❤❡ ❉❛✇♥
✹ s♣♦❦❡♥ ❜② t❤❡ ◆✐❣❤t
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✵✳✷✼

❱❛s✉❦r❛ ❆✐♥❞r❛ | Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra

ásatsú me jaritah. sā´bhivegó

yátsunvaté yájamānāya śı́ks.am |
ánāśı̄rdāmahámasmi prahantā´
satyadhvŕ.tam . vr.jināyántamābhúm || 1 ||

yád´ı̄dahám . yudháye sam . náyānyádevayūn

tanvā` śū´śujānān |
amā´ te túmram . vr..sabhám. pacāni
tı̄vrám. sutám . pañcadaśám. nı́ .siñcam || 2 ||

nā´hám. tám
. veda yá ı́ti brávı̄tyádevayūn
samáran.e jaghanvā´n |
yadā´vā´khyatsamáran.amŕ.ghāvad
ā´dı́ddha me vr..sabhā´ prá bruvanti || 3 ||

yádájñātes.u vr.jánes.vā´sam
.
vı́śve sató maghávāno ma āsan |
jinā´mi vétks.éma ā´ sántamābhúm .
prá tám. ks.in.ām. párvate pādagŕ.hya || 4 ||

ná vā´ u mā´m

. vr.jáne vārayante
ná párvatāso yádahám . manasyé |
máma svanā´tkr.dhukárn.o bhayāta
evédánu dyū´nkirán.ah. sámejāt || 5 ||

dárśannvátra śr.tapā´m̃
. anindrā´n
bāhuks.ádah. śárave pátyamānān |
ghŕ..sum
. vā yé ninidúh. sákhāyam
ádhyū nves.u paváyo vavr.tyuh. || 6 ||
 ✶✶✽✶

❬■♥❞r❛✿❪
✶✳ ❙✉❝❤ ✈✐♦❧❡♥t ❜✉rst s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡ ❡❛s② ❢♦r ♠❡✱ ❖ ✐♥✈♦❦❡r✱
✇❤❡♥ ■ ✇✐s❤ t♦ ❤❡❧♣ ♣r❡ss✐♥❣❬✲Soma❪ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡r✳
■ ❛♠ ❛ ❞❡str♦②❡r ♦❢ ♥♦t✲❣✐✈✐♥❣✲t❤❡✲♠✐①t✉r❡
✶ ♦♥❡✱
♦❢ ❜❡♥❞✐♥❣✲t❤❡✲tr✉t❤✱ ♦❢ ❛ss✐st✐♥❣ t♦ ❡♠♣❧♦②✐♥❣✲❞❡❝❡✐t ♦♥❡✳
❬■♥✈♦❦❡r✿❪
✷✳ ■❢ ♦♥❧② ■✱ ✐♥ ♦r❞❡r t♦ ✇❛❣❡ ✇❛r✱ ✇♦✉❧❞ ❜r✐♥❣ t♦❣❡t❤❡r
♥♦♥✲s❡❡❦✐♥❣✲deva✱ ❬❜✉t❪ r❡❝❦❧❡ss❧② ❜♦❧❞ ❜② t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s ♦♥❡s✱
❢♦r t❤❡❡ ■ ✇✐❧❧ ❝♦♦❦ ❛t ❤♦♠❡
❝♦♥❝❡♥tr❛t❡❞
✷ r❡s❡♠❜❧✐♥❣✲❛✲❜✉❧❧ ♦♥❡✸ ✱
■ s❤❛❧❧ ♣♦✉r ✐♥t♦ ❬t❤❡❡❪ ♣✉♥❣❡♥t ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞
❬❝♦♥s✐st✐♥❣ ♦❢ ❪ ✜❢t❡❡♥ ❬♣♦rt✐♦♥s❪ ❬❞r✐♥❦❪✳
❬■♥❞r❛✿❪
✸✳ ■ ❞♦ ♥♦t ❦♥♦✇ ❤✐♠✱ ✇❤♦✱
❤❛✈✐♥❣ s❧❛✐♥ ♥♦♥✲s❡❡❦✐♥❣✲deva ♦♥❡s ✐♥ ❛ ❝♦♠❜❛t✱
✇❤❡♥ ❤❡ r❡❧❛t❡❞ ❬❛❝❝♦✉♥t ♦❢ ❪ t❤❡ ✈✐♦❧❡♥t ❝♦♠❜❛t✱
❬✇♦✉❧❞❪ s❛② t❤✉s✱
✏❙✉r❡❧②✱ ❛❢t❡r✇❛r❞s t❤❡② ❬✇✐❧❧❪ ♣r♦❝❧❛✐♠ ❢♦r ♠❡
t✇♦ r❡s❡♠❜❧✐♥❣✲❛✲❜✉❧❧ ♦♥❡s ✑
✹
✹✳ ❲❤❡♥ ■ ✇❛s ✐♥ ♥♦♥✲❡①♣❡r✐❡♥❝❡❞✲❬♠❡❪ ❡♥❝❧♦s✉r❡s✱
❛❧❧ ✇❡r❡ ❡q✉❛❧❧② ✏❣❡♥❡r♦✉s✑ t♦ ♠❡✳
❊✐t❤❡r ■ ✇✐♥ ♦✈❡r ❛ss✐st✐♥❣ ❬♠❡ ♠❛♥❪
✇❤❡♥ ❬❤❡ ✐s❪ ❞✇❡❧❧✐♥❣ ✐♥ ♣❡❛❝❡✱
♦r ■ s❤❛❧❧ ✇❡❛r ❬❤✐♠❪ ♦✉t ❤✐♠ ♦♥ ❛ ♠♦✉♥t❛✐♥
❜② s❡✐③✐♥❣ ❬❤✐♠❪ ❜② t❤❡ ❢♦♦t ✳
✺
✺✳ ❚❤❡② ❝❡rt❛✐♥❧② ❞♦ ♥♦t r❡str❛✐♥ ♠❡ ✐♥ ❛ s❛❝r✐✜❝✐❛❧ ❡♥❝❧♦s✉r❡✱
♥❡✐t❤❡r ❬❞♦ ♠♦✉♥t❛✐♥s r❡str❛✐♥ ♠❡❪✳ ■❢ ■ ✐♥t❡♥❞ ❬s♦❪✱
❞❡✜❝✐❡♥t✲✐♥✲❡❛r ♦♥❡ ✇♦✉❧❞ ❜❡ ❛❢r❛✐❞ ♦❢ ♠② r♦❛r✱
❥✉st s♦ t❤❛t t❤❡ ❞✉st
✻ s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡ r❛✐s❡❞ t❤r♦✉❣❤♦✉t t❤❡ ❞❛②s✳
✻✳ ❍❡r❡ ❛t t❤✐s t✐♠❡✱ t❤❡② s❤❛❧❧ s❡❡ ❛t ♦♥❝❡
❬t❤♦s❡❪ ❧❛❝❦✐♥❣ Indra✱ ❞r✐♥❦✐♥❣ ❜♦✐❧❡❞ ♠✐❧❦
❛s ❜❡❝♦♠✐♥❣ ✜t ❢♦r ❛♥ ❛rr♦✇✱ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡✐r❪ ❛r♠✳
▼❡t❛❧ ♣♦✐♥ts ❬♦❢ s♣❡❛rs❪ ♠✐❣❤t ❛s ✇❡❧❧ t✉r♥ ❛t t❤♦s❡
✇❤♦ r✐❞✐❝✉❧❡❞ ❬♠②❪ s♣✐r✐t❡❞ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥✳

✶ ♠✐①t✉r❡ ♦❢ ♠✐❧❦✱ Soma ❥✉✐❝❡✱ ❛♥❞ ❤♦♥❡②

✷ ❧✐t✳ ✏str♦♥❣✑
✸ Soma
✹ ♣r♦❜✳ t✇♦ st❡❡❞s
✺ ♣r♦❜✳ ✏❣✐✈✐♥❣ ❝r❛♠♣s ✐♥ t❤❡ ❧❡❢t ❢♦♦t ❛♥❞ ❝❛❧❢ ♠✉s❝❧❡s✑
✻ ✏t♦ r❛✐s❡ t❤❡ ❞✉st✑ ♣r♦❜✳ ♠❡❛♥s ✏t♦ ❝❤❛❧❧❡♥❣❡ t♦ ❛ ✜❣❤t✑
✶✶✽✷

´ . ı̄rvyù ā´yurānad.
ábhūrvauks
dárs.annú pū´rvo áparo nú dars.at |
dvé paváste pári tám . ná bhūto
yó asyá pāré rájaso vivés.a || 7 ||

gā´vo yávam. práyutā aryó aks.an

tā´ apaśyam
. sahágopāścárantı̄h. |
hávā ı́daryó abhı́tah. sámāyan
kı́yadāsu svápatiśchandayāte || 8 ||

sám. yádváyam . yavasā´do jánānām

ahám . yav ´
ā da urvájre antáh. |
átrā yukto ′vasātā´ramichād
átho áyuktam . yunajadvavanvā´n || 9 ||

átrédu me mam . sase satyámuktám .

dvipā´cca yáccátus.pātsam . sr.jā´ni |
. pr.tanyā´d
strı̄bhı́ryó átra vŕ..san.am
áyuddho asya vı́ bhajāni védah. || 10 ||
 ✶✶✽✸

❬■♥✈♦❦❡r✿❪
✼✳ ❚❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ♣❡r✈❛❞❡❞ ❝♦♠✐♥❣ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ❜✉❧❧
✼ ❬✇❛t❡rs❪✱
t❤❡ ❧✐❢❡✲❢♦r❝❡ ❤❛s ♠❡t ✇✐t❤ ❬t❤❡❡❪✳
❆t ♦♥❝❡ ❛ ❢♦r♠❡r ♦♥❡
✽ s❤❛❧❧ ❜✉rst✱
✾
❛t ♦♥❝❡ ❛ ❧❛tt❡r ♦♥❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❜✉rst✦
❚✇♦ ❝♦✈❡rs
✶✵ s❤❛❧❧ ♥♦t ❝♦♥t❛✐♥ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ❤❛s ❞♦♥❡ t❤❡ ✇♦r❦
♦♥ t❤❡ ♦♣♣♦s✐t❡ s✐❞❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ r❡❣✐♦♥ ❬♦❢ ✐♠♣❛rt✐❛❧✐t②❪✳
❬■♥❞r❛✿❪
✽✳ ❈♦♥❢✉s❡❞ ❝♦✇s
✶✶ ❝♦♥s✉♠❡ ❜❛r❧❡② ♦❢ t❤❡ r✐s✐♥❣ ✉♣✇❛r❞s ♦♥❡✶✷ ✖
✶✸
■ s❛✇ t❤❡♠ r♦❛♠✐♥❣ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ❝♦✇❤❡r❞ ✳
■♥✈♦❝❛t✐♦♥s ❝❛♠❡ t♦❣❡t❤❡r
✐♥ t❤❡ ♣r❡s❡♥❝❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ r✐s✐♥❣ ✉♣✇❛r❞s ♦♥❡✳
❍♦✇ ♠✉❝❤ ❤❡
✶✹ ✱ ✇❤♦ ✐s ❤✐s ♦✇♥ ♠❛st❡r✱
✇♦✉❧❞ ✐♠♣r❡ss ❤✐♠s❡❧❢ ✉♣♦♥ t❤❡♠❄
✾✳ ■❢ ■ ✇♦✉❧❞ ✐♥t❡r♠✐①
✶✺ ❢♦❞❞❡r✲❡❛t✐♥❣ ♦♥❡s✶✻ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❢♦❧❦s✱
❬❛♥❞❪ ❜❛r❧❡②✲❡❛t✐♥❣
✶✼ ✐♥ t❤❡ ♠✐❞❞❧❡ ♦❢ ✇✐❞❡ ✜❡❧❞✱
t❤❡♥ ✐♥ t❤✐s ❝❛s❡ ❛ ❤❛r♥❡ss❡❞ ♦♥❡
✶✽ ✇♦✉❧❞ s❡❡❦ t❤❡ ❧✐❜❡r❛t♦r✶✾ ✳
❚❤❡♥ ❤❡✱ ✇❤♦ ❤❛s ♣❧❛❝❡❞ ❬♠❡✱ Indra✱❪ ✇✐t❤✐♥ ❬❤✐s❪ r❡❛❝❤✱
s❤❛❧❧ ②♦❦❡ ♥♦♥✲❤❛r♥❡ss❡❞ ♦♥❡✳
✶✵✳ ■♥ t❤✐s ♠❛tt❡r t❤♦✉ r❡❣❛r❞ ✇❤❛t ✐s s❛✐❞ ❜② ♠❡ ❛s tr✉❡✱
✏❲❤❡♥ ■ ✇♦✉❧❞ ❝❛st t♦❣❡t❤❡r ❛ t✇♦✲❢♦♦t❡❞ ♦♥❡ ❬❝r❡❛t✉r❡❪
❬❛♥❞❪ ❛ ❢♦✉r✲❢♦♦t❡❞ ♦♥❡✱
❬✐❢ ■ ❛♠❪ ♥♦t ❜❡✐♥❣ ❢♦✉❣❤t
✷✵ ❬❜② t❤❡ ❜✉❧❧❪✱
■ ✇♦✉❧❞ ❞✐str✐❜✉t❡ t❤❡ ♣r♦♣❡rt② ♦❢ ❤✐♠✱
✇❤♦ ✐♥ t❤✐s ❝❛s❡ ✇♦✉❧❞ ✜❣❤t ❛❣❛✐♥st t❤❡ ❜✉❧❧
❬❥✉st❪ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❢❡♠❛❧❡s
✷✶ ✳✑

✼ Soma
✽ ❧❛❝❦✐♥❣ Indra✱ ❞r✐♥❦✐♥❣ ❜♦✐❧❡❞ ♠✐❧❦ ♦♥❡
✾ ♦♥❡ ✇❤♦ r✐❞✐❝✉❧❡❞
✶✵ ♣r♦❜✳ ✏❚❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤✑
✶✶ ❤❡r❡ ✏✐♥♥❡r ✇❛t❡rs✑
✶✷ ✐♥♥❡r Soma
✶✸ ❡✐t❤❡r Soma ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✶✵✳✷✺✳✼❜ ♦r Tvastr ♣❡r ✾✳✺✳✾❛
. ..
✶✹ ❛♥ ❛❞❡♣t Indra
✶✺ ❧✐t✳ ✏✐♥t❡r✇❡❛✈❡✑
✶✻ t❤♦s❡ ♦❢ ❧♦✇ s♦❝✐❛❧ st❛t✉s
✶✼ t❤♦s❡ ♦❢ ❤✐❣❤ s♦❝✐❛❧ st❛t✉s
✶✽ s✉❜s❡r✈✐❡♥t t♦ ♦t❤❡rs✬ ✇✐❧❧
✶✾ Indra
✷✵ t❤❛t ✐s✱ ✐❢ ✐t ✐s ♥♦t Indra ✐♥ t❤❡ ❣✉✐s❡ ♦❢ ②♦❦❡❞✲❛s✲❛✲❝❤❛r✐♦t ♠❛♥ ✇❤♦ ✐s
❜❡✐♥❣ ❢♦✉❣❤t ❜② t❤❡ ❜✉❧❧ ❜✉t ❥✉st ❛ ♠❛♥
✷✶ ✐♥♥❡r ✇❛t❡rs
✶✶✽✹

yásyānaks.ā´ duhitā´ jā´tvā´sa

kástā´m
. vidvā´m̃
. abhı́ manyāte andhā´m |
kataró menı́m . práti tám . mucāte
yá ı̄m . vā vareyā´t || 11 ||
. váhāte yá ı̄m

kı́yatı̄ yós.ā maryató vadhūyóh.

páriprı̄tā pányasā vā´ryen.a |
bhadrā´ vadhū´rbhavati yátsupéśāh.
svayám . sā´ mitrám
. vanute jáne cit || 12 ||

pattó jagāra pratyáñcamatti

śı̄rs.n.ā´ śı́rah. práti dadhau várūtham |
ā´sı̄na ūrdhvā´mupási ks.in.āti
nyaṅṅuttānā´mánveti bhū´mim || 13 ||

br.hánnachāyó apalāśó árvā

tasthau´ mātā´ vı́s.ito atti gárbhah. |
anyásyā vatsám . rihat´ı̄ mimāya
káyā bhuvā´ nı́ dadhe dhenúrū´dhah. || 14 ||

saptá vı̄rā´so adharā´dúdāyannas..tóttarā´ttāt

sámajagmiranté |
náva paścā´tātsthivimánta āyan
dáśa prā´ksā´nu vı́ tirantyáśnah. || 15 ||
 ✶✶✽✺

❬■♥str✉❝t♦r✿❪
✶✶✳ ❬■♠❛❣✐♥❡ ❛ ♠❛♥✱❪
✇❤♦s❡ ❞❛✉❣❤t❡r ❤❛s ❜❡❡♥ ✇✐t❤♦✉t ❡②❡s ❢r♦♠ ❜✐rt❤✳
❲❤♦✱ ❦♥♦✇✐♥❣ ❤❡r ❬❛s❪ ❜❧✐♥❞✱ ✇♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ ❞❡s✐❣♥s ♦♥ ❬❤❡r❪❄
❲❤✐❝❤ ♦❢ t✇♦ ✇♦✉❧❞ r❡❧❡❛s❡ ❛t t❤❛t ❬♠❛♥❪ ❞❡♥✐❣r❛t✐♥❣ ❬s♣❡❡❝❤❪✱
❤❡ ✇❤♦ ✇♦✉❧❞ ❝♦♥✈❡② ❤❡r ❬❤♦♠❡ ❛s ❛ ✇✐❢❡❪
♦r ❤❡ ✇❤♦ ✇♦✉❧❞ ❛s❦ ❤❡r ✐♥ ♠❛rr✐❛❣❡ ❬❢♦r ❤✐♠❪❄
✶✷✳ ❲❤❛t ❦✐♥❞ ♦❢ ❛ ❣✐r❧✱
♦♥ ❛❝❝♦✉♥t ♦❢ ❬❜❡✐♥❣ ♣✉rs✉❡❞ ❜②❪ ②♦✉♥❣ ♠❡♥✱
❬✐s❪ ❣r❛t✐✜❡❞ ❜② ❛ ♠♦r❡ ❛❞♠✐r❛❜❧❡ ✇❡❛❧t❤
♦❢ ❬♦♥❡❪ s❡❡❦✐♥❣✲❛✲❜r✐❞❡ ❬♠❛♥❪
❬❛s ❝♦♠♣❛r❡❞ t♦ ✇❡❛❧t❤ ♦❢ ♦t❤❡r s✉✐t♦rs❪❄
❆ ❜r✐❞❡ ❜❡❝♦♠❡s ❜❧❡ss❡❞✱ ✇❤❡♥✱ ❤❛♥❞s♦♠❡ ❜② ❤❡rs❡❧❢✱
s❤❡ ❛❧s♦ ♣❧❛❝❡s ✇✐t❤✐♥ ❤❡r r❡❛❝❤ ❛ ❜❡♥❡❢❛❝t♦r ✐♥ ❛ ♣❡rs♦♥✳
✶✸✳ ❍❡✷✷ ❤❛s ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❛✇❛❦❡ ❛t t❤❡ ❢❡❡t✱
❤❡ ❝♦♥s✉♠❡s ✇❤❛t t✉r♥s ❛❣❛✐♥st ❬❤✐♠❪✱
✉s✐♥❣ ❤❡❛❞✷✸ ❤❡ ❤❛s ♣✉t ❛♥ ❛r♠♦r ✉♣♦♥ t❤❡ ❤❡❛❞✷✹ ✳
❘❡s✐❞✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡r❡❪✱ ❤❡ ✇❡❛❦❡♥s ❬t❤❡ ✐♥✢✉❡♥❝❡❪
❬♦❢❪ t❤❡ ✉♣♣❡r ❬♣❛rt ♦❢ ❜♦❞②❪ ❛t t❤❡ ♣❡❧✈✐❝ r❡❣✐♦♥✳
❚✉r♥❡❞ ✐♥t♦ ❬✐t✷✺ ❪✱ ❤❡ ❣♦❡s ❛❧♦♥❣s✐❞❡ ❬t❤❛t ♣❛rt ♦❢❪ t❤❡ ❜♦❞②
❬t❤❛t ✐s❪ str❡t❝❤❡❞ ✉♣✇❛r❞s ❬❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ♣❡❧✈✐❝ r❡❣✐♦♥ ❪✳
✶✹✳ ❚❤❡ ❝♦✉rs❡r✷✻ t❤❛t ✐s ✇✐t❤♦✉t s❤❛❞♦✇ ♦r ❧❡❛❢s ❬✐s❪ ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥t✳
❚❤❡ ♠♦t❤❡r✷✼ ❤❛✈❡ t❛❦❡♥ ✉♣ ❛ ♣♦s✐t✐♦♥✳
▲❡t ❧♦♦s❡✱ t❤❡ ❡♠❜r②♦✷✽ ❝♦♥s✉♠❡s
❬❜❡✐♥❣✲❛❜s♦r❜❡❞✲✐♥t♦✲t❤❡✲❜♦❞② Soma❪✳
▲✐❝❦✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❝❛❧❢ ♦❢ ❛♥♦t❤❡r✷✾ ✱ s❤❡✸✵ ❤❛s ♠❡t❡❞ ❬❤✐♠❪ ♦✉t✳
❚❤r♦✉❣❤ ❛r✐s✐♥❣ ♦❢ ✇❤❛t
t❤❡ ♠✐❧❝❤✲❝♦✇✸✶ ❤❛s ♣✉t ✐♥ t❤❡ ✉❞❞❡r ❬❢♦r ❤✐♠❪❄
✶✺✳ ❙❡✈❡♥ ❤❡r♦❡s ❝❛♠❡ ✉♣ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ s♦✉t❤✱
t❤♦s❡ ❡✐❣❤t ❤❛✈❡ ❝❛♠❡ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ♥♦rt❤✱
♥✐♥❡ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ s❛❝s ❝❛♠❡ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ✇❡st✱
t❡♥ ✐♥ t❤❡ ❡❛st tr❛✈❡rs❡ s✉r❢❛❝❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ r♦❝❦✳
✷✷ Brhaspati
.
✷✸ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ♣r❡s❡♥❝❡✴♠❛♥✐❢❡st❛t✐♦♥s
✷✹ ❂ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❢❛❝✉❧t✐❡s
✷✺ t❤❡ ♣❛rt ♦❢ t❤❡ ❜♦❞② t❤❛t ✐s ❛❜♦✈❡ t❤❡ ♣❡❧✈✐❝ r❡❣✐♦♥
✷✻ ❡①tr❛❝t ♦❢ Soma
✷✼ ♣r♦❜✳ t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤
✷✽ ♦❢ Indra
✷✾ t❤❛t ✐s✱ ♦❢ Prśni
.
✸✵ ♣r♦❜✳ t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤
✸✶ ♣r♦❜✳ Prśni
.
✶✶✽✻

daśānā´mékam. kapilám . samānám .

. hinvanti krátave pā´ryāya |
tám
gárbham . mātā´ súdhitam. vaks.án.āsvávenantam
.
tus.áyantı̄ bibharti || 16 ||

p´ı̄vānam
. mes.ámapacanta vı̄rā´
nyuptā aks.ā´ ánu dı̄vá āsan |
dvā´ dhánum
. br.hat´ı̄mapsvantáh.
pavı́travantā caratah. punántā || 17 ||

vı́ krośanā´so vı́s.vañca āyan

pácāti némo nahı́ páks.adardháh. |
ayám. me deváh. savitā´ tádāha
drvanna ı́dvanavatsarpı́rannah. || 18 ||

ápaśyam. grā´mam . váhamānamārā´d

acakráyā svadháyā vártamānam |
sı́s.aktyaryáh. prá yugā´ jánānām
.
sadyáh. śiśnā´ praminānó návı̄yān || 19 ||

etau´ me gā´vau pramarásya yuktau ´

mó .sú prá sedhı̄rmúhurı́nmamandhi |
ā´paścidasya vı́ naśantyártham.
sū´raśca marká úparo babhūvā´n || 20 ||
 ✶✶✽✼

✶✻✳ ❚♦ ❬❣❡t❪ ❛♥ ❡✛❡❝t✐✈❡

✸✷ ♣❧❛♥✱ t❤❡② ✉r❣❡ t❤❡ r❡❞✲❤❛✐r❡❞ ♦♥❡
♦❢ t❤❡ t❡♥ ❬✇❤♦ ✐s❪ ❤♦❧❞✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♠✐❞❞❧❡ ❜❡t✇❡❡♥ t✇♦ ❡①tr❡♠❡s✳
❚❤❡ ♠♦t❤❡r✱ ❜❡✐♥❣ s❛t✐s✜❡❞✱ ❝❛rr✐❡s ✇❡❧❧✲❝♦♥tr✐✈❡❞
❧❛❝❦✐♥❣✲②❡❛r♥✐♥❣s ❡♠❜r②♦
✸✸ ✐♥t♦ ♥♦✉r✐s❤✐♥❣ ❬✇❛t❡rs❪✳
✶✼✳ ❍❡r♦❡s ❝♦♦❦❡❞ ❢❛t r❛♠✱
❛❢t❡r✇❛r❞s ❞✐❝❡ ✇❡r❡ t❤r♦✇♥ t♦ ❣❛♠❜❧❡✳
❚❤❡ t✇♦✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ♠❡❛♥s t♦ ♣✉r✐❢②✱ ♣✉r✐❢②✐♥❣✱
r♦❛♠ ✈❛st ❞r②s❛♥❞ ❜❛♥❦ ♠✐❞st ✇❛t❡rs✳
✶✽✳ ❨❡❧❧✐♥❣✱ t✉r♥❡❞✲✐♥✲❛❧❧✲❞✐r❡❝t✐♦♥s✱ t❤❡② ❣♦ ❛♣❛rt
s♦ t❤❛t s❡✈❡r❛❧ ✇♦✉❧❞ ❞❡✈❡❧♦♣ ❬❛ ♣❧❛♥❪ ✖
s✐♥❝❡ ♥♦ ♣❛rt② ✇♦✉❧❞ s✐❞❡ ❬✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ♦t❤❡r❪✳
❚❤✐s deva ✖ Savitr. ✖ t♦❧❞ ♠❡ t❤✐s✱
✏❏✉st ❤❡
✸✹ ✇❤♦s❡ ❢♦♦❞ ✐s ✇♦♦❞✱ ❬❛♥❞❪ ❣❤❡❡
✇♦✉❧❞ ♣❧❛❝❡ ❬❛ ♣❧❛♥❪ ✇✐t❤✐♥ ❬♦♥❡✬s❪ r❡❛❝❤✳✑
✏❏✉st ❤❡
✸✺ ✇❤♦s❡ ❢♦♦❞ ✐s ✇♦♦❞✱ ❬❛♥❞❪ ❣❤❡❡ ✇♦✉❧❞ ❝♦♥q✉❡r✳✑
✸✻
✶✾✳ ■ ♦❜s❡r✈❡❞ ❛ tr♦♦♣ ❬♦❢ Marut✲s ❪
tr❛♥s♣♦rt✐♥❣ t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s ❢r♦♠ ❛ ❞✐st❛♥t ♣❧❛❝❡
❜② ❬t❤❡✐r❪ ❬r❡q✉✐r✐♥❣❪✲♥♦✲✇❤❡❡❧ ✐♥❤❡r❡♥t ♣♦✇❡r✱ r❡✈♦❧✈✐♥❣✳
■t
✸✼ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡s t❡❛♠s ♦❢ ♠❡♥ ✖
❢r♦♠ t❡♥❞✐♥❣ ✉♣✇❛r❞s ♦♥❡
✸✽ ❢♦rt❤ ✖
❛t ♦♥❝❡✱ ❜❡✐♥❣ ♥❡✇❡r✱ ❞✐♠✐♥✐s❤✐♥❣ t❛✐❧s
✸✾ ❬♦❢ ♣r❡✈✐♦✉s ✐♥t❡♥t✐♦♥s❪✳
✷✵✳ ❚❤❡s❡ t✇♦ ♦①❡♥ ♦❢ ❞❡❛t❤ ❛r❡ ②♦❦❡❞ ❢♦r ♠❡✳
❉♦ ♥♦t t❤♦✉ ❞r✐✈❡ ❢❛st✦ ❚❛rr② ❥✉st ❢♦r ❛ ♠♦♠❡♥t✦
❊✈❡♥ ✐ts
✹✵ ✇❛t❡rs ♣❡r♠❡❛t❡ ❬♦♥❡✬s❪ ♣✉r♣♦s❡✦
❙✐t✉❛t❡❞✲❜❡❧♦✇ ✈✐t❛❧ ❜r❡❛t❤✱ ✇❤✐❝❤ ♣❡r✈❛❞❡s t❤❡ ❜♦❞②✱
❤❛s ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❛♥ ✐♥❝✐t❡r✳

✸✷ ❤❡❧♣✐♥❣✲t❤r♦✉❣❤
✸✸ Indra
✸✹ s❛❝r✐✜❝✐❛❧ ✜r❡
✸✺ s❛❝r✐✜❝✐❛❧ ✜r❡
✸✻ ❛s♣✐r❛t✐♦♥s✱ ②❡❛r♥✐♥❣s✱ ❞❛②❞r❡❛♠s✱ ❝❤❛r❣❡❞ ✇✐t❤ ❞❡s✐r❡s✴❡♠♦t✐♦♥s ✐❞❡❛s✱
❝❛♣t✐✈❛t✐♥❣ ♣❧❛♥s✱ ❢❛♥❝②✱ ❧✐❢❡✲❝❤❛♥❣✐♥❣ ✐♥t❡♥t✐♦♥s t❤❛t ♠❛❦❡ ♦♥❡ ❣♦ ♦♥ ❛
q✉❡st
✸✼ t❤❡ tr♦♦♣ ♦❢ Marut✲s
✸✽ ✐♥♥❡r Soma
✸✾ r❡s✐❞✉❛❧ ♠❡♠♦r✐❡s
✹✵ ❞❡❛t❤✬s
✶✶✽✽

. yó vájrah. purudhā´ vı́vr.tto váh.

′
ayám
sū´ryasya br.hatáh. púrı̄s.āt |
śráva ı́denā´ paró anyádasti
tádavyath´ı̄ jarimā´n.astaranti || 21 ||

vr.ks.évr.ks.e nı́yatā mı̄mayadgaus´

táto váyah. prá patānpūrus.ā´dah. |
áthedám . vı́śvam
. bhúvanam. bhayāta
ı́ndrāya sunvádŕ..saye ca śı́ks.at || 22 ||

devā´nām . mā´ne prathamā´ atis..than

kr.ntátrādes.āmúparā údāyan |
tráyastapanti pr.thiv´ı̄manūpā´
dvā´ bŕ.būkam
. vahatah. púrı̄s.am || 23 ||

sā´ te jı̄vā´turutá tásya viddhi

mā´ smaitādŕ.gápa gūhah. samaryé |
āvı́h. svah. kr.n.uté gū´hate busám
.
sá pādúrasya nirn.ı́jo ná mucyate || 24 ||
 ✶✶✽✾

✷✶✳ ❚❤✐s ❬✐s❪ t❤❡ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t

t❤❛t ❬✇❛s❪ ❢r❡q✉❡♥t❧② ✢②✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❞✐✛❡r❡♥t ❞✐r❡❝t✐♦♥s
❞♦✇♥ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ✈❛st ❧♦♦s❡ s♦✐❧
✹✶ ♦❢ t❤❡ s✉♥✹✷ ✳
❇❡②♦♥❞ t❤✐s✱ ❥✉st t❤❡ ❢❛♠❡ ✐s ❞✐✛❡r❡♥t✳
◆♦✇ ❡✛❡❝ts ♦❢ ♦❧❞ ❛❣❡ ❝r♦ss ♦✈❡r
❬✇❤❛t ✇❛s t❤♦✉❣❤t ❛s❪ ✉♥❢❛✐❧✐♥❣ ❬❞❡❢❡♥s❡s❪✳
✷✷✳ ❬■❢ ❪ t❤❡ ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥
✹✸ ✇♦✉❧❞ s♦✉♥❞
✹✹
❬❜❡✐♥❣❪ t✐❡❞ t♦ ❛✲tr❡❡✲❛❢t❡r✲tr❡❡ ✱
t❤❡♥ ♠❛♥✲❡❛t✐♥❣ ❜✐r❞s ✇♦✉❧❞ ❬❥✉st❪ ✢② ❜② ✳
✹✺
❚❤❡r❡❢♦r❡✱ t❤✐s ❡♥t✐r❡ ♣❧❛❝❡ ♦❢ ❡①✐st❡♥❝❡ ✇♦✉❧❞ ❜❡ ❛❢r❛✐❞
♦❢ ❬t❤❛t ♣❧❛❝❡ ♦❢ ❡①✐st❡♥❝❡ t❤❛t ✐s❪ ♣r❡ss✐♥❣ ❬Soma❪ ❢♦r Indra
❛♥❞ ❞❡s✐r✐♥❣ t♦ ❡♠♣♦✇❡r ❢♦r s❡❡r✬s s❛❦❡✳
✷✸✳ ❋♦r❡♠♦st ♦♥❡s ❛❞❤❡r❡❞ t♦ t❤❡ ❝♦♥❝❡♣t✐♦♥ ♦❢ deva✲s✱
❢r♦♠ s❡♣❛r❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ t❤❡s❡ ❬❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ♣✉rs✉✐t ♦❢ t❤❡✐r ❣♦❛❧❪
❧♦✇❡r ♦♥❡s ❞✐❞ r✐s❡✳
❚❤r❡❡ ❜❛s✐♥s
✹✻ ❤❡❛t t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤✹✼ ✱
t✇♦
✹✽ ❬str❡❛♠s✹✾ ❪ ❝♦♥✈❡② t❤✐❝❦ s♦✐❧✺✵ ✳
✷✹✳ ❆♥❞ t❤❛t ❬✐s❪ ❛ ❧✐❢❡✲❣✐✈✐♥❣ ❞r✉❣ ❢♦r t❤❡❡✳
❇❡❝♦♠❡ ❛❝q✉❛✐♥t❡❞ ✇✐t❤ t❤✐s✳
❉♦ ♥♦t ❡✈❡r ❤✐❞❡ s♦♠❡t❤✐♥❣ ❧✐❦❡ t❤✐s ❛t ❛ ❝♦♥t❡st✦
svàr ❡✛❡❝ts ✐ts❡❧❢ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❧②✱ ✐t ❤✐❞❡s ❬♠❡♥t❛❧❪ ❢♦❣✳
❚❤❛t ❢♦♦t ♦❢ ❤✐s
✺✶ ✐s ❛s ✐❢ r❡❧❡❛s❡❞ ❢r♦♠ ❛ ❣❛r♠❡♥t✺✷ ✳

❙t❛♥③❛s ✶✶ ❛♥❞ ✶✷ ❝♦♠♣❛r❡ ✉♥✲❛✇❛r❡ ♦❢ ✐ts❡❧❢ ❛♥❞ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❡♥✈✐r♦♥✲

♠❡♥t ❜♦❞② ✭❂t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤✮ ✇✐t❤ ❤❛✈✐♥❣✲♥♦✲❡②❡s ❣✐r❧ ✇❤♦ ✇✐❧❧ ❜❡ ♠❛r✲
r✐❡❞✳ Indra ✐s ❞❡♣✐❝t❡❞ ❛s t❤❡ s✉✐t♦r✱ ❛♥❞ ❤❡✱ ✇❤♦s❡ ❜♦❞② ❤❡ ✐s ❣♦✐♥❣
t♦ ♠❛rr②✱ ✐s ❞❡♣✐❝t❡❞ ❛s ❤❡ ✇❤♦ ❛s❦s ❤❡r ✐♥ ♠❛rr✐❛❣❡ ❢♦r Indra✳ ❆
❜♦❞② t❤❛t ✐s ♥♦t ❛✇❛r❡ ♦❢ ✐ts❡❧❢ ❛♥❞ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❡♥✈✐r♦♥♠❡♥t ✐s ♥♦t s✉✐t✲
❛❜❧❡ ❢♦r Indra✳ ■t ✐s Soma t❤❛t ❣✐✈❡s t❤❡ ❜♦❞② ❡②❡s ✭✽✳✼✾✳✷❝❞ ✏❢r♦♠

✹✶ s♦❢t t✐ss✉❡s ♦❢ t❤❡ ❜♦❞②

✹✷ manipūra ❝❛❦r❛
.
✹✸ ❧✐t✳ ✏❝♦✇✑
✹✹ t❤❛t ✐s✱ t♦ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡✲❛❢t❡r✲s❛❝r✐✜❝❡
✹✺ ❧✐t✳ ✏❢♦rt❤✑
✹✻ ♠❛② ❜❡✱ t❤❡ ❤❡❛rt✱ t❤❡ ❜❡❧❧②✱ ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ❤❡❛❞
✹✼ ❂ t❤❡ ❜♦❞②
✹✽ ♣r♦❜✳ str❡❛♠s ♦❢ ❜❧♦♦❞ ❛♥❞ ❧②♠♣❤
✹✾ sargau
✺✵ ♣r♦❜✳ ❛ ❜♦❞② ❧✐q✉✐❞ t❤❛t ❝❛♥ ❝♦❛❣✉❧❛t❡
✺✶ ♣r♦❜✳ Visnu
..
✺✷ t❤❛t ✐s✱ ✐t ✐s r❡❛❞② t♦ ♠❛❦❡ ❛ ✇✐❞❡ st❡♣
✶✶✾✵

♥♦✇ ♦♥ ❜❧✐♥❞ s❤❛❧❧ s❡❡✱ ❧❛♠❡ s❤♦✉❧❞ ♥♦✇ ❜❡ ✇✐t❤♦✉t ❤✐s ❧❛♠❡♥❡ss✑✮✳
❙t❛♥③❛s ✶✸ ❛♥❞ ✶✹ ❞❡s❝r✐❜❡ ❤♦✇ ♣r❡s❡♥❝❡ ♦❢ Indra ✐♥ ❛ ❜♦❞②
✐s ❞❡✈❡❧♦♣✐♥❣✳ ❋✐rst✱ ✐t ❢❡❡❧s ❧✐❦❡ s✉❞❞❡♥ ✇❛r♠t❤ ✐♥ ❜♦t❤ ❢❡❡t ✭♦❢
❝❛✉s❡✱ s✉❝❤ ✇❛r♠t❤ ♠✐❣❤t ♦❝❝✉r ❢♦r ❞✐✛❡r❡♥t r❡❛s♦♥s✮✱ t❤❡♥ ✐t ♠✐❣❤t
s♣r❡❛❞ ✉♣✇❛r❞s t♦ t❤❡ ❤✐♣s✳ ❆t t❤❛t st❛❣❡ ✐t ✐s ✐♠♣♦rt❛♥t t♦ ❝♦♥✜❣✲
✉r❡ ♦♥❡✬s ♠✐♥❞ ❛♥❞ ♣❤②s✐♦❧♦❣② s♦ t❤❛t t❤❡ Indra ✇✐❧❧ ❜❡ s♣r❡❛❞✐♥❣
❢✉rt❤❡r ✉♣✇❛r❞s ❛❧♦♥❣ t❤❡ t♦rs♦✳ ❚❤❡ ❜♦❞② s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡ str❡t❝❤❡❞ ✉♣✲
✇❛r❞s ❛♥❞ ♦♥❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❛✈♦✐❞ ❜♦t❤ t❤❡ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡ t♦ ❜❡♥t ❢♦r✇❛r❞s ❛♥❞
❜✉rsts ♦❢ ❡♠♦t✐♦♥❛❧ s♣❡❡❝❤ ♦r s❤♦✉t✐♥❣✳ ❱❛r✐♦✉s ✉♥❢♦❧❞✐♥❣ ♣❤②s✐✲
♦❧♦❣✐❝❛❧ ❝❤❛♥❣❡s ✐♥ t❤❡ ❜♦❞② ✐♥ t❤✐s ❝❛s❡ ❛r❡ r❡❢❡rr❡❞ t♦ ❛s ♠❛♥✐✲
❢❡st❛t✐♦♥s ♦❢ Br.haspati✳ ❚♦ ❝♦♥♥❡❝t ♣❤②s✐♦❧♦❣✐❝❛❧ ❝❤❛♥❣❡s t♦ ♦♥❡✬s
♠✐♥❞✱ ❛♥❞ t❤✉s t♦ ♠❛❦❡ Indra t♦ ❜❡ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❡❞✱ ✐t ✐s ✐♠♣♦rt❛♥t t❤❛t
♦♥❡ ❜❡❝♦♠❡s ❢✉❧❧② ❛✇❛r❡ ♦❢ ✇❤❛t ❡✈❡♥ts✱ ✐❞❡❛s✱ ❡①♣❡r✐❡♥❝❡s✱ ♠♦t✐✈❡s
✭Marut✲s✮ ❝❛✉s❡❞ ♦♥❡ t♦ t✉r♥ t♦ Indra✳ ❙t❛♥③❛s ✶✺✕✶✾ ❞❡s❝r✐❜❡ ❛
❝❛s❡ ♦❢ ♠❡♥ ♠❛❦✐♥❣ ♣❧❛♥s ❢♦r ❛ ♠✐❧✐t❛r② ❛❞✈❡♥t✉r❡✱ ❛♥❞ st❛t❡s t❤❛t
✐t ✐s ♥♦t ♣❛rt✐❝✉❧❛r ❞❡t❛✐❧s t❤❛t ❛r❡ ✐♠♣♦rt❛♥t ❛t t❤✐s st❛❣❡✱ ❜✉t ❛
❢♦r♠✉❧❛t❡❞✲❛s✲❛♥✲❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡✲❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥ ✭✏❝♦✇✑ ✖ st❛♥③❛ ✷✷✮ ✐♥t❡♥t
t♦ ❛❝❤✐❡✈❡ t❤❡ ❣♦❛❧✱ ✇❤✐❝❤ ✇✐❧❧ ❜❡ ❧❡❛❞✐♥❣ t♦ s✉❝❝❡ss ✐❢ ✐t ❜❡❝♦♠❡s
✐♥♥❡r ✏✜r❡✲✐♥✲t❤❡✲❜❡❧❧②✑ ♦❢ ✇❤✐❝❤ ♦♥❡ r❡♠✐♥❞s ❤✐♠s❡❧❢ ❛♥❞ r❡♥❡✇s
✐t ✐♥ ❛♥ ❡✛❡❝t✐✈❡ ♠❛♥♥❡r ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ r✐t✉❛❧✐③❡❞ ✜r❡ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣s✳ ❚❤✐s
✐♥♥❡r ✜r❡ ♠❛❦❡s ♦♥❡ ❣♦✐♥❣ ❡✈❡♥ ♦♥ ❛ ❧✐❢❡✲❧♦♥❣ q✉❡st ❞❡s♣✐t❡ ♦❜st❛✲
❝❧❡s ❛♥❞ ❞✐str❛❝t✐♦♥s✳ ❚♦ ❡①❝❡❧✱ ♦♥❡ ♥❡❡❞s t♦ ❦♥♦✇ ❛♥❞ t♦ ❛❞❤❡r❡
t♦ s✉✐t❛❜❧❡ ❝♦♥❝❡♣t✐♦♥s ♦❢ ✈❛r✐♦✉s deva✲s ✭✈❡rs❡s ✷✸❛❜✮✳
❊♥t✐r❡ ❤②♠♥ ✐s ❛ ❧❡❝t✉r❡✲❧✐❦❡ ✐♥str✉❝t✐♦♥ t♦ ✇❛rr✐♦rs ✐♥✲tr❛✐♥✐♥❣✳
✶✶✾✶
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✵✳✷✽

❱❛s✉❦r❛ ❆✐♥❞r❛ | Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra

vı́śvo hyànyó arı́rājagā´ma

mámédáha śváśuro nā´ jagāma |
jaks.ı̄yā´ddhānā´ utá sómam. papı̄yāt
svā`śitah. púnarástam . jagāyāt || 1 ||

sá róruvadvr..sabhástigmáśr.ṅgo
várs.mantasthau várimannā´ pr.thivyā´h. |
vı́śves.venam
. vr.jánes.u pāmi
yó me kuks.´ı̄ sutásomah. pr.n.ā´ti || 2 ||

ádrin.ā te mandı́na indra tū´yān

sunvánti sómānpı́basi tvámes.ām |
pácanti te vr..sabhā´m̃
. átsi tés.ām
.
pr.ks.én.a yánmaghavanhūyámānah. || 3 ||

idám. sú me jaritarā´ cikiddhi

pratı̄pám . śā´pam . nadyò vahanti |
lopāśáh. sim. hám. pratyáñcamatsāh.
kros..tā´ varāhám . nı́ratakta káks.āt || 4 ||

kathā´ ta etádahámā´ ciketam .

gŕ.tsasya pā´kastaváso manı̄s.ā´m |
tvám . no vidvā´m̃
. .rtuthā´ vı́ voco
yámárdham . te maghavanks.emyā´ dhū´h. || 5 ||

evā´ hı́ mā´m

. tavásam . vardháyanti
diváścinme br.hatá úttarā dhū´h. |
purū´ sahásrā nı́ śiśāmi sākám
aśatrúm . hı́ mā jánitā jajā´na || 6 ||
 ✶✶✾✸

❬❋❡♠❛❧❡ ♣❛rt✐❝✐♣❛♥t ♦❢ t❤❡ r✐t✉❛❧✿❪

✶✳ ❙✉r❡❧② t❤❡ ♦t❤❡r ❛❧❧✲♣❡r✈❛❞✐♥❣ r✐s✐♥❣ ✉♣✇❛r❞s ♦♥❡ ❤❛s ❝♦♠❡✱
❛♥❞ ❥✉st ♠② ❢❛t❤❡r✲✐♥✲❧❛✇ ❤❛s ♥♦t ❝♦♠❡ ❤❡r❡✳
❍❡ ♠✐❣❤t ❤❛✈❡ ❝♦♥s✉♠❡❞ ❣r❛✐♥s ❛♥❞ ❞r❛♥❦ Soma✳
❍❡ ♠✐❣❤t ❤❛✈❡ ✇❡♥t ❜❛❝❦ ❤♦♠❡ ✇❡❧❧✲❢❡❞✳
❬■♥❞r❛✿❪
✶
✷✳ ❍❡ ✱ ❜❡❧❧♦✇✐♥❣✱ r❡s❡♠❜❧✐♥❣ ❛ s❤❛r♣✲❤♦r♥❡❞ ❜✉❧❧✱
st❛t✐♦♥❡❞ ❤✐♠s❡❧❢ ❛t t❤❡ ❤❡✐❣❤t ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ❡①♣❛♥s❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤✳
■♥ ❛❧❧ ❡♥❝❧♦s✉r❡s ■ ♣r♦t❡❝t t❤❛t ♦♥❡✱
✇❤♦✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ Soma ♣r❡ss❡❞✱ s❛t❡s ♠② t✇♦ ❝❛✈✐t✐❡s✳
❬■♥✈♦❦❡r✿❪
✸✳ ❲✐t❤ t❤❡ st♦♥❡ t❤❡② ♣r❡ss ❢♦r t❤❡❡ ♣♦ss❡ss✐♥❣✲♦❢✲❞❡❧✐❣❤t
str♦♥❣ ❞r♦♣s ♦❢ Soma✱ t❤♦✉ ❞r✐♥❦ t❤♦s❡✳
✷
❚❤❡② ❝♦♦❦ ❢♦r t❤❡❡ r❡s❡♠❜❧✐♥❣✲❛✲❜✉❧❧ ♦♥❡s ❀ t❤♦✉ ❡❛t t❤♦s❡✱
✇❤❡♥✱ ❖ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡✱ s✉♠♠♦♥❡❞ ❜② ❬s✉❝❤❪ ❢❡❛st✳
❬■♥❞r❛✿❪
✹✳ ❚❤♦✉ s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ r❡❛❧❧② ✉♥❞❡rst♦♦❞ t❤✐s ♠② ❬st♦r②❪✱ ❖ ✐♥✈♦❦❡r✦
✏❙tr❡❛♠s ❝❛rr② ♦❜str✉❝t✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡♠ ❛❢t❡r✇❛r❞s❪ ✢♦ts❛♠ ✱
✸
❢♦① s♥❡❛❦❡❞ ✉♣♦♥ ❢❛❝✐♥❣ ❬❤✐♠❪ ❧✐♦♥✱
❥❛❝❦❛❧ r✉s❤❡s ♦✉t ❛t ❛ ❜♦❛r ❢r♦♠ ❛ ❤✐❞✐♥❣ ♣❧❛❝❡✳✑
❬■♥✈♦❦❡r✿❪
✺✳ ❍♦✇ ■✱ ♦❢ ✐♠♠❛t✉r❡ ❬♠✐♥❞❪ ✱
✹
✇♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ ✉♥❞❡rst♦♦❞ t❤✐s t❤② ❬st♦r②❪ ✖
❛ ❝♦♥❝❡♣t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❛ ❝❧❡✈❡r ❛♥❞ ❛ str♦♥❣ ♦♥❡❄
❚❤♦✉✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ♣r♦♣❡r❧② ❛❝q✉❛✐♥t❡❞ ✇✐t❤ ✉s✱
s❤❛❧❧ ❡①♣❧❛✐♥ ✖ ✇❤✐❝❤ r❡❣✐♦♥ t❤②✱ ❖ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡✱
❣✐✈✐♥❣ ♣❡❛❝❡ ❛♥❞ tr❛♥q✉✐❧✐t② ♣♦❧❡ ❬s❤❛❧❧ ②♦❦❡❪✳
❬■♥❞r❛✿❪
✻✳ ❙✐♥❝❡ t❤❡② r❡❛❧❧② ♠❛❦❡ ♠❡ t♦ ❣r♦✇ str♦♥❣✱
t❤❡ ♣♦❧❡ ❬✐s❪ s✉♣❡r✐♦r t♦ ❡✈❡♥ ♠② ❧♦❢t② ❍❡❛✈❡♥✱
■ ✏❣r✐♥❞ ❞♦✇♥✑ ♠❛♥② t❤♦✉s❛♥❞s ❛t t❤❡ s❛♠❡ t✐♠❡✱
s✐♥❝❡ t❤❡ ♣r♦❣❡♥✐t♦r ❤❛s ❝r❡❛t❡❞ ♠❡ ✇✐t❤♦✉t ❛ r✐✈❛❧✳

✶ Soma
✷ ♣r♦❜✳ ❝❛❧✈❡s
✸ ✧s❛❛♣❛❂✢♦ts❛♠ ✐s ❢♦❧❧♦✇✐♥❣ ❬❏❛♠✐s♦♥ ❛♥❞ ❇r❡r❡t♦♥✱ ✷✵✶✹✱ ♣✳✶✹✶✾❪
✹ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✼✳✶✵✹✳✽❛
✶✶✾✹

evā´ hı́ mā´m

. tavásam . jajñúr
ugrám . kármankarmanvŕ . .san.amindra devā´h. |
′
vádhı̄m . vr.trám
. vájren.a mandasānó pa
vrajám . mahinā´ dāśús.e vam || 7 ||

devā´sa āyanparaśū´m̃. rabibhran

vánā vr.ścánto abhı́ vid.bhı́rāyan |
nı́ sudrvàm . dádhato vaks.án.āsu
yátrā kŕ.pı̄t.amánu táddahanti || 8 ||

śaśáh. ks.urám
. pratyáñcam . jagārā´drim
.
logéna vyàbhedamārā´t |
br.hántam . cidr.haté randhayāni
váyadvatsó vr..sabhám . śū´śuvānah. || 9 ||

suparn.á itthā´ nakhámā´ sis.āyā´varuddhah.

paripádam . háh. |
. ná sim
niruddháścinmahis.ástars.yā´vān
godhā´ tásmā ayátham . kars.adetát || 10 ||

tébhyo godhā´ ayátham . kars.adetád

yé brahmán.ah. pratip´ı̄yantyánnaih. |
simá uks.n.ò ′vasr..s.tā´m̃
. adanti
svayám. bálāni tanvàh. śr.n.ānā´h. || 11 ||

eté śámı̄bhih. suśámı̄ abhūvan

yé hinviré tanvàh. sóma uktháıh. |
nr.vádvádannúpa no māhi vā´jān
divı́ śrávo dadhis.e nā´ma vı̄ráh. || 12 ||
 ✶✶✾✺

✼✳ ❙✐♥❝❡ deva✲s ❤❛✈❡ r❡❛❧❧② ❡①♣❡r✐❡♥❝❡❞ ♠❡ ✐♥ ❡✈❡r② ❛❝t✐♦♥

❛s str♦♥❣ ❬❛♥❞❪ ❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s ❜✉❧❧✱ ❬❛❞♠✐r✐♥❣ ♠❡✱❪ ✏❖ Indra✦✑✱
❬❛♥❞✱❪ ❜❡❝♦♠✐♥❣ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t❡❞✱
■ ❤❛✈❡ ❞❡str♦②❡❞ Vr.tra ✇✐t❤ ❛ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✱
✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ✐♥❝r❡❛s❡ ✐♥ s✐③❡ ■ s❤❛❧❧ ✉♥❝♦✈❡r ❢♦r ❛ ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡r
t❤❡ ❡♥❝❧♦s✉r❡ ❬♦❢ ❝♦✇s❪ ✳
✺
❬■♥✈♦❦❡r✿❪
✽✳ Deva✲s ❝❛♠❡❀ t❤❡② ❜r♦✉❣❤t ❛①❡s✳
✻
❋❡❧❧✐♥❣ ❞❡s✐r❡s ✱ t❤❡② ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤❡❞ ✇✐t❤ ❬❝❡❧❡st✐❛❧❪
✼ tr✐❜❡s✳
❉❡♣♦s✐t✐♥❣ ❣♦♦❞ ❢✉❡❧ ✐♥t♦ ✉❞❞❡rs
✇❤❡r❡✐♥ st❡❡r✐♥❣✲t♦✲❣r✐❡❢ ♦♥❡
✽ ❬✐s❪✱
t❤❡② ❛❢t❡r✇❛r❞s ❜✉r♥ t❤❛t ❬t♦♦❪✳
❬■♥❞r❛✿❪
✾✳ ❆ ❤❛r❡ ❤❛s ❡❛t❡♥ ❢❛❝✐♥❣ ❬❤✐♠❪ t❤♦r♥❀
✇✐t❤ ❛ ❧✉♠♣ ♦❢ ❝❧❛② ■ s♣❧✐t ❛ r♦❝❦ ❢r♦♠ ❛ ❞✐st❛♥❝❡✳
❊✈❡♥ ❣r♦✇✐♥❣✲str♦♥❣❡r ♦♥❡ ■ ♠✐❣❤t ♠❛❦❡ t♦ s✉❜❥❡❝t
t♦ ❛♥ ❛❜❛♥❞♦♥✐♥❣ ❬✜❣❤t✐♥❣ ❝♦♥t❡sts❪ ♦♥❡✳
❬❊✈❡♥❪ ❛ ❝❛❧❢✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ s✇❡❧❧❡❞ ❬✇✐t❤ ❞❛r✐♥❣❪✱
s❤❛❧❧ s❡t ✐♥ ♠♦t✐♦♥ r❡s❡♠❜❧✐♥❣ ❛ ❜✉❧❧ ♦♥❡✳
✶✵✳ ❚❤✉s ❤❛✈✐♥❣✲❜❡❛✉t✐❢✉❧✲✇✐♥❣s ❬❤❛✇❦❪
❤❛s ❝❛st ❧✐❦❡ ❛ ❧✐♦♥ ❬❤✐s❪ t❛❧♦♥
❛t ♠♦✈✐♥❣ ❤✐t❤❡r ❛♥❞ t❤✐t❤❡r ❬s♥❛❦❡❪
❬✇❤✐❧❡❪ ❦❡♣t ❛t ❛ ❞✐st❛♥❝❡ ❬❜② t❤❡ t❤r❡❛t ♦❢ ❛ ❜✐t❡❪✳
❊✈❡♥ r❡str❛✐♥❡❞ ❜✉✛❛❧♦✱ ❬✇❤❡♥❪ t❤✐rst②✱
❬❛♥❞❪ ❛ str❛♣ ❢♦r ❤✐♠ ❬✐♥ ♣❧❛❝❡❪✱ s❤❛❧❧ t❡❛r t❤✐s ❣❛t❡✳
✖✖
❬■♥str✉❝t♦r✿❪
✶✶✳ ❖♥❡ s❤❛❧❧ t❡❛r t❤✐s ❣❛t❡✱ ❢♦r t❤♦s❡ ❬❛r❡❪ t❤❡ str❛♣s
✇❤♦ r❡✈✐❧❡ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t♦rs ❜❡❝❛✉s❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❢♦♦❞ ❬t❤❡② ❡❛t❪ ✖
s❛♠❡ ❬❢♦❧❦s❪ ❡❛t ❧❡t✲♦✛ ♦①❡♥
❬t❤✉s❪ t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s ❜r❡❛❦✐♥❣ ❜♦❞② ♣♦✇❡rs✳
✶✷✳ ❚❤❡s❡ ❤❡r❡ t❤r♦✉❣❤ ❬t❤❡✐r❪ ❡✛♦rts ❞✐❧✐❣❡♥t❧② ❜❡❝❛♠❡
❬t❤♦s❡❪ ✇❤♦ ❤❛✈❡ ✐♠♣❡❧❧❡❞ t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s ✇✐t❤ r❡❝✐t❡❞ ✈❡rs❡s
✇❤❡♥ Soma ❬✇❛s ❝♦♥s✉♠❡❞❪✳
❙♣❡❛❦✐♥❣ ❧✐❦❡ ❛ ♠❛♥✱ ❛♣♣♦rt✐♦♥ t♦ ✉s r✉s❤❡s ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✦
■♥ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ t❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ s❡t✉♣ t❤❡ ♥❛♠❡ ✏❤❡r♦✑
❛s ❛♥ ❛✉❞✐t♦r② ✐♠♣r❡ss✐♦♥✳

✺ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✶✳✶✵✳✼❝

✻ ❧✐t✳ ✏t❤✐❝❦❡t✑
✼ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✸✳✸✹✳✷❝❞
✽ ♣r♦❜✳ Vrtra
.
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✵✳✷✾

❱❛s✉❦r❛ ❆✐♥❞r❛ | Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra

váne ná vā yó nyadhāyi cākáñ

chúcirvām. stómo bhuran.āvajı̄gah. |
yásyédı́ndrah. purudı́nes.u hótā
nr.n.ā´m
. náryo nŕ.tamah. ks.apā´vān || 1 ||

prá te asyā´ us.ásah. prā´parasyā

´ syāma nŕ.tamasya nr.n.ā´m |
nr.tau
ánu triśókah. śatámā´vahann.´r̄n
kútsena rátho yó ásatsasavā´n || 2 ||

káste máda indra rántyo bhūd

dúro gı́ro abhyùgró vı́ dhāva |
kádvā´ho arvā´gúpa mā manı̄s.ā´
ā´ tvā śakyāmupamám. rā´dho ánnaih. || 3 ||

kádu dyumnámindra tvā´vato n.´r̄n

káyā dhiyā´ karase kánna ā´gan |
mitró ná satyá urugāya bhr.tyā´
ánne samasya yádásanmanı̄s.ā´h. || 4 ||

préraya sū´ro ártham . ná pārám.

yé asya kā´mam . janidh ā´ iva gmán |
gı́raśca yé te tuvijāta pūrv´ı̄r
nára indra pratiśı́ks.antyánnaih. || 5 ||
 ✶✶✾✼

✶✳ ❲❤❡t❤❡r ❤❡ ✱ ✇❤♦ ✇❛s ❡st❛❜❧✐s❤❡❞ ✐♥ ❛ ❞❡s✐r❡✱

✶
s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ ❜❡❡♥ s❛t✐s✜❡❞ ✇✐t❤ ❬✐t❪ ♦r ♥♦t✱
❛♥ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t✐♥❣ ❤②♠♥ ♦❢ ♣r❛✐s❡ t♦ ②♦✉ t✇♦✱ ❖ t✇♦ ❜✉st❧✐♥❣ ♦♥❡s✱
♠❛❞❡ ❬❤✐♠❪ ❛✇❛❦❡✳
❏✉st ❬❤❡✱❪ ✇❤♦s❡ ✐♥✈♦❦❡r ❢♦r ♠❛♥② ❞❛②s ❬✐s❪ Indra✱
❬✐s❪ ❛❣r❡❡❛❜❧❡✲t♦✲♠❡♥ ♠♦st ♠❛♥❧② ♦❢ ♠❡♥ ♦♥❡✱
❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② t❤❡ ♣r♦t❡❝t♦r ♦❢ t❤❡ ❧❛♥❞✳
✷✳ ❇❡❢♦r❡ t❤✐s ❞❛✇♥ ❛♥❞ ❜❡❢♦r❡ ♥❡①t ♦♥❡
✇❡ ❝♦✉❧❞ ❜❡ ❛t t❤❡ ❣r❛♥❞ ❛♣♣❡❛r❛♥❝❡ ♦❢ t❤❡❡ ✖
♦❢ t❤❡ ♠♦st ♠❛♥❧② ♦❢ ♠❡♥✳
❆❢t❡r ❬t❤❛t❪ ✖ triśoka ✳ ✷
❚❤❡② ❜r♦✉❣❤t ❤❡r❡ ❛ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ♠❡♥✳
❚❤❡ ❝❤❛r✐♦t ✇✐t❤ Kutsa s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡ ♦❜t❛✐♥✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡ ♣r✐③❡❪✳
✖✖
✸✳ ❲❤✐❝❤ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t✐♥❣ ❞r✐♥❦ s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❛ ❞❡❧✐❣❤t ❢♦r t❤❡❡✱
❖ Indra❄
❉♦ t❤♦✉✱ ❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s✱ tr✐❝❦❧❡ t❤r♦✉❣❤ t❤❡ ❞♦♦rs t♦✇❛r❞s ❝❤❛♥ts✦
❲❤✐❝❤ ❝♦♥✈❡②✐♥❣ ❬✇♦✉❧❞ ❜r✐♥❣ t❤❡❡❪ ❤✐t❤❡r✱ t♦✇❛r❞s ♠❡✱
❬✇❤❛t❪ ❝♦♥❝❡♣t✐♦♥❄
■ ♠✐❣❤t ❜❡ ❛❜❧❡ ❬t♦ ❜r✐♥❣ t♦❪ t❤❡❡
t❤❡ ♠♦st ❡①❝❡❧❧❡♥t s❛t✐s❢❛❝t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❬t❤②❪ ❞❡s✐r❡
❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❬t❤✐s❪ ❢♦♦❞✳
✹✳ ❲❤✐❝❤ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t❡ ❬✇♦✉❧❞ ❝r❡❛t❡❪ ♠❡♥ ❧✐❦❡ t❤❡❡✱
❖ Indra❄
❲❤❛t ✈✐s✐♦♥ t❤♦✉ ❡✛❡❝t❄
❲❤❛t ❤❛s ❝♦♠❡ t♦ ✉s ✐♥ ❡✈❡r②♦♥❡✬s ❢♦♦❞
❧✐❦❡ ❛ tr✉❡ ❜❡♥❡❢❛❝t♦r✱ ❖ ✇✐❞❡✲r❛♥❣✐♥❣ ♦♥❡✱
❢♦r ❛ s✉♣♣♦rt✱ ✐❢ ❝♦♥❝❡♣t✐♦♥s s❤♦✉❧❞ ❜❡ ❬s✉❝❤ s✉♣♣♦rt❪❄
✺✳ ❉♦ t❤♦✉ st✐♠✉❧❛t❡ ❛s t❤❡ ✐♥❝✐t❡r ❬st✐♠✉❧❛t❡s ♠❡♥❪
✸
t♦✇❛r❞s ❜r✐♥❣✐♥❣✲❛❝r♦ss ❝❛✉s❡ ✱ ✹
t❤♦s❡ ✇❤♦ ✇♦✉❧❞ ❡❛❝❤ ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤ ❤✐s ♦✇♥ ❧♦♥❣✐♥❣
❛s ♠❛t❝❤♠❛❦❡rs ❬✇♦✉❧❞❪✱
❛♥❞ t❤♦s❡ ♠❡♥ ✇❤♦ ❢♦r t❤② s❛❦❡✱ ❖ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❡❞✲♦❢t❡♥ ♦♥❡✱
s❡❡❦ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ❤❡❧♣ ♦❢ ❬t❤✐s❪ ❢♦♦❞
t♦ ❜❡ ❛ ♠❛t❝❤ ❢♦r ♠❛♥② ❝❤❛♥ts✱ ❖ Indra✦
✖✖
✶ ❛❞❡♣t ♦❢ Indra
✷ ♣r♦❜✳ ❛ ❦✐♥❞ ♦❢ ❝♦♥t❡st
✸ t❤❡ s✉♥
✹ ♣r♦❜✳ ❢♦r❞✐♥❣ ♠♦✉♥t❛✐♥ str❡❛♠ ❜❡❢♦r❡ s✉♥ ❣❡ts t♦♦ ❤✐❣❤
✶✶✾✽

mā´tre nú te súmite indra pūrv´ı̄

dyaurmajmánā
´ pr.thiv´ı̄ kā´vyena |
várāya te ghr.távantah. sutā´sah.
svā´dmanbhavantu pı̄táye mádhūni || 6 ||

ā´ mádhvo asmā asicannámatram

. sá hı́ satyárādhāh. |
ı́ndrāya pūrn.ám
sá vāvr.dhe várimannā´ pr.thivyā´
´ . syaiśca || 7 ||
abhı́ krátvā náryah. paum

vyā`na..dı́ndrah. pŕ.tanāh. svójā

ā´smai yatante sakhyā´ya pūrv´ı̄h. |
ā´ smā rátham . ná pŕ.tanāsu tis..tha
yám . bhadráyā sumatyā´ codáyāse || 8 ||
 ✶✶✾✾

✻✳ ❚✇♦ ♠❡❛s✉r❡s ❬❛r❡❪ ♥♦✇ ✇❡❧❧ ♣r♦♣♦rt✐♦♥❡❞ ❢♦r t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Indra✱

❬❛♥❞ ❛r❡❪ ♣❧❡♥t✐❢✉❧✱
t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤ ✖ ♠❛❥❡st✐❝❛❧❧②✱ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ♣♦❡tr②✳
❋♦r t❤❡❡ t♦ ❝❤♦♦s❡ ❬❛r❡❪ r✐❝❤ ✐♥ ❣❤❡❡ Soma ❥✉✐❝❡s✳
▲❡t ❤♦♥❡②❡❞ ❬Soma ❞r♦♣s❪ ❜❡ ❛ ❞❛✐♥t② ❞r✐♥❦ t♦ ❞r✐♥❦✦
✼✳ P♦✉r ✐♥ ❢♦r ❤✐♠✱ ❢♦r Indra✱ ❛ t❛♥❦❛r❞ ❢✉❧❧ ♦❢ ❤♦♥❡②
s✐♥❝❡ ❤❡ ✐s t❤❡ ♦♥❡ ✇❤♦s❡ s❛t✐s❢❛❝t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ♦♥❡✬s ❞❡s✐r❡ ✐s r❡❛❧✳
❍❡ ❤❛s ❣r♦✇♥ str♦♥❣❡r ✐♥ t❤❡ ❡①♣❛♥s❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤
❬❜❡❝♦♠✐♥❣❪ s✉♣❡r✐♦r t❤r♦✉❣❤ ❬❤✐s❪ r❡s♦✉r❝❡❢✉❧♥❡ss
❛♥❞ ♠❛♥❧② str❡♥❣t❤s✳
✽✳ Indra✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ♠✉❝❤ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱ ❤❛s ♣❡r♠❡❛t❡❞ ❜❛tt❧❡s✳
▼❛♥② ❬❝❧❛♥s❪ ❤❡r❡ ❛r❡ ❡❛❣❡r ❢♦r t❤✐s ❧✐❦❡✲♠✐♥❞❡❞♥❡ss ❬✇✐t❤ ❤✐♠❪✳
✖✖
❉♦ t❤♦✉ r❡s♦rt ✖ ❛s ✐❢ t♦ ❛ ❝❤❛r✐♦t ❞✉r✐♥❣ ❜❛tt❧❡s ✖
t♦ ❬❤✐♠ ❪ ✇❤♦♠ t❤♦✉ ✇♦✉❧❞ ✉r❣❡ ♦♥
✺
✇✐t❤ ❛♥ ❛✉s♣✐❝✐♦✉s ❡✛❡❝t✐✈❡ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❣❡st✉r❡✦

✺ Indra
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✵✳✸✷

Kavas.a AIlūs.a | ✶✕✺ Jagatı̄✱ ✻✕✾ Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra

prá sú gmántā dhiyasānásya saks.án.i

varébhirvarā´m̃
. abhı́ .sú pras´ı̄datah. |
asmā´kamı́ndra ubháyam . jujos.ati
yátsomyásyā´ndhaso búbodhati || 1 ||

v`ı̄ndra yāsi divyā´ni rocanā´

vı́ pā´rthivāni rájasā purus..tuta |
yé tvā váhanti múhuradhvarā´m̃ . úpa
té sú vanvantu vagvanā´m̃ . . || 2 ||
arādhásah

tádı́nme chantsadvápus.o vápus..taram .

putró yájjā´nam
. pitróradh´ı̄yati |
jāyā´ pátim
. vahati vagnúnā sumát
pum . sá ı́dbhadró vahatúh. páris.kr.tah. || 3 ||

tádı́tsadhásthamabhı́ cā´ru dı̄dhaya

gā´vo yáchā´sanvahatúm. ná dhenávah. |
mātā´ yánmánturyūthásya pūrvyā´bhı́
vān.ásya saptádhāturı́jjánah. || 4 ||
 ✶✷✵✶

✶✳ ❚✇♦ ❡❛s✐❧② s❡tt✐♥❣ ❢♦rt❤ ♦♥❡s

✶
✐♥ ❛ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❜❡✐♥❣ ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❡❞ ♦♥❡✱
❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤ ❡❛s✐❧②✲t❛❦✐♥❣✲t❤❡✐r✲s❡❛ts s✉✐t♦rs
✇✐t❤ ❝❤♦✐❝❡st ❬♦✛❡r✐♥❣s❪✳
Indra ❡♥❥♦②s ❜♦t❤ ♦✉r ❬❡✉❧♦❣② ❛♥❞ ❛ ❤②♠♥ ♦❢ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t✐♦♥❪
✇❤❡♥ ❤❡ ❜❡❝♦♠❡s ❛✇❛r❡ ♦❢ ❝♦♥t❛✐♥✐♥❣ Soma ❤❡r❜✳
✷✳ ❚❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ tr❛✈❡rs❡ ❝❡❧❡st✐❛❧ ❧✉♠✐♥♦✉s s♣❤❡r❡s✱
❬t❤♦✉ tr❛✈❡rs❡❪ ❡❛rt❤❧② ♦♥❡s t❤r♦✉❣❤ t❤❡ ❛✐r② r❡❛❧♠✱
❖ ♠✉❝❤✲❡✉❧♦❣✐③❡❞ ♦♥❡✦
❚❤♦s❡ ✇❤♦ ❛r❡ ❝♦♥✈❡②✐♥❣ t❤❡❡ t♦ ♣r♦❝❡❡❞✐♥❣ ♦♥ t❤❡✐r ✇❛②
❬s❛❝r✐✜❝❡s❪ ❬❡✈❡♥❪ ❢♦r ❛ ♠♦♠❡♥t✱
♠❛② t❤❡② ❡❛s✐❧② ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ♠❛st❡rs ♦❢ ❬❥✉st❪ ❝❤❛tt❡r✐♥❣
❜✉t ♥♦t s❛t✐s❢②✐♥❣ ❬Indra✬s❪ ❞❡s✐r❡ ♦♥❡s✳
✸✳ ❚❤❛t ✐♥❞❡❡❞ ✇♦✉❧❞ ❛♣♣❡❛r t♦ ♠❡ ❛s ♠♦r❡ ✇♦♥❞r♦✉s
t❤❛♥ ❬❛♥②❪ ✇♦♥❞❡r ✖
✇❤❡♥ t❤❡ s♦♥ ❬✐s❪ ✐♥ ❤✐♠
✇❤♦ ✐s st✉❞②✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❜✐rt❤ ♦❢ ❬❤✐s❪ ♣❛r❡♥ts ✳
✷
✸ ✹ ✺
❆ ✇✐❢❡ ❧❡❛❞s ❤♦♠❡ t❤❡ ❤✉s❜❛♥❞ ❛❧♦♥❣ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ t❛❧❦ ❬✐t ❝❛✉s❡s❪
✻
❬✇❤✐❧❡❪ ❥✉st t❤❡ ♠❛♥✬s ❧♦✈❡❧② ✇❡❞❞✐♥❣ ♣r♦❝❡ss✐♦♥ ✇❛s ✜t ♦✉t✳
✹✳ ❖♥❧② t❤❡♥ ■ ❤❛✈❡ r❡✢❡❝t❡❞ ✉♣♦♥ t❤❡ ❢❛✈♦r✐t❡ ♠❡❡t✐♥❣ ♣❧❛❝❡ ✱
✼
✽
✇❤❡♥ ❝♦✇s ✇♦✉❧❞ r❡str✐❝t t❤❡ ✇❡❞❞✐♥❣ ♣r♦❝❡ss✐♦♥
❛s ♠✐❧❝❤✲❝♦✇s ❬✇♦✉❧❞ r❡str✐❝t ♦r❞✐♥❛r② ✇❡❞❞✐♥❣ ♣r♦❝❡ss✐♦♥❪✱
✾
✇❤❡♥ t❤❡ ♠♦t❤❡r ✱ t❤❡ ❢♦r♠❡r ❝♦✉♥s❡❧ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❤❡r❞✱
❬❝♦✉♥s❡❧❡❞ t❤✉s✱❪
✏❆ ♣❡rs♦♥ ❬❝❛♥ ❜❡ s❡❡♥ ❛s❪
❥✉st ❤❛✈✐♥❣✲s❡✈❡♥✲❡❧❡♠❡♥ts✲♦❢✲t❤❡✲♠✉s✐❝ ❬s♣❛❝❡❪✳✑

✶ ♣r♦❜✳ ❡✉❧♦❣② ❛♥❞ ❛ ❤②♠♥ ♦❢ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t✐♦♥

✷ ♣r♦❜✳ Rudra ❛♥❞ Prśni
.
✸ t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤
✹ Indra
✺ ❧✐t✳ ✏♥♦✐s❡✑ ✖ st❛♥❞s ❢♦r ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❝❤❛tt❡r ❧✐❦❡❧② t♦ ❜❡ ✉♥❧❡❛s❤❡❞ ❞✉r✐♥❣ t❤❡
♣r♦❝❡ss
✻ ❛s❝❡♥s✐♦♥ ✉♣ t❤❡ s♣✐♥❡
✼ ♣r♦❜✳ t❤r♦❛t ❝❛❦r❛
✽ ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s
✾ Prśni
.
✶✷✵✷

prá vó ′chā ririce devayús.padám

éko rudrébhiryāti turván.ih. |
jarā´ vā yés.vamŕ.tes.u dāváne
pári va ū´mebhyah. siñcatā mádhu || 5 ||

nidhı̄yámānamápagū..dhamapsú
prá me devā´nām
. vratapā´ uvāca |
´
ı́ndro vidvām̃
. ánu hı́ tvā cacáks.a
ténāhámagne ánuśis..ta ā´gām || 6 ||

áks.etravitks.etravı́dam . hyáprāt.
sá práıti ks.etravı́dā´nuśis..tah. |
etádváı bhadrámanuśā´sanasyotá
srutı́m. vindatyañjas´ı̄nām || 7 ||

adyédu prā´n.ı̄dámamannimā´hā´pı̄vr.to
adhayanmātúrū´dhah. |
émenamāpa jarimā´ yúvānam
áhe..danvásuh. sumánā babhūva || 8 ||

etā´ni bhadrā´ kalaśa kriyāma

kúruśravan.a dádato maghā´ni |
dāná ı́dvo maghavānah. só astvayám
. ca
sómo hr.dı́ yám. bı́bharmi || 9 ||
 ✶✷✵✸

✺✳ ✏❬▼♦✈✐♥❣❪ t♦✇❛r❞s ②♦✉✱ ❤❡

✶✵ ✱ s❡❡❦✐♥❣✲deva✱ ❡♠♣t✐❡s t❤❡ tr❛❝❦✶✶ ✳
❍❡✱ ♦♥❡ ❛♥❞ t❤❡ s❛♠❡✱ ♦✈❡r♣♦✇❡r✐♥❣✱ ❥♦✉r♥❡②s ✇✐t❤ Rudra✲s✳
❖♣t✐♦♥❛❧❧②✱ ❛♥ ✐♥✈♦❝❛t✐♦♥ ♠✐❞st t❤♦s❡ ✉♥❝❡❛s✐♥❣ ❬Rudra✲s❪✱
✐♥ ♦r❞❡r t♦ r❡❝❡✐✈❡ ❬t❤❛t ❡♠♣t②✐♥❣ ♦❢ t❤❡ tr❛❝❦❪✱
❬♠✐❣❤t ❜❡ ✉tt❡r❡❞❪✳
❯s✐♥❣ ②♦✉r ❤❡❧♣❡rs
✶✷ ✱
❞♦ s♣r❡❛❞ t❤❡ ❤♦♥❡②
✶✸ t❤r♦✉❣❤♦✉t ❬t❤❡ tr❛❝❦❪✦✑
✻✳ ❚❤❡ ♣r♦t❡❝t♦r
✶✹ ♦❢ deva✲s✬ s♣❤❡r❡s ♦❢ ❛❝t✐♦♥ ❛♥♥♦✉♥❝❡❞ t♦ ♠❡
❬t❤❛t❪ ❤✐❞❞❡♥ ❛✇❛② ✐♥ t❤❡ ✇❛t❡rs ♦♥❡
✶✺ ❬✐s❪ ❜❡✐♥❣ ✐♥st❛❧❧❡❞✳
✏❙✐♥❝❡ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❡①♣❡r✐❡♥❝❡❞ ❬t❤❡❡❪ Indra ❦❡♣t t❤❡❡ ✐♥ ❤✐s s✐❣❤t✱
❜❡✐♥❣ ✐♥str✉❝t❡❞ ❜② ❤✐♠✱ ■ ❤❛✈❡ ❝♦♠❡ ❤❡r❡✱ ❖ Agni✦✑
✼✳ ❙✐♥❝❡ ❤❡✱ ✇❤♦ ❞♦❡s ♥♦t ❦♥♦✇ ❛ ❧♦❝❛❧✐t②✱ ✇♦✉❧❞ ❛s❦ ❤✐♠ ❦♥♦✇s✱
♦♥❡ ✇♦✉❧❞ ♣r♦❝❡❡❞ ❛s t❛✉❣❤t ❜② ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ❦♥♦✇s✳
❚❤✐s ❬✐s❪ tr✉❧② ❛ ❣♦♦❞ ❢♦rt✉♥❡ ♦❢ ❛♥ ✐♥str✉❝t✐♦♥✱
❛♥❞ ♦♥❡ ✇♦✉❧❞ ✜♥❞ ❬t❤✉s❪ ❛ str❛✐❣❤t❢♦r✇❛r❞ ❝♦✉rs❡ ❬♦❢ ❛❝t✐♦♥s❪✳
✽✳ ❏✉st t♦❞❛② ❤❡
✶✻ ❤❛s ✐♥❤❛❧❡❞ ✖ ❤❡ ❞✐❞ t❛rr② ❬❛❧❧❪ t❤❡s❡ ❞❛②s✱
s❤r♦✉❞❡❞✱ ❤❡ s✉❝❦❡❞ ♠♦t❤❡r✬s ✉❞❞❡r✳
❆❣✐♥❣ ♦♥❡ ❤❛s ❣❛✐♥❡❞ ❤✐♠✱ ②♦✉t❤❢✉❧ ♦♥❡✳
◆♦♥✲❛♥❣r②✱ ❤❡ ❤❛s ❜❡❝❛♠❡ ✇❡❧❧❞✐s♣♦s❡❞✱ ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧✳
✖✖
✾✳ ❲❡ ❝❛♥ ❡✛❡❝t t❤❡s❡ ❛✉s♣✐❝✐♦✉s ❬t❤✐♥❣s❪✱
❖ ❬r❡❝❡✐✈✐♥❣ ❙♦♠❛❪
✶✼ ❥❛r✶✽ ✱
❬❚❤❡② ❛r❡❪✱ ❖ Kuruśravan.a✱ ❣✐❢ts ♦❢ t❤❡ ❜❡st♦✇✐♥❣ ♦♥❡✳
▼❛② ❤❡ ❜❡ ❢♦r ②♦✉r✱ ❖ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡s✱ ❥✉st ✇❤❛t ❣✐✈❡s✱
❛♥❞ ❬♠❛②❪ t❤✐s Soma t❤❛t ■ ❝❛rr② ✐♥ t❤❡ ❤❡❛rt
❬❜❡ ❥✉st ✇❤❛t ❣✐✈❡s❪✳

✶✵ ✐♥♥❡r Soma
✶✶ t❤❡ s♣❛❝❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ s♣✐♥❡
✶✷ ❤❡r❡ ♣r♦❜✳ t❤❡ s♦✉♥❞s t❤❛t ❛r❡ t❤❡ s❡✈❡♥ ❡❧❡♠❡♥ts ♦❢ t❤❡ ♠✉s✐❝✱ s♦✉♥❞s
t❤❛t ❛r❡ ✐♥ t✉♥❡ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ s❡✈❡♥ ❝❛❦r❛s
✶✸ ❡①tr❛❝t ♦❢ Soma ❜❡✐♥❣ ❛❜s♦r❜❡❞ ✐♥t♦ ❜♦❞②
✶✹ ♣r♦❜✳ ✐♥♥❡r Soma ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✾✳✼✵✳✹❝❞
✶✺ ✐♥♥❡r ✜r❡
✶✻ ✐♥♥❡r Agni
✶✼ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✻✳✻✾✳✷❜
✶✽ Indra
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✵✳✸✽

Indra Mus.kavant | Jagatı̄ | t♦ Indra

asmı́nna indra pr.tsutau ´ yáśasvati

śı́mı̄vati krándasi prā´va sātáye |
yátra gós.ātā dhr..sités.u khādı́s.u
vı́s.vakpátanti didyávo nr..sā´hye || 1 ||

sá nah. ks.umántam . sádane vyū`rn.uhi

gó .arn.asam. rayı́mindra śravā´yyam |
syā´ma te jáyatah. śakra medı́no
yáthā vayámuśmási tádvaso kr.dhi || 2 ||

yó no dā´sa ā´ryo vā purus..tutā´deva indra

yudháye cı́ketati |
asmā´bhis..te sus.áhāh. santu śátravas
tváyā vayám. tā´nvanuyāma sam . gamé || 3 ||

yó dabhrébhirhávyo yáśca bhū´ribhir

yó abh´ı̄ke varivovı́nnr..sā´hye |
tám
. vikhādé sásnimadyá śrutám . náram
arvā´ñcamı́ndramávase karāmahe || 4 ||

. hı́ tvā´mahámindra śuśrávānānudám

svavŕ.jam .
vr..sabha radhracódanam |
prá muñcasva pári kútsādihā´ gahi
kı́mu tvā´vānmus.káyorbaddhá āsate || 5 ||
 ✶✷✵✺

✶✳ ■♥ t❤✐s ✇♦rt❤② ❝❤❛❧❧❡♥❣❡ t♦ ✜❣❤t✱ ❖ Indra✱

❛t ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞✲❜②✲❡①❡rt✐♦♥ ❜❛tt❧❡✲❝r②✱
❢❛✈♦✉r ✉s t♦ ❣❛✐♥ ❬❛♥ ❛❞✈❛♥t❛❣❡❪✱
✇❤❡♥ ❛t ♣r❡✈❛✐❧✐♥❣✲♦✈❡r✲♠❡♥ ❬st❛❣❡❪ ❞✉r✐♥❣ ❬t❤✐s❪ ❢♦r❛② ❢♦r ❝♦✇s✱
❛rr♦✇s ✢② ❛❧❧ ❛r♦✉♥❞
♠✐❞st ❝❤❛❧❧❡♥❣❡❞ ❞❡❝♦r❛t❡❞✲✇✐t❤✲st✉❞❞❡❞✲❬❛r♠♦✉r❪ ♦♥❡s✦
✶
✷✳ ❙✉❝❤ ✱ ❖ Indra✱ ✉♥♣❛❝❦ ❢♦r ✉s ✐♥ t❤❡ s❡❛t
✷
✸
♥♦✉r✐s❤✐♥❣ ❛❜♦✉♥❞✐♥❣ ✐♥ ✏❝♦✇s✑ t♦✲❜❡✲♣r❛✐s❡❞ tr❡❛s✉r❡✦
❲❡✱ ❡♥❡r❣✐③❡❞ ❬❜② ✐t❪✱ ❝♦✉❧❞ ❜❡ t❤②✱
❬✇❤♦ ✐s❪ s✉r♣❛ss✐♥❣✱ ❖ ❡♠♣♦✇❡r✐♥❣ ♦♥❡✦
▼❛❦❡ t❤❛t ❛s ✇❡ ✇✐s❤ ❬✐t t♦ ❜❡❪✱ ❖ ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧ ♦♥❡✦
✸✳ ❲❤♦✱ ✇❤❡t❤❡r ❛ s❛✈❛❣❡✱ ♦r ❝♦♥❞✉❝t✐♥❣ ❬✐t❪ ✉♣✇❛r❞s ♦♥❡✱
❖ ♠✉❝❤✲❡✉❧♦❣✐③❡❞ ♦♥❡✱
✐♥t❡♥❞s✱ ❜❡✐♥❣ ✇✐t❤♦✉t t❤❡ deva✱ ❖ Indra✱ t♦ ✜❣❤t ✉s✱
♠❛② ❬s✉❝❤❪ ❡♥❡♠✐❡s ❜❡ ❡❛s✐❧② s✉❜❞✉❡❞ ❜② ✉s ❬✇❤♦ ❛r❡❪ t❤②✦
❲✐t❤ t❤❡❡ ✇❡ ♠✐❣❤t ♣❧❛❝❡ t❤❡♠
✇✐t❤✐♥ ❬♦✉r❪ r❡❛❝❤ ✐♥ ❛♥ ❡♥❝♦✉♥t❡r✦
✖✖
✹✳ ❲❤♦ ❬✐s❪ ❝❛❧❧❡❞ ✉♣♦♥ ❜② t❤♦s❡ ✇❤♦ ❛r❡ ❢❡✇✱
❛♥❞ t❤♦s❡ ✇❤♦ ❛r❡ ♠❛♥②✱
✇❤♦ ❬✐s❪ ✜♥❞✐♥❣✲♠❡♥t❛❧✲s♣❛❝❡ ✐♥ ❛♥ ❛❞✈❡rs✐t②✱
❛t ❛ ♣r❡✈❛✐❧✐♥❣ ♦✈❡r ♠❡♥✱
❤✐♠✱ t❤❡ ♠❛♥ ✇❤♦ ♥♦✇❛❞❛②s
✐s ❦♥♦✇♥ t♦ ♣r♦❝✉r❡ ❬t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡❪ ❛t ❜✐t✐♥❣ ✱
✹
Indra✱ ✇❡ ✇♦✉❧❞ ♠❛❦❡ ❝♦♠✐♥❣ ❤✐t❤❡r✇❛r❞ t♦ ❤❡❧♣✳
✺✳ ❙✐♥❝❡ ■ ❤❛✈❡ ❤❡❛r❞ t❤❡❡ ♣✉❧❧✐♥❣ s❡❧❢ ❬❢r♦♠ ✜❣❤ts❪✱
♥♦t ❣✐✈✐♥❣ ✇❛② ❬t♦ ❝❛❧❧s❪✱ ❖ r❡s❡♠❜❧✐♥❣ ❛ ❜✉❧❧✱
❬❛♥❞❪ ✏✐♥s♣✐r✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♠❡❡❦✑✱
s❡t t❤②s❡❧❢ ❢r❡❡ ❢r♦♠ Kutsa ✐♥ t❤✐s ♠❛tt❡r✦ ❈♦♠❡ ❤❡r❡✦
❲❤② ✇♦✉❧❞ s♦♠❡♦♥❡ ❧✐❦❡ t❤❡❡ ❧✐❡ ❝❛✉❣❤t ✐♥ ♣✉❞❡♥❞❛ ♠✉❧✐❡❜r✐❛❄

✶ ❢❛✈♦✉r✐♥❣ ✉s t♦ ❣❛✐♥ ❛♥ ❛❞✈❛♥t❛❣❡

✷ ♣r♦❜✳ mūlādhāra ❝❛❦r❛
✸ ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s
✹ ❢♦r ❡①❛♠♣❧❡✱ ❜✐t✐♥❣ ❤✐s s❤✐❡❧❞ ❛s ❜❡rs❡r❦❡rs ❞✐❞
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✵✳✹✷

Kr..sn.a Āṅgirasa | Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra

ásteva sú pratarám . lā´yamásyan

bhū´.sanniva prá bharā stómamasmai |
vācā´ viprāstarata vā´camaryó
nı́ rāmaya jaritah. sóma ı́ndram || 1 ||

dóhena gā´múpa śiks.ā sákhāyam .

prá bodhaya jaritarjārámı́ndram |
kóśam. ná pūrn.ám
. vásunā nyr̀..s.tam
ā´ cyāvaya maghadéyāya śū´ram || 2 ||

kı́maṅgá tvā maghavanbhojámāhuh.

. tvā śr.n.omi |
śiśı̄hı́ mā śiśayám
ápnasvatı̄ máma dh´ı̄rastu śakra
vasuvı́dam . bhágamindrā´ bharā nah. || 3 ||

tvā´m. jánā mamasatyés.vindra

sam . tasthānā´ vı́ hvayante samı̄ké |
átrā yújam. kr.n.ute yó havı́s.mān
nā´sunvatā sakhyám . vas..ti śū´rah. || 4 ||

dhánam . ná syandrám . bahulám . yó asmai

tı̄vrā´nsómām̃
. āsunóti práyasvān |
tásmai śátrūnsutúkānprātáráhno
nı́ svás..trānyuváti hánti vr.trám || 5 ||

yásminvayám . dadhimā´ śám

. samı́ndre
yáh. śiśrā´ya maghávā kā´mamasmé |
ārā´ccitsánbhayatāmasya śátrur
nyàsmai dyumnā´ jányā namantām || 6 ||
 ✶✷✵✼

✶✳ ▲✐❦❡ ❛ s❤♦♦t❡r t❤r♦✇✐♥❣ ♣❛ss✐♥❣ ♦✈❡r ❬♣r❡✈✐♦✉s ♠❛r❦❪ ♠✐ss✐❧❡✱

❞♦ t❤♦✉✱ ✐♥ s♦♠❡ ♠❡❛s✉r❡ ✉s✐♥❣ ❡✛♦rts ❢♦r ❬t❤✐s❪✱
❜r✐♥❣ ❢♦rt❤ ❛ ❤②♠♥ ♦❢ ♣r❛✐s❡ ❢♦r t❤✐s ♦♥❡✦
■♥✇❛r❞❧②✲❡①❝✐t❡❞ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ s♣❡❡❝❤✱ ❞♦ ②❡ ❝❛rr② ♦✈❡r
t❤❡ s♣❡❡❝❤ ♦❢ t❤❡ r✐s✐♥❣ ✉♣✇❛r❞s ♦♥❡ ✦
✶
❖ ✐♥✈♦❦❡r✱ ❞♦ ❞❡t❛✐♥ Indra ❛t Soma ❬♣r❡ss✐♥❣❪✦
✷✳ ❉♦ t❤♦✉ s❡❡❦ t♦ ❡♥t✐❝❡ ❬❤✐s❪ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥
✷ t♦ ❝♦♠❡ ♥❡❛r
❬❧✐❦❡❪ ❛ ❝♦✇ ❬✐s ❡♥t✐❝❡❞❪ ❜② ♠✐❧❦✐♥❣✦
❉♦ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ ✐♥✈♦❦❡r✱ ✇❛❦❡ ✉♣ ❬✐ts❪ ♣❛r❛♠♦✉r Indra✦
❉♦ t❤♦✉ r❛tt❧❡ ❡♥❞♦✇❡❞ ✇✐t❤ ✇❤❛t✬s ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧
❧✐❦❡ ❛ ♣❛✐❧ ✜❧❧❡❞ ❬✇✐t❤ ✇❛t❡r❪
✸
❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡ ❬❢♦r ❤✐♠❪ t♦ ❜❡st♦✇ t❤❡ ❣✐❢t✦
✹
✸✳ ❲❤② ✐♥❞❡❡❞ t❤❡② ❝❛❧❧ t❤❡❡ ✱ ❖ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡✱ ❜♦✉♥t✐❢✉❧❄
❙❤❛r♣❡♥ ♠❡✦ ■ ❤❡❛r✱ t❤♦✉ ❛r❡ s❤❛r♣❡♥✐♥❣ ✦
✺
▼❛② ♠② ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥ ❜❡ ♣r♦✜t❛❜❧❡✱ ❖ ❡♠♣♦✇❡r✐♥❣ ♦♥❡✦
❇r✐♥❣ ❤❡r❡ ❢♦r ✉s ❦♥♦✇✐♥❣✲✇❤❛t✬s✲❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧ ♣❛tr♦♥
✻ ✖
❖ Indra✦
✹✳ ❋♦❧❦s ✐♥ ❛ str✉❣❣❧❡ ❢♦r ✏✇❤❛t✬s ♠✐♥❡✑ ✱
✼
st❛♥❞✐♥❣ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ❞✉r✐♥❣ ❛ ❤♦st✐❧❡ ❡♥❝♦✉♥t❡r✱
✈✐❡ ✐♥ ❝❛❧❧✐♥❣ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Indra✦
■♥ s✉❝❤ ♠❛tt❡rs✱ ❤❡ ♠❛❦❡s ❬❤✐s❪ ②♦❦❡✲♠❛t❡
❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ❤❛s ♦❜❧❛t✐♦♥s✱
t❤❡ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡ ❞♦❡s ♥♦t ✇❛♥t ❧✐❦❡✲♠✐♥❞❡❞♥❡ss
✇✐t❤ ♥♦♥✲♣r❡ss✐♥❣❬✲Soma❪ ♦♥❡✳
✺✳ ❲❤♦✱ ❞✐s♣❡♥s✐♥❣ ❞❡❧✐❣❤ts✱ ♣r❡ss❡s ❢♦r ❤✐♠ ♣✉♥❣❡♥t Soma ❥✉✐❝❡s
❛s ❛♥ ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥t ❬❜✉t❪ tr❛♥s✐t♦r② ♣r✐③❡✱
❢♦r ❤✐♠ ❛t ❞❛②✲❜r❡❛❦✱ ❤❡ ❜✐♥❞s ❞♦✇♥
❡❛s②✲t♦✲♣✉s❤✲❛s✐❞❡✱ ❡❛s②✲t♦✲❣♦❛❞ ❡♥❡♠✐❡s❀ ❤❡ s❧❛②s Vr.tra✳
✻✳ ■♥t♦ ✇❤♦♠ ✇❡ ♣❧❛❝❡ ❬t❤✐s❪ s♣❡❧❧ ✖ ✐♥t♦ Indra ✖
✇❤♦✱ ❜❡✐♥❣ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s✱ ❤❛s ❢❛st❡♥ ❬❤✐s❪ ❧♦♥❣✐♥❣ t♦ ✉s✱
❧❡t ❤✐s ❡♥❡♠②✱ ❡✈❡♥ ❜❡✐♥❣ ❢❛r ❛✇❛②✱ ❜❡ ❛❢r❛✐❞✦
▲❡t t♦✲❜❡✲❜♦r♥ ♣♦✇❡rs
✽ t♦ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t❡ s✉❜♠✐t t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s t♦ ❤✐♠✦

✶ ✐♥♥❡r Soma
✷ ✐♥♥❡r Soma ✖ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✾✳✾✻✳✷❝
✸ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✹✳✷✵✳✻❞
✹ Soma
✺ t❛❦✐♥❣ śiśaya ❛s ✏s❤❛r♣❡♥✐♥❣✑ ❢♦❧❧♦✇s ❬❏❛♠✐s♦♥ ❛♥❞ ❇r❡r❡t♦♥✱ ✷✵✶✹✱ ♣✳✶✹✹✻❪
✻ Indra
✼ ❢♦❧❧♦✇✐♥❣ ❬❏❛♠✐s♦♥ ❛♥❞ ❇r❡r❡t♦♥✱ ✷✵✶✹✱ ♣✳✶✹✹✻❪
✽ ♣♦✇❡rs ♦❢ s❡♥s❡s
✶✷✵✽

ārā´chátrumápa bādhasva dūrám

ugró yáh. śámbah. puruhūta téna |
asmé dhehi yávamadgómadindra
kr.dh´ı̄ dhı́yam. jaritré vā´jaratnām || 7 ||

prá yámantárvr..sasavā´so ágman

tı̄vrā´h. sómā bahulā´ntāsa ı́ndram |
nā´ha dāmā´nam . maghávā nı́ yam . san
nı́ sunvaté vahati bhū´ri vāmám || 8 ||

utá prahā´matid´ı̄vyā jayāti

. yáchvaghn´ı̄ vicinóti kālé |
kr.tám
yó devákāmo ná dhánā run.addhi
. rāyā´ sr.jati svadhā´vān || 9 ||
sámı́ttám

góbhis..taremā´matim . durévām
.
yávena ks.údham . puruhūta vı́śvām |
vayám . rā´jabhih. prathamā´ dhánānyasmā´kena
vr.jánenā jayema || 10 ||

bŕ.haspátirnah. pári pātu paścā´d

utóttarasmādádharādaghāyóh. |
ı́ndrah. purástādutá madhyató nah.
sákhā sákhibhyo várivah. kr.n.otu || 11 ||
 ✶✷✵✾

✼✳ ❋r♦♠ ❛❢❛r r❡♣❡❧ ❡♥❡♠② ❢❛r ❛✇❛②

✇✐t❤ t❤❛t ✇❤✐❝❤ ❬✐s❪ ❛ ❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s ♠❛❝❡✭❄✮✱ ❖ ♠✉❝❤ ✐♥✈♦❦❡❞ ♦♥❡✦
P✉t ✐♥t♦ ✉s r✐❝❤✲✐♥✲❝♦✇s r✐❝❤✲✐♥✲❜❛r❧❡② ❬tr❡❛s✉r❡❪✱ ❖ Indra✦
❊✛❡❝t ❢♦r ✐♥✈♦❦❡r ✈✐s✐♦♥ ✇❤✐❝❤ ❤❛s ❛ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r ❢♦r ❛ ❥❡✇❡❧✦
✽✳ ❚♦ ✇❤♦♠ s❡tt✐♥❣✲✐♥✲♠♦t✐♦♥✲t❤❡✲❜✉❧❧ ♦♥❡s✱ ♣✉♥❣❡♥t Soma ❥✉✐❝❡s✱
❛♠♣❧❡✲t♦✲t❤❡✲❡♥❞ ✱ s❡t ♦✉t ✐♥s✐❞❡ ✖ t♦ Indra✱
✾
s✉r❡❧② ❬❤❡✱❪ t❤❡ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡✱ ✇♦✉❧❞ ♥♦t ❤♦❧❞ ❜❛❝❦ ❛ ❣✐✈❡r✱
t♦ ❛ ♣r❡ss✐♥❣ Soma ♦♥❡ ❤❡ ❝♦♥✈❡②s ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥t ❧♦✈❡❧② ❬tr❡❛s✉r❡❪✳
✾✳ ❆♥❞ ❤❡ ✱ ♠❛❦✐♥❣ st❛❦❡s ❤✐❣❤❡r✱ ✇✐♥s t❤❡ st❛❦❡✱
✶✵
✇❤❡♥ ❛ ❣❛♠❜❧❡r ✇✐t❤ ❛ ✇✐♥♥✐♥❣ t❤r♦✇ ♦❢ ❞✐❝❡ ✶✶
❧❡ts ❞✐❝❡ t♦ r♦❧❧ ♦✉t ❛t ❛ ✜①❡❞ t✐♠❡✳
❲❤♦✱ ❧♦♥❣✐♥❣ ❢♦r t❤❡ deva✱ ❞♦❡s ♥♦t ❤♦❧❞ ❞♦✇♥ st❛❦❡s✱
❤✐♠ ❤❡ ✱ ✇❤♦ ❤❛s t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r ♦❢ s❡❧❢✲❞❡t❡r♠✐♥❛t✐♦♥✱
✶✷
♣r❡s❡♥ts ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡✳
✶✵✳ ❲❡ ♠✐❣❤t ♦✈❡r❝♦♠❡ ♠❛❧✐❣♥❛♥t ✐♠♣✉❧s✐✈❡♥❡ss ✇✐t❤ ❝♦✇s ✱ ✶✸
❬✇❡ ♠✐❣❤t ♦✈❡r❝♦♠❡❪ ❛❧❧ ❤✉♥❣❡r ✇✐t❤ ❜❛r❧❡②✱
❖ ♠✉❝❤ ✐♥✈♦❦❡❞ ♦♥❡✦
❲❡✱ ❜❡✐♥❣ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ❝❤✐❡❢t❛✐♥s ♣r✐♠❛r② ❬❝♦♥t❡♥❞❡rs❪✱
❬♠✐❣❤t ✇✐♥❪ t❤❡ ♣r✐③❡s✱
❚♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ♦✉r s❛❝r✐✜❝✐❛❧ ❝✐r❝❧❡ ✇❡ ♠✐❣❤t ✇✐♥✦
✶✶✳ ▼❛② Br.haspati ♣r♦t❡❝t ✉s ♦✈❡r❛❧❧ ✖ ❢r♦♠ ❜❡❤✐♥❞✱
❛♥❞ ❢r♦♠ ❛❜♦✈❡✱ ❢r♦♠ ❜❡❧♦✇ ✖ ❢r♦♠ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ✐♥t❡♥❞s ✐❧❧✦
❆♥❞ ❬♠❛②❪ Indra ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ❝❡♥t❡r ❬♣r♦t❡❝t ✉s❪ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ❢r♦♥t✦
✶✹
❆ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥ ✇✐t❤ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s✱
♠❛② ❤❡ ❝r❡❛t❡ ❬❢r❡❡ ❢r♦♠ ❞✐str❡ss❪ ♠❡♥t❛❧ s♣❛❝❡✦
✶✺

✾ ❢♦❧❧♦✇✐♥❣ ❬❏❛♠✐s♦♥ ❛♥❞ ❇r❡r❡t♦♥✱ ✷✵✶✹✱ ♣✳✶✹✹✻❪

✶✵ t♦ ✇❤♦♠ Indra ❤❛s ❝♦♥✈❡②❡❞ ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥t ❧♦✈❡❧② tr❡❛s✉r❡
✶✶ ❛ss✉♠✐♥❣ ❛❢t❡r ❬❏❛♠✐s♦♥ ❛♥❞ ❇r❡r❡t♦♥✱ ✷✵✶✹✱ ♣✳✶✹✹✻❪ t❤❛t śvaghnin❂✏❛
❣❛♠❜❧❡r ✇✐t❤ ❛ ✇✐♥♥✐♥❣ t❤r♦✇ ♦❢ ❞✐❝❡✑
✶✷ Indra
✶✸ ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s
✶✹ ♣r♦❜✳ manipūra ❝❛❦r❛
.
✶✺ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✶✳✻✸✳✼❞
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✵✳✹✸

Kr..sn.a Āṅgirasa | ✶✕✾ Jagatı̄✱ ✶✵✕✶✶ Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra

áchā ma ı́ndram . matáyah. svarvı́dah.

sadhr´ı̄cı̄rvı́śvā uśat´ı̄ranūs.ata |
pári .svajante jánayo yáthā pátim .
máryam . ná śundhyúm . maghávānamūtáye || 1 ||

ná ghā tvadrı́gápa veti me mánas

tvé ı́tkā´mam
. puruhūta śiśraya |
rā´jeva dasma nı́ .sadó ′dhi barhı́s.yasmı́n
sú sóme ′vapā´namastu te || 2 ||

vis.ūvŕ.dı́ndro ámaterutá ks.udháh.

sá ı́drāyó maghávā vásva ı̄śate |
tásyédimé pravan.é saptá sı́ndhavo
váyo vardhanti vr..sabhásya śus.mı́n.ah. || 3 ||

váyo ná vr.ks.ám. supalāśámā´sadan

sómāsa ı́ndram . mandı́naścamūs.ádah. |
práıs.āmánı̄kam. śávasā dávidyutad
vidátsvàrmánave jyótirā´ryam || 4 ||

. ná śvaghn´ı̄ vı́ cinoti dévane

kr.tám
sam . . yánmaghávā sū´ryam
várgam . jáyat |
ná tátte anyó ánu vı̄ryàm. śakan
ná purān.ó maghavannótá nū´tanah. || 5 ||
 ✶✷✶✶

✶✳ ▼② ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❣❡st✉r❡s ✖
✜♥❞✐♥❣✲svar✱ ❛❧❧ ❞✐r❡❝t❡❞ t♦ t❤❡ s❛♠❡ ❬❣♦❛❧❪✱ ❡❛❣❡r ✖
❤❛✈❡ ❢♦✉♥❞ t❤❡✐r ✇❛② t♦ Indra✳
❚❤❡② ❡♠❜r❛❝❡ ✖ ❛s ✇✐✈❡s ❬t❤❡✐r❪ ❤✉s❜❛♥❞ ✖
❛s ✐❢ ❬❡♠❜r❛❝✐♥❣❪ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ t♦ ❜❡ ❢r❡❡ ♦❢ ❞♦✉❜ts ②♦✉♥❣ ♠❛♥ ✖
t❤❡ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡ ❢♦r ❛ ❢❛✈♦✉r✳
✷✳ ▼② ♠✐♥❞ ❞♦❡s ♥♦t t✉r♥ ❛✇❛② ❢r♦♠ t❤❡❡✱
♠❛❦❡ ❬♠②❪ ❧♦♥❣✐♥❣ ❢❛st❡♥❡❞ t♦ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ ♠✉❝❤ ✐♥✈♦❦❡❞ ♦♥❡✦
❉♦ s✐t ❞♦✇♥ ❧✐❦❡ ❛ ❝❤✐❡❢t❛✐♥ ♦♥t♦ t❤❡ s❛❝r✐✜❝✐❛❧ ❣r❛ss✱
❖ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❧✐s❤✐♥❣ ✇♦♥❞❡r❢✉❧ ❞❡❡❞s ♦♥❡✱ ✦
❆t t❤✐s Soma ❬♣r❡ss✐♥❣❪✱ ♠❛② ✐t ❜❡ ❢♦r t❤❡❡ ❛ ♣❧❛❝❡ t♦ ❞r✐♥❦✦
✸✳ Indra✱ ❬❜❡✐♥❣❪ ✐♥❞✐✛❡r❡♥t t♦ ✐♠♣✉❧s✐✈❡♥❡ss ❛♥❞ ❤✉♥❣❡r✱
♦♥❧② ❤❡✱ t❤❡ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡✱ ✐s t❤❡ ♠❛st❡r ♦❢ ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧ tr❡❛s✉r❡✳
❏✉st ❤✐s s❡✈❡♥ str❡❛♠s ♦♥ ❛ ❞♦✇♥✲s❧♦♣❡ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥
♠❡♥t❛❧ ❛♥❞ ❜♦❞✐❧② ✈✐❣♦✉r ♦❢ ❛ ✜❡r② r❡s❡♠❜❧✐♥❣✲❛✲❜✉❧❧ ♦♥❡ ✳ ✶
✹✳ ▲✐❦❡ ❜✐r❞s ❬r❡❛❝❤ ❢♦r❪ ✇❡❧❧✲❡♥❞♦✇❡❞✲✇✐t❤✲❧❡❛✈❡s tr❡❡✱
s❡tt❧❡❞✲✐♥✲❜♦✇❧s ♣♦ss❡ss✐♥❣✲♦❢✲❞❡❧✐❣❤t Soma ❞r♦♣s
r❡❛❝❤❡❞ ❢♦r Indra✳
❖♥ t❤❡✐r ❛♣♣❡❛r❛♥❝❡✱ ✐t s❤❛❧❧ s❤✐♥❡ ❢♦rt❤✱ ✐t s❤❛❧❧ ✜♥❞ svar ✖
t❤❡ ❧✐❣❤t ✷
❬t❤❛t❪ ❢♦r ❛♥ ✐♥t❡❧❧✐❣❡♥t ❬♠❛♥❪ ❬✐s❪ ❝♦♥❞✉❝t✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡♠❪ ✉♣✇❛r❞s✳
✺✳ ▲✐❦❡ ❛ ❣❛♠❜❧❡r ✇✐t❤ ❛ ✇✐♥♥✐♥❣ t❤r♦✇ ♦❢ ❞✐❝❡ ✸
❞✉r✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❣❛♠❡ ❧❡ts ❞✐❝❡ t♦ r♦❧❧ ♦✉t✱
t❤❡ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡ ✐s ✇✐♥♥✐♥❣ ♦✈❡r t❤❡ r❛✈❡♥♦✉s s✉♥ ✳ ✹
❆♥♦t❤❡r ❬deva❪ s❤❛❧❧ ♥♦t ❜❡ ❛❜❧❡ t♦ ✐♠✐t❛t❡
s✉❝❤ ❞❡❡❞ ♦❢ ✈❛❧♦r ♦❢ t❤❡❡✱
♥❡✐t❤❡r ❛♥ ❛♥❝✐❡♥t ❬deva❪ ♥♦r ❛ ♠♦❞❡r♥ ♦♥❡✱
❖ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡✦

✶ ❛❞❡♣t ♦❢ Indra
✷ ❣♦❧❞❡♥ ❧✐❣❤t s❡❡♥ ❡✈❡♥ ✇✐t❤ ❡②❡s ❝❧♦s❡❞ ❞✉❡ t♦✱ ♣❡r❤❛♣s✱ s✉❞❞❡♥ ❤✐❣❤ ❧❡✈❡❧
♦❢ ❛❞r❡♥❛❧✐♥❡ ✐♥ ❜❧♦♦❞
✸ ❛ss✉♠✐♥❣ ❛❢t❡r ❬❏❛♠✐s♦♥ ❛♥❞ ❇r❡r❡t♦♥✱ ✷✵✶✹✱ ♣✳✶✹✹✻❪ t❤❛t śvaghnin❂✏❛
❣❛♠❜❧❡r ✇✐t❤ ❛ ✇✐♥♥✐♥❣ t❤r♦✇ ♦❢ ❞✐❝❡✑
✹ manipūra ❝❛❦r❛
.
✶✷✶✷

vı́śam. viśam
. maghávā páryaśāyata
jánānām . dhénā avacā´kaśadvŕ..sā |
yásyā´ha śakráh. sávanes.u rán.yati
´ . sómaih. sahate pr.tanyatáh. || 6 ||
sá tı̄vraıh

ā´po ná sı́ndhumabhı́ yátsamáks.aran

sómāsa ı́ndram . kulyā´ iva hradám |
várdhanti vı́prā máho asya sā´dane
yávam . ná vr..s.tı́rdivyéna dā´nunā || 7 ||

vŕ..sā ná kruddháh. patayadrájassvā´

yó aryápatnı̄rákr.n.odimā´ apáh. |
sá sunvaté maghávā jı̄rádānavé ′vindaj
jyótirmánave havı́s.mate || 8 ||

újjāyatām. paraśúrjyótis.ā sahá

bhūyā´ .rtásya sudúghā purān.avát |
vı́ rocatāmarus.ó bhānúnā śúcih.
svàrn.á śukrám. śuśucı̄ta sátpatih. || 9 ||

góbhis..taremā´matim . durévām
.
yávena ks.údham . puruhūta vı́śvām |
vayám . rā´jabhih. prathamā´ dhánānyasmā´kena
vr.jánenā jayema || 10 ||

bŕ.haspátirnah. pári pātu paścā´d

utóttarasmādádharādaghāyóh. |
ı́ndrah. purástādutá madhyató nah.
sákhā sákhibhyo várivah. kr.n.otu || 11 ||
 ✶✷✶✸

✻✳ ❚❤❡ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡ ❤❛s st♦♣♣❡❞ ❜② ❡✈❡r② ❝❧❛♥✳

✺
❚❤❡ ❜✉❧❧ s❤❛❧❧ ❦❡❡♣ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st✐♥❣ ♥♦✉r✐s❤✐♥❣ str❡❛♠s ♦❢ t❤❡ ❢♦❧❦s✳
✻
■♥ ✇❤♦s❡ ♣r❡ss✐♥❣s t❤❡ ❡♠♣♦✇❡r✐♥❣ ♦♥❡ t❛❦❡s ♣❧❡❛s✉r❡✱
❤❡✱ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ❤❡❧♣ ♦❢ ♣✉♥❣❡♥t Soma ❞r♦♣s✱
♦✈❡r♣♦✇❡rs t❤♦s❡ ✇❤♦ ❛ss❛✐❧ ❬❤✐♠❪✳
✼
✼✳ ❆s ✇❛t❡rs ❬s✇❡❧❧❪ ❛ r✐✈❡r
✇❤❡♥ t❤❡② ✢♦✇ ❛t t❤❡ s❛♠❡ t✐♠❡ t♦✇❛r❞s ❬✐t❪✱
Soma ❬❞r♦♣s❪ ❬s✇❡❧❧❪ Indra ❧✐❦❡ ❜r♦♦❦s ❬✢♦✇✐♥❣ t♦✇❛r❞s❪ ❛ ♣♦♦❧✳
■♥✇❛r❞❧②✲❡①❝✐t❡❞ ♦♥❡s✱ ✇❤❡♥ ✇❡❛r②✱ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥ ❤✐s ♠✐❣❤t
❧✐❦❡ r❛✐♥ ❬str❡♥❣t❤❡♥s❪ ❜❛r❧❡② ✇✐t❤ ❝❡❧❡st✐❛❧ ❞❡✇✳
✽✳ ■rr✐t❛t❡❞ ❧✐❦❡ ❛ ❬❝❤❛❧❧❡♥❣❡❞❪ ❜✉❧❧✱
❤❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❞❡s❝❡♥❞ ✉♣♦♥ ❞❛r❦❡♥✐♥❣ ❡♠♦t✐♦♥s✱
❤❡✱ ✇❤♦ ♠❛❞❡ t❤❡s❡ ✇❛t❡rs ♠✐str❡ss❡s ♦❢ t❤❡ r✐s✐♥❣ ✉♣✇❛r❞s ♦♥❡ ✳✽
❍❡✱ t❤❡ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡✱ ❞✐❞ ✜♥❞ t❤❡ ❧✐❣❤t
❢♦r q✉✐❝❦✲t♦✲❜❡st♦✇ ♣r❡ss✐♥❣✲❬Soma❪ ❬✇♦rs❤✐♣❡r❪ ✖
❢♦r ♦✛❡r✐♥❣ ❧✐❜❛t✐♦♥s✱ ✐♥t❡❧❧✐❣❡♥t ♦♥❡✳
✾✳ ▲❡t t❤❡ ❛① ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ❧✐❣❤t✦
✾
▼❛② t❤♦✉ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ②✐❡❧❞✐♥❣✲♠✉❝❤ ♠✐❧❦ ❬❝♦✇❪ ♦❢ .rta ✖ ❛s ♦❢ ♦❧❞✦
▲❡t ✐t ✱ t❡♠♣❡r❡❞✱ ❣❧❡❛♠✐♥❣ ✇✐t❤ ❧✉str❡✱ s❤✐♥❡ ❢♦rt❤✦
✶✵
❚❤❡ ♦✈❡rs❡❡r ♦❢ ✇❤❛t✬s r❡❛❧
s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ s❤✐♥❡❞ ♣✉r❡ ❧✐❦❡ svàr ❬❧✐❣❤t❪✳
✶✵✳ ❲❡ ♠✐❣❤t ♦✈❡r❝♦♠❡ ♠❛❧✐❣♥❛♥t ✐♠♣✉❧s✐✈❡♥❡ss ✇✐t❤ ❝♦✇s ✱ ✶✶
❬✇❡ ♠✐❣❤t ♦✈❡r❝♦♠❡❪ ❛❧❧ ❤✉♥❣❡r ✇✐t❤ ❜❛r❧❡②✱
❖ ♠✉❝❤ ✐♥✈♦❦❡❞ ♦♥❡✦
❲❡✱ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ❝❤✐❡❢t❛✐♥s ❜❡✐♥❣ ♣r✐♠❛r② ❬❝♦♥t❡♥❞❡rs❪✱
❬♠✐❣❤t ✇✐♥❪ t❤❡ ♣r✐③❡s✱
❚♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ♦✉r s❛❝r✐✜❝✐❛❧ ❝✐r❝❧❡ ✇❡ ♠✐❣❤t ✇✐♥✦
✶✶✳ ▼❛② Br.haspati ♣r♦t❡❝t ✉s ♦✈❡r❛❧❧ ✖ ❢r♦♠ ❜❡❤✐♥❞✱
❛♥❞ ❢r♦♠ ❛❜♦✈❡✱ ❢r♦♠ ❜❡❧♦✇ ✖ ❢r♦♠ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ✐♥t❡♥❞s ✐❧❧✦
❆♥❞ ❬♠❛②❪ Indra ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ❝❡♥t❡r ❬♣r♦t❡❝t ✉s❪ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ❢r♦♥t✦
✶✷
❆ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥ ✇✐t❤ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s✱
♠❛② ❤❡ ❝r❡❛t❡ ❬❢r❡❡ ❢r♦♠ ❞✐str❡ss❪ ♠❡♥t❛❧ s♣❛❝❡✦
✶✸

✺ ❧✐t✳ ✏❝❛♠❡ t♦ r❡st✱ r❡♣♦s❡❞ ✐♥ ❛ s✉✣❝✐❡♥t ♠❛♥♥❡r✑

✻ Soma
✼ Śusna✱ Śambara✱ ❡t❝✳
..
✽ ✐♥♥❡r Soma
✾ ♣r♦❜✳ t❤❡ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t
✶✵ t❤❡ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t
✶✶ ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s
✶✷ ♣r♦❜✳ manipūra ❝❛❦r❛
.
✶✸ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✶✳✻✸✳✼❞
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✵✳✹✹

Kr..sn.a Āṅgirasa | ✹✕✾ Jagatı̄✱ ✶✕✸✱ ✶✵✕✶✶ Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra

ā´ yātvı́ndrah. svápatirmádāya

yó dhárman.ā tūtujānástúvis.mān |
pratvaks.ān.ó áti vı́śvā sáhām
. syapārén.a
mahatā´ vŕ..sn.yena || 1 ||

sus..thā´mā ráthah. suyámā hárı̄ te

mimyáks.a vájro nr.pate gábhastau |
ś´ı̄bham. rājansupáthā´ yāhyarvā´ṅ
várdhāma te papús.o vŕ..sn.yāni || 2 ||

éndravā´ho nr.pátim
. vájrabāhum
ugrámugrā´sastavis.ā´sa enam |
prátvaks.asam. vr..sabhám. satyáśus.mam
émasmatrā´ sadhamā´do vahantu || 3 ||

evā´ pátim. dron.asā´cam

. sácetasam
ūrjá skambhám . dharún.a ā´ vr..sāyase |
ójah. kr..sva sám
. gr.bhāya tvé ápyáso
yáthā kenipā´nāminó vr.dhé || 4 ||

gámannasmé vásūnyā´ hı́ śám . sis.am.

svāśı́s.am
. bháram ´
ā yāhi somı́nah . |
tvámı̄śis.e sā´smı́nnā´ satsi barhı́s.yanādhr..syā´
táva pā´trān.i dhárman.ā || 5 ||
 ✶✷✶✺

✶✳ ▼❛② Indra✱ ✇❤♦ ✐s ❤✐s ♦✇♥ ♠❛st❡r✱

❥♦✉r♥❡② ❤❡r❡ ❢♦r ❛♥ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t✐♦♥ ✖
❬❤❡✱❪ ✇❤♦✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝♦♥tr♦❧✱
❬✐s❪ ❡✈❡r ✉r❣✐♥❣ ❜② ❤✐s ✈❡r② ♥❛t✉r❡✱
❬✇❤♦ ✐s❪ s❤❛♣✐♥❣ ❬♦♥❡✬s ♣♦✇❡rs❪ ❜❡②♦♥❞ ❛❧❧ ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ ♣♦✇❡rs
t❤r♦✉❣❤ ❬❤✐s❪ ❜♦✉♥❞❧❡ss ❡①t❡♥s✐✈❡ ♠❛♥❧✐♥❡ss✳
✷✳ ❚❤❡ ❝❤❛r✐♦t ❤❛s ❛ ✜r♠ ❢r❛♠❡✱
t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s ❬❛r❡❪ ❡❛s② t♦ r❡str❛✐♥ ❢♦r t❤❡❡✱
t❤❡ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t ❤❛s ❜❡❡♥ ♣r❡s❡♥t ✐♥ ❬t❤✐s❪ ❤❛♥❞✱
❖ ♦✈❡rs❡❡r ♦❢ ♠❡♥✦
❈♦♠✐♥❣ ❤✐t❤❡r✇❛r❞✱ ❥♦✉r♥❡② ❤❡r❡ q✉✐❝❦❧②✱ ❖ ❝❤✐❡❢t❛✐♥✱
❛❧♦♥❣ ❛♥ ❡❛s② ♣❛t❤✇❛②✦
▲❡t ✉s str❡♥❣t❤❡♥ ♠❛♥❧② ♣♦✇❡rs ♦❢ t❤❡❡
✇❤♦ ❤❛s ❞r✉♥❦ ❬Soma❪✦
✸✳ ❍❡r❡ ❬❛r❡❪ ✈✐♦❧❡♥t ✐♥✲❝♦♥tr♦❧ ❬Marut✲s❪ ❝♦♥✈❡②✐♥❣ Indra ✖
❤✐♠✱ ❬✇❤♦ ✐s❪ ❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲✐♥✲❛r♠s ♦✈❡rs❡❡r ♦❢ ♠❡♥✳
▲❡t ❞r✐♥❦✐♥❣ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s ❝♦♥✈❡② ❤✐♠ ❤❡r❡✱ t♦ ✉s✱
❬❤✐♠✱❪ s❤❛♣✐♥❣ ❬♦♥❡✬s ♣♦✇❡rs❪✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❣❡♥✉✐♥❡ ❢❡r✈♦r✱
r❡s❡♠❜❧✐♥❣✲❛✲❜✉❧❧ ♦♥❡✦
✹✳ ❘❡❛❧❧②✱ ✐♥ t❤❡ ❢♦✉♥❞❛t✐♦♥ t❤♦✉ ❛❝t ❧✐❦❡ ❛ ❜✉❧❧
✶
t♦✇❛r❞s ❛ss♦❝✐❛t❡❞ ✇✐t❤ ❛ ✇♦♦❞❡♥ ✈❡ss❡❧ ✐♥t❡❧❧✐❣❡♥t ♣r♦t❡❝t♦r ✱ ✷
❬✇❤♦ ✐s❪ t❤❡ ♣✐❧❧❛r ♦❢ str❡♥❣t❤✳
❈❛✉s❡ ❢r❡♥③②✦ ❆❧s♦✱ ❛❝❝❡♣t ✐♥t♦ t❤②s❡❧❢ ❬t❤❡ ❤♦♥❡②❪ ✦ ✸
❚♦ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥✱ t❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡
❛s ✐❢ ✐♥✈✐❣♦r❛t✐♥❣ ♦❢ t❤♦s❡ ✇❤♦ ❦❡❡♣ ✇❛t❝❤ ✳ ✹
✺✳ ❙✐♥❝❡ ■ s❤❛❧❧ r❡❝✐t❡ ❬❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s❪✱
❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧ t❤✐♥❣s s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡ ❝♦♠✐♥❣ t♦ ✉s✳
❏♦✉r♥❡② ❤❡r❡ t♦ ✇❡❧❧✲♠✐①❡❞ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣ ♦❢ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ♦✛❡rs Soma✦
❚❤♦✉ ❛r❡ ✐♥ ❝♦♠♠❛♥❞✳ ❇❡✐♥❣ s✉❝❤✱
♣r❡s✐❞❡ ♦✈❡r t❤✐s s❛❝r✐✜❝✐❛❧ ❣r❛ss✦
❚❤② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ♣r♦t❡❝t✐♦♥
❜② t❤❡✐r ✈❡r② ♥❛t✉r❡ ❛r❡ ♥♦t t♦ ❜❡ ♠❡❞❞❧❡❞ ✇✐t❤✳
✖✖

✶ ♣r♦❜✳ mūlādhāra ❝❛❦r❛

✷ Soma
✸ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✽✳✶✼✳✺❝
✹ kenipa❂ ✏♦♥❡ ✇❤♦ ❦❡❡♣s ✇❛t❝❤✑ ✐s ❢♦❧❧♦✇✐♥❣ ❬❏❛♠✐s♦♥ ❛♥❞ ❇r❡r❡t♦♥✱ ✷✵✶✹✱
♣✳✶✹✹✾❪
✶✷✶✻

pŕ.thakprā´yanprathamā´ deváhūtayó ′kr.n.vata

śravasyā`ni dus..tárā |
ná yé śekúryajñı́yām. nā´vamārúham
ı̄rmáıvá té nyaviśanta képayah. || 6 ||

eváıvā´pāgápare santu dūd.hyó ′śvā

. duryúja āyuyujré |
yés.ām
itthā´ yé prā´gúpare sánti dāváne
purū´n.i yátra vayúnāni bhójanā || 7 ||

gir´ı̄m̃. rájrānréjamānām̃
. adhārayad
dyauh ´ . krandadantáriks.ān.i kopayat |
samı̄cı̄né dhis.án.e vı́ .skabhāyati
vŕ..sn.ah. pı̄tvā´ máda ukthā´ni śam
. sati || 8 ||

imám. bibharmi súkr.tam. te aṅkuśám

.
yénārujā´si maghavañchaphārújah. |
asmı́nsú te sávane astvokyàm.
´ maghavanbodhyā´bhagah. || 9 ||
sutá is..tau

góbhis..taremā´matim . durévām
.
yávena ks.údham . puruhūta vı́śvām |
vayám . rā´jabhih. prathamā´ dhánānyasmā´kena
vr.jánenā jayema || 10 ||

bŕ.haspátirnah. pári pātu paścā´d

utóttarasmādádharādaghāyóh. |
ı́ndrah. purástādutá madhyató nah.
sákhā sákhibhyo várivah. kr.n.otu || 11 ||
 ✶✷✶✼

✻✳ ❊❛r❧✐❡st ✐♥✈♦❝❛t✐♦♥s ♦❢ deva✲s ♣r♦❝❡❡❞❡❞ s❡♣❛r❛t❡❧②❀

t❤❡② ❡✛❡❝t❡❞ ❞✐✣❝✉❧t✲t♦✲s✉r♣❛ss ✇♦rt❤② ♦❢ ❢❛♠❡ ❞❡❡❞s✳
❚❤♦s❡✱ ✇❤♦ ✇❡r❡ ♥♦t ❛❜❧❡ t♦ ♠♦✉♥t ✇♦rt❤②✲♦❢✲❛✲s❛❝r✐✜❝❡ s❤✐♣✱
t❤❡②✱ s❤❛❦✐♥❣✱ ❞❡s❝❡♥❞❡❞ ❬❢r♦♠ t❤❡ st❛t❡ ♦❢ ❡❧❡✈❛t✐♦♥❪
t♦ ❡✈❡r ✐♥st✐❣❛t✐♥❣ ❬♦t❤❡rs❪✳
✼✳ ❏✉st s♦✱ ❧❡t t❤♦s❡✱ ✇❤♦s❡ ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥s ✇❡r❡ ✐♥❢❡r✐♦r✱
❬❜✉t❪ ✇❤♦s❡ ❞✐✣❝✉❧t✲t♦✲②♦❦❡ ❤♦rs❡s ❤❛✈❡ ❥♦✐♥❡❞ ❬❛ ✜❣❤t❪✱
❜❡ ❢♦❧❧♦✇✐♥❣ ❬t❤♦✉❣❤❪ ❜❡✐♥❣ ❜❡❤✐♥❞✳
❚❤✉s t❤♦s❡ ✇❤♦ ❛r❡ ✐♥ ❢r♦♥t ❬✐♥ t❤❡ ✜❣❤t❪ ❛r❡ ♥❡❛r❡r
✐♥ ♦r❞❡r t♦ r❡❝❡✐✈❡✱
✇❤❡♥ s♦✉r❝❡s ♦❢ ♣❧❡❛s✉r❡ ❬❛r❡❪ ♠❛♥② ❬❛♥❞❪ ❡♥t✐❝✐♥❣✳
✽✳ ❬❲❤❡♥❪ ♦♥❡ ♠❛❞❡ ✏♠♦✉♥t❛✐♥s✑
✺ t♦ r❡str❛✐♥ tr❡♠❜❧✐♥❣ ✏♣❧❛✐♥s✑ ✻ ✱
❬t❤❡♥❪ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ s❤❛❧❧ ❝❛❧❧ ♦✉t✱ ✐t s❤❛❧❧ ❝❛✉s❡ ✐♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ ♦♥❡s
✼
t♦ s✇❡❧❧ ✇✐t❤ r❛❣❡✳
❍❡ ❬t❤❡♥❪ ♣r♦♣s t✇♦ t❡♥❞✐♥❣ ✐♥ t❤❡ s❛♠❡ ❞✐r❡❝t✐♦♥
❡✛♦rts t♦ ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❡✳
❉r✐♥❦✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❜✉❧❧ ✱
✽
❤❡ r❡❝✐t❡s ✈❡rs❡s ✐♥ t❤❡ ❬r❡s✉❧t✐♥❣❪ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t✐♦♥✳
✖✖
✾✳ ■ ❝❛rr② ❢♦r t❤❡❡ t❤✐s ✇❡❧❧✲♠❛❞❡ ❤♦♦❦ ✇✐t❤ ✇❤✐❝❤ t❤♦✉✱
❖ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡✱ ❜r❡❛❦ ✉♣ t❤♦s❡ ✇❤♦ ❜r❡❛❦ ✉♣ ✇✐t❤ ❤♦♦❢s✳
▼❛② ✐t ❜❡ ❛ ❣♦♦❞ ❤♦♠❡ ❢♦r t❤❡❡ ❛t t❤✐s ♣r❡ss✐♥❣ ❬♦❢ Soma❪✦
❉✉r✐♥❣ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ ♣r❡ss❡❞ ❬Soma❪✱ ♠❛② t❤♦✉✱ ❖ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡✱
❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❡♥❞♦✇❡❞ ✇✐t❤ ❛ s❤❛r❡ ❬♦❢ ✐t❪✦
✶✵✳ ❲❡ ♠✐❣❤t ♦✈❡r❝♦♠❡ ♠❛❧✐❣♥❛♥t ✐♠♣✉❧s✐✈❡♥❡ss ✇✐t❤ ❝♦✇s ✱
✾
❬✇❡ ♠✐❣❤t ♦✈❡r❝♦♠❡❪ ❛❧❧ ❤✉♥❣❡r ✇✐t❤ ❜❛r❧❡②✱
❖ ♠✉❝❤ ✐♥✈♦❦❡❞ ♦♥❡✦
❲❡ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ❝❤✐❡❢t❛✐♥s ❜❡✐♥❣ ♣r✐♠❛r② ❬❝♦♥t❡♥❞❡rs❪
❬♠✐❣❤t ✇✐♥❪ t❤❡ ♣r✐③❡s✱
❚♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ♦✉r s❛❝r✐✜❝✐❛❧ ❝✐r❝❧❡ ✇❡ ♠✐❣❤t ✇✐♥✦
✶✶✳ ▼❛② Br.haspati ♣r♦t❡❝t ✉s ♦✈❡r❛❧❧ ✖ ❢r♦♠ ❜❡❤✐♥❞✱
❛♥❞ ❢r♦♠ ❛❜♦✈❡✱ ❢r♦♠ ❜❡❧♦✇ ✖ ❢r♦♠ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ✐♥t❡♥❞s ✐❧❧✦
❆♥❞ ❬♠❛②❪ Indra ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ❝❡♥t❡r
✶✵ ❬♣r♦t❡❝t ✉s❪ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ❢r♦♥t✦
❆ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥ ✇✐t❤ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s✱
♠❛② ❤❡ ❝r❡❛t❡ ❬❢r❡❡ ❢r♦♠ ❞✐str❡ss❪
✶✶ ♠❡♥t❛❧ s♣❛❝❡✦

✺ ♣❡rs♦♥❛❧ str❡♥❣t❤s t❤❛t ♠♦❜✐❧✐③❡ ❛♥❞ ♦r❣❛♥✐③❡ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❛♥❞ ❜♦❞✐❧② ✈✐❣♦✉r
✻ ♣❡rs♦♥❛❧ ✇❡❛❦♥❡ss❡s t❤❛t ♠❛❦❡ ♦♥❡ s✉❜❥❡❝t t♦ ❜❡ ♦✈❡rr✉♥ ❜② ❢❡❛rs
✼ ✈✐t❛❧ ❛✐rs
✽ Soma
✾ ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s
✶✵ ♣r♦❜✳ manipūra ❝❛❦r❛
.
✶✶ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✶✳✻✸✳✼❞
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✵✳✹✼

Saptagu Āṅgirasa | Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra

jagr.bhmā´ te dáks.in.amindra hástam .

vasūyávo vasupate vásūnām |
vidmā´ hı́ tvā gópatim. śūra gónām
asmábhyam . citrám
. vŕ..san.am . dāh. || 1 ||
. rayı́m

svāyudhám. svávasam . sunı̄thám .

cátuh.samudram . dharún . rayı̄n.ā´m |
. am
carkŕ.tyam
. śám
. syam. bhū´rivāram
asmábhyam . citrám
. vŕ..san.am. rayı́m . dāh. || 2 ||

subráhmān.am . devávantam . br.hántam

urúm. gabhı̄rám . pr.thúbudhnamindra |
śrutá ..r.simugrámabhimātis.ā´ham
asmábhyam . citrám
. vŕ..san.am . dāh. || 3 ||
. rayı́m

sanádvājam
. vı́pravı̄ram . tárutram .
dhanaspŕ.tam. śūśuvā´m
. sam . sudáks.am |
dasyuhánam . pūrbhı́damindra satyám
asmábhyam . citrám . vŕ..san.am. rayı́m. dāh. || 4 ||

áśvāvantam
. rathı́nam. vı̄rávantam .
sahasrı́n.am. . vā´jamindra |
śatı́nam
bhadrávrātam. vı́pravı̄ram . svars.ā´m
asmábhyam . citrám. . . . am
vŕ s an . rayı́m . dāh. || 5 ||
 ✶✷✶✾

✶✳ ❲❡✱ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ ❜❡♥❡✜ts✱ ❤❛✈❡ ❣r❛s♣❡❞ t❤②✱ ❖ Indra✱ r✐❣❤t ❤❛♥❞✱

❖ ♦✈❡rs❡❡r ♦❢ ❜❡♥❡✜ts ♦❢ t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡s✦
❙✐♥❝❡ ✇❡ ❤❛✈❡ ❦♥♦✇♥ t❤❡❡
❛s t❤❡ ♠❛st❡r ♦❢ ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s ✱
✶
❖ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱
t❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ ❣✐✈❡ ✉s ❝♦♥s♣✐❝✉♦✉s ✐♠♣r❡❣♥❛t✐♥❣ tr❡❛s✉r❡✳
✷✳ ❬❙✐♥❝❡ ✇❡ ❤❛✈❡ ❦♥♦✇♥ t❤❡❡ ❛s❪ ✇❡❧❧❛r♠❡❞✱
❛✛♦r❞✐♥❣ ❣♦♦❞ ♣r♦t❡❝t✐♦♥✱ ❣✉✐❞✐♥❣ ✇❡❧❧✱
❤❛✈✐♥❣✲❢♦✉r✲s❡❛s ❢♦✉♥❞❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ tr❡❛s✉r❡s✱
♣r❛✐s❡✇♦rt❤② ❬❛♥❞❪ t♦ ❜❡ ♠❡♥t✐♦♥❡❞ ✇✐t❤ ♣r❛✐s❡✱
♠✉❝❤ tr❡❛s✉r❡❞ ♦♥❡✱
t❤♦✉ ✇✐❧❧ ❣✐✈❡ ✉s ❝♦♥s♣✐❝✉♦✉s ✐♠♣r❡❣♥❛t✐♥❣ tr❡❛s✉r❡✳
✸✳ ❬❙✐♥❝❡ ✇❡ ❤❛✈❡ ❦♥♦✇♥ t❤❡❡ ❛s❪ ✇❡❧❧✲❬str❡♥❣t❤❡♥✐♥❣❪✲❛✲❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥✱
❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② deva✲s✱
❡①t❡♥s✐✈❡✱ ❧✐❦❡✲❛✲✇✐❞❡✲s♣❛❝❡✱ ❞❡❡♣✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣✲❛♥✲❡①t❡♥s✐✈❡✲❜❛s❡✱
❖ Indra✱ ❬❛s❪ ❢❛♠❡❞ ❜② s❡❡rs✱ ❬❛s❪ ❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s✱
♦✈❡r❝♦♠✐♥❣ t❤♦s❡ ✇❤♦ ✐♥t❡♥❞ t♦ ❤✉rt✱
t❤♦✉ ✇✐❧❧ ❣✐✈❡ ✉s ❝♦♥s♣✐❝✉♦✉s ✐♠♣r❡❣♥❛t✐♥❣ tr❡❛s✉r❡✳
✹✳ ❬❙✐♥❝❡ ✇❡ ❤❛✈❡ ❦♥♦✇♥ t❤❡❡ ❛s❪ ❜❡st♦✇✐♥❣ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱
❬❛s ♦♥❡❪ ✇❤♦s❡ ❤❡r♦❡s ❛r❡ ✐♥✇❛r❞❧②✲❡①❝✐t❡❞ ♦♥❡s✱
❬❛s❪ ❝❛rr②✐♥❣ ❛❝r♦ss✱
❬❛s❪ ❝❛rr②✐♥❣✲❛✇❛②✲♣r✐③❡s✱ ❬❛s❪ s✇❡❧❧❡❞✱
❬❛s❪ ✇❡❧❧✲❞✐s❝❡r♥✐♥❣✱ ✷
❬❛s❪ ❛ s❧❛②❡r ♦❢ t❤❡ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡ t♦ s✉✛❡r ✇❛♥t✱
❛s ❛ ❜r❡❛❦❡r ♦❢ str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞s✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❬❛s ❜❡✐♥❣❪ r❡❛❧✱
t❤♦✉ ✇✐❧❧ ❣✐✈❡ ✉s ❝♦♥s♣✐❝✉♦✉s ✐♠♣r❡❣♥❛t✐♥❣ tr❡❛s✉r❡✳
✺✳ ❬❙✐♥❝❡ ✇❡ ❤❛✈❡ ❦♥♦✇♥ t❤❡❡ ❛s❪ r✐❝❤ ✐♥ ❤♦rs❡s✱
r✐❝❤ ✐♥ ❤❡r♦❡s ❝❤❛r✐♦t❡❡r ✖
❬t❤♦✉ ✇✐❧❧ ❣✐✈❡ ✉s❪ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞✱
❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞ ❬♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❤❡❧♣✐♥❣❪ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱ ❖ Indra✱
❬❙✐♥❝❡ ✇❡ ❤❛✈❡ ❦♥♦✇♥ t❤❡❡ ❛s❪ ♦♥❡
✇❤♦s❡ tr♦♦♣ ❬❜r✐♥❣s❪ ❛ ❣♦♦❞ ❢♦rt✉♥❡✱
❬❛s ♦♥❡❪ ✇❤♦s❡ ❤❡r♦❡s ❛r❡ ✐♥✇❛r❞❧②✲❡①❝✐t❡❞ ♦♥❡s✱
❬❛s❪ ❣❛✐♥✐♥❣ svàr✱
t❤♦✉ ✇✐❧❧ ❣✐✈❡ ✉s ❝♦♥s♣✐❝✉♦✉s ✐♠♣r❡❣♥❛t✐♥❣ tr❡❛s✉r❡✳

✶ ❧✐t✳ ❝♦✇s
✷ t❤✐s ❧✐♥❡ ✐s t❤❡ s❛♠❡ ❛s ✻✳✶✾✳✽❜
✶✷✷✵

prá saptágumr.tádhı̄tim . sumedhā´m .

bŕ.haspátim . matı́ráchā jigāti |
yá āṅgirasó námasopasádyo ′smábhyam .
citrám. vŕ..san.am
. rayı́m. dāh. || 6 ||

vánı̄vāno máma dūtā´sa ı́ndram .

stómāścaranti sumat´ı̄riyānā´h. |
hr.dispŕ.śo mánasā vacyámānā
asmábhyam . citrám
. vŕ..san.am . dāh. || 7 ||
. rayı́m

yáttvā yā´mi daddhı́ tánna indra

br.hántam. ks.áyamásamam . jánānām |
abhı́ táddyā´vāpr.thiv´ı̄ gr.n.ı̄tām
asmábhyam . citrám. vŕ..san.am . dāh. || 8 ||
. rayı́m
 ✶✷✷✶

✻✳ ❬❋❛✈♦r❪ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❣♦♦❞ ✐♥t❡♥t Saptagu✱

✇❤♦s❡ ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥s ❬❛r❡❪ ❜❛s❡❞ ♦♥ .rta✦
▼❡♥t❛❧ ❣❡st✉r❡ ❛❞✈❛♥❝❡s t♦✇❛r❞s Br.haspati ✱
✇❤♦✱ ❜❡✐♥❣ ♦♥❡ ♦❢ aṅgiras✲❡s✱ ✐s t♦ ❜❡ ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤❡❞ r❡s♣❡❝t❢✉❧❧②✱
r❡✈❡r❡♥t❧②✳
❚❤♦✉ ✇✐❧❧ ❣✐✈❡ ✉s ❝♦♥s♣✐❝✉♦✉s ✐♠♣r❡❣♥❛t✐♥❣ tr❡❛s✉r❡✳
✼✳ ❍②♠♥s ♦❢ ♣r❛✐s❡ ✖ ♠② ❞❡♠❛♥❞✐♥❣ ♠❡ss❡♥❣❡rs ✖
r❡♣❡❛t❡❞❧② ❝♦♠✐♥❣ t♦ ❡✛❡❝t✐✈❡ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❣❡st✉r❡s✱
r♦❛♠ ❛❜♦✉t Indra ✖
❬t❤❡② ❛r❡❪ ♣♦✉r❡❞ ❢♦rt❤✱ ♠❡♥t❛❧❧② t♦✉❝❤✐♥❣✲t❤❡✲❤❡❛rt✳
❚❤♦✉ ✇✐❧❧ ❣✐✈❡ ✉s ❝♦♥s♣✐❝✉♦✉s ✐♠♣r❡❣♥❛t✐♥❣ tr❡❛s✉r❡✳
✽✳ ❲❤❛t ■ ❛s❦ ♦❢ t❤❡❡✱ ❣✐✈❡ t❤❛t t♦ ✉s✱ ❖ Indra✱
t❤❛t s♣❛❝✐♦✉s ✉♥❡q✉❛❧❡❞ ❛❜♦❞❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❢♦❧❦s
✇❤✐❝❤ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤ ✇❡❧❝♦♠❡❞ ♣r♦♣✐t✐♦✉s❧②✳
❚❤♦✉ ✇✐❧❧ ❣✐✈❡ ✉s ❝♦♥s♣✐❝✉♦✉s ✐♠♣r❡❣♥❛t✐♥❣ tr❡❛s✉r❡✳
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✵✳✹✽

Indra Vaikun..tha | ✶✕✻✱ ✽✕✾ Jagatı̄✱ ✼✱ ✶✵✕✶✶ Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra

ahám . bhuvam . vásunah. pūrvyáspátir

ahám . dhánāni . jayāmi śáśvatah. |
sám
mā´m. havante pitáram ′
. ná jantávo hám .
dāśús.e vı́ bhajāmi bhójanam || 1 ||

ahámı́ndro ródho váks.o átharvan.as

tritā´ya gā´ ajanayamáherádhi |
ahám . dásyubhyah. pári nr.mn.ámā´ dade
gotrā´ śı́ks.andadhı̄cé mātarı́śvane || 2 ||

máhyam . tvás..tā vájramataks.adāyasám

.
máyi devā´so ′vr.jannápi krátum |
mámā´nı̄kam. sū´ryasyeva dus..táram.
´ ´
māmāryanti kr.téna kártvena ca || 3 ||

ahámetám . gavyáyamáśvyam . paśúm

.
. sā´yakenā hiran.yáyam |
purı̄s.ı́n.am
purū´ sahásrā nı́ śiśāmi dāśús.e
yánmā sómāsa ukthı́no ámandis.uh. || 4 ||

ahámı́ndro ná párā jigya ı́ddhánam .

ná mr.tyávé ′va tasthe kádā caná |
sómamı́nmā sunvánto yācatā vásu
ná me pūravah. sakhyé ris.āthana || 5 ||

ahámetā´ñchā´śvasato dvā´dvéndram
.
′
yé vájram . yudháyé kr.n.vata |
āhváyamānām̃ . áva hánmanāhanam .
dr...dhā´ vádannánamasyurnamasvı́nah. || 6 ||
 ✶✷✷✸

✶✳ ■ s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ♣❡❡r❧❡ss ♦✈❡rs❡❡r ♦❢ ✇❤❛t✬s ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧❀

t✐♠❡ ❛♥❞ ❛❣❛✐♥ ■ ✇✐♥ ❝♦♠♣❧❡t❡❧②✳
❈r❡❛t✉r❡s ❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥ ♠❡ ❛s ✐❢ ✉♣♦♥ ❢❛t❤❡r✳
■ ❛♣♣♦rt✐♦♥ t♦ ❛ ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡r ❛ s♦✉r❝❡ ♦❢ ♣❧❡❛s✉r❡✳
✷✳ ■✱ Indra✱ ❬❛♠❪ t❤❡ ♠♦✉♥❞✱ t❤❡ ❜r❡❛st❬✲♣❧❛t❡❪ ♦❢ atharvan ✖
❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ♣r❡s❡♥❝❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ s♥❛❦❡
■ ❤❛✈❡ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❡❞ ❢♦r Trita✶ ✷
❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s ✳
■ ❤❛✈❡ t❛❦❡♥ ❛✇❛② ❢r♦♠ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡s t♦ s✉✛❡r ✇❛♥t
❝♦✉r❛❣❡ ❬❛♥❞❪ ✏❝♦✇s❤❡❞s✑ ✖
✇✐s❤✐♥❣ t♦ ❜❡ ❡✛❡❝t✐✈❡ ❢♦r Dadhyac✱
❬❛♥❞❪ ❢♦r ✏s✇❡❧❧✐♥❣ ✐♥ t❤❡ ♠♦t❤❡r✑ ♦♥❡ ✳
✸
✸✳ ❋♦r ♠❡ Tvas..t.r ❢❛s❤✐♦♥❡❞ ✐r♦♥ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✱
❛❧s♦✱ ✐♥ ♠❡
✹ deva✲s ♣✉❧❧ ✉♣ t❤❡ r❡s♦✉r❝❡❢✉❧♥❡ss✳
▼② ❛♣♣❡❛r❛♥❝❡ ✖ ❛s t❤❛t ♦❢ t❤❡ s✉♥ ✖ ❬✐s❪ ❞✐✣❝✉❧t t♦ s✉r♣❛ss✳
❲✐t❤ ✇❤❛t ✇❛s ❛♥❞ ✐s t♦ ❜❡ ❞♦♥❡ t❤❡② r❛✐s❡ ♠❡✳
✹✳ ❲✐t❤ ✇❤❛t✬s ✐♥t❡♥❞❡❞ ■ ❬r❛✐s❡❪ t❤✐s
❝♦♠✐♥❣✲❢r♦♠✲❝♦✇s
✺ ❝♦♠✐♥❣✲❢r♦♠✲❤♦rs❡s✻ ❜❡❛st ✖
♣r❡❡♠♣t✐✈❡ ❡♥❝❤❛♥t✐♥❣ ❬t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t❪❀
❢♦r ❛ ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡r ■ ✏❣r✐♥❞ ❞♦✇♥✑ ♠❛♥② t❤♦✉s❛♥❞s ✖
✇❤❡♥ Soma ❞r♦♣s ♦❢ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ✐s ✉tt❡r✐♥❣ ✈❡rs❡s ✐♥✢❛♠❡ ♠❡✳
✺✳ ■✱ Indra✱ ❤❛✈❡ ♥♦t ❜❡❡♥ r❡❛❧❧② ❞❡♣r✐✈❡❞ ♦❢ s♣♦✐❧s✱
■ ❤❛✈❡ ♥❡✈❡r st♦♦❞ ❞♦✇♥ ❢♦r t❤❡ ❞❡❛t❤✳
❨❡✱ ♣r❡ss✐♥❣ ♦♥❧② Soma✱ s❤❛❧❧ ❛s❦ ♠❡ ❢♦r t❤❡ ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧ t❤✐♥❣ ✖
❝♦♠♠♦♥❡rs✱ ✇❤♦ ❛r❡ ❧✐❦❡✲♠✐♥❞❡❞ ✇✐t❤ ♠❡✱ ✇♦✉❧❞ ♥♦t ❜❡ ❤✉rt✳
✻✳ ■ ❬❜r♦✉❣❤t t♦❣❡t❤❡r❪ t❤❡s❡
t✇♦✲❛❣❛✐♥st✲t✇♦ ❤❡❛✈②✲❜r❡❛t❤✐♥❣ ❬♠❡♥❪
✇❤♦ r❡♥❞❡r❡❞ Indra ❛s ❛ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t ✐♥ ♦r❞❡r t♦ ✜❣❤t✳
■ ❢❡♥❞❡❞ ♦✛ ✇✐t❤ ❛ str✐❦❡ t❤❛t ❦❡❡♣s str✐❦✐♥❣
❝❤❛❧❧❡♥❣✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡♠ ❞❡♠♦♥s❪✱
✐♥❞✐❝❛t✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡✐r❪ str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞s✱ ❬❜✉t❪ ♥♦t✲s❡❡❦✐♥❣✲❛❞♦r❛t✐♦♥✱
t♦ ❬t❤♦s❡ ✇❤♦ ❛r❡❪ ❢✉❧❧✲♦❢✲r❡✈❡r❡♥❝❡✳

✶ ♣r♦❜✳ t❤❡ t❤r♦❛t ❝❛❦r❛

✷ ❧✐t✳ ✏❝♦✇s✑
✸ Agni ✖ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✸✳✷✾✳✶✶❝
✹ t❤❛t ✐s✱ ✐♥ t❤❡ st❛t❡ ♦❢ Indra
✺ ❝♦♠✐♥❣ ❢r♦♠ ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s
✻ ❝♦♠✐♥❣ ❢r♦♠ ❞r♦♣s ♦❢ Soma
✶✷✷✹

abh`ı̄dámékaméko asmi nis..sā´..d

abh´ı̄ dvā´ kı́mu tráyah. karanti |
khále ná pars.ā´npráti hanmi bhū´ri
. mā nindanti śátravo nindrā´h. || 7 ||
′
kı́m

ahám . guṅgúbhyo atithigvámı́s.karam

ı́s.am . viks.ú dhārayam |
. ná vr.tratúram
yátparn.ayaghná utá vā karañjahé
prā´hám
. mahé vr.trahátye áśuśravi || 8 ||

prá me námı̄ sāpyá is.é bhujé bhūd

gávāmés.e sakhyā´ kr.n.uta dvitā´ |
didyúm . yádasya samithés.u mam . háyam
ā´dı́denam. śám
. syamukthyàm . karam || 9 ||

prá némasmindadr.śe sómo antár

gopā´ némamāvı́rasthā´ kr.n.oti |
sá tigmáśr.ṅgam
. vr..sabhám. yúyutsan
druhástasthau bahulé baddhó antáh. || 10 ||

ādityā´nām
. vásūnām
. rudrı́yān.ām
.
devó devā´nām. ná mināmi dhā´ma |
té mā bhadrā´ya śávase tataks.ur
áparājitamástr.tamás.ā..dham || 11 ||
 ✶✷✷✺

✼✳ ❆❣❛✐♥st t❤✐s ♦♥❡ ✱ ♦♥❡✲♦♥✲♦♥❡✱ ■ ❛♠ ♦✈❡r♣♦✇❡r✐♥❣ ✖

✼
❛♥❞ ❛❣❛✐♥st t✇♦ ❬t♦♦❪✳ ❲❤❛t ❡✈❡♥ t❤r❡❡ ❬❝♦✉❧❞❪ ❞♦❄
❆s ✐❢ ❬str✐❦✐♥❣❪ ❜✉♥❞❧❡s ♦♥ ❛ t❤r❡s❤✐♥❣ ✢♦♦r✱
■ str✐❦❡ ❛❣❛✐♥st ❬t❤❡♠❪ r❡♣❡❛t❡❞❧②✳
❉♦ ❧❛❝❦✐♥❣✲Indra ❡♥❡♠✐❡s ❜❧❛♠❡ ♠❡❄
✽✳ ❋♦r guṅgu✲s ■ ♣r❡♣❛r❡❞ Atithigva✳
■ s❤❛❧❧ ♠❛✐♥t❛✐♥ ❛♠♦♥❣ ❝❧❛♥s
❝♦♥t❡♥❞✐♥❣ ✇✐t❤ Vrtra ❬tr❡❛s✉r❡❪ ❛s ❛ r❡❢r❡s❤♠❡♥t✳
❆❧s♦✱ ■ ✇❛s ❧✐st❡♥❡❞ t♦.❢♦r ❡①t❡♥s✐✈❡ s❧❛②✐♥❣ ♦❢ Vr.tra✱
✇❤❡♥ ❞✉r✐♥❣ str✐❦✐♥❣ Karañja ❬✐t ✇❛s ♥❡❡❞❡❞❪ t♦ s❧❛② Parn.aya✳
✾✳ Namı̄ Sāpya s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❛ ♠❛st❡r
♦❢ ♠② r❡❢r❡s❤♠❡♥t t♦ ♠❛❦❡ ✉s❡ ❬♦❢ ✐t❪✳
❈❡rt❛✐♥❧②✱ ✐♥ ❣♦✐♥❣ ❛❢t❡r ❝♦✇s✱ ❤❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❡✛❡❝t ♣❛rt♥❡rs❤✐♣s✳
❲❤❡♥ ■ ✇✐❧❧ ❜❡st♦✇ ❤✐s ❧✐❣❤t♥✐♥❣❬✲❧✐❦❡ ♠✐ss✐❧❡❪
❞✉r✐♥❣ ❤♦st✐❧❡ ❡♥❝♦✉♥t❡rs✱
♦♥❧② ❛❢t❡r t❤❛t ■ s❤❛❧❧ ♠❛❦❡ ❤✐♠ ♣r❛✐s❡✇♦rt❤②
❬❛♥❞❪ t♦✲❜❡✲♣r❛✐s❡❞✳
✶✵✳ Soma ❤❛s ♦❜s❡r✈❡❞ ✇❤❛t✬s ✐♥s✐❞❡ ♦❢ ♥♦t✲t❤✐s✲♦♥❡ ❀
✽
t❤❡ ❣✉❛r❞✐❛♥ ♠❛❦❡s ♥♦t✲t❤✐s✲♦♥❡ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❧② ✉♥st❛❜❧❡✳
✾
❍❡✱ ✇❤♦ ✇✐s❤❡s t♦ ✜❣❤t r❡s❡♠❜❧✐♥❣ ❛ s❤❛r♣✲❤♦r♥❡❞ ❜✉❧❧ ✱✶✵
❤❛s r❡♠❛✐♥❡❞ ❜♦✉♥❞❡❞ ♠✐❞st ♥✉♠❡r♦✉s ❬♦❜st❛❝❧❡s❪ ♦❢ t❤❡ ✜❡♥❞✳
✶✶✳ ❬❚❤♦✉❣❤ ❜❡✐♥❣❪ t❤❡ deva ♦❢ deva✲s✱ ■ ❞♦ ♥♦t ♠♦❞❡r❛t❡
t❤❡ ❡st❛❜❧✐s❤❡❞ ♦r❞❡r ♦❢ Āditya✲s✱ ♦❢ Vasu✲s✱ ♦❢ Rudriya✲s✱
❬❜❡❝❛✉s❡❪ t❤❡② ❤❛✈❡ ❢❛s❤✐♦♥❡❞ ♠❡ ❢♦r ❛✉s♣✐❝✐♦✉s ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡
❬❛s❪ ✉♥❝♦♥q✉❡r❡❞✱ ✉♥❞✐str❛❝t❡❞✱ ✐♥✈✐♥❝✐❜❧❡✳

✼ Vrtra
.
✽ Vrtra
.
✾ Indra
✶✵ Soma
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✵✳✹✾

Indra Vaikun..tha | ✶✱ ✸✕✶✵ Jagatı̄✱ ✷✱ ✶✶ Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra

ahám . gr.n.até pū´rvyam

. dām . vásvahám
.
bráhma kr.n.avam . máhyam . várdhanam |
ahám. bhuvam . yájamānasya coditā´
yajvanah. sāks.i vı́śvasminbháre || 1 ||

mā´m
. dhurı́ndram . nā´ma devátā
diváśca gmáścāpā´m . ca jantávah. |
ahám. hárı̄ . . . vı́vratā raghū´
vŕ s an ā
ahám. vájram . śávase dhr..sn.vā´ dade || 2 ||

ahámátkam . kaváye śiśnatham . háthair

ahám. kútsamāvamābhı́rūtı́bhih. |
ahám. śús.n.asya śnáthitā vádharyamam .
ná yó rará ā´ryam. nā´ma dásyave || 3 ||

ahám. pitéva vetasū´m̃

. rabhı́s..taye
túgram. kútsāya smádibham . ca randhayam |
ahám. bhuvam . yájamānasya rājáni
prá yádbháre tújaye ná priyā´dhŕ..se || 4 ||

ahám
. randhayam . mŕ.gayam . śrutárvan.e
yánmā´jihı̄ta vayúnā canā´nus.ák |
′
ahám
. veśám . namrámāyáve karam
. sávyāya pád.gr.bhimarandhayam || 5 ||
ahám

ahám. sá yó návavāstvam . br.hádratham

.
. vr.tréva dā´sam
sám . vr.trahā´rujam |
yádvardháyantam . pratháyantamānus.ág
dūré pāré rájaso rocanā´karam || 6 ||
 ✶✷✷✼

✶✳ ■ ❜❡st♦✇❡❞ ✉♣♦♥ ❡①t♦❧❧✐♥❣ ❬♠❡❪ ♣❡❡r❧❡ss tr❡❛s✉r❡✱

■ s❤❛❧❧ ❝r❡❛t❡ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥ t❤❛t ✐s str❡♥❣t❤❡♥✐♥❣ t♦ ♠❡✳
■ s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ✐♥❝✐t❡r ♦❢ ❛ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡r✱
✐♥ ❡✈❡r② ❜❛tt❧❡ ■ s❤❛❧❧ ♣r❡✈❛✐❧
♦✈❡r ♥♦t✲❜❡✐♥❣✲❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞✲❜②✲❛✲s❛❝r✐✜❝❡ ♦♥❡✳
✷✳ ❚❤❡② ♣❧❛❝❡❞ ♠❡✱ ❬✇❤♦ ✐s❪ ❝❛❧❧❡❞ Indra✱ ❛♠♦♥❣ deva✲s ✖
❝r❡❛t✉r❡s ♦❢ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥✱ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤✱ ❛♥❞ ♦❢ ✇❛t❡rs✳
■ ❬❞r♦✈❡❪ t✇♦ r❡❧✉❝t❛♥t ✢❡❡t t❛✇♥② ❜✉❧❧s✱
■ ❤❛✈❡ ❜♦❧❞❧② t❛❦❡♥ ✖ ❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡ ✖
t❤❡ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✳
✸✳ ■ s❤❛❧❧ ♣✐❡r❝❡ ✇✐t❤ ❜❧♦✇s t❤❡ ❛r♠♦✉r ❬♦❢ t❤❡ ✜❡♥❞❪
✶ ✖
❢♦r ❛ ❣✐❢t❡❞✲✇✐t❤✲✐♥s✐❣❤t ♦♥❡✱
■ ❤❡❧♣❡❞ Kutsa ✇✐t❤ t❤❡s❡ s✐❞❡✲❡✛❡❝ts✳
■✱ ❛s ❛ ♣✐❡r❝❡r ♦❢ Śus.n.a✱ ✇✐❧❧ ✇✐❡❧❞ t❤❡ ❞❡str✉❝t✐✈❡ ✇❡❛♣♦♥✱
■✱ ✇❤♦ ❤❛s ♥♦t ❣r❛♥t❡❞ t♦ t❤❡ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡ t♦ s✉✛❡r ✇❛♥t
t❤❡ ✏❝♦♥❞✉❝t✐♥❣ ✉♣✇❛r❞s✑ ♥❛t✉r❡✳
✹✳ ■✱ ✐♥ ♦r❞❡r t♦ ❛ss✐st Vetasu✲s ❧✐❦❡ ❛ ❢❛t❤❡r✱
s❤❛❧❧ ♠❛❦❡ Tugra ❛♥❞ ❤❛✈✐♥❣✲❞♦♠❡st✐❝s ♦♥❡ s✉❜❥❡❝t t♦ Kutsa✳
■ s❤❛❧❧ ❞❡✈♦t❡ ♠②s❡❧❢ t♦ ❜❡✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❝❤✐❡❢t❛✐♥ ♦❢ t❤❡ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡r✳
❲❤❡♥ ■ ♦✛❡r ♠②s❡❧❢ t♦ Tuji✱ ❬✐t ✐s❪ ♥♦t t♦ ❛tt❛❝❦ ✇❤❛t✬s ❞❡❛r✳
✺✳ ■ s❤❛❧❧ ❝❛✉s❡ ❛ s❛✈❛❣❡ t♦ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ s✉❜❥❡❝t t♦ ❤✐♠
✇❤♦ ❤❛s ♦r❛❧ ❧♦r❡ ✖
✐❢ ❤❡ ❞✐❞ ❜❡t❛❦❡ ❤✐♠s❡❧❢ t✐♠❡ ❛❢t❡r t✐♠❡ t♦ ♠❡✱
♥♦t t♦ ❬❡❛rt❤❧②❪ ❡♥t✐❝❡♠❡♥ts✳
■ ♠❛❞❡ ❛ s❡tt❧❡r s✉❜♠✐ss✐✈❡ t♦ ❛♥ ❛❣✐t❛t❡❞ ❬❜② ♠❡ ♠❛♥❪✳
■ ❝❛✉s❡❞ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ❬♥♦✇❪ ❣r❛s♣s ❢❡❡t
t♦ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ s✉❜❥❡❝t t♦ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ❡①tr❛❝ts ❬Soma ❥✉✐❝❡❪✳
✻✳ ■✱ ❤❡✱ ✇❤♦ ❬❤❛s ❣✐✈❡♥❪ ❤❛✈✐♥❣✲✇✐❞❡✲❝❤❛r✐♦t Navavāstva
❬t♦ ❛ ♠✐❣❤t② ❢❛t❤❡r ❛s ❤✐s ♦✇♥ ❞❡s❝❡♥❞❛♥t❪ ✱
✷
■✱ t❤❡ Vr.tra✲s❧❛②❡r✱ s❤❛tt❡r❡❞ t❤❡ s❛✈❛❣❡ ❧✐❦❡ ❬♦t❤❡r❪ ♦❜st❛❝❧❡s✳
❲❤❡♥ ❬■ ♠❛❞❡❪ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥✐♥❣ ❬♠❡ Soma❪
t♦ ❝❛✉s❡ ❬♠❡❪ t♦ s♣r❡❛❞ ✉♥✐♥t❡rr✉♣t❡❞❧②✱
❛t t❤❡ ❡①tr❡♠❡ s❤♦r❡ ♦❢ ❞❛r❦❡♥✐♥❣ ❡♠♦t✐♦♥
■ ❝r❡❛t❡❞ ❧✉♠✐♥♦✉s s♣❤❡r❡s✳

✶ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✽✳✼✵✳✶✵❞

✷ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✻✳✷✵✳✶✶❝❞
✶✷✷✽

ahám. sū´ryasya pári yāmyāśúbhih.

práıtaśébhirváhamāna ójasā |
yánmā sāvó mánus.a ā´ha nirn.ı́ja
.ŕdhakkr..se dā´sam . háthaih. || 7 ||
. kŕ.tvyam

ahám. saptahā´ náhus.o náhus..tarah.

´
prāśrāvayam
. śávasā turváśam. yádum |
ahám. nyànyám. sáhasā sáhaskaram .
náva vrā´dhato navatı́m . ca vaks.ayam || 8 ||

ahám
. saptá sraváto dhārayam . vŕ..sā
dravitnvàh. pr.thivyā´m . sı̄r ´
ā ádhi |
ahámárn.ām
. si vı́ tirāmi sukrátur
yudhā´ vidam . mánave gātúmis..táye || 9 ||

ahám. tádāsu dhārayam . yádāsu ná

deváścaná tvás..tā´dhārayadrúśat |
spārhám. gávāmū´dhassu vaks.án.āsvā´
mádhormádhu śvā´tryam . sómamāśı́ram || 10 ||

evā´ devā´m̃ . ı́ndro vivye n.´r̄n

prá cyautnéna maghávā satyárādhāh. |
vı́śvéttā´ te harivah. śacı̄vo ′bhı́
turā´sah. svayaśo gr.n.anti || 11 ||
 ✶✷✷✾

✼✳ ■ ❥♦✉r♥❡② ❛r♦✉♥❞ ✈✐❣♦r♦✉s❧② ❝♦♥✈❡②✐♥❣ ♠②s❡❧❢ ❢♦rt❤

❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ♠♦✈✐♥❣ q✉✐❝❦❧② ✢✐❝❦❡r✐♥❣ ❬✐♥♥❡r ✜r❡s❪ ♦❢ t❤❡ s✉♥ ✳✸
❲❤❡♥ ♠❛♥✬s Soma ❧✐❜❛t✐♦♥ ❤❛s ❛❝❦♥♦✇❧❡❞❣❡❞ ♠❡
❛s t♦ ❜❡ ❝❧❡❛♥s❡❞✱
✇✐t❤ ❜❧♦✇s t❤♦✉ ♠❛❦❡ t❤❡ ❡✣❝❛❝✐♦✉s s❛✈❛❣❡
s❡♣❛r❛t❡ ❬❢r♦♠ t❤②s❡❧❢❪✳
✽✳ ■✱ ♥❡❛r❡r t❤❛♥ ❢❡❧❧♦✇❬✲✜❣❤t❡r❪✱ ❛♠ t❤❡ s❧❛②❡r ♦❢ t❤❡ s❡✈❡♥✳
❲✐t❤ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡ ■ ♠❛❞❡ Turvaśa ❬❛♥❞❪ Yadu ❢❛♠♦✉s✳
■ s❤❛❧❧ ❜r✐♥❣ ❞♦✇♥ ❬❛♥②❪ ♦t❤❡r ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ ❢♦r❝❡✱
■ s❤❛❧❧ ♠❛❦❡ ♥✐♥❡t② ♥✐♥❡ r❡✐♥❢♦r❝✐♥❣ ♦♥❡s
t♦ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❬❡✈❡♥❪ str♦♥❣❡r✳
✾✳ ■✱ t❤❡ ❜✉❧❧✱ s❤❛❧❧ ❝❛✉s❡ t❤❡ s❡✈❡♥ str❡❛♠✐♥❣ ❬✇❛t❡rs❪
t♦ ♠❛✐♥t❛✐♥ ♦✈❡r t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤ ❣♦♦❞✲❛t✲❜r✐♥❣✐♥❣✲❢❛st r✉♥♥❡❧s✳
■✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❣♦♦❞ ❞❡s✐❣♥s✱ ♣❛ss t❤r♦✉❣❤ t❤❡ ✢♦♦❞s✳
■ s❤❛❧❧ ✜♥❞ ❢♦r ❛♥ ✐♥t❡❧❧✐❣❡♥t ♠❛♥
❛♥ ✉♥✐♠♣❡❞❡❞ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ✜❣❤t✐♥❣ ✇❛②
t♦ ❬✇❤❛t ❤❡ ✐s❪ ❡♥❞❡❛✈♦✉r✐♥❣ t♦ ♦❜t❛✐♥✳
✶✵✳ ■ s❤❛❧❧ ❝❛✉s❡ t❤❛t t♦ ❜❡ ♠❛✐♥t❛✐♥❡❞ ✐♥ t❤♦s❡ ❬✇❛t❡rs❪
✇❤❛t ♥♦t ❡✈❡♥ ❤✉rt✐♥❣ deva Tvas..t.r
❞✐❞ ❝❛✉s❡ t♦ ❜❡ ♠❛✐♥t❛✐♥❡❞ ✐♥ t❤❡♠ ✖
❞❡s✐r❛❜❧❡ ✐♥ ♥♦✉r✐s❤✐♥❣ ✉❞❞❡rs ♦❢ ❝♦✇s ❬♠✐❧❦❪✱
t❤❡ ❤♦♥❡② ♦❢ ✇❤❛t✬s s✇❡❡t✱ ✐♥✈✐❣♦r❛t✐♥❣ Soma ✖ t❤❡ ♠✐①t✉r❡✳
✖✖
✶✶✳ ❏✉st s♦ Indra ❤❛s ❡♥✈❡❧♦♣❡❞ ❬✇✐t❤ ❡♥t✐❝❡♠❡♥ts❪ deva✲s✱ ♠❡♥✱
❬r♦✉s✐♥❣ t❤❡♠❪ ✇✐t❤ ❬t❤✐s❪ ❝♦♥tr✐✈❛♥❝❡ ✖ ❬❤❡✱❪
t❤❡ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡ ✇❤♦s❡ s❛t✐s❢❛❝t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ♦♥❡✬s ❞❡s✐r❡ ✐s r❡❛❧✳
❏✉st ❛❧❧ t❤♦s❡ t❤② ❬❞❡❡❞s❪✱
❖ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② ❡♥❛❜❧✐♥❣ ♣♦✇❡rs✱ ❜② t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s ♦♥❡✱
♣r♦♠♣t ♦♥❡s ❛♣♣r♦✈❡ ❬t❤② s✐❞❡✲❡✛❡❝ts❪✱ ❖ ✇♦rt❤②✲❜②✲t❤②s❡❧❢ ♦♥❡✦

✸ manipūra ❝❛❦r❛
.
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✵✳✺✵

Indra Vaikun..tha | ✶✱✷✱✻✱✼ Jagatı̄✱ ✸✱✹ Abhisārin.ı̄✱ ✺ Tris..tubh | t♦

Indra

prá vo mahé mándamānāyā´ndhasó ′rcā

viśvā´narāya viśvābhúve |
ı́ndrasya yásya súmakham . sáho máhi
śrávo nr.mn.ám. ca ródası̄ saparyátah. || 1 ||

só cinnú sákhyā nárya iná stutáś

carkŕ.tya ı́ndro mā´vate náre |
vı́śvāsu dhūrs.ú vājakŕ.tyes.u satpate
vr.tré vāpsvàbhı́ śūra mandase || 2 ||

ké té nára indra yé ta is.é

yé te sumnám . sadhanyàmı́yaks.ān |
ké te vā´jāyāsuryā`ya hinvire
ké apsú svā´sūrvárāsu paum
´ . sye || 3 ||

bhúvastvámindra bráhman.ā mahā´n

bhúvo vı́śves.u sávanes.u yajñı́yah. |
bhúvo n.´r̄m̃
. ścyautnó vı́śvasminbháre
jyés..thaśca mántro viśvacars.an.e || 4 ||

ávā nú kam . jyā´yānyajñávanaso

mah´ı̄m . ta . kr..s.táyo viduh. |
ómātrām
áso nú kamajáro várdhāśca
vı́śvédetā´ sávanā tūtumā´ kr..se || 5 ||
 ✶✷✸✶

✶✳ ❉♦ t❤♦✉ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ s♣❡❡❝❤ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t❡

t♦ ❜❡❝♦♠✐♥❣ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t❡❞ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ❤❡r❜
t♦ ❜❡❧♦♥❣✐♥❣✲t♦✲❡✈❡r②✲♠❛♥✱ t♦ ❜❡✐♥❣✲❡✈❡r②✇❤❡r❡ ♦♥❡✱
❣♦♦❞ ✜❣❤t✐♥❣ s♣✐r✐t✱ ❛♠♣❧❡ ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ ❢♦r❝❡✱ ❢❛♠❡✱
❛♥❞ t❤❡ ❝♦✉r❛❣❡ t✇♦ Rodas✲❡s ❛tt❡♥❞ t♦ ✖
♦❢ ♦♥❡ ♦❢ ②♦✉✱ ✇❤♦ ✐s Indra✬s✦
✷✳ ❏✉st s✉❝❤ ✐♥❞❡❡❞ ✖ ♠❛♥❧②✱ ✐♥✈✐❣♦r❛t✐♥❣ ✖
Indra ❬✐s❪ ❡✉❧♦❣✐③❡❞✱
♠❡♥t✐♦♥❡❞ ✇✐t❤ ♣r❛✐s❡ ❜② ❛ ❢r✐❡♥❞ t♦ ❛ ♠❛♥ ❧✐❦❡ ♠❡✳
❚❤♦✉✱ ❖ ♦✈❡rs❡❡r ♦❢ ✇❤❛t✬s r❡❛❧✱ ❞❡❧✐❣❤t ✐♥ ❡✈❡r② ❜✉r❞❡♥✱
✐♥ ❛♥②t❤✐♥❣ ❬t❤❛t ✐s❪ t♦ ❜❡ ❜♦r♥❡ ✉s✐♥❣ t❤❡ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱
❬t❤♦✉ ❡♥❥♦②❪ t❤❡ ♣r❡s❡♥❝❡ ♦❢ Vr.tra ♦r ♦❢ ✇❛t❡rs✱
❖ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✦
✸✳ ❲❤✐❝❤ ♠❡♥ ❛r❡ s✉❝❤✱ ❖ Indra✱
✇❤♦ ❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ ❛ ❧✐❜❛t✐♦♥ t♦ t❤❡❡
✇♦✉❧❞ s❡❡❦ t♦ ❝♦♥s❡❝r❛t❡ t♦ t❤❡❡ ❛ ❜❡♥❡✈♦❧❡♥t ❢❡❧❧♦✇❄
❲❤✐❝❤ ❬♠❡♥❪ ❤❛✈❡ ✐♠♣❡❧❧❡❞ t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s
❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ t❤② ❡♥❡r❣❡t✐❝ ❣✉✐❞❛♥❝❡❄
❲❤✐❝❤ ❬♠❡♥ ❤❛✈❡ ✐♠♣❡❧❧❡❞ t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s❪ t♦ ❛ ♠❛♥❧② ❞❡❡❞
✐♥ t❤❡ ♣r❡s❡♥❝❡ ♦❢ ✇❛t❡rs ❬❛♥❞❪ ❢❡rt✐❧❡ ❧❛♥❞s❄
✖✖
✹✳ ❇② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❛ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥ t❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❡①t❡♥s✐✈❡✱
❛t ❡✈❡r② ♣r❡ss✐♥❣ ❬♦❢ Soma❪
t❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ✇♦rt❤②✲♦❢✲❛✲s❛❝r✐✜❝❡✳
■♥ ❡✈❡r② ❜❛tt❧❡ t❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ s❤❛❦❡r ♦❢ ♠❡♥
❛♥❞ ❬❜❡❝♦♠❡❪ t❤❡ ♠♦st ❡①❝❡❧❧❡♥t ❝♦✉♥s❡❧✱
❖ ❞r❛✇✐♥❣ ❡✈❡r②♦♥❡ t♦✇❛r❞s t❤②s❡❧❢✦
✺✳ ❘✐❣❤t ♥♦✇✱ ❞♦ t❤♦✉✱ s✉♣❡r✐♦r✱ ❤❡❧♣ t❤♦s❡ ✇❤♦ ❞❡s✐r❡ t♦ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡✦
❚r✐❜❡s ❤❛✈❡ ❡①♣❡r✐❡♥❝❡❞ t❤② ♠✐❣❤t② ♣r♦t❡❝t✐♦♥✳
❚❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡ r✐❣❤t ♥♦✇ ✉♥❞❡❝❛②✐♥❣
❛♥❞ ✇♦✉❧❞ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥ ❬✉s❪ ✖
❬❢♦r❪ t❤♦✉ ❝❛✉s❡ ❛❧❧ t❤❡s❡ ♣r❡ss✐♥❣s ❬t♦ ❜❡❪ ♣♦✇❡r❢✉❧✳
✶✷✸✷

etā´ vı́śvā sávanā tūtumā´ kr..se

svayám . sūno sahaso yā´ni dadhis.é |
várāya te pā´tram . dhárman.e tánā
yajñó mántro bráhmódyatam . vácah. || 6 ||

yé te vipra brahmakŕ.tah. suté sácā

vásūnām. ca vásunaśca dāváne |
prá té sumnásya mánasā pathā´ bhuvan
máde sutásya somyásyā´ndhasah. || 7 ||
 ✶✷✸✸

✻✳ ❚❤♦✉ ❝❛✉s❡ ❛❧❧ t❤❡s❡ ♣r❡ss✐♥❣s✱ ✇❤✐❝❤ t❤♦✉✱

❖ ✐♥❝✐t❡r ♦❢ ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ str❡♥❣t❤✱
❤❛✈❡ ♦❜t❛✐♥❡❞ ❢♦r t❤②s❡❧❢✱ ❬t♦ ❜❡❪ ♣♦✇❡r❢✉❧✳
❋♦r t❤❡❡ t♦ ❝❤♦♦s❡ ♦♥❡ ❛❢t❡r ❛♥♦t❤❡r ❬❛r❡❪✿
❛ ❣♦❜❧❡t✶ ❢♦r ❤♦❧❞✐♥❣ ❬t❤② Soma❪✱
❛ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡✱ ❛ s♣❡❧❧✱ ❛♥ ❡①❡r❝✐s❡❞ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥✱ ❛♥ ✉tt❡r❛♥❝❡✷ ✳
✼✳ ❚❤♦s❡✱ ✇❤♦ ❬❛r❡❪ ♣❡r❢♦r♠✐♥❣ ❛ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥ ❢♦r t❤❡❡✱
❖ ✐♥✇❛r❞❧② ❡①❝✐t❡❞ ♦♥❡✱
✐♥ t❤❡ ♣r❡s❡♥❝❡ ♦❢ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❬Soma❪
✐♥ ♦r❞❡r t♦ r❡❝❡✐✈❡ r✐❝❤❡s ❛♥❞ t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡✱
✐♥ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ❤❡r❜ Soma✱
t❤r♦✉❣❤ t❤❡ ♣❛t❤✇❛② ♦❢ ❜❡♥❡✈♦❧❡♥❝❡ ✐♥ t❤♦✉❣❤t✱
t❤❡② s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ♣r❡❡♠✐♥❡♥t✳

✶ ♣r♦❜✳ ❛ ♣❛rt✐❝✉❧❛r ❝❛❦r❛

✷ ✇❤✐❝❤ ✇✐❧❧ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❛✉❞✐t♦r② ✐♠♣r❡ss✐♦♥
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✵✳✺✹

Br.haduktha Vāmadevya | Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra

tā´m . maghavanmahitvā´
. sú te kı̄rtı́m
yáttvā bhı̄té ródası̄ áhvayetām |
prā´vo devā´m̃
. ā´tiro dā´samójah.
prajā´yai tvasyai yádáśiks.a indra || 1 ||

yádácarastanvā` vāvr.dhānó
bálānı̄ndra prabruvān.ó jánes.u |
māyétsā´ te yā´ni yuddhā´nyāhúr
nā´dyá śátrum
. nanú purā´ vivitse || 2 ||

ká u nú te mahimánah. samasyāsmát

pū´rva .ŕ.sayó ′ntamāpuh. |
yánmātáram . ca pitáram. ca sākám
ájanayathāstanvàh. svā´yāh. || 3 ||

catvā´ri te asuryā`n.i nā´mā´dābhyāni

mahis.ásya santi |
tvámaṅgá tā´ni vı́śvāni vitse
yébhih. kármān.i maghavañcakártha || 4 ||

tvám. vı́śvā dadhis.e kévalāni

yā´nyāvı́ryā´ ca gúhā vásūni |
kā´mamı́nme maghavanmā´ vı́ tārı̄s
tvámājñātā´ tvámindrāsi dātā´ || 5 ||

yó ádadhājjyótis.i jyótirantár

yó ásr.janmádhunā sám . mádhūni |
ádha priyám. śūs.ámı́ndrāya mánma
brahmakŕ.to br.hádukthādavāci || 6 ||
 ✶✷✸✺

✶✳ ❙✉❝❤ r❡❛❧❧② ❬✐s❪ t❤②✱ ❖ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡✱ r❡♥♦✇♥

❜❡❝❛✉s❡ ♦❢ ❬t❤②❪ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ✐♥❝r❡❛s❡ ✐♥ s✐③❡✱
t❤❛t ❜♦t❤ ❢r✐❣❤t❡♥❡❞ Rodas✲❡s s✉♠♠♦♥❡❞ t❤❡❡✳
❚❤♦✉ ♣r♦♠♦t❡❞ deva✲s✱ t❤♦✉ ♦✈❡r❝❛♠❡ s❛✈❛❣❡ ❢r❡♥③②
✇❤❡♥ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ ✇❡r❡ ❡❛❣❡r t♦ ❤❡❧♣ ♦t❤❡r ❢❛♠✐❧②✱
✷✳ ✇❤❡♥ t❤♦✉ r♦❛♠❡❞ t❤r♦✉❣❤♦✉t t❤❡ ❜♦❞②✱
❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ str♦♥❣❡r✱
✐♥❞✐❝❛t✐♥❣ str❡♥❣t❤s ✐♥ ❢♦❧❦s✱ ❖ Indra✦
❚❤❡② s❛② t❤♦s❡ ❬❡♥❝♦✉♥t❡rs❪ ✇❤✐❝❤ ✇❡r❡ ❜❛tt❧❡❞ ♦✉t
❬❛r❡❪ ❥✉st s✉❝❤ ❛ s♦r❝❡r②✦
◆♦t ♥♦✇❛❞❛②s✱ ❝❡rt❛✐♥❧② ♥♦t ❜❡❢♦r❡ t❤♦✉ s❡❡❦ t♦ ✜♥❞ ❛♥ ❡♥❡♠②✳
✸✳ ❲❤✐❝❤ s❡❡rs ❜❡❢♦r❡ ✉s ❤❛✈❡ s✉r❡❧② r❡❛❝❤❡❞
❬t❤❛t❪ ❧✐♠✐t ♦❢ t❤② r❡❣✉❧❛r ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ✐♥❝r❡❛s❡ ✐♥ s✐③❡
✇❤❡♥ t❤♦✉ ♠❛❞❡ t❤❡ ♠♦t❤❡r ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ❢❛t❤❡r t♦❣❡t❤❡r
t♦ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st ❬t❤❡❡❪ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡✐r ♦✇♥ ❜♦❞②❄
✹✳ ❋♦✉r ♦❢ t❤② s♦✲❝❛❧❧❡❞ ❣✉✐❞✐♥❣ ❛s♣❡❝ts✱ ♥♦t t♦✲❜❡✲tr✐✢❡❞✲✇✐t❤✱
❛r❡ t❤♦s❡ ♦❢ ❛ ❜✉✛❛❧♦✳
❚❤♦✉ ❝❡rt❛✐♥❧② ❦♥♦✇ ❛❧❧ t❤♦s❡
✇✐t❤ ✇❤✐❝❤ ②♦✉ ♣❡r❢♦r♠❡❞ ❬t❤②❪ ❞❡❡❞s✱ ❖ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡✦
✺✳ ❚❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ♦❜t❛✐♥❡❞ ❛❧❧ s❡♣❛r❛t❡ ❜❡♥❡✜ts ✖
❬t❤♦s❡❪ ✇❤✐❝❤ ❬❛r❡❪ ❜❡❢♦r❡ ♦♥❡✬s ❡②❡s✱ ❬t❤♦s❡❪ ✇❤✐❝❤ ❛r❡ ❤✐❞❞❡♥✳
❏✉st ❞♦ ♥♦t ❢r✉str❛t❡ ♠② ❧♦♥❣✐♥❣✱ ❖ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡✱
t❤♦✉ ✇✐❧❧ ✉♥❞❡rst❛♥❞✱ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱
✇✐❧❧ ❜❡ t❤❡ ❣r❛♥t♦r ❬♦❢ ✐ts s❛t✐s❢❛❝t✐♦♥❪
✻✳ ❬t♦ ♠❡✱❪ ✇❤♦ ❞✐❞ ♣❧❛❝❡ t❤❡ ❧✐❣❤t ✐♥t♦ t❤❡ ❧✐❣❤t ✱ ✶
✇❤♦ ♠✐①❡❞ s✇❡❡ts ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ❤♦♥❡② ✳
✷ ✸
❚❤❡r❡❢♦r❡✱ ❞❡❛r t♦ Indra ❤✐❣❤s♣✐r✐t❡❞ ♠❛♥✐❝ t❤♦✉❣❤t
✇❛s ✉tt❡r❡❞ ❢r♦♠ ❬t❤❡ ❧✐♣s ♦❢❪ ♣❡r❢♦r♠✐♥❣ ❛ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥ Br.haduktha✳

✶ ❣♦❧❞❡♥ ❤❛❧♦ ❛r♦✉♥❞ ♦❜❥❡❝ts s❡❡♥ ❡✈❡♥ ✐♥ ❜r✐❣❤t ❞❛②❧✐❣❤t

✷ ♣r♦❜✳ s✇❡❡t ✇♦r❞s
✸ Soma
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✵✳✺✺

Br.haduktha Vāmadevya | Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra

dūré tánnā´ma gúhyam . parācáır

yáttvā bhı̄té áhvayetām. vayodháı |
údastabhnāh. pr.thiv´ı̄m
. dyā´mabh´ı̄ke
bhrā´tuh. putrā´nmaghavantitvis.ān.áh. || 1 ||

maháttánnā´ma gúhyam . puruspŕ.g

yéna bhūtám. janáyo yéna bhávyam |
pratnám
. jātám
. jyótiryádasya
. priyā´h. sámaviśanta páñca || 2 ||
priyám

ā´ ródası̄ apr.n.ādótá mádhyam .

páñca devā´m̃ . .rtuśáh. saptásapta |
cátustrim . śatā purudhā´ vı́ cas..te
sárūpen.a jyótis.ā vı́vratena || 3 ||

yádus.a auchah
´ . prathamā´ vibhā´nām
ájanayo yéna pus..tásya pus..tám |
yátte jāmitvámávaram . párasyā
mahánmahatyā´ asuratvámékam || 4 ||

vidhúm. dadrān.ám. sámane bahūnā´m .

yúvānam. sántam. palitó jagāra |
devásya paśya kā´vyam . mahitvā´dyā´
mamā´ra sá hyáh. sámāna || 5 ||
 ✶✷✸✼

✶✳ ❚❤❛t ❬t❤②❪ ❦❡♣t✲s❡❝r❡t ♥❛t✉r❡ ❬✇❛s❪ ❢❛r ❛✇❛②

❬❢r♦♠ ❜❡✐♥❣ r❡❛❞✐❧② ❛❝❝❡ss✐❜❧❡❪✱
✇❤❡♥ ❜♦t❤ ❢r✐❣❤t❡♥❡❞ ❬Rodas✲❡s❪
✶ s✉♠♠♦♥❡❞ t❤❡❡
t♦ ❜❡st♦✇ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❛♥❞ ❜♦❞✐❧② ✈✐❣♦✉r✳
■♥ ❛♥ ❛❞✈❡rs✐t② t❤♦✉ ♣r♦♣♣❡❞ ✉♣ t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤ ❬❛♥❞❪ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥
❤❛✈✐♥❣ ✈✐♦❧❡♥t❧② ❛❣✐t❛t❡❞ ❜r♦t❤❡r✬s
✷ s♦♥s✸ ✳
✷✳ ❚❤❛t ❡①t❡♥s✐✈❡ ❦❡♣t✲s❡❝r❡t ♥❛t✉r❡✱ ❡❛❣❡r❧② ❞❡s✐r❡❞ ❜② ♠❛♥②✱
✇✐t❤ ✇❤✐❝❤ t❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ ♣r♦❞✉❝❡ ♣r❡s❡♥t✱
✇✐t❤ ✇❤✐❝❤ ❢✉t✉r❡ ❬❛❜✐❧✐t✐❡s❪ ✖
♣r❡❝❡❞✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡❡❪ ♣r♦❞✉❝❡❞ ❧✐❣❤t t❤❛t ✐s ♦❢ t❤❛t ❬♥❛t✉r❡❪ ✖
t❤❡ ✜✈❡ ❢❛✈♦r✐t❡ ❬s❡♥s❡s❪ ❡♥t❡r❡❞ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✐♥t♦ ❬✐t❪ ✖
t❤❡ ❞❡s✐r❡❞ ❬❧✐❣❤t❪✳
✸✳ ■t ❤❛s ✜❧❧❡❞ t❤❡ t✇♦ Rodas✲❡s ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ♠✐❞❞❧❡ ❬s♣❛❝❡❪✱
✜✈❡ ❬s❡♥s❡s ❡♥t❡r❡❞ ✐♥t♦❪ deva✲s ❛t ❡❛❝❤ ♦❢ t❤❡ s❡✈❡♥ ❬❛❜♦❞❡s❪
❛t t❤❡ ♣r♦♣❡r t✐♠❡✳
❯s✐♥❣ t❤✐rt② ❢♦✉r ❬❝♦♥s♦♥❛♥ts❪
✹ ✇✐t❤ ✉♥✐❢♦r♠
❬❜✉t❪ r❡❢r❛❝t♦r② ❧✐❣❤t
♦♥❡ ♠❛❦❡s ♠❛♥✐❢❡st ❬❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❜♦t❤ Rodas✲❡s❪✳
✖✖
✹✳ ❚❤❛t✱ ✇❤✐❝❤ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ ❉❛✇♥✱ ❬❜❡✐♥❣❪ t❤❡ ♣r✐♠❛r② ♦❢ t❤♦s❡
t❤❛t ❬✇✐❧❧❪ ❛♣♣❡❛r✱ s❤✐♥❡❞ ❬❢♦rt❤❪✱
❬t❤❛t✱❪ ✇✐t❤ ✇❤✐❝❤ t❤♦✉ ❜❡❣♦t t❤❡ ✐♥❝r❡❛s❡ ♦❢ t❤❛t
✇❤✐❝❤ ✐♥❝r❡❛s❡❞✱
t❤❛t t❤② ❝♦♥s❛♥❣✉✐♥✐t② ❬✐s❪ ❧❡ss ✐♥t✐♠❛t❡
❬t❤❛♥ t❤❛t❪ ♦❢ ❛ ❢✉t✉r❡ ❬❉❛✇♥❪ ✖
❣r❡❛t❡r t❤❛♥ t❤❛t ♦❢ ❛ ❣r❡❛t ♦♥❡✱
♦♥❡ ♦❢ ❛ ❦✐♥❞ ✐s ❬s✉❝❤❪ s♣✐r✐t✉❛❧ ❣✉✐❞❛♥❝❡✳
✺✳ ❚❤❡ ❣r❛② ♦♥❡ ❤❛s ❬✜♥❛❧❧②❪ ❛✇❛❦❡♥❡❞ t❤❡ ②♦✉♥❣✱
❧♦♥❡❧②✱ r✉♥♥✐♥❣ ❤✐t❤❡r ❛♥❞ t❤✐t❤❡r ✐♥ ❛♥ ❛ss❡♠❜❧② ♦♥❡✳
❚❤r♦✉❣❤ ❬❤✐s❪ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❡①♣❛♥❞✱ ❡①♣❡r✐❡♥❝❡ ❞✐r❡❝t❧②
deva✬s ♣♦❡t✐❝ ✐♥s♣✐r❛t✐♦♥✦
✏❚♦❞❛② ❤❡ ❤❛s ❞✐❡❞✱ ②❡st❡r❞❛② ❤❡ ❞✐❞ ❜r❡❛t❤
t♦❣❡t❤❡r ❬✇✐t❤ ♦t❤❡rs❪ ✳✑
✺
✖✖

✶ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✶✵✳✺✹✳✶❜

✷ ✐♥♥❡r Agni ✖ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✻✳✺✾✳✷❝❞
✸ ♣r♦❜✳ Marut✲s ✖ s❡❡ ✸✳✸✶✳✸❛❜
✹ ♣r♦❜✳ s♦♠❡✇❤❛t s✐♠✐❧❛r t♦ t❛♥tr✐❝ ♣r❛❝t✐❝❡ ♦❢ mātrika nyāsa
✺ ✏t♦ ❜r❡❛t❤ t♦❣❡t❤❡r✑ sam an ✐s ❛ ✇♦r❞ ♣❧❛② ♦♥ ✏❛ss❡♠❜❧②✑ ❂ samana
✶✷✸✽

śā´kmanā śākó arun.áh. suparn.á

ā´ yó maháh. śū´rah. sanā´dánı̄..dah. |
yáccikéta satyámı́ttánná mógham .
vásu spārhámutá jétotá dā´tā || 6 ||

áıbhirdade vŕ..sn.yā paum

´ . syāni
´ . advr.trahátyāya vajr´ı̄ |
yébhirauks
yé kárman.ah. kriyámān.asya mahná
.rtekarmámudájāyanta devā´h. || 7 ||

yujā´ kármān.i janáyanviśvaujā

´
aśastihā´ viśvámanāsturās.ā´.t |
pı̄tv´ı̄ sómasya divá ā´ vr.dhānáh.
śū´ro nı́ryudhā´dhamaddásyūn || 8 ||
 ✶✷✸✾

✻✳ ❍❡❧♣❢✉❧ ❜② ❡♥❛❜❧✐♥❣✱ ❣✐✈✐♥❣ ❛ ❝❤❛♥❝❡ t♦ ♠♦✈❡ ✉♣✇❛r❞s✱

❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❜❡❛✉t✐❢✉❧ ✇✐♥❣s✻ ✱
❬❤❡✱❪ ✇❤♦ ❬✐s❪ ❛ ♠✐❣❤t② ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱
❬✐s❪ ❢♦r❡✈❡r ✇✐t❤♦✉t ❛ ♥❡st✳
❲❤❛t ❤❡ ❝♦♥s✐❞❡rs ❛s ✇❤❛t✬s✲t♦✲❜❡ t❤❛t ✐s ♥♦t ✐♥ ✈❛✐♥✱
❤❡ ✇✐❧❧ ❝♦♥q✉❡r ❛♥❞ ❣r❛♥t t❤❡ ❞❡s✐r❛❜❧❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡✳
✼✳ ❖♥❡ ❤❛s ❣✐✈❡♥ t♦ ❤✐♠s❡❧❢ ♠❛♥❧② ❢✉❧❧✲♦❢✲✈✐❣♦✉r ♣♦✇❡rs
❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ t❤❡s❡ ❬s♣❛r❦✲❧✐❦❡ deva✲s❪
✇✐t❤ ✇❤✐❝❤ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲✇✐❡❧❞❡r s♣r✐♥❦❧❡s ❬♦♥❡✬s ♠✐♥❞❪
✐♥ ♦r❞❡r t♦ ❦✐❧❧ Vr.tra ✖
✇❤✐❝❤ deva✲s ❞✐❞ ❡♠❡r❣❡ ✇✐t❤♦✉t ❛♥② ❛❝t✐♦♥ ❬♦♥ t❤❡✐r ♣❛rt❪
t❤r♦✉❣❤ t❤❡ ♠✐❣❤t ♦❢ ❜❡✐♥❣✲♣❡r❢♦r♠❡❞ ❛❝t✐♦♥✳
✽✳ ❬❍❡✱❪ ❡♥❣❡♥❞❡r✐♥❣ ❛❝t✐♦♥s ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❤❛r♥❡ss✐♥❣
❬t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s❪✱ ✐♥✈✐❣♦r❛t✐♥❣ ❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣✱
❞❡str♦②✐♥❣ ❝✉rs❡s✱ ❬❤❡✱❪ ✇❤♦ ✐♠❛❣✐♥❡❞ ✐t ❛❧❧✱
❬❤❡✱ ✇❤♦ ✐s❪ ♣r❡✈❛✐❧✐♥❣ q✉✐❝❦❧②✱
❞r✐♥❦✐♥❣ Soma ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ str♦♥❣❡r✱
❤❡✱ t❤❡ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱ ❞✐❞ ❜❧♦✇ ♦✉t ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ✜❣❤t✐♥❣
✐♠♣✉❧s❡s t♦ s✉✛❡r ✇❛♥t✳

❱❡rs❡s ✹ ❛♥❞ ✺ ❞❡s❝r✐❜❡ ❤♦✇ ❢❛r✲❢❡t❝❤❡❞ ❞r❡❛♠s ♠❛❦❡ ❛ ②♦✉♥❣ ♠❛♥

❢❡❡❧ ♠♦r❡ ✐♥t✐♠❛t❡ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ❢✉t✉r❡ t❤❛♥ ✇✐t❤ ♣r❡s❡♥t ♠♦♠❡♥t✱ ❛♥❞
♦♥❧② ✇❤❡♥ ❤❡ ❜❡❝♦♠❡s ❣r❛②✲❤❛✐r❡❞✱ ❤❡ ❛✇❛❦❡♥s t♦ t❤❡ r❡❛❧✐t② ♦❢
❛❧❧ ✐♥♥❡r ❢♦r❝❡s t❤❛t ♠❛♥✐♣✉❧❛t❡❞ ❤✐♠ ❛❧❧ ❛❧♦♥❣ ✖ ❡s♣❡❝✐❛❧❧② t❤♦s❡
r❡❧❛t❡❞ t♦ s♦❝✐❛❧ ✐♥t❡r❛❝t✐♦♥s✳ ❚❤❡ ✐♥❥✉♥❝t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ✈❡rs❡s ✻✕✽ ✐s t♦
❢♦❧❧♦✇ t❤❡ ❣✉✐❞❛♥❝❡ ♦❢ Indra ♥♦ ♠❛tt❡r ❤♦✇ ❡❝❝❡♥tr✐❝ ✐♥s♣✐r❡❞ ❜②
❤✐♠ ♣❧❛♥s s❡❡♠ t♦ ❜❡✳

✻ ❂ t✇♦ ♣❡t❛❧s ♦❢ ājñā ❝❛❦r❛

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✵✳✼✸

Gaurivı̄ti Śaktyā | Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra

jánis..thā ugráh. sáhase turā´ya

mandrá ójis..tho bahulā´bhimānah. |
ávardhannı́ndram . marútaścidátra
mātā´ yádvı̄rám . dadhánaddhánis..thā || 1 ||

druhó nı́s.attā pr.śan´ı̄ cidévaih.

purū´ śám
. sena vāvr.dhus..tá ı́ndram |
abh´ı̄vr.teva tā´ mahāpadéna dhvāntā´t
prapitvā´dúdaranta gárbhāh. || 2 ||

.r.svā´ te pā´dā prá yájjı́gāsyávardhan

vā´jā utá yé cidátra |
tvámindra sālāvr.kā´nsahásram
āsándadhis.e aśvı́nā´ vavr.tyāh. || 3 ||

samanā´ tū´rn.irúpa yāsi yajñám

ā´ nā´satyā sakhyā´ya vaks.i |
vasā´vyāmindra dhārayah. sahásrāśvı́nā śūra
dadaturmaghā´ni || 4 ||

mándamāna .rtā´dádhi prajā´yai

sákhibhirı́ndra is.irébhirártham |
ā´bhirhı́ māyā´ úpa dásyumā´gān
mı́hah. prá tamrā´ avapattámām . si || 5 ||
 ✶✷✹✶

✶✳ ❚❤♦✉ ✇❡r❡ ❜♦r♥ ❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s ✖

❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ ♣r♦♠♣t ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ str❡♥❣t❤ ✖
❬t❤♦✉✱❪ ❛❣r❡❡❛❜❧❡✱ ♠♦st ✈✐❣♦r♦✉s✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❛♠♣❧❡ s❡❧❢✲❝♦♥❝❡✐t✳
Marut✲s ❛❧s♦ ❛✉❣♠❡♥t Indra t❤❡♥ ✖
✇❤❡♥ t❤❡ ♠♦t❤❡r ✱ ❜❡st ❛t ❬♣r♦♠✐s✐♥❣❪ ♣r✐③❡s✱
✶
❝❛✉s❡s t❤❡ ❤❡r♦ t♦ ♠♦✈❡ q✉✐❝❦❧②✳
✷✳ ❙❤❡ ✇❛s s❡tt❧❡❞ ❬❛✇❛②❪ ❢r♦♠ ❛♥ ♦✛❡♥s❡✱
❬♠❛❞❡❪ ❡✈❡♥ ❣❡♥t❧❡ ✐♥ t❤❡ ♠❛♥♥❡r ♦❢ ❛❝t✐♥❣✳
❚❤❡② ❤❛✈❡ ❢r❡q✉❡♥t❧② str❡♥❣t❤❡♥❡❞ Indra ✇✐t❤ ❛ s♣❡❧❧✳
❚❤♦s❡ ❬❞❡s✐❣♥s❪ ❬✇❡r❡❪ ❛s ✐❢ s✉rr♦✉♥❞❡❞
❜② t❤❡ ❡①t❡♥s✐✈❡ ❢♦♦t♣r✐♥t ❬♦❢ Vis.n.u❪ ✖
❬❛✇❛②❪ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ❞❛r❦♥❡ss✳
❋r♦♠ ❡✈❡♥✐♥❣ ❬❢♦r✇❛r❞❪ ❣❡r♠s ❬♦❢ ✐♥♥❡r ✜r❡❪ ❞✐❞ r✐s❡✳
✸✳ ❲❤❡♥ t❤♦✉ ♣r♦❝❡❡❞✱ t❤❡ t✇♦ ❢♦♦t♣r✐♥ts
❬❛r❡❪ ❤❡❧♣✐♥❣ t❤❡❡ ✐♥ ❞✐r❡ str❛✐❣❤ts✳
❘✉s❤❡s ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱ ✇❤✐❝❤ ❬✇❡r❡❪ ❛❧s♦ t❤❡r❡✱
❞✐❞ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥❡❞ ❬t❤❡❡❪✳
❚❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❤❛s ♣✉t t❤♦✉s❛♥❞ ❥❛❝❦❛❧s ✐♥ ❬t❤②❪ ♠♦✉t❤ ✖
t❤♦✉ s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ t✉r♥❡❞ t♦✇❛r❞s Aśvin✲s✳
✹✳ ❚❤♦✉ ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤ t❤❡ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡ ❛❧❧ ❛t ♦♥❝❡✱ ❬❜❡✐♥❣❪ ❡①♣❡❞✐t✐♦✉s✱
t❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ❝♦♥✈❡②❡❞ t❤❡ t✇♦ Nāsatya✲s ❢♦r ❛ ❢❡❧❧♦✇s❤✐♣✳
❚❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ ❝❛✉s❡ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞ ❬❜❡♥❡✜ts❪
t♦ ❜❡ ♠❛✐♥t❛✐♥❡❞ ✐♥ t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r② ✖
❬❢♦r❪ t✇♦ Aśvin✲s ❤❛✈❡ ❣✐✈❡♥ ❣✐❢ts✱ ❖ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✦
✺✳ ❇❡❝♦♠✐♥❣ ✜r❡❞ ✉♣ ❢♦r ♣r♦❝r❡❛t✐♦♥ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ♣r❡s❡♥❝❡ ♦❢ .rta✱
Indra t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ✐♥st✐❣❛t✐♥❣ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s
❬✜①❡s t❤❡ ♠✐♥❞❪ ✉♣♦♥ t❤❡ ♣✉r♣♦s❡✳
✷
❙✐♥❝❡ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡s❡ ❬♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❛ss✐st✐♥❣❪ ❤❡ ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤❡❞
✸
♣♦✇❡rs t♦ ❢r❛♠❡ ❝♦❣♥✐t✐♦♥ ❬❛♥❞❪ t❤❡ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡ t♦ s✉✛❡r ✇❛♥t✱
❤❡ s❝❛tt❡r❡❞ ❞❛r❦❡♥✐♥❣ ❬♠❡♥t❛❧❪ ❢♦❣s✱
❬❛♥❞❪ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ♦❜s❝✉r❛t✐♦♥s✳

✶ Prśni
.
✷ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✶✳✶✵✳✷❝
✸ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✺✳✸✽✳✺❛
✶✷✹✷

sánāmānā ciddhvasayo nyàsmā

ávāhannı́ndra us.áso yáthā´nah. |
.r.sváıragachah. sákhibhirnı́kāmaih.
sākám. pratis..thā´ hŕ.dyā jaghantha || 6 ||

tvám. jaghantha námucim . makhasyúm

.
dā´sam
. kr.n.vāná .ŕ.saye vı́māyam |
tvám. cakartha mánave syonā´npathó
devatrā´ñjaseva yā´nān || 7 ||

tvámetā´ni papris.e vı́ nā´méśāna indra

dadhis.e gábhastau |
ánu tvā devā´h. śávasā madantyupáribudhnān
vanı́naścakartha || 8 ||

cakrám . yádasyāpsvā´ nı́s.attam

utó tádasmai mádhvı́ccachadyāt |
pr.thivyā´mátis.itam
. yádū´dhah.
páyo gós.vádadhā ós.adhı̄s.u || 9 ||

áśvādiyāyéti yádvádantyójaso jātám

utá manya enam |
manyóriyāya harmyés.u tasthau
yátah. prajajñá ı́ndro asya veda || 10 ||

váyah. suparn.ā´ úpa sedurı́ndram.

priyámedhā .ŕ.sayo nā´dhamānāh. |
ápa dhvāntámūrn.uhı́ pūrdhı́ cáks.ur
mumugdhyàsmā´nnidháyeva baddhā´n || 11 ||
 ✶✷✹✸

✻✳ ❊✈❡♥ t❤❡ t✇♦ ❜❡✐♥❣ s✐♠✐❧❛r❧② ♥❛♠❡❞ ♦♥❡s

t❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ ❞✐s♣❡rs❡ ❢♦r t❤✐s ♦♥❡✱
✐♥ t❤❡ s❛♠❡ ♠❛♥♥❡r ❛s t❤♦✉✱ Indra✱
❞✐✈❡rt❡❞ ❬❢r♦♠ ✐t ❝♦✉rs❡❪ ❉❛✇♥✬s ❝❛rt✳
❚❤♦✉ s❡t ♦✉t ✇✐t❤ ❤❡❧♣✐♥❣✲✐♥✲❞✐r❡✲str❛✐❣❤ts
❞✐s♣❛ss✐♦♥❛t❡ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s ✱
✹
t❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ s❧❛②❡❞ ❛t t❤❡ s❛♠❡ t✐♠❡ t✇♦ ✐♥♥❡r♠♦st r❡s✐st✐♥❣ ♦♥❡s✳
✼✳ ❚❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ✇❛r❞❡❞ ♦✛ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ ❛ ✜❣❤t✐♥❣ s♣✐r✐t Namuci✱
❬t❤✉s❪ ♠❛❦✐♥❣ ❢♦r t❤❡ s❡❡r ❬t❤❛t❪ s❛✈❛❣❡ t♦ ❜❡ ❞❡✈♦✐❞
♦❢ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡rs t♦ ❢r❛♠❡ ❝♦❣♥✐t✐♦♥✳
❋♦r ❛♥ ✐♥t❡❧❧✐❣❡♥t ♠❛♥ t❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ♠❛❞❡ ♣❛t❤✇❛②s
t♦ deva✲s ❣❡♥t❧❡ ❛s ✐❢ ❧❡❛❞✐♥❣ str❛✐❣❤t ❬t♦ t❤❡♠❪✳
✽✳ ❚❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ✜❧❧❡❞ t❤❡s❡ ❬r❡❛❧♠s❪❀ ✇❤❛t ✐s ❝❛❧❧❡❞ ❛ ✏❜✐r❞✑
✺
t❤♦✉✱ ❜❡✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❝❤❛r❣❡✱ ❤❛✈❡ ♣✉t ✐♥ ❤❛♥❞✱ ❖ Indra✦
❚❤r♦✉❣❤ t❤❡ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡ t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱ deva✲s r❡❥♦✐❝❡ ♦✈❡r t❤❡❡❀
t❤♦✉ ♠❛❞❡ t❤♦s❡ ✇❤♦ ❤❛✈❡ ❞❡s✐r❡s r❛✐s❡❞ ❛❜♦✈❡ t❤❡ ❣r♦✉♥❞✳
✾✳ ❲❤❡♥ t❤❡ ✏✇❤❡❡❧✑
✻ ♦❢ t❤✐s ❬❛❜♦❞❡❪ ✐s s❡tt❧❡❞
♠✐❞st ❬✐♥♥❡r❪ ✇❛t❡rs✱
t❤❛t ✇♦✉❧❞ ✐♠♣r❡ss ❤✐♠ ❛s t❤❡ ❤♦♥❡② ✳
✼
✽
■❢ t❤❡ ✉❞❞❡r ✐♥ t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤ ❬❜❡❝♦♠❡s❪ t✐❡❞ ✉♣✱
❬r❡♠❡♠❜❡r✱❪ t❤♦✉ ❞✐❞ ♣✉t ❬♦♥ s✉❝❤ ♦❝❝❛s✐♦♥s❪
t❤❡ ❥✉✐❝❡ ✐♥t♦ ♠✐❧❦✱ ✐♥t♦ ❤❡r❜❛❧ ❬♣♦t✐♦♥s❪✳
✶✵✳ ❲❤❡♥ t❤❡② s❛② ✏❍❡ ❤❛s ❝♦♠❡ ❢r♦♠ ❛ ❤♦rs❡✑✱
■ t❤✐♥❦ ♦❢ ❤✐♠ ❛s ❜♦r♥ ♦❢ ❛ ❢r❡♥③②✳
❍❡ ❤❛s ❝♦♠❡ ❢r♦♠ ❛♥❣❡r✱
❤❡ ❤❛s st❛②❡❞ ✐♥ ❝❤❛r♠✐♥❣✲t❤❡✲♠✐♥❞ ❬❢❛♥t❛s✐❡s❪ ✖
✇❤❛t❡✈❡r Indra ❤❛s ❡♠❡r❣❡❞ ❢r♦♠✱
■ ❤❛✈❡ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❛❝q✉❛✐♥t❡❞ ✇✐t❤ ❤✐♠✳
✶✶✳ ❍❛✈✐♥❣ ❜❡❛✉t✐❢✉❧ ✇✐♥❣s ❜✐r❞s
✾ ❤❛✈❡ t❛❦❡♥ ❛ s❡❛t ♥❡❛r Indra✳
Priyamedha s❡❡rs ❬❛r❡❪ ❛s❦✐♥❣ ❢♦r ❤❡❧♣✱
✏P✉t ❛✇❛② t❤❡ ❞❛r❦♥❡ss✱ s❛t❡ t❤❡ ❡②❡✦
❙❡t ✉s✱ ❬✇❤♦ ❛r❡❪ ❛s ✐❢ ❝❛✉❣❤t ❜② ❛ ♥❡t✱ ❢r❡❡✦✑

✹ Soma ❞r♦♣s
✺ ❛ ❢❛♥t❛s②
✻ ❝❛❦r❛
✼ Soma
✽ ❂ ✏t❤❡ ❜♦❞②✑
✾ ❂❢❛♥t❛s✐❡s
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✵✳✼✹

Gaurivı̄ti Śaktyā | Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra

vásūnām
. vā carkr..sa ı́yaks.an
dhiyā´ vā yajñaırvā
´ ródasyoh. |
árvanto vā yé rayimántah. sātau ´
vanúm . vā yé suśrún.am. suśrúto dhúh. || 1 ||

háva es.āmásuro naks.ata dyā´m .

śravasyatā´ mánasā nim . sata ks.ā´m |
cáks.ān.ā yátra suvitā´ya devā´
dyaurná
´ vā´rebhih. kr.n.ávanta sváıh. || 2 ||

iyámes.āmamŕ.tānām . g´ı̄h.
sarvátātā yé kr.pán.anta rátnam |
dhı́yam. ca yajñám . ca sā´dhantas
té no dhāntu vasavyàmásāmi || 3 ||

ā´ tátta indrāyávah. panantābhı́

yá ūrvám . gómantam . tı́tr.tsān |
sakr.tsvàm . yé puruputrā´m . mah´ı̄m
.
sahásradhārām ´ . dúduks.an || 4 ||
. br.hatı̄m

śácı̄va ı́ndramávase kr.n.udhvam

ánānatam . damáyantam . pr.tanyū´n |
r.bhuks.án.am . maghávānam . suvr.ktı́m
.
bhártā yó vájram
. náryam. puruks.úh. || 5 ||

yádvāvā´na purutámam . purās.ā´..d

ā´ vr.trahéndro nā´mānyaprāh. |
áceti prāsáhaspátistúvis.mān
yádı̄muśmási kártave kárattát || 6 ||
 ✶✷✹✺

✶✳ ❲❤❡t❤❡r ■✱ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ t♦ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡✱ s♣❡❛❦ ❤✐❣❤❧② ♦❢ ❜❡♥❡✜ts✱

♦r ♦❢ ❜♦t❤ Rodas✲❡s
t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ❛ ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥ ❬❛♥❞❪ ✜r❡ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣s✱
✇❤❡t❤❡r ❬t❤♦s❡❪ st❡❡❞s ✇❤✐❝❤ ❬❛r❡❪ ♣♦ss❡ss✐♥❣ t❤❡ ✇❡❛❧t❤
✶
❛t ❣❛✐♥✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r❪✱
♦r t❤♦s❡ ✇❤♦ ❛r❡ t❡❛❝❤✐♥❣ ✇❡❧❧ s❤❛❧❧ r❡♥❞❡r ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ❧✐st❡♥s ✇❡❧❧
❛♥ ❛❞❤❡r❡♥t✱
✷✳ ♣r♦✈✐❞✐♥❣ ❣✉✐❞❛♥❝❡ ✐♥✈♦❝❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ t❤♦s❡ s❤❛❧❧ r❡❛❝❤ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥❀
✇✐t❤ ♠✐♥❞ ❡♠♣❧♦②✐♥❣ ❛✉❞✐t♦r② ✐♠♣r❡ss✐♦♥
✐t s❤❛❧❧ t♦✉❝❤ ❝❧♦s❡❧② t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤✳
❲❤❡r❡✈❡r deva✲s ❤❛✈❡ ❛♣♣❡❛r❡❞ ❢♦r ❛♥ ❡❛s② ♣❛ss❛❣❡✱
t❤❡② ❝r❡❛t❡ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡✐r ♦✇♥ tr❡❛s✉r❡❞ ❬t❤✐♥❣s❪
❬❛ ❣✉✐❞❛♥❝❡❪ ❢♦r t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s ❬❥✉st❪ ❧✐❦❡ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ❬❞♦❡s❪✳
✸✳ ❚❤✐s ✐s ❛♥ ✐♥✈♦❝❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ t❤❡s❡ ✐♠♠♦rt❛❧s
✇❤♦ ❛❧❧ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ❧♦♥❣ ❢♦r t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡✳
▼❛② t❤❡②✱ ❜r✐♥❣✐♥❣ t♦ r❡❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥
t❤❡ ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥ ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ✜r❡ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣✱
❤❡❧♣ ✉s t♦ ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥t ❬tr❡❛s✉r❡❪ ✐♥ ✐ts ❡♥t✐r❡t②✦
✹✳ ❚❤❛t t❤② ❬tr❡❛s✉r❡❪ ❤❡r❡✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❛❣✐t❛t❡❞ ♦♥❡s s❤❛❧❧ ❛❞♠✐r❡✱
❬t❤❡②✱❪ ✇❤♦ ✇♦✉❧❞ s♣❧✐t ♦♣❡♥
❡①t❡♥s✐✈❡ r✐❝❤✲✐♥✲❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡✲❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s ❬❡♥❝❧♦s✉r❡❪✳
✷
✇❤♦ s❤❛❧❧ s❡❡❦ t♦ ♠✐❧❦ ❤❡r ✇❤♦ s❡ts ✐♥ ♠♦t✐♦♥ ❛t ♦♥❝❡✱
✸
❬❤❡r✱❪ ✇❤♦ ❤❛s ♠❛♥② s♦♥s✱ ❬✇❤♦ ✐s❪ ♠✐❣❤t②✱
❬✇❤♦ ❤❛s❪ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞ str❡❛♠s✳
✺✳ ❖ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② ❡♥❛❜❧✐♥❣ ♣♦✇❡rs ♦♥❡✦
❉♦ ②❡ ♠❛❦❡ Indra ✖ ✐♥ ♦r❞❡r t♦ ❤❡❧♣ ❬②♦✉❪ ✖
♥♦t✲❜❡♥❞✐♥❣✱ s✉❜❞✉✐♥❣ t❤♦s❡ ✇❤♦ ❛tt❛❝❦ ❬②♦✉❪✱
❣❡♥❡r♦✉s✱ ❬❣r❛♥t✐♥❣❪ ✇❡❧❧✲t✇✐st❡❞ ❬✈❡rs❡s❪ ♠❛st❡r ♦❢ R.bhu✲s✱
✇❤♦ ✇✐❧❧ ❜❡❛r s✉✐t❛❜❧❡ t♦ ♠❡♥ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✱
❬✇❤♦ ✇✐❧❧ ❜❡❪ ❣r❛♥t✐♥❣ ❬✐t❪ ❧✐❜❡r❛❧❧②✳
✻✳ ❲❤❡♥ ❤❡✱ ♦✈❡r♣♦✇❡r✐♥❣ ❜❡❢♦r❡✱
❤❛s ♣❧❛❝❡❞ ✇✐t❤✐♥ ❬❤✐s❪ r❡❛❝❤ t❤❡ ♠♦st ❢r❡q✉❡♥t ♦♥❡✱
❬✇❤❡♥❪ Indra ❬❤❛s ❜❡❝♦♠❡❪ Vr.tra✲s❧❛②❡r✱
t❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ✜❧❧❡❞ ❬❤✐s❪ ❝❤❛r❛❝t❡r✐st✐❝ ❢♦r♠s ❬✇✐t❤ ❡①♣❡r✐❡♥❝❡❪✳
❍❛✈✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝♦♥tr♦❧ ♠❛st❡r ♦❢ ❡♥❞✉r✐♥❣ ❬tr❡❛s✉r❡❪
✇❛s ♦❜s❡r✈❡❞ ❬❤❡r❡❪✳
❲❤❛t ✇❡ ✇✐s❤ ❤✐♠ t♦ ❞♦✱ t❤❛t ❤❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❞♦✳
✶ ❞r♦♣s ♦❢ Soma
✷ ❧✐t✳ ✏r✐❝❤✲✐♥✲❝♦✇s✑
✸ ♣r♦❜✳ Prśni
.
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✵✳✽✾

Ren.u Vaiśvāmitra | Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra

ı́ndram . stavā nŕ.tamam. yásya mahnā´

vibabādhé rocanā´ vı́ jmó ántān |
ā´ yáh. paprau
´ cars.an.ı̄dhŕ.dvárobhih.
prá sı́ndhubhyo riricānó mahitvā´ || 1 ||

sá sū´ryah. páryurū´ várām . syéndro

vavr.tyādráthyeva cakrā´ |
átis..thantamapasyàm . na sargam .
kr..sn.ā´ támām
. si . yā jaghāna || 2 ||
tvı́s

samānámasmā ánapāvr.darca
ks.mayā´ divó ásamam . bráhma návyam |
vı́ yáh. pr..s.théva jánimānyaryá
ı́ndraścikā´ya ná sákhāyamı̄s.é || 3 ||

ı́ndrāya gı́ro ániśitasargā

apáh. prérayam . ságarasya budhnā´t |
yó áks.en.eva cakrı́yā śácı̄bhir
vı́s.vaktastámbha pr.thiv´ı̄mutá dyā´m || 4 ||

ā´pāntamanyustr.pálaprabharmā
. .rjı̄s.´ı̄ |
dhúnih. śı́mı̄vāñchárumām̃
sómo vı́śvānyatasā´ vánāni
nā´rvā´gı́ndram. pratimā´nāni debhuh. || 5 ||
 ✶✷✹✼

✶✳ ■ s❤❛❧❧ ❡①t♦❧ ♠♦st ♠❛♥❧② Indra ❜② ✇❤♦s❡ ❡①❝❡ss✐✈❡♥❡ss

■ ❤❛✈❡ ❤❛✈❡ ❞r✐✈❡♥ ❛♣❛rt ❧✉♠✐♥♦✉s s♣❤❡r❡s✱
❛♣❛rt t❤❡ ❡♥❞s ♦❢ t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤✱
❬Indra✱❪ ✇❤♦✱ s✉♣♣♦rt✐♥❣ t❤♦s❡ t❤❛t ❞r❛✇ t♦ t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s ✱
✶
❤❛s ✜❧❧❡❞ ❬t❤❡♠❪ ✉♣ t❤r♦✉❣❤♦✉t ❬t❤❡✐r❪ ❡①♣❛♥s❡s✱
❜❡✐♥❣ t❤r♦✉❣❤ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ✐♥❝r❡❛s❡ ✐♥ s✐③❡
✷
s✉♣❡r✐♦r t♦ t❤❡ r✐✈❡rs ✳
✸
✷✳ ❚❤❛t s✉♥ ❬s❤✐♥❡s❪ ❛❧❧ ♦✈❡r ✇✐❞❡ ❡①♣❛♥s❡s ❬♦❢ ❜♦t❤ Rodas-es❪ ✖
Indra ♠✐❣❤t ❤❛✈❡ t✉r♥❡❞ ❬✐t❪ r♦✉♥❞ ❧✐❦❡ ✇❤❡❡❧s ♦❢ ❛ ❝❛rr✐❛❣❡✳
❍❡ ❤❛s ✈❡❤❡♠❡♥t❧② r❡♣❡❧❧❡❞ ❞❛r❦ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ♦❜s❝✉r❛t✐♦♥s
❬t❤❛t ❛r❡❪ ❧✐❦❡ ✈♦❧❛t✐❧❡ ❞✐s♣❡rs✐♥❣ ❤❡r❞ ❧❡t ❧♦♦s❡ ❢r♦♠ ❛ st❛❜❧❡✳
✸✳ ❙✐♠✐❧❛r❧②✱ ❞♦ t❤♦✉ ✉♥r❡♠✐tt✐♥❣❧② s❤✐♥❡
❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ t❤r♦✉❣❤♦✉t t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤
✉♥❡q✉❛❧❡❞ ♥❡✇ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥ ❢♦r t❤✐s ♦♥❡✱ ✇❤♦✱ ❬❜❡✐♥❣❪ Indra✱
✐♥ ♦r❞❡r ♥♦t t♦ ❛tt❛❝❦ t❤❡ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥✱
❤❛s ❞✐s❝❡r♥❡❞ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❛t✐♦♥s ♦❢ r✐s✐♥❣ ✉♣✇❛r❞s ♦♥❡
✹
✐♥ t❤❡ s❛♠❡ ♠❛♥♥❡r ❛s ❬❤❡ ❤❛s ❞✐s❝❡r♥❡❞❪
❢♦r♠✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❜❛s❡ ❬✐♠♣✉❧s✐♦♥s❪✳
✖✖
✹✳ ❋♦r Indra ■ s❤❛❧❧ ❝❛✉s❡ ❝❤❛♥ts✱
❬❛♥❞❪ ❤❛✈✐♥❣✲s♣♦♥t❛♥❡♦✉s✲❣✉s❤❡s ✇❛t❡rs
t♦ ❛r✐s❡ ❢r♦♠ ✏t❤❡ ❜❛s❡ ♦❢ s✇❛❧❧♦✇✐♥❣✑ ✱
✺
❬❢♦r ❤✐♠✱❪ ✇❤♦✱ ❜② ✉s✐♥❣ ❬❤✐s❪ ❡♥❛❜❧✐♥❣ ♣♦✇❡rs✱ ❤❛s ✜①❡❞
t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤ ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ♦♥ t✇♦ ❬♦♣♣♦s✐t❡❪ s✐❞❡s ✖
❧✐❦❡ t✇♦ ✇❤❡❡❧s ❬❛r❡❪ ❜② ❛♥ ❛①❧❡✳
✺✳ ❘❡❛❝❤✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❝♦r❡ ♦❢ ❬♦♥❡✬s❪ r❛❣❡ ❬❤❡
✻ ✐s❪ ❝♦♥❞✉❝✐✈❡
t♦ ❛❧❧❛②✐♥❣ ✐t ❜② ♣❧❛❝✐♥❣ ❜❡❢♦r❡ ❬♦♥❡✬s ♠✐♥❞ ✐ts s♦✉r❝❡❪✳
❚✉♠✉❧t✉♦✉s ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞✲❜②✲❡①❡rt✐♦♥ ❛r♠❡❞ ✇✐t❤ ♠✐ss✐❧❡s
❤❛✈✐♥❣✲❞✐r❡❝t✲✐♠♣❛❝t ❬✐s t❤✐s ♦♥❡ ❪✳
✼
Soma ❬✈s✳❪ ❛❧❧ s❤r✉❜s ❬❛♥❞❪ t❤✐❝❦❡ts✿
✐♥ t❤✐s r❡s♣❡❝t ♥♦ ♣r♦①✐❡s ❞❡❝❡✐✈❡❞ Indra✱

✶ t❤❡ s❡♥s❡s
✷ ❂ ✢♦✇s ♦❢ s❡♥s♦r② st✐♠✉❧✐
✸ manipūra ❝❛❦r❛
.
✹ ✐♥♥❡r Soma
✺ ♣r♦❜✳ t❤❡ ♣❧❛❝❡ ✇❤❡r❡ ❧❛r②♥❣❡❛❧ ✈♦✐❝❡✲s♦✉♥❞s ❛r❡ ♣r♦❞✉❝❡❞
✻ Soma
✼ Indra
✶✷✹✽

ná yásya dyā´vāpr.thiv´ı̄ ná dhánva

nā´ntáriks.am . nā´drayah. sómo aks.āh. |
yádasya manyúradhinı̄yámānah.
śr.n.ā´ti vı̄..dú rujáti sthirā´n.i || 6 ||

jaghā´na vr.trám . svádhitirváneva

rurója púro áradanná sı́ndhūn |
bibhéda girı́m . návamı́nná kumbhám
ā´ gā´ ı́ndro akr.n.uta svayúgbhih. || 7 ||

. ha tyádr.n.ayā´ indra dh´ı̄ro sı́rná

′
tvám
párva vr.jinā´ śr.n.āsi |
prá yé mitrásya várun.asya dhā´ma
. ná jánā minánti mitrám || 8 ||
yújam

prá yé mitrám . prā´ryamán.am . durévāh.

prá sam . gı́rah
. prá várun am
. . minánti |
nyàmı́tres.u vadhámindra túmram .
vŕ..sanvŕ..sān.amarus.ám . śiśı̄hi || 9 ||

ı́ndro divá ı́ndra ı̄śe pr.thivyā´

ı́ndro apā´mı́ndra ı́tpárvatānām |
ı́ndro vr.dhā´mı́ndra ı́nmédhirān.ām
ı́ndrah. ks.éme yóge hávya ı́ndrah. || 10 ||

prā´ktúbhya ı́ndrah. prá vr.dhó áhabhyah.

prā´ntáriks.ātprá samudrásya dhāséh. |
prá vā´tasya práthasah. prá jmó ántāt
prá sı́ndhubhyo ririce prá ks.itı́bhyah. || 11 ||
 ✶✷✹✾

✻✳ ✇❤♦s❡ ❬r❛❣❡❪ ♥❡✐t❤❡r t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤✱

♥♦r t❤❡ ✐♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ s♣❛❝❡✱
♥♦t ❛ ❞❡s❡rt✱ ♥♦t r♦❝❦s ✖ ❬♦♥❧②❪ Soma ❤❛s ❞✐st✐❧❧❡❞✳
❲❤❡♥ ❤✐s r❛❣❡ ✐s r❛✐s❡❞ ❛❜♦✈❡ t❤❡ ♦r❞✐♥❛r② ♠❡❛s✉r❡✱
❤❡ ❝r✉s❤❡s ✇❤❛t✬s ✜r♠✱ s❤❛tt❡rs ✇❤❛t ✐s st✉r❞②✳
✼✳ ❍❡ ❤❛s s❧❛②❡❞ Vr.tra ❧✐❦❡ ❛♥ ❛① t❤✐❝❦❡ts❀
❤❡ ❤❛s s❤❛tt❡r❡❞ t❤❡ ✇❛❧❧s❀
❤❡ ❤❛s ❧❡❞ ❬✐♥♥❡r ✇❛t❡rs❪ ❛s ✐❢ r✐✈❡rs ✐♥t♦ ❝❤❛♥♥❡❧s❀
❤❡ ❤❛s r❡♥❞ ❛s✉♥❞❡r t❤❡ ♠♦✉♥t❛✐♥
❛s ✐❢ ❬✐t ✇❛s❪ ❥✉st ❛ ♥❡✇ ❥❛r✳
Indra t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ❤✐s t❡❛♠♠❛t❡s ❞r♦✈❡ ❝♦✇s ♥❡❛r✳
✽ ✾
✖✖
✽✳ ❚❤♦✉✱ ❛s ✐t ✐s ❦♥♦✇♥✱ ❛r❡ ❣♦✐♥❣ ❛❢t❡r ❞❡❜ts✱ ❖ Indra✦
▲✐❦❡ ❛ ❦♥✐❢❡ ❛ ❥♦✐♥t✱ t❤♦✉✱ ❢❛❝✐❧✐t❛t✐♥❣ ❝♦♥t❡♠♣❧❛t✐♦♥s✱
❝r✉s❤ ❞❡❝❡✐t❢✉❧ ❬♣❧❛♥s❪✳
Pr♦❬♠♦t❡❪ t❤♦s❡ ♣❡rs♦♥s✱ ✇❤♦ ❞♦ ♥♦t ❞✐♠✐♥✐s❤
t❤❡ st❛t❡ ♦❢ Mitra✱ ♦❢ Varun.a ❬♦r❪ ❛ ❥♦✐♥❡❞ ❛❧❧✐❛♥❝❡✦
✾✳ ❚❤♦s❡✱ ✇❤♦✱ ❜❡✐♥❣ ✐❧❧✲❞✐s♣♦s❡❞✱ ♥❡❣❧❡❝t
Mitra✱ Aryaman✱ Varun.a✱ ♦r ❬t❤❡✐r❪ ♣r♦♠✐s❡s✱
❬❤✉r❧ ❪ ❛❣❛✐♥st ❬t❤♦s❡❪ ❤♦st✐❧❡s ❝♦♥❝❡♥tr❛t❡❞ ❞❡❛❞❧② ✇❡❛♣♦♥✱
✶✵
❖ Indra✦
❙❤❛r♣❡♥ ❛ t❛♠❡ ❜✉❧❧✱ ❖ ❜✉❧❧✦
✶✵✳ Indra ❬✐s t❤❡ r✉❧❡r❪ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥✱
Indra ✐s t❤❡ r✉❧❡r ♦❢ t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤✱
Indra ❬✐s t❤❡ r✉❧❡r❪ ♦❢ ✇❛t❡rs✱ Indra ❬✐s t❤❡ r✉❧❡r❪ ♦❢ ❦♥♦tt② ♦♥❡s✱
Indra ❬✐s t❤❡ r✉❧❡r❪ ♦❢ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥✐♥❣✱
♦♥❧② Indra ❬✐s t❤❡ r✉❧❡r❪ ♦❢ t❤♦s❡ ♣♦ss❡ss✐♥❣ ♦❢ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱
Indra ✐s t♦ ❜❡ ❝❛❧❧❡❞ ✉♣♦♥ ✇❤❡♥ ❞✇❡❧❧✐♥❣ ✐♥ ♣❡❛❝❡✱
❬♦r❪ ✇❤❡♥ ❜❡✐♥❣ ❡♥❣❛❣❡❞ ❬✐♥ ✇❛r❪✳
✶✶✳ Indra ♣r♦❥❡❝ts ❜❡②♦♥❞ t❤❡ ❞❛r❦♥❡ss ♦❢ t❤❡ ♥✐❣❤t✱
❜❡②♦♥❞ t❤❡ ❞❛②s ♦❢ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥✐♥❣✱
❜❡②♦♥❞ t❤❡ ✐♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ s♣❛❝❡✱ ❜❡②♦♥❞ t❤❡ s❡❛t ♦❢ t❤❡ s❡❛ ✱ ✶✶
❜❡②♦♥❞ t❤❡ ❡①t❡♥s✐♦♥ ♦❢ t❤❡ ✇✐♥❞ ✱ ✶✷
❜❡②♦♥❞ t❤❡ ❜♦✉♥❞❛r② ♦❢ t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤✱
❜❡②♦♥❞ t❤❡ r✐✈❡rs ✱ ❜❡②♦♥❞ t❤❡ ❝❧❛♥s✳
✶✸

✽ ♣r♦❜✳ ❞r♦♣s ♦❢ Soma

✾ ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s
✶✵ jahi
✶✶ ❤❡❛rt ❝❛❦r❛
✶✷ ✈✐t❛❧ ❛✐r
✶✸ str❡❛♠s ♦❢ st✐♠✉❧✐
✶✷✺✵

prá śóśucatyā us.áso ná ketúr

asinvā´ te vartatāmindra hetı́h. |
áśmeva vidhya divá ā´ sr.jānás
tápis..thena hés.asā dróghamitrān || 12 ||

ánváha mā´sā ánvı́dvánānyánvós.adhı̄r

ánu párvatāsah. |
ánvı́ndram. ródası̄ vāvaśāné
ánvā´po ajihata jā´yamānam || 13 ||

kárhi svitsā´ ta indra cetyā´sad

aghásya yádbhinádo ráks.a és.at |
mitrakrúvo yáchásane ná gā´vah.
pr.thivyā´ āpŕ.gamuyā´ śáyante || 14 ||

śatrūyánto abhı́ yé nastatasré

máhi vrā´dhanta ogan.ā´sa indra |
andhénāmı́trāstámasā sacantām .
sujyotı́s.o aktávastā´m̃
. abhı́ .syuh. || 15 ||

purū´n.i hı́ tvā sávanā jánānām.

bráhmān.i mándangr.n.atā´mŕ..sı̄n.ām |
imā´māghós.annávasā sáhūtim .
. árcato yāhyarvā´ṅ || 16 ||
tiró vı́śvām̃

evā´ te vayámindra bhuñjatı̄nā´m.

vidyā´ma sumatı̄nā´m . návānām |
vidyā´ma vástorávasā gr.n.ánto
viśvā´mitrā utá ta indra nūnám || 17 ||

śunám . huvema maghávānamı́ndram

asmı́nbháre nŕ.tamam . vā´jasātau |
śr.n.vántamugrámūtáye samátsu
ghnántam . vr.trā´n.i sam . dhánānām || 18 ||
. jı́tam
 ✶✷✺✶

✶✷✳ ❆s ❛ ❜❛♥♥❡r ♦❢ ❡✈❡r✲s❤✐♥✐♥❣ ❉❛✇♥✱

❧❡t t❤❛t t❤②✱ ❖ Indra✱ ✐♥s❛t✐❛❜❧❡ ♠✐ss✐❧❡ ❞r❛✇ ♥❡❛r✦
▲✐❦❡ ❛ st♦♥❡ ❤✉r❧❡❞ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ s❦②✱ ♣✐❡r❝❡
✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ♠♦st✲❜✉r♥✐♥❣ ✜r❡ t❤♦s❡ ✇❤♦ ✐♥❥✉r❡ ❬t❤❡✐r❪ ❜❡♥❡❢❛❝t♦r✦
✶✸✳ ▼♦♥t❤s ❜❡t♦♦❦ t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s
t♦ ❢♦❧❧♦✇ ♠❛❞❡✲♠❛♥✐❢❡st Indra✱
❞❡s✐r❡s✱ ❤❡r❜s✱ ❦♥♦tt② ♦♥❡s✱
❡❛❣❡r❧② ❞❡s✐r✐♥❣ Rodas✲❡s✱ ❬❛♥❞❪ ✇❛t❡rs ❬t♦♦❪✳
✶✹✳ ❲❤❡♥✱ ♣r❛②✱ t❤❛t t❤② ❬♠✐ss✐❧❡❪✱ ❖ Indra✱
s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ♣❡r❝❡✐✈❛❜❧❡
s♦ t❤❛t t❤♦✉ ✇✐❧❧ ❜r❡❛❦ ✉♣ ❝r❡❡♣✐♥❣ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❞❡❢❡♥s❡s
♦❢ t❤❡ ❡✈✐❧ ♦♥❡✱
s♦ t❤❛t Mitrakru✲s ✖ ❧✐❦❡ ❝♦✇s ❛t ❛ s❧❛✉❣❤t❡r ✖
✐♥ ❝♦♥t❛❝t ✇✐t❤ ✐t ✇✐❧❧ r❡♣♦s❡ ❬❛✇❛②❪ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤❄
✖✖
✶✺✳ ❚❤♦s❡ ✇❤♦ ❛r❡ ❜❡❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❛s ❡♥❡♠✐❡s t♦✇❛r❞s ✉s✱
t❤❡② ❞✐❞ ❝❛st t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s ❛s ✉♥✐t❡❞
✶✹
❬❛♥❞ t❤✉s❪ r❡✐♥❢♦r❝✐♥❣ ❬❡❛❝❤ ♦t❤❡r❪✳
▲❡t t❤❡②✱ ❤♦st✐❧❡✱ ❛ss♦❝✐❛t❡ t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s ✇✐t❤ ❜❧✐♥❞ ✐❣♥♦r❛♥❝❡✱
❬s♦ t❤❛t❪ ✇❡❧❧✲✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t❡❞ ♥✐❣❤ts ♠✐❣❤t ❜❡ ♦✈❡r t❤❡♠✦
✶✻✳ ❙✐♥❝❡ ♠❛♥② ♠❡♥✬s ♣r❡ss✐♥❣s ❛♥❞ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥s
♦❢ ❡①t♦❧❧✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡❡❪ s❡❡rs s❤❛❧❧ ✜r❡ t❤❡❡ ✉♣✱
❧✐st❡♥✐♥❣ ❢❛✈♦r❛❜❧② t♦ t❤✐s ❝♦✲✐♥✈♦❝❛t✐♦♥✱
❤✐t❤❡r ❥♦✉r♥❡② ♣❛st ❛❧❧ ♣r❛✐s✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡❡❪✦
✶✼✳ ❊✈❡♥ s♦✱ ♠❛② ✇❡ ✜♥❞ ❢♦r t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Indra✱
❜❡✐♥❣✲♦❢✲✉s❡ ♥♦✈❡❧ ❡✛❡❝t✐✈❡ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❣❡st✉r❡s✦
❆♥❞ ♠❛② ✇❡✱ ❡①t♦❧❧✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡❡❪ ❢❛✈♦r❛❜❧② Viśvāmitra✲s✱
✜♥❞ t❤② r❡❛❧ s✉❜st❛♥❝❡✱ ❛♥❞ t❤❡r❡❢♦r❡✱ t❤② ❬tr❡❛s✉r❡❪✦
✖✖
✶✽✳ ❍❛♣♣✐❧② ✇❡ ❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s Indra ✖
t❤❡ ♠♦st ♠❛♥❧② ✐♥ ❤✐♠
✇❤♦ ✐s ❜❡❛r✐♥❣ ❬❤✐♠❪ ❞✉r✐♥❣ ❣❛✐♥✐♥❣ ❛ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱
❛tt❡♥t✐✈❡ ❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s ✖ t♦ ❤❡❧♣ ✐♥ ❝❧❛s❤❡s
❬✉♣♦♥ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ✐s❪ s✉❜❞✉✐♥❣ Vr.tra✲s✱ ❬✇❤♦ ✐s❪ ❛ ✇✐♥♥❡r ♦❢ ♣r✐③❡s✳

✶✹ ❧✐t✳ ✏❞❡❝♦r❛t❡❞ ❛s✑

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✵✳✾✻

Baru Āṅgirasa | ✶✕✶✶ Jagatı̄✱ ✶✷✕✶✸ Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra✬s ❤♦rs❡s ✭❄✮

prá te mahé vidáthe śam . sis.am. hárı̄

prá te vanve vanús.o haryatám . mádam |
ghr.tám . ná yó háribhiśc ´
ā ru sécata
ā´ tvā viśantu hárivarpasam . gı́rah. || 1 ||

hárim . hı́ yónimabhı́ yé samásvaran

hinvánto hárı̄ divyám . yáthā sádah. |
ā´ yám pr
. .. n ánti háribhirná dhenáva
ı́ndrāya śūs.ám
. hárivantamarcata || 2 ||

só asya vájro hárito yá āyasó

hárirnı́kāmo hárirā´ gábhastyoh. |
dyumn´ı̄ suśipró hárimanyusāyaka
ı́ndre nı́ rūpā´ háritā mimiks.ire || 3 ||

divı́ ná ketúrádhi dhāyi haryató

vivyácadvájro hárito ná rám . hyā |
tudádáhim. háriśipro yá āyasáh
.
sahásraśokā abhavaddharimbharáh. || 4 ||

tvám. tvamaharyathā úpastutah.

pū´rvebhirindra harikeśa yájvabhih. |
tvám. haryasi táva vı́śvamukthyàm
ásāmi rā´dho harijāta haryatám || 5 ||

tā´ vajrı́n.am
. mandı́nam. stómyam . máda
ı́ndram . ráthe vahato haryatā´ hárı̄ |
purū´n.yasmai sávanāni háryata
ı́ndrāya sómā hárayo dadhanvire || 6 ||
 ✶✷✺✸

✶✳ ■ s❤❛❧❧ st✐♠✉❧❛t❡ ❛t ❛ ❣r❡❛t ❦♥♦✇❧❡❞❣❡✲s❤❛r✐♥❣ s❡ss✐♦♥

t❤② t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s✱
■ ❬✇✐❧❧❪ ❣❛✐♥ ❢♦r t❤❡❡ ❢r♦♠ ❛ ③❡❛❧♦✉s ♦♥❡
t♦✲❜❡✲❞❡❧✐❣❤t❡❞✲✐♥ ✇✐♥❡✱
✇❤✐❝❤✱ ❧✐❦❡ ❡st❡❡♠❡❞ ❣❤❡❡✱ ❜❡s♣r✐♥❦❧❡s ✇✐t❤ ♣❛❧❡✲②❡❧❧♦✇ ❬❞r♦♣s❪✳
▲❡t t❤❡ ❝❤❛♥ts ❡♥t❡r t❤❡❡ ❬✇❤♦❪ ❤❛s ❝❤❛r♠✐♥❣ ❛♣♣❡❛r❛♥❝❡✳
✷✳ ❙✐♥❝❡ t❤♦s❡✱ ✇❤♦ ✐♥t♦♥❡❞ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ❬❛ ❝❤❛♥t❪
t♦✇❛r❞s t❤❡ ❣♦❧❞❡♥ ✇♦♠❜✱
✶
❛r❡ ✉r❣✐♥❣ t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s ❛s ✐❢ t♦✇❛r❞s ❝❡❧❡st✐❛❧ s❡❛t✱
t♦ Indra ②❡ s❤❛❧❧ ♣r❛✐s❡ ✐♥ ❛ ✈❡rs❡
❤✐❣❤✲s♣✐r✐t❡❞ ❤❛✈✐♥❣✲t❛✇♥②✲♦♥❡s ♦♥❡ ✷
✇❤♦♠ t❤❡② ✜❧❧❡❞ ❧✐❦❡ ♠✐❧❝❤✲❝♦✇s ✇✐t❤ ♣❛❧❡✲②❡❧❧♦✇
❬❞r♦♣s ♦❢ Soma❪✳
✸✳ ❚❤❛t ❤✐s ❡♥❝❤❛♥t❡❞ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t ✇❤✐❝❤ ❬✐s❪ ✐r♦♥✱ ❡♥❝❤❛♥t✐♥❣✱
✸
❬✐s❪ ❞✐s♣❛ss✐♦♥❛t❡✱ ❬❛♥❞✱❪ ✇❤❡♥ ✐♥ ❤❛♥❞s✱ ❡♥❝❤❛♥t✐♥❣✱
♣♦ss❡ss✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t❡✱ ❝❤♦♦s②✱
✐♥t❡♥❞❡❞ t♦ ❜❡ ❞✐s❝❤❛r❣❡❞ ❛s ❡♥❝❤❛♥t✐♥❣✲t❤❡✲♠✐♥❞ r❛❣❡ ✖
❡♥❝❤❛♥t❡❞ ❢❡❛t✉r❡s ❤❛s ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ♣r❡s❡♥t ✐♥ Indra✳
✹✳ ❚♦✲❜❡✲❞❡❧✐❣❤t❡❞✲✐♥ ❬Soma❪ ✇❛s ♣❧❛❝❡❞ ❧✐❦❡ ❛ ❜❛♥♥❡r ✐♥ t❤❡ s❦②✳
❚❤❡ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t ❛s ✐❢ ❡♥❝❤❛♥t❡❞ ❜② ❡❛❣❡r♥❡ss
s❤❛❧❧ ❡♥❝♦♠♣❛ss ❬❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣❪✳
❍❛✈✐♥❣✲❣♦❧❞❡♥✲❧✐♣s ♦♥❡ s❤❛❧❧ ✈❡① t❤❡ s♥❛❦❡✳
❚❤❛t✱ ✇❤✐❝❤ ❬✐s❪ ✐r♦♥✱ ❜❡❛r✐♥❣ ♣❛❧❡✲②❡❧❧♦✇✲♦♥❡ ✱ ✹
❜❡❝❛♠❡ ❬❛s ✐❢❪ ❡♠✐tt✐♥❣ ❛ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞ ✢❛♠❡s✳
✺✳ ❚❤♦✉✱ t❤♦✉ ✇❡r❡ ♣❧❡❛s❡❞ ❬❜❡✐♥❣❪ ♣r❛✐s❡❞
❜② ♠❛❦✐♥❣✲♦✛❡r✐♥❣s ❛♥❝✐❡♥ts✱ ❖ ❣♦❧❞❡♥✲❤❛✐r❡❞ Indra✦
❚❤♦✉ ❛r❡ ♣❧❡❛s❡❞ ❬♥♦✇❪ ✖ t❤② ❬✐s❪ ❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣ t♦✲❜❡✲♣r❛✐s❡❞✳
❈♦♠♣❧❡t❡ s❛t✐s❢❛❝t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❬♦✉r❪ ❞❡s✐r❡ ❬✐s❪ t♦✲❜❡✲❞❡❧✐❣❤t❡❞✲✐♥✱
❖ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❡❞✲❜②✲♣❛❧❡✲②❡❧❧♦✇ ♦♥❡✦
✻✳ ❚❤❡②✱ t✇♦ t♦✲❜❡✲❞❡❧✐❣❤t❡❞✲✐♥ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s ❝♦♥✈❡② Indra
♦♥✴♦♥t♦ ❛ ❝❤❛r✐♦t ✖
♣♦ss❡ss✐♥❣✲♦❢✲❞❡❧✐❣❤t✱ t♦✲❜❡✲❡①t♦❧❧❡❞ ✇❤❡♥ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t❡❞
t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲✇✐❡❧❞❡r✳
▼❛♥② ❬✇❡r❡❪ ♣r❡ss✐♥❣s ❢♦r ❤✐♠✱ ❡♥❝❤❛♥t✐♥❣✲t❤❡✲♠✐♥❞ ♦♥❡✱
❢♦r Indra ♣❛❧❡✲②❡❧❧♦✇ Soma ❬❥✉✐❝❡s❪ ❤❛✈❡ ❤❛st❡♥❡❞✳
✶ ❧✐t✳ hiran
✏t❛✇♥②✑ ❜✉t ✐♥t❡r♣r❡t❡❞ ❛s ✏❣♦❧❞❡♥✑ ❂ . yaya ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢
✾✳✼✶✳✻❛❜
✷ ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡r
✸ Indra✬s
✹ Soma ❥✉✐❝❡
✶✷✺✹

áram. kā´māya hárayo dadhanvire

sthirā´ya hinvanhárayo hárı̄ turā´ |
árvadbhiryó háribhirjós.am´ı̄yate
só asya kā´mam . hárivantamānaśe || 7 ||

háriśmaśārurhárikeśa āyasás
turaspéye yó haripā´ ávardhata |
árvadbhiryó háribhirvājı́nı̄vasur
áti vı́śvā duritā´ pā´ris.addhárı̄ || 8 ||

srúveva yásya hárin.ı̄ vipetátuh.

śı́pre vā´jāya hárin.ı̄ dávidhvatah. |
prá yátkr.té camasé mármr.jaddhárı̄
pı̄tvā´ mádasya haryatásyā´ndhasah. || 9 ||

utá sma sádma haryatásya pastyòr

átyo ná vā´jam
. hárivām̃. acikradat |
mah´ı̄ ciddhı́ dhis.án.ā´haryadójasā
br.hádváyo dadhis.e haryatáścidā´ || 10 ||

ā´ ródası̄ háryamān.o mahitvā´

návyam . navyam . haryasi mánma nú priyám |
prá pastyàmasura haryatám . gór
āvı́s.kr.dhi háraye sū´ryāya || 11 ||

ā´ tvā haryántam . prayújo jánānām

.
ráthe vahantu háriśipramindra |
pı́bā yáthā prátibhr.tasya mádhvo
háryanyajñám . sadhamā´de dáśon.im || 12 ||
 ✶✷✺✺

✼✳ ❋✐t ❢♦r ❬❤✐s❪ ❧♦♥❣✐♥❣✱ ♣❛❧❡✲②❡❧❧♦✇ ❬Soma ❥✉✐❝❡s❪ ❤❛✈❡ ❤❛st❡♥❡❞✱

♣❛❧❡✲②❡❧❧♦✇ ❬❥✉✐❝❡s❪ s❤❛❧❧ ✐♥❝✐t❡ t✇♦ ♣r♦♠♣t t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s
❢♦r t❤❡ st❡❛❞❢❛st ♦♥❡✳
❍❡✱ ✇❤♦ ✐s ✉s✉❛❧❧② ♣❧❡❛s❡❞ ✇✐t❤ ♣❛❧❡✲②❡❧❧♦✇ ❝♦✉rs❡rs ✱
✺
❤❡ ❤❛s ❛tt❛✐♥❡❞ ❤❛✈✐♥❣✲t❛✇♥②✲♦♥❡s ♦❜❥❡❝t ♦❢ ❤✐s ❞❡s✐r❡✳
✻
✽✳ ❍❛✈✐♥❣ ❣♦❧❞❡♥ ❜❡❛r❞✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❣♦❧❞❡♥ ❤❛✐r✱ t❤❡ ✐r♦♥ ♦♥❡ ✖
✇❤♦✱ ❞r✐♥❦✐♥❣ ♣❛❧❡✲②❡❧❧♦✇✱ ❞✐❞ ❣r♦✇ str♦♥❣
❞✉r✐♥❣ ❞r✐♥❦✲♦❢✲s♣❡❡❞ ❬♣r❛❝t✐❝❡❪✱
✇❤♦ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ❤❡❧♣ ♦❢ ♣❛❧❡✲②❡❧❧♦✇ ❝♦✉rs❡rs
❤❛s t❤❡ ❜❡♥❡✜t ♦❢ ❤❡r ✇❤♦ ♣♦ss❡ss❡s t❤❡ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱
❤❡ s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ ❝❛rr✐❡❞ t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s ❛❝r♦ss ❛❧❧ ❞✐✣❝✉❧t✐❡s✳
✾✳ ❲❤♦s❡ t✇♦ ❬❧✐♣s❪✱ ❬t❤❛t ❛r❡❪ ❧✐❦❡ t✇♦ ❧❛❞❧❡s✱ ❤❛s ✢❡✇ ❛♣❛rt✱
♦❢ ❤✐♠ ❬✇❤♦ ✐s❪ ✈✐♦❧❡♥t❧② s❤❛❦✐♥❣ t✇♦ ♣❛❧❡✲r❡❞ ❧✐♣s
❢♦r t❤❡ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱
❤❡✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❞r✉♥❦ ♦❢ ❞❡❧✐❣❤t❡❞✲✐♥ ✇✐♥❡ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ❤❡r❜✱
s❤❛❧❧ r✉❜✲♦✛ ❬❤✐s❪ t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s ❜❡❢♦r❡ t❤❡ ❝✉♣ ✐s ❞♦♥❡✳
✶✵✳ ❆♥❞ s✉r❡❧②✱ t❤❡ ❛❜♦❞❡ ♦❢ ❞❡❧✐❣❤t❡❞✲✐♥ ❬Soma❪
❬✐s❪ ❜❡t✇❡❡♥ t✇♦ ❞✇❡❧❧✐♥❣s ✳ ✼
❍❡✱ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞✲❜②✲t❛✇♥②✲♦♥❡s✱ ❝❛❧❧❡❞ ♦✉t t❤❡ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r
❧✐❦❡ ❛ ❝♦✉rs❡r✳
❙✐♥❝❡ ❡✈❡♥ ❛ ♣♦t❡♥t ❡✛♦rt t♦ ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❡
❞✐❞ ✈✐❣♦r♦✉s❧② ❡♥❝❤❛♥t t❤❡ ♠✐♥❞✱
t❤♦✉✱ ❛❧s♦ ❞❡❧✐❣❤t❡❞✲✐♥✱ ❤❛✈❡ ✐♥st✐❧❧❡❞
❛♠♣❧❡ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❛♥❞ ❜♦❞✐❧② ✈✐❣♦✉r✳
✶✶✳ ❚❤r♦✉❣❤ ❬t❤②❪ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ✐♥❝r❡❛s❡ ✐♥ s✐③❡
❞❡❧✐❣❤t✐♥❣ ✐♥ t✇♦ Rodas✲❡s✱
♥♦✇ t❤♦✉ ❞❡❧✐❣❤t ✐♥ ❡✈❡r② ♥❡✇ ❝❤❡r✐s❤❡❞ ♠❛♥✐❝ t❤♦✉❣❤t✳
❉♦ ♠❛❦❡ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st t♦ t❤❡ ❣♦❧❞❡♥ s✉♥
❞❡❧✐❣❤t❡❞✲✐♥ st❛❧❧ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❝♦✇ ✱ ❖ ❣✉✐❞✐♥❣ s♣✐r✐t✦
✽
✶✷✳ ▲❡t t❤❡ ♠♦t✐✈❡s ♦❢ ❬t❤❡s❡❪ ❢♦❧❦s ❝♦♥✈❡② t❤❡❡✱
❞❡❧✐❣❤t✐♥❣✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣✲❣♦❧❞❡♥✲❧✐♣s ✱ ♦♥ ❛ ❝❤❛r✐♦t✱ ❖ Indra✦
✾
❉♦ ❞r✐♥❦ ♦✛❡r❡❞ ❤♦♥❡②✱ ❖ ❞❡❧✐❣❤t✐♥❣ ❛t ❛ ❞r✐♥❦✐♥❣ ❜♦✉t
✐♥ ♣♦ss❡ss✐♥❣✲t❡♥✲♣r♦t❡❝t✐♦♥s ✜r❡ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣✦

✺ ❞r♦♣s ♦❢ Soma ❥✉✐❝❡

✻ ❡①tr❛❝t ♦❢ Soma
✼ t✇♦ Rodas✲❡s
✽ ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥
✾ ♣r♦❜✳ r❡❢❡rs t♦ ❣♦❧❞❡♥✲❤❛✐r❡❞ ♠✉st❛❝❤❡
✶✷✺✻

ápāh. pū´rves.ām. harivah. sutā´nām

átho idám . sávanam . kévalam . te |
mamaddhı́ sómam . mádhumantamindra
satrā´ vr..sañjat.hára ā´ vr..sasva || 13 ||
 ✶✷✺✼

✶✸✳ ❚❤♦✉ ❞r❛♥❦ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❬ Soma ❞r♦♣s❪ ♦❢ ❛♥❝✐❡♥ts✱

❖ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞✲❜②✲t❛✇♥②✲♦♥❡s ♦♥❡✦

◆♦✇✱ t❤✐s ♣r❡ss✐♥❣ ✐s s♦❧❡❧② ❢♦r t❤❡❡✳

❘❡✈❡❧ ✐♥ r✐❝❤✲✐♥✲❤♦♥❡② Soma✱ ❖ Indra✦

P♦✉r ❬✐t❪ ✐♥ ❡✈❡r② ✇❛② ✐♥t♦ ❬t❤②❪ ❜❡❧❧②✱ ❖ ❜✉❧❧✦

❚❤✐s ❤②♠♥ ✉s❡s ❡①t❡♥s✐✈❡❧② ✇♦r❞s ❝♦♥t❛✐♥✐♥❣ s♦✉♥❞ har ❀ ❡✈❡r②

st❛♥③❛ ❤❛s ❛t ❧❡❛st ♦♥❡ s✉❝❤ ✇♦r❞✳ ❍❡r❡ ✐s t❤❡ ❧✐st ♦❢ t❤❡♠✿

hárı̄ t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ❤♦rs❡s ♦❢ Indra✱

hárivant ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞✲❜②✲t❛✇♥②✲♦♥❡s ♦♥❡✱

hári ♣❛❧❡✲②❡❧❧♦✇ ❝♦❧♦r ♦❢ Soma ❥✉✐❝❡✴❞r♦♣s✱

hári ♣❛❧❡✲r❡❞ ❝♦❧♦r ♦❢ ❧✐♣s✱

hári ❝❤❛r♠✐♥❣✱ ❡♥❝❤❛♥t✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♠✐♥❞✱

hári ❣♦❧❞❡♥✱

haryatá t♦✲❜❡✲❞❡❧✐❣❤t❡❞✲✐♥ ♦r ❞❡❧✐❣❤t❡❞✲✐♥✱

hárita ❡♥❝❤❛♥t❡❞✱

háryamāna ❞❡❧✐❣❤t✐♥❣ ✐♥✱

haryánt ❞❡❧✐❣❤t✐♥❣✱

√
hary t♦ ❜❡ ♣❧❡❛s❡❞✱

√
hr. t♦ ❡♥❝❤❛♥t t❤❡ ♠✐♥❞✳
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✵✳✾✾

Vamra Vaikhānasa | Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra

kám. naścitrámis.an.yasi cikitvā´n

pr.thugmā´nam . vāvr.dhádhyai |
. vāśrám
káttásya dā´tu śávaso vyùs..tau
táks.advájram. vr.tratúramápinvat || 1 ||

sá hı́ dyutā´ vidyútā véti sā´ma

pr.thúm. yónimasuratvā´ sasāda |
sá sánı̄..debhih. prasahānó asya
bhrā´turná .rté saptáthasya māyā´h. || 2 ||

sá vā´jam
. yā´tā´padus.padā yán
svars.ātā pári .sadatsanis.yán |
anarvā´ yáchatádurasya védo
ghnáñchiśnádevām̃ . abhı́ várpasā bhū´t || 3 ||

sá yahvyò ′vánı̄rgós.várvā´ juhoti

pradhanyā`su sásrih. |
apā´do yátra yújyāso ′rathā´
dron.yàśvāsa ´ı̄rate ghr.tám . vā´h. || 4 ||
 ✶✷✺✾

✶✳ ❲❤♦♠ ❛♠♦♥❣ ✉s ✇❤♦ ✐s ❛ttr❛❝t✐♥❣ s♣❡❝✐❛❧ ❛tt❡♥t✐♦♥

t❤♦✉ ✱ ❜❡✐♥❣ ❞✐s❝r✐♠✐♥❛t✐♥❣✱
✶
❞r✐✈❡ t♦ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥ ❜r♦❛❞♣❛t❤❡❞ r♦❛r✐♥❣ ❬t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t❪❄
❲❤❛t ❬✐s❪ ❤✐s ♣❛rt ♦❢ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡ ❛t t❤❡ ❜r❡❛❦ ♦❢ ❞❛✇♥❄
❍❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❢❛s❤✐♦♥ t❤❡ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✱
✷
❤❡ s❤❛❧❧ s✇❡❧❧ ❬✐t ✖ t♦ ❜❡❪ ❝♦♥t❡♥❞✐♥❣ ✇✐t❤ Vrtra✳
✸
✷✳ ❙✐♥❝❡ ✇✐t❤ ❛ s❤✐♥✐♥❣ ❧✐❣❤t♥✐♥❣ ❤❡ ❛r♦✉s❡s sāman✱.
✹
✉s✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r ♦❢ ❜❡✐♥❣ ❛ ❣✉✐❞✐♥❣ s♣✐r✐t
❤❡ ❤❛s s❡tt❧❡❞ ✐♥ t❤❡ ❜r♦❛❞ ✇♦♠❜✳
❍❡ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ♥❡st✲♠❛t❡s ✱ ♥♦t ✇✐t❤♦✉t ❤✐s ❜r♦t❤❡r ✱
✺ ✻ ✼
✐s ❛ ♠❛t❝❤
❢♦r ♣♦✇❡rs t♦ ❢r❛♠❡ ❬❝♦❣♥✐t✐♦♥❪ ♦❢ t❤❡ s❡✈❡♥t❤ ✳ ✽
✸✳ ❍❡ ✇✐❧❧ ❛rr✐✈❡ ❛t ❛ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r ♣r♦❝❡❡❞✐♥❣ ✇✐t❤ ❛ ✜r♠ st❡♣❀
✾
❞✉r✐♥❣ ❣❛✐♥✐♥❣ ♦❢ svàr ❤❡✱ str❡❛♠✐♥❣✱ s❤❛❧❧ s❡tt❧❡ ❛❧❧ ❛r♦✉♥❞
❬t❤❡ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞✲❞♦♦r ♣❛ss❛❣❡❪✳
❲❤❡♥ ♥♦t✲♦❜str✉❝t❡❞✱ ❤❡ ❬❣✐✈❡s❪ t❤❡ ❦♥♦✇❧❡❞❣❡
♦❢ t❤❡ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞✲❞♦♦r ❬♣❛ss❛❣❡ ❪✳ ✶✵
❙❧❛②✐♥❣ t❤♦s❡ ❢♦r ✇❤♦♠ ♣❤❛❧❧✉s ✐s deva
❤❡ s❤❛❧❧ ♣r❡❞♦♠✐♥❛t❡ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❬t❤❛t❪ ❛ss✉♠❡❞ ❢♦r♠ ✳ ✶✶
✹✳ ❙✉❝❤ ❝♦✉rs❡r ✱ s♣❡❡❞✐♥❣ ❛❧♦♥❣✱ s♣r✐♥❦❧❡s r❡st❧❡ss str❡❛♠s
✶✷ ✶✸
✐♥t♦ t♦✲❜❡✲♦✛❡r❡❞ ❝♦✇s ✱ ✶✹
✇❤❡r❡✈❡r ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ♥♦ ❢❡❡t✱ ♥♦ ❝❤❛r✐♦t✱ t♦✲❜❡✲❡♠♣❧♦②❡❞
❤❛✈✐♥❣✲✇♦♦❞❡♥✲❬❝✉♣s❪✲❢♦r✲❤♦rs❡s ♦♥❡s ✶✺
❛❣✐t❛t❡ ❣❤❡❡ ❬❛♥❞❪ st❛❧❡ ✇❛t❡r ✳
✶✻ ✶✼

✶ Indra
✷ Tvastr
. ..
✸ Indra
✹ ✐♥♥❡r Soma
✺ ♣r♦❜✳ Indra
✻ ♣r♦❜✳ Marut✲s
✼ ♣r♦❜✳ Agni
✽ mūlādhāra ❝❛❦r❛
✾ ✐♥♥❡r Soma
✶✵ s♣✐♥❡ ❝♦❧✉♠♥
✶✶ ♣r♦❜✳ t❤❡ ❢♦r♠ t❤❛t ✐♥ ❧❛t❡r t❡①ts ✐s ❝❛❧❧❡❞ śivaliṅga
✶✷ ♠❡t❡r
✶✸ ✐♥♥❡r ✇❛t❡rs ❣❡♥❡r❛t❡❞ ❜② ✐♥❝❡ss❛♥t ❡♠♦t✐♦♥s
✶✹ ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s
✶✺ ❞r♦♣s ♦❢ Soma ❥✉✐❝❡
✶✻ t❤❛t ✇❤✐❝❤ ❣✐✈❡s ❛ ♠♦♠❡♥t❛r② s❡♥s❡ ♦❢ ❤❡❛t ✐♥ t❤❡ ❜♦❞②
✶✼ t❤❛t ✇❤✐❝❤ ♠❛❦❡s ♦♥❡ ❢❡❡❧ ❝♦❧❞
✶✷✻✵

sá rudrébhiráśastavāra .ŕbhvā

hitv´ı̄ gáyamāré .avadya ā´gāt |
vamrásya manye mithunā´ vı́vavrı̄
ánnamabh´ı̄tyārodayanmus.āyán || 5 ||

sá ı́ddā´sam. tuvı̄rávam . pátirdán

.sa..daks.ám. triśı̄rs.ā´n.am
. damanyat |
asyá tritó nvójasā vr.dhānó
vipā´ varāhámáyo .agrayā han || 6 ||

sá drúhvan.e mánus.a ūrdhvasāná

ā´ sāvis.adarśasānā´ya śárum |
sá nŕ.tamo náhus.o ′smátsújātah.
púro ′bhinadárhandasyuhátye || 7 ||

só abhrı́yo ná yávasa udanyán

ks.áyāya gātúm . vidánno asmé |
úpa yáts´ı̄dadı́ndum . śárı̄raih.
śyenó ′yopās..tirhanti dásyūn || 8 ||

sá vrā´dhatah. śavasānébhirasya

. kr.pán.e párādāt |
kútsāya śús.n.am
ayám. kavı́manayachasyámānam
átkam. yó asya sánitotá nr.n.ā´m || 9 ||

ayám . daśasyánnáryebhirasya
dasmó devébhirvárun.o ná māy´ı̄ |
ayám . kan´ı̄na .rtupā´ avedyámimı̄tārárum
.
yáścátus.pāt || 10 ||
 ✶✷✻✶

✺✳ ❍❡
✶✽ ✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ✉♥t♦❧❞ ✇❡❛❧t❤ ❬②❡t❪ ♣r✉❞❡♥t ✇✐t❤ Rudra✲s
✶✾
❬❛s ✇✐t❤ s♦♥s❪ ✱
❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❛❜❛♥❞♦♥❡❞ ❬❤✐s❪ ❤♦✉s❡ ❬②❡t❪ ❢❛r✲❢r♦♠✲❜❡✐♥❣✲❜❧❛♠❡❞✱
❤❛s ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤❡❞✳
■ t❤✐♥❦ ♦❢ ❛ ♣❛✐r ♦✉t✲♦❢✲❤✐❞✐♥❣✲♣❧❛❝❡ ❛♥ts
✷✵ ✿
✷✶
✻✳ ♦♥❧② ❤❡ ✱ t❤❡ ♦✈❡rs❡❡r ♦❢ t❤❡ ❤♦✉s❡✱ s❤❛❧❧ t❛♠❡
♠❛❦✐♥❣ ♠✉❝❤✲♥♦✐s❡✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ s✐① ❡②❡s✱ t❤r❡❡ ❤❡❛❞s s❛✈❛❣❡✳
Trita✷✷ ✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ str♦♥❣❡r t❤r♦✉❣❤ ❤✐s
✷✸ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱
s❤❛❧❧ str✐❦❡ t❤❡ ❜♦❛r
✷✹ ✇✐t❤ ✐r♦♥✲t✐♣♣❡❞✷✺ s❤❛❢t✳
✼✳ ❍❡✱ s❡❡❦✐♥❣✲t♦✲❡❧❡✈❛t❡✱ ❤❛s ❛ss✐❣♥❡❞ t❤❡ ❛rr♦✇
t♦ ❛ ❞❡❝❡✐t❢✉❧✱ s❡❡❦✐♥❣✲t♦✲❤❛r♠ ♠❛♥✳
❍❡✱ t❤❡ ♠♦st ♠❛♥❧② ❢❡❧❧♦✇❬✲✜❣❤t❡r❪✱ ♥♦❜❧② ❡♥❣❡♥❞❡r❡❞ ❜② ✉s✱
❛t ❦✐❧❧✐♥❣ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡s t♦ s✉✛❡r ✇❛♥t r❡♥❞s ❛s✉♥❞❡r str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞s✱
❜❡✐♥❣ ❛❧❧♦✇❡❞ ❬t♦ ❞♦ s♦❪✳
✽✳ ❬❆s ❡❛s✐❧②❪ ❛s ❛ ❝❧♦✉❞ ♦✈❡r ❛ ♣❛st✉r❡ ❬✐s❪ ✇❛t❡r✐♥❣ ❬✐t❪✱
❤❡ s❤❛❧❧ ✜♥❞ ❢♦r ✉s ❛♥ ✉♥✐♠♣❡❞❡❞ ✇❛② t♦ t❤❡ ❛❜♦❞❡ ✐♥ ✉s✳
❲❤❡♥ ❤❡ ✇✐❧❧ ♣❤②s✐❝❛❧❧② ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤ t❤❡ ❞r♦♣ ♦❢ ♣✉r❡st Soma✱
❤❛✈✐♥❣ ✐r♦♥ ❝❧❛✇s ❤❛✇❦ ❬✇♦✉❧❞❪ s❧❛② t❤❡ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡✲t♦✲s✉✛❡r✲✇❛♥t✳
✾✳ ❲✐t❤ ❝❤❛♥❣✐♥❣ ♣♦✇❡r❢✉❧❧② ❬❞r♦♣s❪ ♦❢ t❤✐s r❡✐♥❢♦r❝✐♥❣ ❬Soma❪
❤❡ ❣❛✈❡ ❛✇❛② Śus.n.a t♦ ✐♠♣❧♦r✐♥❣ ❬❤✐♠❪ Kutsa✳
❚❤✐s ♦♥❡ ❣✉✐❞❡❞ t❤❡ ♣♦❡t t♦ ❜❡✐♥❣✲r❡❝✐t❡❞ ✏❛r♠♦✉r✑✱
❬t❤❡ ♣♦❡t❪ ✇❤♦ ✇✐❧❧ ♣r♦❝✉r❡ ❤✐♠ ❛♥❞ ♠❡♥✳
✶✵✳ ❚❤✐s ♦♥❡ ❬✐s❪ r❡♥❞❡r✐♥❣ s❡r✈✐❝❡ ✇✐t❤ ❤✐s ♠❛♥❧② ❬❧❛❜♦rs❪
✷✻ ✱
❛❝❝♦♠♣❧✐s❤✐♥❣ ✇♦♥❞❡r❢✉❧ ❞❡❡❞s t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ deva✲s✱
❧✐❦❡ Varun.a ❤❡ ❤❛s t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❢r❛♠❡
❬✐❞❡❛s ❛♥❞ ♣❡r❝❡♣t✐♦♥❪✳
❚❤✐s ♦♥❡✱ ②♦✉t❤❢✉❧✱ ✐s ❦♥♦✇♥ ❛s ❛ ❞r✐♥❦❡r ❛t ❛ ♣r♦♣❡r ♠♦♠❡♥t✱
❤❡ ♠❛r❦❡❞ ♦✛ ❛ ♥♦t✲❧✐❜❡r❛❧ ❬✇♦rs❤✐♣❡r❪
❬❛s❪ ❜❡✐♥❣ ❛ ❢♦✉r✲❧❡❣❣❡❞ ❬❝r❡❛t✉r❡❪✳

✶✽ Indra
✶✾ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✶✳✶✵✵✳✺❛
✷✵ ❤❡r❡ ✏❛♥t✑ ✐s ❛ ♣❛✐♥❢✉❧ ♠❡♠♦r② t❤❛t ❛s ✐❢ st✐♥❣s ♦♥❡ ✇❤❡♥ r❡❝♦❧❧❡❝t❡❞❀ t❤❛t
✏❛♥t✑ ✇❤✐❝❤ ♠❛❦❡s ♦♥❡ ✇❡❡♣✱ r♦❜s Indra ♦❢ ❤✐s ❢♦♦❞ ✖ ♣❡♥t ✉♣ r❛❣❡
✷✶ Indra
✷✷ ♣r♦❜✳ t❤❡ t❤✐r❞✱ ♦r t❤r♦❛t✱ ❝❛❦r❛
✷✸ Indra✬s
✷✹ ♣r♦❜✳ Visnu
..
✷✺ ♣r♦❜✳ ✏❡♥❞✐♥❣ ✇✐t❤ anusvāra s♦✉♥❞✑
✷✻ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✽✳✾✻✳✷✶❝
✶✷✻✷

asyá stómebhirauśijá .rjı́śvā

vrajám. darayadvr..sabhén.a pı́proh. |
sútvā yádyajató dı̄dáyadg´ı̄h.
púra iyānó abhı́ várpasā bhū´t || 11 ||

evā´ mahó asura vaks.áthāya

vamrakáh. pad.bhı́rúpa sarpadı́ndram |
sá iyānáh. karati svastı́masmā
ı́s.amū´rjam . vı́śvamā´bhāh. || 12 ||
. suks.itı́m
 ✶✷✻✸

✶✶✳ ❲✐t❤ ❤②♠♥s ♦❢ ♣r❛✐s❡ ♦❢ t❤✐s ♦♥❡✱ str✐✈✐♥❣ ❡❛r♥❡st❧② R.jiśvan

t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ r❡s❡♠❜❧✐♥❣✲❛✲❜✉❧❧ ♦♥❡ s❤❛❧❧ t❡❛r ♦♣❡♥
t❤❡ ❡♥❝❧♦s✉r❡ ♦❢ Pipru✳
❲❤❡♥ ✇♦rt❤② ♦❢ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡ ♦♥❡ ❬✐s❪ ✐♥✲♣♦ss❡ss✐♦♥ ♦❢ ♣r❡ss❡❞ ❬Soma❪✱
❛ ❝❤❛♥t s❤❛❧❧ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t❡✳
❘❡♣❡❛t❡❞❧② ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤✐♥❣ str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞s✱
❤❡ s❤❛❧❧ ♣r❡❞♦♠✐♥❛t❡ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❛♥ ❛ss✉♠❡❞ ❢♦r♠✳
✶✷✳ ❏✉st ❛s s✇✐❢t❧②✱ ❖ ❣✉✐❞✐♥❣ s♣✐r✐t✱ ✐♥ ♦r❞❡r t♦ ✐♥✈✐❣♦r❛t❡✱
❛ s♠❛❧❧ ❛♥t ♦♥ ❤✐s ♠❛♥② ❢❡❡t s❤❛❧❧ ❣❡♥t❧② ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤ Indra✳
❍❡✱ ❝♦♠✐♥❣ ❛❣❛✐♥ ❛♥❞ ❛❣❛✐♥✱ ❝r❡❛t❡s ✇❡❧❧✲❜❡✐♥❣ ❢♦r t❤✐s ♦♥❡ ✖
✐♥✈✐❣♦r❛t✐♥❣ ❞r❛✉❣❤t✱ ❛ ♣❧❛❝❡ ♦❢ r❡❢✉❣❡ ✖ ❤❡ ❜r♦✉❣❤t ❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣✳
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✵✳✶✵✸

Apratiratha ❆✐♥❞r❛ | ✶✕✶✷ Tris..tubh✱ ✶✸ Anus..tubh | t♦ Indra✱

Br.haspati✱ Marut✲s

āśúh. śı́śāno vr..sabhó ná bhı̄mó

ghanāghanáh. ks.óbhan.aścars.an.ı̄nā´m |
′
sam . krándano nimis.á ekavı̄ráh.
śatám . sénā ajayatsākámı́ndrah. || 1 ||

sam . krándanenānimis.én.a jis.n.únā

yutkārén.a duścyavanéna dhr..sn.únā |
tádı́ndren.a jayata tátsahadhvam .
yúdho nara ı́s.uhastena vŕ..sn.ā || 2 ||

sá ı́s.uhastaih. sá nis.aṅgı́bhirvaś´ı̄

sám. sras..tā sá yúdha ı́ndro gan.éna |
sam . sr..s.tajı́tsomapā´ bāhuśardhyùgrádhanvā
prátihitābhirástā || 3 ||

bŕ.haspate pári dı̄yā ráthena

raks.ohā´mı́trām̃
. apabā´dhamānah. |
prabhañjánsénāh. pramr.n.ó yudhā´ jáyannasmā´kam
edhyavitā´ ráthānām || 4 ||

balavijñāyá sthávirah. právı̄rah.

sáhasvānvāj´ı̄ sáhamāna ugráh. |
abhı́vı̄ro abhı́satvā sahojā´
jáıtramindra ráthamā´ tis..tha govı́t || 5 ||

gotrabhı́dam. govı́dam . vájrabāhum

.
jáyantamájma pramr.n.ántamójasā |
imám. sajātā ánu vı̄rayadhvam
ı́ndram
. sakhāyo ánu sám . rabhadhvam || 6 ||
 ✶✷✻✺

✶✳ ❙✇✐❢t✱ s❤❛r♣❡♥✐♥❣ ❬❤✐s t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t❪ ✱

✶
❢❡❛rs♦♠❡ ❛s ❛♣♣❡❛r✐♥❣✲❛s✲❛✲❜✉❧❧ ♦♥❡✱
❢♦♥❞ ♦❢ s❧❛✉❣❤t❡r✱ ❛ s♦✉r❝❡ ♦❢ ❛❣✐t❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ t❤♦s❡
t❤❛t ❞r❛✇ t♦ t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s ✱
✷
❜r✐♥❣✐♥❣ ❬♠❡♥❪ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ❜② s❤♦✉t✐♥❣✱ ✈✐❣✐❧❛♥t✱ ♦♥❡ ♦❢ ❛ ❦✐♥❞ ❤❡r♦❀
❛❧t♦❣❡t❤❡r✱ ❤❡✱ Indra✱ ❞❡❢❡❛t❡❞ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ❛r♠✐❡s✳
✷✳ ❚♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ❤✐♠✱ ❬✇❤♦ ✐s❪ ❜r✐♥❣✐♥❣ ❬②❡❪ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ❜② s❤♦✉t✐♥❣✱
❬✇✐t❤❪ ✈✐❣✐❧❛♥t✱ ✈✐❝t♦r✐♦✉s✱ ❝❛✉s✐♥❣ ✜❣❤t✐♥❣✱
❞✐✣❝✉❧t t♦ s❤❛❦❡✱ ❞❡✜❛♥t ♦♥❡✱
✇✐t❤ Indra ❞♦ ②❡ ❝♦♥q✉❡r t❤❛t✱ ❞♦ ②❡ ❡♥❞✉r❡ t❤❛t ✖ ❝❧❛s❤❡s✱
❖ ♠❡♥✱ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ❜✉❧❧ ✇❤♦s❡ ❤❛♥❞ ✐s ❧✐❦❡ ❛♥ ❛rr♦✇✳
✸✳ ❍❡✱ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ t❤♦s❡ ✇❤♦s❡ ❤❛♥❞ ✐s ❧✐❦❡ ❛♥ ❛rr♦✇✱
t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ♣❡❧t❛st❛s✱
❡①❡rt✐♥❣ ❤✐s ✇✐❧❧✱ ✉♥❧❡❛s❤❡s ❝❧❛s❤❡s ✖ Indra ✇✐t❤ ❬❤✐s❪ tr♦♦♣✳
Soma✲❞r✐♥❦❡r ✐♥ ✇❤♦s❡ ❛r♠ ✐s ❛ tr♦♦♣ ❬♦❢ ✜❣❤t❡rs❪✱
❬❤❡ ✐s❪ ❞❡❢❡❛t✐♥❣ ✉♥❧❡❛s❤❡❞ ❬❛❣❛✐♥st ❤✐♠ ✜❣❤t❡rs❪✱
✜❡r❝❡ ✇✐t❤ ❛ ❜♦✇✱ ❬❤❡ ✐s❪ t❤❡ s❤♦♦t❡r
♦❢ ✜tt❡❞ t♦ t❤❡ ❜♦✇str✐♥❣ ❛rr♦✇s✳
✹✳ ❖ Br.haspati✱ ✉s✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❝❤❛r✐♦t✱ s♦❛r ❢✉❧❧②✱
❞❡str♦②✐♥❣ ❞❡❢❡♥s✐✈❡♥❡ss✱ r❡♣❡❧❧✐♥❣ ❤♦st✐❧❡s✦
❘♦✉t✐♥❣ ❛r♠✐❡s✱ ❝r✉s❤✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡♠❪✱ ❞❡❢❡❛t✐♥❣ ❜② ✜❣❤t✐♥❣✱
❜❡ ❛ ❤❡❧♣❡r ♦❢ ♦✉r ❝❤❛r✐♦ts✦
✺✳ ❘❡❝♦❣♥✐③❛❜❧❡ ❜② str❡♥❣t❤✱ ❡♥❞✉r✐♥❣ ♣r❡❬❡♠✐♥❡♥t❪ ❤❡r♦✱
♣♦ss❡ss✐♥❣ ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ str❡♥❣t❤ ❬❛♥❞❪ r✉s❤❡s ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱
♣r❡✈❛✐❧✐♥❣✱ ❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s✱
♠♦r❡ t❤❛♥ ❛ ❤❡r♦✱ ♠♦r❡ t❤❛♥ ❛ ✇❛rr✐♦r✱
❜♦r♥ ♦❢ ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ str❡♥❣t❤✱
❞♦ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❦♥♦✇✐♥❣ ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s ✱ ✸
♠♦✉♥t ❧❡❛❞✐♥❣ t♦ ✈✐❝t♦r② ❝❤❛r✐♦t✦
✻✳ ❬❍✐♠✱❪ ❜r❡❛❦✐♥❣ ♦♣❡♥ ❝♦✇s❤❡❞s✱ ✜♥❞✐♥❣ ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s ✱ ✹
t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲✐♥✲❛r♠s ♦♥❡✱
❬✇❤♦ ✐s❪ ✇✐♥♥✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♣❛ss❛❣❡✱ ✈✐❣♦r♦✉s❧② ❝r✉s❤✐♥❣✱
❢♦❧❧♦✇✐♥❣ t❤✐s ♦♥❡✱ ❖ ❦✐♥s♠❡♥✱ ❜❡ ❤❡r♦❡s✱
❢♦❧❧♦✇✐♥❣ Indra✱ ❖ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s✱ ❣r❛s♣ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ❬②♦✉r ❡♥❡♠✐❡s❪✦

✶ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✽✳✼✻✳✾❝

✷ t❤❡ s❡♥s❡s
✸ ❧✐t✳ ✏❝♦✇s✑
✹ ❧✐t✳ ✏❝♦✇s✑
✶✷✻✻

abhı́ gotrā´n.i sáhasā gā´hamāno ′dayó

vı̄ráh. śatámanyurı́ndrah. |
duścyavanáh. pr.tanās.ā´..dayudhyò ′smā´kam
.
sénā avatu prá yutsú || 7 ||

ı́ndra āsām. netā´ bŕ.haspátir

dáks.in.ā yajñáh. purá etu sómah. |
devasenā´nāmabhibhañjatı̄nā´m .
jáyantı̄nām. marúto yantvágram || 8 ||

ı́ndrasya vŕ..sn.o várun.asya rā´jña

ādityā´nām
. marútām . śárdha ugrám |
mahā´manasām . bhuvanacyav ā´nām
.
ghós.o devā´nām. jáyatāmúdasthāt || 9 ||

úddhars.aya maghavannā´yudhānyútsátvanām .
māmakā´nām
. mánām . si |
. vā´jinānyúdráthānām
údvr.trahanvājı́nām .
jáyatām
. yantu . āh. || 10 ||
ghós

asmā´kamı́ndrah. sámr.tes.u dhvajés.vasmā´kam

.
yā´ ı́s.avastā´ jayantu |
asmā´kam . vı̄rā´ úttare bhavantvasmā´m̃
. u
devā avatā háves.u || 11 ||

am´ı̄.sām . cittám
. pratilobháyantı̄
gr.hān.ā´ṅgānyapve párehi |
abhı́ préhi nı́rdaha hr.tsú śókair
andhénāmı́trāstámasā sacantām || 12 ||

prétā jáyatā nara ı́ndro vah. śárma yachatu |

ugrā´ vah. santu bāhávo ′nādhr..syā´ yáthā´satha || 13 ||
 ✶✷✻✼

✼✳ P❡♥❡tr❛t✐♥❣ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ str❡♥❣t❤ ✐♥t♦ ❝♦✇s❤❡❞s✱

❧❛❝❦✐♥❣ ♣✐t② ❤❡r♦ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ r❛❣❡ ♦❢ ❛ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ❬♠❡♥❪ ✖ ❬❤❡ ✐s❪ Indra✳
❉✐✣❝✉❧t t♦ s❤❛❦❡✱ ✈✐❝t♦r✐♦✉s ✐♥ ❜❛tt❧❡s✱
♥♦t✲t♦✲❜❡✲♠❛t❝❤❡❞✲✐♥✲❛✲✜❣❤t✱
♠❛② ❤❡ ❢❛✈♦✉r ✐♥ ❝❧❛s❤❡❞ ♦✉r ❛r♠✐❡s✦
✽✳ Indra ✐s t❤❡ ❧❡❛❞❡r ♦❢ t❤❡s❡ ❬❛r♠✐❡s❪✳ ▲❡t Soma ❣♦ ✐♥ ❢r♦♥t✱
✜r❡ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣✱ r❡✇❛r❞ ♦❢ t❤❡ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡✱ Br.haspati ❬✇✐❧❧ ❢♦❧❧♦✇❪✳
▲❡t Marut✲s ❣♦ ❛❤❡❛❞ ♦❢
❝♦♥q✉❡r✐♥❣ s❤♦❝❦ ❛r♠✐❡s ♦❢ deva✲s✦
✾✳ ❚❤❡ tr♦♦♣ ♦❢ Marut✲s✱ ♦❢ Āditya✲s✱
♦❢ ❝❤✐❡❢t❛✐♥ Varuna✱ ♦❢ ❜✉❧❧ Indra✱ ✐s ❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s✳
❚❤❡ ❜❛tt❧❡✲❝r② ♦❢. ❤✐❣❤✲♠✐♥❞❡❞ s❤❛❦✐♥❣ ❬❛❧❧❪ ♣❧❛❝❡s ♦❢ ❡①✐st❡♥❝❡
deva✲s✱ ♦❢ ❝♦♥q✉❡r✐♥❣ ♦♥❡s✱ ❤❛s t❛❦❡♥ ❛ ♣♦s✐t✐♦♥ ❛❜♦✈❡✳
✶✵✳ ▼❛❦❡ ✇❡❛♣♦♥s ❬❛♥❞❪ ♠✐♥❞s ♦❢ ♠② ✇❛rr✐♦rs ❜r✐s❦✱
❖ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡✦
❬▼❛❦❡ ❜r✐s❦❪ ❝❛✉s✐♥❣✲❛✲r✉s❤✲♦❢✲✈✐❣♦✉r ❛❝t✐♦♥s
♦❢ t❤♦s❡ ❝❛♣❛❜❧❡ ♦❢ ❛ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱ ❖ Vrtra✲s❧❛②❡r✦
▲❡t ❜❛tt❧❡✲❝r✐❡s ♦❢ ❝♦♥q✉❡r✐♥❣ ❝❤❛r✐♦ts ❣♦. ✉♣✦
✶✶✳ ❲❤❡♥ ❝♦♥❝✉rr❡♥t ❜❛♥♥❡rs ❬❛r❡ ♣r❡s❡♥t❪✱ Indra ✐s ♦✉rs✳
▼❛② t❤♦s❡ ❛rr♦✇s ✇❤✐❝❤ ❛r❡ ♦✉rs✱ ❜❡ ✈✐❝t♦r✐♦✉s✦
▼❛② ♦✉r ❤❡r♦❡s ❜❡❝♦♠❡ s✉♣❡r✐♦r✦
❲❤❡♥ ♦✉r ✐♥✈♦❝❛t✐♦♥s ❬r❡❛❝❤ ②♦✉❪✱ ♠❛② ②❡✱ ❖ deva✲s✱ ❤❡❧♣✦
✶✷✳ ❈♦♥❢♦✉♥❞✐♥❣ t❤✐♥❦✐♥❣ ♦❢ t❤♦s❡ ❞✐st❛♥t ♦♥❡s✱
❞♦ s❡✐③❡ ❬t❤❡✐r❪ ❧✐♠❜s✱ ❖ Apvā ✱ ❬❛♥❞❪ ❣♦ ❛✇❛②✦
✺
❈♦♠❡ ❢♦rt❤ ❛❣❛✐♥st ❬t❤❡♠❪✦
❇✉r♥ ♦✉t ❬t❤❡♠❪ ✐♥ ❬t❤❡✐r❪ ❤❡❛rts ✇✐t❤ s♦rr♦✇s✦
▲❡t t❤❡②✱ ❤♦st✐❧❡✱ ❛ss♦❝✐❛t❡ t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s ✇✐t❤ ❜❧✐♥❞ ✐❣♥♦r❛♥❝❡✦✻
✶✸✳ Pr♦❝❡❡❞✱ ❝♦♥q✉❡r✱ ❖ ♠❡♥✦
▼❛② Indra str❡t❝❤ ♦✉t ❛ s❤❡❧t❡r ❢♦r ②♦✉✦
▼❛② ②♦✉r ❛r♠s ❜❡ s❛✈❛❣❡
s♦ t❤❛t ②♦✉ ✇♦✉❧❞ ♥♦t t♦ ❜❡ ♠❡❞❞❧❡❞ ✇✐t❤✦

✺ s♦♠❡ ❦✐♥❞ ♦❢ ✐❧❧♥❡ss

✻ t❤✐s ❧✐♥❡ ✐s t❤❡ s❛♠❡ ❛s ✶✵✳✽✾✳✶✺❝
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✵✳✶✵✹

As..taka Vaiśvāmitra | Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra

ásāvi sómah. puruhūta túbhyam .

háribhyām . yajñámúpa yāhi tū´yam |
túbhyam . gı́ro vı́pravı̄rā iyānā´
dadhanvirá indra pı́bā sutásya || 1 ||

apsú dhūtásya harivah. pı́behá

. pr.n.asva |
nŕ.bhih. sutásya jat.háram
mimiks.úryámádraya indra túbhyam .
tébhirvardhasva mádamukthavāhah. || 2 ||

prógrā´m
. pı̄tı́m. vŕ..sn.a iyarmi satyā´m .
prayáı sutásya haryaśva túbhyam |
ı́ndra dhénābhirihá mādayasva
dhı̄bhı́rvı́śvābhih. śácyā gr.n.ānáh. || 3 ||

ūt´ı̄ śacı̄vastáva vı̄ryèn.a

váyo dádhānā uśı́ja .rtajñā´h. |
prajā´vadindra mánus.o duron.é
tasthúrgr.n.ántah. sadhamā´dyāsah. || 4 ||

prán.ı̄tibhis..te haryaśva sus..tóh.

sus.umnásya pururúco jánāsah. |
mám . his..thāmūtı́m
. vitı́re dádhānā
stotā´ra indra táva sūnŕ.tābhih. || 5 ||

úpa bráhmān.i harivo háribhyām .

sómasya yāhi pı̄táye sutásya |
ı́ndra tvā yajñáh. ks.ámamān.amānad.
dāśvā´m̃
. asyadhvarásya praketáh. || 6 ||

sahásravājamabhimātis.ā´ham .
sutéran.am. maghávānam . suvr.ktı́m |
úpa bhūs.anti gı́ro ápratı̄tam
ı́ndram. namasyā´ jaritúh. pananta || 7 ||
 ✶✷✻✾

✶✳ Soma ✇❛s ❥✉st ♣r❡ss❡❞ ❢♦r t❤❡❡✱ ❖ ♠✉❝❤ ✐♥✈♦❦❡❞ ♦♥❡✦

❇② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s✱ ❥♦✉r♥❡② q✉✐❝❦❧② ❤❡r❡
t♦ ❛ ✜r❡ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣✦
❋♦r t❤② s❛❦❡✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❝❤❛♥ts✱
♦❢ ✇❤✐❝❤ ❤❡r♦❡s ❛r❡ ✐♥✇❛r❞❧②✲❡①❝✐t❡❞ ♦♥❡s✱
❤❛✈❡ ❝❛✉s❡❞ ❝♦♠✐♥❣ ❛❣❛✐♥ ❛♥❞ ❛❣❛✐♥ ❬✇❛t❡rs❪ t♦ ❤❛st❡♥✳
❉r✐♥❦ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❬Soma❪✦
✷✳ ❉r✐♥❦ ❤❡r❡✱ ❖ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞✲❜②✲t❛✇♥②✲♦♥❡s ♦♥❡✱ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞
r✐♥s❡❞ ✐♥ ✇❛t❡r ❜② ♠❡♥ ❬Soma❪✦ ❋✐❧❧ t❤❡ ❜❡❧❧②✦
❲❤❛t ❬♠✐①t✉r❡❪ st♦♥❡s ❤❛✈❡ ✜①❡❞ ❢♦r t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Indra✱
✇✐t❤ t❤♦s❡ ❬❞r♦♣s❪ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥ ❬t❤②❪ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t✐♦♥✱
❖ ❝♦♥✈❡②❡❞✲✇✐t❤✲✈❡rs❡s ♦♥❡✦
✸✳ ■ r❛✐s❡ ❢♦r t❤❡ ❜✉❧❧ ✜❡r❝❡ ❣❡♥✉✐♥❡ ❞r❛✉❣❤t✱
t♦ s❡t ❢♦rt❤✱ ❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❛✇♥② ❤♦rs❡s ♦♥❡✦
❖ Indra✱ ✇✐t❤ ♥♦✉r✐s❤✐♥❣ str❡❛♠s✱ ✇✐t❤ ❛❧❧ ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥s
♠❛❦❡ t❤②s❡❧❢ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t❡❞✱ ❜❡✐♥❣ s❦✐❧❢✉❧❧② ❡①t♦❧❧❡❞✦
✹✳ ❲✐t❤ t❤②✱ ❖ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② ❡♥❛❜❧✐♥❣ ♣♦✇❡rs ♦♥❡✱
❤❡❧♣✱ t❤r♦✉❣❤ ✈❛❧♦r✱
t❤❡②✱ ✇❤♦ str✐✈❡ ❡❛r♥❡st❧②✱ ❬✇❤♦ ❛r❡❪ ❛s❝❡rt❛✐♥✐♥❣ .rta✱
♦❜t❛✐♥✐♥❣ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❛♥❞ ❜♦❞✐❧② ✈✐❣♦✉r
t❤❛t ✐♥ ♠❛♥✬s r❡s✐❞❡♥❝❡ ❬✐s❪ ❣r❛♥t✐♥❣ ♦✛s♣r✐♥❣s✱
t❤❡②✱ ❢❡❛st✐♥❣ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s✱ ❦❡♣t ❡①t♦❧❧✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡❡❪✱ ❖ Indra✦
✺✳ ❲✐t❤ t❤② ❣✉✐❞❛♥❝❡✱ ❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❛✇♥② ❤♦rs❡s ♦♥❡✱ ❬t❤❛t❪ ♦❢
❤✐❣❤❧② ♣r❛✐s❡❞✱ ✈❡r② ❜❡♥❡✈♦❧❡♥t✱ s❤✐♥✐♥❣ ❡✈❡r②✇❤❡r❡ ♦♥❡✱
t❤❡ ❢♦❧❦s ❬❛r❡❪ ♦❜t❛✐♥✐♥❣ ❬t❤②❪ ♠♦st ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ❛✐❞ t♦ ♣❛ss ❛❝r♦ss✱
♣r❛✐s❡rs ❬❛r❡ ♦❜t❛✐♥✐♥❣ ✐t❪
t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ t❤② ✇❡❧❧✲✜tt✐♥❣ ❡♥❛❜❧✐♥❣ ❬♣♦✇❡rs❪✶ ✳
✻✳ ❲✐t❤ t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s✱ ❖ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞✲❜②✲t❛✇♥②✲♦♥❡s ♦♥❡✱
❥♦✉r♥❡② ❝❧♦s❡r t♦ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥s t♦ ❞r✐♥❦ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ Soma✦
❖ Indra✱ t❤❡ ✜r❡ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣ r❡❛❝❤❡❞ ✉♣ t♦ t❤❡❡✱
✇❤♦ ✐s ❜❡✐♥❣ ♣❛t✐❡♥t✳
❍♦♥♦r✐♥❣ ❬✐t❪✱ t❤♦✉ ❛r❡ ❛ ♣♦rt❡♥t
♦❢ ♣r♦❝❡❡❞✐♥❣ ♦♥ ✐ts ✇❛② ❬s❛❝r✐✜❝❡❪✳
✼✳ ❬❍✐♠✱ ✇❤♦ ✐s❪ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞✲❢♦❧❞ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱
♦✈❡r❝♦♠✐♥❣ t❤♦s❡ ✇❤♦ ✐♥t❡♥❞ t♦ ❤✉rt✱
❞❡❧✐❣❤t✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❬Soma❪✱ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s✱
❬❣r❛♥t✐♥❣❪ ✇❡❧❧✲t✇✐st❡❞ ❬✈❡rs❡s❪✱
❝❤❛♥ts r❡❣❛r❞ ❛s ♥♦t✲❝♦✉♥t❡r❜❛❧❛♥❝❡❞❀
❛❞♦r❛t✐♦♥s ♦❢ t❤❡ ✐♥✈♦❦❡r ❛❞♠✐r❡ ❬❤✐♠✱❪ Indra✳
✶ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✽✳✸✷✳✶✺❛❜
✶✷✼✵

saptā´po dev´ı̄h. surán.ā ámr.ktā

yā´bhih. sı́ndhumátara indra pūrbhı́t |
navatı́m . srotyā´ náva ca srávantı̄r
devébhyo gātúm . mánus.e ca vindah. || 8 ||

apó mah´ı̄rabhı́śasteramuñcó ′jāgarāsvádhi

devá ékah. |
ı́ndra yā´stvám
. vr.tratū´rye cakártha
´ ´
tābhirviśvāyustanvàm. pupus.yāh. || 9 ||

vı̄rén.yah. kráturı́ndrah. suśastı́r

utā´pi dhénā puruhūtámı̄t..te |
ā´rdayadvr.trámákr.n.odu lokám .
sasāhé śakráh. pŕ.tanā abhis..tı́h. || 10 ||

śunám . huvema maghávānamı́ndram

asmı́nbháre nŕ.tamam . vā´jasātau |
śr.n.vántamugrámūtáye samátsu
ghnántam . vr.trā´n.i sam . dhánānām || 11 ||
. jı́tam
 ✶✷✼✶

✽✳ ❙❡✈❡♥ ✇❛t❡rs ❬❛r❡❪ ✇❡❧❧✲❞❡❧✐❣❤t✐♥❣ ✉♥✐♠♣❛✐r❡❞ devı̄✲s✱

✇✐t❤ ✇❤✐❝❤ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❜r❡❛❦✐♥❣ str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞s✱
❝r♦ss❡❞ t❤❡ r✐✈❡r✱ ❬❛♥❞❪ ♥✐♥❡t② ❛♥❞ ♥✐♥❡ ✢♦✇✐♥❣ str❡❛♠s✳
❋♦r deva✲s ❛♥❞ ❢♦r ❛ ♠❛♥ t❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ ✜♥❞ ❛♥ ✉♥✐♠♣❡❞❡❞ ✇❛②✳
✾✳ ❚❤♦✉ ❞✐❞ s❡t ♣♦t❡♥t ✇❛t❡rs ❢r❡❡ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ❝✉rs❡✱
t❤♦✉✱ ❧♦♥❡❧② deva✱ ✇❛t❝❤❡❞ ♦✈❡r t❤❡♠✳
❖ Indra✱ ❞✉r✐♥❣ ❤❛st❡♥✐♥❣ ♣❛st vr.tra✲s
t❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ❝❛✉s❡❞ t❤♦s❡ ❬✇❛t❡rs❪
✇✐t❤ ✇❤✐❝❤ t❤♦✉ s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ ♥♦✉r✐s❤❡❞
❛❧❧✲♣❡r✈❛❞✐♥❣ ❧✐❢❡✲❢♦r❝❡ ❬❛♥❞❪ t❤❡ ❜♦❞②✳
✶✵✳ ❘❡s♦✉r❝❡❢✉❧ Indra ❬✐s❪ t♦✲❜❡✲❤❡r♦✐❝✳ ❆ ❣♦♦❞ r❡❝✐t❛t✐♦♥
❛♥❞ ❡✈❡♥ t❤❡ ♥♦✉r✐s❤✐♥❣ str❡❛♠ ✐♠♣❧♦r❡ ♠✉❝❤ ✐♥✈♦❦❡❞ ♦♥❡✳
❍❡ ♠❛❞❡ Vr.tra s❝❛r❝❡✱ ❤❡ ❝r❡❛t❡❞ ✇✐❞❡ ❬♠❡♥t❛❧❪ s♣❛❝❡ ✖
❬❤❡✱❪ ❡♠♣♦✇❡r✐♥❣✱ ❛ss✐st✐♥❣✱ ❤❛s ✈❛♥q✉✐s❤❡❞ ❛r♠✐❡s✳
✶✶✳ ❍❛♣♣✐❧② ✇❡ ❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s Indra ✖
t❤❡ ♠♦st ♠❛♥❧② ✐♥ ❤✐♠
✇❤♦ ✐s ❜❡❛r✐♥❣ ❬❤✐♠❪ ❞✉r✐♥❣ ❣❛✐♥✐♥❣ ❛ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱
❛tt❡♥t✐✈❡ ❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s ✖ t♦ ❤❡❧♣ ✐♥ ❝❧❛s❤❡s
❬✉♣♦♥ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ✐s❪ s✉❜❞✉✐♥❣ Vr.tra✲s✱ ❬✇❤♦ ✐s❪ ❛ ✇✐♥♥❡r ♦❢ ♣r✐③❡s✳
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✵✳✶✵✺

Sumitra Kautsa ♦r Durmitra Kautsa | Us.n.ih ✭❄✮ | t♦ Indra

kadā´ vaso stotrám

. háryata ā´va śmaśā´rudhadvā´h. |
dı̄rghám
. sutám
. vāt ā´pyāya || 1 ||

hárı̄ yásya suyújā vı́vratā vérárvantā´nu śépā |

ubhā´ raj´ı̄ ná keśı́nā pátirdán || 2 ||

ápa yórı́ndrah. pā´paja ā´ márto ná śaśramān.ó bibhı̄vā´n |

śubhé yádyuyujé távis.ı̄vān || 3 ||

sácāyórı́ndraścárkr..sa ā´m̃
. upānasáh. saparyán |
nadáyorvı́vratayoh. śū´ra ı́ndrah. || 4 ||

ádhi yástasthau ´ kéśavantā vyácasvantā ná pus..tyáı |

. śiprı́n.ı̄vān || 5 ||
vanóti śı́prābhyām

prā´staudr..svaujā
´ .r.svébhistatáks.a śū´rah. śávasā |
r.bhúrná krátubhirmātarı́śvā || 6 ||
 ✶✷✼✸

✶✳ ❲❤❡♥✱ ❖ ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧ ♦♥❡✱

❛ ❤②♠♥ ♦❢ ♣r❛✐s❡ t♦ t❤❡ ❡♥❝❤❛♥t✐♥❣✲t❤❡✲♠✐♥❞ ♦♥❡
s❤❛❧❧ ♣✉t ❬❤✐s❪ ❜❡❛r❞ ❞♦✇♥✱ ♥❡❛r ❧♦♥❣✲❧❛st✐♥❣ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❢♦r ❤✐♠✱
♦❜t❛✐♥♠❡♥t ♦❢ ✇❤♦♠ ✐s ❞❡s✐r❛❜❧❡✱ ❬Soma❪❄
✖✖
✷✳ ❲❤♦s❡ t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ❡❛s②✲t♦✲②♦❦❡ r❡❧✉❝t❛♥t st❡❡❞s
t❤♦✉ ✇♦✉❧❞ ❡①❝✐t❡
✶
❛❧♦♥❣ ✇✐t❤ t✇♦ ♣❡♥✐s❡s ✱ t❤♦s❡ t✇♦ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ t✐♣s
❛s ❜♦t❤ ❣❧♦✇✐♥❣ ♦♥❡s ✱
✷
❬❤❡ ✇✐❧❧ ❜❡❪ t❤❡ ♣r♦t❡❝t♦r ♦❢ t❤❡ ❤♦✉s❡✳
✸✳ ❬❚❤♦s❡ t✇♦✱❪ ❛✇❛② ❢r♦♠ ✇❤✐❝❤ Indra ❜❡❝♦♠❡s st✐✛
✸
❛s ❛ ♠♦rt❛❧ ❬✇❤♦ ❜❡❝❛♠❡❪ ✇❡❛r② ❬❛♥❞❪ ❢r✐❣❤t❡♥❡❞
✹
✇❤❡♥ ❤❡ ✱ ✇❤♦ ♣♦ss❡ss❡s t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝♦♥tr♦❧✱
❤❛s ②♦❦❡❞ ❬t❤♦s❡ t✇♦❪ t♦ r❡✐♥❢♦r❝❡ ❬Indra❪✱
✹✳ ❬t❤♦s❡ t✇♦❪ ✐♥ ✇❤♦s❡ ♣r❡s❡♥❝❡ Indra✱
❛tt❡♥❞✐♥❣ ❬❜②❪ ❜❡✐♥❣ ♥❡❛r t❤❡ ❝❛rt✱ ✇❛s s♣♦❦❡♥ ❤✐❣❤❧② ♦❢✱
✐♥ t❤❡ ♣r❡s❡♥❝❡ ♦❢ ❬t❤♦s❡❪ t✇♦ r❡❧✉❝t❛♥t t❤✉♥❞❡r❡rs
Indra ❬✐s❪ t❤❡ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✳
✺✳ ❲❤♦ ❤❛s ♠♦✉♥t❡❞ ❤❛✐r② ♦♥❡s
❛s t✇♦ ❡♥❝♦♠♣❛ss✐♥❣ ♦♥❡s
✺ ✖ ❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ t❤r✐✈✐♥❣✱
❤❡✱ ✐♥ ♣♦ss❡ss✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❤❡r ✇❤♦ ❤❛s ❧✐♣s✱
♣❧❛❝❡s ❬❤❡r❪ ✇✐t❤✐♥ ❬❤✐s❪ r❡❛❝❤ ✏✇✐t❤ ❜♦t❤ ❝❤❡❡❦s✑✳
✻✳ ❍❡✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❤❡❧♣✐♥❣✲✐♥✲❞✐r❡✲str❛✐❣❤ts ❢r❡♥③②✱ ♣r❛✐s❡❞ ❬✐t❪
t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ❤❡❧♣✐♥❣✲✐♥✲❞✐r❡✲str❛✐❣❤ts ❬Marut✲s❪
❤❡✱ t❤❡ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱ ❤❛s ❢❛s❤✐♦♥❡❞ ❬t❤❡ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t❪
✉s✐♥❣ ❬❤✐s❪ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡ ✖
❬❤❡✱❪ ✏s✇❡❧❧✐♥❣ ✐♥ t❤❡ ♠♦t❤❡r✑✱ ❬❢❛s❤✐♦♥❡❞ ✐t❪
❛s ❛ s❦✐❧❧❢✉❧ ❬❛rt✐s❛♥❪ ✖ ✉s✐♥❣ ❬❤✐s ♦✇♥❪ ❞❡s✐❣♥s✳

✶ ♣r♦❜✳ ♦♥❡ ✐s t❤❡ ❛❝t✉❛❧ ♣❡♥✐s✱ ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ♦t❤❡r ✐s t❤❡ ❝♦❧✉♠♥ ♦❢ ❢✉❧❧✲♦❢✲t❡♥s✐♦♥
❡♥❡r❣② s♣r✐♥❣✐♥❣ ✉♣ ❢r♦♠ mūlādhāra ❝❛❦r❛
✷ ♣r♦❜✳ t❤❡ s✉♥ ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ♠♦♦♥
✸ ♦r✱ ✏❛s ✐❢ ❢r♦③❡♥✑✱ ✏❛s ✐❢ ♣❛r❛❧②③❡❞✑
✹ ❛❞❡♣t
✺ ♣r♦❜✳ t✇♦ Rodas✲❡s
✶✷✼✹

. yáścakré suhánāya dásyave hirı̄maśó hı́rı̄mān |

vájram
árutahanurádbhutam . ná rájah. || 7 ||

áva no vr.jinā´ śiśı̄hyr.cā´ vanemānŕ.cah. |

nā´brahmā yajñá .ŕdhagjós.ati tvé || 8 ||

ūrdhvā´ yátte tretı́nı̄ bhū´dyajñásya dhūrs.ú sádman |

sajū´rnā´vam. sváyaśasam . sácāyóh. || 9 ||

śriyé te pŕ.śnirupasécanı̄ bhūchriyé dárvirarepā´h. |

yáyā své pā´tre siñcása út || 10 ||

śatám
. vā yádasurya práti tvā
sumitrá itthā´stauddurmitrá itthā´staut |
ā´vo yáddasyuhátye kutsaputrám .
prā´vo yáddasyuhátye kutsavatsám || 11 ||
 ✶✷✼✺

✼✳ ❲❤♦ ♠❛❞❡ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t

❢♦r ❬♠❛❦✐♥❣❪ ❛♥ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡ t♦ s✉✛❡r ✇❛♥t ❬t♦ ❜❡❪ ❡❛s②✲t♦✲s❧❛②✱
❬❤❡✱❪ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s✱
❬✐s❪ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② ❡♥❝❤❛♥t✐♥❣✲t❤❡✲♠✐♥❞ ❛♥❣❡r✱
❬❜✉t ❤✐s❪ ❥❛✇ ❬✐s❪ ♥♦t ✜❧❧❡❞ ✇✐t❤ ❝r✐❡s✳
▲✐❦❡ t❤❡ ✇♦♥❞r♦✉s ✈❛♣♦r ❬♦❢ ✐♠♣❛rt✐❛❧✐t②❪✱
✽✳ ❜❧✉♥t ♦✉r ❞❡❝❡✐t❢✉❧ ❬♠❡♥t❛❧ ♦❜s❝✉r❛t✐♦♥s❪✦
❲✐t❤ ❛ ✈❡rs❡ ✇❡ ♠✐❣❤t ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ♠❛st❡rs ♦❢ t❤♦s❡ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ♥♦ ✈❡rs❡s✳
▲❛❝❦✐♥❣✲❛✲❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥ ✜r❡ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣
❞♦❡s ♥♦t ❜② ✐ts❡❧❢ ❣✐✈❡ ♣❧❡❛s✉r❡ t♦ t❤❡❡✳
✾✳ ❲❤❡♥ s❤❡✱ ✇❤♦ ❤❛s ❛ tr✐❛❞✱ ✇✐❧❧ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❢♦r t❤❡❡
t❡♥❞✐♥❣ ✉♣✇❛r❞s✱
❛t t❤❡ s❡❛t✱ ❛t t❤❡ ②♦❦❡✲♣♦❧❡s ♦❢ t❤❡ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡✱
❛t t❤❛t s❛♠❡ t✐♠❡✱ ✐♥ t❤❡ ♣r❡s❡♥❝❡ ♦❢ t❤❡s❡ t✇♦✱
❬t❤♦✉ ✇✐❧❧ ❣❛✐♥❪ ✇♦rt❤②✲❜②✲✐ts❡❧❢ ❜♦❛t✳
✶✵✳ ❋♦r t❤② ❛✉s♣✐❝✐♦✉s♥❡ss Pr.śni s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡❝♦♠❡
❬❧✐❦❡❪ ❛ ❝✉♣ ❢♦r ♣♦✉r✐♥❣ ❬t❤② ✇r❛t❤❪❀
❢♦r ❛✉s♣✐❝✐♦✉s♥❡ss ❬t❤✐s❪ ❧❛❞❧❡ ❬✐s❪ ❢❛✉❧t❧❡ss
✇✐t❤ ✇❤✐❝❤ t❤♦✉ ♠❛❦❡ ❢✉❧❧ t❤② ♦✇♥ ❣♦❜❧❡t✳
✖✖
✶✶✳ ❲❤❡t❤❡r ❛ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ❬❛r❡❪ ❛❣❛✐♥st t❤❡❡✱
❖ ❬t❤② ✇❛t❝❤❢✉❧❪ ❣✉✐❞❛♥❝❡✱
✻
❛ ❣♦♦❞ ❢r✐❡♥❞ t❤✉s ♣r❛✐s❡❞ ❬t❤❡❡❪✱
✉♥❢r✐❡♥❞❧② ♦♥❡ t❤✉s ♣r❛✐s❡❞ ❬t❤❡❡❪ ✖
t❤❛t ❛t ❦✐❧❧✐♥❣ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡s t♦ s✉✛❡r ✇❛♥t
t❤♦✉ ❤❡❧♣❡❞ Kutsa✬s s♦♥✱
t❤❛t ❛t ❦✐❧❧✐♥❣ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡s t♦ s✉✛❡r ✇❛♥t
t❤♦✉ ❢❛✈♦✉r❡❞ Kutsa✬s ❞❛r❧✐♥❣ ✳
✼

✻ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✹✳✶✻✳✷❞

✼ ❧✐t✳ ✏❝❛❧❢ ✑
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✵✳✶✶✶

. .s.tra Vairūpa | Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra

As..trādam

mánı̄s.in.ah. prá bharadhvam . manı̄s.ā´m.

yáthāyathā matáyah. sánti nr.n.ā´m |
ı́ndram . satyáırérayāmā kr.tébhih.
sá hı́ vı̄ró girvan.asyúrvı́dānah. || 1 ||

.rtásya hı́ sádaso dhı̄tı́rádyaut

. gārs..teyó vr..sabhó góbhirānat. |
sám
údatis..thattavis.én.ā ráven.a
mahā´nti citsám . si || 2 ||
. vivyācā rájām

ı́ndrah. kı́la śrútyā asyá veda

sá hı́ jis.n.úh. pathikŕ.tsū´ryāya |
ā´nménām . kr.n.vánnácyuto bhúvadgóh.
pátirdiváh. sanajā´ ápratı̄tah. || 3 ||

ı́ndro mahnā´ maható arn.avásya

vratā´minādáṅgirobhirgr.n.ānáh. |
purū´n.i cinnı́ tatānā rájām
. si
dādhā´ra yó dharún.am . satyátātā || 4 ||

ı́ndro diváh. pratimā´nam . pr.thivyā´

vı́śvā veda sávanā hánti śús.n.am |
mah´ı̄m . ciddyā´mā´tanotsū´ryen.a
cāskámbha citkámbhanena skábhı̄yān || 5 ||

vájren.a hı́ vr.trahā´ vr.trámástar

ádevasya śū´śuvānasya māyā´h. |
vı́ dhr..sn.o átra dhr..satā´ jaghanthā´thābhavo
maghavanbāhvòjāh. || 6 ||
 ✶✷✼✼

✶✳ ❖ ❧❡❛r♥❡❞ ♦♥❡s✱ ❜r✐♥❣ ❢♦rt❤ ❛ ❝♦♥❝❡♣t✐♦♥

♦❢ ❤♦✇ ♠❡♥✬s ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❣❡st✉r❡s ❛r❡✳
❲✐t❤ ❣❡♥✉✐♥❡ ❛❝t✐♦♥s ✇❡ ❝❛✉s❡ Indra t♦ ❛r✐s❡ ❤❡r❡
s✐♥❝❡ ❤❡✱ ❛ ❤❡r♦✱ ✐s ❦♥♦✇♥ t♦ ❜❡ ♠♦✈❡❞ ❜② ❧♦♥❣✐♥❣ ❢♦r ❛ ❝❤❛♥t✳
✖✖
✷✳ ❙✐♥❝❡ ❛ st❛❜❧❡ ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥ s❤✐♥❡❞ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ s❡❛t ♦❢ .rta✱
❜♦r♥✲❢r♦♠✲❛✲❤❡✐❢❡r r❡s❡♠❜❧✐♥❣✲❛✲❜✉❧❧ ♦♥❡ ♠❡t ✇✐t❤ ❝♦✇s ✳ ✶
❍❡ st♦♦❞ ✉♣ ✇✐t❤ ❛ ❝♦♥tr♦❧❧✐♥❣ ❤♦✇❧✱
❤❡ ❤❛s ❝♦♠♣❧❡t❡❧② ❡♥❝♦♠♣❛ss❡❞
❡✈❡♥ ✈✐♦❧❡♥t ❞❛r❦❡♥✐♥❣ ❡♠♦t✐♦♥s✳
✸✳ Indra ❝❡rt❛✐♥❧② ❦♥♦✇s ❤♦✇ t♦ ❤❡❛r ❢r♦♠ t❤✐s ♦♥❡✱
s✐♥❝❡ ❤❡✱ ✈✐❝t♦r✐♦✉s✱ ✐s ♣❛t❤✲♠❛❦❡r ❢♦r t❤❡ s✉♥✳
▼❛❦✐♥❣ ❛❢t❡r✇❛r❞s ❛ ✇♦♠❛♥ ✱ ✷
❤❡ s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ♥♦♥✲r❡♠♦✈❡❞ ❢r♦♠ ❛ ❝♦✇ ❀ ✸
❜♦r♥ ❧♦♥❣ ❛❣♦✱ ♣r♦t❡❝t♦r ♦❢ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ❬✐s❪ ♥♦t✲❝♦✉♥t❡r❜❛❧❛♥❝❡❞✳
✹✳ Indra✱ ❡①t♦❧❧❡❞ ❜② aṅgiras✲❡s✱
❣r❡❛t❧② ❞✐♠✐♥✐s❤❡❞ s♣❤❡r❡s ♦❢ ❛❝t✐♦♥s ♦❢ t❤❡ ❡①t❡♥s✐✈❡ ✢♦♦❞✳
❍❡ ❤❛s ♣❡♥❡tr❛t❡❞ ❡✈❡♥ ♥✉♠❡r♦✉s ❞❛r❦❡♥✐♥❣ ❡♠♦t✐♦♥s
✇❤♦ ❤❛s ♣r❡s❡r✈❡❞ t❤❡ ❢♦✉♥❞❛t✐♦♥ ❬♦❢ Indra✬s ❡①♣❛♥s✐♦♥❪
✇✐t❤ ❬❝♦♥str❛✐♥ts ♦❢❪ t❤❡ r❡❛❧✐t②✳
✺✳ Indra ❬✐s❪ ❍❡❛✈❡♥✬s ❬❛♥❞❪ ❊❛rt❤✬s ♠♦❞❡❧ ✳ ✹
❤❡ r❡♠❡♠❜❡rs ❡✈❡r② ♣r❡ss✐♥❣ ❬♦❢ Soma❪✳ ❍❡ s❧❛②s Śusna✳
✺
❇② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ t❤❡ s✉♥ ❤❡ ❡①t❡♥❞❡❞ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥✱ . .
✻
❬❛♥❞❪ ❡✈❡♥ t❤❡ ♠✐❣❤t② ❬❊❛rt❤❪✱
♣r♦♣♣✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡♠❪ ❡✈❡♥ ♠♦r❡✱
❤❡ ❤❛s ♣r♦♣♣❡❞ ❬t❤❡♠❪ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ♣✐❧❧❛r✳
✻✳ ❙✐♥❝❡ t❤♦✉✱ Vr.tra✲s❧❛②❡r✱ ❤❛✈❡ s❝❛tt❡r❡❞ Vr.tra
❜② ✉s✐♥❣ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✱
t❤♦✉✱ ❖ ❞❛r✐♥❣ ♦♥❡✱ ❤❛✈❡ ❜♦❧❞❧② ❞✐s♣❡rs❡❞ ✐♥ t❤✐s ❝❛s❡
t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡rs t♦ ❢r❛♠❡ ❬❝♦❣♥✐t✐♦♥❪ ♦❢ ♣r♦❢❛♥❡✱ s✇❡❧❧❡❞ ♦♥❡✳
▼♦r❡♦✈❡r✱ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡✱ ❤❛✈❡ ❣♦t t❤❡ ✈✐❣♦✉r ✐♥ ❛r♠s✳

✶ ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s
✷ ❙♣❡❡❝❤ ✖ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✶✳✶✷✶✳✷❝❞
✸ ❛♥ ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥
✹ t❤❛t ✐s✱ t❤❡② ❛❞❛♣t t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s t♦ ❤✐s q✉❛❧✐t✐❡s
✺ ❧✐t✳ ✏❤❛s ❡①♣❡r✐❡♥❝❡❞✑
✻ manipūra ❝❛❦r❛
.
✶✷✼✽

sácanta yádus.ásah. sū´ryen.a

citrā´masya ketávo rā´mavindan |
ā´ yánnáks.atram
. dádr.śe divó ná
púnaryató nákiraddhā´ nú veda || 7 ||

. kı́la prathamā´ jagmurāsām

dūrám
ı́ndrasya yā´h. prasavé sasrúrā´pah. |
kvà svidágram . kvà budhná āsām
ā´po mádhyam . kvà vo nūnámántah. || 8 ||

sr.jáh. sı́ndhūm̃. ráhinā jagrasānā´m̃

.
ā´dı́detā´h. prá vivijre javéna |
múmuks.amān.ā utá yā´ mumucré ′dhéd
etā´ ná ramante nı́tiktāh. || 9 ||

sadhr´ı̄cı̄h. sı́ndhumuśat´ı̄rivāyan
sanā´jjārá āritáh. pūrbhı́dāsām |
ástamā´ te pā´rthivā vásūnyasmé jagmuh.
sūnŕ.tā indra pūrv´ı̄h. || 10 ||
 ✶✷✼✾

✼✳ ❲❤❡♥ ❞❛✇♥s ❛ss♦❝✐❛t❡ t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ❙✉♥✱

✼
t❤❡ ✢❛♠❡s ♦❢ ✐t ❡①♣❡r✐❡♥❝❡❞ t❤❡ ♠❛♥✐❢♦❧❞ tr❡❛s✉r❡✳
❲❤❡♥ ❬t❤✐s❪ ✏❛st❡r✐s♠✑ ❤❛s ❛♣♣❡❛rs ❛s ✐❢ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥✱
♥♦ ♦♥❡ ❢♦r s✉r❡ ❡①♣❡r✐❡♥❝❡❞ ✐t ❣♦✐♥❣ ❛✇❛② ❛t ♦♥❝❡✳
✽✳ ■♥✐t✐❛❧ ♦♥❡s ♦❢ t❤❡s❡ ✖
t❤❡ ✇❛t❡rs t❤❛t ❛t Indra✬s ✐♠♣✉❧s✐♦♥
❤❛✈❡ ❣✉s❤❡❞ ❢♦rt❤ ✖ ❤❛✈❡ ❝❡rt❛✐♥❧② ❣♦♥❡ ❢❛r ❛✇❛②✳
❲❤❡r❡✱ ♣r❛②✱ ❬✐s❪ t❤❡ ❢r♦♥t✱ ✇❤❡r❡ ❬✐s❪ t❤❡ ❜♦tt♦♠ ♦❢ t❤❡s❡❄
❖ ✇❛t❡rs✱ ✇❤❡r❡ ✐s ②♦✉r ♠✐❞st✱ ✇❤❡r❡ ❛t ♣r❡s❡♥t ✐s t❤❡ ❧✐♠✐t❄
✾✳ ✏❚❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ ❧❡t ❧♦♦s❡ t❤❡ r✐✈❡rs
✇❤✐❝❤ ❤❛✈❡ ❜❡❡♥ ❞❡✈♦✉r❡❞ ❜② t❤❡ s♥❛❦❡✳✑
✽
❖♥❧② ❛❢t❡r t❤❛t t❤❡s❡ ❬✇❛t❡rs❪ ❤❛✈❡ r✉s❤❡❞ ❢♦rt❤ s✇✐❢t❧② ✖
t❤♦s❡ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ t♦ ❣❡t ❢r❡❡ ❛♥❞ ❬t❤♦s❡❪ ✇❤✐❝❤ ❤❛✈❡ ❢r❡❡❞ t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s✳
❖♥❧② ♥♦✇ t❤❡s❡ ❬✇❛t❡rs❪ ❞♦ ♥♦t st❛♥❞ st✐❧❧
❬s✐♥❝❡ t❤❡② ❛r❡ ♠❛❞❡❪ ♥♦♥✲♣✉♥❣❡♥t✳
✶✵✳ ❉✐r❡❝t❡❞ t♦ t❤❡ s❛♠❡ r✐✈❡r✱ t❤❡② ✇❡♥t ❧✐❦❡ ❞❡s✐r✐♥❣ ❬♠✐str❡ss❡s❪ ✳
✾
❋r♦♠ ♦❢ ♦❧❞✱ ❜r❡❛❦✐♥❣ str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞s ♦♥❡
❬✐s❪ ❛ ♣r❛✐s❡❞ ❧♦✈❡r ♦❢ t❤❡s❡ ❬✇❛t❡rs❪✳
✖✖
❚♦ t❤② ❤♦♠❡ ❬❤❛✈❡ ❝♦♠❡❪ ❡❛rt❤❧② ❣♦♦❞s✱
♠❛♥② ✇❡❧❧✲✜tt✐♥❣ ❬✇❛t❡rs❪ ❤❛✈❡ ♠❛❞❡ t❤❡✐r ❛♣♣❡❛r❛♥❝❡ ✐♥ ✉s✳

✼ ♣r♦❜✳ man
✏✇❤❡♥ ✐♥♥❡r st❛t❡ ♦❢ ❉❛✇♥ ♦❝❝✉rs ✐♥ s②♥❝ ✇✐t❤ ❛❝t✐✈❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ . ipūra
❝❛❦r❛✑
✽ t❤✐s ❧✐♥❡ ✐s t❤❡ s❛♠❡ ❛s ✹✳✶✼✳✶❞
✾ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✶✳✻✷✳✶✶❝
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✵✳✶✶✷

Nabhah.prebhedana Vairūpa | Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra

ı́ndra pı́ba pratikāmám . sutásya

prātah.sāvástáva hı́ pūrvápı̄tih. |
hárs.asva hántave śūra śátrūn
ukthébhis..te vı̄ryā` prá bravāma || 1 ||

yáste rátho mánaso jávı̄yān

éndra téna somapéyāya yāhi |
tū´yamā´ te hárayah. prá dravantu
yébhiryā´si vŕ..sabhirmándamānah. || 2 ||

háritvatā várcasā sū´ryasya

śrés..thai rūpaıstanvàm
´ . sparśayasva |
asmā´bhirindra sákhibhirhuvānáh.
sadhrı̄cı̄nó mādayasvā nis.ádya || 3 ||

yásya tyátte mahimā´nam . mádes.vimé

mah´ı̄ ródası̄ nā´viviktām |
tádóka ā´ háribhirindra yuktáıh.
priyébhiryāhi priyámánnamácha || 4 ||

yásya śáśvatpapivā´m̃
. indra śátrūn
anānukr.tyā´ rán.yā cakártha |
sá te púram . dhim. távis.ı̄miyarti
sá te mádāya sutá indra sómah. || 5 ||

idám. te pā´tram. sánavittamindra

pı́bā sómamenā´ śatakrato |
pūrn.á āhāvó madirásya mádhvo
yám. vı́śva ı́dabhiháryanti devā´h. || 6 ||

vı́ hı́ tvā´mindra purudhā´ jánāso

hitáprayaso vr..sabha hváyante |
asmā´kam . te mádhumattamānı̄mā´
bhuvansávanā tés.u harya || 7 ||
 ✶✷✽✶

✶✳ ❖ Indra✱ ❞r✐♥❦ ❛t ✇✐❧❧ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❬Soma❪✱

s✐♥❝❡ t❤② ❬✐s❪ t❤❡ ♠♦r♥✐♥❣ ♣r❡ss✐♥❣✱ t❤❡ ✐♥✐t✐❛❧ ❞r❛✉❣❤t✳
▼❛❦❡ t❤②s❡❧❢ ✐♠♣❛t✐❡♥t t♦ s❧❛② ❡♥❡♠✐❡s✱ ❖ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✦
❲❡ ❬✇✐❧❧❪ ♣r♦❝❧❛✐♠ ✇✐t❤ r❡❝✐t❡❞ ✈❡rs❡s t❤② ❞❡❡❞s ♦❢ ✈❛❧♦r✳
✷✳ ❲❤✐❝❤ ❝❤❛r✐♦t ✐s ❢♦r t❤❡❡ q✉✐❝❦❡r t❤❛♥ t❤❡ ♠✐♥❞✱
✉s✐♥❣ t❤❛t ♦♥❡ ❥♦✉r♥❡② ❤❡r❡ ❢♦r ❛ ❞r✐♥❦ ♦❢ Soma✦
◗✉✐❝❦✱ ❧❡t ♣❛❧❡✲②❡❧❧♦✇ ♦♥❡s ❤❛st❡♥ ❤❡r❡ ❢♦r t❤❡❡✱
✶
✇✐t❤ ✇❤✐❝❤ ❜✉❧❧s t❤♦✉ ❝♦♥t✐♥✉❡ t♦ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t❡ t❤②s❡❧❢✦
✸✳ ❇② ✉s✐♥❣ ❣♦❧❞❡♥ ❜r✐❧❧✐❛♥❝❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ s✉♥
❜r✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❜♦❞② ✐♥t♦ ✐♠♠❡❞✐❛t❡ ❝♦♥t❛❝t
✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ♠♦st s♣❧❡♥❞✐❞ ❢♦r♠s✦
❇❡✐♥❣ ❝❛❧❧❡❞ ✉♣♦♥ ❜② ✉s✱ ❜② ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s✱ ❖ Indra✱
♣✉rs✉✐♥❣ t❤❡ s❛♠❡ ❣♦❛❧✱ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t❡ t❤②s❡❧❢
❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❛❦❡♥ s❡❛t ❬✉♣♦♥ t❤❡ s❛❝r✐✜❝✐❛❧ ❣r❛ss❪ ✦
✷
✹✳ ❲❤♦s❡ t❤❛t ✖
t❤② ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ✐♥❝r❡❛s❡ ✐♥ s✐③❡ ❞✉r✐♥❣ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t✐♦♥s ✖
t❤❡s❡ t✇♦ ✈❛st Rodas✲❡s ❞✐❞♥✬t ❡♥❝♦♠♣❛ss✱
❞♦ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❥♦✉r♥❡② t♦ t❤✐s ❞✇❡❧❧✐♥❣
✉s✐♥❣ ❢❛✈♦r✐t❡ ②♦❦❡❞ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s t♦✇❛r❞s ❢❛✈♦r✐t❡ ❢♦♦❞✦
✺✳ ❍❛✈✐♥❣ ❞r✉♥❦ t✐♠❡ ❛♥❞ ❛❣❛✐♥ ♦❢ ✇❤✐❝❤✱ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱
❬❦✐❧❧❡❞❪ r✐✈❛❧s✱
❬❛♥❞❪ ❤❛✈❡ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❧✐s❤❡❞ ✐♥✐♠✐t❛❜❧❡ ✜t✲❢♦r✲✜❣❤t✐♥❣ ❬❢❡❛ts❪✳
❍❡ r♦✉s❡s t❤② ❜❡❛r✐♥❣✲❢✉❧❧♥❡ss ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝♦♥tr♦❧✱
✸
❤❡ ❬✐s❪ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❢♦r t❤② ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t✐♦♥✱ ❖ Indra ✖ Soma✦
✻✳ ❚❤✐s ❤❡r❡ ✐s t❤② ❧♦♥❣ ❛❣♦ ❢♦✉♥❞ ❣♦❜❧❡t✱ ❖ Indra✦
❉r✐♥❦ Soma ❛t t❤✐s t✐♠❡✱ ❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ✇✐❧❡s ♦♥❡✦
❚❤❡ ♣❛✐❧✱ ✇❤✐❝❤ ❛❧❧ deva✲s ❧♦♥❣ ❛❢t❡r✱
✐s ❢✉❧❧ ♦❢ ❜r❡✇✐♥❣ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t✐♦♥ ❤♦♥❡②✳
✼✳ ❙✐♥❝❡ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❢♦❧❦s ✇❤♦s❡ ❞❡❧✐❣❤t ❬❢♦r t❤❡❡❪ ✐s ♣r❡♣❛r❡❞✱
✈❛r✐♦✉s❧② ✈✐❡ ✐♥ ❝❛❧❧✐♥❣✱ ❖ ❛♣♣❡❛r✐♥❣✲❛s✲❛✲❜✉❧❧ ♦♥❡✱
❚❤❡s❡ ♦✉r ♣r❡ss✐♥❣s s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ t❤❡ s✇❡❡t❡st ❢♦r t❤❡❡✳
❉❡❧✐❣❤t ✐♥ t❤❡♠✦

✶ ❞r♦♣s ♦❢ Soma
✷ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✸✳✸✺✳✻❝
✸ Soma
✶✷✽✷

prá ta indra pūrvyā´n.i prá nūnám

.
vı̄ryā` vocam
. prathamā´ kr.tā´ni |
satı̄námanyuraśrathāyo ádrim .
suvedanā´makr.n.orbráhman.e gā´m || 8 ||

nı́ .sú sı̄da gan.apate gan.és.u

tvā´māhurvı́pratamam . kavı̄nā´m |
. canā´ré
ná .rté tvátkriyate kı́m
´
mahāmarkám . maghavañcitrámarca || 9 ||

abhikhyā´ no maghavannā´dhamānān
sákhe bodhı́ vasupate sákhı̄nām |
rán.am. kr.dhi ran.akr.tsatyaśus.mā´bhakte
cidā´ bhajā rāyé asmā´n || 10 ||
 ✶✷✽✸

✽✳ ■ s❤❛❧❧ ♠❡♥t✐♦♥ r✐❣❤t ♥♦✇ t❤② ❢♦r♠❡r✱ ❖ Indra✱

✐♥✐t✐❛❧ ❞❡❡❞s ♦❢ ✈❛❧♦r✳
❬❇❡✐♥❣❪ r❡❛❧❧② ❛♥❣r② t❤♦✉ ♠❛❞❡ t❤❡ r♦❝❦ ❣✐✈❡ ✇❛②✱
t❤♦✉ ♠❛❞❡ t❤❡ ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥ ❢♦r ❛ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥
❡❛s②✲t♦✲❡①♣❡r✐❡♥❝❡✳
✾✳ ❉♦ s✐t ❞♦✇♥ ♠✐❞st tr♦♦♣s✱ ❖ ♦✈❡rs❡❡r ♦❢ tr♦♦♣s✦
❚❤❡② ❝❛❧❧ t❤❡❡ ♠♦st ✐♥s♣✐r❡❞ ♦❢ ♣♦❡ts✱
✇✐t❤♦✉t t❤❡❡✱ ❢❛r ❛✇❛② ❬❢r♦♠ t❤❡❡❪✱
♥♦t❤✐♥❣ ✇❤❛ts♦❡✈❡r ✐s ❛❝❝♦♠♣❧✐s❤❡❞✳
❙✐♥❣ ❛ ❞✐st✐♥❣✉✐s❤❡❞ ❧♦♥❣ ❤②♠♥ ♦❢ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t✐♦♥✱ ❖ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡✦
✶✵✳ ❖ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡✦ ❙❡❡✐♥❣ ✉s t♦ ❜❡ ❛s❦✐♥❣ ❢♦r ❤❡❧♣✱
❖ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥✱ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❛✇❛r❡ ♦❢ ❬t❤②❪ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s✱
❖ ♦✈❡rs❡❡r ♦❢ ❜❡♥❡✜ts✦
▼❛❦❡ ❥♦②✱ ❖ ❝❛✉s✐♥❣✲❥♦② ❤❛✈✐♥❣✲❣❡♥✉✐♥❡✲❢❡r✈♦r ♦♥❡✦
❉♦ ❧❡t ✉s ❤❛✈❡ ❛ s❤❛r❡ ♦❢ ✇❡❛❧t❤ ✖
❡✈❡♥ ✐♥ ✇❤❛t ✐s ♥♦t ❬②❡t❪ ❞✐str✐❜✉t❡❞✦
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✵✳✶✶✸

Śataprabhedana Vairūpa | ✶✕✾ Jagatı̄✱ ✶✵ Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra

támasya dyā´vāpr.thiv´ı̄ sácetasā

vı́śvebhirdevaıránu
´ śús.mamāvatām |
yádáıtkr.n.vānó mahimā´namindriyám .
pı̄tv´ı̄ sómasya krátumām̃ . avardhata || 1 ||

támasya vı́s.n.urmahimā´namójasām. śúm

.
dadhanvā´nmádhuno vı́ rapśate |
devébhirı́ndro maghávā sayā´vabhir
. jaghanvā´m̃
vr.trám . abhavadváren.yah. || 2 ||

vr.trén.a yádáhinā bı́bhradā´yudhā

samásthithā yudháye śám . samāvı́de |
vı́śve te átra marútah. sahá tmánā´vardhannugra
mahimā´namindriyám || 3 ||

jajñāná evá vyabādhata spŕ.dhah.

prā´paśyadvı̄ró abhı́ paum
´ . syam. rán.am |
ávr.ścadádrimáva sasyádah. sr.jad
ástabhnānnā´kam . svapasyáyā pr.thúm || 4 ||

ā´dı́ndrah. satrā´ távis.ı̄rapatyata

várı̄yo dyā´vāpr.thiv´ı̄ abādhata |
ávābharaddhr..sitó vájramāyasám .
śévam. mitrā´ya várun.āya dāśús.e || 5 ||

ı́ndrasyā´tra távis.ı̄bhyo virapśı́na

.rghāyató aram . hayanta manyáve |
vr.trám
. yádugró vyávr.ścadójasāpó
bı́bhratam . támasā párı̄vr.tam || 6 ||

yā´ vı̄ryā`n.i prathamā´ni kártvā

mahitvébhiryátamānau samı̄yátuh. |
′
dhvāntám . támó va dadhvase hatá
ı́ndro mahnā´ pūrváhūtāvapatyata || 7 ||
 ✶✷✽✺

✶✳ ❚❤❛t ❤✐s ❢❡r✈♦r t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤✱

❜❡✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❛❣r❡❡♠❡♥t ✇✐t❤ ❛❧❧ deva✲s✱ ❡♥❝♦✉r❛❣❡❞✳
❲❤❡♥ ❤❡ ❦❡♣t ✇♦r❦✐♥❣ ❛t t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ✐♥❝r❡❛s❡ ✐♥ s✐③❡✱
❬❛♥❞❪ ❛t t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r ♦✈❡r ❛✛❡❝t✐♦♥s✱
❞r✐♥❦✐♥❣ Soma✱ r❡s♦✉r❝❡❢✉❧✱ ❤❡ ❣r❡✇ str♦♥❣❡r✳
✷✳ ❚❤❛t ❤✐s ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ✈✐❣♦r♦✉s❧② ✐♥❝r❡❛s❡ ✐♥ s✐③❡
Visn.u ❬str❡♥❣t❤❡♥❡❞❪✱
❤❛✈✐♥❣. ♠❛❞❡ t❤❡ st❛❧❦ ✢♦✇✱ ❤❡ ❜❡❝❛♠❡ ❛❜♦✉♥❞✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❤♦♥❡②✳
✶
Indra t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ❣♦✐♥❣ ❛❧♦♥❣ ✇✐t❤ ❬❤✐♠❪ deva✲s
❤❛✈✐♥❣ s❧❛②❡❞ Vr.tra✱
❜❡❝❛♠❡ t♦✲❜❡✲♣r❡❢❡rr❡❞ ❬t♦ ♦t❤❡rs❪✳
✸✳ ❲❤❡♥ t❤♦✉✱ ❜❡❛r✐♥❣ ✇❡❛♣♦♥s✱ st♦♦❞ st✐❧❧ ✐♥ ♦r❞❡r t♦ ✜❣❤t
✇✐t❤ t❤❡ s♥❛❦❡✱ ✇✐t❤ Vr.tra ✖ t♦ ✉♥❞❡rst❛♥❞ t❤❡ s♣❡❧❧✱
❛❧❧ Marut✲s✱ ✐♥❞❡❡❞ ❥♦✐♥t❧②✱ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥❡❞
t❤② ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ✐♥❝r❡❛s❡ ✐♥ s✐③❡✱ ❬❛♥❞❪ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r ♦✈❡r ❛✛❡❝t✐♦♥s✱
❖ ❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s ♦♥❡✦
✹✳ ❏✉st ❜♦r♥ ✱ ❤❡ s❝❛r❡❞ ❛✇❛② ❛❞✈❡rs❛r✐❡s✳
✷
❚❤❡ ❤❡r♦ ❧♦♦❦❡❞ ❛t ❬t❤❡♠❪ ❢♦r t❤❡ ♠❛♥❧② ❞❡❧✐❣❤t ❬♦❢ ❜❛tt❧❡❪✳
❍❡ ❜r♦❦❡ t❤❡ r♦❝❦ ✖ ❤❡ s❤❛❧❧ s❡♥❞ ♦✛ ❞✐s❝❤❛r❣✐♥❣ ❬str❡❛♠s❪✳
❲✐t❤ s❦✐❧❧❢✉❧ ✇♦r❦ ❤❡ ♣r♦♣♣❡❞ ❡①♣❛♥s✐✈❡ s♣❛❝❡
✇❤❡r❡ t❤❡r❡ ✐s ♥♦ ♣❛✐♥✳
✺✳ ❚❤❡r❡✉♣♦♥✱ Indra ❛❧✇❛②s ♦✈❡rs❛✇ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡rs t♦ ❝♦♥tr♦❧✳
❍❡ ♣r❡ss❡❞ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤ ❢✉rt❤❡r ❛♣❛rt✳
❍❡ ❜r♦✉❣❤t ❞♦✇♥ ♣r♦✈♦❦❡❞ ✐r♦♥ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t ✖
❛ ❤♦♠❛❣❡ t♦ Mitra✱ t♦ Varuna✱ t♦ t❤❡ ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡r✳
✻✳ ■♥ t❤✐s ♠❛tt❡r✱ t❤❡② ✱ .
✸
❡①✉❜❡r❛♥t ❜❡❝❛✉s❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡rs t♦ ❝♦♥tr♦❧
♦❢ r❛✈✐♥❣ Indra✱ ✉r❣❡❞ t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s ♦♥ ❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ ❬❤✐s❪ r❛❣❡✱
✇❤❡♥ ❤❡✱ ❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s✱ ✈✐❣♦r♦✉s❧② ❤❡✇ ✐♥t♦ ♣✐❡❝❡s
❦❡❡♣✐♥❣ ✇❛t❡rs✱ ❝♦♥❝❡❛❧❡❞ ❜② ✐❣♥♦r❛♥❝❡ Vr.tra✳
✼✳ ❚❤❡ t✇♦ ❤❛✈❡ ❝♦♠❡ t♦❣❡t❤❡r
✹
❡①t❡♥❞✐♥❣ t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s ✇✐t❤ ♣♦✇❡rs t♦ ❡①♣❛♥❞ ✖
❬t❤♦s❡ ❛r❡❪ t♦ ❜❡ ❡✛❡❝t❡❞ ✜rst ✇❤✐❝❤ ❛r❡ ❛s♣❡❝ts ♦❢ ✈❛❧♦r✳
❲❤❡♥ str✉❝❦✱ ✈❡✐❧❡❞ ✐❣♥♦r❛♥❝❡ ❤❛s ❞✐s♣❡rs❡❞ ✖
Indra r❡✐❣♥❡❞ ♠✐❣❤t✐❧②
✇❤❡♥ ❬❤❡ ❤❛❞❪ t❤❡ ♣r❡❝❡❞❡♥❝❡ ❛t ✐♥✈♦❝❛t✐♦♥ ❬♦❢ deva✲s❪✳
✶ ❤❡r❡ ❂ ✏s♣✐♥❡ ❝♦❧✉♠♥✑
✷ t❤❛t ✐s✱ ❜❡❝❛♠❡ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❡❞
✸ ♣r♦❜✳ Marut✲s
✹ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝♦♥tr♦❧ ❛♥❞ t❤❡ r❛❣❡
✶✷✽✻

vı́śve devā´so ádha vŕ..sn.yāni té ′vardhayan

sómavatyā vacasyáyā |
raddhám . vr.trámáhimı́ndrasya hánmanāgnı́rná
jámbhaistr..svánnamāvayat || 8 ||

bhū´ri dáks.ebhirvacanébhirŕ.kvabhih.
sakhyébhih. sakhyā´ni prá vocata |
ı́ndro dhúnim . ca cúmurim. ca dambháyañ
chraddhāmanasyā´ śr.n.ute dabh´ı̄taye || 9 ||

. purū´n.yā´ bharā sváśvyā

tvám
yébhirmám . sai nivácanāni śám. san |
sugébhirvı́śvā duritā´ tarema
vidó .sú n.a urviyā´ gādhámadyá || 10 ||
 ✶✷✽✼

✽✳ ▼♦r❡♦✈❡r✱ ❛❧❧ t❤❡ deva✲s str❡♥❣t❤❡♥❡❞ ❢♦r t❤❡❡✱

✉s✐♥❣ r✐❝❤ ✐♥ Soma ❡❧♦q✉❡♥❝❡✱
❬t❤♦s❡❪ ❛❜♦✉t✲t♦✲❜❡❝♦♠❡✲❡✛❡❝t✐✈❡ ♠❛♥❧② ♣♦✇❡rs✳
●r❡❡❞✐❧②✱ ❛s ✜r❡ ✇✐t❤ ❬✐ts❪ ✏t❡❡t❤✑ ❬✐ts❪ ✏❢♦♦❞✑✱
❤❡
✺ ❝♦♥s✉♠❡❞ s✉❜❞✉❡❞ ❜② Indra✬s t❤r✉st s♥❛❦❡✱ ❬❛♥❞❪ Vr.tra✳
✾✳ ❉♦ ②❡ r❡♣❡❛t❡❞❧② ♠❡♥t✐♦♥ ✉s✐♥❣ ❞✐s❝❡r♥✐♥❣ ♣r❛✐s✐♥❣ ♣❤r❛s❡s
❬❤✐s❪ r❡❧❛t✐♦♥s ✇✐t❤ ❢❡❧❧♦✇s❤✐♣s ❬♦❢ ✇❛rr✐♦rs❪✦
Indra✱ ❞❡❝❡✐✈✐♥❣ ❬❞❡♠♦♥s❪ Cumuri ❛♥❞ Dhuni✱
❣✐✈❡s ❬t❤❡♠❪ ❡❛r✱ ✇✐t❤ ✐♥t❡♥t t♦ ❜❡ ❧♦②❛❧ ❬t♦ ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡r❪ ✖
✐♥ ♦r❞❡r t♦ ❞❡❝❡✐✈❡✳
✶✵✳ ❉♦ t❤♦✉ ❜r✐♥❣ ♠❛♥② ✇❡❧❧✲♣r♦✈✐❞❡❞✲✇✐t❤✲❤♦rs❡s
✻ ❬✈❡rs❡s❪✱
✼
✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ❤❡❧♣ ♦❢ ✇❤✐❝❤ ■✱ r❡❝✐t✐♥❣ ❡♥✐❣♠❛t✐❝ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s✱
✇♦✉❧❞ r❡✢❡❝t ✉♣♦♥ ❬t❤❡♠❪✳
❬❙♦ t❤❛t❪ ✇❡ ♠✐❣❤t ❝r♦ss ♦✈❡r ❛❧❧ ❞✐✣❝✉❧t✐❡s ❛❧♦♥❣ ❡❛s② ♣❛t❤✇❛②s✱
t❤♦✉ ✇✐❧❧ ❡❛s✐❧② ✜♥❞ ❢♦r ✉s t♦❞❛② ❛ ❢♦r❞ t❤r♦✉❣❤ t❤❡ ✇✐❞❡ ❊❛rt❤✳

✺ Soma
✻ r❤②t❤♠s
✼ ❢♦❧❧♦✇✐♥❣ ❬❏❛♠✐s♦♥ ❛♥❞ ❇r❡r❡t♦♥✱ ✷✵✶✹✱ ♣✳✶✺✽✶❪
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✵✳✶✶✻

Agniyuta Sthaura | Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra

pı́bā sómam . mahatá indriyā´ya

pı́bā vr.trā´ya hántave śavis..tha |
pı́ba rāyé śávase hūyámānah.
pı́ba mádhvastr.pádindrā´ vr..sasva || 1 ||

asyá piba ks.umátah. prásthitasyéndra

sómasya váramā´ sutásya |
svastidā´ mánasā mādayasvārvācı̄nó
reváte saubhagāya
´ || 2 ||

mamáttu tvā divyáh. sóma indra

mamáttu yáh. sūyáte pā´rthives.u |
mamáttu yéna várivaścakártha
mamáttu yéna nirin.ā´si śátrūn || 3 ||

ā´ dvibárhā aminó yātvı́ndro

. páris.iktamándhah. |
vŕ..sā háribhyām
gávyā´ sutásya prábhr.tasya mádhvah.
satrā´ khédāmaruśahā´ vr..sasva || 4 ||

nı́ tigmā´ni bhrāśáyanbhrā´śyānyáva

sthirā´ tanuhi yātujū´nām |
ugrā´ya te sáho bálam . dadāmi
prat´ı̄tyā śátrūnvigadés.u vr.śca || 5 ||
 ✶✷✽✾

✶✳ ❉r✐♥❦ Soma ❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ ❛♠♣❧❡ ♣♦✇❡r ♦✈❡r ❛✛❡❝t✐♦♥s✱

❞r✐♥❦ ❢♦r Vr.tra t♦ ❜❡ s❧❛✐♥✱
❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♠♦st ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡ ♦♥❡✦
❉r✐♥❦ ❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡✱
❜❡✐♥❣ s✉♠♠♦♥❡❞ ❢♦r t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✦
❉r✐♥❦ t♦ t❤② s❛t✐s❢❛❝t✐♦♥✱ ❖ Indra✱ ✶
♣♦✉r ❬✐t ✐♥t♦ t❤② ❜❡❧❧②❪ ✦
✷✳ ❉r✐♥❦ t❤✐s ♥♦✉r✐s❤✐♥❣ ♣r❡♣❛r❡❞ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ Soma
t♦ t❤② ❤❡❛rt✬s ❝♦♥t❡♥t✱ ❖ Indra✦
❇❡st♦✇✐♥❣ ✇❡❧❧✲❜❡✐♥❣✱ ♠❡♥t❛❧❧② ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t❡ t❤②s❡❧❢✱
t✉r♥❡❞ ❤✐t❤❡r✇❛r❞ ❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ ♣❧❡♥t✐❢✉❧ ❢♦rt✉♥❡✳
✸✳ ▼❛② ❞✐✈✐♥❡ Soma ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t❡ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Indra✱
♠❛② t❤❛t ♦♥❡✱ ✇❤✐❝❤ ✐s ♣r❡ss❡❞ ❛♠♦♥❣ ❡❛rt❤❧✐♥❣s✱
❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t❡ ❬t❤❡❡❪✦
▼❛② t❤❛t ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t❡ ❬t❤❡❡❪
✇✐t❤ ✇❤✐❝❤ t❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ❝r❡❛t❡❞ ♠❡♥t❛❧ s♣❛❝❡✱
♠❛② t❤❛t ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t❡ ❬t❤❡❡❪
✇✐t❤ ✇❤✐❝❤ t❤♦✉ s❝❛tt❡r ❡♥❡♠✐❡s✦
✹✳ ▼❛② t✇✐❝❡✲s✇♦❧❧❡♥✱ ❢♦rt✐❢②✐♥❣ ❤✐♠s❡❧❢
❬✇✐t❤ ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ str❡♥❣t❤s❪
✷ ❜✉❧❧ Indra
❥♦✉r♥❡② ❤❡r❡ ✉s✐♥❣ t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s t♦✇❛r❞s s♣r✐♥❦❧❡❞ Soma ❥✉✐❝❡✦
❬▼❛② t❤♦✉ ❞r✐♥❦❪ ♦✛❡r❡❞ ♣❧❛❝❡❞ ♣r❡ss❡❞✲♦✉t ✐♥t♦ ♠✐❧❦ ❬Soma❪✱
t❤❡ ✏❤♦♥❡②✑✦
▼❛② t❤♦✉✱
✐♥ ❡✈❡r② ✇❛② ❞✐s♣❡rs✐♥❣ ♥♦♥✲❧✉♠✐♥♦✉s ❬st❛t❡s ♦❢ ♠✐♥❞❪✱
s❤❡❞ t❤❡ ❢❡❡❧✐♥❣ ♦❢ ❜❡✐♥❣ ❡①❤❛✉st❡❞✦
✺✳ ❯♥❞❡r♠✐♥✐♥❣ s❝♦r❝❤✐♥❣ t♦✲❜❡✲♦✈❡rt❤r♦✇♥ ❬❞❛r❦❡♥✐♥❣ ❡♠♦t✐♦♥s ❪✱
✸
❧♦♦s❡♥ t❤❡ r❡s✐st❛♥❝❡ ♦❢ t❤♦s❡ ✇❤✐❝❤ ❛r❡ ✐♠♣❡❧❧❡❞ ❜② ✐♥❢❛t✉❛t✐♦♥s✦
■ ❣✐✈❡ t♦ ❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s t❤❡❡ ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ str❡♥❣t❤ ❬❛♥❞❪ ❢♦r❝❡✳
❖♣♣♦s✐♥❣ ❡♥❡♠✐❡s ♠✐❞st ❝♦♥❢✉s❡❞ s❤♦✉t✐♥❣✱
❤❡✇ ❬t❤❡♠❪ ✐♥t♦ ♣✐❡❝❡s✦

✶ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✶✵✳✾✻✳✶✸❞

✷ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✻✳✶✾✳✶❜
✸ rajāmsi
.
✶✷✾✵

vyàryá indra tanuhi śrávām. syója

sthiréva dhánvano ′bhı́mātı̄h. |
asmadryàgvāvr.dhānáh. sáhobhir
. vāvr.dhasva || 6 ||
ánibhr..s.tastanvàm

idám
. havı́rmaghavantúbhyam . rātám
.
práti samrā..dáhr.n.āno gr.bhāya |
túbhyam . sutó maghavantúbhyam .
pakvò ′ddh`ı̄ndra pı́ba ca prásthitasya || 7 ||

addh´ı̄dindra prásthitemā´ hav´ı̄m

. .si
cáno dadhis.va pacatótá sómam |
práyasvantah. práti haryāmasi tvā
satyā´h. santu yájamānasya kā´māh. || 8 ||

préndrāgnı́bhyām. suvacasyā´miyarmi
sı́ndhāviva prérayam. nā´vamarkáıh. |
áyā iva pári caranti devā´
yé asmábhyam . dhanadā´ udbhı́daśca || 9 ||
 ✶✷✾✶

✻✳ ❖ Indra✱ ♣❡r✈❛❞❡ ❛✉❞✐t♦r② ✐♠♣r❡ss✐♦♥s ♦❢ r✐s✐♥❣ ✉♣✇❛r❞s ♦♥❡ ✦ ✹

❬❲❡❛❦❡♥❪ ♣❧♦tt✐♥❣ ❬❛❣❛✐♥st ✉s ❡♥❡♠✐❡s❪✱ ❬t❤❡✐r❪ ✈✐❣♦✉r ✖
❧✐❦❡ t❤❡ r❡s✐st❛♥❝❡ ♦❢ ❛ ❜♦✇ ✦ ✺
❬❚✉r♥✐♥❣ ♦❜st❛❝❧❡s❪ ❛✇❛② ❢r♦♠ ✉s✱
❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❛✉❣♠❡♥t❡❞ ❜② ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ str❡♥❣t❤s✱
✉♥❛❜❛t✐♥❣✱ t❤♦✉ s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ ♠❛❞❡ t❤②s❡❧❢ str♦♥❣❡r✦
✼✳ ❘❡❝❡✐✈❡ ✇✐t❤♦✉t ❜❡✐♥❣ ❛♥❣❡r❡❞ t❤✐s ❣r❛♥t❡❞ t♦ t❤❡❡✱
❖ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡✱ ♦❜❧❛t✐♦♥✱
❖ ❥♦✐♥t r✉❧❡r ❬♦❢ ❞r❛✇✐♥❣ t♦ t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s ❪ ✦ ✻ ✼
❋♦r t❤❡❡✱ ❖ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡✱ ❬t❤✐s ✐s❪ ♣r❡ss❡❞ ♦✉t✱
❢♦r t❤❡❡ ❬t❤✐s ✐s❪ ❝♦♦❦❡❞✳
❊❛t ❛♥❞ ❞r✐♥❦ ✇❤❛t ✐s s❡t ❢♦rt❤✱ ❖ Indra✦
✽✳ ❊❛t t❤❡s❡ s❡t ❢♦rt❤ ♦❜❧❛t✐♦♥s✱
♠❛❦❡ ❝♦♦❦❡❞ ❬t❤✐♥❣s❪ ❛♥❞ Soma ❬t❤②❪ ❞❡❧✐❣❤t✦
❲❡✱ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣ ❧✐❜❛t✐♦♥s✱ ♣r♦❝✉r❡ t❤❡❡ ✖
♠❛② ❞❡s✐r❡s ♦❢ t❤❡ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡r ❜❡ r❡❛❧✐③❡❞✦
✾✳ ❋♦r Indra ❛♥❞ Agni ■ s❡t ✐♥ ♠♦t✐♦♥ ❜❡❛✉t✐❢✉❧ ♣❤r❛s❡✳
❲✐t❤ ❤②♠♥s ♦❢ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t✐♦♥ ■ s❤❛❧❧ ♠❛❦❡ t❤❡ s❤✐♣ ✽
t♦ ♠♦✈❡ ❛s ✐❢ ♦♥ ❛ r✐✈❡r✳
Deva✲s ♠♦✈❡ ❛r♦✉♥❞ ❧✐❦❡ ❞✐❝❡✱ ❬t❤♦s❡ deva✲s❪
t❤❛t ❛r❡ ❜✉rst✐♥❣ t❤r♦✉❣❤ ❛♥❞ ❣✐✈✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♣r✐③❡ t♦ ✉s✳

✹ ✐♥♥❡r Soma
✺ t❤❛t ✐s✱ ❧♦♦s❡♥✐♥❣ ❢✉❡❧✐♥❣ t❤❡♠ ❡♠♦t✐♦♥s✱ ❧✐❦❡ ❜♦✇✬s t❡♥s✐♦♥ ✐s ❧❡ss❡♥❡❞ ❜②

r❡♠♦✈✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❜♦✇str✐♥❣

✻ s❡♥s❡s
✼ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✽✳✶✻✳✶❛
✽ Indra
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✵✳✶✷✵

Br.haddiva Ātharvan.a | Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra

tádı́dāsa bhúvanes.u jyés..tham .

yáto jajñá ugrástves.ánr.mn.ah. |
sadyó jajñānó nı́ rin.āti śátrūn
ánu yám . vı́śve mádantyū´māh. || 1 ||

vāvr.dhānáh. śávasā bhū´ryojāh.

śátrurdāsā´ya bhiyásam . dadhāti |
ávyanacca vyanácca sásni
sám . te navanta prábhr.tā mádes.u || 2 ||

tvé krátumápi vr.ñjanti vı́śve

dvı́ryádeté trı́rbhávantyū´māh. |
svādóh. svā´dı̄yah. svādúnā sr.jā
sámadáh. sú mádhu mádhunābhı́ yodhı̄h. || 3 ||

ı́ti ciddhı́ tvā dhánā jáyantam .

mádemade anumádanti vı́prāh. |
ójı̄yo dhr..sn.o sthirámā´ tanus.va
mā´ tvā dabhanyātudhā´nā durévāh. || 4 ||

tváyā vayám . śāśadmahe rán.es.u

prapáśyanto yudhényāni bhū´ri |
codáyāmi ta ā´yudhā vácobhih.
sám
. te śiśāmi bráhman.ā váyām . si || 5 ||

stus.éyyam . puruvárpasamŕ.bhvam
inátamamāptyámāptyā´nām |
ā´ dars.ate śávasā saptá dā´nūn
prá sāks.ate pratimā´nāni bhū´ri || 6 ||
 ✶✷✾✸

✶✳ ❏✉st t❤❛t ❛♠♦♥❣ ♣❧❛❝❡s ♦❢ ❡①✐st❡♥❝❡ ✐s ❡①❝❡❧❧❡♥t✱

❢r♦♠ ✇❤✐❝❤ ❤❡✱ ✇❤♦s❡ ❝♦✉r❛❣❡ ✐s ✈❡❤❡♠❡♥t✱
✇❛s ❜♦r♥ ❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s✳
❍❛✈✐♥❣ ❜❡❡♥ ❜♦r♥✱ ✐♥ t❤❡ ✈❡r② ♠♦♠❡♥t✱ ❤❡✱
✇❤♦♠ ❛❧❧ ❤❡❧♣❡rs ❝❤❡❡r
✶ ♦♥✱ s❝❛tt❡rs ❡♥❡♠✐❡s✳
✷✳ ❍❛✈✐♥❣ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ str♦♥❣❡r t❤r♦✉❣❤ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱
❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥t ✈✐❣♦✉r✱
t❤❡ ♦✈❡rt❤r♦✇❡r ❜r✐♥❣s ❢❡❛r t♦ t❤❡ ❞❡♠♦♥✳
❉✉r✐♥❣ ✐♥t♦①✐❝❛t✐♦♥s✱ ❛t ❜r✐♥❣✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡❡❪ ❢♦rt❤✱ ❢♦r t❤② s❛❦❡✱
❬❤❡❧♣❡rs❪ ✜♥❞ t❤❡✐r ✇❛② t♦✇❛r❞s ♣r♦❝✉r✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡❡ ❛❜♦❞❡❪ ✖
✇❤❡t❤❡r ✐t ✏❞✐✈✐❞❡s t❤❡ ❜r❡❛t❤✑
✷ ♦r ♥♦t✳
✸✳ ■♥t♦ t❤❡❡ t❤❡② ❛❧❧ ❜✉♥❞❧❡ r❡s♦✉r❝❡❢✉❧♥❡ss
✇❤❡♥ t❤♦s❡ ❤❡❧♣❡rs ❝♦♠❡ ✐♥t♦ ❜❡✐♥❣ t✇✐❝❡✱ ❬♦r❪ t❤r✐❝❡✳
✸ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ♣❛❧❛t❛❜❧❡ ♦♥❡✹ ✦
✏▼✐♥❣❧❡ s✇❡❡t❡r t❤❛♥ s✇❡❡t ♦♥❡
✺
❚❤♦✉ s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ ❛❝q✉✐r❡❞ t❤❛t ❤♦♥❡② ❜② ✜❣❤t✐♥❣✱
✻
✉s✐♥❣ ❬t❤✐s❪ ❤♦♥❡② ✱✑
✹✳ s✐♥❝❡ ✈❡r✐❧② t❤✉s ✐♥✇❛r❞❧② ❡①❝✐t❡❞ ♦♥❡s ❝❤❡❡r❡❞ t❤❡❡✱
✇❤♦ ✐s ✇✐♥♥✐♥❣ ♣r✐③❡s✱ ♦♥✱ ✐♥ r❛♣t✉r❡✲❛❢t❡r✲r❛♣t✉r❡✱
❞♦ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ ❞❛r✐♥❣ ♦♥❡✱ ♦✈❡rs♣r❡❛❞ t❤❡ ✜❡r❝❡st r❡s✐st❛♥❝❡✦
▼❛② ♥♦t t❤♦s❡ ✇❤♦ ❛r❡ ✐❧❧✲❞✐s♣♦s❡❞✱
❝✉rs❡❞ ✇✐t❤ ❛♥ ✐♥❢❛t✉❛t✐♦♥✱ ❞❡❝❡✐✈❡ t❤❡❡✦
✺✳ ❲❡✱ ❢♦r❡s❡❡✐♥❣ ♠❛♥② t♦✲❜❡✲♦✈❡r❝♦♠❡ ❬♦❜st❛❝❧❡s❪✱
t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ t❤❡❡ ❤❛✈❡ ❞✐st✐♥❣✉✐s❤❡❞ ♦✉rs❡❧✈❡s ✐♥ ❜❛tt❧❡s✳
❇② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ✉tt❡r❛♥❝❡s ■ ♠❛❦❡ t❤② ✇❡❛♣♦♥s t♦ ♠♦✈❡ q✉✐❝❦❧②✱
❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❛ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥✱ ❢♦r t❤❡❡✱
■ s❤❛r♣❡♥ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ❡♥❡r❣✐❡s ♦❢ t❤❡ ♠✐♥❞ ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ❜♦❞②✳
✻✳ ❬■ ❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥ ❤✐♠✱ ✇❤♦ ✐s❪ ♣r❛✐s❡✇♦rt❤②✱
❤❛✈✐♥❣ ♠✉❧t✐♣❧❡ ❛ss✉♠❡❞ ❢♦r♠s✱ s❦✐❧❧❢✉❧✱ ♠♦st ✐♥✈✐❣♦r❛t✐♥❣✱
♦❢ ❬❛❧❧❪ t♦✲❜❡✲♦❜t❛✐♥❡❞ ♦♥❡s ❬t❤❡ ♦♥❡❪ t♦✲❜❡✲♦❜t❛✐♥❡❞✱
s♦ t❤❛t ❜② t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡ ❤❡ ✇♦✉❧❞ ♠❛❦❡ ❛❝❝❡ss✐❜❧❡
t❤❡ s❡✈❡♥ ❧✐❜❡r❛❧ ♦♥❡s ✱
✼
s♦ t❤❛t ❤❡ ✇♦✉❧❞ ♦✈❡r♣♦✇❡r ♠❛♥② ✇❡❧❧✲♠❛t❝❤❡❞ ♦♣♣♦♥❡♥ts✳

✶ ♣r♦❜✳ deva✲s
✷ ♣r♦❜✳ ❛ ❜r❡❛t❤✐♥❣ t❡❝❤♥✐q✉❡ ✐♥ ✇❤✐❝❤ ✐♥❤❛❧❛t✐♦♥ ❛♥❞ ❡①❤❛❧❛t✐♦♥ ❛r❡ ✈✐s✉✲
❛❧✐③❡❞ ❛s ♦r✐❣✐♥❛t✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❛ ♣❛rt✐❝✉❧❛r ❝❛❦r❛
✸ ❜❡t❛✲❡♥❞♦r♣❤✐♥s
✹ Soma
✺ ❜❡t❛✲❡♥❞♦r♣❤✐♥s
✻ Soma
✼ ♣r♦❜✳ ❝❛❦r❛s ♦r ✐♥♥❡r ✇❛t❡rs
✶✷✾✹

nı́ táddadhis.é ′varam

. páram . ca
yásminnā´vithā´vasā duron.é |
ā´ mātárā sthāpayase jigatnū´
áta inos.i kárvarā purū´n.i || 7 ||

imā´ bráhma br.háddivo vivakt´ı̄ndrāya

śūs.ámagriyáh. svars.ā´h. |
mahó gotrásya ks.ayati svarā´jo
dúraśca vı́śvā avr.n.odápa svā´h. || 8 ||

evā´ mahā´nbr.háddivo átharvā´vocat

svā´m
. tanvàmı́ndramevá |
svásāro mātarı́bhvarı̄rariprā´
hinvánti ca śávasā vardháyanti ca || 9 ||
 ✶✷✾✺

✼✳ ❚❤❛t ❞✇❡❧❧✐♥❣✽ t❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ❛❝❝❡♣t❡❞✱

✐♥ ✇❤✐❝❤ t❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ❛♥✐♠❛t❡❞ ✇✐t❤ ❬t❤②❪ ❛✐❞
t❤❡ ♣r✐♦r ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ❧❛t❡r ❬✈✐t❛❧ ❛✐rs✾ ❪✳
❚❤♦✉ ❝❛✉s❡ t✇♦ ❡✈❡r✲✐♥✲♠♦t✐♦♥ ♣❛r❡♥ts✶✵ t♦ ❜❡ st❛❜❧❡✱
❬❛♥❞✱❪ ✐♥ t❤✐s ❝❛s❡✱ t❤♦✉ ✐♥✈✐❣♦r❛t❡ ♥✉♠❡r♦✉s ❛❝t✐♦♥s✳
✽✳ Br.haddiva✱ ♣r✐♥❝✐♣❛❧ ❬❛♥❞❪ ❣❛✐♥✐♥❣✲svàr ❬s❛❝r✐✜❝❡r❪✱
✉tt❡rs t❤❡s❡ ❬✈❡rs❡s❪ ❬❛♥❞❪ ❤✐❣❤✲s♣✐r✐t❡❞ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥ ❢♦r Indra✳
❍❡ ❣♦✈❡r♥s ❛ ♠✐❣❤t② ❧✐♥❡❛❣❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ s❡❧❢✲r✉❧✐♥❣ ♦♥❡✶✶ ✱
❛♥❞ ♦♣❡♥❡❞ ❛❧❧ ❤✐s ♦✇♥ ❞♦♦rs✳
✾✳ ❏✉st s♦ ♠✐❣❤t② Atharvan Br.haddiva
❞❡❝❧❛r❡❞ ❤✐s ♦✇♥ s❡❧❢ t♦ Indra✱ ❥✉st s♦✳
❆r✐s✐♥❣✲✐♥✲t❤❡✲♠♦t❤❡r✶✷ ❤❛✈✐♥❣✲♥♦✲✐♠♣✉r✐t✐❡s s✐st❡rs✶✸
✉r❣❡ ❬❤✐♠✶✹ ❪ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡ t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱
❛♥❞ ♠❛❦❡ ❬❤✐♠❪ ❣r♦✇ str♦♥❣❡r✳

✽ ❝❛❦r❛
✾ ♣r♦❜✳ prāna ❛♥❞ apāna
.
✶✵ t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤ ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥
✶✶ Indra
✶✷ ❤❡r❡ ✏♠♦t❤❡r✑ ♠❡❛♥s ✏t❤❡ ❜♦❞②✑
✶✸ ✐♥♥❡r ✇❛t❡rs
✶✹ Atharvan Brhaddiva
.
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✵✳✶✸✶

Sukı̄rti Kāks.ı̄vata | ✶✕✸✱ ✺✕✼ Tris..tubh✱ ✹ An.us..tubh | t♦ Indra✱

Aśvin✲s

ápa prā´ca indra vı́śvām̃. amı́trān

ápā´pāco abhibhūte nudasva |
ápódı̄co ápa śūrādharā´ca
urau ´ yáthā táva śármanmádema || 1 ||

kuvı́daṅgá yávamanto yávam . cid

yáthā dā´ntyanupūrvám . viy ´
ū ya |
ihéhais.ām kr
. .. n uhi bhójanāni
yé barhı́s.o námovr.ktim . ná jagmúh. || 2 ||

nahı́ sthū´ryr.tuthā´ yātámásti

nótá śrávo vivide sam . gamés.u |
gavyánta ı́ndram . sakhyā´ya vı́prā
. vājáyantah. || 3 ||
aśvāyánto vŕ..san.am

. surā´mamaśvinā námucāvāsuré sácā |

yuvám
vipipānā´ śubhaspatı̄ ı́ndram
. kármasvāvatam || 4 ||

putrámiva pitárāvaśvı́nobhéndrāváthuh.
kā´vyairdam. sánābhih. |
yátsurā´mam. vyápibah. śácı̄bhih.
sárasvatı̄ tvā maghavannabhis.n.ak || 5 ||

ı́ndrah. sutrā´mā svávām̃

. ávobhih.
sumr...dı̄kó bhavatu viśvávedāh. |
bā´dhatām. dvés.o ábhayam . kr.n.otu
suv´ı̄ryasya pátayah. syāma || 6 ||

tásya vayám . sumatau´ yajñı́yasyā´pi

bhadré saumanasé syāma |
sá sutrā´mā svávām̃
. ı́ndro asmé
ārā´cciddvés.ah. sanutáryuyotu || 7 ||
 ✶✷✾✼

✶✳ P✉s❤ ❛✇❛②✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❤♦st✐❧❡s ❝♦♠✐♥❣ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ❢r♦♥t✱

❛✇❛② t❤♦s❡ ❝♦♠✐♥❣ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ❜❡❤✐♥❞✱ ❖ ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ ♦♥❡✱
❛✇❛② t❤♦s❡ ❝♦♠✐♥❣ ❢r♦♠ ❛❜♦✈❡✱
❖ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱ ❛✇❛② t❤♦s❡ ❝♦♠✐♥❣ ❢r♦♠ ❜❡❧♦✇✱
s♦ t❤❛t ✇❡ ♠✐❣❤t r❡❥♦✐❝❡ ✐♥ t❤② ✇✐❞❡ s❤❡❧t❡r✦
✷✳ ❲♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❜❛r❧❡② ♦♥❡s ❣✐✈❡ ✉♣✱ ❢♦r ✐♥st❛♥❝❡✱
❡✈❡♥ ❛ ❬s✐♥❣❧❡❪ ❜❛r❧❡②✲❝♦r♥
✇❤✐❧❡ s❡♣❛r❛t✐♥❣ ❬❣r❛✐♥s ❢r♦♠ st❡♠❪ ♦♥❡✲❛❢t❡r✲❛♥♦t❤❡r❄
▼❛❦❡ ❤❡r❡ ❛♥❞ t❤❡r❡ s♦✉r❝❡s ♦❢ ♣❧❡❛s✉r❡ t❤❡✐rs
✇❤♦ ❤❛✈❡ ♥♦t s❡t ♦✉t t♦ ❛❞♦r❡ ❬t❤❡❡❪
✇✐t❤ ❥✉st ❛ ❜✉♥❞❧❡ ♦❢ s❛❝r✐✜❝✐❛❧ ❣r❛ss✦
✸✳ ❙✐♥❝❡ ✇❤❛t ✐s ❞r❛✇♥ ❜② ♦♥❡ ✏❛♥✐♠❛❧✑ ❞♦❡s ♥♦t ♣r♦❝❡❡❞ ♣r♦♣❡r❧②✱
❛♥❞ ♦♥❡ ❞♦❡s ♥♦t ✜♥❞ ❢❛♠❡ ✐♥ ❛ss❡♠❜❧✐❡s ✖
❞❡s✐r✐♥❣ ❝♦✇s✱ ❞❡s✐r✐♥❣ ❤♦rs❡s✱ ✐♥✇❛r❞❧② ❡①❝✐t❡❞ ♦♥❡s✱ ❬❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥❪
Indra ❢♦r ❛ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s❤✐♣✱
♣r❛❝t✐s✐♥❣✲r✉s❤❡s✲♦❢✲✈✐❣♦✉r ♦♥❡s ❬❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥❪
❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ✐s ✐♠♣r❡❣♥❛t✐♥❣✳
✶
✹✳ ■♥ t❤❡ ♣r❡s❡♥❝❡ ♦❢ ♦♥❡ ♦❢ ❣✉✐❞✐♥❣ s♣✐r✐ts ✖ Namuci✱
②♦✉ t✇♦✱ ❖ Aśvin✲s✱ ❞r✐♥❦✐♥❣ ✉♣ t❤❡ ✐♥t♦①✐❝❛t✐♥❣ ❜r❡✇ ✱
✷
❢❛✈♦✉r❡❞ Indra ✐♥ ❬❤✐s❪ ❛❝t✐♦♥s✱
❖ t✇♦ ♠❛st❡rs ♦❢ r❡✐♥❢♦r❝❡♠❡♥t✦
✺✳ ❆s t✇♦ ♣❛r❡♥ts ❬❤❡❧♣❪ ❛ s♦♥✱ ❜♦t❤ Aśvin✲s ❤❡❧♣❡❞ ❬t❤❡❡❪✱ ❖ Indra✱
✇✐t❤ ❬t❤❡✐r❪ ♣♦❡t✐❝ ✐♥s♣✐r❛t✐♦♥ ❬❛♥❞❪ ✇♦♥❞❡r❢✉❧ ♣♦✇❡rs ✖
✇❤❡♥ t❤♦✉ ❞r❛♥❦ t❤❡ ✐♥t♦①✐❝❛t✐♥❣ ❜r❡✇❀
❜② ✉s✐♥❣ ❬❤❡r❪ ❡♥❛❜❧✐♥❣ ♣♦✇❡rs Sarasvatı̄ ❤❡❛❧❡❞ t❤❡❡✱
❖ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡✦
✖✖
✻✳ ▲❡t Indra ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❛ ❣♦♦❞ ♣r♦t❡❝t♦r✱ ❛ ❣♦♦❞ ❤❡❧♣❡r
❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❬❤✐s❪ ❢❛✈♦✉rs✱
❛ ✈❡r② ❝♦♠♣❛ss✐♦♥❛t❡ ♦♥❡
✇❤♦s❡ ❦♥♦✇❧❡❞❣❡ ✐s ❡♠❜r❛❝✐♥❣ ❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣✦
▲❡t ❤❡ r❡♣❡❧ ❤♦st✐❧✐t②✱ ❧❡t ❤❡ ❡✛❡❝t ❢❡❛r❧❡ss♥❡ss
❬s♦ t❤❛t❪ ✇❡ ❝♦✉❧❞ ❜❡ ♠❛st❡rs ♦❢ t❤❡ ♠❛♥❧② ✈✐❣♦✉r✦
✼✳ ▼❛② ✇❡ ❜❡ ✐♥ ❣♦♦❞ ❣r❛❝❡s ♦❢ ❤✐♠ ❬✇❤♦ ✐s❪ ✇♦rt❤② ♦❢ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡
❛♥❞ ❛❧s♦ ✐♥ ❛✉s♣✐❝✐♦✉s ❝❤❡❡r❢✉❧♥❡ss✦
▲❡t Indra ✖ s✉❝❤ ❣♦♦❞ ♣r♦t❡❝t♦r✱ ❣♦♦❞ ❤❡❧♣❡r ❢♦r ✉s ✖
❡✈❡♥ ❢r♦♠ ❛❢❛r ❞r✐✈❡ ❛✇❛② ❬❛♥②❪ ❤♦st✐❧✐t②✳
✸

✶ ❧✐♥❡s ❝❞ ❛r❡ t❤❡ s❛♠❡ ❛s ✹✳✶✼✳✶✻❛❜

✷ ♣r♦❜✳ ❝♦♥t❛✐♥✐♥❣ ❛❧❝♦❤♦❧
✸ ❧❛st t✇♦ st❛♥③❛s ❛r❡ t❤❡ s❛♠❡ ❛s ✻✳✹✼✳✶✷✲✶✸
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✵✳✶✸✸

Sudās Paijavana | ✶✕✸ Śakvarı̄✱ ✹✕✻ Mahāpaṅkti✱ ✼ Tris..tubh | t♦

Indra

pró .svasmai purorathámı́ndrāya śūs.ámarcata |

abh´ı̄ke cidu lokakŕ.tsam. gé samátsu vr.trahā´smā´kam
. bodhi coditā´
nábhantāmanyakés.ām ´
. jyākā ádhi dhánvasu || 1 ||

. rávāsr.jo dharā´co áhannáhim |

′
tvám
. sı́ndhūm̃
aśatrúrindra jajñis.e vı́śvam . pus.yasi vā´ryam
. tám. tvā pári .svajāmahe
nábhantāmanyakés.ām . jyāk ´
ā ádhi dhánvasu || 2 ||

vı́ .sú vı́śvā árātayo ′ryó naśanta no dhı́yah. |

ástāsi śátrave vadhám . yó na indra jı́ghām . sati yā´ te rātı́rdadı́rvásu
nábhantāmanyakés.ām . jyāk ´
ā ádhi dhánvasu || 3 ||
 ✶✷✾✾

✶✳ ❚♦ t❤✐s ♦♥❡ ②❡ s❤❛❧❧ ✇❡❧❧ ♣r❛✐s❡ ✐♥ ❛ ✈❡rs❡✱ t♦ Indra✱

❤✐❣❤✲s♣✐r✐t❡❞ ♦♥❡ ✇❤♦s❡ ❝❤❛r✐♦t ✐s ✐♥ ❢r♦♥t✳
✶
❈r❡❛t✐♥❣ ✇✐❞❡ ❬♠❡♥t❛❧❪ s♣❛❝❡ ❡✈❡♥ ✐♥ ❢❛❝❡✲t♦✲❢❛❝❡ ❡♥❝♦✉♥t❡r✱
Vr.tra✲s❧❛②❡r ✐♥ ❛ ❝♦♥✢✐❝t✱ ✐♥ ❝❧❛s❤❡s✱
❞♦ t❤♦✉ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ♦✉r ✐♥❝✐t❡r✦
▼❛② ♦t❤❡rs t❡❛r t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s ✖
❬❛s❪ ❜♦✇str✐♥❣ ♦♥ ❜♦✇s✦
✷✳ ❚❤♦✉ s❡♥❞ r✐✈❡rs ♦✛ ❬t♦ ❜❡❪ t❡♥❞✐♥❣ ❞♦✇♥✇❛r❞s✱
t❤♦✉ s❧❛②❡❞ t❤❡ s♥❛❦❡✳
❖ Indra✱ t❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❡❞ t❤②s❡❧❢ ❬❛s ❜❡✐♥❣❪ ✇✐t❤♦✉t ❛ r✐✈❛❧✳
❚❤♦✉ ❢♦st❡r ❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣ t♦✲❜❡✲❝❤♦s❡♥ ✖
s✉❝❤ t❤❡❡ ✇❡ ❡♠❜r❛❝❡✳
▼❛② ♦t❤❡rs t❡❛r t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s ✖
❬❛s❪ ❜♦✇str✐♥❣ ♦♥ ❜♦✇s✦
✸✳ ❆❧❧ ❤♦❧❞✐♥❣ ❬✉s❪ ❜❛❝❦ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ t❡♥❞✐♥❣ ✉♣✇❛r❞s ♦♥❡
✈✐s✐♦♥s s❤❛❧❧ ❝♦♠❡ t♦ ♥♦t❤✐♥❣✳
❚❤♦✉ ✇✐❧❧ s❤♦♦t ❞❡❛❞❧② ✇❡❛♣♦♥ ❛t t❤❡ ❡♥❡♠②
✇❤♦ s❡❡❦ t♦ ❤✉rt ✉s✱ ❖ Indra✦
❚❤❡ ❣✐❢t ✇❤✐❝❤ ✐s t❤② ✐s t❤❡ ❜❡st♦✇✐♥❣ ♦❢ t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡✳
▼❛② ♦t❤❡rs t❡❛r t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s ✖
❬❛s❪ ❜♦✇str✐♥❣ ♦♥ ❜♦✇s✦

✶ ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡r
✶✸✵✵

yó na indrābhı́to jáno vr.kāyúrādı́deśati |

adhaspadám. támı̄m . kr.dhi vibādhó asi sāsahı́r
nábhantāmanyakés.ām . jyākā´ ádhi dhánvasu || 4 ||

yó na indrābhidā´sati sánābhiryáśca nı́s..tyah. |

. tira mah´ı̄va dyaurádha
áva tásya bálam ´ tmánā
nábhantāmanyakés.ām . jyākā´ ádhi dhánvasu || 5 ||

vayámindra tvāyávah. sakhitvámā´ rabhāmahe |

r.tásya nah. pathā´ nayā´ti vı́śvāni duritā´
nábhantāmanyakés.ām. jyākā´ ádhi dhánvasu || 6 ||

asmábhyam . sú tvámindra tā´m

. śiks.a
yā´ dóhate práti váram
. jaritré |
áchidrodhnı̄ pı̄páyadyáthā nah.
sahásradhārā páyasā mah´ı̄ gauh
´ . || 7 ||
 ✶✸✵✶

✹✳ ❲❤✐❝❤ r❛♣❛❝✐♦✉s ♣❡rs♦♥

✇♦✉❧❞ s❡t ❡✈❡r②✇❤❡r❡ ❤✐s ❛✐♠ ♦♥ ✉s✱ ❖ Indra✱
t❤❛t ♦♥❡ ♠❛❦❡ ✉♥❞❡r t❤❡ ❢❡❡t✦
❍❛✈✐♥❣ ✇❛②s t♦ ♣r❡✈❛✐❧✱ t❤♦✉ ❛r❡ ✇❤♦ s❝❛r❡s ❛✇❛② ❬s✉❝❤ ♠❡♥❪✳
▼❛② ♦t❤❡rs t❡❛r t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s ✖
❬❛s❪ ❜♦✇str✐♥❣ ♦♥ ❜♦✇s✦
✺✳ ❲❤♦✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❝♦♥s✐❞❡rs ❛♥❞ tr❡❛ts ✉s ❛s ❛♥ ❡♥❡♠②✱
✇❤♦✱ t❤♦✉❣❤ ❦✐♥❞r❡❞✱ ❬✐s❪ ❛♥ ♦✉ts✐❞❡r✱
❞♦ t❤♦✉ ❞❡❣r❛❞❡ ❤✐s ❬♣❤②s✐❝❛❧❪ str❡♥❣t❤ ✖
t❤❡♥ ✐♥❞❡❡❞ ❬❜❡❝♦♠❡❪ ❛s ♣♦ss❡ss❡s t❤❡ ♠✐❣❤t ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ✦
✷
▼❛② ♦t❤❡rs t❡❛r t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s ✖
❬❛s❪ ❜♦✇str✐♥❣ ♦♥ ❜♦✇s✦
✻✳ ❲❡✱ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Indra✱
❝❧✐♥❣ t♦ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s❤✐♣ ❬✇✐t❤ t❤❡❡❪✳
▲❡❛❞ ✉s ❜② t❤❡ ♣❛t❤ ♦❢ rta
❜❡②♦♥❞ ❛❧❧ ❞✐✣❝✉❧t✐❡s✦ .
▼❛② ♦t❤❡rs t❡❛r t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s ✖
❬❛s❪ ❜♦✇str✐♥❣ ♦♥ ❜♦✇s✦
✼✳ ❋♦r ♦✉r s❛❦❡✱ ❞♦ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ ✇✐s❤ t♦ ❤❡❧♣ t❤❛t ❬❝♦✇❪
✇❤✐❝❤ ✇✐❧❧ ②✐❡❧❞ ♠✐❧❦ t♦ t❤❡ ♣r❛✐s❡r ❛❝❝♦r❞✐♥❣ t♦ ❬♦✉r❪ ✇✐s❤✱
s♦ t❤❛t s❤❡✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ✢❛✇❧❡ss ✉❞❞❡r✱ ✇♦✉❧❞ s✇❡❧❧ ❢♦r ✉s
✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ✈✐t❛❧ s♣✐r✐t
❬s❤❡✱❪ ❣r❡❛t ❤❛✈✐♥❣✲t❤♦✉s❛♥❞✲str❡❛♠s ❝♦✇✳

✷ t❤❛t ✐s✱ t❤r♦✇✐♥❣ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧ts

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✵✳✶✸✹

✶✕✻❛ Māndhātar Yauvanaśva✱ ✻❜✲✼ Godhā | ✶✕✻ Mahāpaṅkti✱ ✼

Paṅkti | t♦ Indra

ubhé yádindra ródası̄ āpaprā´thos.ā´ iva |

mahā´ntam . tvā mah´ı̄nām
. samrā´jam . cars.an.ı̄nā´m
.
dev´ı̄ jánitryajı̄janadbhadrā´ jánitryajı̄janat || 1 ||

áva sma durhan.āyató mártasya tanuhi sthirám |

adhaspadám . támı̄m. kr.dhi yó asmā´m̃
. ādı́deśati
dev´ı̄ jánitryajı̄janadbhadrā´ jánitryajı̄janat || 2 ||

áva tyā´ br.hat´ı̄rı́s.o viśváścandrā amitrahan |

śácı̄bhih. śakra dhūnuh´ı̄ndra vı́śvābhirūtı́bhir
dev´ı̄ jánitryajı̄janadbhadrā´ jánitryajı̄janat || 3 ||

áva yáttvám. śatakratavı́ndra vı́śvāni dhūnus.é |

rayı́m. ná sunvaté sácā sahasrı́n.ı̄bhirūtı́bhir
dev´ı̄ jánitryajı̄janadbhadrā´ jánitryajı̄janat || 4 ||

áva svédā ivābhı́to vı́s.vakpatantu didyávah. |

dū´rvāyā iva tántavo vyàsmádetu durmatı́r
dev´ı̄ jánitryajı̄janadbhadrā´ jánitryajı̄janat || 5 ||

dı̄rghám . hyaṅkuśám . bı́bhars.i mantumah. |

. yathā śáktim
pū´rven.a maghavanpadā´jó vayā´m . yáthā yamo
dev´ı̄ jánitryajı̄janadbhadrā´ jánitryajı̄janat || 6 ||
 ✶✸✵✸

✶✳ ❲❤❡♥ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱

❤❛✈❡ ✜❧❧❡❞ ❜♦t❤ Rodas✲❡s ❧✐❦❡ ❉❛✇♥ ❬❞♦❡s❪✱
❬✐t ♠❡❛♥s t❤❛t❪ t❤❡ ❣❡♥✐tr✐① devı̄ ❤❛s ♣r♦❞✉❝❡❞ ❬t❤❡❡❪✱
❬t❤❡❡✱❪ ♠✐❣❤t② ❥♦✐♥t r✉❧❡r ♦❢ t❤♦s❡ ♠✐❣❤t② ♦♥❡s
t❤❛t ❞r❛✇ t♦ t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s✶ ✱
t❤❡ ❛✉s♣✐❝✐♦✉s ❣❡♥✐tr✐① ❤❛s ♣r♦❞✉❝❡❞ ❬t❤❡❡❪✳
✷✳ ▲♦♦s❡♥ t❤❡ r❡s♦❧✈❡
♦❢ ❝♦♥t❡♠♣❧❛t✐♥❣✲❤❛r♠ ♠♦rt❛❧✦
▼❛❦❡ ✉♥❞❡r t❤❡ ❢❡❡t ❤✐♠
✇❤♦ ✇♦✉❧❞ s❡t ❤✐s ❛✐♠ ♦♥ ✉s✦
❬❚❤❡❡❪ t❤❡ ❣❡♥✐tr✐① devı̄ ❤❛s ♣r♦❞✉❝❡❞✱
❬t❤❡❡❪ ❛✉s♣✐❝✐♦✉s ❣❡♥✐tr✐① ❤❛s ♣r♦❞✉❝❡❞✳
✸✳ ❇② ✉s✐♥❣ ❬t❤②❪ ❡♥❛❜❧✐♥❣ ♣♦✇❡rs✱ ❖ ❡♠♣♦✇❡r✐♥❣ ♦♥❡✱
✇✐t❤ ❛❧❧ ❬t❤②❪ s✐❞❡✲❡✛❡❝ts✱ ❖ Indra✱
s❤❛❦❡ ❞♦✇♥ ❬❛s ❛ ❢r✉✐t ❢r♦♠ ❛ tr❡❡❪
t❤♦s❡ ♣♦t❡♥t r❛❞✐❛t✐♥❣✲t❤r♦✉❣❤✲❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣ ❧✐❜❛t✐♦♥s✱
❖ s❧❛②❡r ♦❢ ❤♦st✐❧❡s✦
❬❚❤❡❡❪ t❤❡ ❣❡♥✐tr✐① devı̄ ❤❛s ♣r♦❞✉❝❡❞✱
❬t❤❡❡❪ ❛✉s♣✐❝✐♦✉s ❣❡♥✐tr✐① ❤❛s ♣r♦❞✉❝❡❞✳
✹✳ ❲❤❡♥ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ✇✐❧❡s Indra✱
s❤❛❦❡ ❞♦✇♥ ❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣
❛s ❛ tr❡❛s✉r❡ t♦ ♣r❡ss✐♥❣ ❬Soma ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡r❪
t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞❢♦❧❞ s✐❞❡✲❡✛❡❝ts✱ ❬✐t ♠❡❛♥s t❤❛t❪
❬t❤❡❡❪ t❤❡ ❣❡♥✐tr✐① devı̄ ❤❛s ♣r♦❞✉❝❡❞✱
❬t❤❡❡❪ ❛✉s♣✐❝✐♦✉s ❣❡♥✐tr✐① ❤❛s ♣r♦❞✉❝❡❞✳
✺✳ ❊✈❡r②✇❤❡r❡✱ ❧✐❦❡ ❞r♦♣s ♦❢ s✇❡❛t✱ ♦♥ ❜♦t❤ s✐❞❡s✱
♠❛② ❧✐❣❤t♥✐♥❣❬✲❧✐❦❡ ♠✐ss✐❧❡s❪ ❢❛❧❧ ❞♦✇♥
❧✐❦❡ ❜❧❛❞❡s ♦❢ dūrvā ❣r❛ss✦
▼❛② t❤❡ ♥♦①✐♦✉s ♠♦♦❞ ❞❡♣❛rt ❢r♦♠ ✉s✦
❬❚❤❡❡❪ t❤❡ ❣❡♥✐tr✐① devı̄ ❤❛s ♣r♦❞✉❝❡❞✱
❬t❤❡❡❪ ❛✉s♣✐❝✐♦✉s ❣❡♥✐tr✐① ❤❛s ♣r♦❞✉❝❡❞✳
✻✳ ❙✐♥❝❡ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ r✐❝❤ ✐♥ ❝♦✉♥s❡❧ ♦♥❡✱
❝❛rr② ❬t❤✐s❪ ❡♥❡r❣② ❧✐❦❡ ❛ ❧♦♥❣ ❤♦♦❦✱
t❤♦✉✱ ❖ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡✱ s❤❛❧❧ ❝♦♥tr♦❧ ❬✐t❪
❧✐❦❡ ❣♦❛t ❬❝♦♥tr♦❧s❪ ❛ ❬❜✉s❤✲❪❜r❛♥❝❤ ✇✐t❤ ❛ ❢♦r❡❢♦♦t✳
❬❚❤❡❡❪ t❤❡ ❣❡♥✐tr✐① devı̄ ❤❛s ♣r♦❞✉❝❡❞✱
❬t❤❡❡❪ ❛✉s♣✐❝✐♦✉s ❣❡♥✐tr✐① ❤❛s ♣r♦❞✉❝❡❞✳

✶ t❤❡ s❡♥s❡s
✶✸✵✹

nákirdevā minı̄masi nákirā´ yopayāmasi mantraśrútyam . carāmasi |

paks.ébhirapikaks.ébhirátrābhı́ sám
. rabhāmahe || 7 ||
 ✶✸✵✺

✼✳ ❖ deva✲s✱ ✇❡ ♥❡✈❡r ❞✐♠✐♥✐s❤ ❬✐t❪✱ ✇❡ ♥❡✈❡r ♠❛❦❡ ✐t ❝♦♥❝❡❛❧❡❞❀

❤❡❛r✐♥❣ t❤❡ mantra✱ ✇❡ ❝♦♥❞✉❝t ♦✉rs❡❧✈❡s✳
❚♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ✏✇✐♥❣s✑
✷ ❬❛♥❞❪ ✇✐t❤ ✏s❤♦✉❧❞❡rs✑ ✸ ✱
✐♥ t❤✐s ♠❛tt❡r ✇❡ ❝❧✐♥❣ t♦ ❬t❤✐s ❡♥❡r❣②❪✳

✷ ✢❛♥❦✐♥❣ ❝♦r❡ tr♦♦♣s

✸ ❝♦r❡ tr♦♦♣s
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✵✳✶✸✽

Aṅga ❆✉r❛✈❛ | Jagatı̄ | t♦ Indra

táva tyá indra sakhyés.u váhnaya

. manvānā´ vyadardirurvalám |
r.tám
yátrā daśasyánnus.áso rin.ánnapáh.
kútsāya mánmannahyàśca dam . sáyah. || 1 ||

ávāsr.jah. prasvàh. śvañcáyo gir´ı̄n

údāja usrā´ ápibo mádhu priyám |
ávardhayo vanı́no asya dám . sasā
śuśóca sū´rya .rtájātayā girā´ || 2 ||

vı́ sū´ryo mádhye amucadrátham . divó

vidáddāsā´ya pratimā´namā´ryah. |
dr...dhā´ni pı́prorásurasya māyı́na
ı́ndro vyā`syaccakr.vā´m̃
. .rjı́śvanā || 3 ||

ánādhr..s.tāni dhr..sitó vyāsyan

nidh´ı̄m̃
. rádevām̃ . amr.n.adayā´syah. |
māséva sū´ryo vásu púryamā´ dade
. raśr.n.ādvirúkmatā || 4 ||
gr.n.ānáh. śátrūm̃

áyuddhaseno vibhvā` vibhindatā´

dā´śadvr.trahā´ tújyāni tejate |
ı́ndrasya vájrādabibhedabhiśnáthah.
prā´krāmachundhyū´rájahādus.ā´ ánah. || 5 ||

etā´ tyā´ te śrútyāni kévalā

yádéka ékamákr.n.orayajñám |
māsā´m. vidhā´namadadhā ádhi dyávi
tváyā vı́bhinnam . pitā´ || 6 ||
. bharati pradhı́m
 ✶✸✵✼

✶✳ ■♥ ❢❡❧❧♦✇s❤✐♣s ✇✐t❤ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Indra✱ t❤❡s❡ ❜❡❛r❡rs ♦❢ ♦❜❧❛t✐♦♥s✱

s❡tt✐♥❣ ♠✐♥❞ ♦♥ .rta✱ ❞✐❞ s♣❧✐t ♦♣❡♥ t❤❡ ❝❛✈❡r♥✱
✇❤❡r❡✐♥ t❤♦✉✱ r❡♥❞❡r✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡♠❪ s❡r✈✐❝❡✱
r❡❧❡❛s✐♥❣ ✇❛t❡rs ♦❢ t❤❡ ❉❛✇♥✱
s❤❛❧❧ ❛❧s♦ ❞❡str♦② ❢♦r ❛ Kutsa s♥❛❦❡s ✐♥ ❬❤✐s❪ ♠❛♥✐❝ t❤♦✉❣❤t✳
✷✳ ❚❤♦✉ s❡♥❞ ♦✛ ❢❡❝✉♥❞ ❬✇❛t❡rs❪
❬s♦ t❤❛t❪ t❤♦✉ ✇♦✉❧❞ ♠❛❦❡ ✏♠♦✉♥t❛✐♥s✑ r❡❝❡✐✈❡ ❬t❤❡❡❪❀
t❤♦✉ ❞r♦✈❡ ♦✉t ❛♣♣❡❛r✐♥❣ ❛t ❞❛✇♥ ❬✇❛t❡rs❪✱
t❤♦✉ ❞r❛♥❦ ❬t❤②❪ ❢❛✈♦r✐t❡ ❤♦♥❡②✳
❚❤♦✉ ♠❛❞❡ t❤♦s❡✱ ✇❤♦ ❞❡s✐r❡✱ str♦♥❣❡r
❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ t❤❡ ♠❛r✈❡❧♦✉s ♣♦✇❡r ♦❢ t❤✐s ♦♥❡ ✳
✶
❲✐t❤ t❤❡ ❤❡❧♣ ♦❢ ❜♦r♥✲♦❢✲.rta ❝❤❛♥t t❤❡ s✉♥ ❤❛s ❜❡❝♦♠❡ s❤✐♥✐♥❣✳
✸✳ ❚❤❡ s✉♥
✷ ✉♥❤❛r♥❡ss❡❞ t❤❡ ❝❤❛r✐♦t ✐♥ t❤❡ ♠✐❞❞❧❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥✳
❈♦♥❞✉❝t✐♥❣ ❬❤✐♠❪ ✉♣✇❛r❞s ❬✇♦rs❤✐♣❡r❪
s❤❛❧❧ ✜♥❞ ❛ ❛ ✇❡❧❧✲♠❛t❝❤❡❞ ♦♣♣♦♥❡♥t t♦ t❤❡ ❞❡♠♦♥ ✖
❍❛✈✐♥❣ ❛❝t❡❞ t❤r♦✉❣❤ R
. jiśvan✱ Indra ❞✐s♣❡rs❡❞
str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞s ♦❢ Pipru✱ ♦❢ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r
t♦ ❢r❛♠❡ ❬✐❞❡❛s ❛♥❞ ♣❡r❝❡♣t✐♦♥❪ ❣✉✐❞✐♥❣ s♣✐r✐t✳
✹✳ ❍❡✱ ❝❤❛❧❧❡♥❣❡❞✱ ❞✐s♣❡rs❡❞ ❬②❡t❪ ✉♥❝❤❛❧❧❡♥❣❡❞ ❬str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞s❪✱
t❤❡ ❞❡①t❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡ ❝r✉s❤❡❞ ❧❛❝❦✐♥❣ deva✲s r❡❝❡♣t❛❝❧❡s✳
❆s t❤❡ s✉♥ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ♠♦♦♥✱
❤❡ t♦♦❦ s✐t✉❛t❡❞ ✐♥ ❛ str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞ tr❡❛s✉r❡❀
❡①t♦❧❧❡❞✱ ❤❡ ❝r✉s❤❡❞ ❡♥❡♠✐❡s ✇✐t❤ s❤✐♥✐♥❣ ❬t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t❪✳
✺✳ ❍❡✱ ✇❤♦s❡ ✇❡❛♣♦♥s ❛r❡ ✐rr❡s✐st✐❜❧❡✱ s❤❛❧❧ r❡♥❞❡r s❡r✈✐❝❡
✇✐t❤ ❜r❡❛❦✐♥❣✲✐♥t♦✲♣✐❡❝❡s ♣❡♥❡tr❛t✐♥❣ ❬t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t❪✳
Vr.tra✲s❧❛②❡r s❤❛r♣❡♥❡❞ t♦✲❜❡✲❢♦❝✉s❡❞ ❬✈✐t❛❧ ❛✐rs❪❀
s❤❡ ✇❛s ❛❢r❛✐❞ ♦❢ Indra✬s ♣✐❡r❝✐♥❣ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t❀
✸
❤❡ ✱ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ t♦ ❜❡ ❢r❡❡ ♦❢ ❞♦✉❜ts✱ str♦❞❡ ❢♦r✇❛r❞s❀
❉❛✇♥ ❛❜❛♥❞♦♥❡❞ ❬❤❡r❪ ❝❛rt✳
✻✳ ❚❤❡s❡ ❬❛r❡❪ t❤② ❢❛♠♦✉s✱ ♥♦t ❝♦♥♥❡❝t❡❞ ✇✐t❤ ❛♥②t❤✐♥❣ ❡❧s❡ ❬❞❡❡❞s❪
❬♣❡r❢♦r♠❡❞❪ ✇❤❡♥ t❤♦✉✱ ❜❡✐♥❣ ❛❧♦♥❡✱ ♠❛❞❡ ❤✐♠✱
✇❤♦ ❧❛❝❦s ✜r❡ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣s✱ ❬t♦ ❜❡❪ ❛❧♦♥❡✳
❚❤♦✉ ♣❧❛❝❡❞ ❛❜♦✈❡✱ ✐♥ t❤❡ s❦②✱ t❤❡ ♦r❞❡r ♦❢ ♠♦♥t❤s✱
t❤❡ ❢❛t❤❡r
✹ ✇❡❛rs ❜r♦❦❡♥✲❜②✲t❤❡❡✲✐♥t♦✲t✇♦ ♦r❜✺ ✳

✶ ♣r♦❜✳ manipūra ❝❛❦r❛

.
✷ ♣r♦❜✳ manipūra ❝❛❦r❛
.
✸ Indra ♦r✱ ♠❛② ❜❡✱ Visnu
..
✹ Rudra
✺ ♣r♦❜✳ r❡❢❡rs t♦ t❤❡ ②♦✉♥❣ ♠♦♦♥ ✇❤✐❝❤ s❤♦✇s ❜♦t❤ t❤❡ ✈❛st ❞❛r❦ s❤❛❞♦✇

❛♥❞ ❜r✐❣❤t ❛♥❞ ❣r♦✇✐♥❣ s❡❣♠❡♥t ♦❢ ❧✐❣❤t

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✵✳✶✹✹

Suparn.a Tārks.yaputra | ✈❛r✐♦✉s | t♦ Indra

ayám . hı́ te ámartya ı́ndurátyo ná pátyate |

dáks.o viśvā´yurvedháse || 1 ||

ayámasmā´su kā´vya .rbhúrvájro dā´svate |

ayám
. bibhartyūrdhvákr.śanam . mádam
r.bhúrná kŕ.tvyam
. mádam || 2 ||

ghŕ..suh. śyenā´ya kŕ.tvana āsú svā´su vám

. sagah. |
áva dı̄dhedahı̄śúvah. || 3 ||

yám. suparn.áh. parāvátah. śyenásya putrá ā´bharat |

′
. yò hyò vartanı́h. || 4 ||
śatácakram

yám. te śyenáścā´rumavr.kám . padā´bharadarun.ám . mānámándhasah. |

enā´ váyo vı́ tāryā´yurjı̄vása enā´ jāgāra bandhútā || 5 ||

evā´ tádı́ndra ı́ndunā devés.u ciddhārayāte máhi tyájah. |

krátvā váyo vı́ tāryā´yuh. sukrato krátvāyámasmádā´ sutáh. || 6 ||
 ✶✸✵✾

✶✳ ❙✐♥❝❡ t❤✐s ✐♠♣❡r✐s❤❛❜❧❡ Indu ✶

❧✐❦❡ t❤❡ ❝♦✉rs❡r ✐s ✜t ❢♦r t❤❡❡✱
✷
t❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ ❡♥❡r❣✐③❡ ❛❧❧✲♣❡r✈❛❞✐♥❣ ❧✐❢❡✲❢♦r❝❡ ❢♦r ❛♥ ❛❞❡♣t✳
✷✳ ❚❤✐s ♦♥❡ ✐♥ ✉s ❬❡✛❡❝ts❪ ♣♦❡tr②✱
❬t❤✐s ♦♥❡ ❡✛❡❝ts❪ s❦✐❧❧❢✉❧ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t ❢♦r ❤✐♠
✇❤♦ ✐s ❞✐s♣♦s❡❞ t♦ ❣✐✈❡✳
❚❤✐s ♦♥❡ ❜r✐♥❣s ❡①❝✐t❡♠❡♥t ♦❢ ✇❤✐❝❤
t❤❡ ❜❡❛t✐♥❣ ♦❢ t❤❡ ♣✉❧s❡ ✐s ✐♥ t❤❡ ✉♣♣❡r r❡❣✐♦♥s
❛s t❤❡ s❦✐❧❧❢✉❧ ♦♥❡ ❬❜r✐♥❣s❪ ❡✣❝❛❝✐♦✉s ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t✐♦♥✳
✸✳ ❆❣✐❧❡✱ ❬❧✐❦❡❪ ❛♥ ♦① ❛♠♦♥❣ t❤❡s❡ ❤✐s ♦✇♥ ❬❝♦✇s❪✱
s✇❡❧❧❡❞ ❧✐❦❡ ❛ s♥❛❦❡❬✬s ❤♦♦❞❪✱
❤❡ ❞✐❞ ❧✐❡ ✐♥ ✇❛✐t ❢♦r ❛♥ ❛❝t✐✈❡ ❤❛✇❦✳
✹✳ ❲❤♦♠ ❤❛✈✐♥❣✲❜❡❛✉t✐❢✉❧✲✇✐♥❣s
②♦✉♥❣ ❤❛✇❦ ❜r♦✉❣❤t ❤❡r❡ ❢r♦♠ ❛❢❛r✱
❤✐♠✱ ❬❛s ✐❢❪ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ✇❤❡❡❧s✱
✇❤♦ ✐s ❬❧✐❦❡❪ ❛ tr❛❝❦ ❢♦r t❤❡ s♥❛❦❡✱
✺✳ ✇❤♦ ✐s ♣❧❡❛s❛♥t✱ ♥♦♥✲t❡❛r✐♥❣✱ ✇❤♦♠ t❤❡ ❤❛✇❦ ❜r♦✉❣❤t ❤❡r❡
❢♦r t❤❡❡ ❬❣r❛s♣✐♥❣ ❤✐♠❪ ✇✐t❤ ❛ ❢♦♦t✱
✇❤♦ ✐s ❣✐✈✐♥❣✲❛✲❝❤❛♥❝❡✲t♦✲♠♦✈❡✲✉♣✇❛r❞s ❞❡❝♦❝t✐♦♥
❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ❤❡r❜✱
❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ✇❤✐❝❤ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❛♥❞ ❜♦❞✐❧② ✈✐❣♦✉r ✐s tr❛♥s❢❡rr❡❞✱
❧✐❢❡✲❢♦r❝❡ ❬❢♦r ✉s❪ t♦ ❧✐✈❡✱
❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ✇❤✐❝❤ ❦✐♥s❢♦❧❦ r❡♠❛✐♥❡❞ ✇❛t❝❤❢✉❧✳
✻✳ ❙♦ s✐♥❝❡ Indra ✇♦✉❧❞ ♠❛✐♥t❛✐♥ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ❤❡❧♣ ♦❢ Indu t❤❛t ✖
t❤❡ ❣r❡❛t ❛❧✐❡♥❛t✐♦♥ ✖ ❡✈❡♥ ❛♠♦♥❣ deva✲s✱
t❤r♦✉❣❤ ❬❤✐s✱❪ ❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❣♦♦❞ ❞❡s✐❣♥s ♦♥❡✱ r❡s♦✉r❝❡❢✉❧♥❡ss
t❤❡ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❛♥❞ ❜♦❞✐❧② ✈✐❣♦✉r✱ t❤❡ ❧✐❢❡✲❢♦r❝❡ ✐s tr❛♥s❢❡rr❡❞✱
t❤r♦✉❣❤ ❬❤✐s❪ r❡s♦✉r❝❡❢✉❧♥❡ss t❤✐s ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❬Soma❪ ❬r❡♠♦✈❡s❪
❢r♦♠ ✉s ❬❣✉❛r❞✐♥❣ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡ ❛♥❞ ❛♥② ❛❧❧✲❝♦♥s✉♠✐♥❣ ❢❡❛r❪ ✳ ✸

✶ ✐♥♥❡r Soma
✷ Soma ❡①tr❛❝t
✸ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✾✳✶✵✹✳✻❛❜
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✵✳✶✹✼

Suvedas Śairı̄s.i | ✶✕✹ Jagatı̄✱ ✺ Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra

śrátte dadhāmi prathamā´ya manyávé ′han

yádvr.trám . náryam . vivérapáh. |
ubhé yáttvā bhávato ródası̄ ánu
réjate śús.mātpr.thiv´ı̄ cidadrivah. || 1 ||

tvám. māyā´bhiranavadya māyı́nam .

śravasyatā´ mánasā vr.trámardayah. |
tvā´mı́nnáro vr.n.ate gávis..tis.u
tvā´m
. vı́śvāsu hávyāsvı́s..tis.u || 2 ||

áıs.u cākandhi puruhūta sūrı́s.u

vr.dhā´so yé maghavannānaśúrmaghám |
árcanti toké tánaye páris..tis.u
medhásātā vājı́namáhraye dháne || 3 ||

sá ı́nnú rāyáh. súbhr.tasya cākanan

mádam . yó asya rám . hyam. cı́ketati |
tvā´vr.dho maghavandāśvàdhvaro
maks.ū´ sá vā´jam. bharate dhánā nŕ.bhih. || 4 ||

. śárdhāya mahinā´ gr.n.āná

tvám
urú kr.dhi maghavañchagdhı́ rāyáh. |
. no mitró várun.o ná māy´ı̄
tvám
pitvó ná dasma dayase vibhaktā´ || 5 ||
 ✶✸✶✶

✶✳ ■ ♣✉t tr✉st ✐♥t♦ t❤② ♣r✐♠❛❧ r❛❣❡✳

❲❤❡♥ t❤♦✉ s❧❛② ♠❛♥❧② Vr.tra
t❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡❝❛♠❡ ❝♦♥t❛✐♥❡❞ ✐♥ t❤❡ ✇❛t❡rs✳
❲❤❡♥ ❜♦t❤ Rodas✲❡s ❡①♣❡r✐❡♥❝❡ t❤❡❡✱
❡✈❡♥ t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤ tr❡♠❜❧❡s ❢r♦♠ ❬t❤②❪ ❢❡r✈♦r✳
✷✳ ❚❤♦✉✱ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ♣♦✇❡rs t♦ ❢r❛♠❡ ❬❝♦❣♥✐t✐♦♥❪✱ ❖ ✢❛✇❧❡ss ♦♥❡✱
✇✐t❤ ♠✐♥❞ ❡♠♣❧♦②✐♥❣ ❛✉❞✐t♦r② ✐♠♣r❡ss✐♦♥✱
s❤❛❧❧ ♠❛❦❡ ❛❣✐t❛t❡❞
❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❢r❛♠❡ ❬✐❞❡❛s ❛♥❞ ♣❡r❝❡♣t✐♦♥❪ Vr.tra✳
■♥ ❢♦r❛②s ❢♦r ❝♦✇s✱ ♠❡♥ ❝❤♦♦s❡ ♦♥❧② t❤❡❡✱
t❤❡❡ ✖ ✐♥ ❛❧❧ ❝❛❧❧❡❞✲❢♦r ❢♦r❛②s✳
✸✳ ❚❤♦✉✱ ❖ ♠✉❝❤ ✐♥✈♦❦❡❞ ♦♥❡✱ s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ ❜❡❡♥ s❛t✐s✜❡❞
✇✐t❤ t❤❡s❡ ✐♥st✐t✉t♦rs ♦❢ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡
✇❤♦✱ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡❡❪✱ ❖ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡✱
❤❛✈❡ ❛tt❛✐♥❡❞ t❤❡ ❣✐❢t✳
■♥ ♠❛tt❡rs ♦❢ ♣r♦♣❛❣❛t✐♥❣ ❢❛♠✐❧② ❝❤✐❧❞r❡♥✱ ✐♥ ❞✐str❡ss✱
❞✉r✐♥❣ ♦❜t❛✐♥✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♥♦✉r✐s❤✐♥❣ ❞r✐♥❦✱
✐♥ ❛ ♥♦✲❤♦❧❞✲❜❛rr❡❞ ❝♦♥t❡st✱ t❤❡② ❝♦♠♠❡♥❞
♣♦ss❡ss✐♥❣✲t❤❡✲r✉s❤✲♦❢✲✈✐❣♦✉r ❬t❤❡❡❪✳
✹✳ ■♥❞❡❡❞✱ ❥✉st ❤❡ s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ ❡♥❥♦②❡❞ ❛ ✇❡❧❧✲♠❛✐♥t❛✐♥❡❞ tr❡❛s✉r❡
✇❤♦ ❡❛❣❡r❧② ✜①❡❞ ❬❤✐s❪ ♠✐♥❞ ♦♥ ❤✐s ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t✐♦♥✳
✶
❬❲❤♦✱❪ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥✐♥❣ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡✱
♣✐♦✉s❧② ♣r♦❝❡❡❞s ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡✱
❤❡ ♣r♦♠♣t❧② ❜r✐♥❣s ❢♦r ❤✐♠s❡❧❢ t❤❡ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱
❬❛♥❞✱❪ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ♠❡♥ ✖ ♣r✐③❡s✳
✺✳ ❉♦ t❤♦✉✱ ❜❡✐♥❣ ❡①t♦❧❧❡❞✱ ✉s✐♥❣ ❬t❤②❪ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ✐♥❝r❡❛s❡ ✐♥ s✐③❡✱
❝r❡❛t❡ ❢♦r t❤❡ s✇❛r♠ ❛ ✇✐❞❡ ❬s♣❛❝❡❪✱ ❖ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡✱
❜❡ ❝❛♣❛❜❧❡ ❬t♦ ❜❡st♦✇❪ r✐❝❤❡s✦
❚❤♦✉ ❬❛r❡❪ ❛ ❜❡♥❡❢❛❝t♦r t♦ ✉s✱ ❧✐❦❡ Varun.a ❬t❤♦✉❪ ❤❛✈❡
✷
t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❢r❛♠❡ ❬✐❞❡❛s ❛♥❞ ♣❡r❝❡♣t✐♦♥❪✱
t❤♦✉✱ ❖ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❧✐s❤✐♥❣ ✇♦♥❞❡r❢✉❧ ❞❡❡❞s ♦♥❡✱ ❞❡❢❡♥❞ ❬✉s❪
❛s ❛ ❞✐str✐❜✉t♦r ♦❢ t❤❡ ❢♦♦❞ ❬❢❡❡❞s ✉s❪✳

✶ Indra✬s
✷ Mitra
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✵✳✶✹✽

Pr.thu Vainya | Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra

sus.vān.ā´sa indra stumási tvā

sasavā´m. saśca tuvinr.mn.a vā´jam |
ā´ no bhara suvitám . yásya cākán
tmánā tánā sanuyāma tvótāh. || 1 ||

.r.svástvámindra śūra jātó

dā´sı̄rvı́śah. sū´ryen.a sahyāh. |
gúhā hitám . gúhyam . gū..dhámapsú
bibhr.mási prasrávan.e ná sómam || 2 ||

aryó vā gı́ro abhyàrca vidvā´nŕ..sı̄n.ām

.
vı́prah. sumatı́m. cakānáh. |
té syāma yé ran.áyanta sómairenótá
túbhyam . ratho..dha bhaks.áıh. || 3 ||

imā´ bráhmendra túbhyam . śam. si

dā´ nŕ.bhyo nr.n.ā´m
. śūra śávah. |
tébhirbhava sákraturyés.u cākánnutá
trāyasva gr.n.atá utá st´ı̄n || 4 ||

śrudh´ı̄ hávamindra śūra pŕ.thyā

utá stavase venyásyārkáıh. |
ā´ yáste yónim
. ghr.távantamásvār
ūrmı́rná nı́mnaırdravayanta
´ vákvāh. || 5 ||
 ✶✸✶✸

✶✳ Pr❡ss✐♥❣ ❬Soma❪ ✇❡❧❧✱ ✇❡ ❡①t♦❧ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Indra✱

❛❧s♦✱ ❬✇❡ ❡①t♦❧ t❤❡❡❪ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ♦❜t❛✐♥❡❞ t❤❡ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱
❖ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ♠✉❝❤ ❝♦✉r❛❣❡ ♦♥❡✦
❇r✐♥❣ ❤❡r❡ ❢♦r ✉s ❛♥ ❡❛s② ♣❛ss❛❣❡ ❬❢♦r ❤✐♠❪
✇✐t❤ ✇❤♦♠ t❤♦✉ s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ ❜❡❡♥ s❛t✐s✜❡❞✱
s♦ t❤❛t ✇❡✱ ❤❡❧♣❡❞ ❜② t❤❡❡✱ ✇♦✉❧❞ ♦❜t❛✐♥ ❬t❤❡ ❡❛s② ♣❛ss❛❣❡❪
❢♦r ♦✉rs❡❧✈❡s ❛♥❞ ❬♦✉r❪ ♦✛s♣r✐♥❣s✳
✷✳ ❚❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ ✇❡r❡ ❜♦r♥ ❤❡❧♣✐♥❣✲✐♥✲❞✐r❡✲str❛✐❣❤ts✱
❖ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱
s♦ t❤❛t t❤♦✉ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ s✉♥
✇♦✉❧❞ ♣r❡✈❛✐❧ ♦✈❡r ❞❡♠♦♥✐❝ tr✐❜❡s✱
❬❛♥❞ ♦✈❡r❪ s✐t✉❛t❡❞ ✐♥ ❛ ❤✐❞✐♥❣ ♣❧❛❝❡ ❦❡♣t✲s❡❝r❡t
❝♦♥❝❡❛❧❡❞✲✐♥✲✇❛t❡rs ♦♥❡ ✳
✶
❲❡ ❜r✐♥❣ Soma ❛s ✐❢ ✐♥ ❛ ❣✉s❤✳
✸✳ ❍❛✈✐♥❣ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❛❝q✉❛✐♥t❡❞ ✇✐t❤ r✐s✐♥❣ ✉♣✇❛r❞s ♦♥❡ ✱
✷
✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ❝❤❛♥t✱
✐♥s♣✐r❡❞✱ str✐✈✐♥❣ ❛❢t❡r ❡✛❡❝t✐✈❡ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❣❡st✉r❡ ♦❢ s❡❡rs✱
❞♦ t❤♦✉
✸ ♣r❛✐s❡ ✐♥ s♦♥❣ ❬Indra❪✦
✏▼❛② ✇❡ ❜❡ t❤♦s❡ ✇❤♦ ✇✐❧❧ ❞❡❧✐❣❤t ❬t❤❡❡❪ ✇✐t❤ ❞r♦♣s ♦❢ Soma ✖
✇✐t❤ t❤✐s ♦♥❡ ❛♥❞ ✇✐t❤ ♣♦rt✐♦♥s ❢♦r t❤❡❡✱ ❖ ❝❛rr✐❡❞ ♦♥ ❛ ❝❤❛r✐♦t✦✑
✹✳ ❚❤❡s❡ ❬✈❡rs❡s❪ ❬❛♥❞❪ t❤❡ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛ ❛r❡ r❡❝✐t❡❞ ❢♦r t❤② s❛❦❡✱
❖ Indra✦
❚❤♦✉✱ ❖ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱ ✇✐❧❧ ❣✐✈❡ t♦ t❤❡ ♠❡♥ ♦❢ ♠❡♥
t❤❡ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡ t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✳
❇❡❝♦♠❡ ♦❢ ♦♥❡ ❛❝❝♦r❞ ✇✐t❤ t❤♦s❡
✇✐t❤ ✇❤♦♠ t❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ s❛t✐s✜❡❞✱
❛♥❞ ❞❡❢❡♥❞ ❬t❤♦s❡❪ ❡①t♦❧❧✐♥❣ ❬t❤❡❡❪ ❛♥❞ ❬t❤❡✐r❪ ❞❡♣❡♥❞❡♥ts✦
✺✳ ❍❡❛r t❤❡ ❝❛❧❧ ♦❢ Pr.thı̄✱ ❖ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡ Indra✱
❢♦r ❤❡ ♣r❛✐s❡s ✇✐t❤ ❤②♠♥s ♦❢ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ Venya
✇❤♦ ♠❛❞❡ t❤② r✐❝❤✲✐♥✲❣❤❡❡ ✇♦♠❜ r❡s♦✉♥❞✳
▲✐❦❡ ❛ ✇❛✈❡ ❬♦❢ ✇❛t❡r❪ t❤r♦✉❣❤ ❞❡♣r❡ss✐♦♥s✱
❜✉❜❜❧✐♥❣ ❬s♦✉♥❞s❪ s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡ s♣❡❡❞✐♥❣✳

✶ Vrtra
.
✷ ✐♥♥❡r Soma
✸ ✐♥✈♦❦❡r
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✵✳✶✺✷

Śāsa Bhāradvāja | Anus..tubh | t♦ Indra

śāsá itthā´ mahā´m̃

. asyamitrakhādó ádbhutah. |
ná yásya hanyáte sákhā ná j´ı̄yate kádā caná || 1 ||

svastidā´ viśáspátirvr.trahā´ vimr.dhó vaś´ı̄ |

vŕ..séndrah. purá etu nah. somapā´ abhayam . karáh. || 2 ||

vı́ ráks.o vı́ mŕ.dho jahi vı́ vr.trásya hánū ruja |

vı́ manyúmindra vr.trahannamı́trasyābhidā´satah. || 3 ||

vı́ na indra mŕ.dho jahi nı̄cā´ yacha pr.tanyatáh. |

yó asmā´m̃
. abhidā´satyádharam . gamayā támah. || 4 ||

ápendra dvis.ató mánó ′pa jı́jyāsato vadhám |

vı́ manyóh. śárma yacha várı̄yo yavayā vadhám || 5 ||
 ✶✸✶✺

✶✳ ❚❤♦✉ ❛r❡ r❡❛❧❧② ❛ ❣r❡❛t ❝♦♠♠❛♥❞❡r✱

♣r❡②✐♥❣✲✉♣♦♥✲❤♦st✐❧❡s ♠❛r✈❡❧♦✉s ♦♥❡✱
✇❤♦s❡ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥ ✐s ♥❡✐t❤❡r s❧❛②❡❞✱
♥♦r ❡✈❡r ♦✈❡r♣♦✇❡r❡❞✳
✷✳ ❇❡st♦✇✐♥❣✲✇❡❧❧✲❜❡✐♥❣ ♣r♦t❡❝t♦r ♦❢ t❤❡ tr✐❜❡✱
❡①❡rt✐♥❣ ❤✐s ✇✐❧❧ ♦✈❡r t❤❡ ❢♦❡ Vr.tra✲s❧❛②❡r ✖
❧❡t ❡✛❡❝t✐♥❣✲❢❡❛r❧❡ss♥❡ss Soma✲❞r✐♥❦❡r✱
❜✉❧❧ Indra✱ ❣♦ ✐♥ ❢r♦♥t ♦❢ ✉s✦
✸✳ ❙❤❛tt❡r ❞❡❢❡♥s✐✈❡♥❡ss✱ ❬s❤❛tt❡r❪ ✐♥❤✐❜✐t✐♦♥s✦
❚❡❛r ❛s✉♥❞❡r ❥❛✇s ♦❢ Vrtra✦
❬❉✐s♣❡rs❡❪ t❤❡ r❛❣❡✱ ❖ Vr. . tra✲s❧❛②❡r Indra✱
♦❢ ❬❛♥②♦♥❡❪ ❤♦st✐❧❡✱ ❝♦♥s✐❞❡r✐♥❣ ❛♥❞ tr❡❛t✐♥❣ ❬✉s❪ ❛s ❛♥ ❡♥❡♠②✦
✹✳ ❙❤❛tt❡r ♦✉r ✐♥❤✐❜✐t✐♦♥s✱ ❖ Indra✦
❍♦❧❞ ❞♦✇♥ t❤♦s❡ ✜❣❤t✐♥❣ ❬❛❣❛✐♥st ✉s❪✦
❍✐♠✱ ✇❤♦ ❝♦♥s✐❞❡rs ❛♥❞ tr❡❛ts ✉s ❛s ❛♥ ❡♥❡♠②✱
♠❛❦❡ s❡t ♦✉t t♦ t❡♥❞✐♥❣ ❞♦✇♥✇❛r❞s ❞❛r❦♥❡ss✦
✺✳ ❖ Indra✱ ❬❞✐s❥♦✐♥❪ t❤❡ ♠✐♥❞ ♦❢ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ✐s ❤❛t✐♥❣ ❬✉s❪✦
❬❘❡♣❡❧❪ ❞❡❛❞❧② ✇❡❛♣♦♥ ♦❢ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ s❡❡❦s t♦ ♦✈❡r♣♦✇❡r ❬✉s❪✦
❙tr❡t❝❤ ♦✉t ❛ s❤❡❧t❡r ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ❛♥❣❡r✦
❲❛r❞ t❤❡ ❞❡❛❞❧② ✇❡❛♣♦♥ ❢❛rt❤❡r ♦✛✦
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✵✳✶✺✸

Devajāmaya Indramātarah. | Gāyatrı̄ | t♦ Indra

ı̄ṅkháyantı̄rapasyúva ı́ndram . jātámúpāsate |

bhejānā´sah. suv´ı̄ryam || 1 ||

tvámindra bálādádhi sáhaso jātá ójasah. |

. vr..sanvŕ..sédasi || 2 ||
tvám

tvámindrāsi vr.trahā´ vyàntáriks.amatirah. |

úddyā´mastabhnā ójasā || 3 ||

tvámindra sajós.asamarkám . bibhars.i bāhvóh. |

. śı́śāna ójasā || 4 ||
vájram

tvámindrābhibhū´rasi vı́śvā jātā´nyójasā |

sá vı́śvā bhúva ā´bhavah. || 5 ||
 ✶✸✶✼

✶✳ ❙✇❛②✐♥❣ r❡st❧❡ss ❬str❡❛♠s❪ ✱✶

❤❛✈✐♥❣ ♣❛rt♦♦❦ ♦❢ t❤❡ ♠❛♥❧② ✈✐❣♦✉r✱
❛tt❡♥❞ t♦ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❡❞ Indra✳
✖✖
✷✳ ❚❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❬❛r❡❪ ❜♦r♥ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ♣r❡s❡♥❝❡
♦❢ ❢♦r❝❡✱ ♦❢ ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ str❡♥❣t❤✱ ♦❢ ❛ ❢r❡♥③②✳
❚❤♦✉✱ ❖ ❜✉❧❧✱ ❛r❡ t❤❡ ♦♥❧② ❜✉❧❧✦
✸✳ ❚❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❛r❡ Vr.tra✲s❧❛②❡r✱
t❤♦✉ tr❛✈❡rs❡❞ t❤❡ ✐♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ s♣❛❝❡✱
❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❬t❤②❪ ❢r❡♥③② t❤♦✉ ♣r♦♣♣❡❞ ✉♣ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥✳
✹✳ ❚❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❝❛rr② ✐♥ t✇♦ ❛r♠s
❛❝t✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❤❛r♠♦♥② ❬✇✐t❤ t❤❡ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t❪
✢❛s❤ ♦❢ ❧✐❣❤t♥✐♥❣✱
❬t❤♦✉ ❛r❡❪ ✈✐❣♦r♦✉s❧② s❤❛r♣❡♥✐♥❣ t❤❡ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✳
✺✳ ❚❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❛ ❢r❡♥③②
❛r❡ ♣r❡❞♦♠✐♥❛t✐♥❣ ❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❡❞✳
❋r♦♠ ❛r✐s✐♥❣ s✉❝❤✱ t❤♦✉ ❛ss✐st❡❞ ❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣✳

✶ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ ✾✳✺✻✳✷

❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✵✳✶✻✵

Purān.a Vaiśvāmitra | Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra

tı̄vrásyābhı́vayaso asyá pāhi

sarvarathā´ vı́ hárı̄ ihá muñca |
ı́ndra mā´ tvā yájamānāso anyé
nı́ rı̄ramantúbhyamimé sutā´sah. || 1 ||

túbhyam . sutā´stúbhyamu sótvāsas

tvā´m. . śvā´tryā ā´ hvayanti |
gı́rah
ı́ndredámadyá sávanam . jus.ān.ó
vı́śvasya vidvā´m̃ . ihá pāhi sómam || 2 ||

yá uśatā´ mánasā sómamasmai

sarvahr.dā´ devákāmah. sunóti |
ná gā´ ı́ndrastásya párā dadāti
praśastámı́ccā´rumasmai kr.n.oti || 3 ||

ánuspas..to bhavatyes.ó asya

yó asmai revā´nná sunóti sómam |
nı́raratnau´ maghávā tám. dadhāti
brahmadvı́s.o hantyánānudis..tah. || 4 ||

aśvāyánto gavyánto vājáyanto

hávāmahe tvópagantavā´ u |
ābhū´.santaste sumatau
´ návāyām.
vayámindra tvā śunám. huvema || 5 ||
 ✶✸✶✾

✶✳ ❉r✐♥❦ t❤✐s ♣✉♥❣❡♥t✱

♣r♦♠♦t✐♥❣ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❛♥❞ ❜♦❞✐❧② ✈✐❣♦✉r ❬Soma❪✦
❯♥❤❛r♥❡ss ❤❡r❡ t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s t❤r♦✉❣❤ t❤❡ ❡♥t✐r❡ ❝❤❛r✐♦t ✦✶
❖ Indra✱ ♠❛② ♥♦t ♦t❤❡r s❛❝r✐✜❝❡rs ❞❡t❛✐♥ t❤❡❡✦
❚❤❡s❡ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❬Soma ❞r♦♣s❪ ❛r❡ ❢♦r t❤❡❡✳
✷✳ ❋♦r t❤❡❡ ❬❛r❡❪ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❬Soma ❞r♦♣s❪✱
❢♦r t❤❡❡ t♦ ❜❡ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ♦♥❡s✳
❍❡❧♣✐♥❣✲t❤❡❡✲t♦✲s✇❡❧❧ ❝❤❛♥ts s✉♠♠♦♥ ❬t❤❡❡❪✳
❖ Indra✦ ❚♦❞❛② ❞❡❧✐❣❤t✐♥❣ ✐♥ t❤✐s ♣r❡ss✐♥❣✱
❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❛ ❝♦rr❡❝t ♥♦t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣✱ ❞r✐♥❦ Soma ❤❡r❡✦
✸✳ ❲❤♦✱ ❧♦♥❣✐♥❣ ❢♦r t❤❡ deva✱ ✇❤♦❧❡❤❡❛rt❡❞❧②✱
✇✐t❤ ❞❡s✐r✐♥❣ ♠✐♥❞s❡t ♣r❡ss❡s Soma ❢♦r t❤✐s ♦♥❡✱
Indra ❞♦❡s ♥♦t ❣✐✈❡ ❛✇❛② ❤✐s ❝♦✇s✱
❤❡ ♠❛❦❡s ❬Soma❪ ❥✉st ❛✉s♣✐❝✐♦✉s ❬❛♥❞❪ ❞❡❛r t♦ ❤✐♠ ✳
✷
✹✳ ❚❤❛t ♦♥❡ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ r❡❣❛r❞❡❞ ❛s ❤✐s ❬♣r❡②❪✱
✇❤♦✱ ❜❡✐♥❣ r✐❝❤✱ ❞♦❡s ♥♦t ♣r❡ss Soma ❢♦r ❤✐♠ ✖
❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡ ❤♦❧❞s ❤✐♠ ♦✉t ❛t ❛r♠✬s ❧❡♥❣t❤✳
❍❡ ❦✐❧❧s t❤♦s❡ ✇❤♦ ❛r❡ ❤♦st✐❧❡ t♦ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥s
✇✐t❤♦✉t ❜❡✐♥❣ ❛ss✐❣♥❡❞ ❬t♦ ❞♦ s♦❪✳
✺✳ ❉❡s✐r✐♥❣ ❤♦rs❡s✱ ❞❡s✐r✐♥❣ ❝♦✇s✱ ♣r❛❝t✐❝✐♥❣ r✉s❤❡s ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱
✇❡ ❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥ t❤❡❡ t♦ ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤✳
❆❝t✐♥❣ ❛❝❝♦r❞✐♥❣ t♦ ♥❡✇ ❡✛❡❝t✐✈❡ ❢♦r t❤❡❡ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❣❡st✉r❡✱
✇❡ ❤❛♣♣✐❧② ❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Indra✦

✶ ❂✏❜♦❞②✑
✷ t❤❡ ♣r❡ss❡r
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✵✳✶✻✼

Viśvāmitra ❛♥❞ Jamadagni | Jagatı̄ | t♦ Indra

túbhyedámindra pári .sicyate mádhu

. sutásya kaláśasya rājasi |
tvám
tvám . puruv´ı̄rāmu naskr.dhi
. rayı́m
tvám
. . paritápyājayah. svàh. || 1 ||
tápah

svarjı́tam. máhi mandānámándhaso

hávāmahe pári śakrám. sutā´m̃
. úpa |
imám . no yajñámihá bodhy ´
ā gahi
spŕ.dho jáyantam . maghávānamı̄mahe || 2 ||

sómasya rā´jño várun.asya dhárman.i

bŕ.haspáteránumatyā u śárman.i |
távāhámadyá maghavannúpastutau
dhā´tarvı́dhātah. kaláśām̃
. abhaks.ayam || 3 ||

prásūto bhaks.ámakaram . carā´vápi

stómam . cemám. prathamáh. sūrı́rúnmr.je |
suté sāténa yádyā´gamam. vām.
práti viśvāmitrajamadagnı̄ dáme || 4 ||
 ✶✸✷✶

✶✳ ❋♦r t❤❡❡✱ ❖ Indra✱ t❤✐s ❤♦♥❡② ✐s s♣r✐♥❦❧❡❞ ❛r♦✉♥❞✱

t❤♦✉ r✉❧❡ ♦✈❡r ❛ ❥❛r ♦❢ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❬Soma❪✳
❉♦ t❤♦✉ ❡✛❡❝t ❢♦r ✉s ♣♦ss❡ss❡❞ ♦❢ ♠❛♥② ♠❛❧❡ ♦✛s♣r✐♥❣s tr❡❛s✉r❡✦
❚❤♦✉✱ ❦✐♥❞❧✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❤❡❛t ❬♦❢ s♣✐r✐t✉❛❧ ♣r❛❝t✐❝❡s❪✱ ✇♦♥ svàr✳
✷✳ ❬❍✐♠✱❪ ✇✐♥♥✐♥❣✲svàr✱ ❜❡❝♦♠✐♥❣ ✈❡r② ♠✉❝❤ ✐♥✢❛♠❡❞ ❢r♦♠ ❤❡r❜✱
❛❧❧ ❛r♦✉♥❞ ❡♠♣♦✇❡r✐♥❣ ♦♥❡
✇❡ s✉♠♠♦♥ t♦ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❬❞r♦♣s ♦❢ Soma❪✳
✏❇❡❝♦♠❡ ❛✇❛r❡ ♦❢ t❤✐s ❤❡r❡ ♦✉r ✜r❡ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣✦ ❈♦♠❡ ❤❡r❡✦✑
❬t❤✉s❪ ✇❡ ❛s❦ ❞❡❢❡❛t✐♥❣ ❛❞✈❡rs❛r✐❡s ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡✳
✸✳ ●✐✈❡♥ ❛♥ ❛rr❛♥❣♠❡♥t ♦❢ ❦✐♥❣ Soma✱ ❬❛♥❞❪ ♦❢ Varun.a✱
②❡t ✐♥ t❤❡ s❤❡❧t❡r ♦❢ Br.haspati ✬s ✉♥❢♦❧❞✐♥❣
❬♦❢ t❤❡ s❝♦♣❡ ♦❢ ❛✇❛r❡♥❡ss❪✱
t♦❞❛②✱ ❞✉r✐♥❣ ✐♥✈✐t❛t♦r② ♣r❛✐s❡ ♦❢ t❤❡❡✱ ❖ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡✱
■ ❝♦♥s✉♠❡❞ ❛ ❣♦❜❧❡t ❬♦❢ Soma❪✱
❖ s✉♣♣♦rt❡r ❬❛♥❞❪ ❞✐str✐❜✉t♦r ❬♦❢ t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡❪✦
❬Indra✿❪
✹✳ ❇♦r♥✱ ■ ❛❧s♦ ❤❛❞ ❛ ❞r✐♥❦ ❛t t❤❡ ♣♦t✱
❛♥❞✱ ❛s t❤❡ ♣r✐♠❛r② ✐♥st✐t✉t♦r ♦❢ t❤❡ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡✱
■ ✇✐❧❧ ♣♦❧✐s❤ ✉♣ t❤✐s ❤②♠♥ ♦❢ ♣r❛✐s❡✱
✐❢ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ❤❡❧♣ ♦❢ ✇❤❛t ✇❛s ❣r❛♥t❡❞ ✐♥ t❤❡ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ Soma
■ ❝♦♠❡ ❜❛❝❦ t♦ t❤❡ ❤♦✉s❡ ♦❢ ②♦✉ t✇♦✱
❖ Viśvāmitra ❛♥❞ Jamadagni ✦
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✵✳✶✼✶

It.a Bhārgava | Gāyatrı̄ | t♦ Indra

tvám . tyámit.áto ráthamı́ndra prā´vah. sutā´vatah. |

áśr.n.oh. somı́no hávam || 1 ||

′
. makhásya dódhatah. śı́ró va tvacó bharah. |
tvám
ágachah. somı́no gr.hám || 2 ||

. tyámindra mártyamāstrabudhnā´ya venyám |

tvám
múhuh. śrathnā manasyáve || 3 ||

. tyámindra sū´ryam
tvám . paścā´ sántam
. puráskr.dhi |
´ . cittiró váśam || 4 ||
devānām
 ✶✸✷✸

✶✳ ❚❤♦✉ ❢❛✈♦✉r❡❞ t❤❡ ❝❤❛r✐♦t

♦❢ ♣♦ss❡ss✐♥❣ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❬Soma❪ It.at✱ ❖ Indra✦
❚❤♦✉ ❤❡❛r❞ t❤❡ ❝❛❧❧ ♦❢ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ♦✛❡rs Soma✳
✷✳ ❚❤♦✉✱ ❬✐♥ ♣♦ss❡ss✐♦♥❪ ♦❢ t❤❡ ✜❣❤t✐♥❣ s♣✐r✐t✱
s❤❛❧❧ s❝❛❧♣ t❤❡ ❤❡❛❞ ♦❢ ❛♥ ❛♥❣❡r❡❞ ♦♥❡✳
❚❤♦✉ ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤❡❞ t❤❡ ❤♦✉s❡ ♦❢ ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ❡♠♣❧♦②s Soma✳
✸✳ ❚❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ ②✐❡❧❞❡❞ ❢♦r ❛ ♠♦♠❡♥t
t❤❛t ♠♦rt❛❧✱ Venya✱
t♦ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❤❛t ✐♥ ♠✐♥❞ Āstrabudhna✳
✹✳ ❉♦ t❤♦✉✱ ❖ Indra✱ ♠❛❦❡ t❤✐s s✉♥
t❤❛t ✐s ❜❡❤✐♥❞✱ t♦ ❜❡ ✐♥ ❢r♦♥t✱
❡✈❡♥ ✐❢ t❤♦✉ s❤❛❧❧ ♦✈❡r❝♦♠❡ t❤❡ ✇✐❧❧ ♦❢ deva✲s✳
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✵✳✶✼✾

Śibi AUśı̄nara✱ Pratardana Daivodāsi✱ Vasumanas Rauhidaśva |

✶ Anus..tubh✱ ✷✕✸ Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra

úttis..thatā´va paśyaténdrasya bhāgámr.tvı́yam |

yádi śrātó juhótana yádyáśrāto mamattána || 1 ||

śrātám
. havı́ró .svindra prá yāhi
jagā´ma sū´ro ádhvano vı́madhyam |
pári tvāsate nidhı́bhih. sákhāyah.
kulapā´ ná vrājápatim. cárantam || 2 ||

. manya ū´dhani śrātámagnau

śrātám ´
súśrātam
. manye tádr tám
. . . |
návı̄yah
mā´dhyam . dinasya sávanasya dadhnáh .
pı́bendra vajrinpurukr.jjus.ān.áh. || 3 ||
 ✶✸✷✺

✶✳ ❉♦ ②❡ st❛♥❞ ✉♣✦ ▲♦♦❦ ❞♦✇♥ ✉♣♦♥

❜❡✐♥❣✲❥✉st✲✐♥✲t✐♠❡ Indra✬s ♣♦rt✐♦♥✳
✐❢ ❬✐t ✐s❪ ❝♦♦❦❡❞✱ ❞♦ ②❡ ♦✛❡r ✐t ❛s ❛♥ ♦❜❧❛t✐♦♥✱
✐❢ ❬✐t ✐s❪ ♥♦t ❝♦♦❦❡❞✱ ②❡ s❤♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ ♣❛✉s❡❞✳
✷✳ ❖ Indra✱ s❡t ♦✉t q✉✐❝❦❧② t♦ ❝♦♦❦❡❞ ♦❜❧❛t✐♦♥ ✖
t❤❡ ✐♥❝✐t❡r ❤❛s ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤❡❞ t❤❡ ♠✐❞❞❧❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❥♦✉r♥❡② ✖
✶
s♦ t❤❛t ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s ✇✐t❤ r❡❝❡♣t❛❝❧❡s ❬❢♦r t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡❪
✇♦✉❧❞ ❛ss❡♠❜❧❡ r♦✉♥❞ t❤❡❡✱
t❤❡②✱ ❛s ✐❢ ♣r♦t❡❝t✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❝♦♠♠✉♥✐t②✱
❬❛r♦✉♥❞ t❤❡❡ ✖❪ ✇❛♥❞❡r✐♥❣ ♣r♦t❡❝t♦r ♦❢ tr♦♦♣s✳
✸✳ ❈♦♦❦❡❞ ❬✐s❪ ✇❤❛t ✐s ✐♥ t❤❡ ✉❞❞❡r✱ ■ t❤✐♥❦✱
❝♦♦❦❡❞ ❬✐s❪ ✇❤❛t ✐s ✐♥ ✜r❡✱
❲❡❧❧✲❝♦♦❦❡❞ ❬✐s❪ t❤❛t ♥❡✇❡st ❝♦❤❡r❡♥❝❡✱ ■ t❤✐♥❦✳
❉r✐♥❦ ❝♦❛❣✉❧❛t❡❞ ♠✐❧❦ ♦❢ ♠✐❞❞❛② ♣r❡ss✐♥❣✱
❡♥❥♦②✐♥❣ ❬✐t❪✱ ❖ Indra✱
❖ ❞♦✐♥❣ ♠✉❝❤ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲✇✐❡❧❞❡r✦

✶ t❤❡ s✉♥
❘✐❣❱❡❞❛ ✶✵✳✶✽✵

Jaya AIndri | Tris..tubh | t♦ Indra

prá sasāhis.e puruhūta śátrūñ

jyés..thaste śús.ma ihá rātı́rastu |
ı́ndrā´ bhara dáks.in.enā vásūni
pátih. sı́ndhūnāmasi revátı̄nām || 1 ||

mr.gó ná bhı̄máh. kucaró giris..thā´h.

parāváta ā´ jaganthā párasyāh. |
sr.kám . sam . śā´ya pavı́mindra tigmám .
vı́ śátrūntā..dhi vı́ mŕ.dho nudasva || 2 ||

ı́ndra ks.atrámabhı́ vāmámójó ′jāyathā

vr..sabha cars.an.ı̄nā´m |
ápānudo jánamamitrayántamurúm .
devébhyo akr.n.oru lokám || 3 ||
 ✶✸✷✼

✶✳ ❚❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ❜❡❡♥ ❛ ♠❛t❝❤ t♦ t❤❡ ❡♥❡♠✐❡s✱ ❖ ♠✉❝❤ ✐♥✈♦❦❡❞ ♦♥❡✦

▼❛② t❤② ♠♦st ❡①❝❡❧❧❡♥t ❢❡r✈♦r ❜❡ ❤❡r❡ ❛ ❣✐❢t✦
❖ Indra✱ ❜r✐♥❣ ❤❡r❡ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ r✐❣❤t ❬❤❛♥❞❪ tr❡❛s✉r❡s✦
❚❤♦✉ ❛r❡ t❤❡ ♦✈❡rs❡❡r ♦❢ ♦♣✉❧❡♥t str❡❛♠s✳
✷✳ ▲✐❦❡ ❛ ✇✐❧❞ ❜❡❛st ✖
❢❡❛rs♦♠❡✱ r♦❛♠✐♥❣ ❧✐tt❧❡✱ r❡s✐❞✐♥❣ ♦♥ ❛ ♠♦✉♥t❛✐♥✱ ✶
t❤♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ❝♦♠❡ ❤❡r❡ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ❢❛rt❤❡r ❞✐st❛♥❝❡✳
❙❤❛r♣❡♥✐♥❣ t❤❡ s♣❡❛r✱ t❤❡ ♣♦✐♥t❡❞ t✐♣ ❬♦❢ ✐t❪✱
❝❧❡❛✈❡ ❡♥❡♠✐❡s✱ ❞✐s♣❡❧ ✐♥❤✐❜✐t✐♦♥s✦
✸✳ ❖ Indra✱ t❤♦✉ ❜❡❣♦t t❤❡ s✉♣r❡♠❛❝②✱
t❤❡ ✈✐❣♦✉r t♦✇❛r❞s ✇❤❛t✬s ❧♦✈❡❧②✱
❖ ❛♣♣❡❛r✐♥❣ ❛s ❛ ❜✉❧❧ ♦❢ t❤♦s❡ t❤❛t ❞r❛✇ t♦ t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s ✦ ✷
❚❤♦✉ ♣✉s❤❡❞ ❛✇❛② ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❤♦st✐❧❡ ✐♥t❡♥t✐♦♥s ♣❡rs♦♥✱
❢♦r deva✲s t❤♦✉ ❝r❡❛t❡❞ ❛ ✇✐❞❡ s♣❛❝❡✳

✶ t❤✐s ❧✐♥❡ ✐s Vis.n

t❤❡ s❛♠❡ ❛s ✶✳✶✺✹✳✷❜ ✇❤❡r❡ ✐t ❞❡s❝r✐❜❡s .u
✷ t❤❡ s❡♥s❡s
✶✸✷✽

❆♣♣❡♥❞✐① ❆✿ ❈❤❛r❛❝t❡r✐st✐❝s ♦❢ Indra

Índra ✐s ✉♥❛❧t❡r❛❜❧② r❡❛❧✱ r❡❛❧✱ ♦r ❣❡♥✉✐♥❡✱ ❛♥❞ ♥♦t✲t♦✲❜❡✲❝♦♥❝❡❛❧❡❞✳
❍❡ ✐s ❛❧❧✲❞✐✈✐♥❡ devá✱ t❤❡ devá ♦❢ devá✲s ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ❢♦✉rt❤ Ādityá✳
❍❡ ✐s ✐♠♠♦rt❛❧✱ ✉♥❞❡❝❛②✐♥❣ ✖ ❛t ❧❡❛st ✐♥ s♦♠❡ ❝❛s❡s✱ ❡♥❞✉r✐♥❣
♦r ♥♦t s✉❜❥❡❝t t♦ ♦❧❞ ❛❣❡✱ ❤❡ ✐s ❛ ♥♦♥✲❛❣✐♥❣ ②♦✉t❤❀ ♥❡✐t❤❡r ♠♦♥t❤s
♥♦r ②❡❛rs ✇❡❛r ❤✐♠ ♦✉t✱ ②❡t ❤❡ ✐s ✇❡❛r✐♥❣ ♦✉t ✐♥ ❤✐s ❛❞❡♣ts ❡✈❡r②
❞❛② ❛♥❞ ❝❛✉s❡s t❤❡♠ t♦ ❛❣❡✳ ❆♥ ❛❞❡♣t ♦❢ Indra✱ ❛❧t❤♦✉❣❤ ❛ ❤✉♠❛♥✱
❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ t❤❡ ✐♠♠♦rt❛❧ ♥❛t✉r❡ ❛❞✈❛♥❝❡❞ ❜❡②♦♥❞ t❤❡ ❤✉♠❛♥ ❦✐♥❞✳
Indra ❤❛s ♠❛♥② s❡❧✈❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ♠❛♥② ❛ss✉♠❡❞ ❢♦r♠s✱ ❛♥❞ ✐s ❡✈❡r②✲
✇❤❡r❡✱ ❜❡❧♦♥❣s t♦ ❡✈❡r② ♠❛♥ ✖ t♦ ❛ ❢♦r❡✐❣♥❡r ❛♥❞ t♦ Turvaśa✳ ❍❡
✐s ❛❧❧✲♣❡r✈❛❞✐♥❣✱ ❡①t❡♥❞✐♥❣ ✇✐❞❡❧②✱ ♦✈❡r ❛ ✇✐❞❡ s♣❛❝❡✱ ♦✈❡rs♣r❡❛❞✐♥❣
❛❧❧ r❡❣✐♦♥s✱ ✜❧❧✐♥❣ ❜♦t❤ Rodas✲❡s ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ✐♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ s♣❛❝❡ ✖ ❛♥❞
❡✈❡♥ t❤♦s❡ ❛r❡ ♥♦t ❡♥❝♦♠♣❛ss✐♥❣ ❤✐♠✳ ❍❡ ❜❡❝♦♠❡s ❡♥❝♦♠♣❛ss✐♥❣✱
s♣r❡❛❞✐♥❣ ♦♥ ❛❧❧ s✐❞❡s ❧✐❦❡ ❛ ♠♦✉♥t❛✐♥✱ ❤❡ ✐s ❧✐❦❡ ❛ ✇✐❞❡ s♣❛❝❡ ❛♥❞
❤❛s ❛♥ ❡①t❡♥s✐✈❡ ❜❛s❡✳ ❍❡ ✐s ❞❡❡♣ ❛♥❞ ♣r✐♠♦r❞✐❛❧✳ ❍❡ ❛♥❞ ❤✐s ❛♣✲
♣❡❛r❛♥❝❡ ❛r❡ ❧♦❢t②✱ ❡①t❡♥s✐✈❡✳ Indra ♣r♦❥❡❝ts ❜❡②♦♥❞ t❤❡ ❞❛r❦♥❡ss ♦❢
t❤❡ ♥✐❣❤t✱ ❜❡②♦♥❞ ❞❛②s ♦❢ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥✐♥❣✱ ❜❡②♦♥❞ t❤❡ ✐♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡
s♣❛❝❡✱ ❜❡②♦♥❞ t❤❡ ❤❡❛rt ❝❛❦r❛✱ ❜❡②♦♥❞ t❤❡ ❡①t❡♥s✐♦♥ ♦❢ ✈✐t❛❧ ❛✐rs✱
❜❡②♦♥❞ t❤❡ ❜♦✉♥❞❛r② ♦❢ t❤❡ ❜♦❞②✱ ❜❡②♦♥❞ ✏t❤❡ r✐✈❡rs✑✱ ❜❡②♦♥❞ t❤❡
❝❧❛♥s✳ ❍❡ ✐s ✐♠♠❡♥s❡ ❛♥❞ ❡①tr❡♠❡✳ ❍❡ ✐s ❡①❝❡ss✐✈❡✱ ♦r ♠❛♥✐❢❡sts
❡①❝❡ss✐✈❡♥❡ss✳
✖✕

Indra ✐s ❤✐s ♦✇♥ ♠❛st❡r❀ ❤❡ ❤❛s t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r ♦❢ s❡❧❢✲❞❡t❡r♠✐♥❛t✐♦♥✱

❛✉t♦♥♦♠②✱ ♦r ✐♥❞❡♣❡♥❞❡♥❝❡✱ ❛♥❞ ✐s s❡❧❢✲r✉❧✐♥❣✳ ◆❡✐t❤❡r ❛ deva ♥♦r
❛ ❤✉♠❛♥ ❝❛♥ ❧❡ss❡♥ ✐t✳ ❍❡ ✐s ❛ s♦✈❡r❡✐❣♥✱ ❛ ❝❤✐❡❢t❛✐♥✱ ♦r ❛ ❦✐♥❣✱
❛♥❞ ❛ ✜❡r② ♦♥❡❀ ❤❡ ✐s t❤❡ ♣r❡❡♠✐♥❡♥t s♦✈❡r❡✐❣♥✱ ❡♠♣♦✇❡r❡❞✲❜②✲
t❤❡✲❍❡❛✈❡♥ s♦✈❡r❡✐❣♥ ♦❢ Soma✱ t❤❡ s♦❧❡ ❝❤✐❡❢t❛✐♥ ♦❢ ❛❧❧ ♣❧❛❝❡s ♦❢
❡①✐st❡♥❝❡✱ ♦❢ ❛❧❧ ❝r❡❛t✉r❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ♦❢ ❛❧❧ ❢♦❧❦s✳ ❍❡ ✐s t❤❡ ❦✐♥❣ ♦❢ tr✐❜❡s✱
♦♥❧② ❤❡ r✉❧❡s ♦✈❡r ♦r ♦✈❡r♣♦✇❡rs t❤❡♠ ❛♥❞ ❝♦♠♠❛♥❞s t❤❡♠✳ ❍❡ ✐s
❛ ❝❤✐❡❢t❛✐♥ ♦❢ ❝❧❛♥s✱ t❤❡ ♠❛st❡r ♦❢ ♠❡♥ ✇❤♦ ♣r❡ss Soma ❛♥❞ ♦❢ t❤♦s❡
✇❤♦ ❞♦♥✬t✳ ❍❡ ✐s ❛❧s♦ ❛ ❝❤✐❡❢t❛✐♥ ♦❢ s❡♥s❡s ❛♥❞ ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥ts✳ ❍❡ s❡❡❦s
❤✐s ♦✇♥ ✇❛②✱ ❛♥❞ ❞♦❡s ❛s ❤❡ ✇✐s❤❡s✱ t❤❛♥❦s t♦ ❤✐s r❡s♦✉r❝❡❢✉❧♥❡ss❀
❤❡ ❞♦❡s ♥♦t ❜❡♥❞ t♦ ♦t❤❡r✬s ✇✐❧❧✳
✖✕

Indra ✐s ♦♥❡✲♦❢✲❛✲❦✐♥❞ ❤❡r♦✱ ♥♦ ♦♥❡ ✇❛s ♠♦r❡ ❤❡r♦✐❝ t❤❛♥ ❤❡ ✐s✳

❚❤❡r❡ ✐s ♥♦ ♦♥❡ ✇❤♦ ✐s s✐♠✐❧❛r t♦ ❤✐♠ ♦r ✐s ❧✐❦❡ ❤✐♠✱ ♥♦ ♦♥❡ ❧✐❦❡
❤✐♠ ✇❛s ❜♦r♥ ♦r ✇✐❧❧ ❜❡ ❜♦r♥✱ ♥❡✐t❤❡r ❝❡❧❡st✐❛❧ ♥♦r ❡❛rt❤❧②✳ Indra
✐s ♣❡❡r❧❡ss ❛♠♦♥❣ t❤❡ ♠✐❣❤t② ♦♥❡s✱ ❤❡ ✐s s✉♣❡r✐♦r t♦ ❛❧❧ t❤❛t ✇❛s
❜♦r♥ ❛♥❞ ✇✐❧❧ ❜❡ ❜♦r♥ ❜❡❝❛✉s❡ ♦❢ ❤✐s ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✳ ❍❡ ✐s ❛❜♦✈❡
 ✶✸✷✾

❛❧❧ ❝r❡❛t✉r❡s✱ ♥♦ deva ♦r ❛ ♠♦rt❛❧ ✐s s✉♣❡r✐♦r ♦r ❡✈❡♥ ❡q✉❛❧ t♦ ❤✐♠✳

Indra ❤❛s ♥❡✐t❤❡r r✐✈❛❧s ♥♦r ✇❡❧❧✲♠❛t❝❤❡❞ ♦♣♣♦♥❡♥ts✱ ❜✉t ❤❡ ❛❧s♦
❧❛❝❦s ❛♥ ❛❧❧②✳
Indra ❡①❝❡❧s ❛t ✇❤❛t ❤❡ ✐s ❞♦✐♥❣✳ ❲✐t❤ aṅgiras✲❡s ❤❡ ✐s t❤❡
❜❡st aṅgiras✱ ✇✐t❤ ✈❡rs✐✜❡rs t❤❡ ❜❡st ✈❡rs✐✜❡r ✖ ❤❡ s✉r♣❛ss❡s ❛❧❧
♦t❤❡rs ❜② ❞❡❣r❡❡s✳ ❍❡ ✐s t❤❡ ❜❡st ❛t ✜♥❞✐♥❣ ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s✱
t❤❡ ❜❡st ❛t ❜r❡❛❦✐♥❣ str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞s✱ t❤❡ ❜❡st ❛t ♣r♦❝✉r✐♥❣ ❤♦rs❡s✱ ♦♥❡
♦❢ t❤❡ ❜❡st ❛t ♦❜t❛✐♥✐♥❣ ❛♥❞ ❣✐✈✐♥❣ t❤❡ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱ t❤❡ ❜❡st
❛t ♦❜t❛✐♥✐♥❣ ✇❤❛t✬s ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧✱ t❤❡ ❜❡st ♦❢ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡s✱ t❤❡ ❜❡st
❛t ❛ss✐st✐♥❣❀ ❤❡ ✐s t❤❡ ❜❡st s❧❛②❡r ♦❢ Vr.tra✳ ❍❡ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❧✐s❤❡s ✇❤❛t
♥♦ ♦♥❡ ❡❧s❡ ❞✐❞ ♦r ✇✐❧❧ ❞♦✳ ❍❡ ✐s ❡✛❡❝t✐✈❡ ❛t ✇❤❛t ❤❡ ✐s ❞♦✐♥❣✱
❡✛❡❝t✐✈❡ ✐♥ ❛ ❜❛tt❧❡✱ ❡✛❡❝t✐✈❡ ❛t ❝r❡❛t✐♥❣ ❛ ✇✐❞❡ s♣❛❝❡✱ ❡✛❡❝t✐✈❡ ❛t
♠❛❦✐♥❣ ✇❡❧❧✲❢♦r♠❡❞ st❛t❡s ♦❢ ♠✐♥❞✳ ❍❡ ✐s ❞♦✐♥❣ ♠✉❝❤✱ ❤❡ ❡✛❡❝ts
❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣✱ ❤❡ ♣❡r❢♦r♠s ✇♦♥❞r♦✉s ❛♥❞ ✇♦♥❞❡r❢✉❧ ❞❡❡❞s✳ ❍❡ ❤❛s
♣❡r❢♦r♠❡❞ ♠❛♥② ♠❛♥❧② ❞❡❡❞s✱ ❤❡ ❦♥♦✇s ❛❧❧ ♠❛♥❧② ❧❛❜♦rs✱ ❛♥❞ ✐s
❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② ❡①❡rt✐♦♥✳ ❍❡ ❛ss✐sts ❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣✱ ❛♥❞ ✇✐t❤♦✉t ❤✐♠
♥♦t❤✐♥❣ ✐s ❛❝❝♦♠♣❧✐s❤❡❞✳ ❍❡ ❛❧♦♥❡ ✐s t❤❡ ❞♦❡r ♦❢ ✇♦r❦s ✐♥s✐❞❡ ❛
♠❛♥ ✖ ❢♦r ❡①❛♠♣❧❡✱ ❤❡ ✜♥❞s ❝♦✇s✱ ❝❛✉s❡s ✢♦♦❞✐♥❣ ✇❛t❡rs t♦ ❛r✐s❡
t♦✇❛r❞s t❤❡ s❡❛✱ t❤❡ s✉♥ t♦ ❡♠❡r❣❡✳ Indra ❞✐r❡❝ts ❛tt❡♥t✐♦♥ t♦✇❛r❞s
❛❧❧ s♣❤❡r❡s ♦❢ ❛❝t✐♦♥✱ ❜✉t ✐s ❛❜❧❡ t♦ ❢♦❝✉s ♦♥ s❡♣❛r❛t❡ ♣r♦❜❧❡♠s✱
❝❧❛s❤❡s✱ ❡t❝✳❀ ❤❡ s❡ts ✐♥ ♦r❞❡r ✇❤❛t ✐s ✉♥✜♥✐s❤❡❞✳
Indra ✐s r❡st❧❡ss✱ ✐♥ ❝♦♥st❛♥t ♠♦t✐♦♥✱ ✇❤✐❝❤ s♦♠❡t✐♠❡s ❧❡❛❞s t♦
❝❤❛♥❣✐♥❣ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s✳ ❍❡ ✐s s✇✐❢t❀ ❤✐s ♠♦✈❡s ❛r❡ s✉✣❝✐❡♥t ❛♥❞ ❤❡
✐s ❡①♣❡❞✐t✐♦✉s✳ ❍❡ ✐s st❡❛❞❢❛st✱ st❡❛❞② ✐♥ ❡✈❡r② ❛❝t✐♦♥✱ ❛♥❞ ❡✈❡r✲
r❡s♦❧✉t❡✱ ♥♦t ❣✐✈✐♥❣ ✇❛②✱ ♦r ❡✈❡♥ ♦❜st✐♥❛t❡✳
✖✕

Indra ✐s ✐♥✇❛r❞❧② ❡①❝✐t❡❞✱ ♦r ✐♥s♣✐r❡❞✳ ❍✐s ❛❣✐t❛t✐♦♥ ✐s ❞❡❡♣ ❛♥❞

✐t ❝❛♥ ❜❡ ✈✐♦❧❡♥t ❞✉❡ t♦ ❤✐s ♦✇♥ ❢♦r❝❡❢✉❧♥❡ss ✖ ✈✐♦❧❡♥t ❜✉rsts ❛r❡
❡❛s② ❢♦r ❤✐♠✳ ❍❡ ❤❛s r❛❣❡✱ ♦r ❛♥❣❡r✱ ♦❢ ❛ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ♠❡♥✱ ❤❡ ✐s t❤❡
♠♦st ❡♥r❛❣❡❞ ♦♥❡❀ t❤✐s r❛❣❡ ✐s ♥♦t t♦ ❜❡ ❞♦✇♥♣❧❛②❡❞✳ ❇✉t✱ ❞❡s♣✐t❡
❜❡✐♥❣ ❡♥r❛❣❡❞✱ Indra ❤❛s t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r ♦✈❡r ❛✛❡❝t✐♦♥s❀ ❜② ❧❡ss❡♥✐♥❣
t❤❡ ✐♠♠❡❞✐❛t❡ ❢✉r② ❤❡ ❝r❡❛t❡s ❛♥ ✐♠♣❛ss✐♦♥❡❞ ♠❛♥ ✖ ❤❡ ❞❡s✐r❡s
❣r❡❛t❧②✱ ❤❡ ❞♦❡s ♥♦t ❡♠❛❝✐❛t❡ ❧♦♥❣✐♥❣s✱ ②❡t ❞r✐✈❡s ✐♥t♦ ❤✐❞✐♥❣ t❤❡
s❛✈❛❣❡ ❝❤❛r❛❝t❡r ♦❢ ❤✐♠s❡❧❢ ✖ ❜❡❝❛✉s❡ ❤❡ ❣♦✈❡r♥s ❜♦t❤ ✈✐♦❧❡♥t ✐♠✲
♣✉❧s❡s t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡ ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ❞❛r✐♥❣ ❢r❡♥③②✳ Indra ♦✇♥s ❡✈❡r② ❧❛♠❡♥t✱
❜✉t ❛✈♦✐❞s ♦r ❞✐s♣❡rs❡s ♥♦①✐♦✉s ♠♦♦❞s✳ ❍✐s ❛♥❣❡r ✐s ❞✐r❡❝t❡❞ ✐♥t♦
t❤❡ ❢✉t✉r❡ t❤✉s ♣r♦❝✉r✐♥❣ ✐♥❞✐✈✐❞✉❛❧✐t②✳ ❍✐s ❛♥❣❡r ✐s ♣r❡❝✐♦✉s❀ Soma
❞✐st✐❧❧s ✐t ❛♥❞ ♠❛❦❡s ✐t ❛✉s♣✐❝✐♦✉s ❢♦r t❤❡ ❤❡❛rt✳ ❲❤❡♥ ❛♥❣❡r ❜❡✲
❝♦♠❡s r❛❣❡ ❛♥❞ ✐s r❛✐s❡❞ ❛❜♦✈❡ t❤❡ ♦r❞✐♥❛r② ♠❡❛s✉r❡✱ Indra ✏❝r✉s❤❡s
✇❤❛t✬s ✜r♠✱ s❤❛tt❡rs ✇❤❛t ✐s st✉r❞②✑✳
Indra ✐s ❛♥ ✐♥❝✐t❡r✱ ❤✐s ✐♥t❡♥t✐♦♥ ✐s t♦ st✐r✳ Indra ✐s t✉♠✉❧t✉♦✉s✱
✶✸✸✵

❛♥❞ ❛❣✐t❛t❡s ❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣✳ ■t ✐s ❜② ❤✐♠ t❤❛t ❛❧❧ ❞✐st✉r❜❛♥❝❡s ❛r❡

♠❛❞❡✱ ❤❡ st✐rs ✉♣ ♠❛♥② ✐♠♣♦rt❛♥t ❡✈❡♥ts✱ ❤❡ ❡♥❣❡♥❞❡rs ❛❝t✐♦♥s✱
❛♥❞ r♦✉s❡s t♦ ✐t❀ ❤❡ ❝r❡❛t❡s ✏✜r❡ ✐♥s✐❞❡ t✇♦ r♦❝❦s✑✱ ❣❛t❤❡rs ❛ tr♦♦♣
♦❢ ❢♦❧❧♦✇❡rs✱ ❛♥❞ ❝❛✉s❡s ✜❣❤t✐♥❣✳ Indra ✐s t❤❡ ✐♥❝✐t❡r ♦❢ ✇❤❛t✬s t♦
❜❡❝♦♠❡ r❡❛❧✱ ♦❢ ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ str❡♥❣t❤✱ ♦❢ t❤❡ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡ t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱ ♦❢
❛ ♣❤r❛s❡❀ ❤❡ ❞❡❧✐❣❤ts ✐♥ ❡✈❡r② ❝❤❡r✐s❤❡❞ ♠❛♥✐❝ t❤♦✉❣❤t✳ ❲❤❛t❡✈❡r
Indra st✐rs✱ ❤❡ ❜❡❝♦♠❡s t❤❡ ♠❛st❡r ♦❢ t❤❛t✳ ❲❤❛t ✐s t♦ ❜❡ ❡♥❡r❣✐③❡❞✱
t❤❛t ✐s ♦✛❡r❡❞ t♦ Indra ❜② deva✲s✳
Indra ✐s ✐♥s♣✐r✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♠❡❡❦✱ ❛ ✇❤✐♣ ♦❢ t❤❡ ♠❡❡❦✱ ❛♥ ✐♥❝✐t❡r ♦❢ ❛
♠❡❡❦ ♠❛♥✳ Indra ❢❛❝✐❧✐t❛t❡s ❛♥❣❡r✱ ❡✛❡❝t✐♥❣ ❜♦t❤ ❤❛tr❡❞ ❛♥❞ ♠✉✲
t✉❛❧ ❧♦♥❣✐♥❣s❀ ❤❡ ✐s ❛ ❞❡str✉❝t✐✈❡ ✇❡❛♣♦♥ ♦❢ ❛♥ ❛♥❣❡r❡❞ ♦♥❡✳
✖✕

Indra ✐s ♦❢t❡♥ ❝❛❧❧❡❞ ✏❛ ❜✉❧❧✑ ✖ t❤❛t ✐s✱ s♦♠❡♦♥❡ ♠✐❣❤t②✱ ♦✈❡r✲

♣♦✇❡r✐♥❣✱ ❢♦r❝❡❢✉❧✱ ❜❡✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❝❤❛r❣❡✱ ✐♥✲❝♦♥tr♦❧✱ ❜❡❛r✐♥❣ str♦♥❣ s✇❛②✱
✐♠♣r❡❣♥❛t✐♥❣✳ ▼❛♥② t❤✐♥❣s ❛❜♦✉t ❤✐♠ ❛r❡ ❛❧s♦ ❝❛❧❧❡❞ ✏❛ ❜✉❧❧✑ ✖
❤✐s r❡✐❣♥s ❛r❡ ✏❜✉❧❧s✑✱ ❤✐s ✇❤✐♣ ✐s ✏❜✉❧❧✑✱ ❤✐s ❝❤❛r✐♦t ✐s ✏❜✉❧❧✑✱ ❤✐s t✇♦
t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s ❛r❡ ✏❜✉❧❧s✑❀ ❤❡ ❤❛s t❤r✉st ♦❢ ❛ ❜✉❧❧✱ ❤❡ ✐s ❛❜❧❡ ❧✐❦❡ ❛ ❜✉❧❧
❛♥❞ r❡s♦✉r❝❡❢✉❧ ❧✐❦❡ ❛ ❜✉❧❧✱ ❤❡ r✉♠❜❧❡s ❧♦✉❞❧② ❧✐❦❡ ❛ ❜✉❧❧✳ ❋♦✉r ♦❢
❤✐s ❣✉✐❞✐♥❣ ❛s♣❡❝ts ❛r❡ t❤♦s❡ ♦❢ ❛ ❜✉✛❛❧♦✳ ❍❡ ✐s ♥♦t t♦ ❜❡ ♠❡❞❞❧❡❞
✇✐t❤✱ ❛♥❞ ❞♦❡s ♥♦t ❛❧❧♦✇ ❞❡✜❛♥❝❡ t♦ ❛ ❞❡✜❛♥t ♦♥❡✳ Indra ❛♣♣❡❛rs
❛s ❛ ❜✉❧❧✱ ♦r r❡s❡♠❜❧❡s ❛ ❜✉❧❧✒ ❛♥❞ ❤❡ ✐s t❤❡ ♠♦st ❡①❝❡❧❧❡♥t ❛♠♦♥❣
r❡s❡♠❜❧✐♥❣✲❛✲❜✉❧❧ ♦♥❡s✳
Indra ❤❛s t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r ♦❢ ❝♦♥tr♦❧✱ ♦r ❛✉t❤♦r✐t②✒ ❛♥❞ ✐s s✉rr♦✉♥❞❡❞
❜② ♣♦✇❡rs t♦ ❝♦♥tr♦❧✳ ❍❡ ✐s ✐♥ ❝❤❛r❣❡ ✖ ✐♥ ❝❤❛r❣❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ t✇♦ t❛✇♥②
♦♥❡s✱ ✐♥ ❝❤❛r❣❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡✱ ✐♥ ❝❤❛r❣❡ ♦❢ ✇❤❛t ✐s ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧✳ ❍❡
❤❛s s❡✈❡♥ r❡✐♥s✱ ❛♥❞ ✐s ❛ ❥♦✐♥t r✉❧❡r ♦❢ t❤❡ ♠✐❣❤t② ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ❛♥❞ t❤❡
❊❛rt❤✱ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❣♦♦❞✱ ♦❢ t❤♦s❡ ❞r❛✇✐♥❣ t♦ t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s ✖ t❤❡ s❡♥s❡s✳
❇② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❤✐s ❢r❡♥③② ❤❡ ❝❛♥ ❜❡ ✐♥ ❝❤❛r❣❡ ♦❢ ❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣✳
Indra ✐s ❛ t❛♠❡r ♦❢ ❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣✱ ✉♥❞❡r ❤✐s ❞✐r❡❝t✐♦♥ ❛r❡ ❤♦rs❡s✱
♦①❡♥✱ tr♦♦♣s✱ ❛♥❞ ❛❧❧ ❝❤❛r✐♦ts✳ ❍❡ ✐s ✐♥ ❝❤❛r❣❡ ♦❢ ❛ ♠❛♥ ✇❤♦ ✐s ♦♥
t❤❡ ♠♦✈❡✱ ❛♥❞ ♦❢ ❛ ♠❛♥ ✇❤♦ ✐s s❡tt❧❡❞✳ ❍❡ ✐s ✐♥✲❝♦♥tr♦❧❀ ❤❡ ✐s t❤❡
♦♥❧② ♦♥❡ ✇❤♦ r✉❧❡s ❛❧❧ tr✐❜❡s ❛♥❞ ❝❧❛♥s✳ ❆r✐s✐♥❣ ✐♥ t❤❡ ✜✈❡ tr✐❜❡s✱
❤❡ ✐s t❤❡ ❦✐♥❣✱ ♦r ❛ ❝❤✐❡❢t❛✐♥✱ ♦❢ t❤❡♠✱ ♦❢ ❛❧❧ ❢♦❧❦s ❛♥❞ ❝r❡❛t✉r❡s✳
❍❡ ✐s t❤❡ ❧❡❛❞❡r ♦❢ ❤✉♠❛♥ ❞♦♠❛✐♥s ❛♥❞ ♦❢ ❝❡❧❡st✐❛❧ tr✐❜❡s✳
✖✕

Indra ✐s ❛♥ ♦✈❡rs❡❡r ♦❢ ✇❤❛t ✐s ♦r t♦✲❜❡❝♦♠❡ r❡❛❧✱ ♦❢ tr✐❜❡s✱ ♦❢

❛ s❛❝r✐✜❝✐❛❧ ❛ss❡♠❜❧②✱ ♦❢ tr♦♦♣s✱ ♦❢ ♠❡♥✳ ❍❡ ✐s ❛♥ ♦✈❡rs❡❡r ♦❢ t❤❡
❛❝t✐✈✐t✐❡s ♦❢ tr❛✐♥✐♥❣ ❞❛②s ❛♥❞ ♦❢ ✜❣❤t✐♥❣ ♠❛t❝❤❡s✳ ❍❡ ✐s ❛♥ ♦✈❡rs❡❡r
♦❢ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s✱ ♦❢ ♦♣✉❧❡♥t str❡❛♠s✱ ♦❢ ❣r❡❛t ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱ ♦❢ t❤❡
tr❡❛s✉r❡ ❛♥❞ ♦❢ ✐ts ❜❡♥❡✜ts✳ ◆❡✈❡r ❛❜s❡♥t✱ ❤❡ ✇❛t❝❤❡s ♦✈❡r ❜♦t❤
 ✶✸✸✶

t②♣❡s ♦❢ ❡①✐st❡♥❝❡✳
Indra ✐s ❛ ❣✉✐❞✐♥❣ s♣✐r✐t✳ ❍❡ ❣✉✐❞❡s ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❧♦✉❞ ❛✉❞✐t♦r②
✐♠♣r❡ss✐♦♥s✱ ❛♥❞ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t❡s ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ s♣❡❡❝❤✳ ❍❡ s❡❡❦s ✐♥s♣✐r✲
✐♥❣ ✇♦r❞s✱ ❡♠♣❧♦②s ❛✉❞✐t♦r② ✐♠♣r❡ss✐♦♥s✱ ❣✉✐❞❡s ✇✐t❤ ✈♦✐❝❡✱ r♦❛rs✱
❛♥❞ ✐s s♦♠❡t✐♠❡s ❧✐❦❡ ❛♥ ❛✉❞✐t♦r② ✐♠♣r❡ss✐♦♥✳ ❍❡ ✐s ❛ ❣✉✐❞❡ ✇❤♦
❣✐✈❡s ❞✐r❡❝t✐♦♥s ✐♥st❛♥t❧② ❛♥❞ ✐♥❞✉❝❡s ❛ r✉s❤❀ ❤✐s ❣✉✐❞❛♥❝❡ ✐s ♣♦✲
t❡♥t ❛♥❞ ❧❡❛❞s t♦✇❛r❞s ❢r❡q✉❡♥t ♠✉❧t✐t✉❞❡ ♦❢ ❜❡♥❡✜ts✳ ❍❡ ❣✐✈❡s ❛♥
❡❛s② ♣❛ss❛❣❡ ❛♥❞ ❛ ❝❤❛♥❝❡ t♦ ♠♦✈❡ ✉♣✇❛r❞s✳ ❍❡ ✐s ❛ ♣❛t❤✲♠❛❦❡r✱
❤❡ ❤❛s ❛ ♣❛t❤ ❢♦r✇❛r❞❀ ❤❡ s❡❡❦s ❛♥❞ ✜♥❞s ❛♥ ✉♥✐♠♣❡❞❡❞ ♣❛t❤✇❛②
✖ ❤✐s ♣❛t❤✇❛②s ❛r❡ ✉♥♦❜str✉❝t❡❞ ❧✐❦❡ t❤♦s❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥✳ ❍❡ ✐s
❛ t❡❛❝❤❡r ♦❢ ♠❡♥ ❞✉r✐♥❣ ❝♦♥✢✐❝ts✱ ❛♥❞ ❤❛s ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥t ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❡♥✲
❧✐❣❤t❡♥ ❤✐s ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡rs✳
✖✕

Indra ✐s ❣✐❢t❡❞ ✇✐t❤ ✐♥s✐❣❤t✱ ❛ ♣♦❡t✳ ❑♥♦✇✐♥❣✱ ♦r ❦♥♦✇❧❡❞❣❡❛❜❧❡✒

❤❡ ❤❛s ❛ ❝♦rr❡❝t ♥♦t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣✱ ❢r♦♠ ❤✐♠ r✐❣❤t ❝♦♥❝❡♣t✐♦♥s
❣♦ ✐♥ ❞✐✛❡r❡♥t ❞✐r❡❝t✐♦♥s❀ ❤✐s ❦♥♦✇❧❡❞❣❡ ✐s ❡♠❜r❛❝✐♥❣ ❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣❀
❤❡ ✐s t❤❡ ❦♥♦✇❧❡❞❣❡ ❢♦r ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦ ✐s ❜❡tt❡r ❛t ♣r❡ss✐♥❣ Soma✳ ❍✐s
♠✐♥❞ ✐s t❡rr✐❢②✐♥❣✱ ❞❛r✐♥❣ ❛♥❞ ❛ ♠❛st❡r ♦❢ ✐ts❡❧❢✳
❍❡ ❤❛s ❛ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ✇✐❧❡s ❛♥❞ ❦♥♦✇s ♠❛♥② tr✐❝❦s ❛♥❞ ❝♦♥tr✐✈❛♥❝❡s✳
❍❡ ❡♠♣❧♦②s .rta ❜② ✉s✐♥❣ ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥s ❜❛s❡❞ ♦♥ .rta✳
❍❡ ✐s ♥♦t t♦ ❜❡ ❞❡❝❡✐✈❡❞✱ ❜✉t ✜♥❞s ✇❛②s t♦ ❞❡❝❡✐✈❡✳ ❍❡ ❤❛s
❣♦♦❞ ❞❡s✐❣♥s ❛♥❞ ✐s s❦✐❧❧❢✉❧❀ ❤✐s s❦✐❧❧s ❛r❡ ♥♦t ✇❛✈❡r✐♥❣✱ ❛♥❞ ❤✐s
❝♦♠♣❡t❡♥❝✐❡s ❛r❡ ♠❛♥②✳ ❍❡ ✐s ♠❡♥t❛❧❧② ❞✐s♣♦s❡❞ ❢♦r ❣r❡❛t ❞❡❡❞s
❛♥❞ ❤❛s r❡s♦✉r❝❡❢✉❧♥❡ss ❢♦r t❤❛t✳ ■t ✐s ❣✐✈❡♥ t♦ ❤✐♠ ❜② deva✲s✱
❛♥❞ Indra ❢♦st❡rs ✐t✳ Indra✬s r❡s♦✉r❝❡❢✉❧♥❡ss ✐s ❣r❡❛t✱ ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥t✱
❛♥❞ ✉♥❧✐♠✐t❡❞✳ ■t ✐s ♠♦st ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t✐♥❣ ♦❢ ❞✐✣❝✉❧t✐❡s ❛♥❞ ❝❛rr②✐♥❣
❛❝r♦ss ♦❜st❛❝❧❡s✳ ❇❡❝❛✉s❡ ♦❢ ✐t✱ Indra ❞♦❡s ❛s ❤❡ ✇✐s❤❡s ❛♥❞ ❤❛s
✇❛②s t♦ ♦✈❡r❝♦♠❡ ❛❞✈❡rs✐t②✳ ■t ♠❛❦❡s Indra t❡rr✐❢②✐♥❣✳
Indra ✇✐❧❧ ♥♦t ❜❡ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❡❞ ❛s ❛ ♣❡rs♦♥ ✐♥ ❝♦♥❢✉s✐♦♥ ♥♦r ❛s
♦♥❡ ❤♦❧❞✐♥❣ t✇♦ ❞✐✛❡r❡♥t ♦♣✐♥✐♦♥s✳ ❍❡ ✐s ❝♦♥s✐❞❡r✐♥❣ ✐ss✉❡s ❢r♦♠
❛❧❧ s✐❞❡s✱ ❤❡ ✐s ♣r✉❞❡♥t❀ r❛s❤ t❤♦✉❣❤ts ❞♦ ♥♦t ❞❡❝❡✐✈❡ ❤✐♠✳ ❍✐s ♠❛♥✲
♥❡r ♦❢ t❤✐♥❦✐♥❣ ✐s ❛ r❡s✉❧t ♦❢ ❛ ❢♦rt❤✇✐t❤ ❝♦♥t❡♠♣❧❛t✐♦♥❀ ❤❡ ❢❛❝✐❧✐✲
t❛t❡s ❝♦♥t❡♠♣❧❛t✐♦♥s ❛♥❞ ♣♦ss❡ss❡s ♠❡♥t❛❧ s❝❤❡♠❛s ❢♦r ❛♥ ❡✛❡❝t✐✈❡
❝♦♥t❡♠♣❧❛t✐♦♥✱ ❜✉t ❤✐s ✈❡r❜❛❧ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❛❝t✐✈✐t② ✐s ♥♦t ❝♦♥❞✉❝✐✈❡✲
t♦✲❡①❤❛✉st✐♦♥❀ ❤❡ ✜♥❞s ♦r ❝r❡❛t❡s ♠❡♥t❛❧ s♣❛❝❡ ❛♥❞ ❤❛s ❡✛❡❝t✐✈❡
♠❡♥t❛❧ ❣❡st✉r❡s✳
Indra ✐s ❡♠♣♦✇❡r❡❞ ❜② t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ❛♥❞ ❤❛s ❛ ♠❛♥❧② ❛♥❞ ❤✐❣❤✲
s♣✐r✐t❡❞ ♠✐♥❞s❡t✳ Indra ❤❛s ♠❡♥t❛❧ ✈✐❣♦✉r❀ ❤❡ ✐s ❛tt❡♥t✐✈❡✱ ♦r ❤❡❛r✲
✐♥❣❀ ❤❡ ✐s ✈✐❣✐❧❛♥t✱ ✉♥❞✐str❛❝t❡❞✱ ❛♥❞ ♥♦t✲t♦✲❜❡✲❞✐✈❡rt❡❞✳ ❍❡ ❤❛s
t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r ♦❢ ❞✐s❝❡r♥♠❡♥t✳ ❍❡ ✐s ♥♦t✐❝✐♥❣✱ ♦❜s❡r✈❛♥t✱ ♦r ❞✐s❝r✐♠✲
✐♥❛t✐♥❣✒ ❞✐s❝❡r♥✐♥❣✱ ❡✈❡♥ ✇❡❧❧✲❞✐s❝❡r♥✐♥❣ ❛♥❞ ❢♦r❡s✐❣❤t❡❞✳ ❍❡ ❞❡✲
✶✸✸✷

t❡❝ts ✐♥ ♣❡♦♣❧❡ t❤❡ ❦♥♦✇❧❡❞❣❡ ♦❢ t❡♥❞✐♥❣ ✉♣✇❛r❞s ♦♥❡✱ ❛♥❞ ❞✐s❝❡r♥s

str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞s✳ Indra ✐s t❤❡ ♠♦st r❛❞✐❛♥t✱ ♦r ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t✐♥❣✱ ✖ ❤❡ ✜♥❞s✱
❜❡❤♦❧❞s ❛♥❞ ❣❛✐♥s svàr✳ Indra ❤❛s ❛♥ ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥t ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ✐❧❧✉♠✐✲
♥❛t❡✱ ❛♥❞ s❡❡s ❝❧❡❛r❧② ✖ ❤❡ ✐s ❛ s❡❡r✳ ❍❡ ❜r✐♥❣s t❤❡ ❧✐❣❤t ✐♥t♦ t❤❡
s❡♥s❡s❀ ❤❡ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t❡s ♥✐❣❤ts✱ ❛♥❞ ✐s ❛ ♣r♦❣❡♥✐t♦r ♦❢ t❤❡ s✉♥✳
Indra ✐s t❤❡ ❝❤✐❡❢t❛✐♥ ♦❢ s❡♥s❡s✱ ❤❡ r❡s❡♠❜❧❡s ❛♥❞ ❛♣♣❡❛rs ❛s ❛
❜✉❧❧ ♦❢ t❤❡♠✱ ❤❡ ✐s t❤❡✐r ♠✐❣❤t② ❥♦✐♥t r✉❧❡r✳ ❍❡ ✐s ❛ s♦✉r❝❡ ♦❢ t❤❡✐r
❛❣✐t❛t✐♦♥✱ ❤❡ ✜❧❧s t❤❡♠ ✇✐t❤ ✇❤❛t ✐s r❡❛❧✱ s✉♣♣♦rts t❤❡♠✱ ❛♥❞ ❞❡✲
str♦②s ✇❤❛t t♦ t❤❡♠ ❛r❡ ♦❜st❛❝❧❡s ✖ ❤❡ ❤❡❛rs ❛♥❞ s❡❡s ❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣✳
❍❡ ♦✈❡r♣♦✇❡rs s❡♥s❡s ❛♥❞ ♣r❡✈❛✐❧s ♦✈❡r t❤❡♠✳ ❍❡ ✐s ❡♥❝❤❛♥t✐♥❣ t❤❡
♠✐♥❞ ❛♥❞ ❤❛s t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❢r❛♠❡ ✐❞❡❛s ❛♥❞ ♣❡r❝❡♣t✐♦♥✱ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r
♦✈❡r ❛✛❡❝t✐♦♥s❀ ❤❡ s❤❛♣❡s ♦♥❡✬s ♣♦✇❡rs✳
✖✕

Indra ✐s ❛ tr✉❡ Soma✲❞r✐♥❦❡r✱ ❛♥❞ ❡✈❡r ❛♥❞ ❡❛❣❡r ❞❡s✐r♦✉s ♦❢ ✐t✳

Indra ✐s ✐♥✢❛♠❡❞ ❜② Soma ❛♥❞ ✐s ❞r✐✈❡♥ ❜② ✐t✳ Soma ✐s ❛✉s♣✐❝✐♦✉s✱
✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t✐♥❣✱ ❛♥❞ ♥♦✉r✐s❤✐♥❣ ❢♦r ❤✐♠✱ ✐t ♠❛❦❡s ❤✐♠ str♦♥❣❡r✳
Indra ✐s ❛♥ ❛st✉t❡ ♣♦❡t ✇❤♦s❡ ♣♦❡t✐❝ ✐♥s♣✐r❛t✐♦♥ ✐s ✉♥❛tt❛✐♥❛❜❧❡
❜② ♠❡r❡ ♠♦rt❛❧s❀ ❛♠♦♥❣ ♣♦❡ts ❤❡ ✐s t❤❡ ♠♦st ❣✐❢t❡❞ ✇✐t❤ ✐♥s✐❣❤t✱ ❤❡
✐s ❝❛❧❧❡❞ t❤❡ ♠♦st ✐♥s♣✐r❡❞ ♦❢ ♣♦❡ts✳ Indra ✐s ❛ ♠❛st❡r ♦❢ ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡
❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s ✭✏❝♦✇s✑✮✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ♣♦✇❡r ♦✈❡r t❤❡♠✱ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ ❛♥❞ ✜♥❞✐♥❣
t❤❡♠✳ Indra✬s s♣❡❡❝❤ ❤❛s ♥♦ ♠❛❧✐❝❡ ✐♥ ✐t❀ ❤❡ ✐s t❤❡ ❜❡st ❛♠♦♥❣
♠❛♥② ❛t ❛ s❤♦✉t✐♥❣ ❝♦♥t❡st ♦❢ ♠❛♥② ❤②♠♥ s✐♥❣❡rs✳ Indra ❞♦❡s ♥♦t
✐♠♣❡❞❡ ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s✱ ❛♥❞ ✐♠♣❛rts t❤❡♠ t♦ st❛♥③❛s✱ ❣r❛♥t✲
✐♥❣ ✇❡❧❧✲t✇✐st❡❞ ✈❡rs❡s✳ ❍❡ ❝r❡❛t❡s r❡❝✐t❡rs ♦❢ ✈❡rs❡s✳
✖✕

Indra ✐s ❛ tr✉❡ ❦♥♦✇✐♥❣✲♠❛♥②✲tr✐❝❦s ♣♦ss❡ss✐♥❣ ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣

str❡♥❣t❤ ✜❣❤t❡r ❛♥❞ ❛ ♥♦♥✲❡♣❤❡♠❡r❛❧ ✇❛rr✐♦r ✖ ❢❡❛r❧❡ss✱ ❝♦♠❜❛t✲
✐✈❡✱ ♥❡✈❡r st❛♥❞✐♥❣ ❞♦✇♥ ❢♦r t❤❡ ❞❡❛t❤✱ ✜❣❤t✐♥❣ ❞❛r✐♥❣❧② ❛♥❞ ❞❛r✐♥❣
t♦ ❛tt❛❝❦✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ♠✉❝❤ ❝♦✉r❛❣❡✱ ❜❡✐♥❣ ❞❛r✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❝♦♥✢✐❝ts✱ ❞❡✜❛♥t
❛♥❞ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❞❡✜❛♥t ♠✐♥❞s❡t✳ ❍❡ ❤❛s t❤❡ ✜❣❤t✐♥❣ s♣✐r✐t✳ ❍❡ ✐s ♦♣♣♦s✲
✐♥❣ ♠✉❝❤ ❛♥❞ ♦✛❡rs ✈✐♦❧❡♥❝❡ t♦ ♣❡♦♣❧❡ ❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ ✇❛r ❛♥❞ ❢♦r
t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ ♣❡❛❝❡✱ ❤❡ ♦✈❡r❝♦♠❡s ❤♦st✐❧❡s ❜② ✜❣❤t✐♥❣✳ ■♥ ❛ ♣❡rs♦♥✱
❤❡ ✐s ❜❛tt❧❡✲r❡❛❞②✳
❍✐s ✈❛❧♦r ✐s ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥t✱ ❣r❡❛t✱ ❛♥❞ r❡♥♦✇♥❡❞✳ ◆♦ ♦♥❡ ❡①❝❡❡❞s
Indra ✐♥ ✈❛❧♦r❀ ✐♥ ❤✐♠ ❛❧❧ ❛s♣❡❝ts ♦❢ ✈❛❧♦r ✖ Soma ✐♥ t❤❡ ❜❡❧❧②✱
♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ str❡♥❣t❤ ✐♥ t❤❡ ❜♦❞②✱ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t ✐♥ ❤❛♥❞✱ r❡s♦✉r❝❡✲
❢✉❧♥❡ss ✐♥ t❤❡ ❤❡❛❞ ✖ ❛r❡ ❜r♦✉❣❤t t♦❣❡t❤❡r✳
Indra ❝❛✉s❡s t❤❡ t✉♠✉❧t ♦❢ ❜❛tt❧❡✱ ❤❡ r❛✐s❡s ❞✉st ❤✐❣❤ ❛♥❞ ✐s
♠✉❝❤✲❝❛❧❧❡❞✲✉♣♦♥ ✜❣❤t❡r ✐♥ ❡✈❡r② ❜❛tt❧❡ ❛♥❞ ✐♥ ❝❧❛s❤❡s✳ ❍❡ ✐s ❛
st❡❛❞❢❛st ❞❡❢❡♥❞❡r✱ ❤✐♠ t❤♦s❡ ✇❤♦ ❛r❡ s✉rr♦✉♥❞❡❞ ✐♥ ❛ ❝♦♠❜❛t ❝❛❧❧
 ✶✸✸✸

✉♣♦♥❀ ❤❡ ❣r✐♥❞s ❡♥❡♠✐❡s ❞♦✇♥✱ ❛♥❞ ✐s ❞✐✣❝✉❧t t♦ s❤❛❦❡✳ ❉✉r✐♥❣ ❛t✲

t❛❝❦s ❤❡ ✐s ♦✈❡r ❛❧❧ ❛❞✈❡rs❛r✐❡s❀ ❡✈❡♥ ❜❡✐♥❣ ❛❧♦♥❡✱ ❤❡ ❡❛❣❡r❧② s❡❡❦s
t♦ ❡♥❣❛❣❡ ❡✈❡r ♠♦r❡ ♥✉♠❡r♦✉s ♦♣♣♦♥❡♥ts✳ ❍❡ ✐s t❤✉♥❞❡r✐♥❣ ✈❡✲
❤❡♠❡♥t ♥♦t✲t♦✲❜❡✲♦❜str✉❝t❡❞ ♥♦t✲t♦✲❜❡✲♠❛t❝❤❡❞✲✐♥✲❛✲✜❣❤t ❢♦♥❞ ♦❢
s❧❛✉❣❤t❡r ✜❣❤t❡r✳ ◆♦ ♦♥❡ ✇❛r❞s ❤✐♠ ♦✛ ✐♥ ❛ ❝❧❛s❤✳
Indra ✐s ✇❡❧❧✲❛r♠❡❞ ✖ ✇✐t❤ ♠✐ss✐❧❡s✱ ✇✐t❤ ❜♦✇ ❛♥❞ ❛rr♦✇s✱
✇✐t❤ ❛ s♣❡❛r✱ ♦r ✇✐t❤ ❤❛✈✐♥❣✲t❤♦✉s❛♥❞✲s♣✐❦❡s ✇❡❛♣♦♥✳ ❍❡ ✐s ❛
t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲✇✐❡❧❞❡r ❝❛rr②✐♥❣ ✐t ✐♥ ❛r♠s ♦r ✐♥ ❛ ❤❛♥❞✳ ❍✐s ✏✐r♦♥✑
t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t ✐s ✐♥t❡rt✇✐♥❡❞ ✇✐t❤ ❤✐♠ ❛♥❞ ✐s ❞❡①t❡r♦✉s✱ ❞✐✣❝✉❧t t♦
✇❛r❞ ♦✛✳
Indra ✐s ❛ ❤❡r♦ ✇❤♦ ❞♦❡s ♥♦t str✐❦❡ ❡♥❡♠✐❡s ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ❜❛❝❦ r♦✇✳
❍❡ ✐s ❛ ✇❛rr✐♦r ✇❤♦ ✐s ✐♥ ❢r♦♥t✱ ❛ ❢♦❝❛❧✲♣♦✐♥t✲♦❢✲❜❛tt❧❡ ✜❣❤t❡r✱ ❜✉t
❤❡ ❝❛♥ ❛❧s♦ ❜❡ ❛ s❝♦✉t✳ ❍❡ ✐s ♣r✐♥❝✐♣❛❧ ✐♥ ♠❛♥② ❝❧❛s❤❡s✱ ❤✐s ♣r❡s❡♥❝❡
❤❛s ❛ ❞✐r❡❝t ✐♠♣❛❝t ❍❡ ♦❢t❡♥ ✜❣❤ts ❢r♦♠ ❛ ❝❤❛r✐♦t✱ ❛♥❞ ✇✐♥s ❝❤❛r✐♦t
❝♦♥t❡sts❀ ❤❡ tr❛✈❡❧s ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❝❤❛r✐♦ts✳ ❍❡ ✐s t❤❡ ❜❡st ❝❤❛r✐♦t❡❡r
♦❢ ❛❧❧✳
❍❡ ✐s ♠♦r❡ t❤❛♥ ❛ ❤❡r♦✱ ♠♦r❡ t❤❛♥ ❛ ✇❛rr✐♦r✱ ❤❡ ✐s ❛ ❣r❡❛t ❝♦♠✲
♠❛♥❞❡r ✇❤♦ ❜r✐♥❣s ❤✐s ♠❡♥ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ❜② s❤♦✉t✐♥❣✱ r♦✉s❡s t❤❡♠ t♦
❛❝t✐♦♥✱ ♣r♦♠♦t❡s ❣r❡❛t ❝♦✉r❛❣❡✱ ❛♥❞ ❡✛❡❝ts ✐♥ t❤❡♠ ❢❡❛r❧❡ss♥❡ss❀
❢♦❧❧♦✇✐♥❣ ❤✐♠ ✜❣❤t❡rs ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❤❡r♦❡s✳
✖✕

Indra ✐s ❛♥ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡ ✐♥ ❜❛tt❧❡s✱ ✐♥ ❝❧❛s❤❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ✐♥ ♠❡♥✳

❍❡ ✐s ❛ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s st❡❛❞❢❛st ♠✐❣❤t② ♥♦t✲❝♦✉♥t❡r❜❛❧❛♥❝❡❞ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢
❝❤❛♥❣❡✳ ❲❤❡♥ s♦♠❡t❤✐♥❣ t❤❛t ❝❛♥ ❣♦ ❜♦t❤ ✇❛②s ✐s ♦♥ t❤❡ ❣r♦✉♥❞✱
t❤❡♥ ❤❡ ❣✐✈❡s ❜❡♥❡✜ts t♦ t❤❡ ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡r✳ ❍❡ ❤❛s t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱
✐t ✐s ❜❡st ✐♥ ❤✐♠✱ ❛♥❞ ❤❡ ✐s t❤❡ ♠❛st❡r ♦❢ ✐t✳
Indra ✐s ❛ ❜r❡❛❦❡r ♦r ❞❡♠♦❧✐s❤❡r ♦❢ ♥✉♠❡r♦✉s str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞s ❛♥❞
✇❛❧❧s ✖ ❡①t❡r♥❛❧ ❛♥❞ ✐♥♥❡r ♦♥❡s✳ ❍❡ ❜r❡❛❦s ♦♣❡♥ ✏❝♦✇s❤❡❞s✑✱ s❤❛t✲
t❡rs ✏❝❛✈❡r♥✑✱ ❤❡ s❤❛❦❡s ❛♥❞ ❝❛✉s❡s t♦ ❢❛❧❧ ✇❤❛t ✐s ✉♥s❤❛❦❛❜❧❡✱ ❤❡
❞✐s♣❡rs❡s ✐♥❡rt✐❛✱ ❝r✉s❤❡s ✇❤❛t✬s ✜r♠✱ s❤❛tt❡rs ✇❤❛t ✐s st✉r❞②✳ ❍✐s
❤♦♠❡ ✐s ✇❤❡r❡ t❤❡r❡ ✐s ❛ ❣✐✈✐♥❣ ✉♣✳
Indra ✐s t❤❡ ♠♦st ❡①❝❡❧❧❡♥t s❧❛②❡r✱ s✉❜❞✉❡r✱ ♦r ♦♣♣r❡ss♦r✱ ♦❢
Vr.tra ✐♥ ❝♦♥✢✐❝ts ❛♥❞ ✐♥ ❝❧❛s❤❡s✳ Indra s♠❛s❤❡s ♥✉♠❡r♦✉s ✉♥❛♣✲
♣r♦❛❝❤❛❜❧❡ ♦❜st❛❝❧❡s✳ ❍❡ s❧❛②s ❧②✐♥❣ ❛r♦✉♥❞ t❤❡ ✢♦♦❞✐♥❣ ✇❛t❡rs
❡①❤✐❜✐t✐♥❣ ✈✐❣♦✉r s♥❛❦❡✱ ❞✐♠✐♥✐s❤❡s t❤❡ ✈✐t❛❧ ♣♦✇❡r ♦❢ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡s
t♦ s✉✛❡r ✇❛♥t ♦r s❧❛②s t❤❡♠✱ s❧❛②s ♦❢ ✈✐❝✐♦✉s ❣✉❛r❞✐♥❣ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡✱
❞❡str♦②s ❞❡❢❡♥s✐✈❡♥❡ss✱ s❤❛tt❡rs ✐♥❤✐❜✐t✐♦♥s✱ ❛♥❞ ❞❡str♦②s ✐♥❢❛t✉❛✲
t✐♦♥s ❛♥❞ r❡❛❝t✐✈❡ ✐♠♣✉❧s✐✈❡♥❡ss✳ ❍❡ str✐❦❡s ✇✐t❤ ❛♥ ❛rr♦✇ t❤♦s❡
♥✉♠❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡s ✇❤♦✱ ✇❤✐❧❡ ♥♦t ❜❡✐♥❣ ♦❜s❡r✈❡❞✱ ❛r❡ ❝❛✉s✐♥❣ ❣r❡❛t
❡✈✐❧✳ Indra ✐s s✉♣❡r✐♦r t♦ ❝✉rs❡s ❛♥❞ ❞❡str♦②s t❤❡♠✳ ❍❡ s❝❛tt❡rs ♦r
❝r✉s❤❡s ❡♥❡♠✐❡s ❛♥❞ t❤❡✐r ❞❡❝❡✐t❢✉❧ ♣❧❛♥s✳
✶✸✸✹

Indra ✇✐♥s ❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣ ❛♥❞ ✐♥ ❡✈❡r② ✇❛②✳ ❍❡ ❞❡❢❡❛t❡❞ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞

❛r♠✐❡s ❛♥❞ ✐s ❞❡❧✐✈❡r❡r ♦❢ ❛❧❧ ❜❛tt❧❡s✳ Indra ✐s ✈✐❝t♦r✐♦✉s ✐♥ ❜❛tt❧❡s✱
✐♥ ❝♦♠❜❛ts ❛♥❞ ✐♥ ❝♦♥t❡sts✳ ❍❡ ❝♦♥q✉❡rs ♠❡♥✱ ❛❝q✉✐r❡s ❢❡rt✐❧❡ s♦✐❧✱
❛❝q✉✐r❡s ❤♦rs❡s ❛♥❞ ❝♦✇s❀ ❤❡ ✇✐♥s ♣r✐③❡s✱ ❤❡ ✇✐♥s r❡♥♦✇♥✱ ❤❡ ✇✐♥s
svàr✳
Indra ✐s t❤❡ ♦♥❡ ♦❢ ❛ss✉r❡❞ s✉♣r❡♠❛❝②✱ ♥♦ ♦♥❡ ✐s s✉♣❡r✐♦r t♦ ❤✐♠✳
❍❡ ❝❛♥ ♦✈❡r❝♦♠❡ ❡✈❡♥ ❧✐♠✐t❛t✐♦♥s ♦❢ Tvás . .t.r ❛♥❞ ❝✐r❝✉♠st❛♥❝❡s ♦❢
❜✐rt❤✳ ❖♥ ❛ ❜❛tt❧❡ ✜❡❧❞✱ ❤❡ ✐s ❞✐✣❝✉❧t t♦ s✉r♣❛ss✱ ❤❡ ✐s t❤❡ ♠♦st ❛❜❧❡
♦♥❡ ❛♥❞ ♥♦ ♦♥❡ ♦✈❡r❝♦♠❡s ❤✐♠✱ ❤❡ ✐s ✐♥✈✐♥❝✐❜❧❡ ❛♥❞ ✉♥❝♦♥q✉❡r❡❞✳
Indra ✐s ♥♦t t♦ ❜❡ ♦✉t♠❛t❝❤❡❞ ♦r s✉❜❞✉❡❞❀ ❤❡ ✐s ♥♦t t♦ ❜❡
✇❛r❞❡❞ ♦✛✱ ❤✐♥❞❡r❡❞✱ ♦❜str✉❝t❡❞✱ ♦r r❡str❛✐♥❡❞❀ ❤❡ ✐s ✉♥❝❤❡❝❦❡❞✳
❍❛✈✐♥❣ ✇❛②s t♦ ♣r❡✈❛✐❧✱ ❡s♣❡❝✐❛❧❧② ✐♥ ❜❛tt❧❡s✱ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ t♦ ♣r❡✈❛✐❧✱
❤❡ ✐s ♣r❡✈❛✐❧✐♥❣✳ ❍❡ ✐s ♣r❡✈❛✐❧✐♥❣ ♦✈❡r ❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣✱ ♦✈❡r ✏t❤♦s❡ t❤❛t
❞r❛✇ t♦ t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s✑✱ ❛♥❞ ♦✈❡r ❞❡♠♦♥✐❝ tr✐❜❡s❀ ❤❡ ✐s ♦✈❡r❝♦♠✐♥❣
t❤♦s❡ ✇❤♦ ✐♥t❡♥❞ t♦ ❤✉rt ❍❡ ✐s ♣r❡✈❛✐❧✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❡✈❡r② ✇❛②✱ q✉✐❝❦❧②✱
♦r ❜② ♣✉s❤✐♥❣ ❢♦r✇❛r❞✱ ❤❡ ✐s ♦✈❡r♣♦✇❡r✐♥❣✱ ♦r ♣r❡ss✐♥❣ ❢♦rt❤✒ ❛♥❞
✐rr❡s✐st✐❜❧❡❀ t❤❡r❡ ✐s ♥♦t❤✐♥❣ t❤❛t ❥✉st ❜② ♥❛t✉r❡ ❦❡❡♣s ❤✐♠ ❜❛❝❦✳
✖✕

Indra ✐s ♠❛♥❧②✱ ♦r s✉✐t❛❜❧❡✲t♦✲♠❡♥✒ ✈❡r② ♠❛♥❧②✱ ♦r ❤❡r♦✐❝✒ ❛♥❞

♠♦st ♠❛♥❧②❀ ❤❡ ❤❛s ♠❛♥❧② str❡♥❣t❤✱ ❛♥❞ ✐s ♠✐❣❤t② ✐♥ ✐t✱ ♣♦ss❡ss✐♥❣
♦❢ t❤❡ ♠❛♥❧② ♣♦✇❡rs✳ ❍❡ ❤❛s ♠✉❝❤ ❝♦✉r❛❣❡✱ ❛♥ ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥❝❡ ♦❢ ✐t✳
❍❡ ❤❛s ♠❛♥❧② ♠✐♥❞s❡t✱ ♦r ✐s ♠❛♥❧② ♠✐♥❞❡❞✳
Indra ✐s str♦♥❣✱ ♦r ❡♥❡r❣❡t✐❝✒ s❡❧❢✲str♦♥❣ ❧✐❦❡ ❛ ♠♦✉♥t❛✐♥✱ ✏t❤❡
✐r♦♥ ♦♥❡✑✳ ❍❡ ✐s str♦♥❣❡r t❤❛♥ ♠❡r❡ str❡♥❣t❤✱ ❡✈❡♥ ✐♥❥✉r✐❡s ❞♦ ♥♦t
❜❡♥❞ ❤✐♠✳
Indra ✐s ♠✐❣❤t②✱ ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥t ✇✐t❤ ♠✐❣❤t✱ ♣♦ss❡ss✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♠✐❣❤t❀ ❤❡
❝❛♥ ❜❡ s✉❝❤ t❤r♦✉❣❤ ♣♦t❡♥t ❡♥❛❜❧✐♥❣ ♣♦✇❡rs ✱ t❤r♦✉❣❤ r✉s❤❡s ♦❢
✈✐❣♦✉r ❛♥❞ ❡①❛❧t✐♥❣ ✜ts ♦❢ ❢❡r✈♦r✳ ❍❡ ❤❛s ✐♥❤❡r❡♥t ♣♦✇❡r✱ ❤❡ ✐s ❝❛✲
♣❛❜❧❡❀ ❤❡ s❡✐③❡s ♣♦✇❡r❢✉❧❧② ❛♥❞ s❤✐❡❧❞s str♦♥❣❧②✳ ❍❡ ✐s ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞
❜② ❡♥❛❜❧✐♥❣ ♣♦✇❡rs✳
❍❡ ❝❛♥ ❜❡ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥❡❞ ✇✐t❤ Soma✱ ✇✐t❤ ❝❤❛♥ts✱ ❜② r❡❝✐t✐♥❣ ❛♥❞
s✐♥❣✐♥❣✱ ✇✐t❤ ✜r❡ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣s✱ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥s✱ ❛♥❞ s♣❡❧❧s✱ ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥s✱
❛♥❞ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❣❡st✉r❡s✳ ❍✐s ♠✐❣❤t ❝❛♥ ❜❡ ❛✉❣♠❡♥t❡❞✳ ❍❡ ♣♦ss❡ss❡s
♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ str❡♥❣t❤✱ ❛♥❞ ✐s ❜♦r♥ ♦❢ ✐t✳
Indra ✐s t❤❡ ♠♦st ✈✐❣♦r♦✉s✱ ❤✐s ✈✐❣♦✉r ✐s ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥t ❛♥❞ ♦✈❡r✲
✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣❀ ❤❡ ✐s ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② ✈✐❣♦✉r✳ ❍❡ ❣✐✈❡s ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❛♥❞ ❜♦❞✲
✐❧② ❡♥❡r❣② ❍❡ ♦❜t❛✐♥s tr❛♥s❢❡rr✐♥❣ ✐ts❡❧❢ ♦✈❡r ❜❛rr✐❡rs ❧✐❢❡✲❢♦r❝❡✱ ❤❡
❤✐♠s❡❧❢ ✐s t❤❛t ❢♦r❝❡ ✐♥s✐❞❡ deva✲s ❛♥❞ ♠♦rt❛❧s✳ ■♥ ❛❞✈❡rs✐t②✱ ❤❡ ❝r❡✲
❛t❡s ♦r ✜♥❞s ✇✐❞❡ ♠❡♥t❛❧ s♣❛❝❡✳ ❍❡ ❣✐✈❡s t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r ♦❢ ❞✐s❝❡r♥♠❡♥t
❛♥❞ ♣r❡s❡♥ts ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ♣❧❛♥s✳
Indra ♣♦ss❡ss❡s t❤♦✉s❛♥❞✲❢♦❧❞ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱ ❡♠♣❧♦②s ✐t✱ ❛♥❞ ✐s
 ✶✸✸✺

t❤❡ ♠❛st❡r✱ ♦r ♦✈❡rs❡❡r✱ ♦❢ ✐t✳ ❍❡ ✐s ❜❡st ❛t ♦❜t❛✐♥✐♥❣ ✐t✱ s❡❡❦s t♦

♣r♦❝✉r❡ ✐t✱ ❛♥❞ ✐s ❜❡st ❛t ❣✐✈✐♥❣ ✐t t♦ t❤❡ ♦♥❡ ✇❤♦ ❞❡s✐r❡s ✐t ✖ ❤❡
❣r❛♥ts✱ ♦r ❜❡st♦✇s✱ t❤❡ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r t♦ ❤✐s ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡rs✳
Indra ❤❛s ❣❡♥✉✐♥❡ ❢❡r✈♦r✱ ♦r ③❡❛❧✒ ♣❛rt✐❝✉❧❛r❧② ❢♦r ❛ ❜❛tt❧❡❀ ✐t
✐s ❡♥❝♦✉r❛❣❡❞ ❜② t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤✱ ❛♥❞ ✐s ✉♥r❡♣✉❧s❛❜❧❡✳
Indra ❤❛s ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥❝❡ ♦❢ ✐t✳
❖♥❡ ♦❢ Indra✬s ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❡✛❡❝t✐♥❣ ❛ ❝❤❛♥❣❡ ✐s ❢r❡♥③②✳ ❯s✐♥❣
✐t Indra s❤❛tt❡rs ❛♥❣❡r✱ ✐s ✐♥ ❝❤❛r❣❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡✱ ✐♥ ❝❤❛r❣❡ ♦❢
❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣✳ ❍❡ ♣r♦♣s ✉♣ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ✇✐t❤ ✐t✱ ❛♥❞ ♣r❡❞♦♠✐♥❛t❡s
❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❡❞✳ ❍✐s ❢r❡♥③② ✐s ❞❛r✐♥❣ ❛♥❞ ❤❡❧♣✐♥❣✲✐♥✲❞✐r❡✲
str❛✐❣❤ts✳
Indra ✐s ❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s✱ ❛♥❞ ✇❛s ❜♦r♥ ❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s✳ ❍❡ ✐s ❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s ✇✐t❤
❤✐s ❛r♠s ❛♥❞ ❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s t❤r♦✉❣❤ ❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s ♣♦✇❡r✲t♦✲❝❤❛♥❣❡❀ ✐♥ ❡✈❡r②
❛❝t✐♦♥ ❤❡ ✐s ❧✐❦❡ ❛ str♦♥❣ ❛♥❞ ❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s ❜✉❧❧✳ ❍❡ ✐s t❤❡ ✜❡r❝❡st ♦♥❡✳
❍❡ ✐s ❛❧s♦ t❡rr✐❢②✐♥❣✱ ♦r ❢❡❛rs♦♠❡✳
✖✕

Indra ❣✉❛r❞s ❛♥❞ ♣r♦t❡❝ts ♠❡♥✳ ❍❡ ✐s t❤❡ ♦♥❧② ♦♥❡ ❛♠♦♥❣ deva✲
s ✇❤♦ ❞❡❢❡♥❞s ♠♦rt❛❧s❀ ❤❡ ✐s ❛ ✇❛♥❞❡r✐♥❣ ♣r♦t❡❝t♦r ♦❢ tr♦♦♣s✳ ❍❡
✐s ❛ str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞✱ ❤❡ ✐s ❛✛♦r❞✐♥❣ ❣♦♦❞ ♣r♦t❡❝t✐♦♥✱ ❤❡ s❤✐❡❧❞s str♦♥❣❧②✳
❍❡ ❝❛♥ ♣r♦t❡❝t ❢r♦♠ ❤❛tr❡❞✱ ❢r♦♠ ❛♥①✐❡t②✱ ❤❡ ❞❡❢❡♥❞s ❡♥❥♦②♠❡♥t
❛♥❞ t❤r✐✈✐♥❣❀ ❤❡ ✐s ❛❧s♦ t❤❡ ♣r♦t❡❝t♦r ♦❢ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥✳
Indra ❤❡❧♣s ✐♥ ❞✐r❡ str❛✐❣❤ts ✱ ❤❡ ✐s ❛ ❞❡❢❡♥❞❡r❀ ❛❧t❤♦✉❣❤ ❛♠❛ss✲
✐♥❣ ♦❜st❛❝❧❡s ❢♦r ❤✐♠s❡❧❢✱ ❤❡ ❝❛rr✐❡s ❤✐s ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡rs ❛❝r♦ss ♦❜st❛❝❧❡s✱
❤❡ ✐s ❛ ❞❡❧✐✈❡r❡r✳ Indra ♣r❛✐s❡s ❤✐s ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡rs ❜② ❛ss✐st✐♥❣ t❤❡♠✱ ❤❡
✐s ❜❡st ❛t ❛ss✐st✐♥❣✱ t❤❡ ♠❛st❡r ♦❢ ♠✐❣❤t② ❛ss✐st❛♥❝❡ ❛♥❞ ❛ ♠❛st❡r
♦❢ r❡✐♥❢♦r❝❡♠❡♥t✱ ❤❡ ✐s ❛ ❤❡❧♣❡r ✇❤♦ ✐s t♦ ❜❡ ❝❛❧❧❡❞ ✉♣♦♥ ✏✐♥ s❤❛❧✲
❧♦✇s✱ ❛♥❞ ✐♥ ❞❡♣t❤s✑❀ ❤✐s ❤❡❧♣ ❞♦❡s ♥♦t ❤♦❧❞ ❜❛❝❦ t❤♦s❡ ✇❤♦ ❛r❡
❧✐❦❡✲♠✐♥❞❡❞ t♦ ❤✐♠✳ ❍❡ ✐s ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② ❡♥❛❜❧✐♥❣ ♣♦✇❡rs ❛♥❞ ✐s
❡♠♣♦✇❡r✐♥❣✳ ❍❡ ❝❛♥ ❛❧s♦ ❜❡ ❞✐✣❝✉❧t t♦ ❡♥❞✉r❡✱ ♦♣♣r❡ss✐✈❡✱ ♦r ❡✈❡♥
❞❡♣r❡ss✐♥❣✳
✖✕

Indra r❡s✐❞❡s ✐♥ t❤❡ ❜♦❞② ❛♥❞ ❢❛s❤✐♦♥s ✐t ❛❝❝♦r❞✐♥❣ t♦ ❤✐s ✇✐s❤❡s❀

t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤ ❛❞❛♣t t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s t♦ Indra✬s q✉❛❧✐t✐❡s✳ ❍❡
✐s str♦♥❣✲♥❡❝❦❡❞✱ ❢❛t✲❜❡❧❧✐❡❞✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ str♦♥❣ ❛r♠s✱ ❜r♦❛❞ ❢♦r❡❛r♠s✱
❧❛r❣❡ ❛r♠s✱ ❧❛r❣❡ ❤❛♥❞s✳ ❍✐s ❤❛♥❞ ✐s ❧✐❦❡ ❛♥ ❛rr♦✇ ✇❤❡♥ ✐t str✐❦❡s❀
❤❡ ✐s ❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s ✇✐t❤ ❤✐s ❛r♠s✳ ❍❡ ♠✐❣❤t ❤❛✈❡ ❣♦❧❞❡♥ ❜❡❛r❞✱ ❣♦❧❞❡♥
❤❛✐r✱ ❛♥❞✱ ♣r♦❜❛❜❧②✱ ❣♦❧❞❡♥ ♠✉st❛❝❤❡✱ ❜✉t ❤❡ ❜❡❧♦♥❣s t♦ ❡✈❡r② ♠❛♥✳
Indra ✐s ❛ ❞r✐✈❡r ♦❢ ✐♥♥❡r ✇❛t❡rs ❍❡ r❡❧❡❛s❡s t❤❡♠✱ ✏❞✐❣s ♦✉t✑
❝❤❛♥♥❡❧s ❢♦r t❤❡♠✱ ✏r❛✐♥s✑ t❤❡♠ ✉♣✇❛r❞s✳ ❍❡ ♣✐❧❡s ✉♣ ♣✉❧s❛t✐♦♥s ♦❢
❜❧♦♦❞ t❤r♦✉❣❤♦✉t t❤❡ ❜♦❞②✳ ❍❡ ✐s ✐♥ ❝❤❛r❣❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ t✇♦ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s✱
✶✸✸✻

❤❡ ✐s t❤❡✐r ❞r✐✈❡r✱ t❤❡② ❛r❡ ❞❡❛r t♦ ❤✐♠✳ ❍❡ ✐s ❛❜❧❡ t♦ r✐✈❛❧ ❛❧❧ s❡✈❡♥
❝❛❦r❛s ❛♥❞ ♠❛❦❡ t❤❡♠ ❛❝❝❡♣t ❤✐♠✳
✖✕

❚♦✇❛r❞s ❤✐s ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡rs ❛♥❞ ❛❞❡♣ts Indra ✐s ❜❡♥❡✈♦❧❡♥t✱ ❛❣r❡❡✲

❛❜❧❡✱ ❛♥❞ ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧❀ ❤✐s ❜❡♥❡✈♦❧❡♥❝❡ ✐s ❤❡❧♣❢✉❧❀ ❤❡ ✐s t❤❡✐r ❤❡❧♣❢✉❧
❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥ ❛♥❞ ♣r♦♠♦t❡r✳ ❍❡ ✐s ❝♦♠♣❛ss✐♦♥❛t❡✱ ❛♥❞ s❤♦✇s ❝♦♠✲
♣❛ss✐♦♥ t♦✇❛r❞s ✐♥✇❛r❞❧②✲❡①❝✐t❡❞ ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡rs✱ ❜✉t ❤❡ ✐s ❛ ❧❛❝❦✐♥❣
♣✐t② ❤❡r♦ ✐♥ ❛ ❜❛tt❧❡✳ ❍❡ ❧✐st❡♥s ✇✐❧❧✐♥❣❧② t♦ t❤❡♠✱ ❤❡ ❤❛s ❡❛rs t❤❛t
❤❡❛r❀ ❤❡ ❤❡❛rs s✉♠♠♦♥s✱ ✐♥✈♦❝❛t✐♦♥s✱ ❛♥❞ sā´man✲s✱ ❛♥❞ ✐s q✉✐❝❦ t♦
❤❡❛r✳
Indra ✐s t❤❡ ♦✇♥❡r ♦❢ s✉❜st❛♥t✐❛❧ ✈❛st ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧ tr❡❛s✉r❡ ❛♥❞ ✐s
t❤❡ ♦♥❧② ♦♥❡ t♦ ❝♦♠♠❛♥❞ ✐t✳ ❍❡ ♣r♦❞✉❝❡s ✐t✱ ✐♥❝r❡❛s❡s ❛♥❞ ❡♠✐ts ✐t
❛❜✉♥❞❛♥t❧②❀ ❤❡✱ ❜❡✐♥❣ ❛ ♣r✐♠♦r❞✐❛❧ ②♦❦❡♠❛t❡ ♦❢ tr❡❛s✉r❡s✱ ❝❛rr✐❡s
✐t ❛❝r♦ss✳ Indra ✐s t❤❡ ❣✐✈❡r ♦❢ t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡❀ ❤❡ ♣✉ts ✐t ✐♥t♦ ❤✐s
✇♦rs❤✐♣❡rs✳
Indra ❤❛s t❤❡ ❢♦✉♥❞❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ tr❡❛s✉r❡s ❛♥❞ ❝♦♥tr♦❧s ❛❧❧ ❡❛rt❤❧②
❜❡♥❡✜ts❀ ❤❡ ❤❛s ✉♥t♦❧❞ ✇❡❛❧t❤✳ ❍❡ ❤❛s ♠❛♥② ❜❡♥❡✜ts ❛♥❞ ❤✉♥✲
❞r❡❞ ❜♦✉♥t✐❡s ❢♦r ❤✐s ♣r❛✐s❡rs✳ ❍❡ ✐s ❛♥ ❛❜♦✉♥❞✐♥❣✲✐♥✲❣♦❧❞ s♣r✐♥❣✱
❛ ❢♦✉♥t❛✐♥ ♦❢ ❜❡♥❡✜ts✳ ❍✐s ❜❡♥❡✜ts ❛r❡ ♥♦❜❧❡❀ s♦♠❡ ♦❢ ❤✐s ❜❡♥❡✲
✜ts ❛r❡ ❡✈✐❞❡♥t✱ s♦♠❡ ❛r❡ ❤✐❞❞❡♥✳ Indra ✐s t❤❡ ♠❛st❡r ♦❢ ✇❤❛t✬s
❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧ ❛♥❞ ♦✈❡rs❡❡r ♦❢ t❤❡ ❜❡♥❡✜t ♦❢ ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧ t❤✐♥❣s✳ ❚♦❣❡t❤❡r
✇✐t❤ Br.haspati ❤❡ ✐s ❝♦♠♠❛♥❞✐♥❣ ❝❡❧❡st✐❛❧ ❛♥❞ ❡❛rt❤❧② r✐❝❤❡s✳ ❍❡
✐s ❡♥❞♦✇❡❞ ✇✐t❤ ✇❤❛t✬s ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧✱ ❦♥♦✇s ✇❤❛t✬s ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧❀ ❤❡ ✐s
✜♥❞✐♥❣ ✐t✱ ❛♥✐♠❛t✐♥❣✱ ❛♥❞ ❛rr❛♥❣✐♥❣ ✐t❀ ❤❡ ✐s ✐♥ ❝❤❛r❣❡ ♦❢ ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧
t❤✐♥❣s✳
Indra ✐s ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s✳ ❍❡ ✐s t❤❡ ♠♦st ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ❣✐✈❡r ♦❢ ❜❡♥❡✜ts✱ ❛
❧✐❜❡r❛❧ ❣✐✈❡r ♦❢ ♠✉❝❤✱ ❧✐❜❡r❛❧❧② ❣r❛♥t✐♥❣ ✇❤❛t✬s ❧♦✈❡❧② ❛♥❞ ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧✳
❍❡ ✐s ❞❡s✐r✐♥❣ t♦ ❣✐✈❡ ❛♥❞ ✐s ✈❡r② ❤❡❧♣❢✉❧✱ ❛♥ ✉♥❤❡s✐t❛t✐♥❣ ❣✐✈❡r✳
❍❡ ✐s t❤❡ ♠♦st ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s ♦♥❡ t♦ ❛ ♠♦rt❛❧ ♦♥ ❛ ❥♦✉r♥❡②✳ ❍❡
❜❡st♦✇s ✉♥♠❡❛s✉r❡❞ ❜❡♥❡✜ts ❛♥❞ ✐s t♦ ❜❡ ❝❛❧❧❡❞ ✉♣♦♥ ✐♥ ❡✈❡r②
❜❛tt❧❡✳ ❍❡ ✐s q✉✐❝❦ t♦ ❤❡❛r ❤✐s ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡r✬s r❡q✉❡sts ❛♥❞ ✐s ❡❛s② t♦
s✉♠♠♦♥❀ ✇❤❛t ♦♥❡ ❞❡s✐r❡s ♦❢ Indra✱ ❤❡ ❝♦♠♠❛♥❞s t❤❛t ❛♥❞ ❜❡st♦✇s
✐t❀ ❤❡ ❣✐✈❡s ❜♦✉♥t✐❢✉❧❧② ❛♥❞ ❡♥❡r❣❡t✐❝❛❧❧②✳ ❍❡ ❣✐✈❡s s♣♦✐❧s✱ ❞✐✈✐❞❡s
❛♥❞ ❞✐str✐❜✉t❡s ✇❡❛❧t❤✳
Indra ❤❛s ♠❛♥② ❣✐❢ts ❛♥❞ t❤❡② ❛r❡ ❛✉s♣✐❝✐♦✉s✳ ❖♥❡ ♦❢ ❤✐s ❣✐❢ts ✐s
❛ ♣❛rt✐❝✉❧❛r t②♣❡ ♦❢ ❜r❡❛t❤✳ ❆♥♦t❤❡r ✐s ❛ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱ ❛♥♦t❤❡r ✖
✐♥♥❡r ✇❛t❡rs✳ Indra ❣✐✈❡s ♣❤②s✐❝❛❧ str❡♥❣t❤✱ ✐♥❢✉s❡s str❡♥❣t❤ ✐♥t♦
❛♥ ❛❝t✐♦♥✱ ✐♥✈✐❣♦r❛t✐♥❣ ❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣✳ ❍❡ ✐s ❛♥ ❛❧✇❛②s✲str❡♥❣t❤❡♥✐♥❣
♦♥❡✱ ✐♥ ❤✐♠ ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡rs ❣r♦✇ str♦♥❣❡r✳ Indra ✐♥❝✐t❡s ❛♥❞ ❣✐✈❡s ♦✈❡r✲
✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ str❡♥❣t❤✱ ❤❡ ✐s ❝✉❧t✐✈❛t❡❞ ❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✲
✐♥❣ str❡♥❣t❤✳ ❍❡ ♥♦✉r✐s❤❡s s✐♥❣❡rs✱ ❣✐✈❡s ❧✐❜❛t✐♦♥s✱ ❡t❝✳ ❚❤❡r❡ ✐s
 ✶✸✸✼

♥♦ ♦❜str✉❝t✐♥❣ ❤✐s ❣✐❢ts✳ Indra ❤❛s ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ♦r ❡✈❡♥ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞ ✇❛②s

♦r ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❤❡❧♣✐♥❣✳ ❍❡ ❧❡❛❞s ❜❡②♦♥❞ ❤❛tr❡❞s✱ ❛♥❞ ❦❡❡♣s ❤♦st✐❧✐t②
❛♥❞ ❛♥①✐❡t② ❛✇❛② ❢r♦♠ ❤✐s ❛❞❡♣ts✳ Indra ❡✛❡❝ts s✉♣♣♦rt ❛♥❞ t✉r♥s
❛✇❛② ♦❜st❛❝❧❡s✳ ❍❡ ❤❡❧♣s ❜② ❡♥❛❜❧✐♥❣✱ ❤❡ ✐s ❡♠♣♦✇❡r✐♥❣❀ ❤❡ r❡♥❞❡rs
♦♥❡ ❝♦♠♣❡t❡♥t❀ ❤✐s s✐❞❡✲❡✛❡❝ts ❞♦ ♥♦t t❛♣❡r ♦✛✳
Indra ❤❛s t❤❡ ♠♦st ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱ ❤✐s ✐♠♣✉❧s❡ t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡ ❝❛♥
♥♦t ❜❡ ❞❡✜❡❞ ✖ ❤❡ ✐s ❛ ♠❛st❡r ❛♥❞ ♦✈❡rs❡❡r ♦❢ ✐t✳ Indra ❝❤❛♥❣❡s
♣♦✇❡r❢✉❧❧②✳ ❍❡ ♣✉ts ❧✐❣❤t ✐♥t♦ t❤❡ s✉♥✱ ❜❡❣❡ts t❤❡ ❙✉♥ ❛♥❞ t❤❡
❉❛✇♥✱ ✐♠♣r❡❣♥❛t❡s t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥✱ t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤✱ ❛♥❞ st❛❧❡ str❡❛♠s✱ ❡t❝✳
✖✕

Indra r❡❛❧❧② ❢❛✈♦rs t❤♦s❡ ✇❤♦ ❤♦♥♦r ❤✐♠✱ ✇❤♦ ❛r❡ ✇✐t❤ ❛♥ ♦✛❡r✲
✐♥❣✳ ❍❡ ❣✐✈❡s t♦ ❤✐s ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡rs s❛t✐s❢❛❝t✐♦♥ ♦❢ t❤❡✐r ❞❡s✐r❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❤✐s
s❛t✐s❢❛❝t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ♦♥❡✬s ❞❡s✐r❡ ✐s r❡❛❧✳ Indra ❣✐✈❡s ❢r✐❡♥❞s✱ ❛♥❞ ❝r❡❛t❡s
❧✐♥❡❛❣❡s ♦❢ ✇❛rr✐♦rs✳
Indra ✐s ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ♦r ❛tt❡♥❞❡❞ ❜② ❛ tr♦♦♣ ♦❢ Marut✲s ❛♥❞
❛❝ts ✐♥ ❤❛r♠♦♥② ✇✐t❤ t❤❡♠✳ ❍❡ ❛❧s♦ ♠✐❣❤t ❜❡ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜②
deva✲s✳ ❚♦ ❤✐s ❛❞❡♣ts✱ Indra ✐s ❛ ❞❡str♦②✐♥❣✲r❡❛❝t✐✈❡✲✐♠♣✉❧s✐✈❡♥❡ss
❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥✱ ❛♥ ✐♥s♣✐r✐♥❣ t♦✲❜❡✲♣r❛✐s❡❞✲✐♥✲✈❡rs❡s ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥✱ ❛ ❜❡❛r✲
✐♥❣ ❢✉❧❧♥❡ss ②♦❦❡♠❛t❡ ✇✐t❤ ♠❡❛♥s t♦ ❤❡❧♣✳ ❍❡ ✐s ❛ ♣r♦♠♦t❡r ❛♥❞ ❛
❤❡❧♣❡r ♦❢ ❤✐s ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s❀ ❤✐s ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥ ✐s ♥❡✐t❤❡r s❧❛②❡❞✱ ♥♦r ❡✈❡r
♦✈❡r♣♦✇❡r❡❞✳ Indra ✐s ✈❡r② s❡❧❡❝t✐✈❡ ✇❤♦s❡ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥ ❤❡ ❜❡❝♦♠❡s✳
❍❡ ❛✈♦✐❞s ♥♦♥✲♣r❡ss✐♥❣✲Soma ♠❛♥✱ s♦♠❡♦♥❡ ❡♥✈✐♦✉s✱ ❛ ✇❡❛❧t❤② ♥✐❣✲
❣❛r❞✱ ♦r s♦♠❡♦♥❡ ✇❤♦ ❣r❡✇ ❜✐❣ ✇✐t❤ s❡❧❢✲✐♠♣♦rt❛♥❝❡❀ ❤❡ ✐s ❛ ❝♦♠✲
♣❛♥✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❡♥t❤✉s✐❛sts✱ ♦❢ t❤♦s❡ ✇❤♦ ♣r❡ss Soma✱ ♦❢ ❡①t♦❧❧✐♥❣ ❤✐♠
♠❡♥✳ ❍❡ ❢❛✈♦✉rs ❧♦♥❡rs ✖ ❡✈❡♥ t✇♦ ♠❡♥ ✇❤♦ ♠♦✉♥t❡❞ t❤❡ s❛♠❡
❝❤❛r✐♦t ❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥ ❤✐♠ s❡♣❛r❛t❡❧②✳ ■❢ ❛♥ ❛❞❡♣t ❞♦❡s ♥♦t ♣❡r❢♦r♠
❤❡r♦✐❝ ❞❡❡❞s ❢♦r ❛ ❧♦♥❣ t✐♠❡✱ Indra ♣❛ss❡s t♦ ❛♥♦t❤❡r✳
Indra ✐s ❛ ❧♦♥❡❧② deva✱ ❛♥❞ ❞♦❡s ♥♦t ✇✐s❤ ✏t♦ ❣❛✐♥ ❛ ❢♦♦t✐♥❣✑
t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ✜✈❡ ♦r t❡♥ ♦t❤❡r deva✲s✳ ❍❡ ❤❛s ♥♦ ❜r♦t❤❡rs✲✐♥✲❛r♠s
❛♥❞ ♥♦ ❛❧❧✐❡s❀ ❤❡ ✐s ❛♥ ♦✉t❝❛st✱ ❤❡ ✐s ❢♦r❡✈❡r ✇✐t❤♦✉t ❛ ♥❡st✳
✖✕

Indra ✐s ❛ ♠✉❝❤✲✐♥✈♦❦❡❞ ♦♥❡❀ ❤❡ ❤❛s t♦ ❜❡ s✉♠♠♦♥❡❞ ♦r ❝❛❧❧❡❞

✉♣♦♥ ✐♥ t✐♠❡s ♦❢ ♣❡❛❝❡ ❛♥❞ ✐♥ t✐♠❡s ♦❢ ✇❛r✳ ■t ✐s ❤✐♠ ✇❤♦♠ t❤♦s❡
✇❤♦ ❛r❡ s✉rr♦✉♥❞❡❞ ✐♥ ❛ ❝♦♠❜❛t ❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥❀ ❤❡ ✐s ❝❛❧❧❡❞ ✉♣♦♥ ❜②
t❤♦s❡ ✇❤♦ ❛r❡ ❢❡✇✱ ❛♥❞ t❤♦s❡ ✇❤♦ ❛r❡ ♠❛♥②✳ ❍❡ ✐s t♦ ❜❡ ✐♠♣❧♦r❡❞
❛♥❞ ✐s ✈❡r②✲✇❡❧❝♦♠❡❞ ✖ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ ❤❡❧♣ ❡❛rt❤❧✐♥❣s ❞❡s✐r❡ t♦ ♣❛rt❛❦❡
❤✐s ♥❛t✉r❡✳
Indra ✐s s♦✉❣❤t ✇✐t❤ ✈❡rs❡s ❛♥❞ ✐s ❝♦♥✈❡②❡❞ ✇✐t❤ ✈❡rs❡s✳ ❍❡ ✐s
❞❡❧✐❣❤t❡❞ ❜② r❡❝✐t❡❞ ✈❡rs❡s✱ ❛♥❞ q✉✐✈❡rs ✇✐t❤ Gāyatrı̄ ✈❡rs❡s✳ ❍❡ ✐s
❝❧❡❛♥s❡❞ ❛♥❞ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥❡❞ ❜② ❢❛✉❧t❧❡ss r❡❝✐t❡❞ ✈❡rs❡s ❛♥❞ sāman✲s✳
✶✸✸✽

❍❡ ✐s ❛❧s♦ ❝♦♥✈❡②❡❞ ❜② ❝❤❛♥ts ❛♥❞ ❧♦♥❣s ❢♦r t❤❡♠✳

Indra ✐s ❝♦♥✈❡②❡❞ ❛♥❞ ✐♠♣❡❧❧❡❞ ❜② ❛ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥✱ ❛♥❞ ✐s ❜❡st
❝♦♥✈❡②❡❞ ❜② ❛ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥✳ ❍❡ ✐s ❛❧s♦ ❛ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t♦r ❤✐♠s❡❧❢✳
✖✕

Indra ❧♦♥❣s ❢♦r ❢❛♠❡ ✖ ❛♥❞ ✐s ❢❛♠❡❞ ❛❜♦✈❡ ❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣✱ ❢❛♠❡❞

❜② s❡❡rs ❢r♦♠ ❛♥❝✐❡♥t t✐♠❡s✳ ❍❡ ✐s ❤❡❛r❞✲♦❢✲❢❛r✲❛♥❞✲✇✐❞❡✱ ❢❛♠❡❞✱
❢❛♠♦✉s✱ ♠❛❞❡ ❢❛♠♦✉s ✇✐t❤ s♦♥❣s✳ ❍❡ ✐s ❛ttr❛❝t✐♥❣ ❛❞♠✐r❛t✐♦♥ ❛♥❞
❝❛✉s✐♥❣✲❥♦② ✐♥ ❤✐s ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡rs✳ ❍❡ ✐s ❡st❡❡♠❡❞ ❜② t❤❡♠ ❛♥❞ ❜②
♣❡♦♣❧❡ ✐♥ ❣❡♥❡r❛❧✳
❍❡ ✐s t♦ ❜❡ ♣r❡❢❡rr❡❞ t♦ ❛❧❧ ♦t❤❡rs❀ ❤✐s ❛❞❡♣ts ❤❛s ♥♦t ❢♦✉♥❞
❛♥②♦♥❡ ♠♦r❡ ✇♦rt❤② t❤❛♥ ❤✐♠✳ ❋♦r t❤❡♠✱ ❤❡ ✐s ✇♦rt❤②✲❜②✲❤✐♠s❡❧❢✱
t❤❡ ♠♦st ✇♦rt❤②✲❜②✲❤✐♠s❡❧❢ ♦♥❡✳ ❖❜t❛✐♥♠❡♥t ♦❢ ❤✐♠ ✐s ❞❡s✐r❛❜❧❡✱
♦❢ ❛❧❧ t♦✲❜❡✲♦❜t❛✐♥❡❞ ♦♥❡s ❤❡ ✐s t❤❡ ♦♥❡ t♦✲❜❡✲♦❜t❛✐♥❡❞❀ ❤❡ ❞r❛✇s
❡✈❡r②♦♥❡ t♦✇❛r❞s ❤✐♠s❡❧❢ ✖ ❤✐s ❛❞❡♣t ❧♦♥❣s ❢♦r ❤✐♠ ❛s ❛ ②♦✉♥❣
♠❛♥ ❧♦♥❣s ❢♦r ❛ ♠❛✐❞❡♥✳
Indra ✐s ✇♦rt❤② ♦❢ ✇♦rs❤✐♣✱ ✇♦rt❤② ♦❢ ❛ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡✱ t❤❡ ❢♦r❡♠♦st
♦♥❡ ♦❢ ✇♦rt❤②✲♦❢✲s❛❝r✐✜❝❡ ♦♥❡s✳ ❍❡ ✐s ✇♦rt❤② t♦ ❜❡ ♣r❛✐s❡❞ t♦ ♠❡♥
✇✐t❤ ✈❡rs❡s✳ ❍❡ ✐s ♣r❛✐s❡✇♦rt❤② ❛♥❞ ❤✐❣❤❧② ♣r❛✐s❡❞✱ ♦r ♠❡♥t✐♦♥❡❞
✇✐t❤ ♣r❛✐s❡✳
❚❤❡ st❛t❡ ♦❢ Indra ✐s ❢♦r ❛tt❛✐♥✐♥❣ ❢❛♠❡✱ ❤❡ ✐s ❛♥ ✐♥❝✐t❡r t♦ ❢❛♠❡✳
❋❛♠❡ ♦❢ ❛♥ Indra ❛❞❡♣t st❛♥❞s ♦✉t ❛♠♦♥❣ tr✐❜❡s✳
 ✶✸✸✾

❆♣♣❡♥❞✐① ❇✿ ◆❛♠❡s ❛♥❞ ❡♣✐t❤❡ts ♦❢ Indra

❚❤❡ ♠♦st ❢r❡q✉❡♥t ♥❛♠❡s ❛♥❞ ❡♣✐t❤❡ts Indra ❛r❡✿

❣❡♥❡r♦✉s
❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♠♦st ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡
❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❞✐r❡❝t ✐♠♣❛❝t
❜✉❧❧✱ ❛♣♣❡❛r✐♥❣ ❛s ❛ ❜✉❧❧✱ r❡s❡♠❜❧✐♥❣ ❛ ❜✉❧❧
t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲✇✐❡❧❞❡r✱ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲❜❡❛r❡r✱ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲✐♥✲❤❛♥❞
st♦♥❡✲✇✐❡❧❞❡r
❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ✇✐❧❡s✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❣♦♦❞ ❞❡s✐❣♥s
Soma✲❞r✐♥❦❡r
Vr.tra✲s❧❛②❡r
str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞✲❜r❡❛❦❡r
♣r❡✈❛✐❧✐♥❣
❤❡r♦
♠❛st❡r✱ ♦✈❡rs❡❡r
❝❤✐❡❢t❛✐♥
❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s
❞❛r✐♥❣
♠✐❣❤t②
❛❝❝♦♠♣❧✐s❤✐♥❣ ✇♦♥❞❡r❢✉❧ ❞❡❡❞s
s❡❧❡❝t✐✈❡
❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s
❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② Marut✲s
❡♠♣♦✇❡r✐♥❣✱ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② ❡♥❛❜❧✐♥❣ ♣♦✇❡rs
❤❡❧♣✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❞✐r❡ str❛✐❣❤ts
❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧
❡①❛❧t✐♥❣
❧♦♥❣✐♥❣ ❢♦r ❛ ❝❤❛♥t
♠✉❝❤ ✐♥✈♦❦❡❞
♠✉❝❤ ❡✉❧♦❣✐③❡❞✳
✶✸✹✵

❇❡❧♦✇ ❛r❡ ♥❛♠❡s ❛♥❞ ❡♣✐t❤❡ts ♦❢ Indra ✭♠♦st ♦❢ t❤❡♠✮ ❣r♦✉♣❡❞ ✐♥t♦
s❡♠❛♥t✐❝ ❝❧✉st❡rs✳
deva✿ asura✱ ❛❧❧✲❞✐✈✐♥❡✱ ❞✐✈✐♥❡✱ t❤❡ ❜❡st✲❛♠♦♥❣✲♠❛♥② ♦❢ ♠❛♥②
deva✲s
✐♠♠♦rt❛❧✿ ❛♥❝✐❡♥t✱ ♣r✐♠♦r❞✐❛❧✱ ✉♥❛❣✐♥❣✱ ✉♥❞❡❝❛②✐♥❣✱ ❡♥❞✉r✐♥❣✱
②♦✉♥❣✱ ②♦✉t❤✱ ②♦✉t❤❢✉❧
Soma ❞r✐♥❦❡r✿ tr✉❡ Soma✲❞r✐♥❦❡r✱ ❜❡st ❞r✐♥❦❡r ♦❢ Soma✱ ✇✐s❤✐♥❣
t♦ ❞r✐♥❦
❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② Marut✲s✿ ❛tt❡♥❞❡❞ ❜② t❤❡ Marut✲s
Vr.tra✲s❧❛②❡r✿ ❜❡st s❧❛②❡r ♦❢ Vr.tra✱ t❤❡ ❜❡st ❛t s❧❛②✐♥❣ Vr.tra
s❧❛②❡r ♦❢ ❤♦st✐❧❡s✿ s♥❛❦❡✲s❧❛②❡r✱ ❞❡❢❡❛t✐♥❣ ❛❞✈❡rs❛r✐❡s
str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞✲❜r❡❛❦❡r✿ ❞❡♠♦❧✐s❤❡r ♦❢ str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞s✱ t❡❛r✐♥❣ ♦♣❡♥ t❤❡
str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞s✱ ✇❤♦ ❜r❡❛❦s ♦♣❡♥ str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞s✱ ❝❛✉s✐♥❣ t♦
❢❛❧❧ ✇❤❛t ✐s ✉♥s❤❛❦❛❜❧❡
❝❤✐❡❢t❛✐♥✿ ❦✐♥❣✱ ❧❡❛❞❡r✱ ❝❡❧❡st✐❛❧ ❝♦♠♠❛♥❞❡r✱ ❝♦♠♠❛♥❞✐♥❣✱ ❣♦✈✲
❡r♥✐♥❣✱ ❥♦✐♥t r✉❧❡r
♦✈❡rs❡❡r✿ ♦✈❡rs❡❡r ♦❢ ✇❤❛t ✐s ♦r t♦ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ r❡❛❧✱ ♦✈❡rs❡❡r ♦❢ Soma✱
♦✈❡rs❡❡r ♦❢ ❜❡♥❡✜ts✱ ♦✈❡rs❡❡r ♦❢ ❣✐❢ts✱ ♦✈❡rs❡❡r ♦❢ ✇❤❛t✬s
❜❡♥❡✜❝❡♥t✱ ♦✈❡rs❡❡r ♦❢ t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡✱ ♦✈❡rs❡❡r ♦❢ ❝♦✇s✱
♦✈❡rs❡❡r ♦❢ ❤♦rs❡s✱ ♦✈❡rs❡❡r ♦❢ ♠❡♥✱ ♦✈❡rs❡❡r ♦❢ ✜❣❤t✐♥❣
♠❛t❝❤❡s
♠❛st❡r✿ ♠❛st❡r ♦❢ r✉s❤❡s ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱ ♠❛st❡r ♦❢ t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s✱ ♠❛st❡r
♦❢ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱ ♠❛st❡r ♦❢ ♠✐❣❤t② ❛ss✐st❛♥❝❡✱
♠❛st❡r ♦❢ ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s✱ ♠❛st❡r ♦❢ s♣♦♥t❛♥❡✐t②✱
♠❛st❡r ♦❢ q✉✐❝❦ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❧✐s❤♠❡♥t ♦❢ ♦♥❡✬s ❞❡s✐r❡s✱ ♠❛st❡r
♦❢ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❧✐s❤♠❡♥t ♦❢ ♦♥❡✬s ❞❡s✐r❡s
❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✿ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❞✐r❡❝t ✐♠♣❛❝t✱ ❞✐r❡❝t❧② ✐♠♣❛❝t✐♥❣✱ ♠❛❦✐♥❣
✐♠♣❛❝t
♠❛st❡r ♦❢ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✿ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♠♦st ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱
❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱ ❡♥❞♦✇❡❞ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r
t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱ ❝❤❛♥❣✐♥❣ ♣♦✇❡r❢✉❧❧②
s❡❧❢✲r✉❧✐♥❣✿ s❡❧❢✲❞❡t❡r♠✐♥✐♥❣✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r ♦❢ s❡❧❢✲❞❡t❡r♠✐♥❛t✐♦♥✱
♥♦t ❜❡♥❞✐♥❣ t♦ ♦t❤❡r✬s ✇✐❧❧✱ ♥♦t ❣✐✈✐♥❣ ✇❛②✱ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ ❤✐s
♦✇♥ ✇❛②✱ ❛❧♦♥❡
 ✶✸✹✶

❜❡✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❝❤❛r❣❡✿ ✐♥✲❝♦♥tr♦❧✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r ♦❢ ❝♦♥tr♦❧✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❤❡

♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝♦♥tr♦❧✱ ✜❧❧❡❞ ✇✐t❤ ♣♦✇❡rs t♦ ❝♦♥tr♦❧
♠❛♥✐❢♦❧❞✿ ✇✐t❤♦✉t ❛ ♠❡❛s✉r❡✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ♠✉❝❤✱ ✇✐❞❡✲r❛♥❣✐♥❣✱ ❛❧❧✲
♣❡r✈❛❞✐♥❣ ♦♥❡✱ ✉♥❜♦✉♥❞❡❞✱ ❡①tr❡♠❡
❡①t❡♥❞✐♥❣ ✇✐❞❡❧②✿ s♣❛❝✐♦✉s✱ ❡①♣❛♥s✐✈❡✱ ✜❧❧✐♥❣ t❤❡ ✐♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ s♣❛❝❡✱
❞❡❡♣✱ ❧♦❢t②✱ ❣r❡❛t
♠♦st s✇♦❧❧❡♥✿ t✇✐❝❡✲s✇♦❧❧❡♥ ♦♥❡✱ ♠❛❣♥✐✜❡❞ ❜② ❛ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦r
♥♦t t♦ ❜❡ ❧✐♠✐t❡❞✿ ♥♦t✲t♦✲❜❡✲❝♦♥str❛✐♥❡❞✱ ✇❤♦s❡ ❢❛✈♦✉r ❬✐s❪ ❞✐✣❝✉❧t
t♦ r❡str❛✐♥
t❡♥❞✐♥❣ ✉♣✇❛r❞s✿ r✐s✐♥❣ ✉♣✇❛r❞s✱ t♦ ❜❡ ❝♦♥❞✉❝t❡❞ ✉♣✇❛r❞s
❛❝❝♦♠♣❧✐s❤✐♥❣ ✇♦♥❞❡r❢✉❧ ❞❡❡❞s✿ ♣❡r❢♦r♠✐♥❣ ❛ ✇♦♥❞r♦✉s ❞❡❡❞✱ ❛s✲
t♦♥✐s❤✐♥❣✱ ♠♦st ✇♦♥❞r♦✉s
❛❝❝♦♠♣❧✐s❤✐♥❣ ♠✉❝❤✿ ❞♦❡r ♦❢ ❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣✱ ❞♦✐♥❣ ♠✉❝❤✱ ❣♦♦❞ ❛t ❞♦✲
✐♥❣✱ ✐♥❞✉str✐♦✉s
t❤❡ ♠♦st ❡①❝❡❧❧❡♥t✿ t❤❡ ✜rst ❛♠♦♥❣ ♠♦st ❡①❝❡❧❧❡♥t ♦♥❡s✱ s✉♣❡r✐♦r✱
♣❡❡r❧❡ss✱ ✐♥❝♦♠♣❛r❛❜❧❡✱ s❤✐♥✐♥❣✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ♥♦ r✐✈❛❧s✱ ✇❤♦
✐s ❥✉st ♦♥❡ ♦❢ ❛ ❦✐♥❞✱ s✉r♣❛ss✐♥❣
❜✉❧❧✿ ❛♣♣❡❛r✐♥❣ ❛s ❛ ❜✉❧❧✱ r❡s❡♠❜❧✐♥❣ ❛ ❜✉❧❧✱ ❛❝t✐♥❣ ❧✐❦❡ ❛ ❜✉❧❧✱
♠♦st ❜✉❧❧✲❧✐❦❡✱ t❤❡ ♦♥❧② ❜✉❧❧✱ t❤✐♥❦✐♥❣ ❧✐❦❡ ❛ ❜✉❧❧✱ ✇❤♦
✐s ❧✐❦❡ ❜✉❧❧ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❝❧❛♥s✱ r❛♠
♠♦st ♠❛♥❧②✿ ✈❡r② ♠❛♥❧②✱ t❤❡ ♠♦st ♠❛♥❧② ♦❢ ♠❡♥✱ ❛t✲❤♦♠❡ ✇✐t❤
♠❛♥❧② ♣♦✇❡rs✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ♠❛♥❧② ♠✐♥❞s❡t✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ♠❛♥②
♠❛♥❧② ♣♦✇❡rs✱ ♠❛♥✱ t❤❡ ♠♦st ♠❛♥❧② ✐♥ ❛ss✐st✐♥❣
❤❡r♦✿ t❤❡ ♠♦st ❤❡r♦✐❝ ♦❢ ♠❡♥✱ ✈❛❧✐❛♥t
✜❣❤t❡r✿ r❡❛❧ ✜❣❤t❡r✱ tr✉❡ ✜❣❤t❡r✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❛ ❣♦♦❞ ✜❣❤t✐♥❣ s♣✐r✐t✱
❛ss❛✐❧✐♥❣ ❛❣❛✐♥ ❛♥❞ ❛❣❛✐♥
❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥✿ ✇❤♦ ❤❛s ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s✱ ✇✐t❤ ✇❤♦♠ ❤❡r♦❡s ❛r❡✱ ❣♦♦❞ ❛❧❧②✱
❧✐❦❡✲♠✐♥❞❡❞ ♦♥❡✱ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② s❡❡rs✱ ❜r♦t❤❡r✱ s♦♥
❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ✇✐❧❡s✿ ✇❤♦s❡ ✇✐❧❡s ❛r❡ ❜r♦✉❣❤t t♦❣❡t❤❡r✱ ❦♥♦✇✐♥❣
♠❛♥② tr✐❝❦s✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ tr✐❝❦s✱ ♥♦t t♦ ❜❡ ❞❡❝❡✐✈❡❞✱
r❡s♦✉r❝❡❢✉❧✱ ✐♥✈❡♥t✐✈❡✱ ✇❤♦s❡ r❡s♦✉r❝❡❢✉❧♥❡ss ✐s ♥♦t r❡✲
♣✉❞✐❛t❡❞
✶✸✹✷

❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❣♦♦❞ ❞❡s✐❣♥s✿ ✇❤♦s❡ ❞❡s✐❣♥s ❛r❡ str❛✐❣❤t✱ ✇❡❧❧✲✜tt✐♥❣✱ ❢r❡❡

❢r♦♠ ❢❛❧s❡❤♦♦❞✱ ❣❡♥✉✐♥❡✱ ❢❛✉❧t❧❡ss✱ ✢❛✇❧❡ss✱ ♥♦t ❧✐❛❜❧❡ t♦
❡rr♦r
r✐❝❤ ✐♥ ❝♦✉♥s❡❧✿ ❣✐✈✐♥❣ ❞✐r❡❝t✐♦♥s ✐♥st❛♥t❧②✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❛ ♣❛t❤ ❢♦r✇❛r❞✱
✜♥❞✐♥❣ ❛♥ ✉♥✐♠♣❡❞❡❞ ✇❛②✱ ✜♥❞✐♥❣ svàr✱ ✇❡❧❧ ♦❢ ♠❡♥t❛❧
❣❡st✉r❡s✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ✈❛st ❛✉❞✐t♦r② ✐♠♣r❡ss✐♦♥
❦♥♦✇✐♥❣ ❛❧❧✿ ❦♥♦✇✐♥❣✲✇❤❛t✬s✲❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧✱ ❦♥♦✇❧❡❞❣❡❛❜❧❡✱ ❢♦r❡s✐❣❤t❡❞
❣✐❢t❡❞ ✇✐t❤ ✐♥s✐❣❤t✿ ♣♦ss❡ss✐♥❣ ♦❢ ❣♦♦❞ ✐♥s✐❣❤t✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞
❝♦♥s✐❞❡r❛t✐♦♥s✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥t ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t❡✱
♣r✉❞❡♥t✱ ✇✐③❛r❞
✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t✐♥❣✿ ♠♦st r❛❞✐❛♥t✱ ❢❛❝✐❧✐t❛t✐♥❣ ❝♦♥t❡♠♣❧❛t✐♦♥s✱ ✐♠♣❛rt✐❛❧
♣♦ss❡ss✐♥❣ ♦❢ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ✈✐❣♦✉r✿ ❡♥❞♦✇✐♥❣ ✇✐t❤ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ♣♦✇❡rs
❛❞❡♣t✿ ✇❤♦s❡ s❦✐❧❧s ❛r❡ ♥♦t ✇❛✈❡r✐♥❣✱ s❦✐❧❧❢✉❧✱ ❝❛♣❛❜❧❡✱ ✈❡r② ❝❛✲
♣❛❜❧❡ ♦♥❡
❞✐s❝❡r♥✐♥❣✿ ❞✐s❝r✐♠✐♥❛t✐♥❣✱ s❡❡✐♥❣ ❝❧❡❛r❧②✱ ❦❡❡♥✲s✐❣❤t❡❞✱ ❛tt❡♥t✐✈❡✱
♠♦st ❛tt❡♥t✐✈❡
s❡❧❡❝t✐✈❡✿ ❝❤♦♦s②✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❛ ❣♦♦❞ t❛st❡
r❡s♦❧✉t❡✿ ❤❡❛❞str♦♥❣✱ ❣♦✐♥❣ str❛✐❣❤t
q✉✐❝❦ t♦ ❤❡❛r✿ ❧✐st❡♥✐♥❣ t♦ ♣r❛✐s❡
✐♥s♣✐r❡❞✿ ✐♥✇❛r❞❧② ❡①❝✐t❡❞✱ ✇❤♦s❡ ③❡❛❧ ✐s ❣❡♥✉✐♥❡✱ ✇❤♦s❡ ❛❣✐t❛t✐♦♥
✐s ❞❡❡♣✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❣❡♥✉✐♥❡ ❢❡r✈♦r✱ ❡①✉❜❡r❛♥t
❞❛r✐♥❣✿ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❛ ❞❛r✐♥❣ ♠✐♥❞✱ ❝♦✉r❛❣❡♦✉s✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ♥♦ ❢❡❛r✱ ❢❡❛r✲
❧❡ss✱ ♠❡♥t❛❧❧② ❞✐s♣♦s❡❞ ❢♦r ❛ ❣r❡❛t ❞❡❡❞✱ ❜♦✐st❡r♦✉s
❞❡✜❛♥t✿ ❝r♦ss✐♥❣ ♦✈❡r ❛✈❡rs✐♦♥s✱ ♠✉❝❤✲♦♣♣♦s✐♥❣✱ ♠✉❝❤✲tr♦✉❜❧✐♥❣✱
✐♠♣❡t✉♦✉s
❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s✿ t❡rr✐❢②✐♥❣✱ ❢❡❛rs♦♠❡✱ ✇r❛t❤❢✉❧✱ r❛❣✐♥❣✱ t❤❡ ♠♦st ♦♣♣r❡ss✲
✐♥❣ ♦♥❡✱ ❞❡♣r❡ss✐♥❣
✜❡r②✿ ✜❡r❝❡✱ ✐♥t❡♥s❡✱ r❛✈✐♥❣✱ t❤✉♥❞❡r✐♥❣✱ r❡❡❧✐♥❣ ✇✐t❤ ❡①❝✐t❡✲
♠❡♥t✱ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞✲t❡st✐❝❧❡❞✱ ❞❡s✐r✐♥❣
❞❛♥❝❡r✿ ❛❣✐❧❡✱ ❞❡①t❡r♦✉s✱ r❡st❧❡ss✱ ♠♦✈✐♥❣ ❛r♦✉♥❞✱ ♣r♦♠♣t✱ q✉✐❝❦✱
❡❧✉s✐✈❡✱ s♣♦♥t❛♥❡♦✉s
 ✶✸✹✸

❝❤❛r✐♦t❡❡r✿ ❞r✐✈❡r✱ ❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s ❞r✐✈❡r✱ ✇❤♦s❡ ❝❤❛r✐♦t ✐s r❡♥♦✇♥❡❞✱ ❝❛r✲

r✐❡❞ ♦♥ ❛ ❝❤❛r✐♦t
❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❛✇♥② ❤♦rs❡s✿ ❞r❛✇♥ ❜② ❛ t❡❛♠ ♦❢ ❤♦rs❡s✱ ❞r✐✈❡r ♦❢ t❛✇♥②
♦♥❡s
✐♥❝✐t❡r✿ ✐♥st✐❣❛t✐♥❣✱ t❤❡ ❜❡st aṅgiras✱ ❝♦♠♣❡❧❧✐♥❣✱ ✐♥✢❛♠✐♥❣✱ ✐♥✲
s♣✐r✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♠❡❡❦✱ ✇❤♦s❡ ✐♥t❡♥t✐♦♥ ✐s t♦ st✐r✱ ✉r❣✐♥❣ ❛❣❛✐♥
❛♥❞ ❛❣❛✐♥✱ ❢❛❝✐❧✐t❛t✐♥❣ ❛♥❣❡r✱ ✐❧❧✲✐♥t❡♥t✐♦♥❡❞✱ ❦✐♥❞
t✉♠✉❧t✉♦✉s✿ ❝❛✉s✐♥❣ t❤❡ t✉♠✉❧t ♦❢ ❜❛tt❧❡ ✇❛rr✐♦r
♣♦✇❡r❢✉❧✿ ♣♦ss❡ss✐♥❣ ♣♦✇❡rs✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ✐♥❤❡r❡♥t ♣♦✇❡r✱ ❡♠♣♦✇❡r❡❞
❜② t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥✱ ✇❤♦ s❡✐③❡s ♣♦✇❡r❢✉❧❧②
♠✐❣❤t②✿ ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥t ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ♠✐❣❤t✱ ♣♦ss❡ss✐♥❣ s❛♣ ❛♥❞ str❡♥❣t❤
str♦♥❣✿ r❡❛❧❧② str♦♥❣✱ s❡❧❢✲str♦♥❣✱ ✇❤♦ ✐s ❧✐❦❡ ❛ ♠♦✉♥t❛✐♥✱ ✜r♠
♣♦ss❡ss✐♥❣ t❤❡ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✿ r✐❝❤ ✐♥ t❤❡ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱ ❜❡st ❛t ♦❜✲
t❛✐♥✐♥❣ t❤❡ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱ ♣r♦❝✉r✐♥❣ t❤❡ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱
❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥t ✈✐❣♦✉r✱ ❡♥❡r❣❡t✐❝
t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲✇✐❡❧❞❡r✿ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲❜❡❛r❡r✱ ❜❡❛r✐♥❣ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✱ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲
✐♥✲❤❛♥❞✱ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲✐♥✲❛r♠s✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❣♦♦❞ t❤✉♥❞❡r✲
❜♦❧t✱ ✇❤♦s❡ r❡✇❛r❞ ✐s t❤❡ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t
st♦♥❡✲✇✐❡❧❞❡r
♣r❡✈❛✐❧✐♥❣✿ ♣r❡✈❛✐❧✐♥❣ ❛t✲✇✐❧❧✱ ♣r❡✈❛✐❧✐♥❣ q✉✐❝❦❧②✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ✇❛②s t♦
♣r❡✈❛✐❧✱ ♠♦st ♣r❡✈❛✐❧✐♥❣
♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣✿ ♦✈❡r♣♦✇❡r✐♥❣✱ ♦✈❡r❝♦♠❡r✱ ♦♥❡ ♦❢ ❛ss✉r❡❞ s✉♣r❡♠❛❝②✱
♦❢t❡♥ ❛tt❛✐♥✐♥❣ ❤✐s ❛✐♠✱ ❣❛✐♥✐♥❣ ❡❛s✐❧②
✐rr❡s✐st✐❜❧❡✿ ♥♦t✲❝♦✉♥t❡r❜❛❧❛♥❝❡❞✱ ✉♥r❡♣✉❧s❛❜❧❡
✈✐❝t♦r✐♦✉s✿ r✐❝❤ ✐♥ ✈✐❝t♦r✐❡s✱ ✉♥❝♦♥q✉❡r❡❞✱ ❝♦♥q✉❡r♦r
✇✐♥♥✐♥❣ ♣r✐③❡s✿ ❝❛rr②✐♥❣✲❛✇❛②✲♣r✐③❡s✱ ✇✐♥♥✐♥❣✲svàr
❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❧♦❢t② ❛♣♣❡❛r❛♥❝❡✿ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ✈❡❤❡♠❡♥t ❛♣♣❡❛r❛♥❝❡✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ✐r♦♥
❝❧❛✇s ❤❛✇❦✱ ✇❤♦ ✐s ❢❛✐r t♦ s❡❡✱ ❝♦♥s♣✐❝✉♦✉s✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣
❣♦❧❞❡♥ ❛♣♣❡❛r❛♥❝❡✱ ❣♦❧❞❡♥✲❤❛✐r❡❞✱ ♠✉s❝✉❧❛r
❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② ❡♥❛❜❧✐♥❣ ♣♦✇❡rs✿ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② t❛✇♥② ♦♥❡s✱ ❛❝✲
❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② ❛❣✐t❛t✐♦♥✱ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② ✈✐s✐♦♥s
✶✸✹✹

❡①❛❧t✐♥❣✿ ❝❛✉s✐♥❣ ❥♦②✱ ♣♦ss❡ss✐♥❣ ♦❢ ❞❡❧✐❣❤t✱ ❞❡❧✐❣❤t❢✉❧✱ ❡♥❝❤❛♥t✲

✐♥❣✱ ❡♥❝❤❛♥t✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♠✐♥❞✱ t❤r✐❧❧✲✐♥❞✉❝✐♥❣
❛✉s♣✐❝✐♦✉s✿ ♠♦st ❛✉s♣✐❝✐♦✉s✱ ❛ ❢♦rt✉♥❡ ❤❡rs❡❧❢✱ ✐♠♣r❡❣♥❛t✐♥❣✱ ✇❤♦s❡
❜❧❡ss✐♥❣s ❛r❡ ❢❛r✲r❛♥❣✐♥❣
♠❛st❡r ♦❢ ♠✐❣❤t② ❛ss✐st❛♥❝❡✿ ❜❡st ❛t ❛ss✐st✐♥❣✱ ♦♥❡ ♦❢ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ✇❛②s
♦❢ ❤❡❧♣✐♥❣✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❤❡❧♣✐♥❣✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣
t❤♦✉s❛♥❞ ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❤❡❧♣✐♥❣
❤❡❧♣✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❞✐r❡ str❛✐❣❤ts✿ ♣r♦t❡❝t♦r ♦❢ ♠❡♥✱ r❡❢✉❣❡✱ s❤✐❡❧❞✐♥❣ str♦♥❣❧②✱
❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❛ str♦♥❣ s❤✐❡❧❞
❝❛rr②✐♥❣ ❛❝r♦ss✿ ✇❤♦ ❝❛rr✐❡s ❛❝r♦ss✱ ❢✉❧❧ ♦❢ ❞❡❧✐✈❡r❛♥❝❡✱ ❧✐❜❡r❛t✐♥❣✱
♠♦st ✜❡r❝❡ tr❛♥s♣♦rt❡r✱ ✇❤♦ ❝♦♥✈❡②s ✇✐t❤ ♠♦✉t❤
✈❡r② ❤❡❧♣❢✉❧✿ s✉♣♣♦rt❡r✱ ❤❡❧♣❡r✱ ❤❡❧♣❢✉❧✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❞❡s✐r❡ t♦ ❤❡❧♣ ♠❡♥
❡♠♣♦✇❡r✐♥❣✿ ❛❧❧ ❛r♦✉♥❞ ❡♠♣♦✇❡r✐♥❣✱ ❡♥❛❜❧✐♥❣✱ ♠❛❣♥✐❢②✐♥❣ ♦♥❡✬s
♣♦✇❡rs✱ r❡♥❞❡r✐♥❣ ♦♥❡ ❝♦♠♣❡t❡♥t✱ ♥♦t ❡♠❛❝✐❛t✐♥❣ ❧♦♥❣✲
✐♥❣s✱ ❢♦❝✉s✐♥❣
❛❧✇❛②s str❡♥❣t❤❡♥✐♥❣✿ ❣✐✈✐♥❣ ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ str❡♥❣t❤✱ ✐♥❢✉s✐♥❣ str❡♥❣t❤✱
str❡♥❣t❤✲❣✐✈✐♥❣✱ ✐♥str✉♠❡♥t❛❧ t♦ ❜❡✐♥❣ ❢♦r❝❡❢✉❧✱ ✐♥✈✐❣♦✲
r❛t✐♥❣ ❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣✱ ❣✐✈✐♥❣ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❛♥❞ ❜♦❞✐❧② ❡♥❡r❣②✱ ✇❤♦
❣✐✈❡s ♠❡❛♥s t♦ ❝❛♣t✐✈❛t❡
♠❛♥✐❢❡st❡❞ ❢♦r t❤❡ s❛❦❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ str❡♥❣t❤✿ r❡s♣❡❝t ❢♦r
✇❤♦♠ ✐s ♣♦t❡♥t✱ ♥♦✉r✐s❤✐♥❣ s✐♥❣❡rs
❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧✿ t❤❡ ✢♦♦❞ ♦❢ ✇❤❛t✬s ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧✱ ❜❡♥❡✜❝❡♥t✱ ❡♥❞♦✇❡❞ ✇✐t❤
✇❤❛t✬s ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧✱ ♦♥❡ ♦❢ ♠❛♥② ❜❡♥❡✜ts✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ♠❛♥②
❜❡♥❡✜ts✱ ✇❤♦s❡ ❜❡♥❡✜ts ❛r❡ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st✱ ✇❤♦s❡ ❜❡♥❡✜ts
❛r❡ ♥♦❜❧❡
✜♥❞✐♥❣ ✇❤❛t✬s ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧✿ ✜♥❞✐♥❣ ❜❡♥❡✜ts
✐♠♣❛rt✐♥❣ ✇❤❛t✬s ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧✿ ✇❡❧❧✲s❛t✐s❢②✐♥❣✱ ✇❤♦s❡ s❛t✐s❢❛❝t✐♦♥ ♦❢
♦♥❡✬s ❞❡s✐r❡ ✐s r❡❛❧✱ ❜❡st♦✇✐♥❣ r✐❝❤❧②
✇❤♦s❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡ ✐s ❛♠♣❧❡✿ ❣♦❜❧❡t ♦❢ tr❡❛s✉r❡✱ ✇❤♦s❡ s✐❞❡✲❡✛❡❝ts ❞♦
♥♦t t❛♣❡r ♦✛✱ ✇❤♦s❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡ ✐s ❣✐✈❡♥ ❜② ❛ ✈✐s✐♦♥✱ ✇❤♦s❡
✇❡❛❧t❤ ✐s ❜r❡❛t❤
❧❛❞❡♥ ✇✐t❤ s♣♦✐❧s✿ ❛❜♦✉♥❞✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❣✐❢ts✱ ❛❜♦✉♥❞✐♥❣ ✐♥ s❛❝r✐✜❝✐❛❧ r❡✲
✇❛r❞s✱ ♦♥❡ ♦❢ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ r❡✇❛r❞s✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ♠❛♥② ❣✐❢ts✱
❜♦✉♥t✐❢✉❧✱ ❜❡st♦✇✐♥❣ ♦✛s♣r✐♥❣s✱ ✇❤♦ ❣✐✈❡s ✇✐✈❡s
 ✶✸✹✺

❣❡♥❡r♦✉s✿ ♠♦st ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s✱ ♠✉♥✐✜❝❡♥t✱ ❧✐❜❡r❛❧✱ ❛❧✇❛②s ❣r❛♥t✐♥❣✱

❣✐✈❡r ♦❢ ❣✐❢ts✱ ♥♦♥✲s❡❧✜s❤
❣✐✈✐♥❣ ♠✉❝❤✿ ❣✐✈✐♥❣ s♣♦✐❧s✱ ❣✐✈✐♥❣ ❜♦✉♥t✐❢✉❧❧②✱ ❞✐str✐❜✉t♦r ♦❢ t❤❡
tr❡❛s✉r❡✱ ❞✐✈✐❞✐♥❣ ✇❡❛❧t❤
❞✐s❡♥❣❛❣✐♥❣✿ ✇❤♦s❡ ❤♦♠❡ ✐s ✇❤❡r❡ t❤❡r❡ ✐s ❛ ❣✐✈✐♥❣ ✉♣ s♦♠❡t❤✐♥❣✱
❞❡❜t✲❝♦❧❧❡❝t✐♥❣
♠✉❝❤ ✐♥✈♦❦❡❞✿ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❡❞ ♦❢t❡♥✱ t♦ ❜❡ ❝❛❧❧❡❞ ✉♣♦♥✱ ♠✉❝❤ ❝❛❧❧❡❞✲
✉♣♦♥
❧♦♥❣✐♥❣ ❢♦r ❛ ❝❤❛♥t✿ ❧♦♥❣✐♥❣ ❢♦r ❛ s♦♥❣✱ ♠♦st ❧♦♥❣✐♥❣ ❢♦r ❛ ❝❤❛♥t✱
s♦✉❣❤t ✇✐t❤ ❛ ✈❡rs❡
❝♦♥✈❡②❡❞ ❜② ❛ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥✿ ❝♦♥✈❡②❡❞ ❜② ❝❤❛♥ts✱ ❝♦♥✈❡②❡❞ ✇✐t❤ ✈❡rs❡s✱
❜❡✐♥❣ ❜♦✉❣❤t ✇✐t❤ ♣r❡ss❡❞ ♦✉t Soma✱ ❤❛r♥❡ss❡❞
♠✉❝❤ ❡✉❧♦❣✐③❡❞✿ ✱ ❡✉❧♦❣✐③❡❞✱ ❤✐❣❤❧② ♣r❛✐s❡❞✱ t♦ ❜❡ ♣r❛✐s❡❞✱ ❡①t♦❧❧❡❞✱
t♦ ❜❡ ♣r❛✐s❡❞ ✐♥ ✈❡rs❡s
❢❛♠❡❞✿ ❢❛♠♦✉s✱ ❤❡❛r❞ ♦❢ ❢❛r ❛♥❞ ✇✐❞❡
tr❡❛s✉r❡❞ ❜② ❛❧❧✿ ❝❤❡r✐s❤❡❞ ❜② ❛❧❧✱ ❡st❡❡♠❡❞✱ ❞❡❛r✱ t♦ ❜❡ ❛❞♠✐r❡❞✱
❜❡✐♥❣ ❧✐st❡♥❡❞ t♦
✇❡❧❝♦♠❡❞ ❜② ❡✈❡r②♦♥❡✿ t♦ ❜❡ ②❡❛r♥❡❞ ❢♦r✱ ❞r❛✇✐♥❣ ❡✈❡r②♦♥❡ t♦
❤✐♠s❡❧❢✱ ♦❜t❛✐♥♠❡♥t ♦❢ ✇❤♦♠ ✐s ❞❡s✐r❛❜❧❡✱ ✇❤♦s❡ ❛✉✲
❞✐t♦r② ✐♠♣r❡ss✐♦♥ ✐s ✇❡❧❝♦♠❡❞
✐♥str✉♠❡♥t❛❧ ✐♥ ❛ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡✿ s❡❡❦✐♥❣ t❤❡ ✜rst ♦❢ ❛ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡
✇♦rt❤② ♦❢ ❛ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡✿ ❢♦r❡♠♦st ♦❢ ✇♦rt❤② ♦❢ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡ ♦♥❡s✱ ✇♦rt❤②
♦❢ ✇♦rs❤✐♣✱ ✇♦rt❤② ❜② ❤✐♠s❡❧❢✱ t❤❡ ♦♥❡ ♠♦st ✇♦rt❤② ❜②
❤✐♠s❡❧❢✱ ♠♦r❡ ✇♦rt❤② ♦❢ ❛❞♠✐r❛t✐♦♥
❤❛✈✐♥❣ ♠❛♥② ♥❛♠❡s
✶✸✹✻ ❱♦❝❛❜✉❧❛r②
❆♣♣❡♥❞✐① ❈✿ ❱♦❝❛❜✉❧❛r②

Pr❡s❡♥t❡❞ ✐♥ t❤✐s ❜♦♦❦ ♣❛rt ♦❢ ❘✐❣✈❡❞❛ ❝♦♥t❛✐♥s✱ ❡①❝❧✉❞✐♥❣ ♣r♦✲

♥♦✉♥s✱ ♣r❡♣♦s✐t✐♦♥s✱ ❛♥❞ ♣❛rt✐❝❧❡s✱ ❛♣♣r♦①✐♠❛t❡❧② ✺✻✵✵ ✇♦r❞ st❡♠s
♦❢ ✇❤✐❝❤ ❛❜♦✉t ✷✺✻✵ ♦❝❝✉r ♦♥❧② ♦♥❝❡✳ ❖♥❧② ❛❜♦✉t ✶✸✵✵ ✇♦r❞ st❡♠s
♦❝❝✉r ✜✈❡ ♦r ♠♦r❡ t✐♠❡s ✖ t❤❡r❡❢♦r❡ t❤❡ ♠❡❛♥✐♥❣ ♦❢ ♦t❤❡r ✹✸✵✵
✇♦r❞ st❡♠s ✐s ❧❡ss ❝❡rt❛✐♥ t❤❛♥ ✐t ❛♣♣❡❛rs✳ ❚❤✐s ✈♦❝❛❜✉❧❛r② ❧✐sts ✐♥
✶✵✻✺ ❡♥tr✐❡s t❤❡ ♠♦st ❢r❡q✉❡♥t
✸ ✇♦r❞s ✐♥ t❤❡s❡ ✈❡rs❡s✳ ❆❧❧ ✇♦r❞s
✭♦t❤❡r t❤❡♥ ♣r♦♥♦✉♥s✱ ♣❛rt✐❝❧❡s ❛♥❞ ♣r❡♣♦s✐t✐♦♥s✮ t❤❛t ♦❝❝✉r s❡✈❡♥
♦r ♠♦r❡ t✐♠❡s ❛♥❞ ❛ ❢❡✇ ❧❡ss ❢r❡q✉❡♥t ♦♥❡s ❛r❡ ✐♥❝❧✉❞❡❞✳ ❲♦r❞s ❛r❡
❛rr❛♥❣❡❞ ✐♥t♦ s❡♠❛♥t✐❝ Indra✲❤②♠♥s✲✉s❛❣❡ r❡❧❛t❡❞ ❣r♦✉♣s✳ ❆❧♣❤❛✲
❜❡t✐❝❛❧ ✐♥❞❡① ✐s ❣✐✈❡♥ ♦♥ ♣❛❣❡ ✶✹✶✼✳ ❆ ♥✉♠❜❡r ❛❢t❡r ✇♦r❞✬s s❡♥s❡s
✐s t❤❡ ♥✉♠❜❡r ♦❢ ✐ts ♦❝❝✉rr❡♥❝❡s ✭✐♥❝❧✉❞✐♥❣ ♦❝❝✉rr❡♥❝❡s ❛s ❛ ♣❛rt ♦❢
❛ ❝♦♠♣♦✉♥❞ ✇♦r❞✮ ✐♥ tr❛♥s❧❛t❡❞ ❤❡r❡ ❤②♠♥s✳
❙❛♥s❦r✐t ✇♦r❞s t❡♥❞ t♦ ❜❡ ♣♦❧②s❡♠♦✉s✳ ❖♥❧② s❡♥s❡s ❛❝t✉✲
❛❧❧② ✉s❡❞ ✐♥ t❤❡ ♣r❡s❡♥t ✐♥t❡r♣r❡t❛t✐♦♥ ❛r❡ ❣✐✈❡♥✳ ❚❤❡ ♠❛r❦
✏▼❲✑ ♠❡❛♥s t❤❡ s❡♥s❡s ❢♦❧❧♦✇✐♥❣ ✐t ❛r❡ ❣✐✈❡♥ ✐♥ ▼♦♥✐❡r✲❲✐❧❧✐❛♠s✬
✏❙❛♥s❦r✐t✲❊♥❣❧✐s❤ ❉✐❝t✐♦♥❛r②✑✱ ✏❏●✑ ✖ ✐♥ ♣❛♣❡rs ❜② ❏❛♥ ●♦♥❞❛✱
✏❏❇✑ ✖ ✐♥ ❬❏❛♠✐s♦♥ ❛♥❞ ❇r❡r❡t♦♥✱ ✷✵✶✹❪✱ ✏❆❯✑ ✖ ✐♥ ✇♦r❦s ♦❢ ❙r✐
❆✉r♦❜✐♥❞♦✳ ❚❤❡ s❡♥s❡s ♠❛r❦❡❞ ✇✐t❤ ✏❉❙✑ ❛r❡✱ ✇✐t❤ s♦♠❡ ❡①❝❡♣✲
t✐♦♥s✱ ❛❞♦♣t❡❞ ❢r♦♠ ♦t❤❡r ❘✐❣✈❡❞❛ tr❛♥s❧❛t✐♦♥s ❛♥❞ s❝❤♦❧❛st✐❝ r❡✲
s❡❛r❝❤ ♦♥ ✇♦r❞ ♠❡❛♥✐♥❣✳ ■t❛❧✐❝ t❡①t ❛t t❤❡ ❡♥❞ ♦❢ ❡❛❝❤ ❡♥tr② ❣✐✈❡s
s♦♠❡ ❡①♣❧❛♥❛t✐♦♥s ❢♦r t❤❡ s❡♥s❡s ✉s❡❞✱ ❜✉t t❤❡ ✉❧t✐♠❛t❡ ❥✉st✐✜❝❛✲
t✐♦♥ ❢♦r ❛♥ ❛❞♦♣t❡❞ s❡♥s❡ ✐s ❛❧✇❛②s ✜tt✐♥❣ ✇❡❧❧ ✐♥ ❛❧❧ ❝♦♥t❡①ts ✉♥❞❡r
❝♦♥s✐❞❡r❛t✐♦♥✳
❆❜❜r❡✈✐❛t✐♦♥s ✉s❡❞✿ ✏❛❞❥✳✑ ♠❡❛♥s ✏❛❞❥❡❝t✐✈❡✑✱ ✏❛❞✈✳✑ ✖ ✏❛❞✲
✈❡r❜✑✱ ✏✐♥❞❡❝❧✳✑ ✖ ✏✐♥❞❡❝❧✐♥❛❜❧❡✑✱✏❝♦♠♣✳✑ ✖ ✏❝♦♠♣♦s✐t❡ ✇♦r❞✑✱
√
s✐❣♥ ♠❡❛♥s ✏✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✑✳
❙❛♥s❦r✐t ✇♦r❞s ❛r❡ ❣✐✈❡♥ ✉s✐♥❣ ■❆❙❚ tr❛♥s❧✐t❡r❛t✐♦♥ s❝❤❡♠❡✳

✸ ✈❛r✐♦✉s ❢♦r♠s ♦❢ ❛ ✇♦r❞ ❛r❡ ❝♦✉♥t❡❞ ❛s ❛♥ ♦❝❝✉rr❡♥❝❡ ♦❢ t❤❛t s❛♠❡ ✇♦r❞✱

♥♦t s❡♣❛r❛t❡❧②
❉✐✈✐♥✐t✐❡s ✶✸✹✼

❉✐✈✐♥✐t✐❡s
Índra ♣r♦♣❡r ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❛ ♥❛♠❡ ♦❢ ❛ deva❀ ❉❙✿ t❤❡ st❛t❡
♦❢ ❜❡✐♥❣ Indra✱ ✷✵✹✾✳

Sóma ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ❛ ♣r♦♣❡r ♥♦✉♥✱ ❧❡❢t ✉♥tr❛♥s❧❛t❡❞❀

▼❲✿ ❛♥ ❡①tr❛❝t ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ❤❡r❜❀ ♥❛♠❡ ♦❢ ❛ deva❀ ❉❙✿ ✐♥
♣❧✉r❛❧ ✖ ❞r♦♣s ♦❢ Soma ❥✉✐❝❡✱ ✹✹✻✳
■♥ t❤❡ ✐♥♥❡r s❡♥s❡✱ ✐t ✐s s✉❜t❧❡ ❜✉t ♣♦✇❡r❢✉❧ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❛✲
t✐♦♥ ❡♥❡r❣✐③❡❞ ❜② ❛♥ ❡①tr❛❝t ❢r♦♠ ❛ ♣❛rt✐❝✉❧❛r ❤❡r❜✳

Índu ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ❛ ♣r♦♣❡r ♥♦✉♥✱ ❧❡❢t ✉♥tr❛♥s❧❛t❡❞❀

▼❲✿ ❛ ❞r♦♣ ♦❢ ✭♣✉r❡st✮ Soma✱ ✺✸✳ ❆ ❞❡✜♥✐t✐♦♥ ♦❢ Indu
✐s ❣✐✈❡♥ ✐♥ ✾✳✾✼✳✹✵❞✿
br.hátsómo vāvr.dhe suvāná ı́nduh.
✏♠✐❣❤t② Soma ❜❡❝❛♠❡ ❝♦♥❝❡♥tr❛t❡❞✱ ❛♥ ❡✛✉s✐♥❣ Indu✑✳
devá ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ❧❡❢t ✉♥tr❛♥s❧❛t❡❞✱ ♣❧✉r❛❧ ✐s ✇r✐tt❡♥ ❛s ✏ deva✲s✑❀❀
❛❞❥✳ ❞✐✈✐♥❡✱ ❤❡❛✈❡♥❧②✱ ❝❡❧❡st✐❛❧✱ ✷✺✽✳
■♥ t❤❡ ✐♥♥❡r s❡♥s❡✱ ✐t ✐s ❛♥ ❡♥t✐t② ❜❡❤✐♥❞ ♣❛rt✐❝✉❧❛r ♠❛♥✲
✐❢❡st❛t✐♦♥s✳ ❙♦♠❡ ♥♦♥✲s♣❡❝✐✜❝ ❝❤❛r❛❝t❡r✐st✐❝s ♦❢ deva✲s
❛r❡ s♣♦♥t❛♥❡✐t② ♦❢ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❛t✐♦♥s✱ ✉♥♣r❡❞✐❝t❛❜✐❧✐t② ❛♥❞
♣♦t❡♥t✐❛❧❧② ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ t♦ ❤✉♠❛♥s ♣♦✇❡rs✳

dev´ı̄ ♥♦✉♥ ❢✳✱ ❧❡❢t ✉♥tr❛♥s❧❛t❡❞❀ ▼❲✿ ❛ ❢❡♠❛❧❡ ❞❡✈❛❀ ❛❞❥✳❢✳

❞✐✈✐♥❡❀ ❉❙✿ ❡♥❡r❣②❀ ♣♦✇❡r ✭❛❜str❛❝t❡❞ ❢r♦♠ s✉❜str❛t❡s
❛♥❞ ❢♦r♠s✮✱ ✷✷✳

devátā ✐♥❞❡❝❧✳✱ ❛♠♦♥❣ deva✲s❀ ♥♦✉♥ ❢✳✱ ❞✐✈✐♥✐t②✱ ✼✳

dyu ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥❀ t❤❡ s❦②❀ t❤❡ ❞❛②✱ ✸✶✵✳

pr.thiv´ı̄ ♥♦✉♥ ❢✳✱ ▼❲✿ t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤✱ ❣r♦✉♥❞✱ ✾✶✳

dyā´vāpr.thiv´ı̄ ♥♦✉♥ ❢✳✱ ❞✉❛❧✱ ▼❲✿ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥ ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ❊❛rt❤✱ ✶✷✳

ródas ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ✭♦♥❧② ✐♥ ❞✉❛❧✮✱ ▼❲✿ ❧❡❢t ✉♥tr❛♥s❧❛t❡❞❀ ✏t❤❡

❊❛rt❤ ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ❍❡❛✈❡♥✑✱ ✻✶✳

Agnı́ ♣r♦♣❡r ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❛ ♥❛♠❡ ♦❢ ❛ deva✱ ✶✶✷✳

❍❡ ✐s t❤❡ deva ♦❢ t❤❡ ✜r❡ ✐♥ ❛❧❧ ♦❢ ✐ts ❢♦r♠s ✭s✉♥❧✐❣❤t✱
❧✐❣❤t♥✐♥❣✱ ❜✉r♥✐♥❣ ♠❛t❡r✐❛❧s✱ ❞✐❣❡st✐✈❡ ✏✜r❡✑✱ ❡t❝✳✮✳

étaśa ❛❞❥✳✱ ❉❙✿ ✢✐❝❦❡r✐♥❣✱ ✶✸✳

Várun.a ♣r♦♣❡r ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❛ ♥❛♠❡ ♦❢ ❛ deva✱ ✾✼✳

✶✸✹✽ ❱♦❝❛❜✉❧❛r②
Marút ♣r♦♣❡r ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ♦♥❧② ✐♥ ♣❧✉r❛❧✱ ▼❲✿ ❛ ♥❛♠❡ ♦❢ s❡✈❡r❛❧
deva✲s✱ ✼✵✳
❚❤❡ ✇♦r❞ ✏ Marut✲s✑ ❝♦✉❧❞ s✐❣♥✐❢② ❡✐t❤❡r ✏❛s♣✐r❛t✐♦♥s✱
②❡❛r♥✐♥❣s✱ ❞r❡❛♠s✱ ❡t❝✳✑ ♦r ②♦✉♥❣ ♠❡♥ ♠♦✈❡❞ ❜② t❤❡♠
t♦ ❥♦✐♥ ❛ ♠✐❧✐t❛r② ❛❞✈❡♥t✉r❡✳
✏❚❤❡ ▼❛r✉ts ❛r❡ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡rs ♦❢ ❚❤♦✉❣❤t ✇❤✐❝❤ ❜② t❤❡ str♦♥❣
❛♥❞ ❛♣♣❛r❡♥t❧② ❞❡str✉❝t✐✈❡ ♠♦t✐♦♥ ♦❢ t❤❡✐r ♣r♦❣r❡ss ❜r❡❛❦
❞♦✇♥ t❤❛t ✇❤✐❝❤ ✐s ❡st❛❜❧✐s❤❡❞ ❛♥❞ ❤❡❧♣ t♦ t❤❡ ❛tt❛✐♥♠❡♥t
♦❢ ♥❡✇ ❢♦r♠❛t✐♦♥s✳✑ ❬❆✉r♦❜✐♥❞♦✱ ✶✾✾✽✱ ♣✳ ✷✺✺❪

Us.ás ♥♦✉♥ ❢✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❞❛✇♥✱ ♠♦r♥✐♥❣❀ ♥❛♠❡ ♦❢ ❛ devı̄ ❉❛✇♥✱ ✹✻✳
Mitrá ♣r♦♣❡r ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ❛ ♥❛♠❡ ♦❢ ❛ deva❀ ♥♦✉♥✱ ▼❲✿ ❢r✐❡♥❞✱
❛❧❧②❀ ❏❇✿ ❛❧❧✐❛♥❝❡❀ ❉❙✿ ❛ ♣❛tr♦♥✱ ❛ ❜❡♥❡❢❛❝t♦r❀ ❛♠✐t②✱
✹✹✳
❙❡♥s❡s ✏❛ ♣❛tr♦♥✱ ❛ ❜❡♥❡❢❛❝t♦r❀ ❛♠✐t②✑ ✇❡r❡ ❛❞♦♣t❡❞
❢♦❧❧♦✇✐♥❣ ❏❛♥ ●♦♥❞❛ ❛rt✐❝❧❡ ❬●♦♥❞❛✱ ✶✾✼✸❪ ✇❤❡r❡ ❤❡ ❛r✲
❣✉❡s t❤❛t mitrá ♠❡❛♥s ✏❛❝t✐✈❡ ❣♦♦❞✇✐❧❧✱ ❛♠✐t②✑✳

Vı́s.n.u ♣r♦♣❡r ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❛ ♥❛♠❡ ♦❢ ❛ deva✱ ✷✻✳

Vāyú ♣r♦♣❡r ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❛ ♥❛♠❡ ♦❢ ❛ deva ♦❢ ✇✐♥❞s❀ ❛ ✈✐t❛❧

❛✐r✱ ✶✷✳

Vā´ta ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ t❤❡ deva ♦❢ ✏✇✐♥❞s✑ ✭✈✐t❛❧ ❛✐rs✮✱ ❛❧s♦
❝❛❧❧❡❞ Vāyú✱ ✻✳

Br.haspáti ♣r♦♣❡r ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❛ ♥❛♠❡ ♦❢ ❛ deva✱ ✶✻✳ ▲✐t✳ ✏t❤❡
♦✈❡rs❡❡r ♦❢ ❡①♣❛♥s✐♦♥✑✱ ✐t ❞❡♥♦t❡s ❛♥ ❡♥t✐t② t❤❛t ♠❛♥✲
✐❢❡sts ❤✐♠s❡❧❢ ❛s ❛♥ ❡①♣❛♥s✐♦♥ ♦❢ t❤❡ s♣❤❡r❡ ♦❢ ♦♥❡✬s
❛✇❛r❡♥❡ss ✐♥ ❛♥② ❛♥❞ ❡❛❝❤ ♦❢ t❤❡ s❡♥s❡s✱ ♠❛❦✐♥❣ ♦♥❡✬s
s❡❧❢ ❛s ✐❢ ✜❧❧✐♥❣ ❣r❡❛t s♣❛❝❡ ❜❡②♦♥❞ t❤❡ ♣❤②s✐❝❛❧ ❜♦❞②
❛♥❞ t❤✉s ❢❛❞✐♥❣ ❛✇❛②✳ ❚❤✐s ❡①♣❛♥s✐♦♥ ♣r♦✈✐❞❡s ❡①❝❡❧✲
❧❡♥t ❛✇❛r❡♥❡ss ♦❢ ♦♥❡✬s s✉rr♦✉♥❞✐♥❣s✳ ❆ t❡❝❤♥✐q✉❡ t♦ ❢❛✲
❝✐❧✐t❛t❡ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢Br.haspati ✐s ♣r♦❜❛❜❧② ❞❡s❝r✐❜❡❞
✐♥ ✈❡rs❡ ✹✸ ♦❢Vijñānabhairava t❛♥tr❛ ❛s
nijadehe sarvadikkam . yugapadbhāvayedviyat |
nirvikalpamanāstasya viyatsarvam . pravartate ||
✇❤✐❝❤ ❝❛♥ ❜❡ tr❛♥s❧❛t❡❞ ❛s
✏■❢ ♦♥❡ ✇❡r❡ t♦ ❢♦r♠ ✐♥ t❤❡ ♠✐♥❞ ❛♥ ✐♠❛❣❡ ♦❢ ❛❧❧ s♣❛❝❡
❞✐r❡❝t✐♦♥s s✐♠✉❧t❛♥✉♦✉s❧②✱ ❛s t❤❡② ❛r❡ ❣✐✈❡♥ ✐♥ t❤❡ s❡♥✲
s❛t✐♦♥s ♦❢ t❤❡ ❜♦❞②✱ ❬❛♥❞ s♣r❡❛❞ t❤❡ ❛tt❡♥t✐♦♥ ❡✈❡♥❧② t♦
❛❧❧ s✐① ♦❢ t❤❡♠ ✖ ✉♣✱ ❞♦✇♥✱ r✐❣❤t✱ ❧❡❢t✱ ❢r♦♥t✱ ❛♥❞ ❜❛❝❦✱❪
t❤❡♥✱ ✐♥ ❝♦♥s❡q✉❡♥❝❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ♠✐♥❞ ❜❡❝♦♠✐♥❣ ❞❡✈♦✐❞ ♦❢
♣♦❧❛r✐③❛t✐♦♥s✱ ❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣ ✬❤✐s✬ ✇♦✉❧❞ ❜❡ ✈❛♥✐s❤✐♥❣✳✑
❉✐✈✐♥✐t✐❡s ✶✸✹✾

Rudrá ♣r♦♣❡r ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ❛ deva ❛♥❞ ❛♥ asura❀ ✇❤❡♥ ✐♥ ♣❧✳✱

Marut✲s✒ ✶✹✳ ❆♥ ❡♥t✐t② ❜❡❤✐♥❞ ❡♠❡r❣❡♥❝❡ ❛♥❞ ❞❡✈❡❧✲
♦♣♠❡♥t ♦❢ ✐♥❞✐✈✐❞✉❛❧✐t② ✐♥ ❛ ♣❡rs♦♥✱ ♦❢ ✐♥♥❡r s❡♣❛r❛✲
t✐♦♥ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ❢❛♠✐❧②✱ ❝♦♠♠✉♥✐t②✱ ❛♥❞ tr✐❜❡✳ Rudrá✬s
♠✐ss✐❧❡ ✭hetı́✱ didyút✮ ✐s ❛ ❝❛✉s❡ ♦❢ ♦♥s❡t ♦❢ ❛ ♣s②❝❤♦s♦✲
♠❛t✐❝ ✐❧❧♥❡ss ✏❛ ❝♦♠♠✐tt❡❞ ❢❛✉❧t✱ ❝r✐♠❡ ❜♦✉♥❞ ✐♥ ❜♦❞✲
✐❡s✑ ✭✻✳✼✹✳✸❞✮ ❢♦r ✇❤✐❝❤ s❛♠❡ Rudrá ❤❛s r❡♠❡❞✐❡s ♦r
♠❡❞✐❝✐♥❡ ✭bhes
. ája✮✳ ✳
Pŕ.śni ♣r♦♣❡r ♥♦✉♥ ❢✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❛ devı̄ ✇❤♦ ✐s t❤❡ ♠♦t❤❡r ♦❢ Indra
❛♥❞ Marut✲s❀ ♥♦✉♥ ❢✳✱ ❡♥t✐❝❡♠❡♥t t♦ r❡❜❡❧✱ ✻✳ ✏❚❤❡ s❡✲
❞✉❝t✐✈❡ ♣♦✇❡r ♦❢ tr❛♥s❣r❡ss✐♦♥❀ ❛♥ ❡♥t✐❝❡♠❡♥t t♦ r❡❜❡❧✱
t♦ tr❛♥s❣r❡ss ♦r ✈✐♦❧❛t❡ s♦❝✐❛❧ ♥♦r♠s✑✳ ❚❤❡ ✏♠✐❧❦✑ t❤❛t
✏t❤❡ ❝♦✇✑ Pr.śni ❣✐✈❡s ✐s ✏t❤❡ ❡♥❡r❣② t♦ ❞❛r❡✑✳

Pūs.án ♣r♦♣❡r ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❛ ♥❛♠❡ ♦❢ ❛ deva✱ ✶✸✳ ❍❡ ✐s t❤❡

deva ♦❢ ❝♦❣♥✐t✐✈❡✱ ❛♥❞ ❡s♣❡❝✐❛❧❧② ♦❢ s♣❛t✐❛❧✱ ♠❛♣s✳ ❍❡ ✐s
❜❡❤✐♥❣ t❤❛t s✉❜❧✐♠✐♥❛❧ ❣✉✐❞❛♥❝❡ t❤❛t ❧❡t✬s ♦♥❡ ✜♥❞ ✇❛②
❤♦♠❡ ✇❤❡♥ ❧♦st ✐♥ ❛ ❢♦r❡st ❞❡s♣✐t❡ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ♥♦ ❝♦♥s❝✐♦✉s
✐❞❡❛ ✇❤✐❝❤ ✇❛② ✐s ❤♦♠❡✳

Savitŕ. ♣r♦♣❡r ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❛ ♥❛♠❡ ♦❢ ❛ deva❀ t❤❡ s✉♥ ❜❡❢♦r❡
❤✐s r✐s✐♥❣ ✭Sāyan
. a✬s ❝♦♠♠❡♥t t♦ ❘❱✳✺✳✽✶✮✱ ✺✳
Áditi ♣r♦♣❡r ♥♦✉♥ ❢✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❛ ♥❛♠❡ ♦❢ ❛ devı̄❀ ❧❡❢t ✉♥tr❛♥s❧❛t❡❞✳
❉❙✿ ✏●r❡❛t ❯♥r❡str❛✐♥t✑❀ ✉♥❝♦♥str❛✐♥❡❞ śakti✱ ✶✺✳
Tvás..t.r ♣r♦♣❡r ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❛ ♥❛♠❡ ♦❢ ❛ deva✱ ✶✸✳ ❍❡ ✐s t❤❛t
✇❤✐❝❤ s❤❛♣❡s ✇❤❛t ✐s ❜❡✐♥❣ ❢♦r♠❡❞✱ ♦r ❡♠❡r❣✐♥❣✱ ❛s ✐❢
❛❝❝♦r❞✐♥❣ t♦ ❛ s♣❡❝✐✜❝ ❞❡s✐❣♥✳

Aśvı́n ♣r♦♣❡r ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ✇❤❡♥ ✐♥ ❞✉❛❧✱ ▼❲✿ ❛ ♥❛♠❡ ♦❢ t✇✐♥

deva✲s❀ ❛❞❥✳✱ ♣♦ss❡ss❡❞ ♦❢ ❛ ❤♦rs❡✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❤♦rs❡s✱ ✶✷✳

Aryamán ♣r♦♣❡r ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❛ ♥❛♠❡ ♦❢ ❛ deva✱ ✽✳ Aryamán

✐s t❤❛t ✇❤✐❝❤ ❣✐✈❡s r✐s❡ t♦ ♥❡❣♦t✐❛t✐♦♥s✱ t♦ ❛tt❡♠♣ts
t♦ s♦❧✈❡ ❛ ❝♦♥✢✐❝t ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❛ ♠✉t✉❛❧❧② ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧
❛❣r❡❡♠❡♥t❀ Aryamán ✐s ❤❡ ✇❤♦ ✉r❣❡s t♦ s❡tt❧❡ ❞✐s♣✉t❡s✱
t♦ ♥❡❣♦t✐❛t❡✳

Bhága ♣r♦♣❡r ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❛ ♥❛♠❡ ♦❢ ❛ deva✱ ✶✳

ásura ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ♦❢t❡♥ ❧❡❢t ✉♥tr❛♥s❧❛t❡❞✱ ❉❙✿ ❣✉✐❞✐♥❣ s♣✐r✐t✱

❛❞❥✳✱ ♣r♦✈✐❞✐♥❣ ❣✉✐❞❛♥❝❡✱ ✶✻✳

asuryà ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ❉❙✿ ❣✉✐s❡❀ ❣✉✐❞❛♥❝❡✱ ❝✉❡✱ ✶✶✳

✶✸✺✵ ❱♦❝❛❜✉❧❛r②
divyá ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❝❡❧❡st✐❛❧✱ ❤❡❛✈❡♥❧②✱ ❞✐✈✐♥❡✱ s✉♣❡r♥❛t✉r❛❧ ✶✺✳

amŕ.ta ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❛♥ ✐♠♠♦rt❛❧❀ ❛ ♥❡❝t❛r✱ ❛♠❜r♦s✐❛❀ ✐♠♠♦r✲

t❛❧✐t②❀
❛❞❥✳✱ ✐♠♠♦rt❛❧✱ ✐♠♣❡r✐s❤❛❜❧❡❀ ❉❙✿ ❝❡❛s❡❧❡ss✱ ✉♥❞❡❝❛②✲
✐♥❣✱ ✷✶✳

ámartya ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ ✐♠♠♦rt❛❧✱ ✐♠♣❡r✐s❤❛❜❧❡✱✾✳

ámarta ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ✐♠♠♦rt❛❧✱ ✶✳

Ādityá ♣r♦♣❡r ♥♦✉♥✳✱ ❧❡❢t ✉♥tr❛♥s❧❛t❡❞✳ ■t ❞❡♥♦t❡s ❛ ❝❤❛r❛❝t❡r✲

✐❝t✐❝ ♦❢ ❛ deva✳ ■t ♠❡❛♥s✱ ✜rst✱ t♦ ❜❡ ❛ s♦♥ ♦❢ Aditi✱ ❛♥❞✱
s❡❝♦♥❞✱ s♦♠❡t❤✐♥❣ t♦ ❜❡ ✉♥❧❡❛s❤❡❞✳

❲❤♦♠ ❛♥❞ ✇❤❛t Indra ✜❣❤ts

❋♦r ❛♥ ❡①♣❧❛♥❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ♠♦st ❞❡♠♦♥s ❧✐st❡❞ ❤❡r❡ s❡❡ ✶✻✳

Vr.trá ♣r♦♣❡r ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳♥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❛ ♥❛♠❡ ♦❢ ❛ ❞❡♠♦♥✱ ✶✺✷✳ ❙❡❡

♥❡①t ❡♥tr②✳

vr.trá ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳♥✳✱ ♠♦st ♦❢ t❤❡ t✐♠❡ ❧❡❢t ✉♥tr❛♥s❧❛t❡❞✱ ❉❙✿ ♦❜✲
st❛❝❧❡✱ ❞❡♣r❡ss✐♥❣ ❛♥①✐❡t②❀ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ♦❜s❝✉r❛t✐♦♥✱ ✶✺✵✳
■t s❤❛❧❧ ❜❡ ♥♦t❡❞ t❤❛t t❤✐s ✇♦r❞ ✐s ✉s❡❞ ✐♥ ♥❡✉t❡r ❛♥❞
✐♥ ♠❛s❝✉❧✐♥❡✳ ▲✐t❡r❛❧❧②✱ ✐t ♠❡❛♥s ✏✐♥str✉♠❡♥t❛❧ ✐♥ ❝♦✈✲
❡r✐♥❣✱ ❤✐❞✐♥❣✑✳

Śús.n.a ♣r♦♣❡r ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❛ ♥❛♠❡ ♦❢ ❛ ❞❡♠♦♥✱ ✸✽✳

Śámbara ♣r♦♣❡r ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❛ ♥❛♠❡ ♦❢ ❛ ❞❡♠♦♥✱ ✶✼✳

Námuci ♣r♦♣❡r ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❛ ♥❛♠❡ ♦❢ ❛ ❞❡♠♦♥✱ ✾✳

Cúmuri ♣r♦♣❡r ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❛ ♥❛♠❡ ♦❢ ❛ ❞❡♠♦♥✱ ✻✳

Dhúni ♣r♦♣❡r ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❛ ♥❛♠❡ ♦❢ ❛ ❞❡♠♦♥✱ ✻✳

kúyava ❛❞❥✳✱ ❉❙✿ ❝❛✉s✐♥❣ ❧❛❝❦ ♦❢ ❜❛r❧❡②✱ ✻✳

Pı́pru ♣r♦♣❡r ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❛ ♥❛♠❡ ♦❢ ❛ ❞❡♠♦♥✱ ✶✶✳

Árbuda ♣r♦♣❡r ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❛ ♥❛♠❡ ♦❢ ❛ ❞❡♠♦♥✱ ✻✳ ❚❤❛t

✇❤✐❝❤ ♠❛♥✐❢❡sts ❛s t❤❡ ❢❡❛r ❛r✐s✐♥❣ ❢r♦♠ ❢❛❝✐♥❣ s♦♠❡✲
t❤✐♥❣ ♠✉❝❤ ❜✐❣❣❡r ✐♥ s✐③❡ t❤❛♥ ♦♥❡✬s ♦✇♥ ❜♦❞② ♦r ♠✉❝❤
str♦♥❣❡r ✐♥ s♦♠❡ ✇❛②✳

✖✖
❲❤♦♠ ❛♥❞ ✇❤❛t Indra ✜❣❤ts ✶✸✺✶

śátru ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❡♥❡♠②✱ r✐✈❛❧✱ ❢♦❡✱ ♦✈❡rt❤r♦✇❡r✱ ✺✽✳

spŕ.dh ♥♦✉♥ ❢✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❛❞✈❡rs❛r②❀ ✜❣❤t✱ ✶✽✳

áhi ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ s♥❛❦❡✱ ✻✵✳

✐♥ t❤❡ ✐♥t❡r♥❛❧ s❡♥s❡ ✐t st❛♥❞s ❢♦r ♣♦✇❡r❢✉❧ ❞❡❡♣✲s❡❛t❡❞ ❛♥①✐✲
❡t② ♦r ❡✈❡♥ ❞❡♣r❡ss✐♦♥ ❛♥❞ ❝❛✉s❡❞ ❜② ✐t ❛♥ ❡♠♦t✐♦♥❛❧ st❛♥❝❡
t❤❛t ♠❛❦❡s ♦♥❡ r❡❝♦✐❧ ❛♥❞ ❛✈♦✐❞ t❤❡ s♦✉r❝❡ ♦❢ ❞❛♥❣❡r✱ ♦r
❛tt❛❝❦ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❡❞ s✐❣♥s ♦❢ ✐t ❜✉t ✉s✉❛❧❧② ✇✐t❤♦✉t ❛❞❞r❡ss✐♥❣
t❤❡ ❞❡❡♣ ❝❛✉s❡s ♦r s♦✉r❝❡s ♦❢ t❤❡ ❛♥①✐❡t② ♦r ❞❛♥❣❡r❀ ✐t ♠✐❣❤t
❛❧s♦ ❡✛❡❝t ❛s✲✐❢ ♣❛r❛❧②s✐s ♦❢ t❤❡ ❜♦❞② ✖ ♠❛❦✐♥❣ ❜✐❣ ♠✉s❝❧❡s
❛s ✐❢ ✇♦♦❞❡♥ ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ♠✐♥❞ ✐♥ ❛ t♦r♣♦r✳
dāsá ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ ✜❡♥❞✱ ❞❡♠♦♥✱ ✷✹✳

dā´sa ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ s❛✈❛❣❡✱ ✶✽✳

✏❙❛✈❛❣❡✑✱ ❛s ♦♣♣♦s❡❞ t♦ ā´rya✱ ✐s s♦♠❡♦♥❡ ✇❤♦ ❛❧❧♦✇s
♣❡♥t ✉♣ ❛♥❣❡r t♦ ❝♦♥❝❡♥tr❛t❡✱ ❞✇❡❧❧ ❛♥❞ ❛❝t ♦♥❧② ✐♥ t❤❡
t✇♦ ❧♦✇❡st ❝❛❦r❛s✱ t❤✉s ❜❡❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❧✐❦❡ ❛ s❛✈❛❣❡✱ ❧✐❦❡ ❛♥

❡♥r❛❣❡❞ ❜❡❛st✳
´rya✱
Ā ♦r ✏❝♦♥❞✉❝t✐♥❣ ✐t ✉♣✇❛r❞s✑ ♦♥❡✱
s❦✐❧❢✉❧❧② ❝♦♥❞✉❝ts t❤❛t ❛♥❣❡r t♦ ✉♣♣❡r♠♦st ❝❛❦r❛s✱ t❤✉s
❛❝t✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❛♥ ✐♥t❡❧❧✐❣❡♥t✱ t❤♦✉❣❤ ♥♦ ❧❡ss ✈✐♦❧❡♥t✱ ♠❛♥♥❡r✳

dā´sı̄ ❛❞❥✳✱ ❢✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❞❡♠♦♥✐❝❀ s❛✈❛❣❡✱ ✽✳

dásyu ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ❉❙✿ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡ t♦ s✉✛❡r ✇❛♥t✱ ✻✸✳

■t ✐s ❛♥ ✐♥♥❡r ✐♠♣✉❧s❡ t♦ ♣✉rs✉❡ s♦♠❡t❤✐♥❣ ♠❛❞❡ ♣❡r✲
s✐st❡♥t ❜② ❛ r❡s♦❧✈❡✱ ❛ ❞❡t❡r♠✐♥❛t✐♦♥ t♦ ❜❡ ✐♥ ♥❡❡❞ ♦❢
s♦♠❡t❤✐♥❣ ❞❡❡♠❡❞ ❛ttr❛❝t✐✈❡ ♦r ♥❡❝❡ss❛r②✳ ■t ✐s ❛ r❡s✉❧t
♦❢ rāga ❛s ❞❡✜♥❡❞ ✐♥ Pratyabhijñā s②st❡♠✳ ■♥ ✶✵✳✷✷✳✽
✐t ✐s ❝❤❛r❛❝t❡r✐③❡❞ ❛s ✏♥♦t✲♣❡r❢♦r♠✐♥❣✲❣♦♦❞✲✇♦r❦s✱ ✉♥✲
t❤✐♥❦✐♥❣✱ ✉♥✐♥t❡❧❧✐❣❡♥t✱ ♦♣♣♦s❡❞ t♦ ✭s❡❧❢✲✐♠♣♦s❡❞✮ ❝♦♥✲
str❛✐♥ts✑✳

ráks.as ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ❉❙✿ ❛ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❞❡❢❡♥s❡✱ ❞❡❢❡♥s✐✈❡♥❡ss✱ ✶✺✳

raks.ás ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ❉❙✿ ❛ ❣✉❛r❞✐♥❣ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡✱ ✾✳

dvı́s. ♥♦✉♥ ❢✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❤❛tr❡❞❀ ❛❞❥✳✱ ❤♦st✐❧❡✱ ❤❛t✐♥❣❀ ♥♦✉♥ ❢✳✱ ❉❙✿
❝♦♥✢✐❝t✱ ❡♥♠✐t②❀ ✷✸✳

dvés.as ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❛✈❡rs✐♦♥✱ ❤♦st✐❧✐t②✱ ✶✶✳

mŕ.dh ♥♦✉♥ ❢✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❜✐♥❞✱ ✐♥❤✐❜✐t✐♦♥✱ ✾✳

drúh ♥♦✉♥ ❢✳♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❤✉rt✱ ❤❛r♠✱ ✐♥❥✉r②✱ ♦✛❡♥❝❡✱ ♠✐s❝❤✐❡❢✱

♠❛❧✐❝❡❀ s♣✐t❡❀ ❢♦❡✱ ✜❡♥❞✱ ✶✶✳
✶✸✺✷ ❱♦❝❛❜✉❧❛r②
duritá ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❞✐✣❝✉❧t②✱ ❜❛❞ ❝♦✉rs❡✱ ❉❙✿ ♦❜str✉❝t✐♦♥✱
✶✷✳
abhı́māti ♥♦✉♥ ❢✳✱ ❉❙✿ t❤♦s❡ ✇❤♦ ✐♥t❡♥❞ t♦ ❤✉rt❀ ♣❧♦tt✐♥❣ ❡♥❡♠✐❡s✱
✶✵✳
pan.ı́ ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ ♠✐s❡r✱ ♥✐❣❣❛r❞✱ ✶✺✳
árāti ❛❞❥✳✱ ❤♦❧❞✐♥❣ ❜❛❝❦❀ ♥♦✉♥ ❢✳✱ ❧❛❝❦ ♦❢ ❣✐✈✐♥❣✱ ✽✳
ádeva ❛❞❥✳✱ ❉❙✿ ♣r♦❢❛♥❡❀ ✇❤♦ ✐s ✇✐t❤♦✉t deva✲s✱ ✇❤♦ ✐s ✇✐t❤♦✉t
t❤❡ deva✱ ✶✹✳
ádevı̄ ❛❞❥✳✱ ❢✳✱ ❉❙✿ ♣r♦❢❛♥❡✱ ✇✐t❤♦✉t deva✲s✱ ♥♦♥✲❞✐✈✐♥❡✱ ✻✳
ámitra ❛❞❥✳✱ ❉❙✿ ❤♦st✐❧❡✱ ✷✼✳
avratá ❛❞❥✳✱ ❉❙✿ ✉♥❝♦♥str❛✐♥❡❞✱ ♥♦♥✲❢♦❧❧♦✇✐♥❣ s♣✐r✐t✉❛❧ ♣r❛❝✲
t✐❝❡✱ ✽✳
aghá ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❡✈✐❧✱ ❢✳✱ ✐♠♣✉r✐t②❀ ❛❞❥✳✱ ♠❛❧❡✈♦❧❡♥t✱ ✼✳
áśasti ♥♦✉♥ ❢✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❝✉rs❡✱ ✻✳
abhı́śasti ♥♦✉♥ ❢✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❝✉rs❡✱ ✻✳

❘✐t✉❛❧s✱ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡✱ t❤❡✐r ♣❛rt✐❝✐♣❛♥ts ❛♥❞ ♠❡❛♥s

yajñá ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❛ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡✱ ❛♥ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣✱ ❉❙✿ ❛ ✜r❡ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣✱
✶✵✸✳
adhvará ❛❞❥✳✱ ❏●✿ ♣r♦❝❡❡❞✐♥❣ ♦♥ ✐ts ♣❛t❤✱ ♣r♦❝❡❡❞✐♥❣ ♦♥ ✐ts ✇❛②❀
❉❙✿ ❢❛❝✐❧✐t❛t✐♥❣ t❤❡ ✇❛②✱ ✺✾✳
❙❡❡ ❬●♦♥❞❛✱ ✶✾✼✺❛❪✳

√
dāś ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ❤♦♥♦r✱ ❉❙✿ t♦ ✇♦rs❤✐♣✱ t♦ r❡♥❞❡r
s❡r✈✐❝❡✱ ✺✼✳
√
yaj ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ❉❙✿ t♦ ♠❛❦❡ ❛ ✜r❡ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣✱ t♦ ❤♦♥♦r ✇✐t❤
s❛❝r✐✜❝❡s❀ ▼❲✿ t♦ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡✱ t♦ ❝♦♥s❡❝r❛t❡✱ ✺✼✳
yájatra ❛❞❥✳✱ ❉❙✿ ✐♥str✉♠❡♥t❛❧ ✐♥ ❛ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡✱ ✼✳
bráhman ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ❏❇✿ ❛ s❛❝r❡❞ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛✱ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛✱ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥✱
✶✸✹✳
.rtú ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ ✜①❡❞ ♦r❞❡r❀ ❉❙✿ ✜①❡❞ s❡q✉❡♥❝❡❀ ♣r♦♣❡r
♠♦♠❡♥t✱ ✻✳
❘✐t✉❛❧s✱ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡✱ t❤❡✐r ♣❛rt✐❝✐♣❛♥ts ❛♥❞ ♠❡❛♥s ✶✸✺✸

.rtuthā´ ✐♥❞❡❝❧✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❛t ♣r♦♣❡r t✐♠❡❀ ♣r♦♣❡r❧②✱ ✻✳

√
vidh ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ❤♦♥♦r✱ t♦ ♦✛❡r✱ t♦ ✇♦rs❤✐♣✱ ✼✳

✖✖

brahmán ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❛ ❧❡❛r♥❡❞ ♣r✐❡st✱ ❏❇✿ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t♦r✱ ✶✾✳

.ŕ.si ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❛ s❡❡r✱ ❛ s❛❣❡✱ ✸✺✳

kavı́ ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❛ ♣♦❡t❀ ❛❞❥✳✱ ❣✐❢t❡❞ ✇✐t❤ ✐♥s✐❣❤t✱ ✸✺✳

hótr. ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❛♥ ❡♥✈♦❦❡r ♦❢ deva✲s✱ ✶✼✳

adhvaryú ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ❉❙✿ ❤❡ ✇❤♦ s❡❡❦s ✇❛②s t♦ ♣r♦❝❡❡❞ ✭✉s✉❛❧❧②

❝♦♥❞✉❝t✐♥❣ ❛ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡✮❀ ♦❢t❡♥ ❧❡❢t ✉♥tr❛♥s❧❛t❡❞❀ ❉❙✿ ❛❞❥✳✱
s❡❡❦✐♥❣ ✇❛②s t♦ ♣r♦❝❡❡❞✱ ✷✾✳

áṅgiras ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ❉❙✿ s♦♠❡♦♥❡ ♦r s♦♠❡t❤✐♥❣ ❧✐❦❡ ❛ s♣❛r❦ t❤❛t

✐❣♥✐t❡s ✐♥♥❡r ✜r❡ ✐♥ ❤✉♠❛♥s ❡✐t❤❡r ✉s✐♥❣ ❜♦❞②✬s ♥❛t✉✲
r❛❧ r❡❛❝t✐♦♥s ♦r ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ r♦✉s✐♥❣ s♣❡❡❝❤❡s ❛♥❞✴♦r
❤❡❛✈❡♥❧② s♦♥❣s✳ ■♥ t❤❡ ❝♦♥t❡①t ♦❢ ✐♥❞✐✈✐❞✉❛❧✬s ❜♦❞②✱
áṅgiras✲❡s ❛r❡ ❜✐❣ ♠✉s❝❧❡s ✖ t❤❡✐r ❛❝t✐♦♥ r❛✐s❡s t❤❡ ❧❡✈❡❧
♦❢ ❛❞r❡♥❛❧✐♥❡ ✐♥ ❜❧♦♦❞ ❛♥❞ ✇❛r♠s t❤❡ ❜♦❞② ✖ ❧❡❢t ✉♥✲
tr❛♥s❧❛t❡❞❀ ❝❛♥ ❜❡ ❛ ♣❛rt ♦❢ ❛ ♣❡rs♦♥✬s ♥❛♠❡✱ ✶✽✳

átharvan ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ❉❙✿ s♦♠❡♦♥❡ ❝♦♠♣♦s❡s ❢♦r♠✉❧❛rs ❛♥❞ s❝r✐♣ts

♦❢ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡s ✖ ❧❡❢t ✉♥tr❛♥s❧❛t❡❞❀ ❝❛♥ ❜❡ ❛ ♣❛rt ♦❢ ❛
♣❡rs♦♥✬s ♥❛♠❡✱ ✺✳

priyámedha ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳ ❉❙✿ ✏♦♥❡ ✇❤♦ ❤❛s ❡①♣❡r✐❡♥❝❡❞ ❛♥❞ tr❡❛s✉r❡s

t❤❡ st❛t❡ ♦❢ Indra✑ ✭♣r♦❜✳✮ ✖ ❧❡❢t ✉♥tr❛♥s❧❛t❡❞❀ ❝❛♥ ❜❡
❛ ♣❛rt ♦❢ ❛ ♣❡rs♦♥✬s ♥❛♠❡✱ ✽✳

jaritr. ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ ✐♥✈♦❦❡r✱ ♣r❛✐s❡r✱ ✼✺✳

stotŕ. ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ❉❙✿ ❤②♠♥ s✐♥❣❡r✱ s✐♥❣❡r ♦❢ ❤②♠♥s❀ ❏❇✿ ♣r❛✐s❡r✱
✹✸✳

stotrá ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❤②♠♥ ♦❢ ♣r❛✐s❡✱ ♣r❛✐s❡✱ ✼✳

grā´van ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ❉❙✿ ❛ s✐♥❣❡r❀ ▼❲✿ ❛ ♣r❡ss✐♥❣ st♦♥❡✱ ✶✺✳

❋♦r t❤❡ s❡♥s❡ ✏s✐♥❣❡r✑ s❡❡ ❬❚❤♦♠s♦♥✱ ✷✵✵✶❪✳

.ŕkvan ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ❉❙✿ r❡❝✐t❡r ♦❢ ✈❡rs❡s✱ ✳

kārú ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ❏●✿ ❛ s✐♥❣❡r ♦❢ ❡✉❧♦❣✐❡s✱ ❛ s✐♥❣❡r✱ ✷✽✳

❬●♦♥❞❛✱ ✶✾✼✺❜❪
✶✸✺✹ ❱♦❝❛❜✉❧❛r②
sūrı́ ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ ✐♥st✐t✉t♦r ♦❢ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡❀ ✐♥❝✐t❡r❀ ❉❙✿ ♣❛tr♦♥
♦❢ t❤❡ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡✱ ✸✸✳
✖✖
gı́r ♥♦✉♥ ❢✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❛ s♦♥❣✱ ❉❙✿ ❛ ❝❤❛♥t✱ ✶✹✵✳
stóma ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿✱ ❉❙✿ ❛ ❤②♠♥ ♦❢ ♣r❛✐s❡✱ ♣r❛✐s✐♥❣ ✇✐t❤ ❛
❤②♠♥✱ ✽✷✳
stutá ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❡✉❧♦❣✐③❡❞✱ ♣r❛✐s❡❞✱ ✹✻✳
sus..tutı́ ♥♦✉♥ ❢✳✱ ❉❙✿ ❛ ❝♦rr❡❝t❧② ❛rt✐❝✉❧❛t❡❞ ♣r❛✐s❡✱ ✶✽✳
arká ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ❆❯✿ ❛ ❤②♠♥ ♦❢ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t✐♦♥✱ ▼❲✿ ❛ ❤②♠♥✱ ❛
✢❛s❤ ♦❢ ❧✐❣❤t♥✐♥❣✱ ✹✹✳
✏ Arka ♠❡❛♥s ❛ st❛♥③❛✳✳✳✑ ◆✐r✳✺✳✹

sā´man ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ❧❡❢t ✉♥tr❛s❧❛t❡❞❀ ✈❡rs❡ r❡❝✐t❡❞ t♦ ❛ s♣❡❝✐❛❧ t✉♥❡✱

✶✵✳
gāyatrá ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❤②♠♥✴s♦♥❣✴✈❡rs❡ ✐♥ Gāyatrı̄ ♠❡t❡r✱ ✽✳
vā´n.ı̄ ♥♦✉♥ ❢✳✱ ♠❡❧♦❞②✱ t✉♥❡❀ s♦✉♥❞✱ ✾✳
√
svr. ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ❉❙✿ t♦ ✐♥t♦♥❡✱ t♦ s♦✉♥❞ ✐♥ ❛ s♠♦♦t❤ s❡✲
q✉❡♥❝❡✱ t♦ ❥♦✐♥ ✐♥ s✐♥❣✐♥❣❀ ✇✐t❤ ava✲ t♦ t❛♣❡r ♦✛✱ ✾✳
vā´c ♥♦✉♥ ❢✳✱ ▼❲✿ s♣❡❡❝❤✱ ♣❤r❛s❡❀ ❛ s♦✉♥❞ ♦❢ s♣❡❡❝❤✱ ✈♦✐❝❡❀
❉❙✿ ❛♥ ✉tt❡r❛♥❝❡✱ ✸✶✳
vácas ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ✉tt❡r❛♥❝❡✱ s♣❡❡❝❤✱ ✸✹✳
āṅgūs.a ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❧♦✉❞✱ ♣r❛✐s✐♥❣✱ ♣r❛s✐♥❣ ❛❧♦✉❞❀ ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ❧♦✉❞
❤②♠♥✱ ✼✳
ukthá ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ✈❡rs❡✱ r❡❝✐t❛t✐♦♥❀ ❉❙✿ r❡❝✐t❡❞ ✈❡rs❡✱ ✈❡rs❡✲
r❡❝✐t❛t✐♦♥❀ ❛❞❥✳ ✈❡r❜❛❧✱ ✽✼✳
ślóka ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❞✐✈✐♥❡ ✈♦✐❝❡❀ ❛ ❝❛❧❧✱ ✼✳
gó ♥♦✉♥ ❢✳✱ ▼❲✿ ✇♦r❞✱ ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥❀ ❝♦✇✱ ♠✐❧❦✱
✶✽✼✳
❆❧t❤♦✉❣❤ ◆✐❣❤❛♥t✉ ✶✳✺ ❧✐sts gāvah. ❛♥❞ usrāh. ❛s raśmi t❡r♠s✱
❛♥❞✱ ◆✐r✉❦t❛ ✷✳✻ r❡✐t❡r❛t❡s ✐t sarve ′pi raśmayo gāva ucyante✱
❤❡r❡ go ✐s t❛❦❡♥ t♦ st❛♥❞ ❢♦r ✏❛ ✇♦r❞✑✱ ♦r ✏❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡s✲

✳
s✐♦♥✑ ✇❤✐❝❤ ✐s ✭♠❡t❛♣❤♦r✐❝❛❧❧②✮ ❛ r❛② t❤❛t ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t❡s ♠❡❛♥✲
✐♥❣ ♦r ❞✐s♣❡❧s ✐❣♥♦r❛♥❝❡✱ ✉♥❝❡rt❛✐♥t②✱ ❡t❝✳
❘✐t✉❛❧s✱ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡✱ t❤❡✐r ♣❛rt✐❝✐♣❛♥ts ❛♥❞ ♠❡❛♥s ✶✸✺✺

❆♥ ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥ ♠✐❣❤t ❝♦♥s✐st ♦❢ ✇♦r❞s ♦r ❥✉st

s②❧❧❛❜❧❡s ✭❧✐❦❡ ✐♥ ♠❛♥tr❛s✮❀ ✇❤❡t❤❡r s♦♠❡ ✉tt❡r❛♥❝❡ ✐s
❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ♦❢ s♦♠❡ s❡♥t✐♠❡♥ts✱ ✐♠❛❣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ♠♦st ✐♠♣♦r✲
t❛♥t❧②✱ ♦❢ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s ♦❢ ❤♦r♠♦♥❡s✱ ♥❡✉r♦tr❛♥s♠✐tt❡rs
✭✏✐♥♥❡r ✇❛t❡rs✑✮ ❞❡♣❡♥❞s ♦♥ t❤❡ ❝♦♥t❡①t ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ♣❡r✲
s♦♥✳ ❋♦r ❛ ✇❛rr✐♦r ✇❤♦ ✇❛s ♦♥ ❛ ❝❛♠♣❛✐❣♥ ❢♦r ❛ ❧♦♥❣
t✐♠❡✱ s✐♠♣❧❡ ✇♦r❞ ✏❤♦♠❡✑ ✐s ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡✱ ❢♦r s♦♠❡ ♦♥❡ ✇❤♦
s✉✛❡r❡❞ ✐♥❥✉st✐❝❡ t❤❡ ✇♦r❞ ✏r❡✈❡♥❣❡✑ ♠✐❣❤t ❜❡ str♦♥❣❧②
❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ♦❢ r❡s♦❧✈❡ t♦ ❛❝t ❛♥❞ ♦❢ ♠♦❜✐❧✐③✐♥❣ ❜♦❞② r❡✲
s♦✉r❝❡s ❢♦r ❛ ✜❣❤t✳ ❖♥❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ♣r❡♦❝❝✉♣❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ♣♦❡ts ♦❢
❘❱ ✐s t♦ ✜♥❞✱ ❝♦♠♣♦s❡ ✈❡r❜❛❧ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛s ✭bráhman✮ ❝♦♥✲
s✐st✐♥❣ ♦❢ ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s ❛♥❞ ❛✐♠❡❞ ❛t ❛tt❛✐♥✐♥❣
❛ ♣❛rt✐❝✉❧❛r ♠✐♥❞s❡t ❛♥❞ ❜♦❞✐❧② ❞✐s♣♦s✐t✐♦♥s ✐♥ t❤♦s❡
✇❤♦ r❡♣❡❛t ♦r ❧✐st❡♥ t♦ s✉❝❤ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥s✳

.ŕc ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❛ ✈❡rs❡❀ ❏❇✿ ✈❡rs✐✜❡r✱ ✶✺✳

śám
. sa ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ r❡❝✐t❛t✐♦♥✱ s♣❡❧❧✱ ❜❧❡ss✐♥❣❀ ❛❞❥✳✱ ❜❧❡ss✐♥❣✱
✶✾✳

suvr.ktı́ ❛❞❥✳✱ ❏❇✿ ✇❡❧❧✲t✇✐st❡❞ ✭✈❡rs❡✱ ♣❤r❛s❡✮✱ ✶✼✳

kāvyá ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ❉❙✿ ♣♦❡tr②✱ ♣♦❡t✐❝ ✐♥s♣✐r❛t✐♦♥✱ ✼✳

śám
. sya ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ t♦✲❜❡✲r❡❝✐t❡❞❀ ♣r❛✐s❡✇♦rt❤②✱ ✾✳

✖✖

háva ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❝❛❧❧✱ ✐♥✈♦❝❛t✐♦♥✱ ✹✼✳

hávana ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❝❤❛❧❧❡♥❣❡✱ s✉♠♠♦♥✱ ✶✶✳

hávya ❛❞❥✳✱ ❉❙✿ t♦ ❜❡ ❝❛❧❧❡❞ ✉♣♦♥✱ t♦ ❜❡ s✉♠♠♦♥❡❞✱ ✷✹✳

√
hūtá ♣❛ss✐✈❡ ♣❛st ♣❛rt✐❝✐♣❧❡ ♦❢ hve✱ ♦♥❧② ✐♥ ❝♦♠♣✳ puruhūtá✱
❉❙✿ ✐♥✈♦❦❡❞✱ ✻✼✳

hūtı́ ♥♦✉♥ ❢✳✱ ▼❲✿ ✐♥✈♦❝❛t✐♦♥✱ ❝❛❧❧✐♥❣✱ ✶✷✳

vā´has ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❝♦♥✈❡②✐♥❣❀ ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ❛♥ ✐♥✈♦❝❛t✐♦♥✱ ❛ ❝♦♥✈❡②✲

✐♥❣✱ ✷✾✳

vı̄tı́ ♥♦✉♥ ❢✳✱ ❉❙✿ ❛r♦✉s❛❧✱ ❛r♦✉s✐♥❣❀ ▼❲✿ ❛ ❢✉❧❧ ❞r❛✉❣❤t✱ ✶✵✳

✖✖

námas ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ❉❙✿ r❡✈❡r❡♥❝❡✱ ▼❲✿ ❛❞♦r❛t✐♦♥✱ ❤♦♠❛❣❡✱ r❡✈✲

❡r❡♥t✐❛❧ s❛❧✉t❛t✐♦♥✱ ✸✽✳
✶✸✺✻ ❱♦❝❛❜✉❧❛r②
śūs.a ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❤✐❣❤s♣✐r✐t❡❞✱ ✶✵✳
havı́s ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❛♥ ♦❜❧❛t✐♦♥✱ ❛♥ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣✱ ❛ ❜✉r♥t ♦✛❡r✐♥❣✱
✶✽ ✳
havı́s.mant ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ♦❜❧❛t✐♦♥s✱ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣ ♦❜❧❛t✐♦♥s✱ ❛❝❝♦♠✲
♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② ❛♥ ♦❜❧❛t✐♦♥✱ ✼✳
havyá ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ♦❜❧❛t✐♦♥✱ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣✱ ✷✶✳
rātá ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ♦✛❡r❡❞✱ ♣r❡s❡♥t❡❞✱ ❣r❛♥t❡❞✱ ✼✳
barhı́s ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ▼❲✿ s❛❝r✐✜❝✐❛❧ ❣r❛ss❀ ✇❤❛t ✇❛s ♣❧✉❝❦❡❞ ♦✉t✱
✹✸✳
vr.kta ❛❞❥✳✱ ♦♥❧② ✐♥ ❝♦♠♣✳ vr.ktábarhis✱ ▼❲✿ t✇✐st❡❞✱ ✼✳
ghr.tá ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❣❤❡❡✱ ✷✹✳
■♥ t❤❡ ✐♥♥❡r s❡♥s❡ ✐t ✐s ❛ s②♠❜♦❧ ♦❢ tr❛♥s♠✉t❛❜✐❧✐t② ✖
♣❤②s✐❝❛❧ ❣❤❡❡ ❡❛s✐❧② ❣♦❡s ❢r♦♠ s♦❧✐❞ st❛t❡ ✭✇❤❡♥ ❝♦❧❞✮
t♦ ❧✐q✉✐❞ ✭✇❤❡♥ ❤❡❛t❡❞✮ t♦ ✢❛♠❡s ✭✇❤❡♥ ❜✉r♥s✮ ✇✐t❤♦✉t
❛♥② r❡s✐❞✉❡❀ ✐t ✐s ❛❧s♦ ❛ s②♠❜♦❧ ♦❢ ❝❧❡❛r ✉♥❞❡rst❛♥❞✐♥❣
t❤❛t ❢♦❝✉s❡s ❛♥❞ ❢❡❡❞s t❤❡ ✐♥♥❡r ✜r❡✳
✏❚❤❡ ghrt.a ♦❢ t❤❡ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡ ✐s t❤❡ ②✐❡❧❞ ♦❢ t❤❡ s❤✐♥✐♥❣ ❈♦✇❀
✐t ✐s t❤❡ ❝❧❛r✐t② ♦r ❜r✐❣❤t♥❡ss ♦❢ t❤❡ s♦❧❛r ❧✐❣❤t ✐♥ t❤❡ ❤✉♠❛♥
♠❡♥t❛❧✐t②✳✑ ❬❆✉r♦❜✐♥❞♦✱ ✶✾✾✽✱ ♣✳ ✷✹✸❪

✖✖
vr.jána ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❛ s❛❝r✐✜❝✐❛❧ ❡♥❝❧♦s✉r❡✱ ❛♥ ❡♥❝❧♦s✉r❡❀ ❞❡✲
❝❡✐t✱ ✷✵✳
❚❤✐s ♠✐❣❤t ❞❡♥♦t❡ ❡♥❝❧♦s✉r❡ t❤❛t ✐s ❧✐❦❡ ❛ r✐♥❣ ❢♦r ✜❣❤t✲
✐♥❣✱ ❛ ♣❧❛❝❡ t♦ ♣❡r❢♦r♠✐♥❣✴❧❡❛r♥✐♥❣ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡s✱ ♦r ❛ ❝✐r❝❧❡
♦❢ ❧✐❦❡✲♠✐♥❞❡❞ ✜❣❤t❡rs✳
vrajá ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❡♥❝❧♦s✉r❡❀ ❉❙✿ s❛❝r✐✜❝✐❛❧ ❝✐r❝❧❡✱ ✷✻✳
✖✖
sávana ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ❛❞❥✳✱ ♣r❡ss✐♥❣ ✭♦❢ Soma✮❀ ♣r❡ss❡❞ ♦✉t ❥✉✐❝❡s✱
✻✻✳
sótr. ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ♣r❡ss❡r ✭♦❢ Soma✮✱ ✼✳
sús.vi ❛❞❥✳✱ ♣r❡ss✐♥❣ Soma✱ ✼✳
ándhas ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❛♥ ❤❡r❜✱ ❥✉✐❝❡✱ Soma ❥✉✐❝❡✱ ✺✼✳
❘✐t✉❛❧s✱ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡✱ t❤❡✐r ♣❛rt✐❝✐♣❛♥ts ❛♥❞ ♠❡❛♥s ✶✸✺✼

sutá ♣❛ss✐✈❡ ♣❛st ♣❛rt✐❝✐♣❧❡ ♦❢ √su✱

▼❲✿ ♣r❡ss❡❞ ♦✉t✱ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞❀ ♥♦✉♥✱ ❛♥ ❡①tr❛❝t✱ ✷✸✹✳
sús.uta ❛❞❥✳✱ ✇❡❧❧✲♣r❡ss❡❞✱ ✇❡❧❧✲❡①tr❛❝t❡❞✱ ✽✳
mádhu ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❤♦♥❡②❀ ❛❞❥✳ s✇❡❡t✱ ❤♦♥❡②❡❞ ✻✾✳
mádhumat ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ r✐❝❤ ✐♥ ❤♦♥❡②❀ ❉❙✿ s✇❡❡t✱ ✶✷✳
tı̄vrá ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ♣✉♥❣❡♥t✱ ✶✸✳
āśı́r ♥♦✉♥ ❢✳✱ ▼❲✿ ♠✐①t✉r❡✱ ✶✼✳
Yaska ✭◆✐r✳✻✳✽✮ ❞❡r✐✈❡s ✐t ❢r♦♠ r♦♦t śr̄. ✏t♦ ♠✐①✑ ♦r śrā ✏t♦
❝♦♦❦✑ ✇✐t❤ ♣r❡✜① ā✲ ✳

somyá ❛❞❥✳✱ ❝♦♥t❛✐♥✐♥❣ Soma✱ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣ Soma✱ ✐♥s♣✐r❡❞ ❜② Soma✱

✷✵✳
somı́n ❛❞❥✳✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ Soma✱ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣ Soma✱ ✶✷✳
śúci ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ s❤✐♥✐♥❣✱ ❣❧❡❛♠✐♥❣✱ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t✐♥❣❀ ♣✉r❡✱ ✐♥♥♦✲
❝❡♥t✱ ✶✹✳
ı́s. ♥♦✉♥ ❢✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❛ ❧✐❜❛t✐♦♥✱ ❛ r❡❢r❡s❤✐♥❣ ❞r✐♥❦✱ ❛ ❞r❛✉❣❤t✱
❛ r❡❢r❡s❤♠❡♥t ✻✹✳
svādú ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ♣❛❧❛t❛❜❧❡✱ s✇❡❡t✱ ❛❣r❡❡❛❜❧❡✱ ✶✶✳
pı̄tı́ ♥♦✉♥ ❢✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❛ ❞r❛✉❣❤t✱ ❞r✐♥❦✐♥❣❀ ♣r♦t❡❝t✐♦♥ ✭♦♥❧② ✐♥
nr.pı̄ti✮❀ ❉❙✿ ❛ ❞r✐♥❦✱ ✺✸✳
médha ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ ♥♦✉r✐s❤✐♥❣ ❞r✐♥❦❀ ❛♥✐♠❛❧ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡✱ ✾✳
péya ♥♦✉♥ ❢✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❛ ❞r✐♥❦ ✭♦♥❧② ✐♥ ❝♦♠♣✳✮✱ ✶✸✳
pipyús.ı̄ ❛❞❥✳❢✳✱ ❏❇✿ s✇❡❧❧✐♥❣✱ s✇❡❧❧❡❞✱ ✽✳
pā´tra ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❣♦❜❧❡t✱ ✽✳
kaláśa ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❥❛r✱ ✾✳
camū´ ♥♦✉♥ ❢✳✱ ❉❙✿ ❜♦✇❧✱ r❡❝❡♣t❛❝❧❡✱ ✶✶✳
ámatra ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ❏❇✿ t❛♥❦❛r❞✱ ✷✳
sadhamā´da ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❞r✐♥❦✐♥❣ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥✱ ❞r✐♥❦✐♥❣ ❜♦✉t✱ ✾✳
sadhamā´dya ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❝♦♥✈✐✈✐❛❧✱ ❏❇✿ ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ❢❡❛st✐♥❣ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✲
✐♦♥✱ ✼✳
✶✸✺✽ ❱♦❝❛❜✉❧❛r②
puro..dā´śa ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ▼❲✿ s❛❝r✐✜❝✐❛❧ ❝❛❦❡✱ ✶✷✳
❊①♣❧✐❝✐t❧② ♦✛❡r✐♥❣ ❜r❛✐♥ t♦ ❛ deva ✐s ❝❛❧❧❡❞ purodāśa ✖
s❡❡ ❬❈❛rr✐✱ ✷✵✵✵✱ ♣✳✻✹❪ ❢♦r ❛ ❞✐s❝✉ss✐♦♥✳

dhānā´ ♥♦✉♥ ❢✳✱ ♦♥❧② ♣❧✳ ▼❲✿ ❣r❛✐♥s✱ ✶✶✳

✖✖

dh´ı̄ ♥♦✉♥ ❢✳✱ ▼❲✿ t❤♦✉❣❤t✱ ❏●✿ ✈✐s✐♦♥❀ ❉❙✿ ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥❀

✐♠❛❣❡r②❀ ♠❡♥t❛❧ s❝❤❡♠❛✱ ❛♥ ❛♥❛❧♦❣②✱ ✶✵✼✳ ■t ✐s ❛ ✈✐s✐♦♥
t❤❛t ✐s ♥♦t ♠❡❞✐❛t❡❞ ❜② s❡♥s❡ ♦r❣❛♥s ♦r ❝❛✉s❡❞ ❜② s❡♥✲
s♦r② st✐♠✉❧✐✳ ■t ✐s ♠♦r❡ ❧✐❦❡ ✏✐♥t✉✐t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❤✐❞❞❡♥ ❢r♦♠
s❡♥s❡s str✉❝t✉r❡s✑✳ ❆ dhı̄ ✐s ♥♦t ♥❡❝❡ss❛r✐❧② ❝♦♥✜♥❡❞ t♦
✈✐s✉❛❧ ♠♦❞❛❧✐t②✱ ❜✉t ❝♦✉❧❞ ❤❛✈❡ s♦✉♥❞s✱ s♠❡❧❧s✱ t❛st❡s✱
t♦✉❝❤✐♥❣✱ ❛♥❞ ♣✉r❡❧② ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❞✐♠❡♥s✐♦♥✳
❙❡❡ ❝❤❛♣t❡r ✏ Dhı̄h
. ✐♥ t❤❡ R
. gveda✑ ✐♥ ❬●♦♥❞❛✱ ✶✾✽✹✱ ♣♣✳✻✽✲
✶✻✾❪✳

dhı̄tı́ ♥♦✉♥ ❢✳✱ ❉❙✿ ❛ st❛❜❧❡ ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥❀ ❛ ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥ ❛♥❞

✐t✬s ❡✛❡❝ts✱ ✶✼✳

dhis.án.ā ♥♦✉♥ ❢✳✱ ❉❙✿ ❛♥ ❡✛♦rt t♦ ✈✐s✉❛❧✐③❡✱ ❛♥ ❡✛♦rt t♦ ❤❛✈❡ ❛

dhı̄✱ ✶✷✳

matı́ ♥♦✉♥ ❢✳✱ ❉❙✿ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❣❡st✉r❡✱ ❝♦♥t❡♠♣❧❛t✐♦♥❀ ▼❲✿ ❛❞❥✳✱

✐♥t❡❧❧✐❣❡♥t✱ ✹✵✳

manı̄s.ā´ ♥♦✉♥ ❢✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❛ ❝♦♥❝❡♣t✐♦♥❀ ❛♥ ✐❞❡❛✱ ❛ r❡✢❡❝t✐♦♥❀ ❉❙✿

t❤❡ r✐❣❤t✴❝♦rr❡❝t ❝♦♥❝❡♣t✐♦♥✱ ✷✶✳

sádman ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳♥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❛ s❡❛t✱ ❛❜♦❞❡✱ ❞✇❡❧❧✐♥❣❀ s✐tt❡r✱ ✶✶✳

nā´bhi ♥♦✉♥ ❢✳✱ ▼❲✿ ♥❛✈❡❧✱ ❝❡♥t❡r✱ ❥✉♥❝t✐♦♥✱ ✺✳

sámbhr.ta ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❜r♦✉❣❤t t♦❣❡t❤❡r✱ ♣r❡♣❛r❡❞✱ ❛❝❝✉♠✉❧❛t❡❞✱

❝♦♥❝❡♥tr❛t❡❞❀ ❉❙✿ ❜✉♥❞❧❡❞✱ ✶✶✳

mā´na ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❧✐❦❡♥❡ss❀ ❞❡❝♦❝t✐♦♥✱ ✷✳

❈❤❛r❛❝t❡r✐st✐❝s r❡❧❛t❡❞ t♦ Indra

vŕ..san ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❛ ❜✉❧❧❀ t❤❛t ✇❤✐❝❤ ✐♠♣r❡❣♥❛t❡s❀ ❛❞❥✳✱
✐♠♣r❡❣♥❛t✐♥❣✱ ✸✵✼✳ ■♥ t❤❡ ♠❡❛♥✐♥❣ ✏r❡s❡♠❜❧✐♥❣ ❛ ❜✉❧❧✱
❛♣♣❡❛r✐♥❣ ❛s ❛ ❜✉❧❧✑ ✐t ♠❛② r❡❢❡r t♦ Indra✱ t♦ Soma✱ t♦
❞r♦♣s ♦❢ Soma ❥✉✐❝❡✱ Marut✲s✱ Rudra✱ Agni✱ ❡t❝✳
vr..sabhá ❛❞❥✳✱ ❉❙✿ r❡s❡♠❜❧✐♥❣ ❛ ❜✉❧❧✱ ❛♣♣❡❛r✐♥❣ ❛s ❛ ❜✉❧❧✱ ✾✼✳
❈❤❛r❛❝t❡r✐st✐❝s r❡❧❛t❡❞ t♦ Indra ✶✸✺✾

vŕ..san.a ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳ ❜✉❧❧❀ ❛❞❥✳✱ ❉❙✿ ✐♠♣r❡❣♥❛t✐♥❣✱ ❜✉❧❧✲❧✐❦❡✱ ✶✺✳

vŕ..san.i ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳ ❛ r❛♠❀ ❛❞❥✳✱ ♠❛♥❧②✱ ❜✉❧❧✐s❤✱ ♣♦✇❡r❢✉❧✱ ✾✳
vŕ..sn.ya ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ♠❛♥❧② ♣♦✇❡r✱ ✈✐r✐❧✐t②✱ ♠❛♥❧✐♥❡ss❀ ❛❞❥✳✱
♠❛♥❧②✱ ✷✶✳ Pr♦❜✳ vr..sn.i✲yat✳
ugrá ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❢❡r♦❝✐♦✉s✱ ✜❡r❝❡✱ ✈✐♦❧❡♥t✱ s❛✈❛❣❡✱ ✇r❛t❤❢✉❧❀
s❤❛r♣ ✭♣❛✐♥✮❀ ♥♦✉♥✱ ♠✳ ✇r❛t❤ ✶✷✷✳
abhı́bhūti ❛❞❥✳✱ ❉❙✿ ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣✱ ✶✶✳
turván.i ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ♦✈❡r♣♦✇❡r✐♥❣✱ ✼✳
právr.ddha ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ✐♥t❡♥s❡✱ ✼✳

dus..tára ❛❞❥✳✱ ❉❙✿ ❞✐✣❝✉❧t t♦ s✉r♣❛ss✱ ❞✐✣❝✉❧t✲t♦✲❛✈♦✐❞✱ ✾✳

bhı̄má ❛❞❥✳✱ ❉❙✿ t❡rr✐❢②✐♥❣✱ ❢❡❛rs♦♠❡✱ ✶✷✳
manyú ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ r❛❣❡✱ ❢✉r②✱ ❛♥❣❡r❀ ♣❛ss✐♦♥✱ ✷✵✳
√
.rghāy ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ r❛✈❡✱ t♦ r❛❣❡ ✻✳

śús.ma ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡❀ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱ ❉❙✿ ❢❡r✈♦r✱ ✜t ♦❢ ❢❡r✲

✈♦r✱ ③❡❛❧❀ ❛❞❥✳ ▼❙✿ r♦❛r✐♥❣✱ ❢✉❧❧✲♦❢✲s❡①✉❛❧✲❡♥❡r❣②❀ ❉❙✿
❢❡r✈❡♥t✱ ♠♦✉t❤✲❞r②✐♥❣ ✭Soma✮✱ ✹✾✳
ójas ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱ ❢r❡♥③②✱ ❡♥❡r❣②✱ ❛❜✐❧✐t② ✶✷✽✳ ❚❤❡
✈✐❣♦✉r ❞❡♥♦t❡❞ ❜② ojas ✐s ♦❢ ❡①tr❡♠❡ ♥❛t✉r❡✱ ❛❦✐♥ t♦ ❛
❢r❡♥③②✳
ójis..tha ❛❞❥✳✱ ❉❙✿ t❤❡ ♠♦st ✈✐❣♦✉r♦✉s✱ ✐♥❞❡❢❛t✐❣❛❜❧❡❀ t❤❡ ♠♦st
✜❡r❝❡✱ ✶✷✳
váyas ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❛♥❞✴♦r ❜♦❞✐❧② ❡♥❡r❣②✴✈✐❣♦✉r✱ ❛♥
❡♥❡r❣②✱ ✸✵✳
ı́s.a ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ♣♦ss❡ss✐♥❣ s❛♣ ❛♥❞ str❡♥❣t❤✱ ✶✶✳
sūnú ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❛♥ ✐♥❝✐t❡r✱ ✾✳
√
vr.h ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ t❡❛r✱ t♦ ✉♣r♦♦t❀ ✇✐t❤ ud✲ t♦ ♣✉❧❧
♦✉t✱ ✽✳
prasavá ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ❉❙✿ ✐♠♣✉❧s✐♦♥✱ ✾✳
✶✸✻✵ ❱♦❝❛❜✉❧❛r②
vā´ja ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ❉❙✿ ❛ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r❀ ▼❲✿ ❛ ♣r✐③❡❀ ❛ ❜❛tt❧❡✱
✶✽✻✳ ❚❤❡ ♠❡❛♥✐♥❣ ✏♣r✐③❡✱ ❜♦♦t②✱ r❡✇❛r❞✑ ✐s ❞❡r✐✈❛t✐✈❡
❛s ❝❛♥ ❜❡ s❡❡♥ ❢r♦♠ ✻✳✷✻✳✷❛❜✳

sahasrı́n ❛❞❥✳✱ ❉❙✿ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞ ❡✛❡❝ts✱ ❧❡❛❞✐♥❣ t♦ ❛ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞

❞✐✛❡r❡♥t t❤✐♥❣s✱ ✾✳

śus.mı́n ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ✜❡r②✱ ♠❡tt❧❡s♦♠❡✱ ✶✷✳

tves.á ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ✈❡❤❡♠❡♥t✱ ✼✳

áma ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ✈✐♦❧❡♥t ❛❣✐t❛t✐♦♥✱ ❢♦r❝❡❢✉❧♥❡ss✱ ✻✳

ámatra ❛❞❥✳✱ ✐♥str✉♠❡♥t❛❧ t♦ ❜❡✐♥❣ ❢♦r❝❡❢✉❧✱ ❢❛❝✐❧✐t❛t✐♥❣ ❢♦r❝❡✲

❢✉❧♥❡ss✱ ❝♦♠♣❡❧❧✐♥❣✱ ✹✳

dhr..sn.ú ❛❞❥✳✱ ❉❙✿ ❞❛r✐♥❣✱ ❞❡✜❛♥t✱ ✸✶✳

dhr..sn.uyā´ ✐♥❞❡❝❧✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❜♦❧❞❧②❀ ❉❙✿ ❞❛r✐♥❣❧②✱ ✼✳

dhr..sát ❛❞❥✳✱ ❉❙✿ ❞❛r✐♥❣✱ ❞❡✜❛♥t✱ ✶✺✳

√
dhr..s ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ❞❛r❡✱ t♦ ❜❡ ❜♦❧❞✱ ❉❙✿ t♦ ❛tt❛❝❦❀
✇✐t❤ prati✲ t♦ r✐✈❛❧❀ ▼❲✿ ✇✐t❤ ā✲ t♦ ❛tt❛❝❦❀ ✾✳

dhr..satā´ ✐♥❞❡❝❧✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❜♦❧❞❧②✱ ❝♦✉r❛❣❡♦✉s❧②✱ ✶✵✳

śivá ❛❞❥✳✱ ❉❙✿ ❞❡str♦②✐♥❣ r❡❛❝t✐✈❡ ✐♠♣✉❧s✐✈❡♥❡ss✱ ✶✶✳

máda ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ ✇✐♥❡✱ ✐♥t♦①✐❝❛t✐♥❣ ❞r✐♥❦❀ r❛♣t✉r❡✱ ✐♥t♦①✲

✐❝❛t✐♦♥✱ ❡①❝✐t❡♠❡♥t✱ ❉❙✿ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t✐♦♥❀ ❞❛t✳ t♦ ✐♥✢❛♠❡❀
❛❞❥✳✱ ✐♥t♦①✐❝❛t✐♥❣✱ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t✐♥❣✱ ✶✹✾✳

mandasāná ❛❞❥✳✱ ❉❙✿ ❡①❛❧t✐♥❣✱ ♣r♦❝✉r✐♥❣ ❥♦②❀ ❜❡❝♦♠✐♥❣ ❡①❤✐❧❛✲

r❛t❡❞✱ ✶✾✳

mandı́n ❛❞❥✳✱ ❉❙✿ ♣♦ss❡ss✐♥❣✲♦❢✲❞❡❧✐❣❤t✱ ♣♦ss❡ss✐♥❣ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t✐♦♥✱

✶✶✳

virapśı́n ❛❞❥✳✱ ❡①✉❜❡r❛♥t✱ ✽✳

mahimán ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ✐♥❝r❡❛s❡ ✐♥ s✐③❡✱ ❢♦r❝❡✱ ✹✵✳

sthirá ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ st❡❛❞②✱ st❡❛❞❢❛st✱ r❡s♦❧✉t❡✱ r❡❧❡♥t❧❡ss❀ st✉r❞②❀

♥♦t ✇❛✈❡r✐♥❣❀ ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳ r❡s♦❧✈❡✱ ✐♥ ♣❧✳ r❡s✐st❛♥❝❡✱ ✷✵✳

cyautná ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❝♦♥tr✐✈❛♥❝❡❀ s❤❛❦✐♥❣✱ ✶✵✳

sthávira ❛❞❥✳✱ ❉❙✿ ❡♥❞✉r✐♥❣❀ ▼❲✿ s♦❧✐❞✱ ✶✶✳

❈❤❛r❛❝t❡r✐st✐❝s r❡❧❛t❡❞ t♦ Indra ✶✸✻✶

ajára ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ♥♦t s✉❜❥❡❝t t♦ ♦❧❞ ❛❣❡✱ ✉♥❞❡❝❛②✐♥❣✱ ✶✵✳

ajuryá ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ♥♦t s✉❜❥❡❝t t♦ ♦❧❞ ❛❣❡✱ ✉♥❞❡❝❛②✐♥❣✱ ✻✳

aryá ❛❞❥✳✱ ❉❙✿ t♦ ❜❡ ❝♦♥❞✉❝t❡❞ ✉♣✇❛r❞s✱ t♦ ❜❡ r❛✐s❡❞❀ ❛s♣✐r✲

✐♥❣✱ ✻✳

sáhas ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ❏●✿ ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ str❡♥❣t❤✱ ❉❙✿ ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣

❢♦r❝❡✱ ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ ♣♦✇❡r❀❛❞❥✳✱ ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣✱ ✻✷✳
❙❡❡ ✏❚❤❡ ♠❡❛♥✐♥❣ ♦❢ s❦t✳ ♠❛❤❛s ❛♥❞ ✐ts r❡❧❛t✐✈❡s✑ ✐♥
❬●♦♥❞❛✱ ✶✾✼✺❜✱ ♣♣✳ ✹✺✵✕✹✽✺❪✳

tavás ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ♣♦✇❡r✱ str❡♥❣t❤❀ ❛❞❥✳✱ str♦♥❣✱ ❡♥❡r❣❡t✐❝❀

❉❙✿ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ♣♦✇❡r ♦✈❡r✱ ✶✾✳

śāká ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ ♣♦✇❡r✱ ♠✐❣❤t✱ ❤❡❧♣✱ ✾✳

turá ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ♣r♦♠♣t✱ q✉✐❝❦✱ ✇✐❧❧✐♥❣❀ ❉❙✿ ♦✈❡r♣♦✇❡r✐♥❣ ✶✾✳

vr.ddhá ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ str♦♥❣❡r✱ ❛✉❣♠❡♥t❡❞✱ ❏❇✿ ❢✉❧❧✲❣r♦✇♥✱ ❉❙✿

st❤r❡♥❣t❤❡♥❡❞✱ r❡✐♥❢♦r❝❡❞✱ ✶✺✳

yuván ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ②♦✉♥❣✱ ②♦✉t❤❢✉❧❀ ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ❛ ②♦✉t❤✱ ✷✷✳

vájra ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t❀ ♦♥❝❡ ❛❞❥✳ ✐♠♣❡♥❡tr❛❜❧❡✱

✶✻✵✳

vajrı́n ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ❉❙✿ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲✇✐❡❧❞❡r✱ ❛❞❥✳✱ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲

✇✐❡❧❞✐♥❣✱ ✐♥ ♣♦ss❡ss✐♦♥ ♦❢ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✱ ❜❡❛r✐♥❣ t❤✉♥✲
❞❡r❜♦❧t✱ ✼✹✳

vajrivat ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ❉❙✿ t❤✉♥❞❡r❜♦❧t✲❜❡❛r❡r✱ ✷✵✳

ádrivat ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ st♦♥❡✲✇✐❡❧❞❡r✱ ✹✼✳ ❆♥ ❡♣✐t❤❡t ♦❢ Indra✳

hantŕ. ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ s❧❛②❡r✱ ✾✳

hántama ❛❞❥✳✱ ♦♥❧② ✐♥ ❝♦♠♣✳ vr.trahántama✱ ❉❙✿ t❤❡ ❜❡st s❧❛②❡r✱

t❤❡ ❜❡st ❛t s❧❛②✐♥❣✱ ✶✺✳

ghaná ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❞❡str♦②❡r❀ ❝❧✉❜ ✭❤❛♠♠❡r✲❧✐❦❡ ✇❡❛♣♦♥✮❀

str✐❦✐♥❣❀ ❉❙✿ ♥✳ str✐❦❡✲❢♦r❝❡✱ ✾✳

hárivant ❛❞❥✳✱ ❉❙✿ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞✲❜②✲t❛✇♥②✲♦♥❡s✱ ✹✼✳ ❍❡r❡ ✏t❛✇♥②

♦♥❡s✑ s♦♠❡t✐♠❡s r❡❢❡rs t♦ ❞r♦♣s ♦❢ Soma ❥✉✐❝❡✱ ♦t❤❡r
t✐♠❡s t♦ t✇♦ ❤♦rs❡s ♦❢ Indra✳
✶✸✻✷ ❱♦❝❛❜✉❧❛r②
krátu ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ❏●✿ r❡s♦✉r❝❡❢✉❧♥❡ss✱ ❉❙✿ ✇✐❧❡✱ s❦✐❧❧✱ ❆❯✿ t❤❡
♣♦✇❡r ❡✛❡❝t✐✈❡ ♦❢ ❛❝t✐♦♥✱ ▼❲✿ ❞❡s✐❣♥✱ ♣❧❛♥✱ ✉♥❞❡r✲
st❛♥❞✐♥❣❀
❛❞❥✳✱ ❉❙✿ s❦✐❧❧❢✉❧✱ r❡s♦✉r❝❡❢✉❧✱ ✶✹✵✳
✏♣♦✇❡r ♦r str❡♥❣t❤ ✭t❤❡ ●r❡❡❦ ❦r❛t♦s✮ ❡✛❡❝t✐✈❡ ♦❢ ❛❝t✐♦♥✑
❬❆✉r♦❜✐♥❞♦✱ ✶✾✾✽✱ ♣✳✻✸❪

sukrátu ❛❞❥✳✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❣♦♦❞ ❞❡s✐❣♥s✱ s❦✐❧❧❢✉❧✱ ✶✻✳

sāsahı́ ❛❞❥✳✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ✇❛②s t♦ ♣r❡✈❛✐❧✱ ✼✳

dáks.a ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ❆❯✿ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r ♦❢ ❞✐s❝❡r♥♠❡♥t✱ ❛❞❥✳ ❞✐s❝❡r♥✲

✐♥❣✱ ✶✽✳
✏✳✳✳♠❡♥t❛❧ ♣♦✇❡r ♦r ❡s♣❡❝✐❛❧❧② t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r ♦❢ ❥✉❞❣♠❡♥t✱ ❞✐s❝❡r♥♠❡♥t✳✑ ❬❆✉r♦❜✐♥❞♦✱
♣✳✼✸❪

dh´ı̄ra ❛❞❥✳✱ ❢❛❝✐❧✐t❛t✐♥❣ ❝♦♥t❡♠♣❧❛t✐♦♥s✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ♠❡♥t❛❧ s❝❤❡♠❛s

❢♦r ❛♥ ❡✛❡❝t✐✈❡ ❝♦♥t❡♠♣❧❛t✐♦♥✱ ✐♥t❡❧❧✐❣❡♥t✱ ✼✳
❏❛♥ ●♦♥❞❛✿ ✏❚❤❡ ❛❞❥❡❝t✐✈❡ dhı̄rāsah. ❝❤❛r❛❝t❡r✐③❡s t❤❡ s❛❣❡s
❛s ❤❛✈✐♥❣ r❡❝❡✐✈❡❞ t❤❡ ✈✐s✐♦♥ ❛♥❞ ✐♥s♣✐r❛t✐♦♥ ♥❡❡❞❡❞ ❢♦r ❛
s✉❝❝❡ss❢✉❧ ♣❡r❢♦r♠❛♥❝❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ r✐t❡s✳✑ ❬●♦♥❞❛✱ ✶✾✺✾❪✳

daks.in.a ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❞❡①t❡r♦✉s✱ ✶✳

sūnŕ.ta ❛❞❥✳✱ ❉❙✿ ✇❡❧❧✲✜tt✐♥❣✱ s✉✐t❛❜❧❡✱ ✶✶✳

marútvant ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② Marut✲s✱ ✹✵✳

svadhā´ ♥♦✉♥ ❢✳✱ ▼❲✿ ✐♥❤❡r❡♥t ♣♦✇❡r✱ ♥❛t✉r❛❧ ❞✐s♣♦s✐t✐♦♥✱ ♣r❡✲

❞✐s♣♦s✐t✐♦♥❀ ❉❙✿ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r ♦❢ s❡❧❢✲❞❡t❡r♠✐♥❛t✐♦♥✱ s❡❧❢✲
❞❡t❡r♠✐♥❡❞ ❝♦✉rs❡✱ s♣♦♥t❛♥❡✐t②❀ ✭✐♥str✳✮ ▼❲✿ ❛t ♦✇♥
♣❧❡❛s✉r❡✱ ✇❛♥t♦♥❧② ❉❙✿ ♦❢ ♦✇♥ ❛❝❝♦r❞✱ ✶✻✳

śū´ra ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ❉❙✿ ❛♥ ❛❣❡♥t ♦❢ ❝❤❛♥❣❡❀ ❛ ❞❡❝✐s✐✈❡ ❛❝t✐♦♥❀

▼❲✿ ❛ ❤❡r♦✱ ✶✹✵✳
Śūra ✐s t❤❡ ♦♥❡ ✇❤♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡s ❞❡❝✐s✐✈❡❧② t❤❡ ❝♦✉rs❡ ♦❢ ❛
❜❛tt❧❡✱ ♦❢ ❛ ❝♦♥✢✐❝t✱ ♦r r❡s♦❧✈❡s ✐♥ ❛ ❞❡❝✐s✐✈❡ ♠❛♥♥❡r ❛♥
✉♥❝❡rt❛✐♥t②✱ ♦r ✜♥❞s ❛ s♦❧✉t✐♦♥ t♦ s❡❡♠✐♥❣❧② ✉♥s♦❧✈❛❜❧❡
♣r♦❜❧❡♠✳
❲❤❡♥ r❡❢❡rr✐♥❣ t♦ ❛ ✜❣❤t❡r✱ śūra ♠❡❛♥s ✏t❤❡ ♦♥❡✑✱ ✏t❤❡
✇❛rr✐♦r✑ ✐♥ t❤❡ ❢♦❧❧♦✇✐♥❣ s❛②✐♥❣ ❛s❝r✐❜❡❞ t♦ ❘♦♠❛♥ ❣❡♥✲
❡r❛❧ ❍❡r✐❝❧❡t✉s✱ ✏❖❢ ❡✈❡r② ♦♥❡ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞ ♠❡♥ ❬t❤❡② s❡♥❞
♠❡❪✱ t❡♥ s❤♦✉❧❞♥✬t ❡✈❡♥ ❜❡ t❤❡r❡✱ ❡✐❣❤t② ❛r❡ ♥♦t❤✐♥❣
❜✉t t❛r❣❡ts✱ ♥✐♥❡ ❛r❡ r❡❛❧ ✜❣❤t❡rs✳ ❲❡ ❛r❡ ❧✉❝❦② t♦ ❤❛✈❡
t❤❡♠✳ ❚❤❡② ♠❛❦❡ t❤❡ ❜❛tt❧❡✳ ❆❤✱ ❜✉t t❤❡ ♦♥❡✱ ♦♥❡ ♦❢
t❤❡♠ ✐s ❛ ❲❛rr✐♦r✱ ❛♥❞ ❤❡ ✇✐❧❧ ❜r✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♦t❤❡rs ❜❛❝❦✳✑
❈❤❛r❛❝t❡r✐st✐❝s r❡❧❛t❡❞ t♦ Indra ✶✸✻✸

svarā´jya ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ❉❙✿ ❛✉t♦♥♦♠②✱ ✐♥❞❡♣❡♥❞❡♥❝❡✱ ✷✵✳

svarā´j ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ s❡❧❢✲r✉❧✐♥❣✱ ✶✷✳

kévala ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❡①❝❧✉s✐✈❡❧② s♦♠❡♦♥❡✬s✱ ✐s♦❧❛t❡❞✱ ♥♦t ❝♦♥✲

♥❡❝t❡❞ ✇✐t❤ ❛♥②t❤✐♥❣ ❡❧s❡❀ ❉❙✿ s❡♣❛r❛t❡✱ ✼✳

ks.atrá ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❞♦♠✐♥✐♦♥✱ s✉♣r❡♠❛❝②✱ ✶✼✳

ánedya ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ♥♦t t♦ ❜❡ ❝♦♥str❛✐♥❡❞✱ ✽✳

ástr.ta ❛❞❥✳✱ ❉❙✿ ✉♥❞✐str❛❝t❡❞✱ ♥♦♥✲❞✐str❛❝t❡❞✱ ✻✳

ápratı̄ta ❛❞❥✳✱ ❉❙✿ ♥♦t✲❝♦✉♥t❡r❜❛❧❛♥❝❡❞✱ ✾✳

vı̄rá ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❛ ❤❡r♦❀ ❛❞❥✳ ❤❡r♦✐❝❀ ❉❙✿ ✈❛❧✐❛♥t ♦♥❡✱ ✼✹✳

suv´ı̄ra ❛❞❥✳✱ ❉❙✿ ✈❡r② ♠❛♥❧②✱ ✶✼✳

v´ı̄rya ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ❉❙✿ ❞❡❡❞ ♦❢ ✈❛❧♦r✱ ✈❛❧♦r✱ ❛s♣❡❝t ♦❢ ✈❛❧♦r❀ ▼❲✿
♠❛♥❧② ✈✐❣♦✉r❀ ❡✣❝❛❝②✱ ✺✹✳
❋♦✉r ❛s♣❡❝ts ♦❢ ✈❛❧♦r ❛r❡ ♠❡♥t✐♦♥❡❞ ✐♥ ✷✳✶✻✳✷❝❞ ✖ ❝♦♥✲
s✉♠❡❞ Soma✱ ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ str❡♥❣t❤ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❜♦❞②✱ t❤✉♥✲
❞❡r❜♦❧t ✐♥ ❤❛♥❞✱ ❛♥❞ r❡s♦✉r❝❡❢✉❧♥❡ss ✐♥ t❤❡ ❤❡❛❞✳

suv´ı̄rya ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ♠❛♥❧② ✈✐❣♦✉r❀ ❉❙✿ ❛♥ ❛s♣❡❝t ♦❢ ♠❛♥❧②

✈✐❣♦✉r❀ ❛❞❥✳✱ ❉❙✿ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ♠❛♥❧② ✈✐❣♦✉r✱ ✶✵✳ ✏▼❛♥❧②
✈✐❣♦✉r✑ ✐s t❤❡ ✈✐❣♦✉r ✐♥ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st✐♥❣ ♠❛♥❧② ❜❡❤❛✈✐♦rs✳

paum
´ . sya ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ ♠❛♥❤♦♦❞✱ ♠❛♥❧② str❡♥❣t❤❀ ♠❛♥❧② ❞❡❡❞❀
❛❞❥✳✱ ♠❛♥❧②❀ ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ❉❙✿ ♠❛♥❧② ♣♦✇❡r✱ ♠❛♥❧② ✈✐❣♦✉r✱
✸✺✳

nŕ.tama ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ t❤❡ ♠♦st ♠❛♥❧②✱ ✸✶✳

nr.mn.á ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❝♦✉r❛❣❡✱ ♣❧✳ ♠❛♥❧② ♣♦✇❡rs✱ ✷✵✳

śávas ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ❉❙✿ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱ ❛♥ ✐♠♣✉❧s❡ t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡✱

✶✶✹✳

śávis..tha ❛❞❥✳✱ ❉❙✿ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♠♦st ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝❤❛♥❣❡❀ ♠♦st

s✇♦❧❧❡♥✱ ✸✶✳

śavasāná ❛❞❥✳✱ ❉❙✿ ❝❤❛♥❣✐♥❣ ♣♦✇❡r❢✉❧❧②✱ ✾✳

indriyá ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ❉❙✿ ♣♦✇❡r ♦✈❡r ❛✛❡❝t✐♦♥s✱ ♣♦✇❡r ♦✈❡r t❤❡
s❡♥s❡s✱ ✷✹✳

vı́cars.an.i ❛❞❥✳✱ ❉❙✿ ❞✐s❡♥❣❛❣✐♥❣✱ ✼✳

✶✸✻✹ ❱♦❝❛❜✉❧❛r②
távis.ı̄ ♥♦✉♥ ❢✳✱ ❉❙✿ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❝♦♥tr♦❧❀ ❝♦♥tr♦❧❧✐♥❣ ♣♦✇❡r✱ ✷✹✳
✏P♦✇❡r t♦ ❝♦♥tr♦❧✑ ✐s ❛♥ ❛❜✐❧✐t② t♦ ❝♦♥tr♦❧ s♦♠❡ ❛s♣❡❝t
♦❢ ❤✉♠❛♥ ❜❡❤❛✈✐♦✉r ✖ ❛ r❡❛❝t✐♦♥ t♦ ♣❛rt✐❝✉❧❛r st✐♠✉❧✐✱
st❛t❡ ♦❢ ♠✐♥❞✱ st❛t❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❜♦❞② ♦r ♣❛rt✐❝✉❧❛r ♠✉s❝❧❡s
✖ ✉♥❞❡r ✈❡r② str❡ss❢✉❧ ❝♦♥❞✐t✐♦♥s❀ t❤❡s❡ ♣♦✇❡rs ❛r❡ In-
dra✬s✳
tavis.á ❛❞❥✳✱ ❉❙✿ ✐♥✲❝♦♥tr♦❧✱ ❝♦♥tr♦❧❧✐♥❣✱ ✾✳

´ı̄śāna ❛❞❥✳✱ ❉❙✿ ❜❡✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❝❤❛r❣❡ ♦❢✱ ❝♦♠♠❛♥❞✐♥❣✱ ✷✹✳

páti ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❛ ♣r♦t❡❝t♦r✱ ❛ ♠❛st❡r✱ ❛♥ ♦✈❡rs❡❡r✱ ❛

❝❤✐❡❢❀ ❛ ❤✉s❜❛♥❞✱ ✶✺✾✳

śácı̄ ♥♦✉♥ ❢✳✱ ❉❙✿ ❡♥❛❜❧✐♥❣ ♣♦✇❡r✱ ♣♦✇❡r❢✉❧ ❛✐❞✱ ♠✐❣❤t② ❛s✲
s✐st❛♥❝❡❀ ❡♥❛❜❧✐♥❣✱ s❦✐❧❧❢✉❧ ♠❛♥♥❡r✱ ✹✶✳

śácı̄vat ❛❞❥✳✱ ❉❙✿ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② ❡♥❛❜❧✐♥❣ ♣♦✇❡rs✱ ✶✺✳

śakrá ❛❞❥✳✱ ❉❙ ❝❛♣❛❜❧❡✱ ❡♠♣♦✇❡r✐♥❣✱ ❡♥❛❜❧✐♥❣✱ ✹✶✳

ás.ā..dha ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ✐♥✈✐♥❝✐❜❧❡✱ ✾✳

sam
. jı́t ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ✇✐♥♥❡r✱ ✶✹✳

dasmá ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❧✐s❤✐♥❣ ✇♦♥❞❡r❢✉❧ ❞❡❡❞s❀ ❉❙✿ ✇✐③❛r❞✱

✷✵✳

śrávas ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ❉❙✿ ❛♥ ❛✉❞✐t♦r② ✐♠♣r❡ss✐♦♥❀ ▼❲✿ ❢❛♠❡✱ r❡♥♦✇♥✱

❣❧♦r②✱ ❧♦✉❞ ♣r❛✐s❡✱ ✺✼✳
✏■♥ t❤❡ s②st❡♠ ♦❢ ❡s♦t❡r✐❝ s❡♥s❡ ✐t ♠❡❛♥s ❛♥ ✐♥♥❡r ❛✉❞✐❡♥❝❡
♦r ♦♥❡ ♦❢ ❞✐✈✐♥❡ ❝❤❛r❛❝t❡r✱ ♦r ❛♥ ✐♥s♣✐r❡❞ ❤❡❛r✐♥❣ ✐♥ t❤❡
✇❛❦❡ ♦❢ ❞✐✈✐♥❡ ❣r❛❝❡ ♦r str❡♥❣t❤ ♦❢ ❦♥♦✇❧❡❞❣❡ ❢♦❧❧♦✇✐♥❣ ❛
str❡♥✉♦✉s ❞✐s❝✐♣❧✐♥❡✳✑ ❬❙❛str②✱ ✶✾✺✷✱ ♣✳ ✼✽❪
❆♥ ✏❛✉❞✐t♦r② ✐♠♣r❡ss✐♦♥✑ ✐s ❛ ✈✐✈✐❞ ♠❡♠♦r② ♦❢ s♦♠❡✲
t❤✐♥❣ ❤❡❛r❞✱ ♦r s♣♦❦❡♥✱ t❤❛t ❤❛s t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r ♦❢ s✉❣❣❡s✲
t✐♦♥✱ ❛♥❞ ✐s ❛❜❧❡✱ ✇❤❡♥ r❡❝❛❧❧❡❞✱ t♦ ♠♦❜✐❧✐③❡ ♦♥❡✬s ♠✐♥❞
❢♦r ♣✉rs✉✐♥❣ ❛ ♣❛rt✐❝✉❧❛r ❣♦❛❧✱ ♦r t♦ ❡✈♦❦❡ ❛ ♣❛rt✐❝✉❧❛r
♠✐♥❞s❡t✳

śravasyá ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ✇♦rt❤② ♦❢ ❢❛♠❡ ❞❡❡❞✱ ✺✳

suśiprá ❛❞❥✳✱ ❉❙✿ s❡❧❡❝t✐✈❡✱ ❝❤♦♦s②✱ ✶✼✳

śiprı́n ❛❞❥✳✱ ❉❙✿ s❡❧❡❝t✐✈❡✱ ✶✸✳

jyés..tha ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ♠♦st ❡①❡❧❧❡♥t✱ ❜❡st✱ ♣r❡❡♠✐♥❡♥t✱ ✶✻✳

■♥♥❡r s❝❡♥❡ ♦❢ Indra✬s ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❛t✐♦♥s ✶✸✻✺

ásama ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ✉♥❡q✉❛❧❧❡❞✱ ✻✳

śuddhá ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❝❧❡❛♥s❡❞✱ ❝❧❡❛♥✱ ❢❛✉❧t❧❡ss✱ ✶✷✳

anavadyá ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❢❛✉❧t❧❡ss❀ ❉❙✿ ✢❛✇❧❡ss ✽✳

ukthyà ❛❞❥✳✱ ❉❙✿ t♦ ❜❡ ♣r❛✐s❡❞✱ ✷✷✳

gı́rvan.as ❛❞❥✳✱ ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ❉❙✿ ❧♦♥❣✐♥❣ ❢♦r ❛ ❝❤❛♥t✱ ✶✶✳

vā´ra ✇❤❡♥ ✐♥ ♣❧✉r❛❧ ♥✳ ❉❙✿ t❤r❡❛❞s ❬♦❢ ✇♦♦❧❡♥ ✜❧t❡r❪❀ ♥♦✉♥

♠✳ ▼❲✿ tr❡❛s✉r❡❀ ❛❞❥✳✱ ❝❤♦s❡♥❀ ❉❙✿ tr❡❛s✉r❡❞✱ ✶✹✳

váren.ya ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❜❡st❀ ❉❙✿ t♦✲❜❡✲♣r❡❢❡rr❡❞✱ ✶✹✳

ū´rj ♥♦✉♥ ❢✳✱ str❡♥❣t❤✱ s❛♣❀ ❛❞❥✳✱ ✐♥✈✐❣♦r❛t✐♥❣✱ ✶✷✳

iná ❛❞❥✳✱ ❉❙✿ ✐♥❢✉s✐♥❣ str❡♥❣t❤✱ ✐♥✈✐❣♦r❛t✐♥❣✱ ✶✵✳

pratimā´na ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❛ ✇❡❧❧♠❛t❝❤❡❞ ♦♣♣♦♥❡♥t✱ ❛ ❝♦✉♥t❡r♣❛rt✱

❛ ♠♦❞❡❧✱ ❛ ♠♦✉❧❞✱ ✶✸✳

yajñı́ya ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ✇♦rt❤②✲♦❢✲❛✲s❛❝r✐✜❝❡✱ ✶✸✳

.ŕcı̄s.ama ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ s♦✉❣❤t ✇✐t❤ ❛ ✈❡rs❡✱ ✽✳

suháva ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❧✐st❡♥✐♥❣ ✇✐❧❧✐♥❣❧②❀ ❉❙✿ ❡❛s② t♦ s✉♠♠♦♥✱ ✽✳

■♥♥❡r s❝❡♥❡ ♦❢ Indra✬s ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❛t✐♦♥s

áp ♥♦✉♥ ❢✳✱ ▼❲✿ ✇❛t❡r✱ ✶✽✺✳

■♥ t❤❡ ❡①t❡r♥❛❧ s❡♥s❡ ✐t ♠❡❛♥s ♣❤②s✐❝❛❧ ✇❛t❡rs ❧✐❦❡ t❤♦s❡
♦❢ r❛✐♥✱ ♦❢ r✐✈❡rs✱ ♦❢ ❧❛❦❡s✳
■♥ t❤❡ ✐♥t❡r♥❛❧ s❡♥s❡ ✐t ♠❡❛♥s ✏✐♥♥❡r ✇❛t❡rs✑ r❡❢❡rr✐♥❣
t♦ t❤❡ ♣s②❝❤♦✲♣❤②s✐♦❧♦❣✐❝❛❧ ❜❛❝❦❣r♦✉♥❞ ♦❢ ♣s②❝❤♦❧♦❣✐✲
❝❛❧ ♣r♦❝❡ss❡s t❤❛t ❤❛s ❛s ❛ s✐❣♥✐✜❝❛♥t ❝♦♠♣♦♥❡♥t ✈❛r✐✲
♦✉s ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s ♦❢ ❤♦r♠♦♥❡s ❛♥❞ ♦t❤❡r ❧♦♥❣✲❧❛st✐♥❣ ♣s②✲
❝❤♦❛❝t✐✈❡ s✉❜st❛♥❝❡s✳ ❯s❡s ✐♥ ♣❧✉r❛❧ ❡♠♣❤❛s✐③❡ ✈❛r✐❡t②
♦❢ ✏✐♥♥❡r ✇❛t❡rs✑✳

nad´ı̄ ♥♦✉♥ ❢✳✱ ▼❲✿ ✢♦✇✐♥❣ ✇❛t❡r✱ r✐✈❡r❀ ❉❙✿ str❡❛♠✱ ✸✶✳
nad´ı̄ ✐s s♦♠❡t❤✐♥❣ t❤❛t ❝♦♥t✐♥✉❛❧❧② ✖ ♦♥ t❤❡ s❝❛❧❡ ♦❢
❢r♦♠ s❡✈❡r❛❧ ♠✐♥✉t❡s t♦ ❞❛②s ✖ ❜r✐♥❣s t♦ ♠✐♥❞ ✐❞❡❛s✱
t❤♦✉❣❤ts✱ ✐♠❛❣❡s✱ ❢❡❡❧✐♥❣s✱ ❜❡❤❛✈✐♦rs t❤❛t ❛r❡ ♦❢ ❛ s✐♠✲
✐❧❛r ❝❤❛r❛❝t❡r ❛♥❞ ❛r❡ ♥♦t ♦✈❡r❧② ❞❡✜♥❡❞ ❜② t❤❡ ❡♥✈✐✲
r♦♥♠❡♥t✳ ❋♦r ❡①❛♠♣❧❡✱ ❢❡❛r✱ ✐❞❡❛s ♦❢ ❞❛♥❣❡r✱ ✐♠❛❣❡s
♦❢ ❞✐s❛st❡r✱ ♦❢ ❢❛✐❧✉r❡✱ ❡t❝✳ t❤❛t ♣r❡✲♦❝❝✉♣② ♦♥❡✬s ♠✐♥❞
✶✸✻✻ ❱♦❝❛❜✉❧❛r②
❛r❡ ❜r♦✉❣❤t ❜② ♦♥❡ nad´ı̄✱ ❢❡❡❧✐♥❣ ♦❢ ❝❧♦s❡♥❡ss t♦ ♦t❤❡r
♣❡♦♣❧❡✱ ♦❢ ❜❡✐♥❣ ♦♣❡♥ t♦ s♦❝✐❛❧ ✐♥t❡r❛❝t✐♦♥s✱ t❤✐♥❦✐♥❣
❛❜♦✉t r❡❧❛t✐♦♥s❤✐♣s ✇✐t❤ ❝❧♦s❡ ♣❡♦♣❧❡✱ ❡♥❣❛❣✐♥❣ ✐♥ ♣r♦✲
t❡❝t✐✈❡ ❜❡❤❛✈✐♦r ♦r ❜❡✐♥❣ ✉♥❝❤❛r❛❝t❡r✐st✐❝❛❧❧② ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s
❛r❡ ❜r♦✉❣❤t ❜② ❛♥♦t❤❡r nad´ı̄✳ ❯s❛❣❡s ♦❢ t❤✐s ✇♦r❞ ✐♥
Soma ❤②♠♥s ✐♠♣❧② t❤❛t t❤❡ ♠✐♥❞ ✐s ❝♦♠♣❛r❡❞ t♦ ❛♥
♦❜s❡r✈❡r ✇❤♦ s❡❛ts ♦♥ r✐✈❡r✬s ❜❛♥❦ ❛♥❞ ❛tt❡♥❞s t♦ ♦❜✲
❥❡❝ts ❝❛rr✐❡❞ ❜② t❤❡ ✇❛t❡rs✳ ❙♦♠❡t✐♠❡s t❤❡ r✐✈❡r ❤❛s ❛
✢♦♦❞✱ ❛♥❞ ✐t ♠❛❦❡s t❤❡ ♦❜s❡r✈❡r ❛✢♦❛t ✐♥ t❤❡ ✇❛t❡rs✳
Ps②❝❤♦❧♦❣✐❝❛❧❧② t❤✐s ✏❜❡✐♥❣ ❛✢♦❛t✑ ❝❛♥ ❜❡ ❡①♣❡r✐❡♥❝❡❞
❛s ❧♦s✐♥❣ ❢❛♠✐❧✐❛r t❤✐♥❦✐♥❣ ♣❛tt❡r♥s✱ ❢r❛♠❡✇♦r❦s✱ r❡❢❡r✲
❡♥❝❡ ♣♦✐♥ts✱ ❡t❝✳ ✇❤✐❧❡ ❜❡✐♥❣ ❝❛rr✐❡❞ ❛✇❛② ❜② ❛ ✢♦✇
♦❢ st✐♠✉❧✐ ✇❤❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤✐♥ ♦r ✇✐t❤♦✉t❀ ♦♥❡ ❡①♣❡r✐❡♥❝❡s
✏❜❡✐♥❣ ❛✢♦❛t✑✱ ❢♦r ❡①❛♠♣❧❡✱ ✇❤❡♥ ❜❡✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❧♦✈❡✱ ♦r ❜❡✐♥❣
✈❡r② ❛❢r❛✐❞✱ ✇❤❡♥ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ♦✈❡r✇❤❡❧♠✐♥❣ ♣❛✐♥✱ ♦r ✐♥ ✈✐✈✐❞
❞r❡❛♠✐♥❣✱ ✐♥ s✐t✉❛t✐♦♥s ❡✈♦❦✐♥❣ ✜❣❤t✲♦r✲✢✐❣❤t r❡❛❝t✐♦♥
❧✐❦❡ ❢❛❧❧✐♥❣ ♦✛ ❛ ❝❧✐✛ ✭s❡❡ ❬❍✉❧✐♥✱ ✶✾✽✸❪ ❢♦r ❞❡s❝r✐♣t✐♦♥s✮✱
✐♥ s✉r❣❡s ♦❢ ❛♥❣❡r✱ ❛❣❣r❡ss✐♦♥ ❛♥❞ ❤♦st✐❧✐t②✱ ♦r ✇❤✐❧❡
❡①♣❡r✐❡♥❝✐♥❣ ❡❝st❛s②✳ ❲❤❡♥ t❤❡ ♠✐♥❞ ✐s ❝❛rr✐❡❞ ❛✇❛②
❜② t❤❡ ✢♦♦❞ ❛♥❞ ❝♦♥t✐♥✉❡s ✏t♦ ✢♦❛t ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ r✐✈❡r✑✱
t❤❡ ❝♦♥❞✐t✐♦♥ ✐s ❝❛❧❧❡❞ sam
. sāra✳ ❊❛❝❤ ♦❢ t❤❡ s❡✈❡♥
✭s❡❡ ✾✳✾✷✳✹❞✮ ✏r✐✈❡rs✑ ❝❛♣❛❜❧❡ ♦❢ ❝r❡❛t✐♥❣ t❤❡s❡ ✏❜❡✐♥❣
❛✢♦❛t✑ st❛t❡s ✐s ❛ nad´ı̄ ✐♥ ✢♦♦❞ ✭arn.as✮✳ ■t ✐s ♣♦ss✐❜❧❡ t♦
❝♦rr❡❧❛t❡ ❡❛❝❤ ♦❢ t❤❡ s❡✈❡♥ ♠❡♥t✐♦♥❡❞ nad´ı̄✲s ✇✐t❤ ❡①✲
♣r❡ss✐♦♥s ♦❢ ✈❛r✐♦✉s ❤♦r♠♦♥❡s ❛♥❞ ♥❡✉r♦tr❛♥s♠✐tt❡rs✱
♥❛♠❡❧②✱ ♦①✐t♦❝✐♥✱ ❛❞r❡♥❛❧✐♥❡✱ ❡♥❞♦r♣❤✐♥s✱ ♠❡❧❛t♦♥✐♥❡✱
♥♦r✲❛❞r❡♥❛❧✐♥❡✱ t❡st♦st❡r♦♥❡✱ ❛♥❞ s❡r♦t♦♥✐♥✱ ❜✉t t❤❡s❡
st❛t❡s ♦❢ ♣s②❝❤❡ ❛r❡ ♥♦t r❡❞✉❝✐❜❧❡ t♦ ♠❡r❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s
♦❢ ❤♦r♠♦♥❡s✳

bhúvana ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ❏●✿ ❛ ♣❧❛❝❡ ♦❢ ❡①✐st❡♥❝❡✱ ❉❙✿ ❛♥ ❛s♣❡❝t✴❢❛❝❡t

♦❢ ❧✐❢❡❀ ▼❲✿ ❝r❡❛t✉r❡✱ ✷✾✳
❚❤❡ ✜rst ♠❡❛♥✐♥❣ ✐s ❜♦rr♦✇❡❞ ❢r♦♠ ❬●♦♥❞❛✱ ✶✾✼✺❝❪❀ s❡❝✲
♦♥❞ ♠❡❛♥✐♥❣✱ ❝❧♦s❡❧② ❝♦♥♥❡❝t❡❞ t♦ t❤❡ ✜rst✱ ♠❡❛♥s ✏❛
❢❛❝❡t✑ ❧✐❦❡ ♠❛t❡r✐❛❧✱ s❡①✉❛❧✱ s♦❝✐❛❧✱ s♣✐r✐t✉❛❧✱ ❡t❝✳

sı́ndhu ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳❢✳✱ ▼❲✿ r✐✈❡r✱ str❡❛♠✱ ✻✸✳

■♥ t❤❡ ✐♥♥❡r s❡♥s❡✱ ✐♥ s✐♥❣✉❧❛r ✐t ♠❡❛♥s ✏t❤❡ ✢♦✇ ♦❢
sus.umnā✑ ❛♥❞ ✐s ❧❡❢t ✉♥tr❛♥s❧❛t❡❞❀ ✐♥ ♣❧✉r❛❧ ✐t ♠❡❛♥s
✏✢♦✇s ♦❢ s❡♥s♦r② st✐♠✉❧✐ ♣❧✉s ✢♦✇ ♦❢ st✐♠✉❧✐ ❢r♦♠ ✐♥✲
t❡r♥❛❧ ♦r❣❛♥s ♣❧✉s ✢♦✇ ♦❢ s♣❡❡❝❤ ✭✼✳✸✻✳✻ ❝❛❧❧s Sárasvatı̄
✏t❤❡ s❡✈❡♥t❤ r✐✈❡r✑✮✳
❲❤❡♥ ✉s❡❞ ✐♥ t❤❡ ❡①t❡r♥❛❧ s❡♥s❡✱ ✐♥ s✐♥❣✉❧❛r ✐t ♠❡❛♥s
■♥♥❡r s❝❡♥❡ ♦❢ Indra✬s ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❛t✐♦♥s ✶✸✻✼

❛ r✐✈❡r ♦r t❤❡ r✐✈❡r ♥❛♠❡❞ Sindhu❀ ✐♥ ♣❧✉r❛❧ ✐t ♠❡❛♥s

❡✐t❤❡r t❤❡ str❡❛♠s ♦❢ ❜❧♦♦❞ ♦r✱ ✇❤❡♥ r❡❢❡rr✐♥❣ t♦ ✏t❤❡
s❡✈❡♥ r✐✈❡rs✑✱ ♣❤②s✐❝❛❧ str❡❛♠s✱ r✐✈❡rs✳

samudrá ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ s❡❛❀ ❉❙✿ ❧❛❦❡✱ ✹✷✳

❲❤❡♥ ✉s❡❞ ✐♥ t❤❡ ❡①t❡r♥❛❧ s❡♥s❡ ✐t ♠♦st ❧✐❦❡❧② s✐❣♥✐✲
✜❡s ❛ ❤✐❣❤✲s❛❧t✲❝♦♥t❡♥t ❧❛❦❡ ✐♥t♦ ✇❤✐❝❤ s❡✈❡r❛❧ r✐✈❡rs
✢♦✇ ♠❛❦✐♥❣ ✐t s✇❡❧❧ ❛♥❞ s♣r❡❛❞ ✇❤❡♥ t❤❡ r✐✈❡rs ❛r❡
✢♦♦❞✐♥❣ ✖ ❧✐❦❡ ❧❛❦❡s ✐♥ ❙❡✐st❛♥ ✭❛♥ ✐❞❡❛ ♦❢ ❍❛rr② ❋❛❧❦
❬❋❛❧❦✱ ✶✾✾✼✱ ♣✳✽✸❪✮✳
❲❤❡♥ ✉s❡❞ ✐♥ t❤❡ ✐♥t❡r♥❛❧ s❡♥s❡✱ ✐t ♠❡❛♥s✱ ✇❤❡♥ ✐♥
s✐♥❣✉❧❛r✱ t❤❡ ❤❡❛rt ❝❛❦r❛ ♦r t❤❡ s♣❛❝❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❤❡❛rt ✖
❛♥ ❛r❡❛ ❢❡❧t✱ ✇❤❡♥ ♣r♦❥❡❝t❡❞ ♦♥t♦ ❝♦❣♥✐t✐♦♥✱ t♦ ❜❡ ❜❡✲
t✇❡❡♥ ❜r❡❛sts ❜❡❤✐♥❞ t❤❡ st❡r♥✉♠✱ ❛♥❞ ✐♥ t❤✐s s❡♥s❡ ✐t ✐s
´mupásthah.
❝❤❛r❛❝t❡r✐③❡❞ ❛❧s♦ ❛s ✏t❤❡ ❧❛♣ ♦❢ ✇❛t❡rs✑ ✭āpā
✾✳✶✵✾✳✶✸❜✮❀ ✇❤❡♥ ✐♥ ♣❧✉r❛❧ ✭✾✳✸✸✳✻❛ ✏t❤❡ ❢♦✉r s❡❛s ♦❢ t❤❡
tr❡❛s✉r❡✑✮✱ ✐t r❡❢❡rs t♦ t❤❡ ❢♦✉r ✉♣♣❡r ❝❛❦r❛s✳ ■t ♠✐❣❤t
❜❡ ❛❧s♦ ✉s❡❞ ❛s ❛ ♠❡t❛♣❤♦r ♦❢ s♦♠❡t❤✐♥❣ t❤❛t ❛ttr❛❝ts
✏str❡❛♠s✑ ♦r ✏✇❛t❡rs✑✳

árn.as ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ✢♦♦❞✱ ✇❛✈❡❀ ❉❙✿ ✢♦♦❞✐♥❣ ✇❛t❡r✱ ✶✽✳

árn.ava ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ ✢♦♦❞✱ ❧❛❦❡❀ ❛❞❥✳✱ r❡st❧❡ss✱ ✢♦♦❞✐♥❣✱ ✽✳

ūrmı́ ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❛ ✇❛✈❡✱ ❛ s✇❡❧❧✱ ✶✹✳

usrı́yā ❛❞❥✳✱ ❢✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❛♣♣❡❛r✐♥❣ ❛t ❞❛✇♥ ✭✇❛t❡rs✱ r✐✈❡r✱ ✏❝♦✇s✑✮✱

✾✳

dhúni ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❜♦✐st❡r♦✉s❀ ❉❙✿ t✉♠✉❧t✉♦✉s✱ ✽✳

antáriks.a ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ▼❲✿ t❤❡ ✐♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ r❡❣✐♦♥✱ ✷✻✳

rocaná ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❧✉♠✐♥♦✉s s♣❤❡r❡❀ ❉❙✿ ❜r✐❣❤t ❣❧♦✇✱ ✶✾✳

nā´ka ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ s♣❛❝❡ ✇❤❡r❡ t❤❡r❡ ✐s ♥♦ ♣❛✐♥✱ ✶✳

.rtá ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ♠♦st❧② ❧❡❢t ✉♥tr❛♥s❧❛t❡❞❀ ❉❙✿ ❝♦❤❡r❡♥❝❡✱ ✇❤❛t

✐s ✜tt✐♥❣✱ ✇❡❧❧✲✜tt✐♥❣✱ ✽✸❀
■♥ t❤❡ ✐♥♥❡r s❡♥s❡✱ ✐t ✐s ❛ ❜r✐❞❣❡ ❜❡t✇❡❡♥ t❤❡ ❞♦♠❛✐♥ ♦❢
❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ ❛♥❞ t❤♦s❡ ♦❢ ♣❡r❝❡♣t✐♦♥ ❛♥❞ ♦❢ ✇✐❧❧✳
▲✳❙✐❧❜✉r♥ r❡♥❞❡rs ✐t ❛s ✏❡①❛❝t ❛❧✐❣♥♠❡♥t✑✳
✏✳✳✳✐t ✐s q✉✐t❡ ❝♦♠♠♦♥❧② tr❛♥s❧❛t❡❞ ❝♦s♠✐❝ ♦r❞❡r ♦r ❝♦s♠✐❝
❤❛r♠♦♥②✳ ❚❤✐s ✐♥t❡r♣r❡t❛t✐♦♥ ✇♦r❦s r❛t❤❡r ✇❡❧❧ ✇✐t❤ ✐ts
❛♣♣❛r❡♥t ❡t②♠♦❧♦❣② t♦ t❤❡ Pr♦t♦✲■♥❞♦✲❊✉r♦♣❡❛♥ r♦♦t ✯❤✷❡r✱
♠❡❛♥✐♥❣ ✜t t♦❣❡t❤❡r✑ ❬❙✳❲✳❏❛♠✐s♦♥ ❛♥❞ ▼✳❲✐t③❡❧✱ ✶✾✾✷❪❬♣✳✻✼❪✳
✶✸✻✽ ❱♦❝❛❜✉❧❛r②
svàr ♥♦✉♥✱ ❧❡❢t ✉♥tr❛♥s❧❛t❡❞✱ ✻✸✳
■♥ t❤❡ ✐♥♥❡r s❡♥s❡ ✐t ♠❡❛♥s ❡❛s❡ ♦❢ ❝❤♦✐❝❡✱ ✉♥❛tt❛❝❤❡❞
st❛t❡ ♦❢ ♠✐♥❞✱ ❡q✉❛♥✐♠✐t②✱ ❡❛s❡ ♦❢ ❛r✐s✐♥❣✱ ❛✐r✐♥❡ss ♦r
✢✉✐❞✐t② ♦❢ t❤❡ ♠✐♥❞✳

párvata ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❦♥♦tt②✱ r✉❣❣❡❞❀ ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ❛ ♠♦✉♥t❛✐♥✱ ❛ r♦❝❦✱

❉❙✿ t❤❡ ❦♥♦tt② ♦♥❡ ✭❜♦♥❡s✱ ❥♦✐♥ts✱ ♠✉s❝❧❡s ♦❢ t❤❡ ❜♦❞②✮✱
✺✸✳

kóśa ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ s✉❜t❧❡ ❜♦❞②✱ ✹✳

Tritá ♣r♦♣❡r ♥♦✉♥✱ ♥♦✉♥✱ ♠✳✱ t❤❡ t❤✐r❞❀ ■t st❛♥❞s ❢♦r t❤❡ t❤✐r❞
❢r♦♠ ❛❜♦✈❡ ❝❛❦r❛ ✖ viśuddha✱ ✾✳

sū´rya ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ t❤❡ s✉♥✱ ✶✵✼✳

■t ✐s ♦❢t❡♥ ✉s❡❞ ❛s ❛ s②♠❜♦❧ ♦❢ man.ipūra ❝❛❦r❛✳

sū´ra ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ ✐♥❝✐t❡r❀ ❉❙✿ t❤❛t ✇❤✐❝❤ ✈✐✈✐✜❡s❀ s✉♥r✐s❡✱
✶✻✳

rájas ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ❉❙✿ ❛✐r② r❡❛❧♠✱ ❛ r❡❣✐♦♥❀ ▼❲✿ ❛t♠♦s♣❤❡r❡✱

✈❛♣♦✉r✱ ✷✾✳

púr ♥♦✉♥ ❢✳✱ ▼❲✿ str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞✱ ✇❛❧❧✱ ❢♦rtr❡ss ✽✵✳

dr...dhá ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ▼❲✿ str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞❀ ❛❞❥✳✱ ✜r♠✱ str♦♥❣✱ st❡❛❞②❀

✜r♠❧② s❤✉t✱ ✜r♠❧② ❢❛st❡♥❡❞❀ ❉❙✿ ❢♦rt✐✜❡❞✱ ✷✾✳

vı̄..dú ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ str♦♥❣✱ ✜r♠✱ r✐❣✐❞✱ ✶✷✳

ácyuta ❛❞❥✳✱ ❉❙✿ ✉♥s❤❛❦❛❜❧❡❀ ♥♦♥✲r❡♠♦✈❡❞✱ ✶✵✳

mih ♥♦✉♥ ❢✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❢♦❣✱ ✺✳

apratı́ ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ✐rr❡s✐st✐❜❧❡❀ ❏❇✿ ✉♥♦♣♣♦s❡❞✱ ✉♥♦♣♣♦s❛❜❧❡❀

❛❞✈✳✱ ✇✐t❤♦✉t ✐♠♣❡❞✐♠❡♥ts✱ ✶✵✳

vā´ta ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ t❤❡ ✇✐♥❞❀ ❛ ✈✐t❛❧ ❛✐r✱ ✶✼✳

ā´yus ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❧✐❢❡✲❢♦r❝❡✱ ✈✐t❛❧ ♣♦✇❡r✱ ✷✸✳

śaktı́ ♥♦✉♥ ❢✳✱ ▼❲✿ ♣♦✇❡r✱ ❡♥❡r❣②✱ ✼✳

jat.hára ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❛ ❜❡❧❧②❀ ❉❙✿ ❛ ❝♦♥❞✐t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ✐♥t❡r❛❝t✐♥❣

✇✐t❤ ♠❛t❡r✐❛❧ s✉❜st❛♥❝❡✱ ✶✸✳
❚❤❡r❡ ❛r❡ ♠❛♥② Indra✬s ✏❜❡❧❧✐❡s✑ ✭✾✳✼✻✳✸❜ ✏❡♥t❡r ✐♥t♦
Indra✬s ❜❡❧❧✐❡s✳✑❀ ✾✳✽✻✳✷✸❜ ✏❡♥t❡r✐♥❣ ✐♥t♦ Indra✬s ❜❡❧❧✐❡s✑✮✳
❚❤❡s❡ ✏❜❡❧❧✐❡s✑ ❝❛♥ ❜❡ ✉♥❞❡rst♦♦❞ ❛s s❡♥s❡ ♦r❣❛♥s ✭❡②❡s✱
❲❤❛t ✐s Indra t♦ ❤✐s ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡rs ✶✸✻✾

❡❛rs✱ ♥♦s❡✱ t♦♥❣✉❡✱ s❦✐♥✮ ❛♥❞ ✐♠❛❣✐♥❛t✐♦♥ ✭❛s ❛♥ ✏♦r❣❛♥✑

♦❢ ❜r❛✐♥✮✳

kuks.ı́ ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❝❛✈✐t②✱ ✼✳

√
tvis. ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ❜❡ ✈✐♦❧❡♥t❧② ❛❣✐t❛t❡❞✱ t♦ ✐♥st✐❣❛t❡❀
❉❙✿ t♦ ❜❡ ❡♥❡r❣✐③❡❞✱ t♦ r❡❛❝❤ ❢❡✈❡r ♣✐t❝❤✱ ✻✳

tvı́s. ♥♦✉♥ ❢✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❛❣✐t❛t✐♦♥✱ ✈❡❤❡♠❡♥❝❡✱ ✸✳

dur ♥♦✉♥ ❢✳✱ ♦♥❧② ♣❧✳❀ ▼❲✿ ❞♦♦rs✱ ✽✳

❲❤❛t ✐s Indra t♦ ❤✐s ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡rs

ūtı́ ♥♦✉♥ ❢✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❤❡❧♣✱ ❉❙✿ ❛ s✐❞❡✲❡✛❡❝t❀ ❛ ✇❛② ♦❢ ❤❡❧♣✐♥❣❀
♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ❤❡❧♣✐♥❣✱ ✶✽✶✳

avitŕ. ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ❏❇✿ ❤❡❧♣❡r❀ ❉❙✿ ♣r♦♠♦t❡r❀

❛❞❥✳✱ ❢❛✈♦✉r✐♥❣✱ ❤❡❧♣✐♥❣✱ ✸✶✳

sanitŕ. ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ ♣r♦❝✉r❡r✱ ♦❜t❛✐♥❡r✱ ❤❡ ✇❤♦ ❣❛✐♥s✱ ✶✸✳

trātŕ. ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❞❡❢❡♥❞❡r✱ ✽✳

ávas ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❢❛✈♦✉r✱ ❛ss✐st❛♥❝❡✱ ♣r♦t❡❝t✐♦♥❀ ✇✐s❤❀

❉❙✿ ❤❡❧♣✱ ❛✐❞✱ ✶✵✻✳

abhis..tı́ ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳❢✳ ▼❲✿ ❛ss✐st❛♥t❀ ❛ss✐st❛♥❝❡✱ ♣r♦t❡❝t✐♦♥❀

❛❞❥✳ ❛ss✐st✐♥❣✱ ❉❙✿ ♠❡❛♥s t♦ ❛ss✐st✱ ✷✹✳

śárman ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ▼❲✿ r❡❢✉❣❡✱ s❤❡❧t❡r✱ ♣r♦t❡❝t✐♦♥✱ ✷✼✳

várūtha ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ♣r♦t❡❝t✐♦♥❀ ❉❙✿ ❛r♠♦✉r✱ ✽✳

prámati ♥♦✉♥ ❢✳✱ ❉❙✿ ❢♦r❡s❡❡✐♥❣ ❝❛r❡✱ ✻✳

ábhaya ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ❉❙✿ ❢❡❛r❧❡ss♥❡ss❀ ❛❞❥✳✱ ✇✐t❤♦✉t ❢❡❛r✱ ✾✳

vr.dhá ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥✐♥❣✱ ✐♥❝r❡❛s✐♥❣❀

♥♦✉♥ ♠✳ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥✐♥❣✱ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥❡r✱ ✷✹✳

várdhana ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ str❡♥t❤❡♥✐♥❣✱ ❛✉❣♠❡♥t✐♥❣❀ ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ t❤r✐✈✐♥❣✱

✶✻✳
✶✸✼✵ ❱♦❝❛❜✉❧❛r②
sákhi ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ❉❙✿ ❧✐❦❡✲♠✐♥❞❡❞ ♦♥❡✱ ❝♦♠r❛❞❡✱ ❢r✐❡♥❞❀ ❧✐❦❡✲
♠✐♥❞❡❞♥❡ss❀ ❛❞❥✳ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜②❀ ▼❲✿ ❛ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥❀
❉❙✿ ♣❧✳ ♣❛rt✐❝✐♣❛♥ts ❬♦❢ ❛ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡❪✱ ✶✹✼✳
❨❛s❦❛✬s ◆✐r✉❦t❛✱ ❡①♣❧❛✐♥s t❤❡ ✇♦r❞ sakhi ❛s samana-khyana
✖ ♦♥❡ ✇❤♦s❡ ❝♦♥s❝✐♦✉s♥❡ss ♦r ❧❡✈❡❧ ♦❢ ❛✇❛r❡♥❡ss ❛♥❞ ✉♥✲
❞❡rst❛♥❞✐♥❣ ✐s ❛❦✐♥✱ s✐♠✐❧❛r✱ t♦ ♦♥❡✬s ♦✇♥✳

sakhyá ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳ ▼❲✿ ❢r✐❡♥❞s❤✐♣✱ ✐♥t✐♠❛❝② ✇✐t❤✱ r❡❧❛t✐♦♥ t♦✱ ❢❡❧✲

❧♦✇s❤✐♣❀ ❉❙✿ ♣❛rt♥❡rs❤✐♣✱ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s❤✐♣✱ ❧✐❦❡✲♠✐♥❞❡❞♥❡ss❀
❛❞❥✳✱ ❉❙✿ ❜❡✐♥❣ ✐♥✲t✉♥❡ ✇✐t❤✱ ❛ss✐st✐♥❣ ❡❛❝❤ ♦t❤❡r✱ ✻✹✳

.r.svá ❛❞❥✳✱ ❉❙✿ ❤❡❧♣✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❞✐r❡ str❛✐❣❤ts✱ ✷✽✳

❘❱ ✹✳✷✵✳✾ .r.sva ❂ vicayis..tho am
. has

tárutra ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❝❛rr②✐♥❣ ❛❝r♦ss✱ ✶✷✳

.rjı̄s.ı́n ❛❞❥✳✱ ❉❙✿ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❞✐r❡❝t ✐♠♣❛❝t✱ ✶✾✳

áks.ita ❛❞❥✳✱ ❉❙✿ ♥♦t t❛♣❡r✐♥❣ ♦✛✱ ✉♥❞❡❝❛②✐♥❣✱ ✐♥❡①❤❛✉st✐❜❧❡✱ ✽✳

rath´ı̄ ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❝❤❛r✐♦t❡❡r❀ ❛❞❥✳ r❡❧❛t❡❞ t♦ ❛ ❝❤❛r✐♦t✱ ✶✹✳

nárya ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ♠❛♥❧②✱ s✉✐t❛❜❧❡ t♦ ♠❡♥✱ ❛❣r❡❡❛❜❧❡ t♦ ♠❡♥✱

✷✾✳

vásupati ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ❉❙✿ ♦✈❡rs❡❡r ♦❢ ✇❤❛t✬s ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❡♥t✱ ♦✈❡rs❡❡r ♦❢

❜❡♥❡✜ts✱ ✾✳

puram
. dará ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ❉❙✿ str♦♥❣❤♦❧❞✲❜r❡❛❦❡r✱ ✽✳

vásyas ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❜❡tt❡r❀ ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ❉❙✿ ✇❤❛t ✐s ❜❡tt❡r✱ ✶✷✳

bhojá ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❧✐❜❡r❛❧✱ ❜♦✉♥t✐❢✉❧✱ ✽✳

❈❤❛r❛❝t❡r✐st✐❝s r❡❧❛t❡❞ t♦ ❛❞❡♣ts ♦❢ Indra

vı́pra ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ✐♥s♣✐r❡❞✱ ✐♥✇❛r❞❧② ❡①❝✐t❡❞✱ ✻✼✳
✏✳✳✳ t❤♦s❡ ✇❤♦s❡ ♠✐♥❞s ❛r❡ ♣✉r❡✱ ❝❧❡❛r ❛♥❞ ♦♣❡♥✱ vipra✱✑ ❬❆✉r♦❜✐♥❞♦✱ ✶✾✾✽✱
♣✳ ✷✽✹❪

ā´rya ❛❞❥✳✱ ❉❙✿ ❝♦♥❞✉❝t✐♥❣ ✉♣✇❛r❞s✱ ✷✷✳

■t ✐s ♦❢t❡♥ ✉s❡❞ t♦ ❝❤❛r❛❝t❡r✐s❡ ❛ ✇♦rs❤✐♣❡r ✇❤♦ ❝♦♥✲
❞✉❝ts ♣❛rt✐❝✉❧❛r ✏❡♥❡r❣✐❡s✑ ✉♣ t❤❡ s♣✐♥❡❀ ✐t ❛❧s♦ ❞❡✲
s❝r✐❜❡s ❛❜♦❞❡s ♦❢ ✐♥♥❡r Soma t❤❛t ❛r❡ ♣✉r✐✜❡❞ t♦ ❝♦♥✲
❞✉❝t ✐♥♥❡r Soma ✉♣✇❛r❞s✳ ■t ✐s tr❡❛t❡❞ ✐♥ ❧❛t❡r t❡①ts ❛s
♠❡❛♥✐♥❣ ✏♥♦❜❧❡✑✳
❈❤❛r❛❝t❡r✐st✐❝s r❡❧❛t❡❞ t♦ ❛❞❡♣ts ♦❢ Indra ✶✸✼✶

arı́ ❛❞❥✳✱ ❉❙✿ t❡♥❞✐♥❣ ♦r r✐s✐♥❣ ✉♣✇❛r❞s✱ r❛✐s✐♥❣ ✐t ✉♣✱ ✹✽✳

▼♦st ♦❢t❡♥ ✐s ✉s❡❞ ❛s ❛ ❞❡s❝r✐♣t♦r ♦❢ ✐♥♥❡r Soma✳
āyú ❛❞❥✳✱ ❉❙✿ ❛❣✐t❛t❡❞✱ ✷✻✳

mánu ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ✐♥t❡❧❧✐❣❡♥t✱ ✇✐s❡❀ ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ❉❙✿ ❛♥ ✐♥t❡❧❧✐❣❡♥t

♠❛♥✱ ✷✷✳

vājı́n ❛❞❥✳✱ ❉❙✿ ❤❡ ✇❤♦ ♣♦ss❡ss❡s✴❡♠♣❧♦②s✴✐s ❝❛♣❛❜❧❡ ♦❢ ❛ r✉s❤

♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r❀ ▼❲✿ s♣✐r✐t❡❞✱ ✸✽✳

ı̄śāná ❛❞❥✳✱ ❉❙✿ ❝❛♣❛❜❧❡ ♦❢✱ ❝♦♠♣❡t❡♥t✱ ✶✵✳

śaśamāna ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❡①❡rt✐♥❣ ♦♥❡✬s s❡❧❢✱ ✶✵✳

sutā´vant ❛❞❥✳✱ ❉❙✿ ✐♥ ♣♦ss❡ss✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❡①tr❛❝t❡❞ ❬Soma❪✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❤❡

❡①tr❛❝t✱ ✶✵✳

ukthı́n ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ✉tt❡r✐♥❣ ✈❡rs❡s❀ ❉❙✿ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② ✈❡rs❡s❀

✐♥ ♣♦ss❡ss✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❬t♦✲❜❡✲❪r❡❝✐t❡❞ ✈❡rs❡s✱ ✽✳

máhas ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ♠✐❣❤t✱ ♣♦✇❡r❀ ❉❙✿ str❡♥❣t❤✱ ✼✳

❏●✿ ✏ mahas ♠❛② ✐♠♣❧② ❛ s✉❜❥❡❝t✐✈❡ ❢❡❡❧✐♥❣ ♦❢ s✉♣❡r✐♦r✐t②
❛♥❞ ❝❤❡❡r❢✉❧♥❡ss✑ ✏ Soma ✳✳✳ ❜❡❝❛♠❡ r✐❝❤ ✐♥ mahas ✭❝❢✳ ❆❱
✹✳✷✺✳✻✮ ❜② s♦♥❣s ♦❢ ♣r❛✐s❡✑✳

.rbhú ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ s❦✐❧❧❢✉❧✱ ✶✼✳ ❆❧s♦ ✉s❡❞ ❛s ❛ ♣r♦♣❡r ♥❛♠❡ ✐♥

✏t❤r❡❡ R
. bhu✲s✑ ✖ ❝♦♠♣♦♥❡♥ts ♦❢ ❤✉♠❛♥ ❛s❝❡♥t ♦✈❡r t❤❡
♠✉♥❞❛♥❡✿ Vibhvan ✖ ❛ ✈✐s✐♦♥ ♦❢ ✇❤❛t ✐s t♦ ❜❡ ❛tt❛✐♥❡❞✱
Vāja ✖ ❛ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r✱ ❛♥❞ R . bhu ✖ ❛ s❦✐❧❧ ❝♦♠❜✐♥✐♥❣
t❤❡ t✇♦ ✐♥t♦ ♣r❛❝t✐❝❛❧ ❝❤❛♥❣❡s✳ Indra ✐s ❝❛❧❧❡❞ R . bhuks.ā
✕ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐s ♦❢ R . bhu ✲s✱ ❛♥❞ R
. bhuks an
. . a ✖ t❤❡ ♠❛st❡r ♦❢
R
. bhu ✲s✳

nŕ. ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❛ ♠❛♥✱ ✶✽✾✳

nr.vát ❛❞✈✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❧✐❦❡ ♠❡♥❀ ❉❙✿ ♠❛♥✲❧✐❦❡✱ ❧✐❦❡ ❛ ♠❛♥❀ ❛❞❥✳✱
♠❛♥❧②✱ ❛❜♦✉♥❞✐♥❣✲✇✐t❤✲♠❡♥✱ ❝♦♥s✐st✐♥❣ ♦❢ ♠❡♥✱ ✾✳

is.itá ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❞r✐✈❡♥✱ s❡♥❞ ♦✛✱ ❝❛st✱ ✶✸✳

mártya ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ ♠♦rt❛❧✱ ✹✼✳

márta ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ♠♦rt❛❧✱ ✷✸✳

praśasti ♥♦✉♥ ❢✳✱ ❉❙✿ ❝♦♠♣❡t❡♥❝②✱ s✉✣❝✐❡♥❝②✱ ✶✶✳

sadāsā´ ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❛❧✇❛②s ❣❛✐♥✐♥❣✱ ✽✳

✶✸✼✷ ❱♦❝❛❜✉❧❛r②
❈♦♥t❡sts✱ ✜❣❤t✐♥❣ ❛♥❞ ❞♦✐♥❣
yudh ♥♦✉♥ ❢✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❝❧❛s❤✱ ✜❣❤t✐♥❣❀ ✜❣❤t❡r✱ ✷✸✳
yudhmá ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ ✜❣❤t❡r✱ ❛ ✇❛rr✐♦r✱ ✾✳
sátvan ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ ✜❣❤t❡r✱ ❛ ✇❛rr✐♦r❀ ❛s ✐❢ r❡❛❧✱ ✷✸✳
márya ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ ②♦✉♥❣ ♠❛♥❀ ❉❙✿ r❡❝r✉✐t✱ ✼✳
ājı́ ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ ✜❣❤t✐♥❣ ♠❛t❝❤❀ ❜❛tt❧❡❀ ❉❙✿ ❝♦♥t❡st✱ r❛❝❡✲
tr❛❝❦❀ ✜❣❤t✐♥❣ r❛❧❧②✱ ✸✷✳
samád ♥♦✉♥ ❢✳✱ ❉❙✿ ❝❧❛s❤✱ ✸✵✳
pŕ.tanā ♥♦✉♥ ❢✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❜❛tt❧❡❀ ❛♥ ❛r♠②❀ ❉❙✿ ❝❧♦s❡ ❝♦♠❜❛t✱ ✹✷✳
pŕ.t ♥♦✉♥ ❢✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❜❛tt❧❡✱ ❝♦♥t❡st❀ ❉❙✿ ✜❣❤t✱ ✶✽✳
dhána ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❛ ❝♦♥t❡st✱ ❛ r❛❝❡❀ ❛ ❜❛tt❧❡❀ ❛ ♣r✐③❡✱ s♣♦✐❧s✱
st❛❦❡✱ ✽✵✳
samaryá ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ❉❙✿ ❝♦♥t❡st❀ ❏❇✿ ❛❞❥✳✱ ❜❛tt❧❡✲r❡❛❞②✱ ✼✳
yóga ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ❉❙✿ ❡♥❣❛❣❡♠❡♥t ✭✐♥ ✇❛r❢❛r❡✮✱ ✼✳
bhára ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ ♣r✐③❡❀ ❜❛tt❧❡✱ ❝♦♥t❡st❀ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣❀ ❛❞❥✳ ✐♥
❝♦♠♣✳✱ s✉♣♣♦rt✐♥❣✱ ❜❡❛r✐♥❣✱ ✹✼✳
sā´hya ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ❛❞❥✳✱ ♦♥❧② ✐♥ ❝♦♠♣✳✱ ❉❙✿ ♣r❡✈❛✐❧✐♥❣✱ ♦✈❡r♣♦✇✲
❡r✐♥❣❀ ▼❲✿ ❝♦♥q✉❡r✐♥❣✱ ✈✐❝t♦r②✱ ✾✳
vanús ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❡❛❣❡r t♦ ❛tt❛❝❦❀ ③❡❛❧♦✉s✱ ✼✳
sénā ♥♦✉♥ ❢✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❛r♠②❀ ❛ ♠✐ss✐❧❡✱ ✶✷✳
śárdhas ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ tr♦♦♣✱ ✽✳
♠♦r❡ ♦r❣❛♥✐③❡❞ t❤❛♥ śárdha t❤r♦✉❣❤ ♣r❡s❡♥❝❡ ♦❢ ❛ ❧❡❛❞❡r✳
gan.á ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ tr♦♦♣✱ ✢♦❝❦✱ ✾✳
gan.á ✐s ♠♦r❡ ♦r❣❛♥✐③❡❞ t❤❛♥ śardha ♦r śardhas ❛♥❞ ❞❡s❝r✐❜❡s
❛ tr❛✐♥❡❞ ❛♥❞ ❤❛r❞❡♥❡❞ tr♦♦♣ ♦❢ s♦❧❞✐❡rs✱ ♦r ❛ ✢♦❝❦ ♦❢ ❜✐r❞s
✢②✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❛ ❢♦r♠❛t✐♦♥
rátha ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❛ ❝❤❛r✐♦t✱ ✶✸✾✳
abh´ı̄ka ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❛❞✈❡rs✐t②✱ ✭❢❛❝❡✲t♦✲❢❛❝❡✮ ❡♥❝♦✉♥t❡r✱ ✶✷✳
āpı́ ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❛❧❧②✱ ✶✶✳
❈♦♥t❡sts✱ ✜❣❤t✐♥❣ ❛♥❞ ❞♦✐♥❣ ✶✸✼✸
ā´yudha ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ✇❡❛♣♦♥✱ ✶✺✳
tigmá ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ s❤❛r♣✱ s❝♦r❝❤✐♥❣✱ ✶✹✳
āyasá ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ✐r♦♥✱ ✶✶✳
vadhá ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❞❡❛❞❧② ✇❡❛♣♦♥✱ ❛ ✇❡❛♣♦♥❀ ❢r✉str❛t✐♦♥✱
❞❡str✉❝t✐♦♥❀ ❉❙✿ ❞✐s❝❤❛r❣❡✱ ✷✼✳
vádhar ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❞❡str✉❝t✐✈❡ ✇❡❛♣♦♥✱ ✶✷✳
dhánvan ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❜♦✇✱ ✽✳
ástr. ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ s❤♦♦t❡r✱ ✶✶✳
didyú ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❛rr♦✇✱ ❉❙✿ ❧✐❣❤t♥✐♥❣✱ ✽✳
hetı́ ♥♦✉♥ ❢✳✱ ▼❲✿ ♠✐ss✐❧❡✱ ✽✳
śáru ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❛rr♦✇✱ ♠✐ss✐❧❡✱ ✼✳
átka ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❛r♠♦✉r✱ ✻✳
pā´tra ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ❉❙✿ ❞❡❢❡♥s✐✈❡ ❢♦r♠❛t✐♦♥✱ ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ♣r♦t❡❝t✐♦♥✱
✹✳
hatya ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ♦♥❧② ✐♥ ❝♦♠♣✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❦✐❧❧✐♥❣✱ s❧❛②✐♥❣❀ ❉❙✿ str✐❦✲
✐♥❣✱ ✷✸✳
ghós.a ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❜❛tt❧❡❝r②✱ ✾✳
háti ♥♦✉♥ ❢✳✱ ♦♥❧② ✐♥ ❝♦♠♣✳✱ ▼❲✿ str✐❦✐♥❣❀ ❉❙✿ s❧❛②✐♥❣✱ ✶✷✳
is..tı́ ♥♦✉♥ ❢✳✱ ▼❲✿ s❡❡❦✐♥❣✱ ❣♦✐♥❣ ❛❢t❡r✱ ❡♥❞❡❛✈♦r✐♥❣ t♦ ♦❜✲
t❛✐♥✱ r❡q✉❡st✱ ❞❡s✐r❡✱ ✇✐s❤❀ ❉❙✿ ❢♦r❛②✱ ✶✾✳
vidátha ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ❉❙✿ ❦♥♦✇❧❡❞❣❡✲s❤❛r✐♥❣ s❡ss✐♦♥✱ ✷✼✳
❚❤✐s s❡♥s❡ ✐s ♦❜t❛✐♥❡❞ ❜② ♠❛❦✐♥❣ s❡♥s❡ ✬❞✐str✐❜✉t✐♦♥✬ ✭❑✉✐♣❡r
❬❑✉✐♣❡r✱ ✶✾✼✹❪✮ ♠♦r❡ s♣❡❝✐✜❝ ✏❞✐str✐❜✉t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❦♥♦✇❧❡❞❣❡✑✳ ■t
✇❛s ♣r♦❜❛❜❧② s✐♠✐❧❛r t♦ ❛ss❡♠❜❧✐❡s t♦ ✇❤✐❝❤ ♠❡♠❜❡rs ♦❢ ❞✐❢✲
❢❡r❡♥t ❝❧❛♥s ❝❛♠❡ t♦ s❤❛r❡ ✐♥t❡❧❧✐❣❡♥❝❡ ♦♥ ❤✉♥t✐♥❣ ♦♣♣♦r✲
t✉♥✐t✐❡s ❛♥❞ ♠✐❧✐t❛r② ❞❡✈❡❧♦♣♠❡♥ts✱ t♦ s❤❛r❡✴s❤♦✇ s❦✐❧❧s ♦❢
✈❛r✐♦✉s s♦rts✱ ❛♥❞ t♦ ❞❡✈✐s❡ ♣❧❛♥s ❢♦r ❥♦✐♥t ❡♥❞❡❛✈♦rs✳

vı́vāc ♥♦✉♥ ❢✳✱ ❉❙✿ ❞❡❜❛t❡✱ s❤♦✉t✲❝♦♥t❡st❀ ❛❞❥✳✱ ♠❛❦✐♥❣ ❞✐✈❡r❣✲

✐♥❣ st❛t❡♠❡♥ts✱ s♣❡❛❦✐♥❣ ❞✐✛❡r❡♥❧②✱ ❞✐s❛❣r❡❡✐♥❣✱ ✽✳
✖✖
✶✸✼✹ ❱♦❝❛❜✉❧❛r②
kr.tá ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❞♦♥❡✱ ♠❛❞❡✱ ❝r❡❛t❡❞✱ ♣❡r❢♦r♠❡❞✱ ❝✉❧t✐✈❛t❡❞❀
♠❛❞❡ r❡❛❞②✱ ♣r❡♣❛r❡❞❀ ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳ ✇❤❛t ✇❛s ❞♦♥❡✱ ❞❡❡❞✱
❛❝t✐♦♥❀ t❤❡ st❛❦❡ ❛t ❛ ❣❛♠❡❀ ❉❙✿ ❛rr❛♥❣❡❞✱ ✸✼✳
kr.t ❛❞❥✳✱ ♦♥❧② ✐♥ ❝♦♠♣✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❞♦✐♥❣✱ ♣❡r❢♦r♠✐♥❣✱ r❡♥❞❡r✐♥❣✱
❡✛❡❝t✐♥❣✱ ❝❛✉s✐♥❣✱ ♠❛❦✐♥❣✱ ❝r❡❛t✐♥❣✱ ✷✾✳
kr.tnú ❛❞❥✳✱ ❉❙✿ ❡✛❡❝t✐✈❡ ❛t ❬❞♦✐♥❣ s♦♠❡t❤✐♥❣❪✱ ✺✳
kárman ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❛❝t✐♦♥✱ r✐t❡✱ r✐t✉❛❧ ❛❝t✐♦♥✱ ❛❝t✐✈✐t②❀ ❡✛❡❝t❀
❉❙✿ ❞❡❡❞✱ ✸✻✳
kartŕ. ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ ♠❛❦❡r✱ ❝r❡❛t♦r✱ ❞♦❡r✱ ✶✶✳
āvı́s ✐♥❞❡❝❧✳✱ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❧②✱ ❜❡❢♦r❡ t❤❡ ❡②❡s✱ ✶✶✳
ápas ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❛❝t✐♦♥✱ s❛❝r✐✜❝✐❛❧ ❛❝t❀ ✇♦r❦❀ ❛❞❥✳✱ ❛❝t✐✈❡✱
♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ❉❙✿ ❛❝t✐✈✐t②✱ ❛❝t❀ ❧❛❜♦✉r✱ ✶✽✳
yújya ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❛❧❧✐❛♥❝❡❀ ❉❙ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥s❤✐♣✱ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥❀
❛❞❥✳✱ ❉❙✿ t♦✲❜❡✲❡♠♣❧♦②❡❞✱ t♦✲❜❡✲❞❡♣❧♦②❡❞✱ ✶✶✳
sajós.as ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❛❝t✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❤❛r♠♦♥② ✇✐t❤✱ ✶✷✳
sātı́ ♥♦✉♥ ❢✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❣❛✐♥✐♥❣✱ ♦❜t❛✐♥✐♥❣✱ ♣r♦❝✉r✐♥❣✱ ✇✐♥♥✐♥❣✱
❉❙✿ ❣❛✐♥✱ ❜❡st♦✇✐♥❣✱ ❢♦r❛②✱ ❝r❡❛t✐♦♥✱ ✽✾✳
vratá ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ▼❲✿ s♣❤❡r❡ ♦❢ ❛❝t✐♦♥✱ r❡❛❧♠✱ ♦❜s❡r✈❛♥❝❡❀ ❉❙✿
s✇❛②❀✭s❡❧❢✲✐♠♣♦s❡❞✮ ❝♦♥str❛✐♥t❀ ♠♦❞❡ ♦❢ ❛❝t✐♦♥✱ ✷✸✳
éva ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ ✇❛②✱ ❤❛❜✐t❀ ❛❞❥✳✱ ❢❛st✱ ✶✷✳
pā´rya ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ❏❇✿ ❞❡❝✐s✐✈❡ ❞❛②❀ ♥✳✱ ▼❲✿ t❤❡ ❡♥❞❀ ❛❞❥✳✱
❤❡❧♣✐♥❣✲t❤r♦✉❣❤✱ ❡✛❡❝t✐✈❡✱ ❞❡❝✐s✐✈❡✱ ✜♥❛❧✱ ✶✺✳
bhúj ♥♦✉♥ ❢✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❛❞✈❛♥t❛❣❡✱ ✸✳
ūta ❛❞❥✳✱ ♦♥❧② ✐♥ ❝♦♠♣✳ tvotā✱ ▼❲✿ ❤❡❧♣❡❞✱ ✶✷✳
√
sas ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ❜❡ ✐♥❛❝t✐✈❡✱ t♦ ❜❡ ✐❞❧❡✱ t♦ s❧❡❡♣✱ ✾✳
.rn.á ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ❞❡❜t✱ ♦❜❧✐❣❛t✐♦♥✱ ✇❤❛t✬s ❞✉❡✱ ✻✳
✖✖
jātá ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❜✐rt❤✱ ❛ ❝r❡❛t✉r❡✱ ❛ ❜❡✐♥❣✱ ❛ ❝r❡❛t✉r❡❀
❛❞❥✳ ❜♦r♥✱ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❡❞✱ ❛r✐s❡♥✱ ❡♥❣❡♥❞❡r❡❞✱ ♣r♦❞✉❝❡❞❀
❉❙✿ ❝r❡❛t❡❞✱ ✹✻✳
●✐✈✐♥❣ ❛♥❞ tr❡❛s✉r❡s ✶✸✼✺

hitá ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ♣❧❛❝❡❞✱ s✐t✉❛t❡❞❀ ♠❛❞❡ r❡❛❞②✱ ❛rr❛♥❣❡❞✱ ❡s✲

t❛❜❧✐s❤❡❞✱ s❡t ✉♣✱ s✉✐t❛❜❧❡✱ ♣r♦♣♦s❡❞✱ ✷✺✳
nā´man ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ♥❛t✉r❡✱ ♥❛♠❡✱ ❝❤❛r❛❝t❡r✐st✐❝✱ ❝❤❛r❛❝t❡r✲
✐st✐❝ ❢♦r♠✱ ♠❛r❦❀ ❉❙✿ ❛s♣❡❝t✱ ✸✷✳
rūpá ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❢♦r♠✱ ❢❡❛t✉r❡✱ ✷✶✳
vápus ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❢♦r♠✱ ❛♣♣❡❛r❛♥❝❡❀ ❉❙✿ ✇♦♥❞r♦✉s ❢♦r♠✱
✇♦♥❞❡r✱ ✶✶✳
várpas ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❛ss✉♠❡❞ ❢♦r♠✱ ♣r❡t❡♥❝❡✱ ❛♣♣❡❛r❛♥❝❡✱
♣❤❛♥t♦♠✱ ✾✳
várn.a ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❝❤❛r❛❝t❡r✱ ❛♣♣❡❛r❛♥❝❡✱ ❦✐♥❞✱ t②♣❡✱ ❢♦r♠✱
✼✳
ánı̄ka ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❛♣♣❡❛r❛♥❝❡❀ ❉❙✿ ♦♥s❡t✱ ✈❛♥❣✉❛r❞✱ ✽✳
bhānú ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❛♣♣❡❛r❛♥❝❡✱ ❧✉str❡✱ ✽✳
√
bhā ✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st✱ t♦ s❤✐♥❡✱ ✸✳
bha ❛❞❥✳✱ ♦♥❧② ✐♥ ❝♦♠♣✳✱ ❉❙✿ r❡s❡♠❜❧✐♥❣✱ ❛♣♣❡❛r✐♥❣ ❛s✱ ✾✽✳
janitŕ. ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ ♣r♦❣❡♥✐t♦r✱ ✶✷✳
jánitrı̄ ♥♦✉♥ ❢✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❣❡♥✐tr✐①✱ ✶✻✳
yóni ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❛ ✇♦♠❜✱ ✶✽✳
gárbha ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❛♥ ❡♠❜r②♦❀ ❝❤✐❧❞❀ ✇♦♠❜❀ ❉❙✿✱ ❛ ❣❡r♠✱
✶✻✳
janús ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ❉❙✿ ❝✐r❝✉♠st❛♥❝❡s ♦❢ ❜✐rt❤✱ ❝✐r❝✉♠st❛♥❝❡s ♦❢
♠❛♥✐❢❡st❛t✐♦♥✱ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❛t✐♦♥❀ ▼❲✿ ❝r❡❛t✉r❡❀ ✐♥str✳ ❜②
♥❛t✉r❡✱ ❡ss❡♥t✐❛❧❧②✱ ✶✸✳
jániman ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❣❡♥❡r❛t✐♦♥✱ ♦✛s♣r✐♥❣✱ ❜✐rt❤✱ ❦✐♥❞❀ ❉❙✿
♠❛♥✐❢❡st❛t✐♦♥✱ ✾✳

●✐✈✐♥❣ ❛♥❞ tr❡❛s✉r❡s

maghávan ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ♠✉♥✐✜❝❡♥t✱ ❜♦✉♥t✐❢✉❧✱ ❉❙✿ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s✱ ✷✹✹✳

maghónı̄ ♥♦✉♥ ❢✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❧✐❜❡r❛❧✐t②✱ ✼✳

maghá ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❜♦✉♥t②✱ ❣✐❢t✱ r❡✇❛r❞❀ ❛❞❥✳✱ ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s✱ ✹✷✳
✶✸✼✻ ❱♦❝❛❜✉❧❛r②
mám
. his..tha ❛❞❥✳✱ ❉❙✿ t❤❡ ♠♦st ❣❡♥❡r♦✉s✱ t❤❡ ♠♦st ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥t✱ ✷✶✳
dāná ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❣✐✈✐♥❣✱ ❣✐✈✐♥❣ ✐♥ ♠❛rr✐❛❣❡❀ ❣✐❢t❀ ❉❙✿ ✐♥✲
❝r❡❛s❡❀ ❛❞❥✳ ❛❞❞✐♥❣❀ s❤❛r✐♥❣✱ ❜❡st♦✇✐♥❣✱ ✷✾✳
dā´tr. ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿✱ ❛ ❣✐✈❡r❀ ❉❙✿ ❛ ❣r❛♥t♦r✱ ✷✵✳
dā´van ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❞❛t✳ ✐♥ ♦r❞❡r t♦ ❣✐✈❡ ♦r t♦ r❡❝❡✐✈❡❀ ❛❞❥✳✱
❣r❛♥t✐♥❣❀ ❉❙✿✱✷✶✳
dadı́ ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❜❡st♦✇✐♥❣✱ ❣✐✈✐♥❣✱ ✶✶✳
dáks.in.ā ♥♦✉♥ ❢✳✱ ▼❲✿ r❡✇❛r❞❀ ♣r♦❧✐✜❝ ❝♦✇❀ ❉❙✿ ❛❞❥✳✱ ❜r✐♥❣✐♥❣
s❛t✐s❢❛❝t✐♦♥✱ ✶✶✳
dā´nu ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❞r♦♣✱ ❞❡✇❀ ❉❙✿ ♥♦✉♥✳ ♠✳✱ ❧✐❜❡r❛❧✐t②❀ ❛❞❥✳✱
♣❡r♠✐ss✐✈❡✱ ❜❡st♦✇✐♥❣❀ ♥♦✉♥ ❢✳✱ ♣❡r♠✐ss✐✈❡♥❡ss✱ ❛✈♦✐❞✲
✐♥❣ ❛ ❝❤❛❧❧❡♥❣❡ ♣❡rs♦♥✐✜❡❞✱ ✷✵✳
✖✖
vásu ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ▼❲✿ r✐❝❤❡s✱ ✇❡❛❧t❤✱ ❛ ❣❡♠✱
❉❙✿ ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧ t❤✐♥❣✱ t❤❡ tr❡❛s✉r❡❀ ❛❞❥✳✱ ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧✱ ❜❡♥❡❢✲
✐❝❡♥t✱ ✶✽✼ ✰ ✺✵ ✐♥ ❝♦♠♣✳✳
rā´dhas ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ▼❲✿ s❛t✐s❢❛❝t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ♦♥❡✬s ❞❡s✐r❡✱ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❧✐s❤✲
♠❡♥t ♦❢ ♦♥❡✬s ❞❡s✐r❡✱ ♠✉♥✐✜❝❡♥❝❡✱ ❢❛✈♦✉r✱ ❣✐❢t✱ ✾✻✳
surā´dhas ❛❞❥✳✱ ✇❡❧❧✲s❛t✐s❢②✐♥❣✱ ✾✳
ráı ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ r✐❝❤❡s✱ ✇❡❛❧t❤✱ ❉❙✿ tr❡❛s✉r❡✱ r❡✇❛r❞✱ ✾✶✳
rayı́ ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ tr❡❛s✉r❡✱ ❣✐❢t❀ ✇❡❛❧t❤✱ r✐❝❤❡s❀ ❉❙✿✱ ✻✼✳
rātı́ ♥♦✉♥ ❢✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❣✐❢t✱ ❢❛✈♦✉r❀ ❉❙✿ ❣✐❢ts✲t✐♠❡✱ ✹✵✳
rátna ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❣✐❢t✱ r✐❝❤❡s✱ ✇❡❛❧t❤✱ tr❡❛s✉r❡✱ ✶✵✳
drávin.a ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ▼❲✿ s✉❜st❛♥❝❡✱ ❣♦♦❞s✱ ✽✳
vástu ♥♦✉♥ ❢✳✱ ▼❲✿ r❡❛❧ s✉❜st❛♥❝❡✱ ✶✳
sthūrá ❛❞❥✳✱ ❉❙✿ s✉❜st❛♥t✐❛❧❀ ▼❲✿ str♦♥❣✱ ✽✳
sanı́ ♥♦✉♥ ❢✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❣❛✐♥✱ ❛❝q✉✐s✐t✐♦♥✱ r❡✇❛r❞❀ ▼❲✿ ♦❜t❛✐♥✐♥❣✱
✾✳
▼✐♥❞ ❛♥❞ ❜♦❞② ✶✸✼✼

√
dā ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ❣✐✈❡✱ t♦ ♦✛❡r✱ t♦ ②✐❡❧❞✱ t♦ ❣✐✈❡ ✉♣✱
t♦ ✐♠♣❛rt✱ t♦ ❜❡st♦✇✱ t♦ ❛❧❧♦✇✱ t♦ ❣r❛♥t✱ t♦ ♣r❡s❡♥t❀
✇✐t❤ ā✲ t♦ r❡❝❡✐✈❡✱ t♦ t❛❦❡✱ t♦ t❛❦❡ ❤♦❧❞ ♦❢✱ t♦ ❛tt❛✐♥✱
t♦ r❡❝❧❛✐♠✱ t♦ ♦❜t❛✐♥❀ ✇✐t❤ anu✲ t♦ ②✐❡❧❞✱ t♦ ♦✛❡r❀ ✇✐t❤
parā✲ t♦ ❣✐✈❡ ❛✇❛②✱ t♦ ❜❡tr❛②❀ t♦ ❞❡❧✐✈❡r✱ ✶✸✾✳

dā ♦♥❧② ✐♥ ❝♦♠♣✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❣✐✈✐♥❣✱ ✐♠♣❛rt✐♥❣✱ ❜❡st♦✇✐♥❣❀

❣✐✈❡r✱ ✷✼✳

√
day ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ✐♠♣❛rt✱ t♦ ❛❧❧♦t✱ t♦ ❜❡st♦✇❀ ✇✐t❤
vi✲ t♦ ❞✐str✐❜✉t❡❀ t♦ s❡✈❡r❡✱ ✾✳

✖✖

bhága ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❛ ❣♦♦❞ ❢♦rt✉♥❡✱ ❢♦rt✉♥❡✱ ♣❛tr♦♥❀ ❉❙✿

✇❡❧❧✲❜❡✐♥❣✱ ✷✵✳

bhāgá ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❛ s❤❛r❡✱ ❛ ♣♦rt✐♦♥❀ ❣♦♦❞ ❧✉❝❦✱ ❣♦♦❞ ❢♦r✲
t✉♥❡✱ ✶✼✳

suvitá ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ❉❙✿ ❛♥ ❡❛s② ♣❛ss❛❣❡❀ ▼❲✿ ❛ ❣♦♦❞ ♣❛t❤✱ ✽✳

sugá ❛❞❥✳✱ ❉❙✿ ❡❛s② t♦ tr❛✈❡rs❡❀ ❉❙✿ ❡❛s② ✢♦✇✐♥❣❀ ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱
❡❛s② ♣❛t❤✇❛②✱ ✼✳

śr´ı̄ ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❛✉s♣✐❝✐♦✉s✱ r❛❞✐❛t✐♥❣❀ ♥♦✉♥ ❢✳✱ s✉❝❝❡ss✱ ❣♦♦❞

❢♦rt✉♥❡✱ ❛✉s♣✐❝✐♦✉s♥❡ss❀ ❉❙✿ ❜❧❡ss✐♥❣✱ ✶✼✳

bhadrá ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❛✉s♣✐❝✐♦✉s✱ ❢♦rt✉♥❛t❡✱ ♣r♦s♣❡r♦✉s✱ ❜❧❡ss❡❞✱

❧♦✈❡❧②❀ ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ❛ ❣♦♦❞ ❢♦rt✉♥❡✱ ✹✽✳

svastı́ ♥♦✉♥ ❢✳ ♥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ✇❡❧❧✲❜❡✐♥❣❀ ✇❤❡♥ ✐♥str✳ ✏s✉❝❝❡ss❢✉❧❧②✑❀

❉❙✿ ❜❧❡ss✐♥❣✱ ✸✺✳

śám ❛❞❥✳✱ ❉❙✿ ❛✉s♣✐❝✐♦✉s✱ ❢♦rt✉♥❛t❡✱ ♣❧❡❛s✐♥❣❀ ▼❲✿ ❛❞✈✳✱ ❢♦r✲

t✉♥❛t❡❧②✱ ✶✶✳

haryatá ❛❞❥✳✱ ❉❙✿ ❞❡❧✐❣❤t❡❞✲✐♥✱ t♦✲❜❡✲❞❡❧✐❣❤t❡❞✲✐♥✱ ✶✾✳

rán.a ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❞❡❧✐❣❤t✱ ❥♦②✱ ♣❧❡❛s✉r❡❀ ❜❛tt❧❡✱ ✶✾✳

▼✐♥❞ ❛♥❞ ❜♦❞②

mánas ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ▼❲✿ t❤❡ ♠✐♥❞❀ ❛ t❤♦✉❣❤t✱ ✐♥❝❧✐♥❛t✐♦♥✱ ✐♥t❡♥✲
t✐♦♥✱ ❉❙✿ ❛♥ ✐♠♣r❡ss✐♦♥✱ ♠✐♥❞s❡t✱ ❛tt❡♥t✐♦♥✱ t❤✐♥❦✐♥❣✱
❝♦♥t❡♠♣❧❛t✐♦♥✱ ✽✹✳
✶✸✼✽ ❱♦❝❛❜✉❧❛r②
várivas ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ❉❙✿ ♠❡♥t❛❧ s♣❛❝❡✱ ✶✽✳
loká ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ ✇✐❞❡ ✭♠❡♥t❛❧✮ s♣❛❝❡✱ ✶✸✳
dyumná ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ❉❙✿ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t❡✱ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ s❤❡❞
❧✐❣❤t✱ ❛❞❥✳✱ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t✐♥❣✱ ❧✉♠✐♥♦✉s✱ ✸✺✳
mánman ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ❉❙✿ ❛ ♠❛♥✐❝ t❤♦✉❣❤t✱ ✐❞❡❛❀ ▼❲✿ t❤♦✉❣❤t✱ ✉♥✲
❞❡rst❛♥❞✐♥❣✱ ✶✻✳
mā´na ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❝♦♥❝❡♣t✐♦♥❀ ❉❙✿ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❛❝t✐✈✐t②✱ ✹✳
śrát ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ tr✉st✱ ✾✳
jyótis ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❧✐❣❤t✱ ❜r✐❣❤t♥❡ss✱ ✸✺✳
candrá ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ s❤✐♥✐♥❣✱ ♠♦st ❡①❝❡❧❧❡♥t❀ ❉❙✿ s❝✐♥t✐❧❛t✐♥❣✱
s❤✐♠♠❡r✐♥❣❀ ♠♦♦♥✲❧✐❦❡❀ ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ❜r✐❣❤t r❛❞✐❛♥❝❡✱ ❣❧✐t✲
t❡r✱ ✶✷✳
támas ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❞❛r❦♥❡ss✱ ✐❣♥♦r❛♥❝❡❀ ❉❙✿ ❞❛③❡✱ ♠❡♥t❛❧
✐♥❡rt✐❛❀ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ♦❜s❝✉r❛t✐♦♥✱ ✸✸✳
rájas ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❞❛r❦❡♥✐♥❣ ❡♠♦t✐♦♥✱ ✹✳
māyā´ ♥♦✉♥ ❢✳✱ ▼❲✿ ✐❧❧✉s✐♦♥✱ tr✐❝❦✱ s♦r❝❡r②❀ ❉❙✿ ❞❡❝❡✐t❢✉❧
st❛t❡✭s✮ ♦❢ ♠✐♥❞✱ ❞❡❝❡♣t✐✈❡ ❝♦♥str✉❝t❀ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r✭s✮ ♦❢
❢r❛♠✐♥❣ ✭t❤♦✉❣❤ts✱ ✐❞❡❛s✱ ♣❡r❝❡♣t✐♦♥ ❛♥❞ ❝♦❣♥✐t✐♦♥ ✐♥
❣❡♥❡r❛❧✮✱ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r✭s✮ t♦ ❝♦♥✜❣✉r❡✴t♦ s❤❛♣❡ ✭t❤♦✉❣❤ts✱
✐❞❡❛s✱ ♣❡r❝❡♣t✐♦♥ ❛♥❞ ❝♦❣♥✐t✐♦♥ ✐♥ ❣❡♥❡r❛❧✮✱ ✸✹✳
❚❤❡ s❡♥s❡s ✏t♦ ❢r❛♠❡ ✳✳✳✑✱ ✏t♦ ❝♦♥✜❣✉r❡ ✳✳✳✑ ✇❡r❡ ♦❜t❛✐♥❡❞ ❜②
t❛❦✐♥❣ ✐♥t♦ ❛❝❝♦✉♥t ❏❛♥ ●♦♥❞❛✬s ❝r✐t✐❝✐s♠ ♦❢ ♠❡❛♥✐♥❣s ✏✐❧❧✉✲
s✐♦♥✱ ✉♥r❡❛❧✐t②✱ ❞❡❝❡♣t✐♦♥✱ ❢r❛✉❞✱ tr✐❝❦✱ s♦r❝❡r②✱ ✇✐t❝❤❝r❛❢t✱
♠❛❣✐❝✱ ♣❤❛♥t♦♠✱ ❛♣♣❛r✐t✐♦♥✑ ❛s ❜❡✐♥❣ ✐ts ❝♦r❡ ♠❡❛♥✐♥❣ ✐♥
❘✐❣✈❡❞❛ ❛♥❞ ❞❡r✐✈✐♥❣ ✐t ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ r♦♦t mā ❬●♦♥❞❛✱ ✶✾✺✾❪✳
√

māyı́n ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ❉❙✿ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r t♦ ❢r❛♠❡ ✭t❤♦✉❣❤ts✱

✐❞❡❛s✱ ♣❡r❝❡♣t✐♦♥ ❛♥❞ ❝♦❣♥✐t✐♦♥ ✐♥ ❣❡♥❡r❛❧✮ ♦♥❡✱ tr✐❝❦✲
st❡r✱ ✷✶✳
citrá ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❝♦♥s♣✐❝✉♦✉s✱ ✈❛r✐♦✉s✱ ♠❛♥✐❢♦❧❞✱ ❞✐st✐♥❣✉✐s❤❡❞✱
❉❙✿ ❝❛♣t✉r✐♥❣ ❛tt❡♥t✐♦♥✱ ❛ttr❛❝t✐♥❣ ❛tt❡♥t✐♦♥✱ ♥♦t✐❝❛✲
❜❧❡✱ ✺✵✳
ketú ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❜❛♥♥❡r✱ s✐❣♥❀ ✢❛♠❡❀ ❉❙✿ str✐❦✐♥❣ ❡①❛♠♣❧❡✱
❢♦❝❛❧✲♣♦✐♥t✱ ✶✷✳
▼✐♥❞ ❛♥❞ ❜♦❞② ✶✸✼✾

śrutá ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❢❛♠❡❞✱ ❢❛♠♦✉s✱ r❡♥♦✇♥❡❞❀ ❜❡✐♥❣ ❧✐st❡♥❡❞ t♦✱

t❛✉❣❤t✱ ❤❡❛r❞❀ ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳ ♦r❛❧ tr❛❞✐t✐♦♥✱ ✸✻✳
sumatı́ ♥♦✉♥ ❢✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❜❡♥❡✈♦❧❡♥❝❡✱ ❢❛✈♦✉r✱ ❉❙✿ ❡✛❡❝t✐✈❡ ♠❡♥t❛❧
❣❡st✉r❡❀ ❢❛✈♦✉r❛❜❧❡ ❞✐s♣♦s✐t✐♦♥✱ ❣♦♦❞ ❣r❛❝❡s ♦❢✱ ✷✽✳
durmatı́ ♥♦✉♥ ❢✳✱ ❉❙✿ ♥♦①✐♦✉s ♠♦♦❞✱ ✾✳
prámati ♥♦✉♥ ❢✳✱ ❉❙✿ ♣r✐♠✐♥❣ ♠❡♥t❛❧ ❣❡st✉r❡✱ ✸✳
sumná ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❢❛✈♦✉r✱ ❜❡♥❡✈♦❧❡♥❝❡✱ ❣r❛❝❡❀ ❛❞❥✳✱ ❣r❛✲
❝✐♦✉s❀ ❉❙✿ ❜❡♥❡✈♦❧❡♥t t❤♦✉❣❤t✱ ❜❡♥❡✈♦❧❡♥t st❛t❡ ♦❢
♠✐♥❞✱ ❜❡♥❡✈♦❧❡♥t ♠✐♥❞s❡t✱ ❤✐❣❤s♣✐r✐t❡❞ ♠✐♥❞s❡t❀ ❜❧❡ss✲
✐♥❣✱ ✷✽✳
śunám ❛❞✈✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❤❛♣♣✐❧②✱ ✶✺✳
váśa ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱▼❲✿ ✇✐s❤✱ ✇✐❧❧✱ ❝♦♠♠❛♥❞❀ ❛❞❥✳✱ ✇✐❧❧✐♥❣❀ ❉❙✿
❞❡s✐r✐♥❣✱ ✶✸✳
védas ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱▼❲✿ ❦♥♦✇❧❡❞❣❡❀ ♣r♦♣❡rt②✱ ✶✹✳
védhas ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ❉❙✿ ❛❞❡♣t✱ ✶✹✳
√
man ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ s❡t ♠✐♥❞ ♦♥✱ t♦ t❤✐♥❦ ✉♣♦♥✱ t♦
❝♦♥s✐❞❡r✱ t♦ r❡❣❛r❞✱ t♦ ✐♠❛❣✐♥❡✱ t♦ r❡✢❡❝t ♦♥✱ t♦ ❧♦♥❣
❢♦r✱ t♦ t❤✐♥❦✱ t♦ ♠✐♥❞✱ t♦ ♦❜s❡r✈❡✱ t♦ s✉♣♣♦s❡❀ ✇✐t❤ ati✲
t♦ ❞✐s❞❛✐♥❀ ✇✐t❤ anu✲ t♦ ♣❡r♠✐t✱ t♦ ❛ss❡♥t✱ t♦ ❛♣♣r♦✈❡❀
✇✐t❤ pari✲ t♦ ♦✈❡r❧♦♦❦❀ ✇✐t❤ abhi✲ t♦ ❤❛✈❡ ❞❡s✐❣♥s ♦♥✱
✺✽✳
√
cit ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ❜❡ ❛tt❡♥t✐✈❡✱ t♦ ♥♦t✐❝❡✱ t♦ ✜① ♠✐♥❞
✉♣♦♥✱ t♦ t❛❦❡ ♥♦t✐❝❡✱ t♦ ❛tt❡♥❞ t♦✱ t♦ ❦♥♦✇✱ t♦ r❡♠✐♥❞✱
t♦ ♦❜s❡r✈❡✱ t♦ ❛✐♠ ❛t✱ t♦ ✐♥t❡♥❞❀ t♦ ❛♣♣❡❛r❀ ❉❙✿ t♦
✇❛t❝❤✱ t♦ ❞✐s❝r✐♠✐♥❛t❡✱ t♦ ❞✐s❝❡r♥✱ t♦ ❝♦♥s✐❞❡r❀ ▼❲✿
✇✐t❤ ā✲ t♦ ✉♥❞❡rst❛♥❞✱ ✹✸✳
cit ❛❞❥✳✱ ♦♥❧② ✐♥ ❝♦♠♣✳✱ ▼❲✿ ♣✐❧✐♥❣❀ ♥♦t✐❝✐♥❣✱ ✽✳
√
ci ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ s❡❡❦❀ t♦ ♥♦t✐❝❡❀ ✇✐t❤ vi✲ t♦ ❞✐s❝❡r♥✱
✹✳
√
vid ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ✜♥❞✱ t♦ ✜♥❞ ♦✉t✱ t♦ ❞✐s❝♦✈❡r✱ t♦
♦❜t❛✐♥✱ t♦ ♥♦t✐❝❡✱ t♦ r❡♠❡♠❜❡r❀ t♦ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❛❝q✉❛✐♥t❡❞✱
t♦ ❡①♣❡r✐❡♥❝❡✱ t♦ ❦♥♦✇✱ t♦ ✉♥❞❡rst❛♥❞✱ t♦ ❧❡❛r♥✱ ❤❛✈❡
❝♦rr❡❝t ♥♦t✐♦♥ ♦❢✱ t♦ ❝♦♥s✐❞❡r ❛s❀ ✇✐t❤ anu✲ t♦ s❡❡❦✱ t♦
✜♥❞❀ ✇✐t❤ vi✲ t♦ ❞✐s❝❡r♥✱ ✶✾✷✳
✶✸✽✵ ❱♦❝❛❜✉❧❛r②
vid ❛❞❥✳✱ ♦♥❧② ✐♥ ❝♦♠♣✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❦♥♦✇✐♥❣✱ ✜♥❞✐♥❣✱ ❜❡✐♥❣ ❢❛✲
♠✐❧✐❛r ✇✐t❤✱ ✷✵✳

√
ūh ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ❝♦♥s✐❞❡r✱ t♦ r❡❣❛r❞✱ t♦ ❝♦♠♣r❡✲
❤❡♥❞✱ t♦ ❞❡❧✐❜❡r❛t❡ ✉♣♦♥✱ t♦ ❛tt❡♥❞ t♦✱ t♦ ♦❜s❡r✈❡❀ ✇✐t❤
sam✲ t♦ ❜r✐♥❣ t♦❣❡t❤❡r✱ ✾✳

√
jāgr. ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ❜❡ ❛✇❛❦❡ ♦r ✇❛t❝❤❢✉❧❀ ✇✐t❤ abhi✲
t♦ ✇❛t❝❤ ♦✈❡r ✼✳

ámati ♥♦✉♥ ❢✳✱ ❉❙✿ ✐♠♣✉❧s✐✈❡♥❡ss✱ ✽✳

amáti ♥♦✉♥ ❢✳✱ ❉❙✿ ✐♥❝✐t✐♥❣✲t♦✲❛❝t ❞❡✜♥✐t✐✈❡♥❡ss✱ ✶✳

cars.an.ı́ ❛❞❥✳✱ ❉❙✿ ❞r❛✇✐♥❣ t♦ t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s✱ ✽✳ ■♥ ✐♥♥❡r s❡♥s❡✱ ✇❤❡♥

✐♥ ♣❧✉r❛❧✱ ✐t st❛♥❞s ❢♦r t❤❡ s❡♥s❡s ✭ ✈✐s✐♦♥✱ ❤❡❛r✐♥❣✱ s♠❡❧❧✱
❡t❝✳✮ ✖ t❤❡✐r ❢✉♥❝t✐♦♥ ❞r❛✇s ❛tt❡♥t✐♦♥ t♦ st✐♠✉❧✐✳ ■♥
s✐♥❣✉❧❛r✱ ✐t ✐s ❛ ❝❤❛r❛❝t❡r✐st✐❝ ♦❢ Indra ❛♥❞ Agni❀ ✐♥ t❤❡
❡①t❡r♥❛❧ s❡♥s❡ ✐t ♠❡❛♥s ✏s❡tt❧❡rs✑✳

dúvas ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ❉❙✿ r❡❛❞✐♥❡ss ❢♦r ❛❝t✐♦♥✱ ❣❡st✉r❡ ♦❢ ❝♦♠♠✐t✲

♠❡♥t✱ ✾✳

dharún.a ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ❉❙✿ s✉♣♣♦rt✱ ♣r♦♣✱ ▼❲✿ ❢♦✉♥❞❛t✐♦♥✱ ✾✳

✖✖

kā´ma ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❧♦♥❣✐♥❣✱ ❞❡s✐r❡❀ ♦❜❥❡❝t ♦❢ ❞❡s✐r❡✱ ❛❞❥✳

❞❡s✐r♦✉s✱ ✹✶✳

kā´mya ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❛♠✐❜❛❧❡✱ ❞❡s✐r❛❜❧❡❀ ❉❙✿ t♦ ❜❡ ❞❡s✐r❡❞✱ ✼✳

vanas ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ♦♥❧② ✐♥ ❝♦♠♣✳ ▼❲✿ ❧♦♥❣✐♥❣✱ ❞❡s✐r❡❀ ❉❙✿ ♠♦✲
t✐✈❡✱ ✷✵✳

spārhá ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❞❡s✐r❛❜❧❡✱ ❉❙✿ ❡❛❣❡r❧② ❞❡s✐r❡❞✱ ✼✳

ártha ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳♥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ♣✉r♣♦s❡✱ ❝❛✉s❡✱ ✐♥t❡♥t✱ ❝♦♥❝❡r♥✱ ❛✐♠✱

✶✶✳

savitŕ. ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ❉❙✿ ✐♠♣❡❧❧❡r✱ ✺✳

vı́vrata ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ r❡❧✉❝t❛♥t✱ r❡❢r❛❝t♦r②✱ ✼✳

ks.éma ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❛t ❡❛s❡❀ ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ s❡tt❧❡❞ ❧✐❢❡✱ ❞✇❡❧❧✐♥❣ ✐♥

♣❡❛❝❡✱ ✽✳
▼✐♥❞ ❛♥❞ ❜♦❞② ✶✸✽✶

bhójana ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❛ ♠❡❛❧❀ ❡♥❥♦②♠❡♥t❀ ❉❙✿ ❛ s♦✉r❝❡ ♦❢ ♣❧❡❛✲

s✉r❡❀ s✉♣♣❧✐❡s✱ ✶✼✳
priyá ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❢❛✈♦r✐t❡✱ ❞❡❛r✱ ✇❛♥t❡❞✱ ❧✐❦❡❞❀ ❏❇✿ ❝❤❡r✐s❤❡❞✱
✹✽✳
cā´ru ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❛❣r❡❡❛❜❧❡✱ ❞❡❛r✱ ❡st❡❡♠❡❞❀ ❉❙✿ ❢❛✈♦✉r✐t❡✱
♣❧❡❛s❛♥t✱ ✶✽✳
vāmá ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❧♦✈❡❧②❀ ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳ ✇❤❛t✬s ❧♦✈❡❧②✱ ✶✸✳
práyas ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ❉❙✿ ❞❡❧✐❣❤t✱ ❞❡❧✐❣❤t❢✉❧ ❡✛❡❝t✱ ✶✺✳
práyasvant ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣ ❧✐❜❛t✐♦♥s❀ ❉❙✿ ❞✐s♣❡♥s✐♥❣ ❞❡❧✐❣❤ts✱
✽✳
mā´hina ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❝❛✉s✐♥❣ ❥♦②✱ ❣❧❛❞s♦♠❡✱ ✼✳
hiran.yáya ❛❞❥✳✱ ❉❙✿ ❡♥❝❤❛♥t✐♥❣❀ ▼❲✿ ❛❜♦✉♥❞✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❣♦❧❞✱ ✶✺✳

hı́ran.ya ❛❞❥✳✱ ❉❙✿ ❡♥❝❤❛♥t✐♥❣❀ ▼❲✿ ❣♦❧❞❡♥❀ ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ❣♦❧❞✱ ✶✸✳
pánya ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❛st♦♥✐s❤✐♥❣❀ ❉❙✿ t♦ ❜❡ ❛❞♠✐r❡❞✱ ✼✳
vára ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ s✉✐t♦r❀ ❝❤♦✐❝❡❀ ❛ r❡q✉❡st❀ ❛❞❥✳✱ ❝❤♦✐s❡st✱
✷✶✳
vā´rya ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ❜❡ ❝❤♦s❡♥✱ ♣r❡❝✐♦✉s❀ ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ✇❤❛t ✐s t♦
❜❡ ❝❤♦s❡♥❀ ✇❡❛❧t❤✱ ✶✵✳
vā´ta ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❞❡s✐r❡❞✴❞❡s✐r❛❜❧❡✱ ✶✳
yáśas ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ✇♦rt❤✱ ❤♦♥♦✉r❀ ❛❞❥✳✱ ❡st❡❡♠❡❞✱ ✶✺✳
yātú ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ❉❙✿ ✐♥❢❛t✉❛t✐♦♥✱ ✶✺✳
nı́d ♥♦✉♥ ❢✳✱ ❉❙✿ ✐♠♣♦s❡❞ ❝♦♥str❛✐♥t❀ ❛♥ ♦❜❥❡❝t ♦❢ r✐❞✐❝✉❧❡✱
✾✳
bhiyás ♥♦✉♥ ❢✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❢❡❛r✱ ❛♣♣r❡❤❡♥s✐♦♥✱ ✶✵✳
niyút ✱ ♦♥❝❡ nı́yut✱ ❛❞❥✳✱ ❉❙✿ ✐♥♥❛t❡✱ ✐♥t❡r♥❛❧❧② ❝♦♥♥❡❝t❡❞❀
▼❲✿ ♥♦✉♥ ❢✳✱ t❡❛♠ ✭♦❢ ❤♦rs❡s✮❀ s❡r✐❡s ♦❢ ✇♦r❞s✱ ♦❢ ✈❡rs❡s✱
✈❡rs❡ ✶✸✳
√
vr. ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ❝❤♦♦s❡✱ ✇✐t❤ ā- t♦ ♣r❡❢❡r✱ t♦ r❡❧②
♦♥❀ ✇✐t❤ pra✲ t♦ ♣r❡❢❡r✱ ✷✹✳
✶✸✽✷ ❱♦❝❛❜✉❧❛r②
√
mad ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t❡✱ t♦ ❣❧❛❞❞❡♥✱ t♦ ❡①✉❧t✱
t♦ ✐♥t♦①✐❝❛t❡✱ t♦ r❡✈❡❧✱ t♦ r❡❥♦✐❝❡❀ t♦ ✐♥✢❛♠❡✱ t♦ ✐♥s♣✐r❡❀
✇✐t❤ pra✲ t♦ ✐♥❞✉❧❣❡❀ ✇✐t❤ anu✲ t♦ r❡❥♦✐❝❡ ♦✈❡r✱ ❏❇✿ t♦
❝❤❡❡r✱ ✶✵✶✳
√
mand ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ✐♥✢❛♠❡✱ t♦ ❡①❤✐❧❛r❛t❡✱ t♦ ❣❧❛❞❞❡♥✱
t♦ ❣❡t ❞r✉♥❦✱ t♦ ❞❡❧✐❣❤t ✐♥❀ ✇✐t❤ abhi✲ t♦ t❛❦❡ ♣❧❡❛s✉r❡
✐♥❀ ✇✐t❤ pra✲ t♦ ❜❡ s♣♦rt✐♥❣✱ ❉❙✿ t♦ ✜r❡ ✉♣✱ ✻✷✳
√
mand ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ t❛rr②✱ t♦ ♣❛✉s❡✱ ✸✳
√
is. ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ s❡❡❦✱ ❡♥❞❡❛✈♦r t♦ ♦❜t❛✐♥✱ ✷✽✳
√
nādh ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ❛s❦ ❢♦r ❤❡❧♣✱ ✼✳
śrus..tı́ ♥♦✉♥ ❢✳✱ ▼❲✿ ✇✐❧❧✐♥❣ s❡r✈✐❝❡✱ ❝♦♥✜❞❡♥❝❡✱ ✼✳
aśús.a ❛❞❥✳✱ ❉❙✿ ✉♥❛❜❛t✐♥❣✱ ✼✳
✖✖
bāhú ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❛r♠❀ ❉❙✿ ✭♦♥❝❡✮ ❛ ❢♦♦t ✭❛s ❛ ♠❡❛s✉r❡ ♦❢
❧❡♥❣t❤✮✱ ✹✼✳
hásta ♥♦✉♥ ❢✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❤❛♥❞✱ ✸✾✳
gábhasti ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❛ ❤❛♥❞❀ ❛❞❥✳✱ ❉❙✿ r❛②✲❧✐❦❡✱ ✶✺✳
pád ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❢♦♦t❀ ❏❇✿ ❢♦r❡❢♦♦t✱ ✶✶✳
padá ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❢♦♦t✱ ❢♦♦t♣r✐♥t✱ tr❛❝❦❀ st❡♣❀ st❛♥③❛✱ ✶✹✳
pā´da ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❢♦♦t❀ ❉❙✿ st❡♣✱ ✼✳
bála ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ ✭❜♦❞✐❧②✮ str❡♥❣t❤✱ ♣♦✇❡r✱ ✶✸✳
śı́ras ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ▼❲✿ t❤❡ ❤❡❛❞✱ t❤❡ t♦♣✱ ✶✼✳
śı̄rs.án ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ t❤❡ ❤❡❛❞✱ t❤❡ s❦✉❧❧❀ t❤❡ t♦♣✱ ✶✷✳
śı́prā ♥♦✉♥ ❢✳✱ ▼❲✿ t❤❡ ❧✐♣✱ ✻✳
hŕ.d ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ▼❲✿ t❤❡ ❤❡❛rt✱ ✷✵✳
párvan ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❥♦✐♥t✱ ❦♥♦t✱ ❧✐♠❜❀ s❡❝t✐♦♥✱ ✶✵✳
vána ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ❉❙✿ s♣✐♥❡✱ s♣✐♥❛❧ ❝♦r❞✱ ✷✳
pr..s.thá ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❜❛❝❦❀ ❉❙✿ ❜❛s❡❀ ❛❞❥✳✱ ❢♦r♠✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❜❛s❡❡✱
✾✳
❙♦❝✐❡t② ❛♥❞ ❞✇❡❧❧✐♥❣ ✶✸✽✸

ádri ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ✐♥ ♣❧✉r❛❧✱ t❡❡t❤ ♦r ✢♦❛t✐♥❣ r✐❜s✱ ✺✳

cáks.as ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❡②❡✱ ❧♦♦❦❀ ❉❙✿ ❣✉✐❞❡✱ ✾✳

andhá ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❜❧✐♥❞❀ ❉❙✿ ❜❧✐♥❞✐♥❣✱ ✼✳

kárn.a ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❡❛r✱ ✾✳

śrut ❛❞❥✳✱ ♦♥❧② ✐♥ ❝♦♠♣✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❤❡❛r✐♥❣✱ ❧✐st❡♥✐♥❣✱ ✻✳

śubhrı́ ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ r❡✐♥❢♦r❝✐♥❣✱ r❡♣❧❡♥✐s❤✐♥❣✱ ✽✳

śubhrá ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❡♥❤❛♥❝✐♥❣✱ r❡♣❧❡♥✐s❤✐♥❣✱ ✻✳

√
jı̄v ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ❧✐✈❡✱ ✼✳

❙♦❝✐❡t② ❛♥❞ ❞✇❡❧❧✐♥❣

jána ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ ♣❡♦♣❧❡✱ ❛ tr✐❜❡✱ ❛ r❛❝❡ ✭❡❛rt❤❧② ❝r❡❛t✉r❡s
♦r ❝❡❧❡st✐❛❧ ♦♥❡s✮✱ ❛ ♣❡rs♦♥✱ ❛ ♠❛♥✱ ❛ ❞❡s❝❡♥❞❛♥t❀ ❛
❝r❡❛t✉r❡❀ ❉❙✿ ♣❧✳ ❢♦❧❦s✱ ✶✶✷✳

pitŕ. ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❛ ❢❛t❤❡r✱ ❛ ♣❛r❡♥t✱ ❢♦r❡❢❛t❤❡r✱ ❛♥❝❡st♦r✱

✺✹✳

mātŕ. ♥♦✉♥ ❢✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❛ ♠♦t❤❡r✱ ✹✷✳ ❯s❡❞ ♠❡t❛♣❤♦r✐❝❛❧❧②✱ ✐t s✐❣✲

♥✐✜❡s s♦♠❡t❤✐♥❣ t❤❛t ❝r❡❛t❡s ❝♦♥❞✐t✐♦♥s ❢♦r s♦♠❡t❤✐♥❣
❡❧s❡ t♦ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st✱ t♦ ❡♠❡r❣❡✱ ♦r s♦♠❡t❤✐♥❣ t❤❛t ♥✉rt✉r❡s
❛♥❞ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥s s♦♠❡t❤✐♥❣ ❡❧s❡✳ ❖♥❡ ♣❤❡♥♦♠❡♥♦♥ ♦r
♦♥❡ ❡♥t✐t② ❝♦✉❧❞ t❤✉s ❤❛✈❡ ♠❛♥② ✏♠♦t❤❡rs✑✳

toká ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ♦✛s♣r✐♥❣✱ ❝❤✐❧❞r❡♥❀ ❉❙✿ ♣r♦❣❡♥②✱ ✶✽✳

tánaya ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ♣r♦♣❛❣❛t✐♥❣ ❢❛♠✐❧②✱ ✶✻✳

nápāt ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ ♦✛s♣r✐♥❣✱ ❞❡s❝❡♥❞❛♥t✱ ❣r❛♥❞s♦♥✱ ✼✳

prajā´ ♥♦✉♥ ❢✳✱ ▼❲✿ ♦✛s♣r✐♥❣✱ ❢❛♠✐❧②✱ ♣r♦❝r❡❛t✐♦♥✱ ✼✳

gotrá ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❝♦✇s❤❡❞❀ ❧✐♥❡❛❣❡ ✶✶✳

āyú ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❢❛♠✐❧②✱ ♦✛s♣r✐♥❣✱ ✷✳

putrá ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ s♦♥✱ ❝❤✐❧❞❀ t❤❡ ②♦✉♥❣ ♦❢✱ ✷✽✳

sūnú ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ s♦♥✱ ✸✳

duhitŕ. ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❞❛✉❣❤t❡r✱ ✼✳

✶✸✽✹ ❱♦❝❛❜✉❧❛r②
yos.ā ♥♦✉♥ ❢✳✱ ▼❲✿ ♠❛✐❞❡♥✱ ❣✐r❧❀ ②♦✉♥❣ ✇♦♠❛♥❀ ♠❛r❡✱ ✽✳
jāmı́ ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ♣❡❝✉❧✐❛r t♦❀ ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ❏❇✿ ❦✐♥✱ s✐❜❧✐♥❣✱ ✾✳
bhrā´tr. ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❜r♦t❤❡r✱ ✽✳
ks.áya ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❛❜♦❞❡✱ ❞✇❡❧❧✐♥❣❀ ♣❡❛❝❡✱ ✶✾✳
ókas ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❤♦♠❡✱ r❡❢✉❣❡✱ ❤♦✉s❡✱ ❛❜♦❞❡✱ ❞✇❡❧❧✐♥❣✱ ✶✻✳
ásta ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❤♦♠❡✱ ✾✳
dám ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❤♦✉s❡❀ ❉❙✿ ❤♦✉s❡❤♦❧❞✱ ✸✳
gr.há ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❤♦✉s❡✱ ❢❛♠✐❧②✱ ✶✸✳
rā´jan ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❛ ❝❤✐❡❢✱ ❛ ❦✐♥❣✱ ❛ s♦✈❡r❡✐❣♥❀ ❉❙✿ ❝❤✐❡❢t❛✐♥✱
✻✺✳
samrā´j ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ❉❙✿ ❥♦✐♥t r✉❧❡r✱ ✶✷✳
kr..s.tı́ ♥♦✉♥ ❢✳✱ ▼❲✿ tr✐❜❡✱ ✸✺✳
viś ♥♦✉♥ ❢✳✱ ▼❲✿ s❡tt❧❡♠❡♥t✱ ❞✇❡❧❧✐♥❣✱ ❤♦♠❡st❡❛❞❀ tr✐❜❡❀
❏❇✿ ❝❧❛♥✱ ✸✻✳
ks.itı́ ♥♦✉♥ ❢✳✱ ❉❙✿ ❝❧❛♥✱ tr✐❜❡✱ s❡tt❧❡r✱ ✶✽✳
yugá ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❣❡♥❡r❛t✐♦♥✱ ❉❙✿ ❧✐❢❡s♣❛♥❀ ▼❲✿ ②♦❦❡✱
t❡❛♠✱ ✶✶✳
pūrú ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❛ ♠❛♥❀ ♥❛♠❡ ♦❢ ❛ tr✐❜❡❀ ❉❙✿ ❝♦♠♠♦♥❡r✱
✶✶✳
urvárā ♥♦✉♥ ❢✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❢❡rt✐❧❡ s♦✐❧✱ ②✐❡❧❞✐♥❣ ❝r♦♣ ✜❡❧❞❀ ❉❙✿ ❢❡rt✐❧❡
❧❛♥❞✱ ✾✳
sádana ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❛ s❡❛t✱ ❛❜♦❞❡❀ ❉❙✿ s♦✐❧❀ s✐tt✐♥❣ ❞♦✇♥✱ ❛
s✐tt✐♥❣❀ ❛♥ ❛ss❡♠❜❧②✱ ✷✵✳
sádas ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ▼❲✿ s❡❛t❀ ❛ss❡♠❜❧②✱ ✾✳
mā´nus.a ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❤✉♠❛♥❀ ♥✳ ♠❛♥❤♦♦❞✱ ✶✺✳
mánus ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❛♥ ✐♥t❡❧❧✐❣❡♥t ♠❛♥✱ ♠❛♥✱ ❤✉♠❛♥✱ ✶✺✳
radhrá ❛❞❥✳✱ ❉❙✿ ♠❡❡❦✱ ✽✳
pátnı̄ ♥♦✉♥ ❢✳✱ ▼❲✿ ♠✐str❡ss✱ ✇✐❢❡✱ ✶✺✳
Pr♦♣❡r ♥❛♠❡s ✶✸✽✺

Pr♦♣❡r ♥❛♠❡s
Atithigvá ♣r♦♣❡r ♥❛♠❡ ♠✳✱ ✶✷✳

Átri ♣r♦♣❡r ♥❛♠❡ ♠✳✱ ✶✶✳

Uśánas ♣r♦♣❡r ♥❛♠❡ ♠✳✱ ✶✵✳

R
. jı́śvan ♣r♦♣❡r ♥❛♠❡ ♠✳✱ ✾✳

Kán.va ♣r♦♣❡r ♥❛♠❡ ♠✳✱ ✶✽✳

Kútsa ♣r♦♣❡r ♥❛♠❡ ♠✳✱ ✸✺✳

Kuśiká ♣r♦♣❡r ♥❛♠❡ ♠✳✱ ✼✳

Trasádasyu ♣r♦♣❡r ♥❛♠❡ ♠✳✱ ✼✳ ▲✐t✳ ✏✇❤♦ ✐s s❡❡❦✐♥❣ t❤❡ t❤r❡❡

s❡❛ts✑❀ ♣r♦❜✳ ❛♥ ❡①tr❛❝t ♦❢ Soma✳

Turváśa ♣r♦♣❡r ♥❛♠❡ ♠✳✱ ✶✺✳ Pr♦❜❛❜❧② ❧✐t✳ ✏❤❛✈✐♥❣ ♦✈❡r♣♦✇❡r✲

✐♥❣ ✇✐❧❧✑✳

Dabh´ı̄ti ♣r♦♣❡r ♥❛♠❡ ♠✳✱ ✾✳

Yádu ♣r♦♣❡r ♥❛♠❡ ♠✳✱ ✶✺✳

Rúśama ♣r♦♣❡r ♥❛♠❡ ♠✳✱ ✹✳

Ruśáma ♣r♦♣❡r ♥❛♠❡ ♠✳✱ ✸✳

❱❛r✐♦✉s
pathı́n ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳ ▼❲✿ ♣❛t❤✱ ❝♦✉rs❡✱ ✇❛②✱ r♦❛❞❀ ❉❙✿ ♣❛t❤✇❛②✱
✷✺✳

gātú ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ❉❙✿ ❛♥ ✉♥✐♠♣❡❞❡❞ ✇❛②✴♣❛t❤✇❛②✱ ❛♥ ✉♥♦❜✲

str✉❝t❡❞ ✇❛②✱ ✶✾✳ ❚❤✐s ✇♦r❞ ❞❡♥♦t❡s ❝♦♥❝r❡t❡✱ ❞❡t❛✐❧❡❞
❝♦✉rs❡✱ ✇❤✐❧❡ pathin✱ ❞❡♥♦t❡s ❛ ❣❡♥❡r❛❧ ✇❛② ✇✐t❤ ❥✉st
♠❛❥♦r ✇❛②♣♦✐♥ts ❞❡✜♥❡❞✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ♠✉❧t✐♣❧❡ gātu✲s✳

ádhvan ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳ ▼❲✿ ❞✐st❛♥❝❡✱ ❥♦✉r♥❡②✱ ❝♦✉rs❡✱ ♣❛t❤✱ r♦❛❞❀

❉❙✿ ♣❛t❤✇❛②✱ ✶✵✳

supārá ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❣✐✈✐♥❣ ❛♥ ❡❛s② ♣❛ss❛❣❡✱ ❡❛s② t♦ ❝r♦ss✱ ✾✳

pravát ♥♦✉♥ ❢✳♥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❤❡✐❣❤t✱ s❧♦♣❡✱ s♠♦♦t❤ ♣❛t❤✇❛②✱ s✇✐❢t

❝♦✉rs❡❀ ✐♥str✳ ❞♦✇♥❤✐❧❧❀ ❛❞❥✳✱ ❞✐r❡❝t❡❞ ❢♦r✇❛r❞s❀ ♥♦✉♥ ❢✳✱
❉❙✿ ❣r♦♦✈❡✱ ✶✺✳
✶✸✽✻ ❱♦❝❛❜✉❧❛r②
sáras ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ❉❙✿ ❝❤❛♥♥❡❧❀ ▼❲✿ ♣♦♥❞❀ ♣❛✐❧✱ ✼✳
budhna ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❜♦tt♦♠❀ ❜❛s❡❀ ❉❙✿ ❜❛s✐s✱ ✶✵✳
guhā´ ♥♦✉♥ ❢✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❛ s❡❝r❡t ♣❧❛❝❡✱ ❛ ❤✐❞✐♥❣ ♣❧❛❝❡❀ ❛ ❝❛✈❡r♥✱
✶✷✳
cakrá ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ✇❤❡❡❧✱ ❛ ❝✐r❝❧❡❀ ❛ ❞✐s❝✉s❀ ❉❙✿ ❝❛❦r❛✱ ✷✼✳
dhúr ♥♦✉♥ ❢✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❝❤❛r✐♦t ♣♦❧❡✱ ♣♦❧❡✱ ❜✉r❞❡♥❀ ❉❙✿ ❤❛r♥❡ss✱
✽✳
áks.a ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❛♥ ❛①❧❡❀ ❛♥ ❡②❡✱ ✾✳
ánas ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❝❛rt✱ ✽✳
aks.á ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❛ ❞✐❡✱ ✶✳
yuktá ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❤❛r♥❡ss❡❞✱ ②♦❦❡❞✱ s❡t✲t♦✲✇♦r❦✱ ❡♠♣❧♦②❡❞✱ ✶✺✳
yā´man ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❝♦♠✐♥❣✱ ✢✐❣❤t❀ ❏❇✿ ❥♦✉r♥❡②❀ ❉❙✿ ❡①♣❡❞✐✲
t✐♦♥✱ ✶✶✳
✖✖
āśú ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ s✇✐❢t✱ q✉✐❝❦✱ ❉❙✿ ♠♦✈✐♥❣ q✉✐❝❦❧②✱ ✷✷✳
jı̄ra ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ q✉✐❝❦✱ ✶✷✳
tū´yam ✐♥❞❡❝❧✳✱ ▼❲✿ q✉✐❝❦❀ ❉❙✿ q✉✐❝❦❧②✱ ✶✸✳
maks.ū´ ✐♥❞❡❝❧✳✱ ▼❲✿ ♣r♦♠♣t❧②✱ q✉✐❝❦❧②✱ ✶✵✳
múhur ✐♥❞❡❝❧✳✱ ▼❲✿ s✉❞❞❡♥❧②❀ ❛t ♦♥❝❡✱ ❢♦r ❛ ♠♦♠❡♥t✱ ✼✳
sárga ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ s✇❛r♠✱ ❣✉s❤✱ ❞♦✇♥♣♦✉r✱ ❛ ❤❡r❞ ❧❡t ❧♦♦s❡
❢r♦♠ ❛ st❛❜❧❡❀ ❧❡tt✐♥❣ ❣♦❀ ❉❙✿ r❡❧❡❛s✐♥❣✱ ✶✵✳
áśva ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❛ ❤♦rs❡✱ ❛ st❡❡❞✱ ❛ st❛❧✐♦♥✱ ✶✵✺✳
árvat ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❛ ❤♦rs❡✱ ❛ ❝♦✉rs❡r❀ ❛❞❥✳✱ ❤❛st✐♥❣❀ ❉❙✿
❢❛st✲♣❛❝❡❞✱ ✷✵✳
árvan ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ❛ ❝♦✉rs❡r✱ ❛ st❡❡❞✱ ✼✳
sápti ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❛ ❝♦✉rs❡r✱ ❛ st❡❡❞✱ ✼✳
.rjrá ❛❞❥✳✱ ❣♦✐♥❣ str❛✐❣❤t✱ ✽✳
❱❛r✐♦✉s ✶✸✽✼

átya ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❝♦✉rs❡r✱ st❡❡❞❀ ❏❇✿ t❤♦r♦✉❣❤❜r❡❞❀ ❉❙✿

❛❞❥✳✱ r❛♣✐❞✱ ✶✻✳
áśvya ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❝♦♥s✐st✐♥❣ ♦❢ ❤♦rs❡s✱ ❝♦♠✐♥❣ ❢r♦♠ ❤♦rs❡s✱ r❡✲
❧❛t❡❞ t♦ ❤♦rs❡s❀ ❉❙✿ r❤②t❤♠✐❝❛❧✱ ✶✻✳
váhni ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❤❡ ✇❤♦ ❝♦♥✈❡②s✱ ❛ ❜❡❛r❡r✱ ❛ ❝❛rr✐❡r❀ ❛
❞r❛✉❣❤t ❤♦rs❡✱ ❛ ❞r❛✉❣❤t ❛♥✐♠❛❧❀ ❛ r✐❞❡r❀ ❛ ✜r❡✱ ✶✻✳
vı́ ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❛ ❜✐r❞✱ ✶✻✳ ❙♦♠❡t✐♠❡s ✉s❡❞ ❛ s②♠❜♦❧ ♦❢
❛ ❢❛♥t❛s② ♦r ❛ ❞❛②✲❞r❡❛♠✳
śyená ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❛ ❤❛✇❦✱ ✶✻✳
mr.gá ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❜❡❛st❀ ❉❙✿ ❛❞❥✳ ✇✐❧❞✱ ✶✷✳
vám
. saga ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ❉❙✿ ❛♥ ♦①✱ ✼✳
dhenú ♥♦✉♥ ❢✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❛ ♠✐❧❝❤ ❝♦✇❀ ♠✐❧❦❀ ❛❞❥✳ ②✐❡❧❞✐♥❣ ♠✐❧❦✱
❣✐✈✐♥❣ ♠✐❧❦✱ ✸✶✳
dhénā ♥♦✉♥ ❢✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❛ ♠✐❝❤ ❝♦✇❀ ❉❙✿ ♥♦✉r✐s❤✐♥❣ str❡❛♠❀ ❛❞❥✳✱
♥♦✉r✐s❤✐♥❣✱ ✶✵✳
sudúghā ❛❞❥✳✱ ❢✳✱ ▼❲✿ ②✐❡❧❞✐♥❣ ♠✉❝❤ ♠✐❧❦✱ ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥t✱ ✾✳
vaks.án.ā ♥♦✉♥ ❢✳✱ ❏❇✿ ✉❞❞❡r✱ ❜r❡❛st❀ ❉❙✿ ❛❞❥✳✱ ♥♦✉r✐s❤✐♥❣✱ ✼✳
vatsá ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❛ ❝❛❧❢❀ ❛ ❞❛r❧✐♥❣✱ ✶✼✳
paśú ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❛♥✐♠❛❧✱ ❛ ❞♦♠❡st✐❝ ❛♥✐♠❛❧✱ ❛ t❡t❤❡r❡❞
❛♥✐♠❛❧❀ ❜❡❛st❀ ❝❛tt❧❡✱ ❦✐♥❡❀ ❤❡r❞❀ ❛ ❜r✉t❡ ✶✼✳
gopā´ ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❝♦✇❤❡r❞✱ ❤❡r❞s♠❛♥❀ ❛ ❣✉❛r❞✐❛♥✱ ❛ ♣r♦✲
t❡❝t♦r✱ ✶✹✳
yáva ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❜❛r❧❡②✱ ✶✼✳
yávasa ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❣r❛ss✱ ❢♦❞❞❡r❀ ♣❛st✉r❡✱ ♣❛st✉r❛❣❡✱ ✶✵✳
yūthá ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❤❡r❞✱ ✶✵✳
jágat ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ✇❤❛t ✐s ♠♦✈✐♥❣❀ ❉❙✿ ❛ ❝r❡❛t✉r❡✱ ❛ ❧✐✈✐♥❣
❜❡✐♥❣✱ t❤❡ ✇♦r❧❞ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❧✐✈✐♥❣✱ ✽✳
ks.étra ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ▼❲✿ r❡❣✐♦♥✱ s♣❛❝❡✱ ❧❛♥❞❀ ❉❙✿ ❧♦❝❛❧✐t②✱ ✼✳
√
ks.ar ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ tr✐❝❦❧❡✱ t♦ ✢♦✇❀ t♦ ❞✐st✐❧❀ ❉❙✿ t♦
♦♦③❡✱ ✶✵✳
✶✸✽✽ ❱♦❝❛❜✉❧❛r②
ścut ❛❞❥✳✱ ♦♥❧② ✐♥ ❝♦♠♣✳ ghr.taścut✱ ❉❙✿ ♦♦③✐♥❣ ✇✐t❤✱ ✻✳
✖✖✲
hári ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ t❛✇♥②✱ ♣❛❧❡ ②❡❧❧♦✇✱ ❣♦❧❞❡♥❀ ❉❙✿ ❡♥❝❤❛♥t✐♥❣✱
❝❤❛r♠✐♥❣✱ ✷✵✹✳
hárita ❛❞❥✳✱ ❉❙✿ ❡♥❝❤❛♥t❡❞✱ ✼✳
agnı́ ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ ✜r❡✱ ✺✷✳
sara ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ❛❞❥✳✱ ♦♥❧② ✐♥ ❝♦♠♣✳✱ ▼❲✿ ✢♦✇✱ ✢♦✇✐♥❣✱ ✾✳
valá ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❝❛✈❡r♥✱ ❡♥❝❧♦s✉r❡✱ ✶✻✳
dhā´man ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❛❜♦❞❡✱ st❛t❡✱ ❝♦♥❞✐t✐♦♥✱ ❡st❛❜❧✐s❤❡❞ ♦r✲
❞❡r✱ ✶✹✳
dhárman ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❝✉st♦♠✱ ♣r♦♣✱❛rr❛♥❣❡♠❡♥t✱ ✾✳
dharmán ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ s✉♣♣♦rt❡r✱ ✵✳
śrútya ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❢❛♠♦✉s✱ t♦ ❜❡ ❤❡❛r❞✱ ✽✳
arus.á ❛❞❥✳✱ ❉❙✿ t❡♠♣❡r❡❞✱ t❛♠❡✱ ✽✳
avadyá ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ s❤❛♠❡❢✉❧✱ ✉♥s♣❡❛❦❛❜❧❡❀ ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ s❤❛♠❡✱ ❞✐s✲
❣r❛❝❡✱ ✼✳
✖✖
gómat ❛❞❥✳✱ ❉❙✿ r✐❝❤ ✐♥ ❝♦✇s✱ ❤❛✈✐♥❣ ❝♦✇s❀ r✐❝❤ ✇✐t❤ ❡✈♦❝❛✲
t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s✱ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s✱
❛❜♦✉♥❞✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s✱ ✹✷✳
gávya ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❝♦♥s✐st✐♥❣ ♦❢ ❝♦✇s✱ r❡❧❛t❡❞ t♦ ❝♦✇s✱ ✶✸✳
ánna ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❢♦♦❞❀ ✈✐❝t✉❛❧s✱ ✶✼✳
pakvá ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ r✐♣❡✱ ♠❛t✉r❡❞✱ ❝♦♦❦❡❞✱ ✶✶✳
paktı́ ♥♦✉♥ ❢✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❝♦♦❦✐♥❣❀ ❉❙✿ ♠❛t✉r❛t✐♦♥✱ r✐♣❡♥✐♥❣✱ ✇❤❛t
✐s ❜❡✐♥❣ ❝♦♦❦❡❞✱ ✼✳
dhā´yas ❛❞❥✳✱ ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ♥♦✉r✐s❤✐♥❣❀ ❉❙✿ s✉st❡♥❛♥❝❡✱ ✶✶✳
aváni ♥♦✉♥ ❢✳✱ ▼❲✿ str❡❛♠✱ ✼✳
dhā´rā ♥♦✉♥ ❢✳✱ ▼❲✿ str❡❛♠✱ ✼✳
❱❛r✐♦✉s ✶✸✽✾

dhā´rā ♥♦✉♥ ❢✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❜❧❛❞❡✱ ✶✳

bhúj ♥♦✉♥ ❢✳✱ ❉❙✿ ❜❡♥❞✐♥❣ ❞♦✇♥✱ ✷✳

vára ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❡♥❝❧♦s✐♥❣✱ ✷✳

apás ❛❞❥✳✱ ❉❙✿ ✢✉✐❞✱ ✷✳

jūtá ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ✐♠♣❡❧❧❡❞✱ ❞r✐✈❡♥✱ ✾✳

hitá ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ✐♠♣❡❧❧❡❞✱ ✶✳

is..tı́ ♥♦✉♥ ❢✳✱ ▼❲✿ ✐♥✈✐t❛t✐♦♥✱ ✶✳

páyas ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❥✉✐❝❡✱ ♠✐❧❦✱ ✢✉✐❞❀ ✈✐t❛❧ s♣✐r✐t✱ ✶✼✳

śukrá ❛❞❥✳✱ ❉❙✿ tr❛♥s❧✉❝❡♥t✱ tr❛♥s♣❛r❡♥t❀ ❜r✐❣❤t❧② r❛❞✐❛♥t❀

▼❲✿ r❡s♣❧❡♥❞❡♥t✱ ♣✉r❡✱ ✶✹✳

kr..sn.á ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❞❛r❦❀ ❉❙✿ ❜❧❛❝❦❡♥❡❞✱ ✾✳

raśmı́ ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❛ r❛②✱ r❡✐♥✱ ✇❤✐♣✱ ✶✸✳

dhā´tu ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ♦♥❧② ✐♥ ❝♦♠♣✳✱ ❝♦♥st✐t✉❡♥t ♣❛rt✱ ❡❧❡♠❡♥t✱ ✽✳

✖✖

girı́ ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ ♠♦✉♥t❛✐♥✱ ❤✐❧❧✱ ✷✽✳

sā´nu ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ s✉♠♠✐t✱ t♦♣✱ ❤❡❛❞✱ t♦♣ s✉r❢❛❝❡✱ ✶✶✳

ádri ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❛ r♦❝❦✱ ❛ st♦♥❡❀ ✇❤❡♥ ✐♥ ♣❧✉r❛❧✱ ✐t s♦♠❡✲

t✐♠❡s ♠❡❛♥s ✏st♦♥❡s ✉s❡❞ ❢♦r ♣r❡ss✐♥❣ ❙♦♠❛✑✱ ✸✽✳

áśman ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ r♦❝❦✱ st♦♥❡✱ ✶✹✳

bhū´mi ♥♦✉♥ ❢✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❡❛rt❤✱ ❣r♦✉♥❞✱ s♦✐❧✱ ❧❛♥❞✱ t❡rr✐t♦r②❀ ❉❙✿
❛ ❜♦❞②✱ ✶✺✳ ❙♦♠❡t✐♠❡s ✉s❡❞ ❛s ❛ s②♠❜♦❧ ♦❢ ♣❤②s✐❝❛❧
❜♦❞②✳

bhū´man ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❡❛rt❤✱ ❣r♦✉♥❞✱ ❝♦✉♥tr②✱ ✾✳

pā´rthiva ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❡❛rt❤❧②✱ t❡rr❡str✐❛❧✱ ❉❙✿ ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ❡❛rt❤❧② r❡✲
❣✐♦♥✱ ❡❛rt❤❧✐♥❣✱ ✷✶✳

ks.ám ♥♦✉♥ ❢✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❡❛rt❤✱ ❣r♦✉♥❞❀ ❉❙✿ ❧❛♥❞✱ ✶✺✳

ks.ā´ ♥♦✉♥ ❢✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❣r♦✉♥❞✱ ❡❛rt❤❀ ❉❙✿ ❜❛s✐s✱ ✶✹✳

vr..s.tı́ ♥♦✉♥ ❢✳✱ ▼❲✿ r❛✐♥✱ ✽✳

✶✸✾✵ ❱♦❝❛❜✉❧❛r②
dhánvan ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❞❡s❡rt✱ ✹✳
śarád ♥♦✉♥ ❢✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❛✉t✉♠♥✱ ②❡❛r❀ ❛❞❥✳✱ ❉❙✿ r✐♣❡♥❡❞✱ ✶✶✳
aśáni ♥♦✉♥ ❢✳✱ ▼❲✿ ✢❛s❤ ♦❢ ❧✐❣❤t♥✐♥❣✱ ✾✳
vána ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ✇♦♦❞❡♥ ❬❝✉♣❪❀ t✐♠❜❡r✱ t❤✐❝❦❡t❀ ❡❛r♥❡st
❞❡s✐r❡❀ ❛❞❥✳ ▼❲✿ ✇♦♦❞❡♥✱ ✷✺✳
kóśa ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ ✈❡ss❡❧✱ ♣❛✐❧✱ ❝❛s❦✱ ✺✳
avatá ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ❉❙✿ ❛ ✇❡❧❧✱ ❏❇✿ ❛ ✇❡❧❧✲s♣r✐♥❣✱ ✼✳
gabhı̄rá ❛❞❥✳✱ ❞❡❡♣✱ ✐♠♣❡♥❡tr❛❜❧❡✱ ♠②st❡r✐♦✉s ✼✳
drú ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ✇♦♦❞❡♥❀ ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳♥✳✱ ✇♦♦❞✱ ✸✳
vr.ks.á ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❛ tr❡❡✱ ✶✶✳
áśman ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❡❛t❡r✱ ✶✳
tanū´ ♥♦✉♥ ❢✳✱ ▼❲✿ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❛t✐♦♥✱ ❜♦❞②❀ ✉s❡❞ ❛s r❡✢❡s✐✈❡ ♣r♦✲
♥♦✉♥s✱ ✻✸✳
tvāyā´ ✐♥❞❡❝❧✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❢♦r t❤❡❡❀ ❉❙✿ ❢♦r t❤② s❛❦❡✱ ✼✳
asmā´ka ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ♦✉r✱ ✻✳
dyumánt ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ s♣❧❡♥❞✐❞✱ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t✐♥❣✱ ❜r✐❧❧✐❛♥t✱ ❧✉❝✐❞✱ ❜r✐❣❤t✱
✽✳
svaryà ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ r♦❛r✐♥❣✱ r❡s♦✉♥❞✐♥❣❀ ❉❙✿ ♠❛❞❡✲t♦✲r❡✈❡r❜❡r❛t❡✱
✼✳
vr.tá ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ s✉rr♦✉♥❞❡❞✱ ♣❡♥t ✉♣✱ ✼✳
✖✖
vı́śva ❛❞❥✳ ▼❲✿ ❡✈❡r②✱ ❛❧❧✱ ❡♥t✐r❡✱ ❛❧❧✲♣❡r✈❛❞✐♥❣✱ ❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣✱
✸✷✵✳
vı́śva ♥✳ ▼❲✿ ❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣✱ ❛❧❧✱ ✼✽✳
viśvátas ✐♥❞❡❝❧✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❡✈❡r②✇❤❡r❡✱ ✐♥ ❡✈❡r② ✇❛②✱ ❢r♦♠ ❛❧❧ s✐❞❡s✱
♦♥ ❛❧❧ s✐❞❡s✱ ✶✼✳
ásāmi ▼❲✿ ❛❞❥✳✱ ❝♦♠♣❧❡t❡✱ ✐♥❞❡❝❧✳✱ ❝♦♠♣❧❡t❡❧②❀ ❉❙✿ ❛❞❥✳✱ ♥♦t
♣r❡♠❛t✉r❡✱ ✐♥❞❡❝❧✳✱ ✐♥ ❡♥t✐r❡t②✱ ✻✳
❱❛r✐♦✉s ✶✸✾✶

vı́s.u ✐♥❞❡❝❧✳✱ ♦♥❧② ✐♥ ❝♦♠♣✳✱ ▼❲✿ ♦♥ ❜♦t❤ s✐❞❡s✱ ❜♦t❤ ✇❛②s✱

✐♥ ❜♦t❤ ❞✐r❡❝t✐♦♥s✱ ✶✵✳

sárva ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❡✈❡r②✱ ❡♥t✐r❡✱ ✇❤♦❧❡✱ ❛❧❧✱ ✶✺✳

satrā´ ✐♥❞❡❝❧✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❛❧✇❛②s❀ ❏❇✿ ✐♥ ❡✈❡r② ✇❛②✱ ✹✸✳

sádā ✐♥❞❡❝❧✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❛❧✇❛②s✱ ✸✷✳

sadha ✐♥❞❡❝❧✳✱ ♦♥❧② ✐♥ ❝♦♠♣✳ ❤❛s ❣❡♥❡r❛❧ ♠❡❛♥✐♥❣ ▼❲✿ ✏t♦✲

❣❡t❤❡r✱ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤✱ ✇✐t❤✑✱ ❜✉t ✐s tr❛♥s❧❛t❡❞ ❞❡♣❡♥❞✲
✐♥❣ ♦♥ ♦t❤❡r ♣❛rt ♦❢ t❤❡ ❝♦♠♣✉♥❞✱ ✷✻✳

sākám ✐♥❞❡❝❧✳✱ ▼❲✿ t♦❣❡t❤❡r✱ ❥♦✐♥t❧②✱ ❛t t❤❡ s❛♠❡ t✐♠❡✱ s✐♠✉❧✲

t❛♥❡♦✉s❧②❀ ❉❙✿ ♦✈❡r❛❧❧✱ ✷✸✳

śáśvat ✐♥❞❡❝❧✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❛❣❛✐♥ ❛♥❞ ❛❣❛✐♥✱ t✐♠❡ ❛♥❞ ❛❣❛✐♥❀ ❛❞❥✳✱
♥✉♠❡r♦✉s❀ ❡♥❞❧❡ss✱ ✷✵✳

tán ♥♦✉♥ ❢✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❝♦♥t✐♥✉❛t✐♦♥✱ ♦✛s♣r✐♥❣s❀ ✐♥ ✐♥str✳ ✏♦♥❡

❛❢t❡r ❛♥♦t❤❡r✑✱ ✻✳

purú ❛❞❥✳ ♠✳♥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ♠❛♥②✱ ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥t❀ ❉❙✿ ♥✉♠❡r♦✉s✱ ♠✉❧✲

t✐♣❧❡❀ ❛❞✈✳ ♦❢t❡♥✱ ♠✉❝❤✱ ✈❡r②❀ ❉❙✿ ❢✉❧❧②✱ ❤✐❣❤❧②✱ ❢r❡✲
q✉❡♥t❧②✱ ❜r✐❣❤t❧②✱ ❧✐❜❡r❛❧❧②✱ ✷✵✵✳

purutrā´ ✐♥❞❡❝❧✳✱ ▼❲✿ ✐♥ ♠❛♥② ♣❧❛❝❡s✱ ✐♥ ♠❛♥② ✇❛②s✱ ✼✳

purutáma ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❜❡st ❛♠♦♥❣ ♠❛♥②✱ ♠♦st ❢r❡q✉❡♥t✱ ✾✳

pūrv´ı̄ ❛❞❥✳ ❢✳✱ ▼❲✿ ♠❛♥②✱ ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥t❀ ❉❙✿ ♥✉♠❡r♦✉s✱ ♠✉❧t✐♣❧❡✱

♣❧❡♥t✐❢✉❧✱ ✹✻✳

bhū´ri ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ♠❛♥②✱ ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥t✱ ❢r❡q✉❡♥t✱ ♥✉♠❡r♦✉s❀ ❛❞✈✳

♠✉❝❤✱ r❡♣❡❛t❡❞❧②✱ ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥t❧②✱ ♦❢t❡♥❀ ❉❙✿ r✐❝❤❧②❀ ♥♦✉♥
♥✳ ♠✉❧t✐t✉❞❡✱ ❛ ❧♦t❀ ❛❞❥✳✱ ♣❧❡♥t✐❢✉❧✱ ✺✽✳

bhū´yas ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ♠♦r❡ ♥✉♠❡r♦✉s✱ ❜❡❝♦♠✐♥❣ ♠♦r❡ ❛♥❞ ♠♦r❡✱

❜❡❝♦♠✐♥❣❀ ❣r❡❛t❡r❀ ✐♥❞❡❝❧✳✱ ❡✈❡♥ ♠♦r❡✱ ♠♦r❡✱ ✶✷✳

bahú ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ♠❛♥②✱ ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥t✱ ♥✉♠❡r♦✉s✱ ✼✳

dabhrá ❛❞❥✳✱ ❉❙✿ ❢❡✇✱ s❝❛r❝❡❀ ▼❲✿ s♠❛❧❧✱ ✼✳

br.hát ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ✈❛st✱ ♠✐❣❤t②✱ ❣r❡❛t✱ ❤✐❣❤✱ ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥t✱ ❛♠♣❧❡✱

❡①t❡♥❞❡❞✱ str♦♥❣✱ ♠❛ss②✱ ❧♦❢t②✱ t❛❧❧❀ ❜r✐❣❤t❀ ❧♦✉❞✱ ✐♥❞❡❝❧✳
❢❛r✱ ❤✐❣❤✱ ♦♥ ❤✐❣❤✱ ❛❧♦✉❞✱ ❣r❡❛t❧②✱ ✜r♠❧②✱ ❉❙✿ ❛❧♦❢t✱ ❡①✲
♣❛♥s✐✈❡✱ ✇✐❞❡✱ ✽✺✳
✶✸✾✷ ❱♦❝❛❜✉❧❛r②
br.hátı̄ ❛❞❥✳❢✳✱ ✈❛st✱ ♠✐❣❤t②❀ ❉❙✿ ❡①t❡♥s✐✈❡✱ ✇✐❞❡✲r❛♥❣✐♥❣❀ ♣♦✲
t❡♥t✱ ✶✵✳
pr.thú ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❡①t❡♥s✐✈❡✱ ❜r♦❛❞✱ ✇✐❞❡✱ s♣❛❝✐♦✉s✱ ❛♠♣❧❡❀ ❛❞✈✳
✇✐❞❡✱ ✇✐❞❡❧②❀ ❉❙✿ s♣r❡❛❞✐♥❣✱ ✶✹✳
jráyas ▼❲✿ ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ❡①♣❛♥s❡✱ s♣❛❝❡❀ ❉❙✿ ❡①♣❛♥s✐♦♥❀ ❛❞❥✳✱ ❡①✲
t❡♥❞❡❞✱ ❡①t❡♥❞✐♥❣❀ ✶✶✳
vyácas ▼❲✿ ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ❡①♣❛♥s❡✱ ✇✐❞❡ s♣❛❝❡❀ ❉❙✿ ❛❞❥✳✱ ❡♥❝♦♠✲
♣❛ss✐♥❣✱ ✾✳
majmán ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ✐♥str✳ ❣❡♥❡r❛❧❧②✱ ❉❙✿ ❛t ❛❧❧❀ ♠❛❥❡st✐❝❛❧❧②✱
✶✶✳
mahá ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ♠✐❣❤t②✱ ❣r❡❛t✱ ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥t✱ ✷✵✳
mahát ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❣r❡❛t✱ ❧❛r❣❡✱ ❛♠♣❧❡✱ ✈✐♦❧❡♥t✱ ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥t✱ ❡①✲
t❡♥s✐✈❡❀ ❉❙✿ ♠✐❣❤t②✱ ♣♦✇❡r❢✉❧✱ ❡①❛❧t✐♥❣✱ ✽✾✳
mahā´nt ❛❞❥✳✱ ❉❙✿ ♠✐❣❤t②✱ ❣r❡❛t✱ ✈✐♦❧❡♥t✱ ❧♦♥❣✱ ✶✶✳
mahán ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥❝❡✱ ♠✐❣❤t❀ ✐♥str✳ ❣r❡❛t❧②✱ ♠✐❣❤t✲
✐❧②❀ ❉❙✿ ❡①❝❡ss✐✈❡♥❡ss✱ ✶✹✳
mahis.á ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳♥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❛ ❜✉✛❛❧♦❀ ❉❙✿ ♠✉❧t✐t✉❞❡❀ ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿
♣♦✇❡r❢✉❧✱ ❉❙✿ ♠✐❣❤t②✱ ✶✶✳
mahás ✐♥❞❡❝❧✳ ▼❲✿ ❣❧❛❞❧②❀ s✇✐❢t❧②❀ ❉❙✿ q✉✐❝❦❧②❀ ❣r❡❛t❧②✱ ✶✽✳
máhi ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❣r❡❛t❀ ❛❞✈✳ ❣r❡❛t❧②❀ ❉❙✿ ♠✐❣❤t②✱ ❡①t❡♥s✐✈❡✱
❛♠♣❧❡✱ ♣♦✇❡r❢✉❧❀ ❛❞✈✳ ❣r❡❛t❧②✱ ✐♥t❡♥s❡❧②✱ ✈❡r② ♠✉❝❤✱
❤✐❣❤❧②✱ ❡①t❡♥s✐✈❡❧②✱ ✹✽✳
mah´ı̄ ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ♠✐❣❤t②✱ ♣♦✇❡r❢✉❧✱ ❣r❡❛t❀ ❉❙✿ ♣♦t❡♥t✱ ✢♦♦❞✐♥❣
✭r✐✈❡r✮✱ ❝♦♣✐✉♦s✱ ✹✹✳
tuvi ❛❞✈✳✱ ♦♥❧② ✐♥ ❝♦♠♣✳✱ ▼❲✿ ♠✉❝❤✱ ♠❛♥②✱ ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥t✱
❣r❡❛t❀ ❉❙✿ ♦❢t❡♥✱ str♦♥❣❧②✱ ♣♦✇❡r❢✉❧❧②✱ ✈❡r②✱ ✺✺✳
áram ✐♥❞❡❝❧✱ ▼❲✿ ❡♥♦✉❣❤✱ s✉✐t❛❜❧②✱ r❡❛❞✐❧②✱ ✜t❧②✱ ✜tt✐♥❣❧②✱
✷✻✳
urú ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳ s♣❛❝❡✱ ✇✐❞❡ s♣❛❝❡✱ ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ✇✐❞❡✱ s♣❛❝✐♦✉s✱
❜r♦❛❞✱ ❛♠♣❧❡✱ ❡①❝❡ss✐✈❡✱ ❢❛r✲r❛♥❣✐♥❣❀ ✐♥❞❡❝❧✳ ✇✐❞❡❧②✱ ✻✹✳
ūrvá ❛❞❥✳✱ ❡①❝❡ss✐✈❡✱ ✇✐❞❡✱ ❡①t❡♥s✐✈❡✱ ✶✵✳
❱❛r✐♦✉s ✶✸✾✸

urv´ı̄ ❛❞❥✳✱ ❢✳✱ ❡①❝❡ss✐✈❡✱ ✇✐❞❡✱ ❧❛r❣❡❀ ♥♦✉♥ ❢✳✱ s♣❛❝❡✱ ✶✵✳
antár ❛❞✈✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❜❡t✇❡❡♥✱ ✐♥ t❤❡ ♠✐❞❞❧❡ ♦❢✱ ✇✐t❤✐♥✱❛♠♦♥❣st❀
❉❙✿ ✐♥❞❡❝❧✳ ✐♥s✐❞❡✱ ♠✐❞st✱ ✐♥✱ ✐♥✲❜❡t✇❡❡♥❀ ❛❞❥✳✱ ♠✐❞❞❧❡✱
✐♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡✱ ✺✽✳
ánta ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ ♥❡❛r ❜②✱ ✐♥s✐❞❡✱ ❧✐♠✐t✱ ❜♦r❞❡r✱ ❜♦✉♥❞❛r②✱
❡♥❞✱ ✶✻✳
mádhya ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ♠✐❞❞❧❡✱ ♠✐❞st✱ ♠✐❞❞❧❡❀ ❛❞❥✳✱ ♠♦❞❡r❛t❡✱
✐♠♣❛rt✐❛❧✱ ✶✸✳
púnar ✐♥❞❡❝❧✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❜❛❝❦✱ ❛✇❛②✱ ✶✵✳
paścāt ✐♥❞❡❝❧✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ❜❛❝❦✱ ❢r♦♠ ❜❡❤✐♥❞✱ ❜❡❤✐♥❞❀ ❢r♦♠
t❤❡ ✇❡st✱ ✽✳
adharā´t ✐♥❞❡❝❧✳✱ ❏❇✿ ❢r♦♠ ❜❡❧♦✇✱ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ s♦✉t❤✱ ✼✳
purástāt ✐♥❞❡❝❧✳✱ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ❢r♦♥t✱ ✐♥ ❢r♦♥t✱ ❜❡❢♦r❡✱ ✼✳
añc ❛❞❥✳✱ ♦♥❧② ✐♥ ❝♦♠♣✳✱ ▼❲✿ t✉r♥❡❞ t♦✱ ✾✳
sácā ✐♥❞❡❝❧✳✱ ▼❲✿ ✐♥ t❤❡ ♣r❡s❡♥❝❡ ♦❢✱ ❛t✱ ❛t ❤❛♥❞✱ ♥❡❛r✱ t♦✲
❣❡t❤❡r✱ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤✱ ✐♥❀ ❉❙✿ ❜② ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥②✐♥❣✱ ✹✹✳
arvā´c ❛❞❥✳✱ ✐♥❞❡❝❧✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❝♦♠✐♥❣ ❤✐t❤❡r✇❛r❞✱ ❝♦♠✐♥❣ ❤✐t❤❡r✱
t✉r♥❡❞ ❤✐t❤❡r✇❛r❞✱ ✷✶✳
arvā´k ✐♥❞❡❝❧✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❤✐t❤❡r❀ ❢r♦♠ ❛ ❝❡rt❛✐♥ ♣♦✐♥t❀ ❉❙✿ ✐♥ t❤✐s
r❡s♣❡❝t✱ ✶✺✳
arvācı̄ná ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ t✉r♥❡❞ t♦✇❛r❞s✱ ❢❛✈♦✉r✐♥❣❀ ❉❙✿ t✉r♥❡❞ ❤✐t❤❡✲
✇❛r❞s✱ ✾✳

.ŕdhak ✐♥❞❡❝❧✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❛♣❛rt✱ s✐♥❣❧②✱ ✷✳

ānus.ák ✐♥❞❡❝❧✳✱ ▼❲✿ ♦♥❡✲❛❢t❡r✲❛♥♦t❤❡r✱ ✉♥✐♥t❡rr✉♣t❡❞❧②❀ ❉❙✿
✇✐t❤♦✉t ❛♥ ✐♥t❡rr✉♣t✐♦♥✱ ❝♦♥t✐♥✉❛❧❧②✱ t✐♠❡ ❛❢t❡r t✐♠❡✱
✽✳
purás ✐♥❞❡❝❧✳✱ ▼❲✿ ✐♥ t❤❡ ♣r❡s❡♥❝❡ ♦❢✱ ✐♥ ❢r♦♥t✱ ✜rst ♦❢ ❛❧❧✱ ✐♥
❛❞✈❛♥❝❡✱ ❜❡❢♦r❡✱ ✐♥ t❤❡ ❡❛st❀ ❉❙✿ t♦ t❤❡ ❢♦r❡❀ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡
❢r♦♥t❀ ❛❞❥✳✱ s✉♣❡r✐♦r✱ ✸✶✳
purā´ ✐♥❞❡❝❧✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❜❡❢♦r❡✱ ♦❢ ♦❧❞❀ ❉❙✿ ✉♣ t✐❧❧ ♥♦✇✱ ✐♥ ♦❧❞
t✐♠❡s✱ ❧♦♥❣ ❛❣♦❀ ♣r✐♦r t♦✱ ✷✽✳
✶✸✾✹ ❱♦❝❛❜✉❧❛r②
sána ✐♥❞❡❝❧✳✱ ❉❙✿ ❧♦♥❣ ❛❣♦✱ ❢r♦♠ ❛♥❝✐❡♥t t✐♠❡s❀ ▼❲✿ ❛❞❥✳✱
♦❧❞✱ ❛♥❝✐❡♥t✱ ✼✳
pū´rva ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ✐♥✐t✐❛❧❀ ❛♥❝✐❡♥t❀ ❢♦r♠❡r✱ ❜❡❤✐♥❞✱ ♣r❡✈✐♦✉s✱
♣❛st✱ ❜❡❢♦r❡❀ ❜❡✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❢r♦♥t✱ ✸✵✳
pū´rvya ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❢♦r♠❡r✱ ♣r❡✈✐♦✉s✱ ❛♥❝✐❡♥t❀ ✜rst❀ ♣r✐♥❝✐♣❛❧❀
❉❙✿ ♣r✐♦r❀ ♣❡❡r❧❡ss✱ ✷✵✳
pratná ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❢♦r♠❡r✱ ❛♥❝✐❡♥t✱ ♣r❡❝❡❡❞✐♥❣❀ ❉❙✿ ♣r✐♠♦r❞✐❛❧❀
♣r✐♦r✱ ✷✵✳
prathamá ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ♣r✐♠❛r②✱ ✐♥✐t✐❛❧✱ ❡❛r❧✐❡st✱ ✜rst✱ ♦r✐❣✐♥❛❧✱ ♣r✐✲
♠❛❧✱❢♦r❡♠♦st✱ ♣r❡❝❡❞✐♥❣✱ ♣r✐♦r✱ ♣r✐♥❝✐♣❛❧✱ ✸✵✳
prathamám ✐♥❞❡❝❧✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❛t ✜rst✱ ✜rst❧②❀ ❉❙✿ ✜rst✱ ✜rst ♦❢ ❛❧❧✱ ✐♥✐✲
t✐❛❧❧②✱ ✶✶✳
upamá ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❜❡st✱ ♠♦st ❡①❝❡❧❧❡♥t✱ ❤✐❣❤❡st✱ ♥❡❛r❡st✱ ✶✸✳
úpara ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ s✐t✉❛t❡❞ ❜❡❧♦✇✱ ❧♦✇❡r❀ ♥❡❛r❡r✱ ❝❧♦s❡✱ ✽✳
náva ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ♥❡✇✱ ❢r❡s❤✱ ✻✳
návı̄yas ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ♥❡✇✱ r❡❝❡♥t✱ ♥❡✇❡st❀ ❛❞✈✳ ❛♥❡✇✱ ✾✳
návya ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ♥❡✇❀ ❉❙✿ ❢r❡s❤✱ ♥♦✈❡❧✱ r❡❝❡♥t❀ ♥♦✈✐❝❡✱ ✷✷✳
návyas ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ♥❡✇❀ ✐♥❞❡❝❧✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❛♥❡✇❀ ❉❙✿ ❛❣❛✐♥✱ ✼✳
ágra ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ t❤❡ t✐♣✱ t❤❡ ❢r♦♥t✱ t❤❡ ❜❡❣✐♥♥✐♥❣✱ t❤❡
s✉r❢❛❝❡❀ ❛❤❡❛❞✱ ❢♦r❡♠♦st❀ ❉❙✿ ♣r❡❝❡❞✐♥❣✱ ♣r♦♠✐♥❡♥t✱ ✶✽✳
dáks.in.a ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ r✐❣❤t✱ ✾✳
dı̄rghá ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❧♦♥❣✱ ❞❡❡♣✱ ✶✷✳
svá ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ♦✇♥✱ ♦♥❡✬s ♦✇♥✱ ✺✾✳
svayám ✐♥❞❡❝❧✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❜② ❤✐♠s❡❧❢✱ ♦♥ ❤✐✇ ♦✇♥✱ ♦♥ ✐ts ♦✇♥✱ ❜②
❤❡rs❡❧❢✱ t❤❡♠s❡❧✈❡s✱ ❜② t❤②s❡❧❢✱ ✾✳
anyá ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ♦t❤❡r✱ ♦t❤❡r t❤❛♥✱ ❛♥♦t❤❡r❀ ❉❙✿ s♦♠❡♦♥❡ ❡❧s❡✱
✼✶✳
anyát ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❛♥♦t❤❡r✱ ♦t❤❡r❀ ❉❙✿ s♦♠❡t❤✐♥❣ ❡❧s❡✱ ❞✐✛❡r❡♥t✱
✶✻✳
anyaká ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ♦t❤❡r✱ ✶✽✳
❱❛r✐♦✉s ✶✸✾✺
✖✖
áhan ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❞❛②✱ ✶✾✳
áhar ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❞❛②✱ ✶✷✳
prātár ✐♥❞❡❝❧✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❛t ❞❛②✲❜r❡❛❦✱ ✶✵✳
mā´dhyam. dina ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ♠✐❞❞❛②✱ ✶✷✳
prapitvá ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ▼❲✿ st❛rt ♦❢ t❤❡ ❞❛②✱ ❡✈❡♥✐♥❣❀ ❤❛st❡✱ ✢✐❣❤t✱ ✾✳

vástu ♥♦✉♥ ❢✳✱ ▼❲✿ ♠♦r♥✐♥❣✱ ✼✳

dı́va ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❞❛②✱ s❦②✱ ❤❡❛✈❡♥✱ ✸✽✳
divā ✐♥❞❡❝❧✳✱ ♦♥❧② ✐♥ ❝♦♠♣✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❜②✲❞❛②✱ ✶✺✳
adyá ✐♥❞❡❝❧✳✱ ▼❲✿ ♥♦✇❛❞❛②s✱ t♦❞❛②✱ ♥♦✇✱ ✸✼✳
śvás ✐♥❞❡❝❧✳✱ ▼❲✿ t♦♠♦rr♦✇✱ ✹✳
sadyás ✐♥❞❡❝❧✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❛t ♦♥❝❡✱ ✐♥ t❤❡ ✈❡r② ♠♦♠❡♥t❀ ❡✈❡r② ❞❛②❀
❏❇✿ ✐♥ ❛♥ ✐♥st❛♥t❀ ✐♥ ❛ ❞❛②❀ ❉❙✿ ❛t t❤❡ ✈❡r② ♠♦♠❡♥t✱
✸✸✳
nūńam ✐♥❞❡❝❧✳✱ ▼❲✿ ♥♦✇✱ ♥♦✇ t❤❡♥✱ t❤❡r❡❢♦r❡✱ ❛t ♣r❡s❡♥t❀ ❛s✲
s✉r❡❞❧②❀ ❉❙✿ ♥♦✇❛❞❛②s✱ ✹✸✳
nū´tana ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ r❡❝❡♥t✱ ♦❢ ♣r❡s❡♥t ❞❛②✱♠♦❞❡r♥❀ ♣r❡s❡♥t✱ ♥❡✇❀
❉❙✿ ♥♦✈✐❝❡✱ ✶✹✳
sanā´t ✐♥❞❡❝❧✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❢r♦♠ ♦❢ ♦❧❞✱ ❛❧✇❛②s✱ ❢♦r❡✈❡r✱ ✶✷✳
pradı́vas ✐♥❞❡❝❧✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❢r♦♠ ♦❢ ♦❧❞✱ ❧♦♥❣ ❛❣♦✱ ❛s ♦❢ ♦❧❞✱ ❛❧✇❛②s✱ ✽✳

ūrdhvá ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❡❧❡✈❛t❡❞✱ ✉♣r✐❣❤t✱ ✉♣♣❡r❀ t❡♥❞✐♥❣ ✉♣✇❛r❞s✱

✼✳
pará ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❡①tr❡♠❡✱ ✉❧t✐♠❛t❡❀ ❡①❝❡❡❞✐♥❣✱ r❡♠♦t❡✱ ✺✳
apará ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ♥♦♥✲❡①tr❡♠❡✱ ②♦✉♥❣❡st✱ ✷✳
pára ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❤✐❣❤❡r✱ s✉♣❡r✐♦r❀ ❞✐st❛♥t✱ ♣❛st✱ ♣r❡✈✐♦✉s✱
♣r✐♦r✱ ✼✳
ávara ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ✐♥❢❡r✐♦r✱ ❧❛t❡r❀ ❉❙✿ ❧♦✇❡r✱ ♣r❡s❡♥t✱ ✼✳
ápara ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❜❡✐♥❣ ✐♥ t❤❡ r❡❛r✱ ❢♦❧❧♦✇✐♥❣✱ ❧❛tt❡r✱ ✻✳
✶✸✾✻ ❱♦❝❛❜✉❧❛r②
paramá ❛❞❥✳✱ ❉❙✿ ✉❧t✐♠❛t❡❀ ▼❲✿ t❤❡ ♠♦st ♣r♦♠✐♥❡♥t✱ ♣r✐♠❛r②✱
r❡♠♦t❡st✱ ✶✵✳
úttará ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ s✉♣❡r✐♦r❀ s✉❜s❡q✉❡♥t✱ ✼✳
ádhara ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ✐♥❢❡r✐♦r❀ t❡♥❞✐♥❣ ❞♦✇♥✇❛r❞s✱ ✻✳
párā ✐♥❞❡❝❧✳ ▼❲✿ ❛✇❛②✱ ❛s✐❞❡✱ ♦✛❀ ❉❙✿ ❢❛r ❛✇❛②✱ ✉❧t✐♠❛t❡❧②✱
✐♥ t❤❡ ❢✉t✉r❡✱ ✷✼✳
parāvát ♥♦✉♥ ❢✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❞✐st❛♥❝❡❀ ❉❙✿ ✐♥ ❧♦❝✳ ❢❛r ❛✇❛②✱ ❢❛r✲❛♥❞✲
✇✐❞❡❀ ✐♥ ❛❜❧✳ ❢r♦♠ ❛❢❛r❀ ❛❞❥✳✱ ❞✐st❛♥t✱ ✷✼✳
pārá ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ▼❲✿ t❤❡ ♦t❤❡r s✐❞❡✱ t❤❡ ♦♣♣♦s✐t❡ s✐❞❡✱ t❤❡
❡①tr❡♠❡ s❤♦r❡✱ ✉t♠♦st r❡❛❝❤✱ ✶✶✳
āré ❛❞✈✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❢❛r✱ ❢❛r ❛✇❛②✱ ✶✸✳
arvāvát ♥♦✉♥ ❢✳✱ ▼❲✿ ♣r♦①✐♠✐t② ✭❜❡✐♥❣ ♥❡❛r✮✱ ✾✳
ārā´t ✐♥❞❡❝❧✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❢r♦♠ ❛❢❛r✱ ❢r♦♠ ❛ ❞✐st❛♥t ♣❧❛❝❡❀ ❉❙✿ ❢❛r
❛✇❛②✱ ❢r♦♠ ❛ ❞✐st❛♥❝❡✱ ✽✳
dūrā´t ✐♥❞❡❝❧✳✱ ❏❇✿ ❢r♦♠ ❛❢❛r❀ ❉❙✿ ❢❛rt❤❡st ❛✇❛②✱ ✼✳
abhı́tas ✐♥❞❡❝❧✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❡✈❡r②✇❤❡r❡❀ ♦♥ ❜♦t❤ s✐❞❡s❀ ✐♥ t❤❡ ♣r❡s❡♥❝❡
♦❢❀ ❉❙✿ ✐♥ ❡✈❡r② ✇❛②✱ ✽✳
sama ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❡✈❡r②✱ ❛♥②❀ s✐♠✐❧❛r✱ ❡q✉❛❧✱ r❡❣✉❧❛r❀ ❉❙✿ ❜❛❧✲
❛♥❝❡❞✱ ✶✼✳
samāná ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ s❛♠❡✱ s✐♠✐❧❛r✱ ❡q✉❛❧✱ ❤♦❧❞✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♠✐❞❞❧❡ ❜❡✲
t✇❡❡♥ t✇♦ ❡①tr❡♠❡s✱ ✶✼✳
árdha ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳✱ ▼❲✿ s✐❞❡✱ ✸✳
ardhá ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳♥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❤❛❧❢❀ ❡q✉❛❧ s❤❛r❡❀ ❉❙✿ s✐❞❡❀ ❛❞❥✳✱ s❡♠✐✲✱
✽✳
satyá ❛❞❥✳✱ ❣❡♥✉✐♥❡✱ r❡❛❧✱ r❡❛❧✐③❡❞✱ ❛❝t✉❛❧✱ tr✉❡❀ ♥♦✉♥✱ ♥✳ t❤❡
tr✉t❤✱ ✇❤❛t✬s t♦ ❜❡✴❜❡❝♦♠❡ r❡❛❧✱ ✻✼✳ ■t ✐s ❛ ②❡t ♥♦t✲
❢✉❧❧② ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❡❞ ♦r ❤✐❞❞❡♥ ❞②♥❛♠✐❝ t❤❛t ✇✐❧❧ r❡s♦❧✈❡ ❛
❧✐♠✐♥❛❧ st❛t❡✳
sát ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ r❡❛❧✱ ♣r❡s❡♥t❀ ♥♦✉♥ ♥✳✱ ❉❙✿ r❡❛❧✐t②✱ ✇❤❛t ✐s
r❡❛❧✱ ✹✷✳
tmánā ✐♥❞❡❝❧✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❛t ❧❡❛st❀ r❡❛❧❧②✱ ✐♥❞❡❡❞✱ ✶✽✳
❱❛r✐♦✉s ✶✸✾✼

dvitā´ ✐♥❞❡❝❧✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❝❡rt❛✐♥❧②✱ ❡s♣❡❝✐❛❧❧②✱ ❜② ❛❧❧ ♠❡❛♥s✱ ✶✹✳

barhán.ā ✐♥❞❡❝❧✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❝❡rt❛✐♥❧②❀ ❉❙✿ ❞❡✜♥✐t❡❧②❀ ❛❞❥✳✱ ❢✳✱ ♣✉❧❧✐♥❣✲

♦✉t✱ ✽✳

ı́ti ✐♥❞❡❝❧✳✱ ▼❲✿ ✐♥ t❤✐s ♠❛♥♥❡r✱ t❤✉s✱ ✶✾✳

✖✖

✖✖

éka ♥✉♠❡r❛❧✱ ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ♦♥❡❀ s✐♥❣❧❡✱ ❛❧♦♥❡✱ t❤❡ ♦♥❧②❀ ❉❙✿
s♦❧❡✱ ♣r❡❡♠✐♥❡♥t✱ ✽✻✳

dvı́ ♥✉♠❡r❛❧✱ ▼❲✿ t✇♦✱ ✻✳

ubhá ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❜♦t❤✱ ✸✺✳

ubháya ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❜♦t❤✱ ♦♥ ❜♦t❤ s✐❞❡s✱ ♦❢ ❜♦t❤ ❦✐♥❞s✱ ❞♦✉❜❧❡✱

✶✹✳

trı́ ♥✉♠❡r❛❧✱ ▼❲✿ t❤r❡❡✱ ✸✼✳

trı́s ✐♥❞❡❝❧✳✱ ▼❲✿ t❤r✐❝❡✱ ✼✳

catúr ♥✉♠❡r❛❧✱ ▼❲✿ ❢♦✉r✱ ✶✹✳

páñca ♥✉♠❡r❛❧✱ ▼❲✿ ✜✈❡✱ ✶✽✳

.sas. ♥✉♠❡r❛❧✱ ▼❲✿ s✐①✱ ✺✳

.sas.tı́ ♥✉♠❡r❛❧✱ ▼❲✿ s✐①t②✱ ✺✳

saptá ♥✉♠❡r❛❧✱ ▼❲✿ s❡✈❡♥✱ ✹✶✳

náva ♥✉♠❡r❛❧✱ ▼❲✿ ♥✐♥❡✱ ✶✼✳

navatı́ ♥✉♠❡r❛❧✱ ▼❲✿ ♥✐♥❡t②✱ ✶✼✳

dáśa ♥✉♠❡r❛❧✱ ▼❲✿ t❡♥✱ ✸✻✳

śatá ♥✉♠❡r❛❧✱ ▼❲✿ ❤✉♥❞r❡❞✑✱ ✶✹✸✳

sahásra ♥✉♠❡r❛❧✱ ▼❲✿ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞✱ ✾✺✳

✶✸✾✽ ❱♦❝❛❜✉❧❛r②
❱❛r✐♦✉s ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦ts ❛♥❞ t❤❡✐r ♥♦✲❛✣① ❞❡r✐✈❛t✐✈❡s
√
kr. ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ♠❛❦❡✱ t♦ ❝r❡❛t❡✱ t♦ ❡✛❡❝t✱ t♦ ♣r♦✲
❞✉❝❡✱ t♦ ♣❡r❢♦r♠✱ t♦ ❝❛✉s❡✱ ✸✾✵✳

√
as ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ ✏t♦ ❜❡✑✱ ✹✹✶✳

√
bhū ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ❜❡❝♦♠❡✱ t♦ ❜❡✱ t♦ ❝♦♠❡ ✐♥t♦ ❜❡✐♥❣✱
t♦ ❝♦♠❡ t♦ ❜❡✱ t♦ t✉r♥ ♦✉t✱ t♦ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❡❞✱ t♦
❛r✐s❡✱ t♦ ❛ss✉♠❡ ✭❛ ❢♦r♠✮✱ t♦ ❞❡✈♦t❡ ♦♥❡s❡❧❢ t♦❀ ✇✐t❤
pari✲ t♦ ❛tt❡♥❞ t♦✱ t♦ ❡♥❝♦♠♣❛ss✱ t♦ ❝♦♥t❛✐♥❀ ✇✐t❤ abhi✲
t♦ ♦✈❡r❝♦♠❡✱ t♦ ♣r❡❞♦♠✐♥❛t❡❀ ✇✐t❤ anu✲ t♦ ✉♥❞❡rst❛♥❞✱
t♦ ❡①♣❡r✐❡♥❝❡❀ ✇✐t❤ ā✲ t♦ ❜❡ ♣r❡s❡♥t✱ t♦ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ♣r❡s❡♥t✱
t♦ ❛ss✐st❀ ✇✐t❤ vi✲ t♦ ♣❡r✈❛❞❡✱ ✷✺✾✳

√
han ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ str✐❦❡❀ t♦ s❧❛②✱ t♦ ❦✐❧❧✱ t♦ ❞❡str♦②✱ t♦
❜r❡❛❦✱ t♦ ❤✐t✱ t♦ ❤✉r❧✱ t♦ ❦♥♦❝❦❀ t♦ ✇❛r❞ ♦✛✱ t♦ ❛✈❡rt✱ t♦
❞✐s♣❡❧✱ t♦ r❡♣r❡ss✱ t♦ ❛ss❛✐❧❀ ❉❙✿ t♦ s♠❛s❤✱ t♦ s❤♦♦t✱ t♦
t❤✉♠♣✱ t♦ ❞✐s♣❡rs❡✱ t♦ r❡♠♦✈❡✱ t♦ ❡①t✐♥❣✉✐s❤✱ t♦ t❤r♦✇
❞♦✇♥✱ t♦ ❢❡♥❞ ♦✛✱ t♦ ❞r✐✈❡ ❛✇❛②✱ t♦ ♣✉r❣❡✱ t♦ r❡♣❡❧✱ t♦
❤✐♥❞❡r✱ t♦ ✜①❀ t♦ s✉❜❞✉❡❀ t♦ s❤❛tt❡r✱ ✷✹✽✳

han ✭♦r hā✮ ❛❞❥✳✱ ♦♥❧② ✐♥ ❝♦♠♣✳✱ ❉❙✿ s❧❛②✐♥❣✱ s❧❛②❡r❀ ❞❡str♦②✲
✐♥❣✱ ❞❡str♦②❡r❀ ❛✈❡rt✐♥❣✱ ❞✐s♣❡rs✐♥❣✱ ✶✷✶✳

√
pā ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ❞r✐♥❦✱ t♦ ❛❜s♦r❜✱ t♦ ✐♠❜✐❜❡✱ t♦
❞r❛✇ ✐♥✱ t♦ q✉❛✛✱ t♦ ❤❛✈❡ ❛ ❞r✐♥❦✱ t♦ s✐♣✱ ✷✷✵✳

pā ❛❞❥✳✱ ♦♥❧② ✐♥ ❝♦♠♣✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❞r✐♥❦✐♥❣❀ ❞r✐♥❦❡r✱ ✸✾✳

√
pā ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ♣r♦t❡❝t✱ t♦ ❛tt❡♥❞ t♦✱ t♦ ✇❛t❝❤
♦✈❡r✱ ✹✹✳

pā ❛❞❥✳✱ ♦♥❧② ✐♥ ❝♦♠♣✳✱ ▼❲✿ ♣r♦t❡❝t✐♥❣❀ ♣r♦t❡❝t♦r✱ ❦❡❡♣❡r✱

✷✶✳

√
dhā ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ♣✉t✱ t♦ ♣❧❛❝❡✱ t♦ ♣♦s✐t✐♦♥✱ t♦ s❡t✱ t♦
s❡t ✉♣❀ t♦ ✜①✱ t♦ ❡st❛❜❧✐s❤❀ t♦ ❡✛❡❝t✱ t♦ ❝❛✉s❡✱ t♦ ❝r❡❛t❡✱
t♦ r❡♥❞❡r❀ t♦ ✐♥✢✐❝t✱ t♦ ✐♥st✐❧❧✱ t♦ ✐♠♣r✐♥t❀ t♦ ❤❡❧♣ t♦✱
t♦ ❜r✐♥❣✱ t♦ ❜❡st♦✇✱ t♦ ❣r❛♥t✱ t♦ ❛❧❧♦✇✱ t♦ ✐♠♣❛rt✱ t♦
♣r❡s❡♥t✱ t♦ ♠❛❦❡ ❛tt❛✐♥❛❜❧❡❀ t♦ ❦❡❡♣❀ t♦ ♦❜t❛✐♥✱ t♦ ❛❝✲
q✉✐r❡✱ t♦ t❛❦❡✱ t♦ s❡✐③❡✱ t♦ ❝♦♥❝❡✐✈❡✱ t♦ ❛❝❝❡♣t❀ t♦ str✐✈❡
❛❢t❡r❀ ✇✐t❤ adhi✲ ā✲ t♦ r❡❝❡✐✈❡❀ ✇✐t❤ pari✲
t♦ s❤❛r❡❀ ✇✐t❤
t♦ s✉rr♦✉♥❞❀ ✇✐t❤ ni✲ t♦ ♣r❡s❡r✈❡✱ t♦ ❞❡♣♦s✐t❀ ✇✐t❤ prati✲
t♦ ❞❡s✐❣♥❛t❡❀ ✇✐t❤ apa✲ t♦ ♠♦✈❡ ❛✇❛②✱ t♦ ♣r❡✈❡♥t❀ ✇✐t❤
vi✲ t♦ s♣r❡❛❞❀ t♦ ❛♣♣♦rt✐♦♥❀ t♦ ❞✐r❡❝t ✭t❤❡ ♠✐♥❞✮❀ ✇✐t❤
❱❛r✐♦✉s ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦ts ✶✸✾✾

anu✲ t♦ ②✐❡❧❞❀ ✇✐t❤ sam✲ t♦ ❝♦♠❜✐♥❡✱ t♦ ♣✉t t♦❣❡t❤❡r✱

t♦ ❝♦♠❡ t♦❣❡t❤❡r❀ ✇✐t❤ pra✲ t♦ ♦✛❡r❀ ✇✐t❤ nis✲ t♦ ❤♦❧❞
♦✉t✱ ✷✹✷✳

dhā ❛❞❥✳✱ ♦♥❧② ✐♥ ❝♦♠♣✳✱ ▼❲✿ ♣❧❛❝✐♥❣✱ ✜①✐♥❣✱ ❣✐✈✐♥❣✱ ✶✶✳

√
i ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ❣♦✱ t♦ ♠♦✈❡✱ t♦ ✢♦✇✱ t♦ ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤❀
t♦ ❛s❦❀ t♦ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❬✐♥ s♦♠❡ st❛t❡❪✱ t♦ ❝♦♥t✐♥✉❡ ❬❞♦✐♥❣
s♦♠❡t❤✐♥❣ ♦r ❜❡✐♥❣ ✐♥ s♦♠❡ st❛t❡❪✱ t♦ r❡♠❛✐♥ ❬✐♥ s♦♠❡
st❛t❡❪✱ t♦ t❛❦❡ t♦✱ t♦ t❛❦❡ ✉♣✱ t♦ ❜❡t❛❦❡ ♦♥❡s❡❧❢ t♦✱ t♦
s❡t ♦✉t❀ t♦ ♦❝❝✉r❀ t♦ ❧❡❛❞ t♦❀ ✇✐t❤ ā✲ t♦ ❝♦♠❡✱ t♦ ❝♦♠❡
❤❡r❡❀ t♦ ♠♦✈❡ ❤❡r❡❀ ✇✐t❤ prati✲ t♦ r❡t✉r♥❀ t♦ ❛❝❝❡♣t✱ t♦
r❡❝❡✐✈❡❀ t♦ ♦♣♣♦s❡❀ ✇✐t❤ vi✲ t♦ ❞✐s♣❡rs❡✱ t♦ ❣♦ ✐♥ ❞✐✛❡r❡♥t
❞✐r❡❝t✐♦♥s❀ t♦ ❣♦ ❛♣❛rt❀ t♦ ❞❡♣❛rt❀ ✇✐t❤ abhi✲ t♦ ❝♦♠❡
♥❡❛r❀ ✇✐t❤ pra✲ t♦ ❝♦♠❡ ❢♦rt❤✱ t♦ ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤✱ t♦ ❛rr✐✈❡✱ t♦
♣r♦❝❡❡❞❀ ✇✐t❤ adhi✲ t♦ ✉♥❞❡rst❛♥❞✱ t♦ ❧❡❛r♥✱ t♦ st✉❞②❀
t♦ ❝❛r❡ ❢♦r❀ ✇✐t❤ pari✲ t♦ ❣♦ ❛❜♦✉t❀ t♦ ❣♦ ✐♥ ❝✐r❝❧❡s❀ t♦
❝✐r❝❧❡ ❛r♦✉♥❞❀ t♦ s♣❛♥❀ ✇✐t❤ ud✲ t♦ r✐s❡❀ t♦ ❝♦♠❡ ✉♣❀ t♦
❣♦ ✉♣❀ ✇✐t❤ api✲ t♦ ❡♥t❡r❀ ✇✐t❤ ati✲ t♦ ♣❛ss✱ t♦ ♣❛ss ♦✈❡r❀
✇✐t❤ upa✲ t♦ ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤❀ t♦ r❡❛❝❤❀ ✇✐t❤ anu✲ t♦ ❜❡ ❣✉✐❞❡❞✱
t♦ ❢♦❧❧♦✇❀ ✇✐t❤ sam✲ t♦ ❝♦♠❡ t♦❣❡t❤❡r❀ ✇✐t❤ apa✲ t♦ ❣♦
❛✇❛②✱ ✷✷✷✳

yu ❛❞❥✳✱ ♦♥❧② ✐♥ ❝♦♠♣✳✱ s❡❡❦✐♥❣✱ ♣✉rs✉✐♥❣❀ ❛ttr❛❝t✐♥❣❀ ♣✉r✲

s✉❡❞✱ ✶✼✷✳

√
yu ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ❉❙✿ t♦ ✇❛r❞ ♦✛✱ t♦ ❦❡❡♣ ❛✇❛②✱ t♦ ❞r✐✈❡
❛✇❛②❀ t♦ s❡♣❛r❛t❡❀ t♦ ❡①❝❧✉❞❡❀ t♦ r❡tr❡❛t✱ t♦ ❞❡♣❛rt✱ t♦
❜❡ ❛❧♦♦❢❀ ✇✐t❤ vi✲ t♦ ❞❡♣❛rt❀ t♦ ❞❡♣r✐✈❡❀ ✇✐t❤ pra✲ t♦
s❡♣❛r❛t❡ ❢r♦♠✱ ✶✽✳

√
yu ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ❞r❛✇ ✭t♦✇❛r❞s ♦♥❡✬s s❡❧❢ ✮✑✱ t♦ t❛❦❡
❤♦❧❞ ♦❢✱ t♦ t❛❦❡ ✐♥t♦ ♦♥❡✬s s❡❧❢✱ t♦ ❜✐♥❞✱ t♦ ❤❛r♥❡ss✱ t♦
✉♥✐t❡✱ t♦ ❜❡st♦✇❀ ✇✐t❤ sam✲ t♦ ✐♠♣❛rt❀ ✇✐t❤ vi✲ t♦ ❦❡❡♣
❛✇❛②✱ ✶✵✳

√
vr.dh ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥✱ t♦ ❛✉❣♠❡♥t✱ t♦ ✐♥✲
❝r❡❛s❡✱ t♦ ❣r♦✇✱ t♦ ❣r♦✇ str♦♥❣❡r✱ t♦ ♠❛❦❡ str♦♥❣❡r✱
t♦ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ str♦♥❣✱ t♦ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ str♦♥❣❡r✱ t♦ ❡❧❡✈❛t❡✱ ❉❙✿
t♦ ❣❛✐♥ str❡♥❣t❤✱ t♦ ❡①t❡♥❞ ♦♥❡✬s s❡❧❢✱ t♦ ❜❡ ❢♦rt✐✜❡❞✱
✶✼✽✳

√
yudh ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ✜❣❤t✱ t♦ ✇❛❣❡ ✇❛r✱ t♦ ♦♣♣♦s❡✱ t♦
❡♥❣❛❣❡ ✐♥ ❜❛tt❧❡✱ t♦ ♦✈❡r❝♦♠❡ ✐♥ ❛ ❜❛tt❧❡❀ ❉❙✿ t♦ ❛❝q✉✐r❡
❜② ✜❣❤t✐♥❣✱ ✹✵✳
✶✹✵✵ ❱♦❝❛❜✉❧❛r②
√
bhr. ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ❜❡❛r✱ t♦ ❜r✐♥❣✱ t♦ ❝❛rr②✱ t♦ ❝❛rr②
♦✛❀ t♦ ❢♦st❡r❀ t♦ ❦❡❡♣✱ t♦ ✇❡❛r❀ t♦ ♠❛✐♥t❛✐♥✱ t♦ ❜❛❧❛♥❝❡✱
❤♦❧❞ ✐♥ ❡q✉✐♣♦✐s❡❀ ✇✐t❤ pra✲ t♦ ♦✛❡r❀ ✇✐t❤ prati✲ t♦ ♦✛❡r❀
❉❙✿ ✇✐t❤ ni✲ t♦ ❞❡♠♦t❡✱ t♦ ❜r✐♥❣ ❞♦✇♥✱ ✶✼✷✳
√
yā ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ❥♦✉r♥❡②✱ t♦ ♠♦✈❡✱ t♦ ♠♦✈❡ ❢♦r✲
✇❛r❞s✱ t♦ ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤✱ t♦ ♣r♦❝❡❡❞✱ t♦ ❝♦♠❡❀ t♦ ❛s❦ ✭✇✐t❤
t✇♦ ❛❝❝✳✮❀ ✇✐t❤ pra✲ t♦ s❡t ♦✉t✱ t♦ ♠♦✈❡❀ t♦ ❝♦♥t✐♥✉❡ ✭❞♦✲
✐♥❣ s♦♠❡t❤✐♥❣✮❀ ✇✐t❤ pari✲ t♦ s✉rr♦✉♥❞✱ t♦ ❣♦ ❛r♦✉♥❞❀
✇✐t❤ abhi✲ t♦ ❛tt❛❝❦❀ ❉❙✿ t♦ tr❛✈❡❧❀ ✇✐t❤ ā✲ t♦ ❝♦♠❡✱ t♦
❥♦✉r♥❡② ❤❡r❡❀ t♦ ❜❡❝♦♠❡❀ ✇✐t❤ vi✲ t♦ ♣❛ss t❤r♦✉❣❤✱ t♦
tr❛✈❡rs❡❀ ✇✐t❤ ati✲ā✲ t♦ ❜②♣❛ss❀ ✇✐t❤ upa✲ t♦ st❡❡r t♦✱
✶✻✸✳
√
gam ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ s❡t ♦✉t✱ t♦ ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤✱ t♦ ❝♦♠❡✱ t♦
❣♦✱ t♦ ♠♦✈❡✱ t♦ ❛tt❛✐♥✱ t♦ ❜r✐♥❣ ✐♥t♦✱ t♦ ❢❛❧❧ ✐♥✱ t♦ ❛s❦
✭✇✐t❤ t✇♦ ❛❝❝✳✮❀ ✇✐t❤ ā✲ t♦ ❝♦♠❡✱ t♦ ♠❛❦❡ ❛♥ ❛♣♣❡❛r✲
❛♥❝❡✱ t♦ ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤✱ t♦ ❧❡❛r♥ ♦❢❀ ✇✐t❤ adhi✲ t♦ ♦✈❡rt❛❦❡❀
✇✐t❤ sam✲ t♦ ❝♦♠❡ t♦❣❡t❤❡r✱ t♦ ❝♦♠❡ ✐♥t♦ ❝♦♥t❛❝t❀ ✇✐t❤
ava✲ t♦ ❞❡s❝❡♥❞❀ ✇✐t❤ upa✲ t♦ ❛tt❛❝❦✱ t♦ ✈✐s✐t❀ ✇✐t❤ pari✲
t♦ ❣♦ ✐♥ t✉r♥ t♦❀ ✇✐t❤ anu✲ t♦ ❢♦❧❧♦✇❀ ✇✐t❤ api✲ t♦ ❥♦✐♥✱
t♦ t❛❦❡ ✭❛ ♣❛t❤✮❀ ✇✐t❤ pra✲ t♦ s❡t ❢♦rt❤✱ ✶✻✷✳
√
car ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ r♦❛♠ ❛❜♦✉t✱ t♦ ♠♦✈❡✱ t♦ ✇❛♥❞❡r✱
t♦ ❢♦❧❧♦✇✱ t♦ ❜❡❤❛✈❡✱ t♦ ❝♦♥❞✉❝t ♦♥❡✬s s❡❧❢❀ ✇✐t❤ ā✲ t♦
♣r♦❝❡❡❞❀ ✇✐t❤ vi✲ t♦ r❛♠❜❧❡✱ t♦ s♣r❡❛❞❀ ✇✐t❤ ud✲ t♦ r✐s❡❀
✇✐t❤ pra✲ t♦ ❛rr✐✈❡ ❛t❀ ✇✐t❤ anu✲ t♦ ❛tt❡♥❞ t♦❀ ❉❙✿ t♦
❞r✐❢t✱ t♦ ❝❛rr② ♦♥❀ ✇✐t❤ vi✲ t♦ ♣❛rt ✇❛②s ✇✐t❤❀ ✇✐t❤ sam✲
t♦ ❝♦♥❣r❡❣❛t❡❀ ✇✐t❤ pari✲ t♦ ❡♥❝♦♠♣❛ss✱ ✹✵✳
√
su ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ♣r❡ss✱ t♦ ♣r❡ss ♦✉t✱ t♦ ❡①tr❛❝t❀ t♦
❞✐st✐❧❧✱
❉❙✿ t♦ ❡✛✉s❡ ✐ts❡❧❢✱ ✾✸✳
√
hū ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ✇❡❛❦ ❢♦r♠ ♦❢ hve✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥✱ t♦
❝❛❧❧✱ t♦ s✉♠♠♦♥✱ t♦ ✐♥✈♦❦❡✱ ✶✸✹✳
√
hve ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ❝❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥✱ t♦ ❝❛❧❧✱ t♦ ❝❛❧❧ ✉♣✱ t♦
s✉♠♠♦♥✱ t♦ ✐♥✈♦❦❡❀ ✇✐t❤ upa✲ t♦ ✐♥✈✐t❡❀ ✇✐t❤ ā✲ t♦ ❝❤❛❧✲
❧❡♥❣❡✱ t♦ s✉♠♠♦♥❀ ✇✐t❤ vi✲ t♦ ✈✐❡ ✐♥ ❝❛❧❧✐♥❣✱ t♦ ❝❛❧❧
s❡♣❛r❛t❡❧②✱ ✹✾✳
√
av ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ❞r✐✈❡✱ t♦ ❛♥✐♠❛t❡✱ t♦ ✐♠♣❡❧❧❀ t♦
❢❛✈♦✉r✱ t♦ ♣r♦t❡❝t✱ t♦ ❧❡❛❞ t♦✱ t♦ ❡♥❝♦✉r❛❣❡❀ ✇✐t❤ pra✲
❱❛r✐♦✉s ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦ts ✶✹✵✶

t♦ ♣r♦♠♦t❡✱ t♦ ❢✉rt❤❡r✱ t♦ ❢❛✈♦✉r✱ t♦ ♣r♦t❡❝t✱ t♦ ❝♦♠❢♦rt❀

❝❛✉s✳ t♦ ❝♦♥s✉♠❡ ✭❄✮❀
❉❙✿ t♦ ❤❡❧♣✱ t♦ ❛✐❞✱ t♦ ❡♥❛❜❧❡❀ ✶✷✼✳

√
śru ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ❤❡❛r✱ t♦ ❣✐✈❡ ❡❛r t♦✱ t♦ ❧✐st❡♥✱ t♦ ♣❛②
❛tt❡♥t✐♦♥ t♦❀ t♦ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❢❛♠♦✉s❀ ✇✐t❤ pra✲ t♦ ✐♥str✉❝t❀
♣❛ss✳ ❢❛♠❡❞✱ ✶✶✾✳

√
jan ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ❆❯✿ t♦ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❡❞✱ t♦ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st s❡❧❢❀
▼❲✿ t♦ ❝♦♠❡ ✐♥t♦ ❡①✐st❡♥❝❡✱ t♦ ❜❡ ❜♦r♥✱ t♦ ❜❡❣❡t✱ t♦
♣r♦❞✉❝❡✱ t♦ ❝r❡❛t❡❀ ❉❙✿ t♦ ❤❛♣♣❡♥✱ t♦ ❡♠❡r❣❡✱ t♦ ❡♥✲
❣❡♥❞❡r❀ t♦ ❣✐✈❡ ❡①✐st❡♥❝❡✱ ✶✵✾✳
✏❜② t❤❡ ❜✐rt❤ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❣♦❞s ✐s ♠❡❛♥t ❛❧✇❛②s ✐♥ t❤❡ ❱❡❞❛ t❤❡✐r
♠❛♥✐❢❡st❛t✐♦♥✑ ❬❆✉r♦❜✐♥❞♦✱ ✶✾✾✽✱ ♣✳✼✼❪

jā ❛❞❥✳✱ ♦♥❧② ✐♥ ❝♦♠♣✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❜♦r♥❀ ❉❙✿ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❡❞✱ ♠❛♥✐✲

❢❡st✐♥❣✱ ✾✳

√
bhid ✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ s♣❧✐t ❛s✉♥❞❡r✱ t♦ ❜r❡❛❦✱ t♦ ❜r❡❛❦ ♦♣❡♥✱ t♦
❜r❡❛❦ ✉♣✱ t♦ r❡♥❞ ❛s✉♥❞❡r✱ t♦ ♣✐❡r❝❡✱ t♦ s❤❛tt❡r✱ t♦ ❞✐s✲
✐♥t❡❣r❛t❡❀ t♦ ❜✉rst❀ ✇✐t❤ ava✲ t♦ ❞✐s♣❡rs❡✱ t♦ ♣✐❡r❝❡ ♦♣❡♥❀
✇✐t❤ pra✲ t♦ s♣❧✐t ♦♣❡♥❀ ✇✐t❤ vi✲ t♦ ❝❧❡❛✈❡ ❛s✉♥❞❡r✱ t♦
s♣❧✐t✱ t♦ ❜r❡❛❦ ✐♥t♦ ♣✐❡❝❡s✱ ✹✶✳

bhid ✱ ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❜r❡❛❦✐♥❣✱ s♣❧✐tt✐♥❣❀ ❉❙✿ ❞✐s✐♥t❡❣r❛t✐♥❣✱ ✾✳

√
sthā ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ st❛♥❞✱ t♦ st❛♥❞ ❜②✱ t♦ r❡♠❛✐♥✱ t♦
st❛②❀ t♦ ❡♠♣❧♦② ✭✇✐t❤ t✇♦ ❛❝❝✳✮✱ t♦ t❛❦❡ ❛ ♣♦s✐t✐♦♥✱ t♦
st❛t✐♦♥✱ t♦ ❛❞❤❡r❡ t♦❀ t♦ ❝♦♥t✐♥✉❡ ✭❞♦✐♥❣ s♦♠❡t❤✐♥❣✮❀
✇✐t❤ pari✲ t♦ s✉rr♦✉♥❞✱ t♦ ♦❜str✉❝t✱ t♦ ❤✐♥❞❡r❀ t♦ st❛②
❛r♦✉♥❞❀ ✇✐t❤ upa✲ t♦ ❛ss✐st✱ t♦ s✉♣♣♦rt✱ t♦ st❛♥❞ ♥❡❛r✱
t♦ st❛♥❞ ❝❧♦s❡✱ t♦ st❛② ♥❡❛r❀ ✇✐t❤ adhi✲ t♦ ♠♦✉♥t✱ t♦
❛s❝❡♥❞❀ ✇✐t❤ ā✲ t♦ r❡s♦rt t♦✱ t♦ ♠♦✉♥t✱ t♦ st❛② ♦♥❀ ✇✐t❤
anu✲ t♦ st❛♥❞ ❜② ✭s♦♠❡❜♦❞②✮✱ t♦ ❛❜✐❞❡ ❜②❀ ✇✐t❤ vi✲
t♦ r❡♠❛✐♥ ❛♣❛rt✱ t♦ s♣r❡❛❞ ♦✈❡r❀ ✇✐t❤ pra✲ t♦ ❛❞✈❛♥❝❡
t♦✇❛r❞s✱ t♦ st❛♥❞ ✉♣❀ ✇✐t❤ ava✲ t♦ ❣♦ ❞♦✇♥ ✐♥t♦✱ t♦
st❛♥❞ ❞♦✇♥❀ ✇✐t❤ abhi- t♦ ❡①t❡♥❞ ♦✈❡r✱ t♦ st❛♥❞ ✉♣ t♦✱
✾✷✳

sthā ❛❞❥✳✱ ♦♥❧② ✐♥ ❝♦♠♣✳✱ ▼❲✿ st❛♥❞✐♥❣✱ r❡♠❛✐♥✐♥❣✱ st❛✲

t✐♦♥❡❞✱ st❛②✐♥❣❀ ♠✐♥❞❢✉❧ ❉❙✿ r❡s✐❞✐♥❣✱ ✶✹✳

stha ❛❞❥✳✱ ♦♥❧② ✐♥ ❝♦♠♣✳✱ ▼❲✿ st❛♥❞✐♥❣✱ r❡♠❛✐♥✐♥❣✱ st❛✲

t✐♦♥❡❞✱ st❛②✐♥❣❀ ❉❙✿ r❡s✐❞✐♥❣✱ ✶✷✳
✶✹✵✷ ❱♦❝❛❜✉❧❛r②
√
mah ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ❡①❛❧t✱ t♦ ❡❧❛t❡✱ t♦ r❡❥♦✐❝❡✱ t♦ ❞❡❧✐❣❤t
✐♥❀ t♦ ♠✉❧t✐♣❧②✱ t♦ ❛r♦✉s❡❀ t♦ ♠❛❣♥✐❢②✱ ✶✼✳
máh ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ✈❛st✱ ❡①t❡♥s✐✈❡✱ ♠✐❣❤t②✱ ❣r❡❛t✱ str♦♥❣✱ ♣♦✇✲
❡r❢✉❧✱ ❣r❛♥❞✱ ❜✐❣✱ ❛♠♣❧❡✱ ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥t✱ ✼✽✳
√
gr̄. ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ❡①t♦❧✱ t♦ ✐♥✈♦❦❡✱ t♦ ❝❛❧❧ ♦✉t❀ t♦ r❡✲
❝✐t❡❀ ✇✐t❤ abhi t♦ ❛♣♣r♦✈❡✱ t♦ ✇❡❧❝♦♠❡❀ t♦ ❥♦✐♥ ✐♥ r❡❝✐t✲
✐♥❣❀ ✇✐t❤ sam✲ t♦ ♣r♦♠✐s❡✱ ✾✵✳
√
gr̄. ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ s✇❛❧❧♦✇✱ t♦ ❞❡✈♦✉r✱ t♦ ❡❛t ✸❀
√
yuj ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ②♦❦❡✱ t♦ ❤❛r♥❡ss✱ t♦ ❛tt❛❝❤✱ t♦ ❡♠✲
♣❧♦②✱ t♦ ❡♥❣❛❣❡❀ t♦ ❜❡ ❡♥❞♦✇❡❞ ✇✐t❤❀ t♦ ❥♦✐♥❀ t♦ ✐♥tr✉st❀
t♦ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ s✉✐t❛❜❧❡ ❢♦r✱ ✺✵✳
yúj ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ②♦❦❡❞✱ ❡♠♣❧♦②✐♥❣✱ ❡♠♣❧♦②❡❞✱ ❤❛r♥❡ss✐♥❣✱
❤❛r♥❡ss❡❞✱ s❡t✱ ❥♦✐♥❡❞❀ ♥♦✉♥ ♠✳ ❤❛r♥❡ss✐♥❣❀ ❏❇✿ ②♦❦❡✲
♠❛t❡ ✹✷✳
√
stu ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ❡①t♦❧✱ t♦ ♣r❛✐s❡✱ t♦ ❡✉❧♦❣✐③❡❀ t♦
❝❡❧❡❜r❛t❡ ✐♥ s♦♥❣✱ t♦ ❝❡❧❡❜r❛t❡❀ ✇✐t❤ pra✲ t♦ ❝♦♠♠❡♥❝❡
✭♣r❛✐s✐♥❣✮❀ ✇✐t❤ upa✲ t♦ ✐♥✈♦❦❡✱ ❉❙✿ t♦ ❣✐✈❡ ♣r❛✐s❡✱ ✽✾✳
√
vah ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ❝♦♥✈❡②✱ t♦ ❜❡❛r✱ t♦ ❜r✐♥❣✱ t♦ ❝❛rr②✱
t♦ ❞r❛✇✱ t♦ tr❛♥s♣♦rt✱ t♦ ❝❛rt❀ t♦ ❝♦♥❞✉❝t❀ t♦ ❧❡❛❞❀ ✇✐t❤
upa✲ t♦ ❧❡❛❞✱ ✇✐t❤ vi✲ t♦ ❞✐s♣❡rs❡❀ ✇✐t❤ ā✲ t♦ ❜r✐♥❣❀ t♦
❢❡t❝❤✱ ✽✸✳
vah ♦r vāh ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❝♦♥✈❡②✐♥❣✱ ❜❡❛r✐♥❣✱ ✸✳
√
vr. ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ❝♦✈❡r✱ t♦ ❝♦♥❝❡❛❧✱ t♦ ❤✐❞❡❀ t♦ ♦❜✲
str✉❝t✱ t♦ ♣r❡✈❡♥t✱ t♦ ✇❛r❞ ♦✛✱ t♦ ❦❡❡♣ ❛✇❛②✱ t♦ r❡str❛✐♥✱
t♦ s✉rr♦✉♥❞✱ t♦ ❤✐♥❞❡r✱ t♦ s✉♣r❡ss❀ ✇✐t❤ apa✲ t♦ ✉♥❝♦✈❡r✱
t♦ ♦♣❡♥❀ ✇✐t❤ ava✲ t♦ ❞r✐✈❡ ❛✇❛②❀ ✇✐t❤ vi✲ ❞✐s❝♦✈❡r✱ t♦
✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❡✱ t♦ r❡✈❡❛❧✱ ✺✼✳
√
ji ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ s✉❜❞✉❡✱ t♦ ❞❡❢❡❛t✱ t♦ s✉r♣❛ss✱ t♦
❝♦♥q✉❡r✱ t♦ ✇✐♥✱ t♦ ♦✈❡r❝♦♠❡✱ t♦ ❣❛✐♥ ✉♣♣❡r ❤❛♥❞❀ ❉❙✿
t♦ ♣✉t ✉♥❞❡r ❝♦♥tr♦❧✱ ✼✺✳
jit ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ✇✐♥♥✐♥❣✱ ❛❝q✉✐r✐♥❣❀ ❉❙✿ ✈✐❝t♦r✐♦✉s✱ ❞❡❢❡❛t✲
✐♥❣✱ ✷✷✳
√
yam ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ str❡t❝❤ ♦✉t✱ t♦ s♣r❡❛❞✱ t♦ ❡①t❡♥❞✱
t♦ r❛✐s❡❀ t♦ ❞✐r❡❝t❀ t♦ ✇✐❡❧❞ ✭❛s ❛ ✇❡❛♣♦♥✮❀ t♦ ❝♦♥tr♦❧❀
❱❛r✐♦✉s ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦ts ✶✹✵✸

t♦ ❤♦❧❞ ❜❛❝❦❀ ✇✐t❤ ni✲✱ t♦ ❢❛st❡♥✱ t♦ ❜❡ ✇❛♥t✐♥❣✱ t♦ ❤♦❧❞

❞♦✇♥✱ t♦ r❡str❛✐♥❀ ✇✐t❤ ud✲ t♦ r❛✐s❡❀ ✇✐t❤ ā✲ t♦ r❛✐s❡✱ t♦
❞r❛✇ ♥❡❛r✱ t♦ ❤♦❧❞ ✐♥❀ ✇✐t❤ pra✲ t♦ ❞❡s♣❛t❝❤✱ t♦ ♦✛❡r✱ t♦
❡①t❡♥❞❀ ✇✐t❤ pari✲ t♦ ❤♦❧❞ ✉♣❀ ✇✐t❤ prati✲ t♦ ❜❡ ✇♦rt❤✱
✼✹✳

√
sah ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ♦✈❡r♣♦✇❡r✱ t♦ ♦✈❡r❝♦♠❡✱ t♦ ♣r❡✈❛✐❧✱
t♦ ❞❡❢❡❛t✱ t♦ ✈❛♥q✉✐s❤✱ t♦ s✉❜❞✉❡✱ t♦ ❡♥❞✉r❡❀ t♦ ♦✛❡r
✈✐♦❧❡♥❝❡✱ t♦ ❜❡ ❛ ♠❛t❝❤ ❢♦r✱ ✹✷✳

sah ♦r sāh ❛❞❥✳✱ ▼❲✿ ♣r❡✈❛✐❧✐♥❣✱ s✉❜❞✉✐♥❣✱ ♦✈❡r❝♦♠✐♥❣✱

♦✈❡r♣♦✇❡r✐♥❣✱ ✈✐❝t♦r✐♦✉s✱ ✷✾✳

√
san ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ❛❝q✉✐r❡✱ t♦ ❣❛✐♥✱ t♦ ❜❡st♦✇✱ t♦
♣r♦❝✉r❡✱ t♦ ♦❜t❛✐♥❀ ❉❙✿ t♦ ❛tt❛✐♥✱ t♦ ❜❡ s✉❝❝❡ss❢✉❧✱ ✺✽✳

san ✭♦r sā✮ ❛❞❥✳✱ ♦♥❧② ✐♥ ❝♦♠♣✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❜❡st♦✇✐♥❣✱ ❣❛✐♥✐♥❣✱

♣r♦❝✉r✐♥❣✱ ✼✳

√
arc ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ s❤✐♥❡✱ t♦ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t❡❀ t♦ s✐♥❣✱ t♦
r♦❛r❀ t♦ ♣r❛✐s❡✱ t♦ r❡❝♦♠♠❡♥❞❀ ✇✐t❤ abhi✲ t♦ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t❡✱
t♦ ❝❡❧❡❜r❛t❡❀ ✇✐t❤ pra✲ t♦ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t❡❀ ❉❙✿ t♦ r❡❝✐t❡✱ t♦
♣r❛✐s❡ ✇✐t❤ s♦♥❣s❀ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t❡ ❜② ♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ s♣❡❡❝❤✱ ✻✷✳

√
tr̄. ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ❝❛rr② ❛❝r♦ss✒ t♦ ❝❛rr② ♦✈❡r✱ t♦ ♣❛ss
♦✈❡r✱ t♦ ❝r♦ss✱ t♦ s✉r♣❛ss✱ t♦ ♦✈❡r❝♦♠❡✱ t♦ ❣❡t t❤r♦✉❣❤❀
✇✐t❤ pra✲ t♦ ♣r♦❧♦♥❣✱ t♦ ♣r❡s❡r✈❡✱ t♦ ❡①t❡♥❞ ✭❧✐❢❡✲❢♦r❝❡✮❀
t♦ s❡t ♦✉t❀ ✇✐t❤ vi✲ t♦ tr❛✈❡rs❡❀ t♦ ❢r✉str❛t❡❀ ✇✐t❤ ud✲ t♦
❡❧❡✈❛t❡❀ ❉❙✿ t♦ tr❛♥s❢❡r✱ t♦ ♣❛ss t❤r♦✉❣❤✱ t♦ tr❛♥s❝❡♥❞✱
t♦ tr❛✈❡rs❡❀ ✇✐t❤ ava✲ t♦ ❞❡❣r❛❞❡❀ ✇✐t❤ ni✲ t♦ ❞❡❣r❛❞❡❀
✇✐t❤ pra✲ t♦ ❣♦ ❜❡②♦♥❞✱ t♦ ❝❛rr② ❢♦rt❤✱ t♦ tr❛♥s❢❡r ❢♦rt❤❀
✇✐t❤ vi✲ t♦ ❝♦♠❡ ✈✐♦❧❡♥t❧②❀ t♦ tr❛✈❡rs❡❀ ✇✐t❤ ati✲ t♦ ❣♦
❜❡②♦♥❞✱ ✻✶✳

tur ❛❞❥✳✱ ♦♥❧② ✐♥ ❝♦♠♣✳✱ ❉❙✿ ❝r♦ss✐♥❣✱ s♣❛♥♥✐♥❣✱ ❝♦♥t❡♥❞✐♥❣

✇✐t❤✱ ✶✹✳

√
jus. ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ❜❡ ❢❛✈♦r❛❜❧❡ t♦✱ t♦ ❡♥❥♦②✱ t♦ ❜❡
♣❧❡❛s❡❞❀ t♦ ❢r❡q✉❡♥t✱ t♦ ❞❡❧✐❣❤t❀ ❉❙✿ t♦ ❜❡ ❣r❛t✐✜❡❞✱ t♦
❢❛✈♦✉r✱ t♦ t❛❦❡ ♣❧❡❛s✉r❡ ✐♥❀ t♦ ❛❧❧♦✇✱ t♦ ❛❧❧♦✇ ♠✐♥❞ t♦
❞✇❡❧❧ ♦♥✱ ✻✵✳

√
sr.j ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ♣♦✉r ❢♦rt❤❀ t♦ r❡❧❡❛s❡✱ t♦ ❧❡t ❣♦✱
t♦ ❧❡t ❧♦♦s❡✱ t♦ ❞✐s❝❤❛r❣❡✱ t♦ ❝❛st✱ t♦ ❧❡t ✢②❀ ✇✐t❤ ava✲ t♦
s❡♥❞ ♦✛✱ t♦ ❛❜❛♥❞♦♥❀ ✇✐t❤ sam✲ t♦ ❝♦♠❡ ✐♥t♦ ❝♦♥t❛❝t✱
✶✹✵✹ ❱♦❝❛❜✉❧❛r②
t♦ ✉♥✐t❡✱ t♦ ♠✐①✱ t♦ ♠✐♥❣❧❡❀ t♦ ♣r❡s❡♥t ✇✐t❤❀ ✇✐t❤ vi✲ t♦
❞✐s❝❤❛r❣❡✱ t♦ ❧❡t ✢♦✇❀ ✇✐t❤ nis✲ t♦ ♣♦✉r ♦✉t❀ ✇✐t❤ pra✲
t♦ ❣✐✈❡ ❢r❡❡ ❝♦✉rs❡❀ ✇✐t❤ ud✲ t♦ ❝r❡❛t❡✱ t♦ ♣♦✉r ♦✉t✱ t♦
❧❛② ❛s✐❞❡❀ ✇✐t❤ upa✲ t♦ ❡♠✐t✱ t♦ ❧❡t ❧♦♦s❡❀ ❉❙✿ t♦ ✢♦✇ ♦✛✱
t♦ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❧♦♦s❡❀ t♦ ✉♥❧❡❛s❤❀ ✇✐t❤ pra✲ t♦ s❡♥❞ s✉r❣✐♥❣✱
✺✽✳
❆♥② ♠❡❛♥✐♥❣ ♦❢ t❤❡ r♦♦t sr.j ♣❛rt❛❦❡s ♦❢ ✏r❡♠♦✈✐♥❣ ♦❜✲
st❛❝❧❡s ❢♦r s♦♠❡t❤✐♥❣ t♦ ♠♦✈❡✑✳

√
dhr. ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ♠❛✐♥t❛✐♥✱ t♦ s✉♣♣♦rt✱ t♦ ❜❡❛r✱ t♦
❦❡❡♣✱ t♦ ❤♦❧❞✱ t♦ ♣r❡s❡r✈❡✱ t♦ r❡str❛✐♥✱ t♦ ❡♠♣❧♦②❀ t♦
❝♦♥❢❡r❀ ✇✐t❤ vi✲ t♦ s❡♣❛r❛t❡❀ ❉❙✿ t♦ ❡st❛❜❧✐s❤✱ t♦ ♣❡rs✐st❀
✇✐t❤ ni✲ t♦ ♣❧❛❝❡✱ ✺✶✳

√
van ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ❉❙✿ t♦ ♣❧❛❝❡ ✇✐t❤✐♥ r❡❛❝❤❀ ▼❲✿ t♦ ❜❡❝♦♠❡
♠❛st❡r ♦❢❀ ✇✐t❤ ā✲ t♦ ♣r♦❝✉r❡❀ ✇✐t❤ pra✲ t♦ ❣❛✐♥ ❛❞✈❛♥✲
t❛❣❡✱ t♦ ❣❛✐♥✱ ✺✶✳

√
vr.t ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ t✉r♥✱ t♦ r♦❧❧✱ t♦ ✇❤✐r❧✱ t♦ ❜❡❝♦♠❡❀
✇✐t❤ ni✲ t♦ r❡tr❡❛t✱ t♦ t✉r♥ ❜❛❝❦❀ ✇✐t❤ prati✲ t♦ ✢✐♥❣
❛❣❛✐♥st❀ ✇✐t❤ anu✲ t♦ ❢♦❧❧♦✇❀ ✇✐t❤ pari✲ t♦ ❜r✐♥❣ ❛r♦✉♥❞❀
✇✐t❤ sam✲ t♦ t❛❦❡ s❤❛♣❡❀ ✇✐t❤ ā✲ t♦ ❞r❛✇ ♥❡❛r✱ t♦ ❞r❛✇
❜❛❝❦✱ t♦ ❛ttr❛❝t✱ t♦ t✉r♥ ❤❡r❡✱ t♦ t✉r♥ ✉♣ ❤❡r❡✱ t♦ t✉r♥
r♦✉♥❞❀ ✇✐t❤ ud✲ t♦ t✉r♥ ✉♣❀ ❉❙✿ t♦ ❝✐r❝❧❡✱ t♦ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st✱
t♦ ❤❛♣♣❡♥✱ t♦ ❢❛❝❡❀ ✇✐t❤ pra✲ t♦ r♦❧❧❀ ✇✐t❤ vi✲ t♦ ❣♦
❤❛②✇✐r❡✱ ✺✸✳

√
viś ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ❡♥t❡r❀ ✇✐t❤ ā✲ t♦ t❛❦❡ ♣♦ss❡ss✐♦♥
♦❢✱ t♦ ❡♥t❡r❀ ✇✐t❤ ni✲ t♦ ❞❡s❝❡♥❞❀ ❉❙✿ ✇✐t❤ ā✲ ♣❡r✈❛❞❡✱
t♦ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❛❜s♦r❜❡❞✱ ✶✻✳

√
vaś ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ✇✐s❤✱ t♦ ❝♦♠♠❛♥❞✱ t♦ ✇✐❧❧✱ t♦ ❞❡✲
s✐r❡✱ t♦ ❜❡ ❡❛❣❡r✱ t♦ ❧♦♥❣ ❢♦r✱ ✹✽✳

√
vac ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ s❛②✱ t♦ ✉tt❡r✱ t♦ t❡❧❧✱ t♦ s♣❡❛❦✱ t♦
❝❛❧❧✱ t♦ ❞❡❝❧❛r❡✱ t♦ ❞❡s❝r✐❜❡✱ t♦ r❡❣❛r❞ ❛s❀ ✇✐t❤ achā✲ t♦
✐♥✈✐t❡❀ ✇✐t❤ pra✲ t♦ ♠❡♥t✐♦♥✱ t♦ r❡✈❡❛❧✱ t♦ ♣r♦❝❧❛✐♠✱ t♦
❛♥♥♦✉♥❝❡✱ t♦ ❝♦♠♠❡♥❞❀ ✇✐t❤ vi✲ t♦ ❡①♣❧❛✐♥✱ t♦ ❡①♣❧✐✲
❝❛t❡✱ t♦ ❞❡❝❧❛r❡✱ t♦ ❡①♣r❡ss✱ ✹✽✳

√
sac ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥②❀ t♦ ❤❡❧♣ t♦✱ t♦ ❛❞❤❡r❡✱
t♦ ❛ss✐st✱ t♦ ❛ss♦❝✐❛t❡ ✇✐t❤❀ ✇✐t❤ pra✲ t♦ ♣✉rs✉❡❀ ✇✐t❤
anu✲ t♦ ❢♦❧❧♦✇❀ ❉❙✿ t♦ ❜❡ ❛ ❝♦♠♣❛♥✐♦♥✱ ✹✷❀
❱❛r✐♦✉s ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦ts ✶✹✵✺
√
śak ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ❜❡ ❛❜❧❡✱ t♦ ❤❡❧♣✱ t♦ ❡①❡rt ♦♥❡✬s
s❡❧❢❀ ✇✐t❤ ā✲ t♦ ❧❡t ♣❛rt❛❦❡✱ t♦ st✐♠✉❧❛t❡❀ ✇✐t❤ prati✲ t♦
❜❡ ❛ ♠❛t❝❤ ❢♦r❀ ❉❙✿ t♦ ❡♠♣♦✇❡r✱ t♦ ❜❡ ❡✛❡❝t✐✈❡✱ t♦ ❜❡
♣♦t❡♥t❀ ✇✐t❤ upa✲ t♦ ❡♥❞❡❛✈♦✉r t♦ ❛❧❧✉r❡✱ t♦ ❡♥❞❡❛✈♦✉r
t♦ ❛ss✐st✱ t♦ s❡❡❦ t♦ ❡♥t✐❝❡❀ ✇✐t❤ pari✲ t♦ ♦✉t♠❛t❝❤✱ ✹✶✳
√
śiks. ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ♣r♦❜✳ ❞❡s✐❞✳ ♦❢ śak ❉❙✿ t♦ ❜❡ ❡❛❣❡r t♦ ❤❡❧♣✱
t♦ s❡❡❦ t♦ ❤❡❧♣✱ t♦ ✇✐s❤ t♦ ❤❡❧♣❀ t♦ ❞❡s✐r❡ t♦ ❡♠♣♦✇❡r✱
t♦ ❡♠♣♦✇❡r✱ t♦ ✇✐s❤ t♦ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❡♠♣♦✇❡r❡❞✱ ✷✵✳
√
.rc ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ❉❙✿ t♦ ♣r❛✐s❡ ✐♥ ✈❡rs❡✱ t♦ r❡❝✐t❡✱ t♦ r❡❝✐t❡
♣r❛✐s❡s❀ ✇✐t❤ pra✲ t♦ ❝♦♠♠❡♥❞ ✇✐t❤ ❛ ✈❡rs❡✱ ✷✺✳
√
sad ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ t♦ s✐t❀ ✇✐t❤ ni✲ t♦ s✐t ❞♦✇♥❀ ✇✐t❤ ā✲ t♦ r❡❛❝❤
❢♦r✱ t♦ ♣r❡s✐❞❡✱ t♦ ❡♥❝♦✉♥t❡r✱ t♦ s✐t ♦♥✱ t♦ s❡tt❧❡❀ ✇✐t❤
upa✲ t♦ s✐t ♥❡❛r✱ t♦ ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤❀ ❉❙✿ t♦ s❡tt❧❡✱ t♦ t❛❦❡ ❛
s❡❛t❀ ✇✐t❤ ni✲ t♦ s❡tt❧❡ ❞♦✇♥✱ t♦ s✉❜s✐❞❡✱ ✹✼✳
sad ❛❞❥✳✱ ♦♥❧② ✐♥ ❝♦♠♣✳✱ ❉❙✿ s❡tt❧❡❞✱ ✸✳
√
pr̄. ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ❢✉❧❧✜❧✱ t♦ s❛t✐s❢②✱ t♦ ♥♦✉r✐s❤✱ t♦ ✜❧❧❀
t♦ ❜❡st♦✇✱ t♦ ❣r❛♥t ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥t❧②❀ ✇✐t❤ ā✲ t♦ ✜❧❧✱ t♦ ✜❧❧
✉♣✱ t♦ s❛t❡✱ ✸✾✳
√
prā ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ✜❧❧❀ ❉❙✿ t♦ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❧✐s❤✱ t♦ ❢✉❧❧✜❧✱
✶✻✳
prā ❛❞❥✳✱ ♦♥❧② ✐♥ ❝♦♠♣✳✱ ▼❲✿ ✜❧❧✐♥❣✱ ✻✳
√
aś ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ r❡❛❝❤✱ t♦ ❛rr✐✈❡❀ t♦ ❣❛✐♥✱ t♦ ❛tt❛✐♥✱
t♦ ♦❜t❛✐♥❀ t♦ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ❛ ♠❛st❡r ♦❢❀ ✇✐t❤ vi✲ t♦ t❛❦❡ ♣♦s✲
s❡ss✐♦♥ ♦❢✱ t♦ ♦❜t❛✐♥✱ t♦ ♣❡r✈❛❞❡❀ ✇✐t❤ anu✲ t♦ ❡q✉❛❧❀
✇✐t❤ pra✲ t♦ r❡❛❝❤✱ t♦ ❢❛❧❧ t♦ t❤❡ ❧♦t ♦❢❀ ❉❙✿ ✇✐t❤ vi✲ t♦
✐♥t❡rr✉♣t❀ ✇✐t❤ ud✲ t♦ r✐s❡ ✉♣ t♦✱ ✸✻✳
√
aś ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ ✇✐t❤ pra✲ t♦ ❡♥❥♦②✱ ✶✳
√
naś ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ r❡❛❝❤✱ t♦ ❛tt❛✐♥✱ t♦ ✜♥❞✱ t♦ ♠❡❡t
✇✐t❤❀ ❉❙✿ t♦ ❣❡t t❤r♦✉❣❤❀ t♦ s✉❝❝❡❡❞ ✐♥❀ t♦ ❡q✉❛❧❀ ✇✐t❤
pra✲ t♦ ❛✛❡❝t❀ ✇✐t❤ abhi✲ t♦ ♦✈❡rt❛❦❡❀ ✇✐t❤ sam✲ t♦ r❡✲
❛❧✐③❡❀ ✇✐t❤ vi✲ t♦ ♣❡r♠❡❛t❡✱ ✷✷✳
√
naś ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ✈❛♥✐s❤❀ ✇✐t❤ vi✲ t♦ r❡♥❞❡r ✐♥❡✛❡❝✲
t✐✈❡✱ t♦ ❝♦♠❡ t♦ ♥♦t❤✐♥❣✱ t♦ ❝♦♠❡ t♦ ♥❛✉❣❤t✱ t♦ ❜❡ ❧♦st❀
t♦ ❞✐s❛♣♣❡❛r✱ ✼✳
✶✹✵✻ ❱♦❝❛❜✉❧❛r②
√
nı̄ ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ❣✉✐❞❡✱ t♦ ❧❡❛❞✱ t♦ ❞✐r❡❝t❀ t♦ s✉❜❞✉❡❀
t♦ ❞r❛✇ ❢r♦♠❀ ✇✐t❤ sam✲ t♦ ❝♦♥♥❡❝t✱ t♦ ❜r✐♥❣ t♦❣❡t❤❡r✱
✸✼✳
√
nu ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ❉❙✿ t♦ ✜♥❞ ♦♥❡✬s ✇❛②✱ ✸✻✳
√
.r ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ r✐s❡✱ t♦ r❛✐s❡✱ t♦ r♦✉s❡✱ t♦ ❢❛❧❧ ✉♣♦♥✱
t♦ ❢❛❧❧ ✐♥t♦✱ t♦ ♠❡❡t❀ ✇✐t❤ sam✲ t♦ ❥♦✐♥✱ t♦ ❝♦♠❡ t♦ ❛ ❝♦❧✲
❧✐s✐♦♥❀ ✇✐t❤ vi✲ t♦ ❣♦ ❛s✉♥❞❡r❀ ✇✐t❤ nis✲ t♦ ❜❡ ❞❡♣r✐✈❡❞
♦❢❀ ✇✐t❤ pra✲ t♦ s❡t ✐♥ ♠♦t✐♦♥❀ ❏❇✿ t♦ ✜t❀ ❉❙✿ t♦ ❡♥✲
❝♦✉♥t❡r✱ t♦ ❝♦♠❡ ❛❝r♦ss❀ ✇✐t❤ ni✲ t♦ s✉❜s✐❞❡✱ t♦ t❛❦❡
❞♦✇♥❀ ✇✐t❤ ud✲ t♦ t❡♥❞ ✉♣✇❛r❞s✱ t♦ r♦✉s❡✱ ✸✺✳
√
dr̄. ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ❜✉rst✱ t♦ ❞✐s♣❡rs❡✱ t♦ s♣❧✐t ♦♣❡♥✱
t♦ ❜r❡❛❦✱ t♦ ❜r❡❛❦ ♦♣❡♥✱ t♦ t❡❛r ♦♣❡♥✱ t♦ r❡♥❞✱ t♦ ♠❛❦❡
❛❝❝❡ss✐❜❧❡❀ ✇✐t❤ vi✲ t♦ ❧❛❝❡r❛t❡❀ ✇✐t❤ ā- t♦ ❢♦r❝❡ ♦♣❡♥❀
✇✐t❤ pra✲ t♦ t❡❛r t♦ ♣✐❡❝❡s✱ ✸✺✳
√
brū ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ s♣❡❛❦✱ t♦ s❛②✱ t♦ t❛❧❦✱ t♦ ❞❡❝❧❛r❡✱
t♦ ❝❛❧❧❀ ✇✐t❤ sam✲ t♦ ❛❣r❡❡❀ ✇✐t❤ vi✲ t♦ ❞✐s❛❣r❡❡❀ ✇✐t❤
pra✲ t♦ ✐♥❞✐❝❛t❡✱ t♦ ♣r♦❝❧❛✐♠✱ t♦ r❡❧❛t❡❀ ✇✐t❤ adhi✲ t♦
✐♥t❡r❝❡❞❡ ❢♦r❀ ✇✐t❤ upa✲ t♦ ❛❞❞r❡ss✱ t♦ ✐♥✈♦❦❡✱ t♦ ❡♥tr❡❛t❀
✇✐t❤ prati✲ t♦ r❡s♣♦♥❞✱ t♦ r❡♣❧②✱ ✸✸✳
√
pat ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ✢②✱ t♦ ❢❛❧❧❀ t♦ s♣❡❡❞✱ t♦ r✉s❤❀ t♦
❞❡s❝❡♥❞ ✉♣♦♥✱ t♦ ♦❝❝✉r❀ ❉❙✿ t♦ ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤✱ ✷✺✳
√
pat ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ❣♦✈❡r♥✱ t♦ r❡✐❣♥✱ t♦ ❝♦♥tr♦❧❀ t♦ ❜❡
✜t ❢♦r❀ ❉❙✿ t♦ ♦✈❡rs❡❡✱ ✽✳
√
duh ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ♠✐❧❦✱ t♦ ♠✐❧❦ ♦✉t✱ t♦ ❞r❛✇✱ t♦
❡①tr❛❝t❀ t♦ ②✐❡❧❞✱ ✸✷✳
√
gā ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ♣✉rs✉❡❀ t♦ ❝♦♠❡❀ t♦ ❣♦❀ t♦ ✇❛❧❦❀
t♦ ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤❀ t♦ ❝♦♠❡ ✐♥t♦ ❛♥② st❛t❡ ♦r ❝♦♥❞✐t✐♦♥❀ ✇✐t❤
abhi✲ t♦ ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤❀ ✇✐t❤ ā✲ t♦ ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤❀ ✇✐t❤ anu✲ t♦
❢♦❧❧♦✇❀ ✇✐t❤ ud✲ t♦ r✐s❡❀ ✇✐t❤ upa✲ t♦ ❛rr✐✈❡ ❛t❀ ✇✐t❤
pra✲ t♦ ♣r♦❝❡❡❞✱ t♦ ♠♦✈❡❀ ❉❙✿ t♦ ❞✐✈❡✱ ✸✵✳
❈♦♥tr❛st❡❞ ✇✐t❤ s❡♠❛♥t✐❝❛❧❧② ❝❧♦s❡ r♦♦t √gam✱ √✲
gā ✐♥❞✐❝❛t❡s ♠♦✈❡♠❡♥t ✇✐t❤ ✇❡❧❧✲❞❡✜♥❡❞ ❛♥❞ ❡♠♣❤✐✲
s✐③❡❞ ❡♥❞✲♣♦✐♥t✱ ✇❤✐❧❡ √gam ✖ ❛ ♠♦✈❡♠❡♥t ❢r♦♠ ✇❡❧❧✲
❞❡✜♥❡❞ st❛rt✐♥❣ ♣♦✐♥t✳
√
vad ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ s♣❡❛❦✱ t♦ s❛②✱ t♦ t❡❧❧✱ t♦ ✉tt❡r✱ t♦
✐♥❞✐❝❛t❡❀ ✇✐t❤ sam✲ t♦ ❝♦♥✈❡rs❡❀ ✇✐t❤ prati✲ t♦ r❡♣❧②❀
❉❙✿ ✇✐t❤ anu✲ t♦ ❝♦♠♠❡♥t✱ ✸✵✳
❱❛r✐♦✉s ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦ts ✶✹✵✼
√
śam
.s ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ r❡❝✐t❡❀ t♦ r❡♣❡❛t❀ t♦ ❛♥♥♦✉♥❝❡❀ t♦
❝♦♠♠❡♥❞❀ ✇✐t❤ pra✲ t♦ st✐♠✉❧❛t❡✱ ✸✻✳
√
paś ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ❜❡❤♦❧❞✱ t♦ ♦❜s❡r✈❡✱ t♦ ❧♦♦❦✱t♦ ♣❡r❝❡✐✈❡✱
t♦ s❡❡❀ ❉❙✿ t♦ ❡①♣❡r✐❡♥❝❡ ❞✐r❡❝t❧②❀ ✇✐t❤ pra✲ t♦ ❢♦r❡s❡❡✱
✷✾✳
√
vr.j ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ♣✉❧❧✱ t♦ t✇✐st✱ t♦ ✇r✐♥❣ ♦✛✱ t♦ ♣❧✉❝❦✱
t♦ ❜❡♥❞✱ t♦ t✉r♥❀ t♦ ❡①❝❧✉❞❡❀ ✇✐t❤ ā✲ t♦ ❜❡st♦✇❀ ✇✐t❤
pari✲ t♦ s❤✉♥✱ t♦ ❛✈♦✐❞✱ t♦ ♣❛ss ♦✈❡r❀ ❉❙✿ t♦ ✉♣r♦♦t❀ t♦
✈❡❡r❀ ✇✐t❤ pari✲ t♦ ♠✐ss❀ ✇✐t❤ api✲ t♦ ❜✉♥❞❧❡❀✇✐t❤ ni✲ t♦
♣✉t ✐♥t♦ ❛ ❜✐♥❞✱ ✷✾✳
√
bhaj ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ❡♥❥♦②✱ t♦ ❛♣♣♦rt✐♦♥✱ t♦ ♣❛rt❛❦❡✱ t♦
♦❜t❛✐♥✱ t♦ s❤❛r❡✱ t♦ ♣♦ss❡ss❀ ✇✐t❤ vi✲ t♦ ❛♣♣♦rt✐♦♥✱ t♦
❞✐str✐❜✉t❡✱ t♦ ❞✐✈✐❞❡❀ ✇✐t❤ nis✲ t♦ ❡①❝❧✉❞❡✱
❉❙✿ t♦ ❤❛✈❡ ❛ s❤❛r❡ ♦❢✱ t♦ ♠❛❦❡ t♦ ♣❛rt❛❦❡❀ ✇✐t❤ ā✲ t♦
♣❛rt❛❦❡✱ t♦ ❛♣♣♦rt✐♦♥✱ ✷✽✳
√
bhı̄ ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ❜❡ ❛❢r❛✐❞✱ t♦ ❢❡❛r❀ ❉❙✿ t♦ ❜❡ ❢r✐❣❤t✲
❡♥❡❞❀ t♦ s❝❛r❡✱ ✷✷✳
bh´ı̄ ♥♦✉♥ ❢✳✱ ▼❲✿ ❛♣♣r❡❤❡♥s✐♦♥✱ ❞r❡❛❞✱ ❞r❡❛❞✱ ✻✳
√
gai ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ t♦ ❝❤❛♥t✱ t♦ ♣r❛✐s❡ ✐♥ s♦♥❣✱t♦ r❡❝✐t❡ ✐♥ ❛
s✐♥❣✐♥❣ ♠❛♥♥❡r✱ t♦ s✐♥❣❀ t♦ ♣r❛✐s❡❀ ✇✐t❤ pra✲ t♦ st❛rt
s✐♥❣✐♥❣✱ t♦ s✐♥❣ ❢♦rt❤✱ t♦ st❛rt ♣r❛✐s✐♥❣ ✐♥ s♦♥❣❀ ✇✐t❤
upa✲ t♦ ❥♦✐♥ ✐♥ s✐♥❣✐♥❣✳ ✷✼✳
√
tan ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ s♣r❡❛❞✱ t♦ str❡t❝❤✱ t♦ ❡①t❡♥❞✱ t♦
✇❡❛✈❡❀ ✇✐t❤ ā✲ t♦ ♦✈❡rs♣r❡❛❞❀ ✇✐t❤ ni✲ t♦ ♣❡♥❡tr❛t❡❀
✇✐t❤ ava✲ t♦ ❧♦♦s❡♥❀ ✇✐t❤ vi✲ t♦ ♣❡r✈❛❞❡❀ t♦ str❡t❝❤ ✷✺✳
√
bādh ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ❞r✐✈❡ ❛✇❛②✱ t♦ ❝❤❡❝❦✱ t♦ r❡♣❡❧✱ t♦
♣r❡✈❡♥t✱ t♦ r❡♣r❡ss✱ t♦ ❤❛r❛ss✱ t♦ ✈❡①❀ t♦ ❢♦r❝❡❀ ✇✐t❤ vi✲
t♦ ❞r✐✈❡ ❛♣❛rt✴❛s✉♥❞❡r❀ t♦ s❝❛r❡ ❛✇❛②✱ ✷✺✳
√
ric ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ r❡♠♦✈❡❀ t♦ ❡♠♣t②❀ t♦ s❡t ❢r❡❡✱ t♦
r❡❧❡❛s❡❀ t♦ ❧❡❛✈❡❀ t♦ ❛❜❛♥❞♦♥✱ t♦ s✉♣♣❧❛♥t❀ ✇✐t❤ pra✲ t♦
❜❡ s✉r♣❛ss❀ ✇✐t❤ ud✲ t♦ st❛♥❞ ♦✉t❀ ✇✐t❤ vi✲ t♦ ❡①t❡♥❞
❜❡②♦♥❞❀ ❉❙✿ t♦ ❣❡t r✐❞ ♦❢❀ ✇✐t❤ ati✲ t♦ ❜❡ ❜❡②♦♥❞✱ ✷✻✳
√
vadh ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ❞❡str♦②✱ t♦ ✈❛♥q✉✐s❤✱ t♦ ❞❡❢❡❛t❀ ❉❙✿
✇✐t❤ ni✲ t♦ str✐❦❡ ✐♥t♦✱ ✷✻✳
✶✹✵✽ ❱♦❝❛❜✉❧❛r②
√
ı̄ś ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ♦✇♥✱ t♦ ♣♦ss❡ss❀ t♦ ❜❡ ♠❛st❡r ♦❢✱
t♦ ❝♦♠♠❛♥❞✱ t♦ r❡✐❣♥ ♦✈❡r✱ t♦ r✉❧❡❀ ❉❙✿ t♦ ❜❡ ❛❜❧❡✱ ✷✺✳
√
ı̄r ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ❛r✐s❡❀ t♦ ❛❣✐t❛t❡❀ t♦ ♠♦✈❡❀ ✇✐t❤
ud✲ t♦ ❛r✐s❡✱ t♦ r✐s❡ ✉♣❀ ✇✐t❤ vi✲ t♦ ❞❡✲❡♥❡r❣✐③❡✱ t♦ ❞❡s✲
♦❧❛t❡❀ t♦ ❞✐s♠❛♥t❧❡✱ t♦ ❜r❡❛❦ ✐♥t♦ ♣✐❡❝❡s❀ ✇✐t❤ pra✲ t♦
st✐♠✉❧❛t❡❀ ❉❙✿ t♦ st✐r ✉♣❀ t♦ st✐♠✉❧❛t❡❀ ✇✐t❤ vi✲ t♦ ❞❡✲
❡♥❡r❣✐③❡✱ t♦ ❞❡s♦❧❛t❡❀ t♦ ❞✐s♠❛♥t❧❡✱ t♦ ❞❡❝❛②❀ ✇✐t❤ ā✲ t♦
❝❛st❀ t♦ ❛r♦✉s❡❀ ✇✐t❤ sam✲ t♦ ❛❝t✐✈❛t❡✱ t♦ ❜r✐♥❣ t♦ ❧✐❢❡❀
✇✐t❤ pra✲ t♦ ❜r✐♥❣ ❢♦rt❤✱ ✷✺✳
√
mı̄ ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ❞✐♠✐♥✐s❤❀ t♦ ✈✐♦❧❛t❡❀ ✇✐t❤ ā✲ t♦ ❝✉r✲
t❛✐❧✱ t♦ ❞♦✇♥♣❧❛②❀ ✇✐t❤ pra✲ t♦ ❢r✉str❛t❡✱ t♦ ♥❡❣❧❡❝t❀ ❉❙✿
t♦ ♠♦❞❡r❛t❡❀ ✇✐t❤ ā✲ t♦ ❞♦✇♥♣❧❛②❀ ✇✐t❤ vi✲ t♦ ♠♦❞✉❧❛t❡✱
✷✹✳
√
kan ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ t❛❦❡ ♣❧❡❛s✉r❡ ✐♥✱ t♦ ❡♥❥♦②✱ t♦
❜❡ s❛t✐s✜❡❞ ✇✐t❤✱ t♦ ❜❡ ♣❧❡❛s❡❞ ✇✐t❤✱ t♦ ✜♥❞ ♣❧❡❛✲
s✉r❡✴❡♥❥♦②♠❡♥t ✐♥❀ t♦ st✐✈❡ ❢♦r✱ t♦ ❞❡s✐r❡✱ t♦ ❜❡ ❧✐❦❡❞✱ t♦
❛❝❝❡♣t ✇✐t❤ s❛t✐s❢❛❝t✐♦♥❀ ✇✐t❤ ā✲ t♦ ❛❣r❡❡ t♦✱ t♦ str✐✈❡
❛❢t❡r✱ ✷✺✳
√
vas ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ✇❡❛r✱ t♦ ❛ss✉♠❡ ✭❛ ❢♦r♠✮✱ t♦ ❝❧♦t❤❀
t♦ ❡♥t❡r ✐♥t♦✱ ✶✵✳
√
vas ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ st❛②✱ t♦ s♣❡♥❞ t✐♠❡✱ ✷✳
√
vas ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ❣r♦✇ ❜r✐❣❤t✱ t♦ s❤✐♥❡✱ t♦ ❞❛✇♥❀
✇✐t❤ apa✲ t♦ ❞r✐✈❡ ❛✇❛② ✇✐t❤ ❜r✐❣❤t♥❡ss✱ ✶✶✳
√
vı̄ ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤✱ t♦ ❛❝❝❡♣t✱ t♦ s❡✐③❡❀ t♦
❛r♦✉s❡✱ t♦ s❡t ✐♥ ♠♦t✐♦♥✱ t♦ ❡①❝✐t❡❀ t♦ ❡❛❣❡r❧② s❡❡❦❀ ✇✐t❤
apa✲ t♦ t✉r♥ ❛✇❛② ❢r♦♠❀ ❉❙✿ ✇✐t❤ ava✲ t♦ s❡❡❦ t♦ s♥❛t❝❤✱
✷✷✳
√
śās ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ❣♦✈❡r♥✱ t♦ ❝♦♥tr♦❧✱ t♦ r❡str❛✐♥✱ t♦
❞✐r❡❝t❀ ✇✐t❤ nis✲ t♦ ❡①♣❡❧❀ ✇✐t❤ ā✲ t♦ ❡①♣❡❝t✱ ✷✸✳
√
mā ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ♠❡t❡ ♦✉t✱ t♦ ❛♣♣♦rt✐♦♥✱ t♦ ♠❡❛s✉r❡
♦✉t✱ t♦ ♠❛r❦ ♦✛❀ t♦ ❢❛s❤✐♦♥❀ ✇✐t❤ upa✲ t♦ ❛ss✐❣♥✱ t♦
❛♣♣♦rt✐♦♥✱ t♦ ❛❧❧♦t❀ ✇✐t❤ sam✲ t♦ ♠❛❦❡ ❡q✉❛❧❀ ✇✐t❤ ni✲
t♦ ❛❞❥✉st❀ ❉❙✿ t♦ ♠♦❞❡r❛t❡❀ ✇✐t❤ vi✲ t♦ ♣❛❝❡✱ t♦ ❛tt✉♥❡❀
✇✐t❤ upa✲ t♦ ♠♦❞❡r❛t❡✱ ✷✻✳
√
mā ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ s♦✉♥❞ ✭❛s✮✱ ✶✳
❱❛r✐♦✉s ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦ts ✶✹✵✾
√
muc ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ s❡t ❢r❡❡✱ t♦ ❢r❡❡✱ t♦ r❡❧❡❛s❡❀ t♦ ✉♥✲
❤❛r♥❡ss❀ t♦ ❧♦♦s❡❀ ✇✐t❤ prati✲ t♦ ❛ss✉♠❡ ❛ ❢♦r♠❀ ❉❙✿
✇✐t❤ pra✲ t♦ ✉♥❧❡❛s❤✱ ✷✸✳
√
pı̄ ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ❉❙✿ t♦ ✢❡s❤ ♦✉t❀ ▼❲✿ t♦ s✇❡❧❧❀ t♦ ❜❡ ❡①✉✲
❜❡r❛♥t❀ ✇✐t❤ prati✲ t♦ r❡✈✐❧❡✱ ✷✺✳
√
yat ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ♠❛rs❤❛❧❧✱ t♦ ❝♦♥♥❡❝t❀ t♦ ❡①t❡♥❞❀ t♦
r✐✈❛❧❀ t♦ ❜❡ ❡❛❣❡r ❢♦r❀ ❉❙✿ ✇✐t❤ sam✲ t♦ ❛❧✐❣♥ ✇✐t❤✱ ✽✳
yat ❛❞❥✳✱ ♦♥❧② ✐♥ ❝♦♠♣✳✱ ❉❙✿ s❡❡❦✐♥❣✱ ✶✸✳
√
budh ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ❜❡ ❛✇❛❦❡✱ t♦ ✇❛❦❡ ✉♣❀ t♦ ❜❡ ❛✇❛r❡❀
t♦ ❤❡❡❞❀ t♦ ❛tt❡♥❞❀ ✇✐t❤ ni✲ t♦ ❧✐st❡♥ t♦✱ ✷✸✳
√
dr.ś ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ s❡❡✱ t♦ ❜❡❤♦❧❞✱ t♦ ♥♦t✐❝❡❀ t♦ ❝♦♥✲
s✐❞❡r✱ t♦ ❛♣♣❡❛r❀ ❉❙✿ t♦ ♣❡r❝❡✐✈❡✱ t♦ ♦❜s❡r✈❡✱ ✷✷✳
√
pr. ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ❜r✐♥❣ ♦✈❡r✱ t♦ ❞❡❧✐✈❡r✱ t♦ r❡s❝✉❡❀
t♦ ❣❡t ♦✈❡r❀ t♦ ♣r♦t❡❝t❀ ✇✐t❤ ati✲ t♦ ❝r♦ss ♦✈❡r❀ t♦ ❝❛rr②
❛❝r♦ss✱ ✷✵✳
√
prath ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ s♣r❡❛❞❀ t♦ ❡①t❡♥❞❀ t♦ ♠❛❦❡ ❧❛r❣❡r❀
✇✐t❤ vi✲ t♦ s♣r❡❛❞ ♦✉t❀ ❉❙✿ t♦ str❡t❝❤❀ ✇✐t❤ vi✲ t♦ s♣r❡❛❞
❛♣❛rt✱ ✷✷✳
√
ram ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ st♦♣✱ t♦ s❡t ❛t r❡st✱ t♦ ❝❛❧♠❀ t♦
st❛② st✐❧❧❀ t♦ ❡♥❥♦②❀ ✇✐t❤ ni✲ t♦ ✐♠♣❡❞❡✱ t♦ ❞❡t❛✐♥❀ t♦
❝♦♠❡ t♦ r❡st❀ ✷✷✳
√
sr. ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ✢♦✇✱ t♦ ❣❧✐❞❡✱ t♦ r✉s❤✱ t♦ r❛❝❡❀ t♦
♣✉rs✉❡❀ ❉❙✿ t♦ ❣✉s❤ ❢♦rt❤❀ ✇✐t❤ apa✲ t♦ s❧✐❞❡ ♦✛❀ ✇✐t❤
ati pra✲ t♦ ❛❞✈❛♥❝❡ ❜❡②♦♥❞✱ ✷✷✳
√
taks. ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ❢❛s❤✐♦♥✱ t♦ ❢♦r♠ ✐♥ ♠✐♥❞✱ t♦ ♣r❡✲
♣❛r❡❀ ✇✐t❤ vi✲ t♦ ❝❧❡❛✈❡❀ ❉❙✿ t♦ s❤❛♣❡✱ t♦ ❝❛r✈❡ ♦✉t✱
✷✷✳
√
vājay ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ❉❙✿ t♦ ❡♠♣❧♦②✴♣r❛❝t✐s❡ ❛ r✉s❤ ♦❢ ✈✐❣♦✉r❀ t♦
❡♥❡r❣✐③❡✱ ✷✷✳
√
cyu ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ st✐r✱ t♦ ❛❣✐t❛t❡✱ t♦ s❤❛❦❡❀ t♦ ❢❛❧❧❀
❉❙✿ t♦ ✐♥❞✉❝❡❀ t♦ r❛tt❧❡✱ ✶✷✳
√
inv ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ✐♥❢✉s❡s str❡♥❣t❤✱ t♦ ✐♥✈✐❣♦r❛t❡✱ t♦
✐♠♣❡❧✱ t♦ s♣✉r✱ ✶✶✳
✶✹✶✵ ❱♦❝❛❜✉❧❛r②
√
ūrj ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ❉❙✿ t♦ ✐♥✈✐❣♦r❛t❡✱ ✶✳

√
vaks. ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ❣r♦✇❀ ❉❙✿ t♦ ❜❡❝♦♠❡ str♦♥❣❡r✱ t♦

✇❛① str♦♥❣✱ t♦ ❣r♦✇ str♦♥❣✱ t♦ ✐♥❝r❡❛s❡ ✐♥ ✐♥t❡♥s✐t②✱ t♦

✐♥t❡♥s✐❢②❀ t♦ ♥♦✉r✐s❤✱ ✷✶✳

√
śı̄ ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ r❡♣♦s❡✱ t♦ ❜❡ ❧❛♥❣✉✐❞✱ t♦ ❧❛② ❞♦✇♥✱

t♦ r❡st✱ t♦ ❧✐❡❀ ✇✐t❤ ā✲ t♦ ❧❡❛♥ ❛❣❛✐♥st✱ t♦ r❡st✱ t♦ ❧❛②

✉♣♦♥❀ ✇✐t❤ ni✲ ♣✉t t♦ r❡st✱ ✷✶✳

√
śo ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ✇❤❡t✱ t♦ s❤❛r♣❡♥❀ ❏❇✿ ✇✐t❤ ni✲ t♦

❣r✐♥❞ ❞♦✇♥❀ ❉❙✿ ✇✐t❤ ava✲ t♦ ❜❧✉♥t✱ ✷✶✳

√
śrı̄ ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ♠✐①✱ ✺✳

√
cud ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ✐♠♣❡❧✱ t♦ ✐♥s♣✐r❡✱ t♦ ✐♥❝✐t❡✱ t♦ ❝❛✉s❡

t♦ ♠♦✈❡ q✉✐❝❦❧②✱ t♦ ❛♥✐♠❛t❡✱ t♦ ✉r❣❡ ♦♥✱ t♦ ❤❛st❡♥❀ ✇✐t❤

pra✲ t♦ ❞r✐✈❡❀ ❉❙✿ t♦ s♣✉r✱ ✷✶✳

√
hā ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ s♣r✐♥❣ ❢♦r✇❛r❞❀ t♦ ❜❡t❛❦❡ ♦♥❡✬s s❡❧❢

t♦❀ t♦ ❣✐✈❡ ✇❛②❀t♦ ❛❜❛♥❞♦♥❀ t♦ q✉✐t❀ t♦ ❞✐sr❡❣❛r❞❀ ✇✐t❤

anu✲ t♦ ❢♦❧❧♦✇❀ ✇✐t❤ ni✲ t♦ ❞❡♣r✐✈❡❀ ❉❙✿ ✇✐t❤ ava✲ t♦

❞❡✈✐❛t❡✱ ✷✶✳

√
sic ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ❡♠✐t✱ t♦ ♣♦✉r✱ t♦ ♣♦✉r ♦✉t✱ t♦

s♣r✐♥❦❧❡✱ t♦ ❜❡s♣r✐♥❦❧❡❀ ✇✐t❤ ā✲ t♦ ✇❡t✱ t♦ ♣♦✉r ✐♥❀ ✇✐t❤

ud✲ t♦ ♠❛❦❡ ❢✉❧❧✱ ✷✶✳

√
ah ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ s❛②✱ t♦ ❝♦♥s✐❞❡r✴ t♦ ❝❛❧❧✴t♦ ♥❛♠❡✴t♦

❛❝❦♥♦✇❧❡❞❣❡ ✭♦♥❡ t♦ ❜❡ s✉❝❤ ❛♥❞ s✉❝❤✮❀ ❉❙✿✱ t♦ t❡❧❧✱ ✷✵✳

√
nam ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ❜❡♥❞✱ t♦ s✉❜♠✐t t♦✱ t♦ ❣✐✈❡ ✇❛②❀

❉❙✿ ✇✐t❤ ni✲ t♦ ②✐❡❧❞✱ ✷✵✳

√
ran. ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ t❛❦❡ ♣❧❡❛s✉r❡ ✐♥✱ t♦ ❞❡❧✐❣❤t✱ t♦ ❜❡

❛t ❡❛s❡✱ t♦ r❡❥♦✐❝❡✱ ✷✵✳

√
ruj ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ s❤❛tt❡r✱ t♦ ❜r❡❛❦✱ t♦ ❜r❡❛❦ ♦♣❡♥❀

✇✐t❤ ā✲ t♦ ❞❡♠♦❧✐s❤✱ t♦ ❜r❡❛❦ ✉♣❀ ✇✐t❤ vi✲ t♦ ❜r❡❛❦ ✐♥t♦

♣✐❡❝❡s✱ t♦ s❤❛tt❡r❀ t♦ t❡❛r ❛s✉♥❞❡r❀ ❉❙✿ t♦ ❞✐s✐♥t❡❣r❛t❡✱

t♦ ❝r✉s❤✱ ✷✵✳

√
ks.i ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ❞✇❡❧❧ ♣❡❛❝❡❢✉❧❧②✴q✉✐❡t❧②✱ t♦ r❡s✐❞❡✱

t♦ ❛❜✐❞❡✱ t♦ r❡♠❛✐♥✱ ✶✸✳

❱❛r✐♦✉s ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦ts ✶✹✶✶
√
ās ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ❜❡ ♣r❡s❡♥t✱ t♦ ❛❜✐❞❡❀ t♦ s✐t✱ t♦
❧✐❡❀ ✇✐t❤ pari✲ t♦ ❛ss❡♠❜❧❡ ❛r♦✉♥❞ ♦r ♥❡❛r❀ ✇✐t❤ upa✲ t♦
❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤ r❡s♣❡❝t❢✉❧❧②✱ t♦ ❛tt❡♥❞ t♦✱ ✶✷✳
√
ks.i ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ❤❛✈❡ ♣♦✇❡r ♦✈❡r✱ t♦ ❣♦✈❡r♥✱ t♦ ❜❡
❛ ♠❛st❡r ♦❢✱ ✹✳
√
ks.i ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ❞❡❝r❡❛s❡✱ ✷✳
√
pinv ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ s✇❡❧❧❀ ❉❙✿ t♦ ✢❡s❤ ♦✉t✱ ✶✽✳
√
stambh ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ♣r♦♣✱ t♦ s✉♣♣♦rt✱ t♦ s✉st❛✐♥✱ t♦ ✜①❀
t♦ st♦♣✱ t♦ ❛rr❡st✱ t♦ ♣❛r❛❧✐③❡✱ ✷✶✳
√
hu ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ s♣r✐♥❦❧❡ ♦♥✱ t♦ s❛❝r✐✜❝❡✱ t♦ ♠❛❦❡
❛♥ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣✱ t♦ ♦✛❡r ♦❜❧❛t✐♦♥✱ t♦ ❤♦♥♦r ✭✇✐t❤ ♦✛❡r✐♥❣s✮✱
✶✼✳
√
mam
.h ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ✐♥❝r❡❛s❡✱ t♦ ❜❡st♦✇✱ t♦ ❣r❛♥t✱ ✶✼✳
√
nabh ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ❜✉rst✱ t♦ t❡❛r✱ ✶✼✳
√
pad ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ✢②❀ t♦ ❢❛❧❧✱ t♦ ❢❛❧❧ ❞♦✇♥✱ t♦ ❢❛❧❧ ♦✉t❀
❉❙✿ ✇✐t❤ ni- t♦ r❡❝❡❞❡✱ ✽✳
√
rāj ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ r❡✐❣♥✱ t♦ r✉❧❡✱ t♦ ❣♦✈❡r♥❀ ✇✐t❤ vi✲
t♦ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t❡✱ ✶✻✳
√
dru ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ r✉s❤✱ t♦ ❤❛st❡♥✱ t♦ ❤❛st❡✱ ✶✸✳
√
naks. ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤✱ t♦ ❛rr✐✈❡✱ t♦ ❝♦♠❡✱ t♦
❣❡t t♦❀ ❉❙✿ t♦ r❡❛❝❤✱ t♦ ❛tt❛✐♥✱ ✶✻✳
√
rā ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ❣r❛♥t✱ t♦ ②✐❡❧❞✱ t♦ ✐♠♣❛rt✱ t♦ ❣✐✈❡✱
✶✻✳
√
rı̄ ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ r❡❧❡❛s❡✱ s❡t ❢r❡❡✱ ❧❡t ❣♦❀ ✇✐t❤ ni- t♦
s❝❛tt❡r❀ ✇✐t❤ vi- t♦ s❡✈❡r❡❀ ✇✐t❤ sam- t♦ r❡♣❛✐r✱ ✶✺✳
√
ruh ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ r✐s❡✱ t♦ ❛s❝❡♥❞❀ t♦ ❢❛st❡♥ t♦❀ ✇✐t❤
ā- t♦ ♠♦✉♥t✱ t♦ ✈❡♥t✉r❡ ✉♣♦♥❀ ✇✐t❤ vi- t♦ s♣r♦✉t❀ ❉❙✿
✇✐t❤ anu- t♦ t❡♥❞ t♦✇❛r❞s❀ ✶✻✳
√
vip ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ q✉✐✈❡r✱ t♦ ✈✐❜r❛t❡❀ ❉❙✿ t♦ ❞✐st✉r❜✱
t♦ st✐r✱ ✶✻✳
√
dabh ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ❞❡❝❡✐✈❡❀ t♦ ❛❜❛♥❞♦♥❀ t♦ ❞❡str♦②❀
❉❙✿ t♦ tr✐❝❦✱ ✶✺✳
✶✹✶✷ ❱♦❝❛❜✉❧❛r②
√
kram ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ st❡♣✱ t♦ str✐❞❡❀ ✇✐t❤ ava✲ t♦ ❞❡✲
s❝❡♥❞❀ ✇✐t❤ upa✲ t♦ ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤❀ ❉❙✿ t♦ ♣r♦❝❡❡❞ ✐♥ st❡♣s✱
t♦ s❡t ♦✉t✱ ✶✺✳
√
mr...d ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ❉❙✿ t♦ ❜❡ ❦✐♥❞ t♦❀ ▼❲✿ t♦ tr❡❛t ❦✐♥❞❧②✱ t♦
❜❡ ❢❛✈♦✉r❛❜❧❡ t♦✱ t♦ ♣❛r❞♦♥✱ ✶✺✳
√
ruc ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ❜r✐❣❤t❡♥✱ t♦ s❤✐♥❡❀ ✇✐t❤ pra✲ t♦
♠❛❦❡ ❛♣♣❛r❡♥t✱ t♦ ✐❧❧✉♠✐♥❛t❡✱ ✶✺✳
√
vis. ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ♣❡r❢♦r♠✱ t♦ ✇♦r❦✱ t♦ ❞♦❀ t♦ s✉❜❞✉❡❀
t♦ ❜❡ ❝♦♥t❛✐♥❡❞ ✐♥❀ ❉❙✿ t♦ t❛❦❡ ❝❛r❡ ♦❢✱ ✶✺✳
√
śnath ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ♣✐❡r❝❡✱ t♦ str✐❦❡❀ ❉❙✿ t♦ tr❛♥s✜①✱
t♦ s♣❧✐t❀ ✇✐t❤ ni✲ t♦ ♣❡♥❡tr❛t❡✱ ❏❇✿ t♦ ❥❛❜ ✶✹✳
√
bhuj ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ♠❛❦❡ ✉s❡ ♦❢✱ t♦ ✉s❡✱ t♦ ❡♥❥♦②❀ ✇✐t❤
pari✲ t♦ ❡♥❝♦♠♣❛ss✱ t♦ ❡♠❜r❛❝❡✱ ✾✳
√
bhūs. ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ✉s❡ ❡✛♦rts✱ t♦ s❡❡❦ t♦ ♦❜t❛✐♥✱ t♦
s❡❡❦ t♦ ❛tt❡♥❞✱ t♦ ❛tt❡♥❞ t♦✱ ✇✐t❤ pari✲ t♦ s✉r♣❛ss ✐♥❀
✇✐t❤ upa✲ t♦ ❜❡ ❝❛r❡❢✉❧✱ t♦ r❡❣❛r❞ ❛s✱ ✶✹✳
√
dhū ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ s❤❛❦❡ ♦✛❀ t♦ ❢❛♥❀ ✇✐t❤ pra✲ t♦ ❜❧♦✇✱
✶✹✳
√
hary ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ❜❡ ♣❧❡❛s❡❞✱ t♦ ❡♥❥♦②✱ t♦ ❞❡❧✐❣❤t ✐♥❀
✇✐t❤ prati✲ t♦ ❧♦♥❣ ❢♦r❀ ✇✐t❤ abhi✲ t♦ ❧♦♥❣ ❢♦r✱ ✶✹✳
√
mr.dh ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ♥❡❣❧❡❝t✱ t♦ ❢♦rs❛❦❡✱ t♦ ❛❜❛♥❞♦♥✱ ✻✳
√
prach ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ❛s❦✱ t♦ ✐♥q✉✐r❡✱ t♦ q✉❡st✐♦♥✱ t♦
s❡❡❦✱ ✶✹✳
√
sapary ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ❛tt❡♥❞ t♦✱ ✶✹✳
√
śravasy ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ❉❙✿ t♦ ❡♠♣❧♦②✴t♦ ❜❡ ❧✐❦❡ ❛♥ ❛✉❞✐t♦r② ✐♠✲
♣r❡ss✐♦♥✱ ✾✳
√
śvi ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ s✇❡❧❧❀ ❉❙✿ t♦ ❣r♦✇✱ ✶✸✳
√
aj ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ❞r✐✈❡✱ ❉❙✿ t♦ r❛❧❧②✱ t♦ ❤❡r❞❀ ▼❲✿
✇✐t❤ sam✲ t♦ ❜r✐♥❣ ✐♥t♦ ❝♦♥✢✐❝t❀ ❉❙✿ ✇✐t❤ ā✲ t♦ ❤❛st❡♥✱
✶✾✳
❱❛r✐♦✉s ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦ts ✶✹✶✸
√
caks. ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ❧♦♦❦✱ t♦ s❡❡✱ t♦ ♦❜s❡r✈❡✱ t♦ ♥♦t✐❝❡❀
❉❙✿ t♦ s♣♦t✱ ♥♦t✐❝❡❀ t♦ ❢♦❧❧♦✇ ✇✐t❤ ❣❛③❡✱ t♦ ❦❡❡♣ ✐♥ s✐❣❤t❀
✇✐t❤ abhi✲ t♦ ❛❞❞r❡ss✱ t♦ ❝❛st ❛ ❦✐♥❞ ❧♦♦❦❀ ❉❙✿ t♦ ❜❡❤♦❧❞❀
▼❲✿ ✇✐t❤ sam✲ t♦ ♦❜s❡r✈❡✱ t♦ r❡❧❛t❡ ❢✉❧❧②❀ ✇✐t❤ prati✲
t♦ ♣❡r❝❡✐✈❡❀ ✇✐t❤ vi✲ t♦ ♠❛❦❡ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st❀ t♦ s❡❡ ❝❧❡❛r❧②✱
✷✸✳
√
krand ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ❝❛❧❧ ♦✉t✱ t♦ ♥❡✐❣❤✱ t♦ ❝r②❀ ❉❙✿ t♦
❜❡❧❧♦✇✱ t♦ r❡✈❡r❜❡r❛t❡✱ t♦ ❤♦✇❧✱ ✶✸✳
√
pr.c ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ s❛t❡✱ t♦ ♠✐①✱ t♦ ❣✐✈❡ ❧❛✈✐s❤❧②✱ t♦
♣✉t t♦❣❡t❤❡r❀ ✇✐t❤ ā✲ t♦ ♣❡r✈❛❞❡❀ ✇✐t❤ sam✲ t♦ ❝♦♥♥❡❝t❀
✇✐t❤ vi✲ t♦ s❡♣❛r❛t❡✱ ✶✸✳
√
tr.p ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ s❛t✐s❢②✱ t♦ s❛t✐❛t❡✱ t♦ ❜❡ ♣❧❡❛s❡❞✱
✶✸✳
√
pac ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ r♦❛st✱ t♦ ❝♦♦❦✱ t♦ r✐♣❡♥✱ t♦ ♠❛t✉r❡✱
t♦ ❜r✐♥❣ t♦ ❝♦♠♣❧❡t✐♦♥✱ t♦ ❞❡✈❡❧♦♣✱ ✶✸✳
√
rej ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ tr❡♠❜❧❡✱ t♦ q✉✐✈❡r✱ t♦ s❤❛❦❡✱ t♦
s❤✉❞❞❡r✱ ✶✸✳
√
ej ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ s❤❛❦❡✱ t♦ tr❡♠❜❧❡✱ t♦ r❛✐s❡ ✭❞✉st✮✱
✼✳
√
ris. ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ❢❛✐❧✱ t♦ ♠❡❡t ✇✐t❤ ♠✐s❢♦rt✉♥❡✱ t♦
❜❡ ❧♦st❀ t♦ ❤❛r♠✱ t♦ ❤✉rt✱ ✶✸✳
√
tuj ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ❉❙✿ t♦ ❢♦❝✉s✱ t♦ ❝♦❧❧❡❝t✱ t♦ ❝♦♥❝❡♥tr❛t❡✱ t♦
❜r✐♥❣ t♦ ❢♦r❡✱ ✶✸✳
√
vr..s ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ r❛✐♥✱ t♦ ♣♦✉r✱ t♦ s❤❡❞❀ ❏❇✿ t♦
❞r❡♥❝❤❀ ❉❙✿ t♦ ✐♠♣r❡❣♥❛t❡✱ ✶✸✳
√
radh ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ♠❛❦❡ s✉❜❥❡❝t t♦✱ t♦ s✉❜♠✐t✱ t♦
s✉❝❝✉♠❜✱ t♦ s✉❜❞✉❡✱ ✶✷✳
√
randh ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ♠❛❦❡ ❛ s✉❜❥❡❝t t♦✱ t♦ s✉❜❥❡❝t ✶✶✳
√
tr.d ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ♣✐❡r❝❡✱ t♦ ❝❧❡❛✈❡✱ t♦ s♣❧✐t ♦♣❡♥✱ t♦
❧❡t ♦✉t❀ ❉❙✿ t♦ ✉♥❧❡❛s❤ ✶✷✳
√
vraśc ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ❝✉t ♦✛❀ ❉❙✿ t♦ s❡✈❡r❡✱ t♦ s♣❧✐♥t❡r✱
t♦ ❜r❡❛❦❀ ▼❲✿ ✇✐t❤ vi✲ t♦ ❤❡✇✴ t♦ ❜r❡❛❦ ✐♥t♦ ♣✐❡❝❡s✱
✶✷✳
✶✹✶✹ ❱♦❝❛❜✉❧❛r②
√
pis. ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ❝r✉s❤❀ ✇✐t❤ sam✲ t♦ s❤❛tt❡r✱ t♦
❜r❡❛❦ ✐♥t♦ ♣✐❡❝❡s✱ t♦ ❝r✉s❤✱ t♦ ♣♦✉♥❞✱ ✾✳
√
śubh ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ❛❞♦r♥✱ ❉❙✿ t♦ ❡♥❤❛♥❝❡❀ t♦ r❡✐♥✲
❢♦r❝❡✱ ✶✶✳
√
ad ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ❝♦♥s✉♠❡✱ t♦ ❡❛t✱ ✶✶✳
√
gavy ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ♦♥❧② ✐♥ ♣❛rt✐❝✐♣❧❡ gavyant❀ ❉❙✿ t♦ ❡♠✲
♣❧♦②✴t♦ ❞❡s✐r❡✴t♦ s❡❡❦✴t♦ ❜❡ ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥✐❡❞ ❜② ❡✈♦❝❛t✐✈❡
❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s✴❝♦✇s✱ ✶✶✳
√
grah ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ❣r❛s♣✱ t♦ s❡✐③❡✱ t♦ t❛❦❡ t❤❡ s✐❞❡ ♦❢❀
✇✐t❤ sam✲ t♦ ❣❡t ❤♦❧❞ ♦❢❀ ✇✐t❤ prati✲ t♦ ❛❝❝❡♣t✱ t♦ ❣❡t
❤♦❧❞ ♦❢❀ ✇✐t❤ pari✲ t♦ ❡♥✈❡❧♦♣❡❀ ✇✐t❤ vi✲ t♦ s❡♣❛r❛t❡✱ ✶✸✳
√
nid ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ r✐❞✐❝✉❧❡✱ t♦ ❜❧❛♠❡✱ ✷✳
√
pū ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ♣✉r✐❢②✱ t♦ r❡✜♥❡✱ t♦ ❞✐st✐❧✱ t♦ ❜❡✲
❝♦♠❡ ♣✉r❡✱ ✶✶✳
√
raks. ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ♣r♦t❡❝t✱ t♦ ❣✉❛r❞✱ ✶✶✳
√
vyac ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ❝♦♥t❛✐♥✱ t♦ ❡♥❝♦♠♣❛ss✱ t♦ ❡♠❜r❛❝❡❀
✇✐t❤ sam✲ t♦ ❝♦❧❧❡❝t ✶✶✳
√
gr.bhāy ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ s❡✐③❡✱ t♦ ❣r❛s♣❀ ✇✐t❤ prati✲ t♦ r❡✲
❝❡✐✈❡❀ ✇✐t❤ sam t♦ ❣r❛s♣ ❛❧t♦❣❡t❤❡r❀ t♦ ❛❝❝❡♣t✱ ✶✵✳
√
nud ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ♣✉s❤✱ t♦ r❡♠♦✈❡✱ t♦ t❤r✉st❀ ✇✐t❤
apa✲ t♦ r❡♠♦✈❡❀ ✇✐t❤ vi✲ t♦ ❞✐s♣❡❧✱ ✶✵✳
√
pus. ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ❢♦st❡r✱ t♦ ♥♦✉r✐s❤❀ t♦ ✢♦✉r✐s❤✱ ✶✵✳
√
rabh ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ❣❡t ♣♦ss❡ss✐♦♥ ♦❢✱ t♦ t❛❦❡ ❤♦❧❞ ♦❢✱
t♦ ❣r❛s♣❀ ✇✐t❤ ā✲ t♦ ❣❛✐♥ ❛ ❢♦♦t✐♥❣✱ t♦ ❝❧✐♥❣ t♦✱ ✶✵✳
√
str. ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ str❡✇✱ t♦ s♣r❡❛❞✱ t♦ s❝❛tt❡r✱ ❉❙✿
t♦ ❞✐s♣❡rs❡❀ ▼❲✿ ✇✐t❤ ni✲ t♦ ♦✈❡rt❤r♦✇✱ t♦ t❤r✇ ❞♦✇♥✱
✶✵✳
√
ūh ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ♣✉s❤✱ ✷✳
√
is. ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ s❡♥❞ ♦✛✱ t♦ s❡♥❞✱ t♦ ❝❛st✱ t♦ ❝❛✉s❡
t♦ ♠♦✈❡ q✉✐❝❦❧②❀ t♦ ❛♥✐♠❛t❡✱ t♦ ✐♥❝✐t❡✱ ✶✵✳
√
ı̄s. ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ❤❛st❡♥✱ t♦ ✢❡❡❀ t♦ ❛tt❛❝❦❀ ✇✐t❤ upa-
t♦ ❛♠❜✉s❤✱ ✶✵✳
❱❛r✐♦✉s ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦ts ✶✹✶✺
√
jū ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ♣r❡ss ❢♦r✇❛r❞s✱ t♦ ❤✉rr②✱ t♦ ✐♥❝✐t❡✱
t♦ ❞r✐✈❡ ♦♥✱ ✶✵✳
√
ci ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ♣✐❧❡❀ ✇✐t❤ vi✲ t♦ ❞✐s♣❡rs❡✱ t♦ r♦❧❧
♦✉t ✭❞✐❝❡✮✱ ✺✳
√
dhāv ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ r✉♥✱ t♦ str❡❛♠❀ ❉❙✿ t♦ ❤❛st❡♥❀
▼❲✿ ✇✐t❤ vi✲ t♦ r✉♥ t❤r♦✉❣❤✱ t♦ tr✐❝❦❧❡ t❤r♦✉❣❤✱ ✽✳
√
dhāv ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ❝❧❡❛♥s❡✱ ✶✳
√
diś ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ♣♦✐♥t ♦✉t✱ t♦ ❞✐r❡❝t✱ t♦ ❛ss✐❣♥ t♦❀
❉❙✿ t♦ ✐♥❞✐❝❛t❡❀ ▼❲✿ ✇✐t❤ ā✲ t♦ ❛✐♠✱ t♦ s❡t ❛✐♠✱ ✾✳
√
khyā ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ❉❙✿ t♦ ❞❡t❡❝t✱ t♦ ♦❜s❡r✈❡✱ t♦ s❡❡❀ ▼❲✿ ✇✐t❤
ati✲ t♦ ♦✈❡r❧♦♦❦❀ ✇✐t❤ abhi✲ t♦ ♣❡r❝❡✐✈❡✱ t♦ ❞✐s❝❡r♥❀ ✇✐t❤
pari✲ t♦ ♦✈❡r❧♦♦❦❀ ✇✐t❤ vi✲ t♦ ❧♦♦❦ ❛t✴❛r♦✉♥❞✱ t♦ ♠❛❦❡
❦♥♦✇♥✱ ✶✷✳
√
mih ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ❡♠✐t ❛❜✉♥❞❛♥t❧②❀ ✇✐t❤ ni✲ t♦ ✈♦✐❞
✐♥s✐❞❡✱ ✺✳
√
mus.āy ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ st❡❛❧✱ t♦ ❝❛rr② ♦✛✴❛✇❛②✱ t♦ r♦❜❀
❏❇✿ t♦ ❞❡s♣♦✐❧✱ ✾✳
√
vyadh ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ♣✐❡r❝❡✱ t♦ t❛✐♥t❀ ✇✐t❤ pra✲ t♦ ❝❛st❀
❉❙✿ ✇✐t❤ ni✲ t♦ ♣✐♥ ❞♦✇♥✱ ✽✳
√
vidh ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ♣✐❡r❝❡✱ ✶✳
√
vidh ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ❜❡r❡❢t ♦❢✱ ✶✳
√
.rdh ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ s✉❝❝❡❡❞✱ t♦ ♣r♦♠♦t❡❀ ❉❙✿ t♦ ❢✉❧❧✐❧
✭❛ ❞❡s✐r❡✮✱ ✻✳
√
śr.dh ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ❞❡❢②✱ t♦ ♠♦❝❦✱ ✽✳
√
śri ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ❝❧✐♥❣✱ t♦ ✜①✱ t♦ r❡s♦rt t♦✱ ✼✳
√
śuc ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ s✉✛❡r ✈✐♦❧❡♥t ♣❛✐♥✱ t♦ s❤✐♥❡✱ t♦
❜❧❛③❡❀ ❉❙✿ ✇✐t❤ pra✲ t♦ ♠❛♥✐❢❡st✱ ✽✳
√
añj ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ s♠❡❛r✱ t♦ ❛♥♦✐♥t✱ t♦ ♠❛❞❡ t♦ ❛♣✲
♣❡❛r✱ ✽✳
√
āp ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ♦✈❡rt❛❦❡✱ t♦ ♦❜t❛✐♥✱ t♦ r❡❛❝❤✱ t♦
♠❡❡t✱ t♦ ❣❛✐♥✱ ✽✳
✶✹✶✻ ❱♦❝❛❜✉❧❛r②
√
chad ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ s❡❡♠✱ t♦ ❛♣♣❡❛r✱ t♦ ❜❡ ❝♦♥s✐❞❡r❡❞
❛s✱ ✻✳
√
chad ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ❤✐❞❡✱ ✶✳
√
dham ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ❜❧♦✇❀ ✇✐t❤ nis✲ t♦ ❜❧❛st ♦✉t❀ t♦
❜❧♦✇ ♦✉t❀ ✇✐t❤ apa✲ t♦ ❜❧♦✇ ♦✉t✱ t♦ ❜❧♦✇ ❛✇❛②✱ ✽✳
√
dhanv ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ r✉♥✱ t♦ ✢♦✇❀ ❉❙✿ t♦ s♣r✐♥❣✱ t♦
❤❛st❡♥✱ ✽✳
√
hr..s ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ❜❡ ✐♠♣❛t✐❡♥t ❢♦r✱ t♦ ❜❡ ❡①❝✐t❡❞✱ t♦
❡①❝✐t❡❀ ✇✐t❤ ud✲ t♦ ❜❡ ❜r✐s❦✱ ✽✳
√
ı̄d. ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ✐♠♣❧♦r❡✱ t♦ ❛s❦✱ ✽✳
√
ru ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ❤♦✇❧✱ t♦ r♦❛r✱ t♦ ❜❡❧❧♦✇✱ ✽✳
√
tap ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ✇❛r♠✱ t♦ ❤❡❛t✱ t♦ ❜✉r♥✱ t♦ ❞❡str♦②
❜② ❤❡❛t❀ t♦ t♦r♠❡♥t✱ ✽✳
√
śvas ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ❤✐ss✱ t♦ s♥♦rt❀ ❉❙✿ ✇✐t❤ upa✲ t♦
❣❛s♣ ❢♦r ❛✐r✱ ✸✳
√
āś ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ♦❜t❛✐♥✱ t♦ r❡❛❝❤❀ t♦ ❛tt❛✐♥❀ t♦ ❜❡❡✲
q✉❛❧ t♦✱ ✼✳
√
br.h ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ♣✉❧❧❀ ✇✐t❤ ni✲ t♦ ♦✈❡rt❤r♦✇❀ ❉❙✿ t♦
♣✉❧❧ ✐♥❀ ✇✐t❤ vi✲ t♦ ✇♦❜❜❧❡❀ ✇✐t❤ pra✲ t♦ t❡❛r ♦✛✱ ✼✳
√
dr.m
.h ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ♠❛❦❡ ✜r♠✱ t♦ str❡♥❣t❤❡♥❀ ❉❙✿ t♦
❤❛r❞❡♥✱ ✼✳
√
dagh ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ❏❇✿ ✇✐t❤ ati✲ t♦ ♣❛ss ❜②✱ ✼✳
√
dah ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ❜✉r♥✱ t♦ s❝♦r❝❤❀ ✇✐t❤ ava✲ t♦ ❡①♣❡❧
✇✐t❤ ❤❡❛t❀ ✇✐t❤ ni✲ t♦ ❜✉r♥ ❞♦✇♥❀ ✇✐t❤ nis✲ t♦ ❜✉r♥ ♦✉t✱
✼✳
√
dam ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ t❛♠❡✱ t♦ s✉❜❞✉❡✱ ✹✳
√
ghas ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ❝♦♥s✉♠❡✱ t♦ ❡❛t✱ t♦ ❞❡✈♦✉r✱ ✼✳
√
mr.n. ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ❝r✉s❤✱ ✼✳
√
sū ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ❜r✐♥❣ ❢♦rt❤✱ t♦ ❜❡❣❡t❀ ✇✐t❤ ā✲ t♦
❛ss✐❣♥✱ ✻✳
√
śr̄. ✈❡r❜❛❧ r♦♦t✱ ▼❲✿ t♦ ❝r✉s❤✱ t♦ ❝✉t ♦✛✱ t♦ ❜r❡❛❦❀ ✇✐t❤ vi✲
t♦ ❢❛❧❧ ❛♣❛rt✱ ✻✳
■♥❞❡①
áks.a✱ ✶✸✽✻ anyát✱ ✶✸✾✹ arvāvát✱ ✶✸✾✻
aks.á✱ ✶✸✽✻ áp✱ ✶✸✻✺ av ✱ ✶✹✵✵
√

áks.ita✱ ✶✸✼✵ apratı́✱ ✶✸✻✽ avatá✱ ✶✸✾✵

Agnı́✱ ✶✸✹✼ apará✱ ✶✸✾✺ avadyá✱ ✶✸✽✽
agnı́✱ ✶✸✽✽ ápara✱ ✶✸✾✺ aváni✱ ✶✸✽✽
ágra✱ ✶✸✾✹ ápas✱ ✶✸✼✹ ávara✱ ✶✸✾✺
aghá✱ ✶✸✺✷ apás✱ ✶✸✽✾ ávas✱ ✶✸✻✾
áṅgiras✱ ✶✸✺✸ ápratı̄ta✱ ✶✸✻✸ avitŕ.✱ ✶✸✻✾
añc✱ ✶✸✾✸ ábhaya✱ ✶✸✻✾ anyaká✱ ✶✸✾✹
ácyuta✱ ✶✸✻✽ abhı́tas✱ ✶✸✾✻ avratá✱ ✶✸✺✷
aj ✱ ✶✹✶✷ abhı́māti✱ ✶✸✺✷ aś ✱ ✶✹✵✺
√ √

ajára✱ ✶✸✻✶ abhı́bhūti✱ ✶✸✺✾ aś ✱ ✶✹✵✺

√

ajuryá✱ ✶✸✻✶ abhı́śasti✱ ✶✸✺✷ aśáni✱ ✶✸✾✵

añj ✱ ✶✹✶✺ abhis..tı́✱ ✶✸✻✾ áśasti✱ ✶✸✺✷
√

Atithigvá✱ ✶✸✽✺ abh´ı̄ka✱ ✶✸✼✷ aśús.a✱ ✶✸✽✷

átka✱ ✶✸✼✸ áma✱ ✶✸✻✵ áśman✱ ✶✸✽✾
átya✱ ✶✸✽✼ amáti✱ ✶✸✽✵ áśman✱ ✶✸✾✵
Átri✱ ✶✸✽✺ ámati✱ ✶✸✽✵ áśva✱ ✶✸✽✻
átharvan✱ ✶✸✺✸ ámatra✱ ✶✸✻✵ Aśvı́n✱ ✶✸✹✾
ad ✱ ✶✹✶✹
√
ámatra✱ ✶✸✺✼ áśvya✱ ✶✸✽✼
Áditi✱ ✶✸✹✾ ámarta✱ ✶✸✺✵ ás.ā..dha✱ ✶✸✻✹
ádeva✱ ✶✸✺✷ ámartya✱ ✶✸✺✵ as ✱ ✶✸✾✽
√

ádevı̄✱ ✶✸✺✷ ámitra✱ ✶✸✺✷ ásama✱ ✶✸✻✺

adyám✱ ✶✸✾✺ amŕ.ta✱ ✶✸✺✵ ásāmi✱ ✶✸✾✵
ádri✱ ✶✸✽✾ áram✱ ✶✸✾✷ ásura✱ ✶✸✹✾
ádri✱ ✶✸✽✸ árāti✱ ✶✸✺✷ asuryà✱ ✶✸✹✾
ádrivat✱ ✶✸✻✶ arı́✱ ✶✸✼✶ ásta✱ ✶✸✽✹
ádhara✱ ✶✸✾✻ arus.á✱ ✶✸✽✽ ástr.✱ ✶✸✼✸
adharā´t✱ ✶✸✾✸ arká✱ ✶✸✺✹ ástr.ta✱ ✶✸✻✸
arc ✱ ✶✹✵✸ asmā´ka✱ ✶✸✾✵
√
ádhvan✱ ✶✸✽✺
adhvará✱ ✶✸✺✷ árn.ava✱ ✶✸✻✼ ah ✱ ✶✹✶✵
√

adhvaryú✱ ✶✸✺✸ árn.as✱ ✶✸✻✼ áhan✱ ✶✸✾✺

anavadyá✱ ✶✸✻✺ ártha✱ ✶✸✽✵ áhar✱ ✶✸✾✺
ánas✱ ✶✸✽✻ árdha✱ ✶✸✾✻ áhi✱ ✶✸✺✶
ánı̄ka✱ ✶✸✼✺ ardhá✱ ✶✸✾✻ āṅgūs.a✱ ✶✸✺✹
ánedya✱ ✶✸✻✸ Árbuda✱ ✶✸✺✵ ājı́✱ ✶✸✼✷
ánta✱ ✶✸✾✸ aryá✱ ✶✸✻✶ Ādityá✱ ✶✸✺✵
antár✱ ✶✸✾✸ Aryamán✱ ✶✸✹✾ ānus.ák✱ ✶✸✾✸
antáriks.a✱ ✶✸✻✼ árvat✱ ✶✸✽✻ āp ✱ ✶✹✶✺
√

andhá✱ ✶✸✽✸ árvan✱ ✶✸✽✻ āpı́✱ ✶✸✼✷

ándhas✱ ✶✸✺✻ arvā´k✱ ✶✸✾✸ āyasá✱ ✶✸✼✸
ánna✱ ✶✸✽✽ arvā´c✱ ✶✸✾✸ āyú✱ ✶✸✼✶
anyá✱ ✶✸✾✹ arvācı̄ná✱ ✶✸✾✸ āyú✱ ✶✸✽✸

✶✹✶✼
✶✹✶✽ ■◆❉❊❳
ā´yudha✱ ✶✸✼✸ ūtı́✱ ✶✸✻✾ Kuśiká✱ ✶✸✽✺
ā´yus✱ ✶✸✻✽ ūrj ✱ ✶✹✶✵ kr. ✱ ✶✸✾✽
√ √

ārā´t✱ ✶✸✾✻ ´rj✱ ✶✸✻✺

ū kr.t✱ ✶✸✼✹
āré✱ ✶✸✾✻ ūrdhvá✱ ✶✸✾✺ kr.tá✱ ✶✸✼✹
ā´rya✱ ✶✸✼✵ ūrmı́✱ ✶✸✻✼ kr.tnu✱ ✶✸✼✹
āvı́s✱ ✶✸✼✹ ūrvá✱ ✶✸✾✷ kr..s.tı́✱ ✶✸✽✹
āś ✱ ✶✹✶✻ ūh ✱ ✶✸✽✵ kr..sn.á✱ ✶✸✽✾
√ √

ūh ✱ ✶✹✶✹ ketú✱ ✶✸✼✽

√
āśı́r✱ ✶✸✺✼
.r ✱ ✶✹✵✻ kévala✱ ✶✸✻✸
√
āśú✱ ✶✸✽✻
ās ✱ ✶✹✶✶ .ŕkvan✱ √✶✸✺✸ kóśa✱ ✶✸✻✽✱ ✶✸✾✵
√

i ✱ ✶✸✾✾ ✱ ✶✸✺✾ krátu✱ ✶✸✻✷

√
.rghāy
r.c ✱ ✶✹✵✺ krand ✱ ✶✹✶✸
√ √
ı́ti✱ ✶✸✾✼
.ŕc✱ ✶✸✺✺ kram ✱ ✶✹✶✷
√
iná✱ ✶✸✻✺
Índu✱ ✶✸✹✼ .ŕcı̄s.ama✱ ✶✸✻✺ ks.atrá✱ ✶✸✻✸
Índra✱ ✶✸✹✼
R. jı́śvan✱ ✶✸✽✺ ks.ám✱ ✶✸✽✾
r.jı̄s.ı́n✱ ✶✸✼✵ ks.áya✱ ✶✸✽✹
indriyá✱ ✶✸✻✸
.rjrá✱ ✶✸✽✻ ks.ar ✱ ✶✸✽✼
√
inv ✱ ✶✹✵✾
√

is. ✱ ✶✸✽✷✱ ✶✹✶✹

√ .rn.á✱ ✶✸✼✹ ks.ā✱ ✶✸✽✾
´
.rtá✱ ✶✸✻✼ ks.i ✱ ✶✹✶✵
√
ı́s.✱ ✶✸✺✼
.rtú✱ ✶✸✺✷ ks.i ✱ ✶✹✶✶
√
ı́s.a✱ ✶✸✺✾
.rtuth√ā´✱ ✶✸✺✸ ks.i ✱ ✶✹✶✶
√
is.itá✱ ✶✸✼✶
is..tı́✱ ✶✸✼✸ .rdh ✱ ✶✹✶✺ ks.itı́✱ ✶✸✽✹
.ŕdhak✱ ✶✸✾✸ ks.étra✱ ✶✸✽✼
is..tı́✱ ✶✸✽✾
.rbhú✱ ✶✸✼✶ ks.éma✱ ✶✸✽✵
ı̄d. ✱ ✶✹✶✻
√
.ŕ.si✱ ✶✸✺✸ khyā ✱ ✶✹✶✺
√
ı̄r ✱ ✶✹✵✽
√
.r.svá✱ ✶✸✼✵ gan.á✱ ✶✸✼✷
ı̄ś ✱ ✶✹✵✽
√
éka✱ ✶✸✾✼ gábhasti✱ ✶✸✽✷
´ı̄śāna✱ ✶✸✻✹
étaśa✱ ✶✸✹✼ gabhı̄rá✱ ✶✸✾✵
ı̄śāná✱ ✶✸✼✶ éva✱ ✶✸✼✹ gam ✱ ✶✹✵✵
√
ı̄s. ✱ ✶✹✶✹
√
ókas✱ ✶✸✽✹ gárbha✱ ✶✸✼✺
ukthá✱ ✶✸✺✹ ójas✱ ✶✸✺✾ gavy ✱ ✶✹✶✹
√
ukthı́n✱ ✶✸✼✶ ójis..tha✱ ✶✸✺✾ gávya✱ ✶✸✽✽
ukthyà✱ ✶✸✻✺ Kán.va✱ ✶✸✽✺ gā ✱ ✶✹✵✻
√
ugrá✱ ✶✸✺✾ kan ✱ ✶✹✵✽
√
gātú✱ ✶✸✽✺
ūta✱ ✶✸✼✹ kárn.a✱ ✶✸✽✸ gāyatrá✱ ✶✸✺✹
úttara✱ ✶✸✾✻ kartr.✱ ✶✸✼✹ gı́r✱ ✶✸✺✹
upamá✱ ✶✸✾✹ kárman✱ ✶✸✼✹ girı́✱ ✶✸✽✾
úpara✱ ✶✸✾✹ kaláśa✱ ✶✸✺✼ gı́rvan.as✱ ✶✸✻✺
ubhá✱ ✶✸✾✼ kavı́✱ ✶✸✺✸ guhā´✱ ✶✸✽✻
ubháya✱ ✶✸✾✼ kā´ma✱ ✶✸✽✵ gr.bhāy ✱ ✶✹✶✹
√

urú✱ ✶✸✾✷ kā´mya✱ ✶✸✽✵ gr.há✱ ✶✸✽✹

urvárā✱ ✶✸✽✹ kārú✱ ✶✸✺✸ gr̄. ✱ ✶✹✵✷
√

urv´ı̄✱ ✶✸✾✸ kāvyá✱ ✶✸✺✺ gr̄. ✱ ✶✹✵✷

√

Uśanas✱ ✶✸✽✺ kuks.ı́✱ ✶✸✻✾ gai ✱ ✶✹✵✼

√

us.ás✱ ✶✸✹✽ Kútsa✱ ✶✸✽✺ gó✱ ✶✸✺✹

usrı́yā✱ ✶✸✻✼ kúyava✱ ✶✸✺✵ gotrá✱ ✶✸✽✸
■◆❉❊❳ ✶✹✶✾

gopā´✱ ✶✸✽✼ jū ✱ ✶✹✶✺ dadı́✱ ✶✸✼✻

√

gómat✱ ✶✸✽✽ jūtá✱ ✶✸✽✾ dabh ✱ ✶✹✶✶

√

grah ✱ ✶✹✶✹ jyés..tha✱ ✶✸✻✹ Dabh´ı̄ti✱ ✶✸✽✺

√

grā´van✱ ✶✸✺✸ jyótis✱ ✶✸✼✽ dabhrá✱ ✶✸✾✶

ghaná✱ ✶✸✻✶ jráyas✱ ✶✸✾✷ dam ✱ ✶✹✶✻
√

ghas ✱ ✶✹✶✻ taks. ✱ ✶✹✵✾ ej ✱ ✶✹✶✸

√ √ √

ghr.tá✱ ✶✸✺✻ tan ✱ ✶✹✵✼ dám✱ ✶✸✽✹

√

ghós.a✱ ✶✸✼✸ tán✱ ✶✸✾✶ day ✱ ✶✸✼✼

√

cakrá✱ ✶✸✽✻ tánaya✱ ✶✸✽✸ dáśa✱ ✶✸✾✼

caks. ✱ ✶✹✶✸ ´✱ ✶✸✾✵ dasmá✱ ✶✸✻✹
√
tanū
cáks.as✱ ✶✸✽✸ tap ✱ ✶✹✶✻ dásyu✱ ✶✸✺✶
√

catúr✱ ✶✸✾✼ támas✱ ✶✸✼✽ dah ✱ ✶✹✶✻

√

candrá✱ ✶✸✼✽ tárutra✱ ✶✸✼✵ dā ✱ ✶✸✼✼

√

camū ´✱ ✶✸✺✼ tavás✱ ✶✸✻✶ dā✱ ✶✸✼✼

car ✱ ✶✹✵✵ tavis.á✱ ✶✸✻✹ dā´tr.✱ ✶✸✼✻
√

cars.an.ı́✱ ✶✸✽✵ távis.ı̄✱ ✶✸✻✹ dāná✱ ✶✸✼✻

cā´ru✱ ✶✸✽✶ tigmá✱ ✶✸✼✸ dā´nu✱ ✶✸✼✻
ci ✱ ✶✸✼✾ tı̄vrá✱ ✶✸✺✼ dā´van✱ ✶✸✼✻
√

ci ✱ ✶✹✶✺ tuj ✱ ✶✹✶✸ dāś ✱ ✶✸✺✷

√ √ √

cit ✱ ✶✸✼✾ tur✱ ✶✹✵✸ dāsá✱ ✶✸✺✶

√

cit✱ ✶✸✼✾ turá✱ ✶✸✻✶ dā´sa✱ ✶✸✺✶

citrá✱ ✶✸✼✽ Turváśa✱ ✶✸✽✺ dā´sı̄✱ ✶✸✺✶
cud ✱ ✶✹✶✵ turván.i✱ ✶✸✺✾ didyú✱ ✶✸✼✸
√

Cúmuri✱ ✶✸✺✵ tuvi✱ ✶✸✾✷ dı́va✱ ✶✸✾✺

cyu ✱ ✶✹✵✾ ´yam✱ ✶✸✽✻ divā✱ ✶✸✾✺
√
tū
cyautná✱ ✶✸✻✵ tr.d ✱ ✶✹✶✸ divyá✱ ✶✸✺✵
√

chad ✱ ✶✹✶✻ tr.p ✱ ✶✹✶✸ diś ✱ ✶✹✶✺

√ √ √

chad ✱ ✶✹✶✻ tr̄. ✱ ✶✹✵✸ dı̄rghá✱ ✶✸✾✹

√ √

jágat✱ ✶✸✽✼ tves.á✱ ✶✸✻✵ dur✱ ✶✸✻✾

jat.hára✱ ✶✸✻✽ nápāt✱ ✶✸✽✸ duritá✱ ✶✸✺✷
jan ✱ ✶✹✵✶ toká✱ ✶✸✽✸ durmatı́✱ ✶✸✼✾
√

jána✱ ✶✸✽✸ tmánā✱ ✶✸✾✻ dúvas✱ ✶✸✽✵

janitŕ.✱ ✶✸✼✺ Trasádasyu✱ ✶✸✽✺ dus..tára✱ ✶✸✺✾
jánitrı̄✱ ✶✸✼✺ trātŕ.✱ ✶✸✻✾ duh ✱ ✶✹✵✻
√

jániman✱ ✶✸✼✺ trı́✱ ✶✸✾✼ duhitŕ.✱ ✶✸✽✸

janús✱ ✶✸✼✺ Tritá✱ ✶✸✻✽ dūrā´t✱ ✶✸✾✻
jaritŕ.✱ ✶✸✺✸ trı́s✱ ✶✸✾✼ dr...dhá✱ ✶✸✻✽
jā✱ ✶✹✵✶ Tvás..t.r✱ ✶✸✹✾ dr.ś ✱ ✶✹✵✾
√

jāgr. ✱ ✶✸✽✵ tvāyā´✱ ✶✸✾✵ .√h ✱ ✶✹✶✻

√ √
dr.m
jātá✱ ✶✸✼✹ tvis. ✱ ✶✸✻✾ dr̄. ✱ ✶✹✵✻
√

jāmı́✱ ✶✸✽✹ tvı́s.✱ ✶✸✻✾ devá✱ ✶✸✹✼

ji ✱ ✶✹✵✷ dáks.a✱ ✶✸✻✷ devátā✱ ✶✸✹✼
√

jit✱ ✶✹✵✷ dáks.in.a✱ ✶✸✾✹ dev´ı̄✱ ✶✸✹✼

jı̄rá✱ ✶✸✽✻ daks.in.a✱ ✶✸✻✷ dyā´vāpr.thiv´ı̄✱
jı̄v ✱ ✶✸✽✸ dáks.in.ā✱ ✶✸✼✻ ✶✸✹✼
√

jus. ✱ ✶✹✵✸ dagh ✱ ✶✹✶✻ dyu✱ ✶✸✹✼

√ √
✶✹✷✵ ■◆❉❊❳
dyumánt✱ ✶✸✾✵ nabh ✱ ✶✹✶✶ parāvát✱ ✶✸✾✻
√

dyumná✱ ✶✸✼✽ nam ✱ ✶✹✶✵ párvata✱ ✶✸✻✽

√

drávin.a✱ ✶✸✼✻ námas✱ ✶✸✺✺ párvan✱ ✶✸✽✷

dru ✱ ✶✹✶✶ Námuci✱ ✶✸✺✵ paś ✱ ✶✹✵✼
√ √

drú✱ ✶✸✾✵ nárya✱ ✶✸✼✵ paśú✱ ✶✸✽✼

drúh✱ ✶✸✺✶ náva✱ ✶✸✾✹✱ ✶✸✾✼ paścāt✱ ✶✸✾✸
dvı́✱ ✶✸✾✼ navatı́✱ ✶✸✾✼ pā ✱ ✶✸✾✽
√

dvitā´✱ ✶✸✾✼ návı̄yas✱ ✶✸✾✹ pā✱ ✶✸✾✽

dvı́s.✱ ✶✸✺✶ návya✱ ✶✸✾✹ pā´tra✱ ✶✸✺✼
dvés.as✱ ✶✸✺✶ návyas✱ ✶✸✾✹ pā´tra✱ ✶✸✼✸
dhána✱ ✶✸✼✷ naś ✱ ✶✹✵✺ pā´da✱ ✶✸✽✷
√

dhanv ✱ ✶✹✶✻ naś ✱ ✶✹✵✺ pārá✱ ✶✸✾✻

√ √

dhánvan✱ ✶✸✾✵ nā´ka✱ ✶✸✻✼ pā´rthiva✱ ✶✸✽✾

dhánvan✱ ✶✸✼✸ nādh ✱ ✶✸✽✷ pā´rya✱ ✶✸✼✹
√

dham ✱ ✶✹✶✻ nā´bhi✱ ✶✸✺✽ pı́tr.✱ ✶✸✽✸

√

dharún.a✱ ✶✸✽✵ nā´man✱ ✶✸✼✺ pinv ✱ ✶✹✶✶

√

dharmán✱ ✶✸✽✽ nid ✱ ✶✹✶✹ pipyús.ı̄✱ ✶✸✺✼

√

dhárman✱ ✶✸✽✽ nı́d✱ ✶✸✽✶ Pı́pru✱ ✶✸✺✵

dhā ✱ ✶✸✾✽ nı̄ ✱ ✶✹✵✻ pis. ✱ ✶✹✶✹
√ √ √

dhā✱ ✶✸✾✾ nu ✱ ✶✹✵✻ pı̄ ✱ ✶✹✵✾

√ √

dhā´tu✱ ✶✸✽✾ nud ✱ ✶✹✶✹ pı̄tı́✱ ✶✸✺✼

√

dhānā´✱ ✶✸✺✽ nūtana✱ ✶✸✾✺

´ putrá✱ ✶✸✽✸
dhā´man✱ ✶✸✽✽ nūnám✱ ✶✸✾✺ púnar✱ ✶✸✾✸
dhā´yas✱ ✶✸✽✽ nŕ.✱ ✶✸✼✶ púr✱ ✶✸✻✽
dhā´ra✱ ✶✸✽✽ nŕ.tama✱ ✶✸✻✸ purás✱ ✶✸✾✸
dhā´ra✱ ✶✸✽✾ nr.mn.á✱ ✶✸✻✸ purástāt✱ ✶✸✾✸
dhāv ✱ ✶✹✶✺ nr.vát✱ ✶✸✼✶ . dará✱ ✶✸✼✵
√
puram
dhāv ✱ ✶✹✶✺ paktı́✱ ✶✸✽✽ purā´✱ ✶✸✾✸
√

dhis.án.ā✱ ✶✸✺✽ pakvá✱ ✶✸✽✽ purú✱ ✶✸✾✶

dh´ı̄✱ ✶✸✺✽ pac ✱ ✶✹✶✸ purutáma✱ ✶✸✾✶
√

dhı̄tı́✱ ✶✸✺✽ páñca✱ ✶✸✾✼ purutrá✱ ✶✸✾✶

dh´ı̄ra✱ ✶✸✻✷ pan ✱ ✶✸✺✷
. ı́√ puro..dāśa✱ ✶✸✺✽
Dhúni✱ ✶✸✺✵ pat ✱ ✶✹✵✻ pus. ✱ ✶✹✶✹
√

dhúni✱ ✶✸✻✼ pat ✱ ✶✹✵✻ pū ✱ ✶✹✶✹

√ √

dhúr✱ ✶✸✽✻ páti✱ ✶✸✻✹ ´rva✱ ✶✸✾✹

pū
dhū ✱ ✶✹✶✷ pátnı̄✱ ✶✸✽✹ pūrv´ı̄✱ ✶✸✽✹✱ ✶✸✾✶
√

dhr. ✱ ✶✹✵✹ pathı́n✱ ✶✸✽✺ ´rvya✱ ✶✸✾✹

√
pū
dhr..s ✱ ✶✸✻✵ pad ✱ ✶✹✶✶ Pūs.án✱ ✶✸✹✾
√ √

dhr..sát✱ ✶✸✻✵ pád✱ ✶✸✽✷ pr. ✱ ✶✹✵✾

√

dhr..satā´✱ ✶✸✻✵ padá✱ ✶✸✽✷ pr.c ✱ ✶✹✶✸

√

dhr..sn.uyā´✱ ✶✸✻✵ pánya✱ ✶✸✽✶ pŕ.t✱ ✶✸✼✷

dhr..sn.ú✱ ✶✸✻✵ páyas✱ ✶✸✽✾ pŕ.tanā✱ ✶✸✼✷
dhénā✱ ✶✸✽✼ pará✱ ✶✸✾✺ pr.thiv´ı̄✱ ✶✸✹✼
dhenú✱ ✶✸✽✼ pára✱ ✶✸✾✺ pr.thú✱ ✶✸✾✷
naks. ✱ ✶✹✶✶ paramá✱ ✶✸✾✻ Pŕ.śni✱ ✶✸✹✾
√

nad´ı̄✱ ✶✸✻✺ párā✱ ✶✸✾✻ pr..s.thá✱ ✶✸✽✷

■◆❉❊❳ ✶✹✷✶

√ √
pr̄. ✱ ✶✹✵✺ bhā ✱ ✶✸✼✺ marútvant✱ ✶✸✻✷
péya✱ ✶✸✺✼ bhāgá✱ ✶✸✼✼ márta✱ ✶✸✼✶
paum´ . sya✱ ✶✸✻✸ bhānú✱ ✶✸✼✺ mártya✱ ✶✸✼✶
√ √
prach ✱ ✶✹✶✷ bhid ✱ ✶✹✵✶ márya✱ ✶✸✼✷
√
prajā´✱ ✶✸✽✸ bhid✱ ✶✹✵✶ mah ✱ ✶✹✵✷
pratimā´na✱ ✶✸✻✺ bhiyás✱ ✶✸✽✶ máh✱ ✶✹✵✷
pratná✱ ✶✸✾✹ bh´ı̄✱ ✶✹✵✼ mahá✱ ✶✸✾✷
√ √
prath ✱ ✶✹✵✾ bhı̄ ✱ ✶✹✵✼ mahát✱ ✶✸✾✷
prathamá✱ ✶✸✾✹ bhı̄má✱ ✶✸✺✾ mahán✱ ✶✸✾✷
√
prathamám✱ ✶✸✾✹ bhuj ✱ ✶✹✶✷ mahás✱ ✶✸✾✷
pradı́vas✱ ✶✸✾✺ bhúj✱ ✶✸✼✹ máhas✱ ✶✸✼✶
prapitvá✱ ✶✸✾✺ bhúj✱ ✶✸✽✾ mahā´nt✱ ✶✸✾✷
prámati✱ ✶✸✼✾ bhúvana✱ ✶✸✻✻ máhi✱ ✶✸✾✷
√
prámati✱ ✶✸✻✾ bhū ✱ ✶✸✾✽ mahimán✱ ✶✸✻✵
práyas✱ ✶✸✽✶ ´man✱ ✶✸✽✾
bhū mahis.á✱ ✶✸✾✷
práyasvant✱ ✶✸✽✶ ´mi✱ ✶✸✽✾
bhū mah´ı̄✱ ✶✸✾✷
√
pravát✱ ✶✸✽✺✱ ´yas✱ ✶✸✾✶
bhū mam . h ✱ ✶✹✶✶
✶✸✽✻ ´ri✱ ✶✸✾✶
bhū mám.√his..tha✱ ✶✸✼✻
√
pravr.ddhá✱ ✶✸✺✾ bhūs. ✱ ✶✹✶✷ mā ✱ ✶✹✵✽
√ √
márta✱ ✶✸✼✶ bhr. ✱ ✶✹✵✵ mā ✱ ✶✹✵✽
prasavá✱ ✶✸✺✾ bhojá✱ ✶✸✼✵ mātŕ.✱ ✶✸✽✸
√
prā ✱ ✶✹✵✺ bhójana✱ ✶✸✽✶ mā´dhyam . dina✱
prā✱ ✶✹✵✺ bhrā´tr.✱ ✶✸✽✹ ✶✸✾✺
prātár✱ ✶✸✾✺ maks.ū ´✱ ✶✸✽✻ māna✱ ✶✸✼✽
priyá✱ ✶✸✽✶ maghá✱ ✶✸✼✺ māna✱ ✶✸✺✽
priyámedha✱ ✶✸✺✸ maghávan✱ ✶✸✼✺ mā´nus.a✱ ✶✸✽✹
barhán.ā´✱ ✶✸✾✼ maghónı̄✱ ✶✸✼✺ māyā´✱ ✶✸✼✽
barhı́s✱ ✶✸✺✻ majmán✱ ✶✸✾✷ māyı́n✱ ✶✸✼✽
bála✱ ✶✸✽✷ matı́✱ ✶✸✺✽ mā´hina✱ ✶✸✽✶
√
bahú✱ ✶✸✾✶ mad ✱ ✶✸✽✷ Mitrá✱ ✶✸✹✽
√ √
bādh ✱ ✶✹✵✼ máda✱ ✶✸✻✵ mih ✱ ✶✹✶✺
bāhú✱ ✶✸✽✷ mádhu✱ ✶✸✺✼ mih✱ ✶✸✻✽
√ √
budh ✱ ✶✹✵✾ mádhumat✱ ✶✸✺✼ mı̄ ✱ ✶✹✵✽
√ √
br.h ✱ ✶✹✶✻ mádhya✱ ✶✸✾✸ muc ✱ ✶✹✵✾
√ √
br.hát✱ ✶✸✾✶ man ✱ ✶✸✼✾ mus.āy ✱ ✶✹✶✺
br.hátı̄✱ ✶✸✾✷ mánas✱ ✶✸✼✼ múhur✱ ✶✸✽✻
Br.haspáti✱ ✶✸✹✽ manı̄s.ā´✱ ✶✸✺✽ mr.gá✱ ✶✸✽✼
√
brahmán✱ ✶✸✺✸ mánu✱ ✶✸✼✶ mr.n. ✱ ✶✹✶✻
√
bráhman✱ ✶✸✺✷ mánus✱ ✶✸✽✹ mr.dh ✱ ✶✹✶✷
√ √
brū ✱ ✶✹✵✻ mand ✱ ✶✸✽✷ mŕ.dh✱ ✶✸✺✶
√ √
bha✱ ✶✸✼✺ mand ✱ ✶✸✽✷ mr...d ✱ ✶✹✶✷
Bhága✱ ✶✸✹✾ mandasāná✱ ✶✸✻✵ médha✱ ✶✸✺✼
√
bhága✱ ✶✸✼✼ mandı́n✱ ✶✸✻✵ yaj ✱ ✶✸✺✷
√
bhaj ✱ ✶✹✵✼ mánman✱ ✶✸✼✽ yájatra✱ ✶✸✺✷
bhadrá✱ ✶✸✼✼ manyú✱ ✶✸✺✾ yajñá✱ ✶✸✺✷
bhára✱ ✶✸✼✷ Marút✱ ✶✸✹✽ yajñı́ya✱ ✶✸✻✺
✶✹✷✷ ■◆❉❊❳
yat ✱ ✶✹✵✾ rātı́✱ ✶✸✼✻ vaś ✱ ✶✹✵✹
√ √

yat✱ ✶✹✵✾ rā´dhas✱ ✶✸✼✻ vac ✱ ✶✹✵✹

√

Yádu✱ ✶✸✽✺ ric ✱ ✶✹✵✼ váśa✱ ✶✸✼✾

√

yam ✱ ✶✹✵✷ ris. ✱ ✶✹✶✸ vas ✱ ✶✹✵✽

√ √ √

yáva✱ ✶✸✽✼ rı̄ ✱ ✶✹✶✶ vas ✱ ✶✹✵✽

√ √

yávasa✱ ✶✸✽✼ ru ✱ ✶✹✶✻ vas ✱ ✶✹✵✽

√ √

yáśas✱ ✶✸✽✶ ruc ✱ ✶✹✶✷ vásu✱ ✶✸✼✻

√

yā ✱ ✶✹✵✵ ruj ✱ ✶✹✶✵ vásupati✱ ✶✸✼✵

√ √

yātú✱ ✶✸✽✶ Rudrá✱ ✶✸✹✾ vástu✱ ✶✸✼✻✱ ✶✸✾✺

yā´man✱ ✶✸✽✻ Rúśama✱ ✶✸✽✺ vásyas✱ ✶✸✼✵
yu ✱ ✶✸✾✾ Ruśáma✱ ✶✸✽✺ vah ✱ ✶✹✵✷
√ √

yu✱ ✶✸✾✾ ruh ✱ ✶✹✶✶ vah✱ ✶✹✵✷

√

yuktá✱ ✶✸✽✻ rūpá✱ ✶✸✼✺ váhni✱ ✶✸✽✼

yugá✱ ✶✸✽✹ rej ✱ ✶✹✶✸ . saga✱ ✶✸✽✼
√
vám
yuj ✱ ✶✹✵✷ ´ ✱ ✶✸✼✻ vā´c✱ ✶✸✺✹
√
raı
yúj✱ ✶✹✵✷ rocaná✱ ✶✸✻✼ vā´ja✱ ✶✸✻✵
yújya✱ ✶✸✼✹ ródas✱ ✶✸✹✼ vājay ✱ ✶✹✵✾
√

yudh ✱ ✶✸✾✾ loká✱ ✶✸✼✽ vājı́n✱ ✶✸✼✶

√

yudh✱ ✶✸✼✷ vaks. ✱ ✶✹✶✵ vā´n.i✱ ✶✸✺✹

√

yudhmá✱ ✶✸✼✷ vaks.án.ā✱ ✶✸✽✼ Vā´ta✱ ✶✸✹✽

yuván✱ ✶✸✻✶ vácas✱ ✶✸✺✹ vā´ta✱ ✶✸✻✽
yūthá✱ ✶✸✽✼ vájra✱ ✶✸✻✶ vā´ta✱ ✶✸✽✶
yóga✱ ✶✸✼✷ vajrı́n✱ ✶✸✻✶ vāmá✱ ✶✸✽✶
yóni✱ ✶✸✼✺ vajrivat✱ ✶✸✻✶ Vāyú✱ ✶✸✹✽
yos.ā✱ ✶✸✽✹ vatsá✱ ✶✸✽✼ vā´ra✱ ✶✸✻✺
raks. ✱ ✶✹✶✹ vadh ✱ ✶✹✵✼ vā´rya✱ ✶✸✽✶
√ √

ráks.as✱ ✶✸✺✶ vadhá✱ ✶✸✼✸ vā´has✱ ✶✸✺✺

raks.ás✱ ✶✸✺✶ vádhar✱ ✶✸✼✸ vı́✱ ✶✸✽✼
rájas✱ ✶✸✻✽ van ✱ ✶✹✵✹ vı́cars.an.i✱ ✶✸✻✸
√

rájas✱ ✶✸✼✽ vána✱ ✶✸✽✷✱ ✶✸✾✵ vid ✱ ✶✸✼✾

√

ran. ✱ ✶✹✶✵ vanas✱ ✶✸✽✵ vid✱ ✶✸✽✵

√

rán.a✱ ✶✸✼✼ vanús✱ ✶✸✼✷ vidátha✱ ✶✸✼✸

rátna✱ ✶✸✼✻ vápus✱ ✶✸✼✺ vidh ✱ ✶✸✺✸
√

rátha✱ ✶✸✼✷ váyas✱ ✶✸✺✾ vidh ✱ ✶✹✶✺

√

rath´ı̄✱ ✶✸✼✵ vad ✱ ✶✹✵✻ vidh ✱ ✶✹✶✺

√ √

radh ✱ ✶✹✶✸ niyút✱ ✶✸✽✶ vip ✱ ✶✹✶✶

√ √

radhrá✱ ✶✸✽✹ vára✱ ✶✸✽✶ vı́pra✱ ✶✸✼✵

randh ✱ ✶✹✶✸ vára✱ ✶✸✽✾ virapśı́n✱ ✶✸✻✵
√

rabh ✱ ✶✹✶✹ várivas✱ ✶✸✼✽ vı́vāc✱ ✶✸✼✸

√

ram ✱ ✶✹✵✾ Várun.a✱ ✶✸✹✼ vı́vrata✱ ✶✸✽✵

√

rayı́✱ ✶✸✼✻ várūtha✱ ✶✸✻✾ viś ✱ ✶✹✵✹

√

raśmı́✱ ✶✸✽✾ váren.ya✱ ✶✸✻✺ viś ✱ ✶✸✽✹

√

rā ✱ ✶✹✶✶ várn.a✱ ✶✸✼✺ vı́śva✱ ✶✸✾✵

√

rāj ✱ ✶✹✶✶ várdhana✱ ✶✸✻✾ vı́śva✱ ✶✸✾✵

√

rājan✱ ✶✸✽✹
´ várpas✱ ✶✸✼✺ viśvátas✱ ✶✸✾✵
rātá✱ ✶✸✺✻ valá✱ ✶✸✽✽ vis. ✱ ✶✹✶✷
√
■◆❉❊❳ ✶✹✷✸

vı́s.u✱ ✶✸✾✶ śáru✱ ✶✸✼✸ śru ✱ ✶✹✵✶

√

Vı́s.n.u✱ ✶✸✹✽ śárdhas✱ ✶✸✼✷ śrut✱ ✶✸✽✸

vı̄ ✱ ✶✹✵✽ śárman✱ ✶✸✻✾ śrutá✱ ✶✸✼✾
√

vı̄tı́✱ ✶✸✺✺ śávas✱ ✶✸✻✸ śrútya✱ ✶✸✽✽

vı̄rá✱ ✶✸✻✸ śavasāná✱ ✶✸✻✸ śrus..ti✱ ✶✸✽✷
v´ı̄rya✱ ✶✸✻✸ śávis..tha✱ ✶✸✻✸ ślóka✱ ✶✸✺✹
vı̄..dú✱ ✶✸✻✽ śaśamāna✱ ✶✸✼✶ śvas ✱ ✶✹✶✻
√

vr. ✱ ✶✸✽✶ śáśvat✱ ✶✸✾✶ śvás✱ ✶✸✾✺

√

vr. ✱ ✶✹✵✷ . s ✱ ✶✹✵✼ śvi ✱ ✶✹✶✷

√ √ √
śam
vr.kta✱ ✶✸✺✻ śám . sa✱ ✶✸✺✺ .sas.✱ ✶✸✾✼
vr.ks.á✱ ✶✸✾✵ śám . sya✱ ✶✸✺✺ .sas.tı́✱ ✶✸✾✼
vr.j ✱ ✶✹✵✼ śāká✱ ✶✸✻✶ sákhi✱ ✶✸✼✵
√

vr.jána✱ ✶✸✺✻ śās ✱ ✶✹✵✽ sakhyá✱ ✶✸✼✵

√

vr.t ✱ ✶✹✵✹ śiks. ✱ ✶✹✵✺ sácā✱ ✶✸✾✸

√ √

vr.tá✱ ✶✸✾✵ śı́prā✱ ✶✸✽✷ sajós.as✱ ✶✸✼✹

Vr.trá✱ ✶✸✺✵ śiprı́n✱ ✶✸✻✹ sát✱ ✶✸✾✻
vr.trá✱ ✶✸✺✵ śivá✱ ✶✸✻✵ satyá✱ ✶✸✾✻
vr.ddhá✱ ✶✸✻✶ śı́ras✱ ✶✸✽✷ satrā´✱ ✶✸✾✶
vr.dh ✱ ✶✸✾✾ śı̄ ✱ ✶✹✶✵ sátvan✱ ✶✸✼✷
√ √

vr.dhá✱ ✶✸✻✾ śı̄rs.án✱ ✶✸✽✷ sad ✱ ✶✹✵✺

√

vr..s ✱ ✶✹✶✸ śukrá✱ ✶✸✽✾ sad✱ ✶✹✵✺

√

vŕ..san✱ ✶✸✺✽ śuc ✱ ✶✹✶✺ sádana✱ ✶✸✽✹

√

vŕ..sn.ya✱ ✶✸✺✾ śúci✱ ✶✸✺✼ sádas✱ ✶✸✽✹

vŕ..sana✱ ✶✸✺✾ śuddhá✱ ✶✸✻✺ sádā✱ ✶✸✾✶
vŕ..sani✱ ✶✸✺✾ śunám✱ ✶✸✼✾ sadāsā´✱ ✶✸✼✶
vr..sabhá✱ ✶✸✺✽ śubh ✱ ✶✹✶✹ sádman✱ ✶✸✺✽
√

vr..s.tı́✱ ✶✸✽✾ śubhrá✱ ✶✸✽✸ sádyás✱ ✶✸✾✺

vr.h ✱ ✶✸✺✾ śubhrı́✱ ✶✸✽✸ sadha✱ ✶✸✾✶
√

védas✱ ✶✸✼✾ Śús.n.a✱ ✶✸✺✵ sadhamā´da✱ ✶✸✺✼

védhas✱ ✶✸✼✾ śús.ma✱ ✶✸✺✾ san ✱ ✶✹✵✸
√

vyac ✱ ✶✹✶✹ śus.mı́n✱ ✶✸✻✵ san✱ ✶✹✵✸

√

vyácas✱ ✶✸✾✷ ´ra✱ ✶✸✻✷

śū sána✱ ✶✸✾✹
vyadh ✱ ✶✹✶✺ śūs.a✱ ✶✸✺✻ sanā´t✱ ✶✸✾✺
√

vrajá✱ ✶✸✺✻ śr.dh ✱ ✶✹✶✺ sanı́✱ ✶✸✼✻

√

vratá✱ ✶✸✼✹ śr̄. ✱ ✶✹✶✻ sanitŕ.✱ ✶✸✻✾

√

vraśc ✱ ✶✹✶✸ śo ✱ ✶✹✶✵ sapary ✱ ✶✹✶✷

√ √ √

śak ✱ ✶✹✵✺ ścut✱ ✶✸✽✽ saptá✱ ✶✸✾✼

√

śakrá✱ ✶✸✻✹ śnath ✱ ✶✹✶✷ sápti✱ ✶✸✽✻

√

śaktı́✱ ✶✸✻✽ śyená✱ ✶✸✽✼ sama✱ ✶✸✾✻

śácı̄✱ ✶✸✻✹ śrát✱ ✶✸✼✽ samád✱ ✶✸✼✷
śácı̄vat✱ ✶✸✻✹ śrávas✱ ✶✸✻✹ samaryá✱ ✶✸✼✷
śatá✱ ✶✸✾✼ śravasy ✱ ✶✹✶✷ samāná✱ ✶✸✾✻
√

śátru✱ ✶✸✺✶ śravasyá✱ ✶✸✻✹ samudrá✱ ✶✸✻✼

śám✱ ✶✸✼✼ śri ✱ ✶✹✶✺ sámbhr.ta✱ ✶✸✺✽
√

Śámbara✱ ✶✸✺✵ śrı̄ ✱ ✶✹✶✵ samrā´j✱ ✶✸✽✹

√

śarád✱ ✶✸✾✵ śr´ı̄✱ ✶✸✼✼ sara✱ ✶✸✽✽

✶✹✷✹ ■◆❉❊❳
sáras✱ ✶✸✽✻ sus..tutı́✱ ✶✸✺✹ svaryà✱ ✶✸✾✵
sárga✱ ✶✸✽✻ sús.vi✱ ✶✸✺✻ svastı́✱ ✶✸✼✼
sárva✱ ✶✸✾✶ suháva✱ ✶✸✻✺ svādú✱ ✶✸✺✼
sávana✱ ✶✸✺✻ sū ✱ ✶✹✶✻
√
svr. ✱ ✶✸✺✹
√

Savitŕ.✱ ✶✸✹✾ sūnú✱ ✶✸✺✾ háti✱ ✶✸✼✸

savitŕ.✱ ✶✸✽✵ sūnú✱ ✶✸✽✸ hatya✱ ✶✸✼✸
sac ✱ ✶✹✵✹ ´ra✱ ✶✸✻✽
√
sū han ✱ ✶✸✾✽
√
sas ✱ ✶✸✼✹ sūrı́✱ ✶✸✺✹
√
han✱ ✶✸✾✽
sah ✱ ✶✹✵✸ ´rya✱ ✶✸✻✽
√
sū
hántama✱ ✶✸✻✶
sah✱ ✶✹✵✸ sr. ✱ ✶✹✵✾
√
hantŕ.✱ ✶✸✻✶
sáhas✱ ✶✸✻✶ sr.j ✱ ✶✹✵✸
√
hári✱ ✶✸✽✽
sahásra✱ ✶✸✾✼ sénā✱ ✶✸✼✷
sahasrı́n✱ ✶✸✻✵ sótr.✱ ✶✸✺✻ hárita✱ ✶✸✽✽
hárivant✱ ✶✸✻✶
sam . jı́t✱ ✶✸✻✹ Sóma✱ ✶✸✹✼
hary ✱ ✶✹✶✷
√
sākám✱ ✶✸✾✶ somı́n✱ ✶✸✺✼
sātı́✱ ✶✸✼✹ somyá✱ ✶✸✺✼ haryatá✱ ✶✸✼✼
sā´nu✱ ✶✸✽✾ stambh ✱ ✶✹✶✶
√ háva✱ ✶✸✺✺
sā´man✱ ✶✸✺✹ stu ✱ ✶✹✵✷
√
hávana✱ ✶✸✺✺
sāsahı́✱ ✶✸✻✷ stutá✱ ✶✸✺✹ havı́s.mant✱ ✶✸✺✻
sā´hya✱ ✶✸✼✷ str. ✱ ✶✹✶✹ havı́s✱ ✶✸✺✻
√

sic ✱ ✶✹✶✵ stotŕ.✱ ✶✸✺✸ hávya✱ ✶✸✺✺

√

sı́ndhu✱ ✶✸✻✻ stotrá✱ ✶✸✺✸ havyá✱ ✶✸✺✻

su ✱ ✶✹✵✵ stóma✱ ✶✸✺✹
√
hásta✱ ✶✸✽✷
sukrátu✱ ✶✸✻✷ stha✱ ✶✹✵✶ hā ✱ ✶✹✶✵
√
sugá✱ ✶✸✼✼ sthā ✱ ✶✹✵✶
√
hitá✱ ✶✸✼✺
sutá✱ ✶✸✺✼ sthā✱ ✶✹✵✶ hitá✱ ✶✸✽✾
sutā´vant✱ ✶✸✼✶ sthávira✱ ✶✸✻✵
hı́ran.ya✱ ✶✸✽✶
supārá✱ ✶✸✽✺ sthirá✱ ✶✸✻✵
sudúghā✱ ✶✸✽✼ sthūrá✱ ✶✸✼✻
hiran . yáya✱ ✶✸✽✶
hu ✱ ✶✹✶✶
√
sumatı́✱ ✶✸✼✾ sūnŕ.ta✱ ✶✸✻✷
sumná✱ ✶✸✼✾ spārhá✱ ✶✸✽✵ hūtá✱ ✶✸✺✺
hū ✱ ✶✹✵✵
√
surā´dhas✱ ✶✸✼✻ spŕ.dh✱ ✶✸✺✶
suvitá✱ ✶✸✼✼ svá✱ ✶✸✾✹ hūtı́✱ ✶✸✺✺
suv´ı̄ra✱ ✶✸✻✸ svadhā´✱ ✶✸✻✷ hŕ.d✱ ✶✸✽✷
hr..s ✱ ✶✹✶✻
√
suv´ı̄rya✱ ✶✸✻✸ svayám✱ ✶✸✾✹
suvr.ktı́✱ ✶✸✺✺ svàr✱ ✶✸✻✽ hetı́✱ ✶✸✼✸
suśiprá✱ ✶✸✻✹ svarā´j✱ ✶✸✻✸ hótr.✱ ✶✸✺✸
sús.uta✱ ✶✸✺✼ svarā´jya✱ ✶✸✻✸ hve ✱ ✶✹✵✵
√
❆♣♣❡♥❞✐① ❉✿ ❋r❡q✉❡♥❝✐❡s ♦❢ ✇♦r❞ st❡♠s

❋✐rst t✇♦ ❛r❡ ❧✐sts ♦❢ ✈❡r❜❛❧ st❡♠s ♦r❞❡r❡❞ ❜② ❢r❡q✉❡♥❝② ❛♥❞ ❛❧✲

♣❤❛❜❡t✐❝❛❧❧②✳ ❚❤❡ ♥✉♠❜❡r ❛❢t❡r ❡❛❝❤ st❡♠ ✐s t❤❡ ♥✉♠❜❡r ♦❢ ✐ts

♦❝❝✉r❡♥❝✐❡s ✐♥ tr❛♥s❧❛t❡❞ ❤❡r❡ ❤②♠♥s✳ P❛st ♣❛ss✐✈❡ ♣❛rt✐❝✐♣❧❡s ❛r❡

♥♦t ❝♦✉♥t❡❞ ✐♥ t❤✐s ❧✐st✱ ❜✉t ❛r❡ ✐♥❝❧✉❞❡❞ ✐♥ t✇♦ ♦t❤❡r ❧✐sts✳

as ✹✹✶ vad ✸✵ mam .h ✶✼

kr. ✸✽✽ paś ✷✾ hu ✶✼

bhū ✷✻✷ bhaj ✷✽ naks. ✶✻

han ✷✹✵ gai ✷✼ rā ✶✻

i ✷✷✷ ı̄ś ✷✻ ruh ✶✻

gam ✶✼✹ ric ✷✻ kram ✶✺

bhr. ✶✼✹ vadh ✷✻ caks. ✶✺

hū ✶✸✹ ı̄r ✷✺ dabh ✶✺

av ✶✷✼ kan ✷✺ mr...d ✶✺

śru ✶✶✾ pat ✷✺ vis. ✶✺

gr̄. ✾✵ pı̄ ✷✺ dhū ✶✹

stu ✽✾ mā ✷✺ prach ✶✹

ji ✼✺ vr. ✷✹ bhūs. ✶✹

yam ✼✹ muc ✷✸ śnath ✶✹

mand ✻✷ śās ✷✸ sapary ✶✹

jus. ✻✵ taks. ✷✷ hary ✶✹

tr̄. ✻✵ naś ✷✷ aj ✶✸

sr.j ✺✽ prath ✷✷ krand ✶✸

dāś ✺✼ ram ✷✷ ks.i ✶✸

vr. ✺✼ vājay ✷✷ tr.p ✶✸

dhr. ✺✶ sr. ✷✷ pac ✶✸

van ✺✶ cud ✷✶ pr.c ✶✸

hve ✹✾ vaks. ✷✶ rej ✶✸

vac ✹✽ śı̄ ✷✶ vr..s ✶✸

vaś ✹✽ śo ✷✶ śvi ✶✸

śak ✹✶ stambh ✷✶ cyu ✶✷

car ✹✵ hā ✷✶ tr.d ✶✷

pr̄. ✸✾ ah ✷✵ radh ✶✷

aś ✸✻ nam ✷✵ vraśc ✶✷

nu ✸✻ pr. ✷✵ ad ✶✶

śam .s ✸✻ ran. ✷✵ inv ✶✶

r. ✸✺ ruj ✷✵ grah ✶✶

dr̄. ✸✺ śiks. ✷✵ pū ✶✶

brū ✸✸ pinv ✶✽ raks. ✶✶

duh ✸✷ nabh ✶✼ randh ✶✶

✶✹✷✻ ❋r❡q✉❡♥❝✐❡s ♦❢ ✈❡r❜ st❡♠s

vyac ✶✶ naś ✼ us. ✹

ı̄s. ✶✵ br.h ✼ .r.s ✹
gr.bhāy ✶✵ mi ✼ er ✹
nud ✶✵ mr.n. ✼ kr.p ✹
pus. ✶✵ vidh ✼ ks.i ✹
rabh ✶✵ śri ✼ guh ✹
vas ✶✵ .rghāy ✻ ci ✹
str. ✶✵ daśasy ✻ jinv ✹
ūh ✾ de ✻ jr. ✹
khyā ✾ mr.j ✻ jr̄. ✹
day ✾ rad ✻ tij ✹
dhāv ✾ vap ✻ tu ✹
dhr..s ✾ vye ✻ trai ✹
pis. ✾ śr̄. ✻ daśasya ✹
mus.āy ✾ sidh ✻ dı̄ ✹
śravasy ✾ ard ✺ duvasy ✹
sas ✾ āgam ✺ parı̄ ✹
svr. ✾ āvan ✺ vı̄..d ✹
añj ✽ āvr.t ✺ ven ✹
ādā ✽ āsad ✺ śad ✹
āp ✽ uc ✺ skambh ✹
ı̄d. ✽ ūrn.u ✺ spardh ✹
ks.ar ✽ .rñj ✺ sphur ✹
tap ✽ ci ✺ abhicaks. ✸
dham ✽ jñā ✺ abhidās ✸
dhanv ✽ turv ✺ arth ✸
myaks. ✽ nisad ✺ avatr̄. ✸
ru ✽ pat ✺ avasr.j ✸
vr.h ✽ pan ✺ ah ✸
vyadh ✽ pr.tany ✺ āghus. ✸
śuc ✽ mus. ✺ ādiś ✸
śr.dh ✽ mr.ś ✺ āruj ✸
hr..s ✽ sādh ✺ irajy ✸
as ✼ si ✺ ubh ✸
āś ✼ sru ✺ urus.y ✸
ej ✼ svap ✺ e ✸
ghas ✼ yāc ✺ kr..s ✸
jāgr. ✼ śrath ✺ kr̄. ✸
jı̄v ✼ hr. ✺ khid ✸
dagh ✼ anumad ✹ gātuy ✸
dah ✼ arh ✹ gur ✸
dr.m .h ✼ ubj ✹ gr̄. ✸
 ✶✹✷✼

gras ✸ uks. ✷ manasy ✷

tam .s ✸ uccar ✷ manāy ✷
tuś ✸ udaj ✷ mr. ✷
daks. ✸ udı̄r ✷ yup ✷
dabh ✸ ujjan ✷ raj ✷
dhā ✸ upagam ✷ ram .h ✷
dhvan ✸ ūh ✷ ris.an.ya ✷
nihan ✸ kup ✷ rih ✷
nyr.ñj ✸ krudh ✷ rud ✷
bhaks. ✸ ks.i ✷ rus. ✷
bhan ✸ ks.ip ✷ vas ✷
paribhū ✸ grabh ✷ vikram ✷
mand ✸ ghus. ✷ vicaks. ✷
mr..s ✸ chand ✷ vitr̄. ✷
rand ✸ jiv ✷ vibhid ✷
rapś ✸ tap ✷ vimā ✷
rudh ✸ tud ✷ viyu ✷
vanus.y ✸ tsar ✷ vivac ✷
vand ✸ drā ✷ viskambh ✷
vibhaj ✸ dhav ✷ vihve ✷
vivaks. ✸ dhe ✷ vr..sāy ✷
vivraśc ✸ dhvam .s ✷ ve ✷
vr.t ✸ nighus. ✷ vyadh ✷
vr.śc ✸ nijūrv ✷ vyath ✷
śumbh ✸ nibudh ✷ śus. ✷
śram ✸ nirı̄ ✷ śı̄ ✷
sami ✸ paks. ✷ śo ✷
sku ✸ pad ✷ samaj ✷
svan ✸ panasy ✷ samr. ✷
adhisthā ✷ parādā ✷ sam . gam ✷
adhı̄ ✷ paritam .s ✷ sam . grah ✷
an ✷ pariyā ✷ sam . caks. ✷
avakāś ✷ pracud ✷ sam . dhā ✷
apavap ✷ pran.ı̄ ✷ sam . śo ✷
avasthā ✷ pratibhūs. ✷ sam . svr. ✷
avahan ✷ prayam ✷ saran.y ✷
ādabh ✷ prı̄ ✷ sr.p ✷
ār ✷ br.m.h ✷ stan ✷
ārabh ✷ bhañj ✷ spr. ✷
āvid ✷ bhiks. ✷ syand ✷
indh ✷ bhuran.y ✷ svaj ✷
ı̄..d ✷ bhrāj ✷ svad ✷
✶✹✷✽ ❋r❡q✉❡♥❝✐❡s ♦❢ ✈❡r❜ st❡♠s

aks. ✶ āvr. ✶ tak ✶

aghāy ✶ āvr.j ✶ tandr ✶
ajirāy ✶ āsu ✶ tam ✶
at ✶ āhve ✶ tavis.ı̄y ✶
atipraśr.dh ✶ idh ✶ damany ✶
atyāyā ✶ indraya ✶ dambh ✶
adhiks.i ✶ iradh ✶ dam .s ✶
anukrand ✶ is. ✶ dās ✶
anuks.ar ✶ is.an.y ✶ dı̄p ✶
anugam ✶ is.an.ya ✶ dūs. ✶
anudhā ✶ is.udhya ✶ do ✶
anumad ✶ ı̄ks. ✶ dravay ✶
anuvid ✶ u ✶ dhag ✶
anusyand ✶ udi ✶ dhan ✶
apavr. ✶ ubj ✶ dhūrv ✶
apaspr. ✶ udgā ✶ naś ✶
apasy ✶ uddyut ✶ nas ✶
apivah ✶ upamā ✶ nikr. ✶
aporn.u ✶ upastr. ✶ nibr.h ✶
abhigr̄. ✶ upes. ✶ nidhā ✶
abhipramand ✶ us. ✶ nijūrv ✶
abhiprahan ✶ ūnay ✶ nim .s ✶
abhihary ✶ .rn. ✶ niraj ✶
am ✶ .rtay ✶ nirn.ij ✶
av ✶ .rd ✶ nirmath ✶
avakr.ś ✶ edh ✶ nirhan ✶
avakhya ✶ kāmay ✶ nivr.t ✶
avabhid ✶ kr.pan. ✶ nis..taks. ✶
avaso ✶ kl.rp ✶ nı̄..day ✶
avaspr. ✶ kratūya ✶ nud ✶
aśāy ✶ krı̄ ✶ nr.manasy ✶
ākan ✶ krı̄..d ✶ nyr..s ✶
āj ✶ ks.ud ✶ paj ✶
ājan ✶ ks.n.u ✶ paradā ✶
ātuj ✶ gā ✶ parān.ud ✶
ātr.d ✶ grah ✶ parās ✶
ādhr..s ✶ ghr. ✶ paribhuj ✶
ānaś ✶ cat ✶ pariman ✶
ānı̄ ✶ jabh ✶ parimr.dh ✶
āpr.c ✶ jāgr. ✶ parivr.j ✶
āprā ✶ jinv ✶ parivye ✶
āyuj ✶ jun ✶ pariśak ✶
 ✶✹✷✾

paristhā ✶ mr.gay ✶ vı̄ray ✶

parisvaj ✶ mr.d. ✶ śas ✶
parihi ✶ mr̄. ✶ śus. ✶
parı̄n.aś ✶ med ✶ śr. ✶
pi ✶ yaks. ✶ śr̄. ✶
pis. ✶ yas ✶ ścam ✶
pı̄d. ✶ yu ✶ śraddhā ✶
pı̄y ✶ yuch ✶ śvac ✶
pr.n. ✶ randhanāy ✶ śvañc ✶
prakrı̄..d ✶ rap ✶ sagh ✶
prajan ✶ ras ✶ sac ✶
pran.aś ✶ rādh ✶ sañj ✶
pratipı̄ ✶ rās ✶ samākr. ✶
pratiśak ✶ ris.an.y ✶ samūh ✶
pratihan ✶ ruvan.y ✶ sam . ks.ar ✶
pratyāvr.t ✶ vak ✶ sam . tr̄. ✶
pradā ✶ vacasy ✶ sam . dr.ś ✶
pradı̄ ✶ vaj ✶ sam . grabh ✶
prabhā ✶ varivasy ✶ sam . naś ✶
prabhr. ✶ varey ✶ sam . nı̄ ✶
pramr..s ✶ vavray ✶ sam . nu ✶
prayaks. ✶ vas ✶ sam . yudh ✶
prayā ✶ vāś ✶ sam . vr.t ✶
prarāj ✶ vicar ✶ sam . sr.j ✶
pravan ✶ vici ✶ sam . sthā ✶
pravr.j ✶ viji ✶ sam . svad ✶
prās ✶ vitan ✶ saray ✶
priyāy ✶ vitam .s ✶ sūd ✶
pruth ✶ vidh ✶ so ✶
phan. ✶ vidh ✶ skambhāy ✶
bru ✶ vindh ✶ scand ✶
bhaks.y ✶ vipat ✶ str̄. ✶
bhas ✶ vipaś ✶ sthā ✶
bhis.aj ✶ vibādh ✶ spardh ✶
bhur ✶ vibhā ✶ sparś ✶
bhrajj ✶ vibhr. ✶ smr. ✶
bhres. ✶ vimam .h ✶ has ✶
bhyas ✶ vivas ✶ hā ✶
manth ✶ vivid ✶ hi ✶
mahay ✶ vivr.dh ✶ him .s ✶
mud ✶ vivraśc ✶
muh ✶ vihū ✶
mr. ✶ vihr. ✶
✶✹✸✵

aks. ✶ avatr̄. ✸ i ✷✷✷

aghāy ✶ avabhid ✶ idh ✶
aj ✶✸ avasr.j ✸ indraya ✶
ajirāy ✶ avaso ✶ indh ✷
añj ✽ avasthā ✷ inv ✶✶
at ✶ avaspr. ✶ irajy ✸
atipraśr.dh ✶ avahan ✷ iradh ✶
atyāyā ✶ aś ✸✻ is. ✶
ad ✶✶ aśāy ✶ is.an.y ✶
adhiks.i ✶ as ✹✹✶ is.an.ya ✶
adhisthā ✷ as ✼ is.udhya ✶
adhı̄ ✷ ah ✷✵ ı̄ks. ✶
an ✷ ah ✸ ı̄d. ✽
anukrand ✶ ākan ✶ ı̄r ✷✺
anuks.ar ✶ āgam ✺ ı̄ś ✷✻
anugam ✶ āghus. ✸ ı̄s. ✶✵
anudhā ✶ āj ✶ ı̄..d ✷
anumad ✹ ājan ✶ u ✶
anumad ✶ ātuj ✶ uks. ✷
anuvid ✶ ātr.d ✶ uc ✺
anusyand ✶ ādabh ✷ uccar ✷
apavap ✷ ādā ✽ ujjan ✷
apavr. ✶ ādiś ✸ udaj ✷
apaspr. ✶ ādhr..s ✶ udi ✶
apasy ✶ ānaś ✶ udı̄r ✷
apivah ✶ ānı̄ ✶ udgā ✶
aporn.u ✶ āp ✽ uddyut ✶
abhigr̄. ✶ āpr.c ✶ upagam ✷
abhicaks. ✸ āprā ✶ upamā ✶
abhidās ✸ āyuj ✶ upastr. ✶
abhipramand ✶ ār ✷ upes. ✶
abhiprahan ✶ ārabh ✷ ubj ✹
abhihary ✶ āruj ✸ ubj ✶
am ✶ āvan ✺ ubh ✸
arth ✸ āvid ✷ urus.y ✸
ard ✺ āvr. ✶ us. ✹
arh ✹ āvr.j ✶ us. ✶
av ✶✷✼ āvr.t ✺ ūnay ✶
av ✶ āś ✼ ūrn.u ✺
avakāś ✷ āsad ✺ ūh ✾
avakr.ś ✶ āsu ✶ ūh ✷
avakhya ✶ āhve ✶ .r ✸✺
❱❡r❜ st❡♠s ✐♥ ❛❧♣❤❛❜❡t✐❝❛❧ ♦r❞❡r ✶✹✸✶

.rghāy ✻ gai ✷✼ tr.d ✶✷

.rñj ✺ grabh ✷ tr.p ✶✸
.rn. ✶ gras ✸ tr̄. ✻✵
.rtay ✶ grah ✶✶ trai ✹
.rd ✶ grah ✶ tsar ✷
.r.s ✹ ghas ✼ daks. ✸
e ✸ ghus. ✷ dagh ✼
ej ✼ ghr. ✶ dabh ✶✺
edh ✶ caks. ✶✺ dabh ✸
er ✹ cat ✶ damany ✶
kan ✷✺ car ✹✵ dambh ✶
kāmay ✶ ci ✺ day ✾
kup ✷ ci ✹ daśasy ✻
kr. ✸✽✽ cud ✷✶ daśasya ✹
kr.p ✹ cyu ✶✷ dah ✼
kr.pan. ✶ chand ✷ dam .s ✶
kr..s ✸ jabh ✶ dāś ✺✼
kr̄. ✸ jāgr. ✼ dās ✶
kl.rp ✶ jāgr. ✶ dı̄ ✹
kratūya ✶ ji ✼✺ dı̄p ✶
krand ✶✸ jinv ✹ duvasy ✹
kram ✶✺ jinv ✶ duh ✸✷
krı̄ ✶ jiv ✷ dūs. ✶
krı̄..d ✶ jı̄v ✼ dr.m .h ✼
krudh ✷ jun ✶ dr̄. ✸✺
ks.ar ✽ jus. ✻✵ de ✻
ks.i ✶✸ jr. ✹ do ✶
ks.i ✹ jr̄. ✹ dravay ✶
ks.i ✷ jñā ✺ drā ✷
ks.ip ✷ tak ✶ dhag ✶
ks.ud ✶ taks. ✷✷ dhan ✶
ks.n.u ✶ tandr ✶ dhanv ✽
khid ✸ tap ✽ dham ✽
khyā ✾ tap ✷ dhav ✷
gam ✶✼✹ tam ✶ dhā ✸
gā ✶ tavis.ı̄y ✶ dhāv ✾
gātuy ✸ tam .s ✸ dhū ✶✹
gur ✸ tij ✹ dhūrv ✶
guh ✹ tu ✹ dhr. ✺✶
gr.bhāy ✶✵ tud ✷ dhr..s ✾
gr̄. ✾✵ turv ✺ dhe ✷
gr̄. ✸ tuś ✸ dhvan ✸
✶✹✸✷

dhvam .s ✷ parādā ✷ prath ✷✷

naks. ✶✻ parās ✶ pradā ✶
nabh ✶✼ paritam .s ✷ pradı̄ ✶
nam ✷✵ paribhuj ✶ prabhā ✶
naś ✷✷ paribhū ✸ prabhr. ✶
naś ✼ pariman ✶ pramr..s ✶
naś ✶ parimr.dh ✶ prayaks. ✶
nas ✶ pariyā ✷ prayam ✷
nikr. ✶ parivr.j ✶ prayā ✶
nighus. ✷ parivye ✶ prarāj ✶
nijūrv ✷ pariśak ✶ pravan ✶
nijūrv ✶ paristhā ✶ pravr.j ✶
nidhā ✶ parisvaj ✶ prās ✶
nibudh ✷ parihi ✶ priyāy ✶
nibr.h ✶ parı̄ ✹ prı̄ ✷
niraj ✶ parı̄n.aś ✶ pruth ✶
nirı̄ ✷ paś ✷✾ phan. ✶
nirn.ij ✶ pi ✶ br.h ✼
nirmath ✶ pinv ✶✽ br.m.h ✷
nirhan ✶ pis. ✾ bru ✶
nivr.t ✶ pis. ✶ brū ✸✸
nis..taks. ✶ pı̄ ✷✺ bhaks. ✸
nisad ✺ pı̄d. ✶ bhaks.y ✶
nihan ✸ pı̄y ✶ bhaj ✷✽
nim .s ✶ pus. ✶✵ bhañj ✷
nı̄..day ✶ pū ✶✶ bhan ✸
nu ✸✻ pr. ✷✵ bhas ✶
nud ✶✵ pr.c ✶✸ bhiks. ✷
nud ✶ pr.n. ✶ bhis.aj ✶
nr.manasy ✶ pr.tany ✺ bhur ✶
nyr.ñj ✸ pr̄. ✸✾ bhuran.y ✷
nyr..s ✶ prakrı̄..d ✶ bhū ✷✻✷
paks. ✷ pracud ✷ bhūs. ✶✹
pac ✶✸ prach ✶✹ bhr. ✶✼✹
paj ✶ prajan ✶ bhyas ✶
pat ✷✺ pran.aś ✶ bhrajj ✶
pat ✺ pran.ı̄ ✷ bhrāj ✷
pad ✷ pratipı̄ ✶ bhres. ✶
pan ✺ pratibhūs. ✷ manasy ✷
panasy ✷ pratiśak ✶ manāy ✷
paradā ✶ pratihan ✶ manth ✶
parān.ud ✶ pratyāvr.t ✶ mand ✻✷
❱❡r❜ st❡♠s ✐♥ ❛❧♣❤❛❜❡t✐❝❛❧ ♦r❞❡r ✶✹✸✸

mand ✸ ram .h ✷ vitam .s ✶

mahay ✶ rā ✶✻ vitr̄. ✷
mam .h ✶✼ rādh ✶ vidh ✼
mā ✷✺ rās ✶ vidh ✶
mi ✼ ric ✷✻ vidh ✶
muc ✷✸ ris.an.y ✶ vindh ✶
mud ✶ ris.an.ya ✷ vipat ✶
mus. ✺ rih ✷ vipaś ✶
mus.āy ✾ ru ✽ vibādh ✶
muh ✶ ruj ✷✵ vibhaj ✸
mr. ✷ rud ✷ vibhā ✶
mr. ✶ rudh ✸ vibhid ✷
mr.gay ✶ ruvan.y ✶ vibhr. ✶
mr.j ✻ rus. ✷ vimam .h ✶
mr.d. ✶ ruh ✶✻ vimā ✷
mr.n. ✼ rej ✶✸ viyu ✷
mr.ś ✺ vak ✶ vivaks. ✸
mr..s ✸ vaks. ✷✶ vivac ✷
mr...d ✶✺ vac ✹✽ vivas ✶
mr̄. ✶ vacasy ✶ vivid ✶
med ✶ vaj ✶ vivr.dh ✶
myaks. ✽ vad ✸✵ vivraśc ✸
yaks. ✶ vadh ✷✻ vivraśc ✶
yam ✼✹ van ✺✶ vis. ✶✺
yas ✶ vanus.y ✸ viskambh ✷
yāc ✺ vand ✸ vihū ✶
yu ✶ vap ✻ vihr. ✶
yuch ✶ varivasy ✶ vihve ✷
yup ✷ varey ✶ vı̄ray ✶
raks. ✶✶ vavray ✶ vı̄..d ✹
raj ✷ vaś ✹✽ vr. ✺✼
ran. ✷✵ vas ✶✵ vr. ✷✹
rad ✻ vas ✷ vr.t ✸
radh ✶✷ vas ✶ vr.śc ✸
rand ✸ vājay ✷✷ vr..s ✶✸
randh ✶✶ vāś ✶ vr..sāy ✷
randhanāy ✶ vikram ✷ vr.h ✽
rap ✶ vicaks. ✷ ve ✷
rapś ✸ vicar ✶ ven ✹
rabh ✶✵ vici ✶ vyac ✶✶
ram ✷✷ viji ✶ vyath ✷
ras ✶ vitan ✶ vyadh ✽
✶✹✸✹

vyadh ✷ samaj ✷ sku ✸

vye ✻ samākr. ✶ scand ✶
vraśc ✶✷ sami ✸ stan ✷
śak ✹✶ samūh ✶ stambh ✷✶
śad ✹ samr. ✷ stu ✽✾
śas ✶ saran.y ✷ str. ✶✵
śam .s ✸✻ saray ✶ str̄. ✶
śās ✷✸ sas ✾ sthā ✶
śiks. ✷✵ sam . ks.ar ✶ spardh ✹
śı̄ ✷✶ sam . gam ✷ spardh ✶
śı̄ ✷ sam . grabh ✶ sparś ✶
śuc ✽ sam . grah ✷ spr. ✷
śumbh ✸ sam . caks. ✷ sphur ✹
śus. ✷ sam . tr̄. ✶ smr. ✶
śus. ✶ sam . dr.ś ✶ syand ✷
śr. ✶ sam . dhā ✷ sru ✺
śr.dh ✽ sam . naś ✶ svaj ✷
śr̄. ✻ sam . nı̄ ✶ svad ✷
śr̄. ✶ sam . nu ✶ svan ✸
śo ✷✶ sam . yudh ✶ svap ✺
śo ✷ sam . vr.t ✶ svr. ✾
ścam ✶ sam . śo ✷ han ✷✹✵
śnath ✶✹ sam . sr.j ✶ hary ✶✹
śrath ✺ sam . sthā ✶ has ✶
śraddhā ✶ sam . svad ✶ hā ✷✶
śram ✸ sam . svr. ✷ hā ✶
śravasy ✾ sādh ✺ hi ✶
śri ✼ si ✺ him .s ✶
śru ✶✶✾ sidh ✻ hu ✶✼
śvac ✶ sūd ✶ hū ✶✸✹
śvañc ✶ sr. ✷✷ hr. ✺
śvi ✶✸ sr.j ✺✽ hr..s ✽
sagh ✶ sr.p ✷ hve ✹✾
sac ✶ so ✶
sañj ✶ skambh ✹
sapary ✶✹ skambhāy ✶
◆♦♥✲✈❡r❜ st❡♠s ❜② ❢r❡q✉❡♥❝② ✶✹✸✺

❋♦❧❧♦✇✐♥❣ ❛r❡ ❧✐sts ♦❢ st❡♠s ♦❢ ✇♦r❞s ♦t❤❡r t❤❛♥ ✈❡r❜s ♦r❞❡r❡❞ ❜②

❢r❡q✉❡♥❝② ❛♥❞ ❛❧♣❤❛❜❡t✐❝❛❧❧②✳ ❚❤❡ ♥✉♠❜❡r ❛❢t❡r ❡❛❝❤ st❡♠ ✐s t❤❡

♥✉♠❜❡r ♦❢ ✐ts ♦❝❝✉r❡♥❝✐❡s ✐♥ tr❛♥s❧❛t❡❞ ❤❡r❡ ❤②♠♥s✳

indra ✷✵✻✶ ojas ✶✷✽ rayi ✻✼

soma ✹✹✻ ugra ✶✷✻ vipra ✻✼

viśva ✸✺✹ śavas ✶✶✹ satya ✻✼

han ✸✹✶ jana ✶✶✷ hūta ✻✼

pā ✸✷✸ jan ✶✶✵ savana ✻✻

vr..san ✸✵✺ dhı̄ ✶✵✼ yudh ✻✺

dyu ✸✵✹ sūrya ✶✵✼ rājan ✻✺

vr.tra ✸✵✵ avas ✶✵✻ san ✻✺

go ✷✽✵ aśva ✶✵✺ uru ✻✹

bhū ✷✺✾ yajña ✶✵✸ sakhya ✻✹

deva ✷✺✽ mad ✶✵✷ tanū ✻✸

dhā ✷✺✸ is. ✶✵✶ man ✻✸

suta ✷✺✸ bha ✾✽ sindhu ✻✸

vasu ✷✹✼ varun.a ✾✼ svar ✻✸

maghavan ✷✹✹ sthā ✾✼ arc ✻✷

vid ✷✵✽ rādhas ✾✻ sahas ✻✷

puru ✷✵✺ mah ✾✺ anya ✻✶

hari ✷✵✹ sahasra ✾✺ rodas ✻✶

yu ✶✾✻ pr.thivı̄ ✾✶ ahi ✻✵

nr. ✶✽✾ yuj ✾✶ antar ✺✽

ap ✶✽✻ rai ✾✶ bhūri ✺✽

vāja ✶✽✻ mahat ✽✾ śatru ✺✽

ūti ✶✽✷ sāti ✽✾ śravas ✺✽

vr.dh ✶✼✾ uktha ✽✼ andhas ✺✼

pati ✶✻✽ eka ✽✻ yaj ✺✼

yā ✶✻✸ br.hat ✽✻ tuvi ✺✺

vajra ✶✻✵ manas ✽✹ das ✺✹

brahman ✶✺✺ .rta ✽✸ pitr. ✺✹

dā ✶✺✸ vah ✽✸ vı̄rya ✺✹

mada ✶✹✾ stoma ✽✷ indu ✺✸

sakhi ✶✹✼ dhana ✽✵ cit ✺✸

śata ✶✹✸ pur ✽✵ parvata ✺✸

gir ✶✹✶ jaritr. ✼✺ pı̄ti ✺✸

agni ✶✹✵ vajrin ✼✹ dāsa ✺✶

kratu ✶✹✵ vı̄ra ✼✹ sva ✺✶

ratha ✶✹✵ sah ✼✸ cars.an.i ✺✵

śūra ✶✹✵ marut ✼✶ viś ✺✵

su ✶✸✺ madhu ✻✾ sacā ✺✵

✶✹✸✻

vr.t ✹✾ rāti ✹✵ vāc ✸✶

śus.ma ✹✾ sad ✸✾ śavis..tha ✸✶
ari ✹✽ hasta ✸✾ gā ✸✵
priya ✹✽ citra ✸✽ prathama ✸✵
mahi ✹✽ diva ✸✽ pūrva ✸✵
adrivat ✹✼ namas ✸✽ vayas ✸✵
jāta ✹✼ vājin ✸✽ samad ✸✵
bāhu ✹✼ śus.n.a ✸✽ adhvaryu ✷✾
bhara ✹✼ adya ✸✼ āyu ✷✾
martya ✹✼ kr.ta ✸✼ dr...dha ✷✾
viśvā ✹✼ tri ✸✼ dāna ✷✾
hava ✹✼ nı̄ ✸✼ narya ✷✾
us.as ✹✻ karman ✸✻ parā ✷✾
pūrvı̄ ✹✻ daśa ✸✻ bhuvana ✷✾
stuta ✹✻ bhadra ✸✻ vr.j ✷✾
harivant ✹✻ śruta ✸✻ vāhas ✷✾
bhid ✹✺ ubha ✸✺ .r.sva ✷✽
havya ✹✺ .r.si ✸✺ kāru ✷✽
arka ✹✹ kr..s.ti ✸✺ giri ✷✽
mahı̄ ✹✹ kavi ✸✺ purā ✷✽
mitra ✹✹ kutsa ✸✺ putra ✷✽
adri ✹✸ jyotis ✸✺ bhı̄ ✷✽
nūnam ✹✸ dyumna ✸✺ sumati ✷✽
barhis ✹✸ paum . sya ✸✺ sumna ✷✽
mātr. ✹✸ svasti ✸✺ amitra ✷✼
satrā ✹✸ ı̄śāna ✸✹ cakra ✷✼
stotr. ✹✸ māyā ✸✹ tan ✷✼
gomat ✹✷ vacas ✸✹ parāvat ✷✼
pr.tanā ✹✷ tamas ✸✸ vadha ✷✼
sac ✹✷ rajas ✸✸ vana ✷✼
samudra ✹✷ sadyas ✸✸ vidatha ✷✼
sat ✹✷ sūri ✸✸ hi ✷✼
adhvara ✹✶ āji ✸✷ aram ✷✻
kāma ✹✶ dhr..sn.u ✸✷ ı̄ks.a ✷✻
śacı̄ ✹✶ nāman ✸✷ vis.n.u ✷✻
śakra ✹✶ sadā ✸✷ vraja ✷✻
sapta ✹✶ avitr. ✸✶ śarman ✷✻
.rc ✹✵ kr.t ✸✶ sadha ✷✻
magha ✹✵ dhenu ✸✶ hita ✷✻
mahiman ✹✵ nr.tama ✸✶ pathin ✷✺
marutvant ✹✵ nadı̄ ✸✶ bādh ✷✺
mati ✹✵ puras ✸✶ mahas ✷✺
◆♦♥✲✈❡r❜ st❡♠s ❜② ❢r❡q✉❡♥❝② ✶✹✸✼

abhis..ti ✷✹ arvat ✷✵ daks.in.ā ✶✽

iha ✷✹ is..ti ✷✵ pr.t ✶✽
indriya ✷✹ .rjı̄s.in ✷✵ para ✶✽
ghr.ta ✷✹ dānu ✷✵ yoni ✶✽
tavis.ı̄ ✷✹ dātr. ✷✵ raks.as ✶✽
nava ✷✹ dasma ✷✵ varivas ✶✽
mı̄ ✷✹ pārthiva ✷✵ samāna ✶✽
vr.dha ✷✹ pratna ✷✵ spr.dh ✶✽
vāta ✷✹ pūrvya ✷✵ sus..tuti ✶✽
vara ✷✹ maha ✷✵ havis ✶✽
vı̄ ✷✹ manyu ✷✵ adeva ✶✼
āyus ✷✸ vr.jana ✷✵ anna ✶✼
dvis. ✷✸ vajrivat ✷✵ āśir ✶✼
marta ✷✸ śaśvat ✷✵ .rbhu ✶✼
yat ✷✸ sadana ✷✵ ks.atra ✶✼
vrata ✷✸ somya ✷✵ dhı̄ti ✶✼
śyena ✷✸ sthira ✷✵ navati ✶✼
sākam ✷✸ sudās ✷✵ paśu ✶✼
satvan ✷✸ svarājya ✷✵ pad ✶✼
āśu ✷✷ hr.d ✷✵ payas ✶✼
ārya ✷✷ ahan ✶✾ bhāga ✶✼
ukthya ✷✷ iti ✶✾ bhojana ✶✼
jit ✷✷ ks.aya ✶✾ yava ✶✼
dr.ś ✷✷ gātu ✶✾ rāj ✶✼
devı̄ ✷✷ tavas ✶✾ vatsa ✶✼
navya ✷✷ tura ✶✾ viśvatas ✶✼
budh ✷✷ mandasāna ✶✾ śambara ✶✼
manu ✷✷ ran.a ✶✾ śiras ✶✼
yuvan ✷✷ rocana ✶✾ sama ✶✼
śrı̄ ✷✷ śam . sa ✶✾ suśipra ✶✼
amr.ta ✷✶ haryata ✶✾ suvr.kti ✶✼
arvāc ✷✶ hatya ✶✾ suvı̄ra ✶✼
dāvan ✷✶ aṅgiras ✶✽ hotr. ✶✼
dhi ✷✶ agra ✶✽ aśvya ✶✻
prā ✷✶ anyaka ✶✽ anta ✶✻
bhaga ✷✶ arn.as ✶✽ anyat ✶✻
mam . his..tha ✷✶ ks.iti ✶✽ asura ✶✻
māyin ✷✶ kan.va ✶✽ atya ✶✻
manı̄s.ā ✷✶ cāru ✶✽ okas ✶✻
rūpa ✷✶ tmanā ✶✽ garbha ✶✻
sic ✷✶ toka ✶✽ janitrı̄ ✶✻
apas ✷✵ daks.a ✶✽ jyes..tha ✶✻
✶✹✸✽

tanaya ✶✻ vaśa ✶✺ tvas..t.r ✶✸

dru ✶✻ śacı̄vat ✶✺ tvāvat ✶✸
pr.thu ✶✻ śunam ✶✺ dhuni ✶✸
br.haspati ✶✻ sarva ✶✺ niyut ✶✸
manman ✶✻ suvı̄rya ✶✺ peya ✶✸
rı̄ ✶✻ hantama ✶✺ pratimāna ✶✸
vahni ✶✻ hiran.yaya ✶✺ pūs.an ✶✸
vala ✶✻ ubhaya ✶✹ bala ✶✸
vardhana ✶✻ ūrmi ✶✹ bhadrā ✶✸
vi ✶✻ ks.am ✶✹ madhya ✶✸
vip ✶✻ catur ✶✹ medha ✶✸
sukratu ✶✻ tigma ✶✹ yajñiya ✶✸
sūra ✶✻ dva ✶✹ raśmi ✶✸
svadhā ✶✻ dvitā ✶✹ ris. ✶✸
aśman ✶✺ dhāman ✶✹ loka ✶✸
aditi ✶✺ nūtana ✶✹ vāma ✶✸
arvāk ✶✺ pañca ✶✹ vāyu ✶✸
āyudha ✶✺ pada ✶✹ śiprin ✶✸
ks.ā ✶✺ bhuj ✶✹ śuddha ✶✸
gabhasti ✶✺ mahan ✶✹ sanāt ✶✸
grāvan ✶✺ rudra ✶✹ sanitr. ✶✸
turvaśa ✶✺ vāra ✶✹ hiran.ya ✶✸
divā ✶✺ varen.ya ✶✹ aśvin ✶✷
divya ✶✺ vedas ✶✹ abhı̄ka ✶✷
dhr..sat ✶✺ vedhas ✶✹ ahar ✶✷
pan.i ✶✺ śukra ✶✹ aktu ✶✷
pārya ✶✺ sam . jit ✶✹ atithigva ✶✷
patnı̄ ✶✺ am . śu ✶✸ ās ✶✷
pravat ✶✺ āre ✶✸ ūta ✶✷
prayas ✶✺ is.ita ✶✸ eva ✶✷
bhūmi ✶✺ upama ✶✸ ojis..tha ✶✷
mr.dh ✶✺ ūrj ✶✸ ketu ✶✷
mānus.a ✶✺ etaśa ✶✸ guhā ✶✷
maks.ū ✶✺ gr.ha ✶✸ candra ✶✷
manus ✶✺ gavya ✶✸ janitr. ✶✷
yaśas ✶✺ citrā ✶✸ jı̄ra ✶✷
yātu ✶✺ jat.hara ✶✸ tarutra ✶✷
yukta ✶✺ janus ✶✸ dı̄rgha ✶✷
rathı̄ ✶✺ tı̄vra ✶✸ durita ✶✷
ruc ✶✺ tuj ✶✸ dhanvan ✶✷
vr..san.a ✶✺ tur ✶✸ nr.mn.a ✶✷
vr.ddha ✶✺ tūyam ✶✸ pāra ✶✷
◆♦♥✲✈❡r❜ st❡♠s ❜② ❢r❡q✉❡♥❝② ✶✹✸✾

pātra ✶✷ jrayas ✶✶ urvı̄ ✶✵

puro..dāśa ✶✷ dadi ✶✶ ūrva ✶✵
bhı̄ma ✶✷ daks.in.a ✶✶ kr..sn.a ✶✵
bhūyas ✶✷ dasyu ✶✶ gopā ✶✵
mr.ga ✶✷ dhānā ✶✶ cyautna ✶✵
mādhyam . dina ✶✷ dhāyas ✶✶ jū ✶✵
madhumat ✶✷ nid ✶✶ druh ✶✵
vr..sn.ya ✶✷ pakva ✶✶ dus..tara ✶✵
vadhar ✶✷ pipru ✶✶ dves.as ✶✵
vasyas ✶✷ praśasti ✶✶ dhenā ✶✵
vı̄..du ✶✷ prathamam ✶✶ parama ✶✵
śı̄rs.an ✶✷ pūru ✶✶ parvan ✶✵
śus.min ✶✷ br.hatı̄ ✶✶ prātar ✶✵
sānu ✶✷ mahānt ✶✶ punar ✶✵
sajos.as ✶✷ mahis.a ✶✶ budhna ✶✵
samrāj ✶✷ majman ✶✶ bhiyas ✶✵
sanā ✶✷ mandin ✶✶ māda ✶✵
senā ✶✷ yāman ✶✶ yadu ✶✵
somin ✶✷ yuga ✶✶ yavasa ✶✵
stha ✶✷ yujya ✶✶ yūtha ✶✵
sūnu ✶✷ vr.ks.a ✶✶ ratna ✶✵
svarāj ✶✷ vapus ✶✶ vārya ✶✵
hati ✶✷ śam ✶✶ vis.u ✶✵
hūti ✶✷ śarad ✶✶ vı̄ti ✶✵
am . has ✶✶ śiva ✶✶ śaśamāna ✶✵
abhibhūti ✶✶ śubh ✶✶ śūs.a ✶✵
ardha ✶✶ sadman ✶✶ sāman ✶✵
artha ✶✶ sambhr.ta ✶✶ sarga ✶✵
astr. ✶✶ sthavira ✶✶ savitr. ✶✵
asurya ✶✶ sūnr.tā ✶✶ sutāvant ✶✵
atri ✶✶ svādu ✶✶ as.ā..dha ✾
āpi ✶✶ havana ✶✶ aśani ✾
āvis ✶✶ acyuta ✶✵ añc ✾
āyasa ✶✶ abhimāti ✶✵ abhaya ✾
is.a ✶✶ adhvan ✶✵ amati ✾
ks.a ✶✶ ajara ✶✵ apratı̄ta ✾
kāvya ✶✶ aks.a ✶✵ arvācı̄na ✾
kartr. ✶✶ amartya ✶✵ arvāvat ✾
gavy ✶✶ anyā ✶✵ asta ✾
girvanas ✶✶ aprati ✶✵ urvarā ✾
gotra ✶✶ ina ✶✵ usriyā ✾
camū ✶✶ uśanas ✶✵ .rjiśvan ✾
✶✹✹✵

os.a ✾ sāhya ✾ dāsı̄ ✽

kalaśa ✾ sadas ✾ dabhra ✽
karn.a ✾ sahasrin ✾ dara ✽
kośa ✾ sana ✾ didyu ✽
gan.a ✾ sani ✾ dravin.a ✽
ghana ✾ sara ✾ dur ✽
ghos.a ✾ sudughā ✾ dyumant ✽
caks.as ✾ supāra ✾ dhāna ✽
jā ✾ surādhas ✾ dhārā ✽
jāmi ✾ svayam ✾ dhātu ✽
jūta ✾ hantr. ✾ dhı̄ra ✽
tavis.a ✾ abhitas ✽ dhur ✽
trita ✾ aks.ita ✽ nr.tu ✽
tvis. ✾ anas ✽ nema ✽
dabhı̄ti ✾ anavadya ✽ paścāt ✽
diś ✾ anedya ✽ pipyus.ı̄ ✽
durmati ✾ anı̄ka ✽ pradivas ✽
duvas ✾ antama ✽ pravr.ddha ✽
dhr..satā ✾ apara ✽ prayasvant ✽
dharman ✾ arn.ava ✽ priyamedha ✽
dharun.a ✾ arāti ✽ barhan.ā ✽
nr.vat ✾ arus.a ✽ bhānu ✽
namuci ✾ aryaman ✽ bhoja ✽
navı̄yas ✾ avrata ✽ bhrātr. ✽
pr..s.tha ✾ ānus.ak ✽ mād ✽
pramati ✾ ārāt ✽ madira ✽
prapitva ✾ is.ama ✽ mahitva ✽
prasava ✾ ukthin ✽ mahitvā ✽
purutama ✾ upara ✽ yos.ā ✽
bhūman ✾ .rdh ✽ radhra ✽
mih ✾ .rjra ✽ vr..s.ti ✽
yudhma ✾ ks.ema ✽ varūtha ✽
vr..sn.i ✾ ks.on.ı̄ ✽ vastu ✽
vān.ı̄ ✾ keśin ✽ virapśin ✽
vanas ✾ kha ✽ vivāc ✽
varpas ✾ gāyatra ✽ śardhas ✽
vyacas ✾ cars.ani ✽ śrutya ✽
śam . sya ✾ chad ✽ śubhri ✽
śāka ✾ jagat ✽ sāsahi ✽
śavasāna ✾ janiman ✽ sadāsā ✽
śrat ✾ trātr. ✽ sthūra ✽
śuci ✾ tves.a ✽ sus.uta ✽
◆♦♥✲✈❡r❜ st❡♠s ❜② ❢r❡q✉❡♥❝② ✶✹✹✶

suhava ✽ purastāt ✼ ajurya ✻

suvita ✽ purutrā ✼ ama ✻
svā ✽ bahu ✼ amatra ✻
heti ✽ māhina ✼ arbuda ✻
aśus.a ✼ māna ✼ arya ✻
adharāt ✼ maghonı̄ ✼ asāmi ✻
agha ✼ marya ✼ asama ✻
andha ✼ muhur ✼ asmāka ✻
arvan ✼ yajatra ✼ astr.ta ✻
avadya ✼ yoga ✼ atka ✻
avani ✼ rāta ✼ ayuta ✻
avara ✼ ruśama ✼ udan ✻
avata ✼ vr.kta ✼ udara ✻
āṅgūs.a ✼ vr.ta ✼ upastha ✻
āditya ✼ vam . saga ✼ upastuti ✻
uttara ✼ vaks.an.ā ✼ utsa ✻
ūrdhva ✼ vanus ✼ .rn.a ✻
ks.etra ✼ varn.a ✼ .rkvan ✻
kāmya ✼ vicars.an.i ✼ .rtu ✻
kevala ✼ vivrata ✼ .rtuthā ✻
kuśika ✼ śakti ✼ ks.u ✻
kuks.i ✼ śaru ✼ ks.udh ✻
gabhı̄ra ✼ śloka ✼ kāra ✻
cyut ✼ śrus..ti ✼ karan.a ✻
trasadasyu ✼ śvas ✼ kartva ✻
tris ✼ sadhamādya ✼ keta ✻
turvan.i ✼ samarya ✼ kı̄ri ✻
tvāyā ✼ sapti ✼ kūrmi ✻
dam ✼ saras ✼ kuyava ✻
devatā ✼ sotr. ✼ gantr. ✻
duhitr. ✼ spārha ✼ gaya ✻
dūrāt ✼ stotra ✼ gotama ✻
dhr..sn.uyā ✼ sus.vi ✼ guhya ✻
nādh ✼ suga ✼ ghr..svi ✻
napāt ✼ sukr.ta ✼ citti ✻
navyas ✼ svarya ✼ coditr. ✻
pāda ✼ harita ✼ cumuri ✻
pakti ✼ havis.mant ✼ jantu ✻
panya ✼ aśasti ✻ javas ✻
pran.ı̄ti ✼ abhiśasti ✻ jetr. ✻
prajā ✼ adevı̄ ✻ jos.a ✻
pravan.a ✼ adhara ✻ jus..ta ✻
✶✹✹✷

jyākā ✻ vena ✻ asmayu ✺

tr.tsu ✻ vim . śati ✻ atas ✺
trikadruka ✻ vibhaktr. ✻ atharvan ✺
tugrya ✻ vibhu ✻ avr.ka ✺
tumra ✻ vibhūti ✻ ayajvan ✺
tūrya ✻ vimocana ✻ āśas ✺
tūtujāna ✻ vivasvat ✻ āśayāna ✺
tuvis.mant ✻ vyam . sa ✻ ābhū ✺
tuvinr.mn.a ✻ śam . tama ✻ āmā ✺
tvāvant ✻ ścut ✻ āna ✺
tvac ✻ śiprā ✻ āpya ✺
daivya ✻ śrut ✻ is.ira ✺
des.n.a ✻ śubhra ✻ is.u ✺
divodāsa ✻ sabādhas ✻ itthā ✺
dūra ✻ sadhryak ✻ uśij ✺
dvi ✻ saha ✻ ucatha ✺
dhr.t ✻ samitha ✻ udyata ✺
nau ✻ satı̄ ✻ uttarāt ✺
nemi ✻ saumanasa ✻ ūdhas ✺
pr.śni ✻ savya ✻ ūma ✺
pātr. ✻ snu ✻ .rbhvan ✺
pātama ✻ spr.ś ✻ es.an.a ✺
pāvan ✻ strı̄ ✻ eta ✺
pitu ✻ sudānu ✻ kr..sn.ā ✺
pradiv ✻ sū ✻ kr.ti ✺
pravācya ✻ suvajra ✻ kr.tnu ✺
prayata ✻ svavas ✻ kr.tvya ✺
pus..ti ✻ harit ✻ ks.umant ✺
pūrn.a ✻ am . śa ✺ kās..thā ✺
pūrvyam ✻ as..ta ✺ kara ✺
bhaks.a ✻ aśatru ✺ gādha ✺
bharadvāja ✻ aśvay ✺ gaura ✺
māvat ✻ abhibhū ✺ gūrta ✺
manı̄s.in ✻ adābhya ✺ ghora ✺
mithuna ✻ adhrigu ✺ cetana ✺
raks.as ✻ ajāmi ✺ codana ✺
rathya ✻ ajman ✺ cyavana ✺
ren.u ✻ ajra ✺ jāgr.vi ✺
vār ✻ anānata ✺ jāyā ✺
vartani ✻ apratiskuta ✺ jaitra ✺
vars.is..tha ✻ apūrvya ✺ jani ✺
vayuna ✻ asmatrā ✺ janya ✺
◆♦♥✲✈❡r❜ st❡♠s ❜② ❢r❡q✉❡♥❝② ✶✹✹✸

jes.a ✺ mr.dhra ✺ śres..tha ✺

jenya ✺ māruta ✺ śu ✺
jyā ✺ māsa ✺ śuci ✺
jyāyas ✺ mahānta ✺ śvaghnin ✺
jyok ✺ manā ✺ .sas. ✺
tapus ✺ mandra ✺ .sas..ti ✺
taran.i ✺ mantra ✺ sātama ✺
tman ✺ mard.itr. ✺ sāyaka ✺
dāman ✺ mayas ✺ sagan.a ✺
dānava ✺ mes.a ✺ samaran.a ✺
datra ✺ medhira ✺ samı̄ka ✺
drapsa ✺ medhyātithi ✺ samyañc ✺
druhyu ✺ mehanā ✺ saprathas ✺
dudhra ✺ yāma ✺ sarasvatı̄ ✺
durga ✺ yajata ✺ sasni ✺
duron.a ✺ yodha ✺ satas ✺
dhr..sita ✺ rathin ✺ saubhaga ✺
dhūta ✺ retas ✺ stavāna ✺
nābhi ✺ revat ✺ sthātr. ✺
nānā ✺ ruśat ✺ stubh ✺
nakta ✺ vr..santama ✺ sus..tuta ✺
namasya ✺ vr.jina ✺ sudaks.a ✺
nis..sidh ✺ vadhri ✺ sukr.t ✺
nı̄tha ✺ vanin ✺ sumanas ✺
nikāma ✺ varı̄yas ✺ suparn.a ✺
nireke ✺ variman ✺ suyuj ✺
pr.thak ✺ vasavya ✺ svaśva ✺
pajra ✺ vasis..tha ✺ svāhā ✺
paramā ✺ vastra ✺ svadhāvam .s ✺
paras ✺ vasvı̄ ✺ svasr. ✺
parı̄n.as ✺ vayā ✺ hanman ✺
paritakmyā ✺ viśvāhā ✺ hanu ✺
paura ✺ vicetas ✺ hata ✺
praśasta ✺ vrādhant ✺ hotrā ✺
prāñc ✺ vyoman ✺ aṅgirasvat ✹
pranetr. ✺ śaśvatı̄ ✺ aśna ✹
pratyañc ✺ śākin ✺ aśvavat ✹
pūrvyā ✺ śaran.a ✺ abhipitva ✹
bahula ✺ śimı̄vant ✺ aha ✹
barhas ✺ śravāyya ✺ ahı̄śuva ✹
bhr..s.ti ✺ śravasya ✺ aja ✹
bhr.gu ✺ śravasyā ✺ akr.ta ✹
✶✹✹✹

amānus.a ✹ coda ✹ pr.tanyat ✹

amita ✹ jagmi ✹ pāka ✹
anapacyuta ✹ jihva ✹ parāñc ✹
anarvan ✹ jihvā ✹ paris.ikta ✹
anindra ✹ jūti ✹ parus.n.ı̄ ✹
anutta ✹ tas..t.r ✹ pathyā ✹
apāra ✹ tarutr. ✹ pavitra ✹
apatya ✹ turı̄ya ✹ pı̄ta ✹
aris..ta ✹ turvı̄ti ✹ pos.a ✹
arun.a ✹ tūtuji ✹ pracetas ✹
arvant ✹ tva ✹ prasthita ✹
asmadryak ✹ tyad ✹ prathamā ✹
asunvant ✹ dr.m. hita ✹ pratnathā ✹
atra ✹ dam . sana ✹ prayantr. ✹
avr.ta ✹ daśagva ✹ priyā ✹
avama ✹ dama ✹ prus. ✹
āśus. ✹ devavant ✹ pūrvathā ✹
ārita ✹ deya ✹ pūta ✹
āsan ✹ didyut ✹ babhru ✹
āsı̄na ✹ druh ✹ bradhna ✹
āsuti ✹ dudh ✹ bhı̄s.ā ✹
āvr.ta ✹ dugdha ✹ bhuta ✹
upāke ✹ dureva ✹ bhūrn.i ✹
upahvara ✹ dvā ✹ mās ✹
urvi ✹ dyumnin ✹ madhyama ✹
usra ✹ dhr.ta ✹ madhyatas ✹
ūdhan ✹ dha ✹ madya ✹
ūdhar ✹ dhanu ✹ mahemati ✹
.rtviya ✹ dhartr. ✹ mahina ✹
okya ✹ dhiti ✹ makha ✹
kr.śa ✹ dhūr ✹ mandrā ✹
kr.tvan ✹ nāsatya ✹ marman ✹
kanı̄yas ✹ nada ✹ marutvat ✹
kiyat ✹ nara ✹ marutvatı̄ ✹
krivi ✹ navagva ✹ menā ✹
kuvid ✹ navyası̄ ✹ mı̄..dha ✹
khaja ✹ netr. ✹ mūra ✹
gambhı̄ra ✹ nis.ad ✹ mūrdhan ✹
girvan.as ✹ nı̄cā ✹ yāt ✹
gomatı̄ ✹ nimna ✹ yajvan ✹
grāma ✹ niyutvant ✹ yama ✹
gū..dha ✹ pr.ks. ✹ yos.an.ā ✹
◆♦♥✲✈❡r❜ st❡♠s ❜② ❢r❡q✉❡♥❝② ✶✹✹✺

raghu ✹ sadhrı̄cı̄ ✹ aśvāvant ✸

rasa ✹ sadhrı̄cı̄na ✹ añjas ✸
rathitama ✹ sahasrā ✹ abhidyu ✸
rekn.as ✹ sahuri ✹ abhı̄ru ✸
revan ✹ sajos.a ✹ abhikhyā ✸
rodası̄ ✹ sakhitva ✹ abhisvar ✸
rohita ✹ samanā ✹ abhra ✸
vr..sana ✹ samiddha ✹ abrahman ✸
vr.ka ✹ sanis.yu ✹ ad ✸
vr.thā ✹ sap ✹ adabdha ✸
vaśin ✹ satyā ✹ adhama ✸
vahis..tha ✹ sayāvan ✹ adhas ✸
vandana ✹ sı̄rā ✹ adhivaktr. ✸
varāha ✹ skambhana ✹ aghāyu ✸
varis..tha ✹ spr.h ✹ agru ✸
varūtr. ✹ spr.t ✹ ajñāta ✸
vavra ✹ spaś ✹ akra ✸
vedana ✹ sravantı̄ ✹ amā ✸
vis..tap ✹ sruti ✹ amarman ✸
vidat ✹ stı̄rn.a ✹ amavat ✸
vı̄ta ✹ stuti ✹ amitraya ✸
vij ✹ suśravastama ✹ anādhr..sya ✸
vitantasāyya ✹ subhaga ✹ anānuda ✸
vivaks.an.a ✹ sudhita ✹ ananta ✸
vyus..ti ✹ supeśas ✹ anehas ✸
śāsa ✹ sutrāman ✹ anehasa ✸
śagma ✹ suvāna ✹ anu ✸
śamı̄ ✹ svādman ✹ apād ✸
śardha ✹ svabhis..ti ✹ apāk ✸
śarı̄ra ✹ svadhāvant ✹ aparā ✸
śmaśru ✹ svarn.ara ✹ aparihvr.ta ✸
śocis ✹ svarmı̄..dha ✹ aparı̄ta ✸
śrāta ✹ svarvat ✹ apihita ✸
śus.mintama ✹ svarvatı̄ ✹ apı̄vr.ta ✸
śurudh ✹ hatha ✹ arn.a ✸
.sas.ti ✹ hiran.yavat ✹ arśasāna ✸
sam . yat ✹ hrada ✹ aran.a ✸
sāc ✹ am . śumatı̄ ✸ arādhas ✸
sādhu ✹ aṅga ✸ arbha ✸
sānasi ✹ aṅkuśa ✸ aris.an.yant ✸
sārathi ✹ aśan ✸ arus.ı̄ ✸
sacetas ✹ aśiva ✸ asmaka ✸
✶✹✹✻

asus.vi ✸ karhi ✸ tāti ✸

asunvat ✸ keśa ✸ takta ✸
asuta ✸ kila ✸ tan ✸
avamā ✸ kim ✸ tanyatu ✸
avapāna ✸ krandas ✸ tapas ✸
avis..tha ✸ kratumant ✸ tara ✸
ayāsya ✸ khāda ✸ taturi ✸
ayajyu ✸ gr.bh ✸ tavı̄yas ✸
ayuddha ✸ gāya ✸ tugra ✸
ān.d.a ✸ gadhya ✸ turās.āh ✸
āśis ✸ gandharva ✸ tūrn.i ✸
ābhr.ta ✸ gavyā ✸ tūrvayān.a ✸
āghr.n.i ✸ gı̄yamāna ✸ tvaks.as ✸
ākara ✸ godhā ✸ dam . sas ✸
āptya ✸ goha ✸ daśon.i ✸
ārjuneya ✸ govid ✸ dāśu ✸
āsura ✸ gu ✸ dāsvant ✸
idā ✸ ghr..su ✸ dāta ✸
iddha ✸ gharma ✸ dātra ✸
inva ✸ caks.us ✸ dadhyac ✸
ı̄dr.ś ✸ cakri ✸ damūnas ✸
us..tra ✸ cakrı̄ ✸ darśata ✸
uśatı̄ ✸ camasa ✸ dasra ✸
uda ✸ candramas ✸ datta ✸
ugrā ✸ caratha ✸ devatrā ✸
usriya ✸ carkr.tya ✸ dos.ā ✸
uttama ✸ catasr. ✸ dohas ✸
uttarā ✸ caya ✸ dravat ✸
ūrdhvā ✸ citratama ✸ dron.a ✸
.rti ✸ chid ✸ dugha ✸
enas ✸ jña ✸ dundubhi ✸
etāvat ✸ jamadagni ✸ dura ✸
odana ✸ janman ✸ durevā ✸
auśija ✸ jariman ✸ duryon.a ✸
aurn.avābha ✸ jis.n.u ✸ dūram ✸
kr.trima ✸ jı̄va ✸ dūta ✸
ks.an.a ✸ jita ✸ dvis ✸
ks.āma ✸ jivri ✸ dyut ✸
ks.ı̄ra ✸ tr..s ✸ dhanva ✸
kān.va ✸ tr..sān.a ✸ nārı̄ ✸
kārin ✸ tr.tı̄ya ✸ nāvyā ✸
kanı̄na ✸ tas..ta ✸ nabhas ✸
◆♦♥✲✈❡r❜ st❡♠s ❜② ❢r❡q✉❡♥❝② ✶✹✹✼

nakis ✸ prasū ✸ mithas ✸

namasvin ✸ pratūrti ✸ mithatı̄ ✸
namı̄ ✸ prayajyu ✸ mna ✸
navā ✸ prayat ✸ yād ✸
navı̄yası̄ ✸ pus..ta ✸ yādva ✸
navyam ✸ purı̄s.a ✸ yātr. ✸
nidhāna ✸ purus..tuta ✸ yāvat ✸
nidhi ✸ purukutsa ✸ yahvı̄ ✸
nihita ✸ purumāya ✸ yant ✸
nı̄ti ✸ pūrvā ✸ yatasruc ✸
nivid ✸ phaliga ✸ yatı̄ ✸
nūtna ✸ phena ✸ yojana ✸
nyak ✸ bādha ✸ yuvati ✸
pr.ks.a ✸ bādhita ✸ ran.va ✸
pr.tan ✸ baddha ✸ rabhasa ✸
pañcāśat ✸ bahulā ✸ rava ✸
pājas ✸ bandhu ✸ revant ✸
pākasthāman ✸ barhis.mant ✸ rodhas ✸
pāna ✸ bibhratı̄ ✸ vr.cı̄vat ✸
pāvaka ✸ brahman.y ✸ vr.tta ✸
pāyu ✸ bunda ✸ vāghat ✸
paijavana ✸ bhr.ti ✸ vāh ✸
parn.a ✸ bharata ✸ vadhū ✸
paracais ✸ bheda ✸ vadhūyu ✸
paris..ti ✸ bhı̄ta ✸ vandhura ✸
pariśayāna ✸ bhojas ✸ vars.man ✸
paridhi ✸ mr.dhas ✸ varas ✸
parijman ✸ mr.gaya ✸ varcas ✸
pavi ✸ mānya ✸ varcin ✸
pı̄yūs.a ✸ mātariśvan ✸ vartr. ✸
prāk ✸ mātrā ✸ vartamāna ✸
prāsah ✸ madhumattama ✸ vasutvana ✸
prabhr.ti ✸ madhyamā ✸ vavri ✸
prabharman ✸ madintama ✸ vayam ✸
prabhū ✸ madrik ✸ vayya ✸
pradhana ✸ maghatti ✸ venya ✸
pradiś ✸ maghavat ✸ vetasu ✸
prajñā ✸ mahāmaha ✸ vis.ūcı̄ ✸
praketa ✸ mahant ✸ viśvadha ✸
prasaks.in ✸ mahin ✸ vidāna ✸
praskan.va ✸ medhā ✸ vı̄..dita ✸
prasravan.a ✸ mita ✸ vimada ✸
✶✹✹✽

vipāś ✸ sarūpa ✸ abhijñu ✷

vipanyu ✸ sasahi ✸ abhivr.ta ✷
vipipāna ✸ satyam ✸ abhivlag ✷
vithura ✸ sim. ha ✸ abhiyuj ✷
vyati ✸ sina ✸ abhva ✷
śr.ṅga ✸ sravat ✸ abhyañjana ✷
śāradı̄ ✸ sridh ✸ abhyāvartin ✷
śaryan.āvat ✸ starı̄ ✸ abibhı̄vaṅs ✷
śasta ✸ stavan ✸ abudhyamāna ✷
śatin ✸ stomya ✸ acakrā ✷
ścandra ✸ subhagā ✸ adāśvaṅs ✷
śi ✸ subhū ✸ adāman ✷
śiśna ✸ sudam . sas ✸ addhā ✷
śipra ✸ suhana ✸ adevayu ✷
śon.a ✸ sukha ✸ adhr..s.ta ✷
śrı̄ta ✸ sumr...dı̄ka ✸ adharāñc ✷
śrotr. ✸ sumakha ✸ adhaspada ✷
śundhyu ✸ sunı̄tha ✸ adruh ✷
śvan ✸ sut ✸ aghnya ✷
śyāvāśva ✸ sutapāvan ✸ agriya ✷
.sat. ✸ suti ✸ ahasta ✷
sr.jāna ✸ sutuka ✸ ahe..d ✷
sam . dr.ś ✸ suvı̄rā ✸ ahı̄ ✷
sam . gama ✸ svāpi ✸ ahraya ✷
sam . sad ✸ svaks.atra ✸ ajāta ✷
sam . stha ✸ svana ✸ ajira ✷
sā ✸ svani ✸ aks.etra ✷
sādana ✸ svapatya ✸ akavāri ✷
sāva ✸ svarvant ✸ amr.dhra ✷
sadr.śı̄ ✸ svojas ✸ amr.dhrā ✷
sadhastuti ✸ harmya ✸ amr.ktā ✷
sahasrin.ı̄ ✸ havı̄man ✸ amina ✷
sajūr ✸ hyas ✸ anr.ta ✷
saks.an.i ✸ aṅgirastama ✷ anr.ta ✷
sakhı̄y ✸ aṅgirasvant ✷ anā ✷
samr.ti ✸ aśri ✷ anāśu ✷
samana ✸ aśrı̄ra ✷ anapavr.t ✷
samı̄cı̄na ✸ aśvavatı̄ ✷ anenas ✷
sammiśla ✸ abandhu ✷ animis.a ✷
sanı̄..da ✸ abhakta ✷ antara ✷
sanutar ✸ abhı̄ ✷ antarā ✷
saramā ✸ abhı̄śu ✷ antariks.a ✷
◆♦♥✲✈❡r❜ st❡♠s ❜② ❢r❡q✉❡♥❝② ✶✹✹✾

anti ✷ āṅgirasa ✷ upaśruti ✷

anus..tuti ✷ āśvamedha ✷ upāka ✷
anuśis..ta ✷ ābhaga ✷ upabda ✷
anukāma ✷ ābhu ✷ upamāti ✷
anuttamanyu ✷ ādr. ✷ uparā ✷
anūna ✷ ādiś ✷ upari ✷
anuvrata ✷ āgas ✷ upastuta ✷
anyathā ✷ āhava ✷ urā ✷
apaśrita ✷ ājya ✷ usrā ✷
apāñc ✷ āmur ✷ utsava ✷
apagur ✷ ānava ✷ ūru ✷
aparājita ✷ āpitva ✷ .rbhvas ✷
apavrata ✷ āruja ✷ .rdhak ✷
api ✷ āsaṅga ✷ .rdu ✷
apramr..sya ✷ āsthā ✷ .rghāvant ✷
aptūrya ✷ āsya ✷ .rj ✷
apūpavant ✷ ātā ✷ .rjı̄ka ✷
ara ✷ ātithigva ✷ .rjı̄pin ✷
arajju ✷ āyası̄ ✷ .rjipya ✷
araks.as ✷ is.irā ✷ .rks.a ✷
araru ✷ is.kartr. ✷ .rtāvan ✷
aratha ✷ i..dā ✷ .rtāvarı̄ ✷
aratni ✷ ibha ✷ .rte ✷
arbhaka ✷ idhma ✷ .rtviyavatı̄ ✷
arjuna ✷ inatama ✷ es.a ✷
arkin ✷ indrota ✷ enā ✷
armaka ✷ iyat ✷ enı̄ ✷
asant ✷ ı̄d.ya ✷ etr. ✷
asat ✷ ı̄rmā ✷ ojāy ✷
asat ✷ ı̄vat ✷ ojı̄yaṅs ✷
asinvant ✷ uśanā ✷ opaśa ✷
asnātr. ✷ ubhā ✷ kr.śānu ✷
atasa ✷ uccā ✷ kr.pa ✷
atrin ✷ udadhi ✷ ks.ap ✷
atrin ✷ udak ✷ ks.iyant ✷
avāta ✷ udbhid ✷ ks.mā ✷
avadhra ✷ udita ✷ ks.udra ✷
avasita ✷ udrin ✷ ks.ura ✷
avipra ✷ udvr..s ✷ kan.vavat ✷
ayas ✷ uks.ita ✷ kāśi ✷
ayatha ✷ ukta ✷ kākud ✷
ayukta ✷ ulūka ✷ kānı̄ta ✷
✶✹✺✵

kāti ✷ citraśravastama ✷ tūtuma ✷

kaks.a ✷ citta ✷ tvayatā ✷
kaks.ı̄vat ✷ codayat ✷ tvis.imat ✷
kaks.yaprā ✷ cyuta ✷ tyajas ✷
kakubh ✷ chardis ✷ dr.śı̄ka ✷
kakuha ✷ jānu ✷ dam . sanāvant ✷
kanyā ✷ jāra ✷ dam . sis..tha ✷
karambha ✷ jātū ✷ daśadyu ✷
karambhin ✷ jambha ✷ daśavraja ✷
karasna ✷ janı̄ ✷ dāti ✷
karvara ✷ jaya ✷ dātu ✷
keśya ✷ jigı̄vam .s ✷ dadhan ✷
kı̄rin ✷ jı̄ri ✷ dadhi ✷
kimı̄din ✷ jı̄vātu ✷ daivı̄ ✷
kiran.a ✷ jus..tā ✷ daks.in.āvant ✷
kiyedhā ✷ jus.ān.a ✷ daks.in.āvat ✷
kulyā ✷ juhū ✷ daks.in.atas ✷
kutas ✷ jujus.vant ✷ damitr. ✷
khedā ✷ jūr ✷ darman ✷
gr.bhı̄ta ✷ jyāyam .s ✷ dartr. ✷
gr.hya ✷ jyais..thya ✷ devatāt ✷
gr.tsa ✷ tanā ✷ devay ✷
gāthā ✷ tantu ✷ dı̄rgham ✷
gama ✷ tapta ✷ dina ✷
gardabha ✷ taras ✷ dravin.as ✷
gavis. ✷ tarasvin ✷ dravitnu ✷
girvan.astama ✷ tatr..sān.a ✷ druhvan ✷
gnā ✷ tata ✷ duh.śam . sa ✷
gośarya ✷ tejas ✷ dus.kr.t ✷
goduh ✷ tejis..thā ✷ duścyavana ✷
grābha ✷ tı̄rtha ✷ dudhita ✷
grı̄va ✷ tisra ✷ dughāna ✷
gūrti ✷ tośa ✷ durādhı̄ ✷
ghr.tācı̄ ✷ tra ✷ durgaha ✷
ghr.tavant ✷ trā ✷ durmada ✷
ghna ✷ trim . śat ✷ durmitra ✷
ghorā ✷ trim . śata ✷ dūd.hı̄ ✷
cāyamāna ✷ triśoka ✷ dūn.āśa ✷
canas ✷ trı̄ ✷ dūre ✷
candravat ✷ tuñja ✷ dvipād ✷
caru ✷ tuji ✷ dyumattama ✷
cikit ✷ tūtujānā ✷ dhānāvat ✷
◆♦♥✲✈❡r❜ st❡♠s ❜② ❢r❡q✉❡♥❝② ✶✹✺✶

dhāraya ✷ nitya ✷ prācı̄na ✷

dhāsi ✷ niveśana ✷ prāya ✷
dhātr. ✷ nodhas ✷ prabhr.ta ✷
dhes..thā ✷ nyr..s.ta ✷ prabhr.tā ✷
dheya ✷ nyartha ✷ prabhartr. ✷
dhis. ✷ pr..satı̄ ✷ prabhu ✷
dhı̄ta ✷ pr.thivi ✷ prabrū ✷
dhı̄vant ✷ pr.thivı̄ ✷ pradaks.in.it ✷
dhiyasāna ✷ pānta ✷ pradhi ✷
dhunimatı̄ ✷ pāpa ✷ prajāvat ✷
dhūrti ✷ pāpatva ✷ prajāvatı̄ ✷
dhvānta ✷ pārāvata ✷ prapathin ✷
dhvaja ✷ pacant ✷ prasiti ✷
nr.t ✷ pacata ✷ prasūtā ✷
nābhakavat ✷ paks.a ✷ pratara ✷
nāhus.i ✷ paktha ✷ prataran.a ✷
nāva ✷ papri ✷ pratibhr.ta ✷
nāya ✷ papuri ✷ pratı̄ka ✷
nagna ✷ parn.aya ✷ pratikāmam ✷
nahus ✷ parn.in ✷ pratnā ✷
naks.atra ✷ parśāna ✷ pratnavat ✷
nakı̄m ✷ parśu ✷ prayati ✷
naktam ✷ parāśara ✷ prayuj ✷
nama ✷ paramajyā ✷ prayuta ✷
namasvant ✷ pari ✷ pres..tha ✷
navatı̄ ✷ paris..thita ✷ pum .s ✷
nedis..tham ✷ paris..thitā ✷ punāna ✷
nih.sr.j ✷ paris.kr.ta ✷ pura ✷
nin.ya ✷ parı̄n.asā ✷ purān.a ✷
nis..thā ✷ paripad ✷ purān.avat ✷
nis..tur ✷ parisikta ✷ br.bu ✷
nis..tya ✷ parivr.ta ✷ bat. ✷
nis.aṅgin ✷ parivr.tā ✷ bali ✷
nis.atta ✷ parjanya ✷ barhan.āvat ✷
nis.kr.ta ✷ parvaśas ✷ bila ✷
niśita ✷ patatrin ✷ brahman.ya ✷
nibhr.ta ✷ peśas ✷ bhr.mi ✷
nı̄pātithi ✷ piś ✷ bhr.t ✷
nimiśla ✷ piśaṅga ✷ bhā ✷
ninitsu ✷ pı̄yu ✷ bhāma ✷
nipūta ✷ prāśu ✷ bhārata ✷
nireka ✷ prācā ✷ bhandanā ✷
✶✹✺✷

bhartr. ✷ yavamat ✷ vaktr. ✷

bhavya ✷ yavyā ✷ vamra ✷
bhaya ✷ yoktra ✷ vanu ✷
bhiyāna ✷ yujāna ✷ varaśikha ✷
bhoga ✷ yūti ✷ vardhamāna ✷
bhrātra ✷ yuvāku ✷ varı̄man ✷
bhuri ✷ ram . hi ✷ vasumant ✷
bhūta ✷ ran.ya ✷ vasūy ✷
mam . hanā ✷ rās..tra ✷ vedi ✷
mādana ✷ rāśi ✷ vedyā ✷
mākis ✷ rādha ✷ vepas ✷
mānus.ı̄ ✷ raji ✷ vis.un.a ✷
mānus ✷ rasa ✷ viśruta ✷
mārd.ı̄ka ✷ rasin ✷ viśvāmitra ✷
madhyandina ✷ rathira ✷ viśvadhenā ✷
madis..tha ✷ rauhin.a ✷ viśvahā ✷
madryak ✷ rayivat ✷ vibhā ✷
madvan ✷ revatı̄ ✷ vibhū ✷
maghavant ✷ ribh ✷ vicaks.an.a ✷
mahitvanā ✷ rip ✷ vidyut ✷
mandi ✷ rocamāna ✷ vihavya ✷
manus.vat ✷ rodhana ✷ vı̄ravant ✷
manus.ya ✷ rohin.ı̄ ✷ vı̄ravat ✷
manyamāna ✷ rudriya ✷ vimuc ✷
martyatrā ✷ vr..sāya ✷ viprā ✷
mata ✷ vr..san ✷ vipratama ✷
mayūra ✷ vr.dh ✷ virukmant ✷
min ✷ vat.ūrin ✷ virūpa ✷
mithu ✷ vaṅku ✷ vitaram ✷
mogham ✷ vañc ✷ vrā ✷
mraks.a ✷ vān.a ✷ vrāta ✷
mus..ti ✷ vājinı̄ ✷ vrandin ✷
mus.ka ✷ vāran.a ✷ vyaśva ✷
muhuka ✷ vāvātr. ✷ vyacasvant ✷
muhūrta ✷ vacana ✷ vyathis ✷
yaśasvat ✷ vacasyā ✷ śr.ṅgin ✷
yāta ✷ vadha ✷ śr.ta ✷
yātumatı̄ ✷ vadhatra ✷ śam . sant ✷
yahva ✷ vagnu ✷ śaśvattamam ✷
yaks.u ✷ vahatu ✷ śāśvasat ✷
yathā ✷ vaidathina ✷ śāci ✷
yati ✷ vaks.an.a ✷ śāmbara ✷
◆♦♥✲✈❡r❜ st❡♠s ❜② ❢r❡q✉❡♥❝② ✶✹✺✸

śāpa ✷ sacābhū ✷ sruva ✷

śāryāta ✷ sadam ✷ stena ✷
śacis..tha ✷ sahāvan ✷ sthāna ✷
śama ✷ sahasā ✷ sti ✷
śana ✷ sahasradhārā ✷ stuvant ✷
śapha ✷ sahasram ✷ sus.aha ✷
śara ✷ sahasvant ✷ suśravas ✷
śardhant ✷ sahasvat ✷ sudāman ✷
śatānı̄kā ✷ sahavan ✷ sudeva ✷
śatadura ✷ sahūti ✷ sudhı̄ ✷
śatamagha ✷ sajāta ✷ sudhura ✷
śatavat ✷ sajitvan ✷ sudina ✷
śavası̄ ✷ sakr.t ✷ sudru ✷
śayatha ✷ samr.ta ✷ sugopā ✷
śes.as ✷ samadvan ✷ suhantu ✷
śevadhi ✷ samidhāna ✷ sukr.tā ✷
śiśu ✷ samokas ✷ sukr.tvan ✷
śı̄bham ✷ samudriya ✷ sukr.tyā ✷
śimyu ✷ sam. varan.a ✷ suks.atra ✷
śivatama ✷ sam. vivye ✷ suks.iti ✷
śmaśāru ✷ sanajā ✷ sumantu ✷
śro ✷ sanemi ✷ sumat ✷
śrona ✷ sanı̄..dā ✷ sumedhas ✷
śus.ka ✷ sanyas ✷ supān.i ✷
śubhrā ✷ saparyu ✷ suparn.a ✷
śulka ✷ saptati ✷ suprāvı̄ ✷
śūs.ya ✷ saratha ✷ suprāvya ✷
śūna ✷ saratham ✷ surā ✷
śvātra ✷ sarvarathā ✷ surāma ✷
śveta ✷ sarvatātā ✷ suratha ✷
śyāvaka ✷ sasarparı̄ ✷ suratna ✷
sr.ka ✷ satı̄na ✷ suruc ✷
sam . ga ✷ sauśravasa ✷ surūpa ✷
sam . krandana ✷ sauvaśvya ✷ sūkta ✷
sādhis..tha ✷ sava ✷ sūnr.ta ✷
sāh ✷ seka ✷ sūnr.tāvat ✷
sāna ✷ senya ✷ sūr ✷
sāpta ✷ sima ✷ suveda ✷
sāpya ✷ snā ✷ suyajña ✷
sāta ✷ sphigı̄ ✷ suyavasa ✷
sabar ✷ srakti ✷ svaśvya ✷
sabhā ✷ srotyā ✷ svādhı̄ ✷
✶✹✺✹

svāyudha ✷ aśvasātama ✶ abhiyugvan ✶

svabhı̄śu ✷ aśvatha ✶ abhrātr.vya ✶
svadhāvat ✷ aśvavant ✶ abhriya ✶
svadhvara ✷ aśvayā ✶ abhuñjat ✶
svagūrta ✷ aśvina ✶ abrahmatā ✶
svapas ✷ aśviya ✶ abudhna ✶
svapastama ✷ añjasā ✶ abudhya ✶
svapasyā ✷ añjası̄ ✶ acakra ✶
svapati ✷ añjası̄nā ✶ acetas ✶
svapna ✷ abadhira ✶ achāya ✶
svatavas ✷ abala ✶ achidrodhnı̄ ✶
sveduhavya ✷ abhis..r.s.ta ✶ achokti ✶
hāriyojana ✷ abhis..tana ✶ acit ✶
hās ✷ abhis.āc ✶ acitta ✶
hars.yā ✷ abhiśnatha ✶ adr.pta ✶
harin ✷ abhiśris. ✶ adāśu ✶
haryat ✷ abhibhaṅga ✶ adāśuri ✶
hastin ✷ abhibhañjı̄ ✶ adāśūs.tara ✶
hatā ✷ abhibhu ✶ adāna ✶
havamāna ✷ abhibhū ✶ adabha ✶
havis.matı̄ ✷ abhibhūtara ✶ aday ✶
havyā ✷ abhicaks.ya ✶ adaya ✶
himā ✷ abhı̄ ✶ adhr..s.tā ✶
hiran.yayā ✷ abhı̄ti ✶ adha ✶
hiran.yayı̄ ✷ abhiks.attr. ✶ adharacı̄na ✶
hitā ✷ abhikhyātr. ✶ adhastāt ✶
hvr. ✷ abhikram ✶ adhibhojana ✶
am. hūran.ā ✶ abhikratu ✶ adhinı̄yamāna ✶
am. rta ✶ abhimāna ✶ adhirukmā ✶
am. satra ✶ abhinaks.ant ✶ adhivāka ✶
as.atara ✶ abhinetr. ✶ adman ✶
aṅkin ✶ abhinna ✶ admasad ✶
aśāsya ✶ abhiprabhaṅgin ✶ adrogha ✶
aśanimant ✶ abhisatvan ✶ adroha ✶
aśasta ✶ abhisena ✶ adus.kr.t ✶
aśı̄ti ✶ abhivr.tā ✶ adugdhā ✶
aśrāta ✶ abhivap ✶ advan ✶
aśrama ✶ abhivayas ✶ adyā ✶
aśu ✶ abhivega ✶ adyut ✶
aśvā ✶ abhivı̄ra ✶ agastya ✶
aśvā ✶ abhivı̄tā ✶ agha ✶
aśvāvat ✶ abhivlaṅga ✶ aghā ✶
◆♦♥✲✈❡r❜ st❡♠s ❜② ❢r❡q✉❡♥❝② ✶✹✺✺

aghnat ✶ akudhryak ✶ anāpta ✶

aghnyā ✶ akumāra ✶ anārambhan.a ✶
agnivant ✶ akūpāra ✶ anās ✶
ago ✶ alātr.n.a ✶ anāyudha ✶
agohya ✶ alalābhavantı̄ ✶ anaks. ✶
agopā ✶ alina ✶ anaks.ā ✶
agorudha ✶ amr.kta ✶ anamasyu ✶
agre ✶ amr.tatva ✶ anamı̄vā ✶
agu ✶ amājur ✶ ananubhūtı̄ ✶
ahr.n.āna ✶ amātra ✶ ananudis..ta ✶
ahardr..sa ✶ amahı̄yamānā ✶ ananukr.tya ✶
ahastā ✶ aman ✶ anapasphura ✶
ahim . santı̄ ✶ amantu ✶ anapinaddha ✶
ahihatya ✶ amanyamāna ✶ anarśa ✶
ahimāya ✶ amarta ✶ anarśani ✶
ahita ✶ amartyā ✶ anarva ✶
ahnavāyya ✶ amatrin ✶ anarviś ✶
ahrayān.a ✶ amavant ✶ anastha ✶
ahri ✶ ambarı̄s.a ✶ anatidbhuta ✶
ahrutapsu ✶ ambhr.n.a ✶ anavāya ✶
ajā ✶ amema ✶ anavadyā ✶
ajana ✶ amhu ✶ andhā ✶
ajara ✶ amitā ✶ anis..t.rta ✶
ajarā ✶ amitam ✶ anis.kr.ta ✶
ajasra ✶ amithita ✶ aniśita ✶
ajavas ✶ amitriya ✶ anibhr..s.ta ✶
ajos.a ✶ amūra ✶ anı̄..da ✶
ajus..ti ✶ anr.c ✶ animāna ✶
ajur ✶ anr.tra ✶ anindrā ✶
ajūryat ✶ anr.tu ✶ aniveśanā ✶
ajyamāna ✶ ana..duh ✶ antamā ✶
aks.ara ✶ anaśva ✶ anus..thā ✶
aks.iyant ✶ anāśasta ✶ anus.vāpam ✶
akāma ✶ anābhayin ✶ anuśāsana ✶
akalpa ✶ anābhū ✶ anudeya ✶
akarman ✶ anādhr..s.ta ✶ anudhūpita ✶
akava ✶ anādhr..s.tā ✶ anugra ✶
akavā ✶ anāgāstva ✶ anumādya ✶
aketu ✶ anāmr.n.a ✶ anumati ✶
akharva ✶ anāmin ✶ anunu ✶
akta ✶ anāpasphurantı̄ ✶ anupūrvam ✶
aktā ✶ anāpi ✶ anuspas..ta ✶
✶✹✺✻

anusrayāman ✶ apı̄cya ✶ aris..ti ✶

anuttā ✶ apı̄ti ✶ aris.yant ✶
anūnā ✶ apikaks.a ✶ arı̄..dha ✶
anūpā ✶ apit ✶ ariprā ✶
anūrmi ✶ apivātay ✶ aritra ✶
anūti ✶ apnas ✶ arun.ı̄ ✶
anuvitta ✶ apnasvatı̄ ✶ aruśa ✶
anuyam ✶ apraśasta ✶ aruc ✶
anvañc ✶ aprāmisatya ✶ arugn.a ✶
anyatas ✶ aprāyu ✶ aruta ✶
anyatra ✶ aprahan ✶ arvañc ✶
apr̄. ✶ aprahita ✶ arvāṅ ✶
apaścāt ✶ apraja ✶ asam . yatta ✶
apāda ✶ apraks.ita ✶ asamas..ta ✶
apāka ✶ apratā ✶ asamā ✶
apākā ✶ apratis.kuta ✶ asamāti ✶
apāktāt ✶ apratidhr..s.ta ✶ asamana ✶
apālā ✶ apratimāna ✶ asana ✶
apārā ✶ apratisktuta ✶ asanā ✶
apāt ✶ aprayuch ✶ asi ✶
apāvr.ktā ✶ apsas ✶ asiknı̄ ✶
apāvr.ta ✶ apurus.a ✶ asinva ✶
apāvr.ti ✶ apūpa ✶ asinvā ✶
apabādh ✶ apvā ✶ askrd.hoyu ✶
apaciti ✶ arn.ā ✶ asmadryañc ✶
apadhā ✶ arśa ✶ asmatrāñc ✶
apadı̄ ✶ aran.i ✶ aspr.ta ✶
apadus.pad ✶ aran.ya ✶ asridh ✶
apagoha ✶ arat.va ✶ asridha ✶
apagū..dha ✶ arātivan ✶ astamı̄ke ✶
apalāśa ✶ arāvan ✶ asthā ✶
apapitva ✶ arāya ✶ asthan ✶
aparı̄ ✶ aradhra ✶ asu ✶
aparivis..ta ✶ aramanas ✶ asunvā ✶
aparvan ✶ ararivam .s ✶ asuratva ✶
apasphura ✶ arbhā ✶ asuratvā ✶
apasya ✶ arcat ✶ asūrya ✶
apavartr. ✶ arcatrya ✶ atr.pn.uvant ✶
apeśas ✶ arcis ✶ atandra ✶
apiśarvara ✶ aren.u ✶ atasāyya ✶
apidhāna ✶ arepas ✶ atasāyyā ✶
apidhānavant ✶ arharisvani ✶ atasi ✶
◆♦♥✲✈❡r❜ st❡♠s ❜② ❢r❡q✉❡♥❝② ✶✹✺✼

atathā ✶ aviks.ita ✶ āhāva ✶

atavyas ✶ avikrı̄ta ✶ āhanas ✶
atis..thant ✶ aviran.a ✶ āhuta ✶
atis..thantı̄ ✶ avivena ✶ āhū ✶
atis.ita ✶ avivenant ✶ āhvayamāna ✶
atidı̄vya ✶ avyanant ✶ ājñātr. ✶
atimati ✶ avyathi ✶ ājuhvāna ✶
atinı̄ ✶ avyathin ✶ āks.ān.a ✶
atipāraya ✶ avyaya ✶ ākāyya ✶
atividdha ✶ aya ✶ ākhan.d.ala ✶
atūrta ✶ ayā ✶ āmarı̄tr. ✶
atūtuji ✶ ayāman ✶ āmiślatama ✶
avr.katama ✶ ayās ✶ āmis ✶
avam . śa ✶ ayātu ✶ āmitra ✶
avāc ✶ ayajña ✶ āmus. ✶
avājina ✶ ayamāna ✶ āmus.ya ✶
avārya ✶ ayana ✶ āmuri ✶
avātā ✶ ayasmaya ✶ āntra ✶
avabhr.tha ✶ ayoddhr. ✶ ānūkam ✶
avadhū ✶ ayopās..ti ✶ āpr.k ✶
avahantr. ✶ ayudhya ✶ āpānta ✶
avai ✶ ayuja ✶ āpı̄ ✶
avakraks.in ✶ ān.i ✶ āpra ✶
avaramb ✶ āṅgūs.ya ✶ āpta ✶
avarti ✶ āśı̄rta ✶ āpūrn.a ✶
avaruddha ✶ āśrı̄ ✶ āran.a ✶
avasr..s.ta ✶ āśvaśvya ✶ ārāttāt ✶
avasa ✶ ā .añj ✶ ārdra ✶
avasātr. ✶ ābhara ✶ ārjı̄kı̄ya ✶
avasras ✶ ābhoga ✶ ārks.a ✶
avataram ✶ ābhūs.ant ✶ ārohant ✶
avayāj ✶ ācakri ✶ āruj ✶
avayātr. ✶ ācarantı̄ ✶ ārujatnu ✶
avayuna ✶ ādārin.a ✶ āsr. ✶
avenant ✶ ādadi ✶ āsā ✶
avi ✶ ādana ✶ āsāt ✶
avis.a ✶ ādardira ✶ āsaja ✶
avis.yu ✶ ādartr. ✶ āsthātr. ✶
avicetana ✶ ādhı̄ta ✶ āstrabudhna ✶
avid ✶ ādhra ✶ ātapa ✶
avidı̄dhayu ✶ āduri ✶ ātman ✶
aviharyata ✶ āgniveśi ✶ āvr.dh ✶
✶✹✺✽

āvr.tvat ✶ udr.ci ✶ upavācya ✶

āvadant ✶ udañc ✶ uran.a ✶
āvan ✶ udañca ✶ urān.a ✶
āviś ✶ udāvat ✶ urus.yā ✶
āya ✶ udac ✶ urūcı̄ ✶
āyana ✶ udaktāt ✶ urviyā ✶
āyantr. ✶ udany ✶ utsr.p ✶
āyasi ✶ udbhr.ta ✶ utsnā ✶
āyat ✶ uddhita ✶ utsthā ✶
āyata ✶ uditi ✶ uttānā ✶
is..ta ✶ udvat ✶ uttāra ✶
is.avant ✶ udyantr. ✶ uttarāttāt ✶
is.ay ✶ uhāna ✶ ū..dhā ✶
is.ayantı̄ ✶ uks.an. ✶ ūbha ✶
is.iram ✶ uks.amāna ✶ ūrn.ā ✶
is.itā ✶ uks.an ✶ ūrdara ✶
is.udhi ✶ ukha ✶ ūrdhvam ✶
it.at ✶ ukhā ✶ ūrdhvasāna ✶
ilı̄biśa ✶ ukthaśas ✶ ūrdhvathā ✶
indratvā ✶ ukti ✶ .rn.āvan ✶
indravat ✶ upa ✶ .r.s.ti ✶
irajyant ✶ upaśāka ✶ .r.sabha ✶
irasyā ✶ upaśak ✶ .r.sis..tutā ✶
irin.a ✶ upaśrotr. ✶ .r.sivas ✶
ittham ✶ upānasa ✶ .r.svā ✶
ı̄s.ā ✶ upāran.a ✶ .rśya ✶
ı̄..dita ✶ upabarhan.ı̄ ✶ .rñjasāna ✶
ı̄ṅkh ✶ upabdi ✶ .rbhumant ✶
ı̄jāna ✶ upahasvan ✶ .rcyamānā ✶
us.ān.a ✶ upamā ✶ .rdhat ✶
uśadhak ✶ upamām ✶ .rghāvat ✶
uśamāna ✶ upamanyu ✶ .rgmiya ✶
uśat ✶ upanı̄ta ✶ .rjı̄s.a ✶
ubhayā ✶ upapr.c ✶ .rjı̄yam .s ✶
ubhayāhasti ✶ upaparcana ✶ .rjta ✶
ubhayāvin ✶ upapre ✶ .rju ✶
ubhayam ✶ uparibudhna ✶ .rjūnas ✶
ubhayatra ✶ upas ✶ .rtajātā ✶
ucathya ✶ upasadya ✶ .rtavan ✶
ucca ✶ upasecanı̄ ✶ .rtuśas ✶
uccar ✶ upaspr.ś ✶ .rtvij ✶
ud ✶ upasthāya ✶ es..ti ✶
◆♦♥✲✈❡r❜ st❡♠s ❜② ❢r❡q✉❡♥❝② ✶✹✺✾

es.at ✶ ks.on.i ✶ kaurayān.a ✶

edhamāna ✶ ks.obhan.a ✶ kava ✶
ekā ✶ ks.odas ✶ kavas.a ✶
ekadyū ✶ ks.umpa ✶ kavatnu ✶
ekam ✶ kan.vamant ✶ kavitama ✶
emus.a ✶ kaśa ✶ kavitvana ✶
etādr.ś ✶ kaśā ✶ keśavant ✶
etagva ✶ kaśāvatı̄ ✶ keśi ✶
evāra ✶ kaśaplaka ✶ kenipa ✶
on.i ✶ kān.uka ✶ kepi ✶
odatı̄ ✶ kāśi ✶ ketumat ✶
ogan.a ✶ kākuda ✶ kevalā ✶
oha ✶ kāla ✶ kevalam ✶
ohāna ✶ kāmā ✶ kı̄ja ✶
ohas ✶ kāmin ✶ kı̄kat.a ✶
ojasvant ✶ kārpān.a ✶ kı̄rtenya ✶
ojis..thā ✶ kadartha ✶ kı̄rti ✶
ojman ✶ kadhapriyā ✶ kı̄vat ✶
okta ✶ kadru ✶ kilā ✶
omātrā ✶ kaks.ya ✶ kilbis.a ✶
auks.ı̄ ✶ kaks.yā ✶ klośa ✶
kr.śana ✶ kakāta ✶ kośayı̄ ✶
kr.śanin ✶ kali ✶ koka ✶
kr.dhukarn.a ✶ kalyānı̄ ✶ krā ✶
kr.kadāśū ✶ kanı̄ ✶ kraks.amān.a ✶
kr.ntatra ✶ kanı̄nakā ✶ krama ✶
kr.pan.a ✶ kapar ✶ kraman.a ✶
kr.pı̄t.a ✶ kapila ✶ kravya ✶
kr.tā ✶ kapota ✶ kri ✶
kr.tti ✶ karn.agr.hyā ✶ kros..t.r ✶
kr.tya ✶ karśana ✶ krośana ✶
ks.āman ✶ karañja ✶ kru ✶
ks.ad ✶ karañjaha ✶ kruddha ✶
ks.adman ✶ karas ✶ kun.d..rn.ācı̄ ✶
ks.amya ✶ karis.ya ✶ kun.d.apāyya ✶
ks.apāvant ✶ karis.yat ✶ kun.āru ✶
ks.arantı̄ ✶ karta ✶ kus.avā ✶
ks.atriya ✶ karun.a ✶ kucara ✶
ks.atriya ✶ karū..datin ✶ kuha ✶
ks.emyā ✶ katpaya ✶ kuhacidvid ✶
ks.iptā ✶ kauśika ✶ kula ✶
ks.it ✶ kaulitara ✶ kuliśa ✶
✶✹✻✵

kuliśı̄ ✶ garta ✶ carman ✶

kumāraka ✶ gaurı̄ ✶ caru ✶
kumbha ✶ gaurivı̄ti ✶ catin ✶
kuruṅga ✶ gavaya ✶ catta ✶
kuruśravan.a ✶ gavyat ✶ catus.pād ✶
kutsya ✶ gavyaya ✶ catustrimśat ✶
kūrmin ✶ gehya ✶ catvār ✶
kūrmitama ✶ gos.atama ✶ catvārim . śat ✶
kuvitsa ✶ godari ✶ catvārim . śı̄ ✶
kuyavāca ✶ gomagha ✶ ceru ✶
kva ✶ gomaghā ✶ cetas ✶
khā ✶ goparı̄n.as ✶ cetis..tha ✶
khādi ✶ gosan. ✶ cetyā ✶
khārı̄ ✶ gri ✶ cikitvit ✶
khadira ✶ gus.pita ✶ cit ✶
khala ✶ guṅgu ✶ cita ✶
khan ✶ guh ✶ citram ✶
khargalā ✶ guha ✶ citraratha ✶
khidvas ✶ guhat ✶ citrin.ı̄ ✶
khilya ✶ gū..dhe ✶ citrya ✶
gr.n.ant ✶ gūrtā ✶ cyava ✶
gr.n.at ✶ ghr.n.a ✶ cyavatāna ✶
gr..s.ti ✶ ghr.n.ā ✶ chandas ✶
gr.bha ✶ ghr.tavat ✶ chandu ✶
gr.dhra ✶ ghram . sa ✶ jñās ✶
gr.tsamada ✶ cāratha ✶ ja..dhu ✶
gāṅgya ✶ cārutama ✶ jāmātr. ✶
gāh ✶ cāy ✶ jāmitva ✶
gārs..teya ✶ cakamāna ✶ jāmivat ✶
gāthaśravas ✶ cakriya ✶ jāna ✶
gāthānı̄ ✶ camris. ✶ jānatı̄ ✶
gāthin ✶ camrı̄s. ✶ jāni ✶
gātra ✶ cana ✶ jātā ✶
gāyatrin ✶ canis..tha ✶ jātu ✶
gabhı̄rā ✶ car ✶ jāyamāna ✶
gahana ✶ cara ✶ jagatı̄ ✶
gairiks.ita ✶ caran.i ✶ jahr..sān.a ✶
galdā ✶ carama ✶ jahita ✶
gambhı̄rā ✶ carant ✶ jaitrı̄ ✶
garbhadhi ✶ carantı̄ ✶ jaks. ✶
garbhatva ✶ carat ✶ jamadagnidatta ✶
gargara ✶ caris.n.u ✶ janidhā ✶
◆♦♥✲✈❡r❜ st❡♠s ❜② ❢r❡q✉❡♥❝② ✶✹✻✶

janimasssn ✶ tr..su ✶ tavis.ı̄vat ✶

janitva ✶ tr..syant ✶ tavis.ı̄ya ✶
janitvana ✶ tr..tsu ✶ tavya ✶
janivat ✶ tr...dha ✶ tavyas ✶
janiy ✶ tr.ks.i ✶ tigita ✶
jantva ✶ tr.pala ✶ tigmā ✶
janyā ✶ tr.pat ✶ tiraścā ✶
jaran.a ✶ tr.pra ✶ tiraścatā ✶
jaran.ā ✶ tr.pti ✶ tiraścı̄ ✶
jarā ✶ tr.tı̄yam ✶ tirindira ✶
jasvan ✶ tādı̄tnā ✶ tisr. ✶
jata ✶ tānū ✶ titirvas ✶
jatru ✶ tātr..sān.a ✶ tośatama ✶
java ✶ tāvant ✶ toda ✶
javanı̄ ✶ tāvat ✶ trāman ✶
javasā ✶ taditartha ✶ trada ✶
javı̄yas ✶ takva ✶ traistubha ✶
javinı̄ ✶ tamrā ✶ tredhā ✶
jayantı̄ ✶ tandra ✶ tretinı̄ ✶
jetva ✶ tanti ✶ trim . śatśata ✶
jigarti ✶ tapis..tā ✶ tris..tubh ✶
jigatnu ✶ tapis..tha ✶ trisapta ✶
jighām . sant ✶ tapus.i ✶ trivis..ti ✶
jighatnu ✶ tars.yāvant ✶ tru ✶
jigyu ✶ tarani ✶ tryarus.i ✶
jihāna ✶ tarat ✶ tus. ✶
jihmabāra ✶ tarhan.a ✶ tujayat ✶
jmāyant ✶ tarus.y ✶ tujya ✶
jos..t.r ✶ taruks.a ✶ tujyā ✶
jos.avāka ✶ tarus ✶ tujyamāna ✶
jos.yā ✶ tarūs.as ✶ turan.a ✶
johūtra ✶ taskara ✶ turan.y ✶
johuvat ✶ tatr.pi ✶ turan.yu ✶
johuvatı̄ ✶ tatanus..ti ✶ turās.ah ✶
jri ✶ tatas ✶ turatas ✶
jus..ti ✶ tatra ✶ turayā ✶
juhvat ✶ tava ✶ tūrn.āśa ✶
jujus.ān.a ✶ tavastama ✶ tūya ✶
jūjuvāna ✶ tavastara ✶ tuvis..tama ✶
jūrn.i ✶ tavasya ✶ tuvis.mat ✶
jyes..thatama ✶ tavis.ı̄vant ✶ tuvı̄rava ✶
tr..sita ✶ tavis.ı̄vas ✶ tvā ✶
✶✹✻✷

tvās..tra ✶ daks.āyya ✶ divyā ✶

tvāyat ✶ daks.as ✶ doha ✶
tvaca ✶ daks.in.atrā ✶ dohanā ✶
tvadrik ✶ daks.in.it ✶ drāghis..thā ✶
tves.as ✶ darı̄man ✶ drāghı̄yam .s ✶
tvis.i ✶ darma ✶ drahyat ✶
tvis.ı̄mant ✶ dartnu ✶ dron.i ✶
tyāga ✶ darvi ✶ drogha ✶
dr.m . hitr. ✶ dasa ✶ drogha ✶
dr.m . hitā ✶ dasmatama ✶ drugdha ✶
dr..sad ✶ dasmya ✶ drupada ✶
dr...dhā ✶ datr. ✶ dus..tarı̄tu ✶
dr...dham ✶ daurgaha ✶ dus..tuti ✶
dr.śi ✶ davı̄yas ✶ dus..tutı̄ ✶
dr.bhı̄ka ✶ des..tha ✶ dus.pad ✶
da ✶ dehı̄ ✶ dus.prāvı̄ ✶
dam . .s.tra ✶ deva ✶ duchunā ✶
dam . sanā ✶ devātatama ✶ dudhi ✶
dam . supatnı̄ ✶ devahūya ✶ dughā ✶
daśaśipra ✶ devaka ✶ duhāna ✶
daśabhuji ✶ devana ✶ duhānā ✶
daśagvin ✶ devatama ✶ durāśı̄ ✶
daśama ✶ devayant ✶ durdhara ✶
daśon.ya ✶ devayantı̄ ✶ durgr.bhiśvan ✶
dāśuri ✶ devayat ✶ durgahā ✶
dābha ✶ devi ✶ durhr.n.āyu ✶
dādhr..si ✶ dis..ti ✶ durhan.āy ✶
dāmana ✶ diśamāna ✶ durhan.āyū ✶
dāmanvant ✶ dı̄dhiti ✶ durhanā ✶
dānavant ✶ dı̄dyāna ✶ durhanāvant ✶
dānumat ✶ dı̄na ✶ durmāyu ✶
dāsatha ✶ dı̄rghaśruttama ✶ durmanman ✶
dāsaveśa ✶ dı̄rghā ✶ durmars.a ✶
dātā ✶ dı̄rghāyutva ✶ durnāśa ✶
dātama ✶ dı̄v ✶ duros.a ✶
dadhr..sa ✶ din ✶ duros.as ✶
dadhr..si ✶ dipsu ✶ durvidvam .s ✶
dadhr..svan.i ✶ ditsu ✶ durya ✶
dadhr.k ✶ divaks.as ✶ duryuj ✶
dadhāna ✶ divis..ti ✶ dū ✶
daghvan ✶ divitmat ✶ dūd.hi ✶
daivavāta ✶ divya ✶ dūn.aśa ✶
◆♦♥✲✈❡r❜ st❡♠s ❜② ❢r❡q✉❡♥❝② ✶✹✻✸

dūn.āśā ✶ dhı̄yāyant ✶ napatı̄ ✶

dūrvā ✶ dhita ✶ naptı̄ ✶
dvār ✶ dhitāvan ✶ navagvā ✶
dvāra ✶ dhraj ✶ navajāta ✶
dvara ✶ dhruh ✶ naveda ✶
dvaras ✶ dhruva ✶ navedas ✶
dvarin ✶ dhruvā ✶ navis..tha ✶
dvaya ✶ dhruvam ✶ navis..thā ✶
dves.as ✶ dhura ✶ navis..ti ✶
dvis.at ✶ dhvr.t ✶ navı̄ya ✶
dvı̄pa ✶ dhvaj ✶ navı̄yam .s ✶
dvitı̄yam ✶ dhvanya ✶ navyā ✶
dyotana ✶ dhvaras ✶ navyasas ✶
dyugat ✶ dhvasira ✶ nedis..tha ✶
dyuks.ā ✶ dhvasman ✶ nedı̄yas ✶
dyumatı̄ ✶ dhvasrā ✶ nemadhitā ✶
dyumnavattama ✶ nr..sāh ✶ neman ✶
dyumnintama ✶ nr.tamā ✶ nis..sāh ✶
dyumnitama ✶ nr.ti ✶ nis..sapin ✶
dhr..sa ✶ na..da ✶ nis..sidhvarı̄ ✶
dhr..satı̄ ✶ nāhus.a ✶ nis.adya ✶
dhr..sitā ✶ nāhus.ı̄ ✶ nis.attā ✶
dhānāvant ✶ nāka ✶ nis.patantı̄ ✶
dhānya ✶ nāmas ✶ nibādhita ✶
dhāra ✶ nānadat ✶ nicita ✶
dhārayant ✶ nāri ✶ nicumpun.a ✶
dhāvant ✶ nārmara ✶ nidāna ✶
dhamani ✶ nārya ✶ nidhā ✶
dhamantı̄ ✶ nabhanu ✶ nidhātr. ✶
dhanis..thā ✶ nabhanya ✶ nidhı̄yamāna ✶
dhanin ✶ nadanu ✶ nigū..dha ✶
dhanutrı̄ ✶ nadanumant ✶ nihata ✶
dhanya ✶ nahus..tara ✶ nı̄ci ✶
dharn.asi ✶ nahus.a ✶ nı̄cı̄ ✶
dharman.ā ✶ nahusa ✶ nı̄thā ✶
dhautarı̄ ✶ naicāśākha ✶ nı̄vyā ✶
dhauti ✶ naks.amān.ā ✶ nikhāta ✶
dhes..tha ✶ naks.at ✶ nikta ✶
dhena ✶ nakha ✶ nimih ✶
dhis.an.y ✶ namasyā ✶ nimita ✶
dhı̄rā ✶ namra ✶ ninditr. ✶
dhı̄vat ✶ nanu ✶ ninditāśva ✶
✶✹✻✹

nipres.ita ✶ paścā ✶ papivant ✶

nirn.ij ✶ paścātāt ✶ pars.a ✶
nirr.tha ✶ pañcadaśa ✶ pars.ani ✶
nirr.ti ✶ pān.i ✶ parābhr.ta ✶
nirr.ti ✶ pās.ya ✶ parādadi ✶
niras..ta ✶ pāśin ✶ parāka ✶
nirmajā ✶ pāñcajanya ✶ parākāt ✶
niruddha ✶ pāñcajanyā ✶ parākāttāt ✶
niruddhā ✶ pādaka ✶ parāke ✶
nirundhāna ✶ pādu ✶ parāvr.kta ✶
nisatti ✶ pāpā ✶ parāyan.a ✶
nisvaram ✶ pārs.advān.a ✶ parāyatı̄ ✶
nitiktā ✶ pārśva ✶ param ✶
nityam ✶ pāratas ✶ pare ✶
nivr.tā ✶ pārthava ✶ paris..thā ✶
nivacana ✶ pārthiva ✶ paris.ad ✶
nivara ✶ pāstya ✶ paris.ūta ✶
nivatā ✶ pātalya ✶ paribādh ✶
nividdha ✶ pāthas ✶ paribhū ✶
nivyadh ✶ pāyya ✶ parigam ✶
niyantr. ✶ pacatya ✶ parihita ✶
niyatā ✶ pacyamāna ✶ parihvr.ti ✶
niyutvat ✶ padajñā ✶ parı̄n.ah ✶
nūtanā ✶ padavı̄ ✶ parikrośa ✶
nyr..s.t ✶ padı̄ ✶ paripanthin ✶
nyañc ✶ padvat ✶ pariprı̄tā ✶
nyokas ✶ padyā ✶ paripūta ✶
nyupta ✶ paks.as ✶ paritap ✶
pr..s.ta ✶ paks.yā ✶ parivr.j ✶
pr..s.thya ✶ pakthin ✶ parivr.t ✶
pr..sadhra ✶ pakvā ✶ parivarga ✶
pr.śanāyu ✶ palasti ✶ parivı̄ta ✶
pr.śanı̄ ✶ palita ✶ pariyatta ✶
pr.ch ✶ panas ✶ paromātra ✶
pr.dāku ✶ panayāyya ✶ paryetr. ✶
pr.thı̄ ✶ panis..tha ✶ pasti ✶
pr.thvı̄ ✶ panı̄yam .s ✶ pastya ✶
pr.tugman ✶ panyam .s ✶ pastyāvat ✶
pt.hu ✶ panyas ✶ patana ✶
pa ✶ panyası̄ ✶ patnı̄vant ✶
pad.gr.bhi ✶ papr.ks.en.ya ✶ patsutah.śı̄ ✶
paśavya ✶ papi ✶ pattas ✶
◆♦♥✲✈❡r❜ st❡♠s ❜② ❢r❡q✉❡♥❝② ✶✹✻✺

patvan ✶ prātah.sāva ✶ prasāha ✶

patvatı̄ ✶ prātardani ✶ prasad ✶
paurukutsi ✶ prātaryāva ✶ prasahāna ✶
paurukutsya ✶ prāvarga ✶ prasarga ✶
pavasta ✶ prāvitr. ✶ prasita ✶
pavı̄rava ✶ prabhr.tha ✶ prasiti ✶
pavı̄ru ✶ prabhaṅga ✶ prastoka ✶
pavitravant ✶ prabhaṅgin ✶ prasūta ✶
petva ✶ prabhañj ✶ pratadvasu ✶
pin.d.a ✶ prabhū ✶ prataram ✶
piṅgā ✶ prabhūti ✶ pratata ✶
piśāci ✶ pracetuna ✶ prathas ✶
piśuna ✶ pradhanyā ✶ prathiman ✶
pibdana ✶ pradhū ✶ prathma ✶
pı̄tha ✶ pradis..tā ✶ pratis..tha ✶
pı̄van ✶ prahr. ✶ pratis..thi ✶
pı̄yatnu ✶ prahā ✶ pratis..tuti ✶
pinvamāna ✶ prahāvant ✶ praticaks.an.a ✶
pitr.tama ✶ prahantr. ✶ pratidhā ✶
pitr.vat ✶ prahetr. ✶ pratidhı̄yamāna ✶
pithı̄nas ✶ prahos.in ✶ pratihitā ✶
pitryā ✶ prajāvant ✶ pratı̄cı̄ ✶
pitumat ✶ prajahita ✶ pratı̄pa ✶
piyāru ✶ prakalavid ✶ pratijānant ✶
plāyogi ✶ prakhāda ✶ pratilubh ✶
pos.as ✶ prakupita ✶ pratirūpa ✶
pos.ya ✶ pramr. ✶ pratvaks.ān.a ✶
popruthat ✶ pramr.n. ✶ pratvaks.as ✶
pra ✶ pramr.n.a ✶ pravr.dhha ✶
pran.enı̄ ✶ pramāda ✶ pravr.t ✶
pran.ı̄ ✶ pramaganda ✶ pravācyā ✶
pran.ı̄tı̄ ✶ pramahas ✶ pravatvatı̄ ✶
pras..ti ✶ pramara ✶ pravayas ✶
pras..timat ✶ pramı̄ ✶ pravepanin ✶
praśardha ✶ pranapāt ✶ pravı̄ra ✶
prān.a ✶ prapaś ✶ praviktā ✶
prācais ✶ prapathintama ✶ pravo..dhr. ✶
prācas ✶ prapruth ✶ prayaks.atama ✶
prācı̄ ✶ prarādhya ✶ prayastā ✶
prāktāt ✶ prarecana ✶ prayu ✶
prān ✶ prareka ✶ pretr. ✶
prāsaha ✶ prarikvan ✶ preti ✶
✶✹✻✻

prı̄n.āna ✶ phala ✶ bhı̄mā ✶

prus.itapsu ✶ br.būka ✶ bhı̄ru ✶
psnya ✶ br.hadri ✶ bhindāna ✶
pus..tāvant ✶ br.haduktha ✶ bhindu ✶
pus..tigu ✶ ba..dā ✶ bhinna ✶
pus.pin.ı̄ ✶ babhri ✶ bhit ✶
pus.ta ✶ babhrū ✶ bhojya ✶
pus.yat ✶ badhira ✶ bhram . ś ✶
punarbhū ✶ badhyamāna ✶ bhrāśya ✶
purah.prasravan.ā ✶ bahulānta ✶ bhu ✶
purasthātr. ✶ balbūtha ✶ bhujman ✶
purbhittama ✶ bandha ✶ bhuran.a ✶
purı̄s.in ✶ bandhumant ✶ bhuran.yu ✶
puro..dā ✶ bandhutā ✶ bhurij ✶
puroyāvan ✶ barhis..thā ✶ bhurvan.i ✶
puroyodha ✶ bekanāt.a ✶ bhūma ✶
purus.a ✶ bodhin ✶ bhūridāvārı̄ ✶
purus.atrā ✶ brahman.ı̄ ✶ bhūridāvattara ✶
purus.ya ✶ brahmavāhastama ✶ bhūti ✶
purudina ✶ bruvān.a ✶ bhūyası̄ ✶
puruhanman ✶ budhāna ✶ bhūyis..tha ✶
purukutsānı̄ ✶ budhya ✶ mr...dı̄ka ✶
purumāyya ✶ busa ✶ mr.ks.a ✶
puruputrā ✶ bhr..s.timant ✶ mr.tyu ✶
purū ✶ bhr.ma ✶ mam . his..thā ✶
puruvı̄rā ✶ bhr.tha ✶ man.i ✶
purya ✶ bhr.tyā ✶ mādayis.n.u ✶
putraka ✶ bhaṅgurāvat ✶ māghavan ✶
pūs.an. ✶ bhāj ✶ māghona ✶
pūs.an.vant ✶ bhāmin ✶ māhinavant ✶
pūs.an.vat ✶ bhāratı̄ ✶ mākı̄ ✶
pūjana ✶ bhārman ✶ mākı̄m ✶
pūrta ✶ bhārvara ✶ māmaka ✶
pūrti ✶ bhahman ✶ māndārya ✶
pūrus.ad ✶ bhalānas ✶ mānyamāna ✶
pūrum ✶ bharga ✶ mārutı̄ ✶
pūrvabhāj ✶ bharitra ✶ māsā ✶
pūrvajā ✶ bharman ✶ mātr.tamā ✶
pūrvam ✶ bhavı̄yas ✶ mātaribhvarı̄ ✶
pūrvapā ✶ bhayamāna ✶ mātra ✶
pūrvayāvan ✶ bhettr. ✶ māvant ✶
pūtakratu ✶ bhid ✶ māyāvant ✶
◆♦♥✲✈❡r❜ st❡♠s ❜② ❢r❡q✉❡♥❝② ✶✹✻✼

māyāvin ✶ martyatvana ✶ yahu ✶

māyāvina ✶ marutvas ✶ yahvan ✶
māyı̄ ✶ maryatas ✶ yajñiyā ✶
madant ✶ math ✶ yajas ✶
madintara ✶ mathāy ✶ yajatrā ✶
madryañc ✶ mathi ✶ yajniya ✶
madyama ✶ mathi ✶ yajyu ✶
maghavattama ✶ mathin ✶ yaka ✶
maghavattva ✶ mathra ✶ yamasū ✶
maghavn ✶ matsya ✶ yamis..tha ✶
mahāhastin ✶ medhā ✶ yamunā ✶
mahāpada ✶ medhya ✶ yantr. ✶
mahāvadha ✶ medin ✶ yantra ✶
mahāvailastha ✶ mehanāvant ✶ yata ✶
mahāyya ✶ meni ✶ yatara ✶
mahayant ✶ mı̄d.hvas ✶ yavamant ✶
mahis.ı̄ ✶ miks. ✶ yavı̄yudh ✶
mahı̄yamāna ✶ mimāna ✶ yavyāvatı̄ ✶
mahivr.dh ✶ mimiks.a ✶ yayi ✶
maks.a ✶ mimiks.u ✶ yes. ✶
maks.ujavastamā ✶ mit ✶ yoddhr. ✶
makhas ✶ mithuna ✶ yodhı̄yam .s ✶
makhasy ✶ mithuyā ✶ yonya ✶
manānt ✶ mitreru ✶ yoyuvatı̄ ✶
manasvant ✶ mitrin ✶ yuddha ✶
manasyu ✶ miyedha ✶ yudhenya ✶
mandant ✶ miyedhas ✶ yudhyāmadhi ✶
mandat ✶ mogha ✶ yujā ✶
mandayat ✶ mus..tihan ✶ yuktā ✶
mandayu ✶ mugdha ✶ yumant ✶
mandhātr.vat ✶ muhu ✶ yuta ✶
mandis..tha ✶ muni ✶ yū ✶
mandu ✶ mur ✶ yūn ✶
manis.a ✶ mūrā ✶ yūpa ✶
manmaśas ✶ yaśastara ✶ yūthya ✶
manthin ✶ yādu ✶ yuvāvat ✶
mantu ✶ yāna ✶ ram . has ✶
mantumat ✶ yātha ✶ ram . hyam ✶
manyumattama ✶ yātu ✶ ran.itr. ✶
manyumi ✶ yātumant ✶ rān.d.rya ✶
marka ✶ yātumat ✶ rās..trı̄ ✶
martā ✶ yāvant ✶ rādhya ✶
✶✹✻✽

rājaka ✶ ris..ta ✶ vr.dhāna ✶

rājya ✶ riśantı̄ ✶ vr.dhı̄ka ✶
rāmyā ✶ rihāna ✶ vr.janā ✶
rāsabha ✶ riktha ✶ vr.jina ✶
rāt ✶ ripu ✶ vr.jinay ✶
rātatama ✶ ripu ✶ vr.kati ✶
rātrı̄ ✶ rit ✶ vr.kayu ✶
rabhas ✶ rocanā ✶ vr.kti ✶
rabhasvat ✶ rocis ✶ vr.ti ✶
rada ✶ rohan.a ✶ vr.tratara ✶
radantı̄ ✶ rohit ✶ vr.trsa ✶
raddha ✶ romaśa ✶ vr.vat ✶
raghudru ✶ roman ✶ vam . śa ✶
raghusyad ✶ ruś ✶ vaṅgr.da ✶
raghvı̄ ✶ rudhi ✶ vaṅkutara ✶
rah ✶ rugn.a ✶ vā ✶
raks.asvin ✶ ruhān.ā ✶ vāśı̄ ✶
raksas ✶ ruja ✶ vāśra ✶
rambha ✶ rujānā ✶ vāśrā ✶
rambhin ✶ ruma ✶ vāhis..tha ✶
randhi ✶ rūpā ✶ vājavant ✶
ranti ✶ lāya ✶ vājavat ✶
rantya ✶ laks.a ✶ vājavatı̄ ✶
rapas ✶ laks.man.ya ✶ vājin ✶
rarān.a ✶ lalāmı̄ ✶ vājina ✶
rarāna ✶ lodha ✶ vājineya ✶
rasavant ✶ loga ✶ vājinı̄vant ✶
rathavat ✶ lopāśa ✶ vājinı̄vati ✶
rathayā ✶ vr.n.āna ✶ vāka ✶
rathayāvan ✶ vr..sn.ı̄ ✶ vāmadeva ✶
rathı̄tama ✶ vr..sn.yavant ✶ vāmanı̄ti ✶
rathı̄tara ✶ vr..s.timant ✶ vāmı̄ ✶
rathinı̄ ✶ vr..sa ✶ vārs.āgira ✶
ratho..dha ✶ vr..san.vant ✶ vārtra ✶
ravatha ✶ vr..san.vatı̄ ✶ vāsa ✶
rayim . tama ✶ vr..sandhi ✶ vāsara ✶
rayimant ✶ vr..sanvant ✶ vāstu ✶
rayivas ✶ vr..satva ✶ vāstva ✶
rayiyant ✶ vr..satvana ✶ vātāpya ✶
rebha ✶ vr.cayā ✶ vāvāta ✶
rejamāna ✶ vr.ddhi ✶ vāyaju ✶
rerihān.a ✶ vr.dhā ✶ vacas ✶
◆♦♥✲✈❡r❜ st❡♠s ❜② ❢r❡q✉❡♥❝② ✶✹✻✾

vad ✶ varūtrı̄ ✶ viśvapsnya ✶

vadhanā ✶ vasāna ✶ viśvapsu ✶
vadhasna ✶ vasāvı̄ ✶ viśvatar ✶
vadhumant ✶ vasati ✶ vibādha ✶
vadhūmant ✶ vasis..th.a ✶ vibālya ✶
vadhūmat ✶ vasna ✶ vibhañjanu ✶
vagvana ✶ vasnay ✶ vibhāga ✶
vahamāna ✶ vastr. ✶ vibhāvarı̄ ✶
vahı̄yas ✶ vasumati ✶ vibhı̄s.an.a ✶
vaikarn.a ✶ vasutti ✶ vibhindant ✶
vailasthāna ✶ vasūyā ✶ vibhindu ✶
vailasthānaka ✶ vasyās ✶ vibhinna ✶
vaiyaśva ✶ vavr.dhenya ✶ vibhrājant ✶
vajravāh ✶ vavra ✶ vibhumat ✶
vaks.an.i ✶ vayunavat ✶ vibhūta ✶
vaks.as ✶ veśa ✶ vibhvan ✶
vaks.atha ✶ veśı̄ ✶ vibhvı̄ ✶
vakman ✶ veśya ✶ vibodhana ✶
vakva ✶ vedan ✶ vicākaśat ✶
vakvā ✶ vedis..tha ✶ vicayis..tha ✶
vakvarı̄ ✶ vedı̄yas ✶ vicyutā ✶
vamraka ✶ vepayant ✶ vidāyya ✶
vamrı̄ ✶ vepı̄ ✶ vidathya ✶
vananva ✶ vis..ta ✶ vidhāna ✶
vananvatı̄ ✶ vis..tapa ✶ vidhātr. ✶
vanastama ✶ vis..thita ✶ vidhartr. ✶
vanis..tha ✶ vis..tir ✶ vidhavā ✶
vanı̄van ✶ vis.ān.in ✶ vidhu ✶
vantr. ✶ vis.ahya ✶ vidradha ✶
vapā ✶ vis.ita ✶ vidu ✶
vapus..tara ✶ vis.itā ✶ vidus..tara ✶
vapus.ya ✶ vis.pardhas ✶ vidves.an.a ✶
vars.is..thā ✶ vis.un.ak ✶ vigāma ✶
vars.ı̄yam .s ✶ vis.une ✶ vigada ✶
varāhu ✶ vis.ūvat ✶ vighanin ✶
vari ✶ vis.vadryak ✶ vigra ✶
varimat ✶ vis.vak ✶ vigrı̄va ✶
varivasya ✶ viśritā ✶ vihāyas ✶
varman ✶ viśvadevya ✶ vihantr. ✶
varmin ✶ viśvamānus.a ✶ vihruta ✶
vartamānā ✶ viśvamanas ✶ vı̄d.u ✶
varu ✶ viśvamanus ✶ vı̄raka ✶
✶✹✼✵

vı̄ratama ✶ vyasta ✶ śatayātu ✶

vı̄ratara ✶ vyathamānā ✶ śatri ✶
vı̄ren.ya ✶ vyenas ✶ śatrutva ✶
vijñā ✶ vyodana ✶ śatruy ✶
vijñāya ✶ vyus. ✶ śauradevya ✶
vijāmātr. ✶ śr.ṅgavr..s ✶ śavasāvant ✶
vikhāda ✶ śr.dhyā ✶ śavasin ✶
vimr.dh ✶ śam . sin ✶ śavı̄rā ✶
vimāya ✶ śan.d.ika ✶ śayu ✶
vimadā ✶ śaśa ✶ śepa ✶
vimadhya ✶ śaśaya ✶ śepya ✶
vimahı̄ ✶ śaśı̄yām
.s ✶ śevr.dha ✶
vinaś ✶ śaśvadhā ✶ śeva ✶
vinud ✶ śaśvant ✶ śevāra ✶
vipa ✶ śākhā ✶ śim . śapā ✶
vipāna ✶ śākina ✶ śis..ta ✶
vipaks.as ✶ śākman ✶ śiśaya ✶
virapśı̄ ✶ śāstra ✶ śiśnatha ✶
virūpā ✶ śacis..thā ✶ śiśumant ✶
visr..s.ta ✶ śad ✶ śigru ✶
visr.t ✶ śagmya ✶ śiks.ā ✶
vitara ✶ śaktı̄vas ✶ śiks.u ✶
vitarturam ✶ śakun.a ✶ śimbala ✶
vitasthānā ✶ śamba ✶ śiphā ✶
vitata ✶ śambhu ✶ śipravant ✶
vitvaks.an.a ✶ śami ✶ śiprin.ı̄vant ✶
vivr.kn.a ✶ śamyā ✶ śirsan. ✶
vivr.tta ✶ śanaka ✶ śita ✶
vivasvatı̄ ✶ śaphavat ✶ śitā ✶
vivavri ✶ śara ✶ śiti ✶
vivici ✶ śarabha ✶ ślokin ✶
viyata ✶ śardhat ✶ śnathana ✶
viyutā ✶ śardhin ✶ śnathitr. ✶
vo..dhr. ✶ śarumant ✶ śobhana ✶
vrān.ā ✶ śasana ✶ śobhis..tha ✶
vrāja ✶ śatā ✶ śoka ✶
vratati ✶ śatabradhna ✶ śokas ✶
vyaśvavat ✶ śatadhanya ✶ śrā ✶
vyañc ✶ śatagvin ✶ śraddhāmanasyā ✶
vyañjana ✶ śatatama ✶ śraddhita ✶
vyāna ✶ śatatamā ✶ śravayat ✶
vyanant ✶ śatavan ✶ śreyās ✶
◆♦♥✲✈❡r❜ st❡♠s ❜② ❢r❡q✉❡♥❝② ✶✹✼✶

śrita ✶ sam . cakāna ✶ sāp ✶

śron.a ✶ sam . caran.a ✶ sāra ✶
śromata ✶ sam . caranı̄ ✶ sāragha ✶
śrus..tigu ✶ sam . carantı̄ ✶ sāsahāna ✶
śrus..tı̄ ✶ sam . caren.ya ✶ sāvin ✶
śrutakaks.a ✶ sam . dhātr. ✶ sāyam ✶
śrutarvan ✶ sam . dhi ✶ sabala ✶
śruti ✶ sam . dih ✶ sacāna ✶
śuś ✶ sam . gr.bhı̄tr. ✶ sacana ✶
śuśukvana ✶ sam . gr.bhı̄tā ✶ sadhanı̄ ✶
śuśukvant ✶ sam . gata ✶ sadhrı̄ ✶
śubha ✶ sam . gatha ✶ sadhryañc ✶
śucamāna ✶ sam . gir ✶ sadivas ✶
śuddhā ✶ sam . hita ✶ sagara ✶
śuj ✶ sam . krośamānā ✶ sahadānu ✶
śukrapūta ✶ sam . naddha ✶ sahadeva ✶
śuna ✶ sam . paś ✶ sahajānus.a ✶
śunahotra ✶ sam . rarān.a ✶ sahamūlam ✶
śupti ✶ sam . rihāna ✶ sahasāna ✶
śutudrı̄ ✶ sam . sr..s.ta ✶ sahasāvant ✶
śūrta ✶ sam . skr.ta ✶ sahasraśas ✶
śvaśura ✶ sam . skr.tatra ✶ sahasradātama ✶
śvātrya ✶ sam . sras..t.r ✶ sahasrapos.ya ✶
śvātryā ✶ sam . tasthāna ✶ sahasravat ✶
śvaitreya ✶ sam . vr.j ✶ sahastama ✶
śvasana ✶ sam . vr.ta ✶ sahasya ✶
śvasatha ✶ sam . vanana ✶ sahavatsā ✶
śvitna ✶ sam . varan.a ✶ sahis..tha ✶
śvitnya ✶ sam . varga ✶ sahı̄yas ✶
śvitrya ✶ sam . varta ✶ sahya ✶
śvityañc ✶ sam . vavr.tvat ✶ sakr.tsū ✶
śyāva ✶ saścat ✶ saks. ✶
śyāvā ✶ sāca ✶ saks.it ✶
śyāvı̄ ✶ sādhāran.a ✶ sakhı̄yat ✶
śyeta ✶ sādhārana ✶ sakhitvana ✶
sr.n.ya ✶ sādhana ✶ sakhiy ✶
sr..s.ta ✶ sādhuyā ✶ sakmya ✶
sr.ñjaya ✶ sākhya ✶ sakratu ✶
sr.binda ✶ sālāvr.ka ✶ salalūka ✶
sr.pra ✶ sāmanā ✶ sam ✶
sam . śiśvarı̄ ✶ sāmvaran.i ✶ samāśir ✶
sam . bhr.ta ✶ sānus.ak ✶ samānā ✶
✶✹✼✷

samānam ✶ sarñjaya ✶ skambha ✶

samānı̄ ✶ sarasvatı̄vat ✶ skandha ✶
samadana ✶ sarayu ✶ smaddis..ti ✶
samaha ✶ sarma ✶ smadibha ✶
samanyu ✶ sarpis ✶ smat ✶
samara ✶ sarvā ✶ smatpuram . dhi ✶
samasmin ✶ sasr.māna ✶ snehitı̄ ✶
samayā ✶ sasa ✶ somapr..s.tha ✶
sambādha ✶ sasri ✶ somavatı̄ ✶
sambhr.tāśva ✶ sasrut ✶ sotva ✶
sambhara ✶ sasthāvan ✶ spr.hayāyya ✶
sambharan.a ✶ sasvar ✶ spārhā ✶
samis. ✶ sasyat ✶ spandana ✶
samı̄cı̄ ✶ sati ✶ spardhamāna ✶
samı̄dha ✶ satrās.āh ✶ sphira ✶
samı̄jamāna ✶ satrāc ✶ sriv ✶
samita ✶ satrācı̄ ✶ srotas ✶
samoha ✶ satrāha ✶ sruc ✶
samoham ✶ satrāhan ✶ str.n.āna ✶
sam
. tarām ✶ satta ✶ stāmu ✶
sampr.kta ✶ satvana ✶ stātr. ✶
sampāran.a ✶ satyatāt ✶ stabhuyamāna ✶
sampis..ta ✶ satyena ✶ stana ✶
samudriyā ✶ saumya ✶ stanayat ✶
samuks.ita ✶ savayas ✶ staulā ✶
sanaśruta ✶ savyā ✶ stava ✶
sanābhi ✶ savyatas ✶ steya ✶
sanāmāna ✶ sayāvarı̄ ✶ sthivimant ✶
sanāyu ✶ sayuj ✶ sthūn.ā ✶
sanaka ✶ sektr. ✶ sthūri ✶
sanat ✶ sena ✶ stiyā ✶
sanavitta ✶ setr. ✶ stus.eyya ✶
sanis..thā ✶ sim. hyı̄ ✶ stut ✶
sanitu ✶ sis.āsu ✶ stuvat ✶
sanitva ✶ sidhma ✶ sus..thāman ✶
sanutya ✶ sidhra ✶ sus..tu ✶
sapı̄ti ✶ sikta ✶ sus..tubh ✶
sapitvam ✶ simā ✶ sus..tutā ✶
sapratha ✶ simha ✶ sus.ā ✶
saptagu ✶ sirā ✶ sus.āman ✶
saptatha ✶ siv ✶ sus.akhi ✶
saptivant ✶ skabhı̄yas ✶ sus.avya ✶
◆♦♥✲✈❡r❜ st❡♠s ❜② ❢r❡q✉❡♥❝② ✶✹✼✸

sus.irā ✶ sukara ✶ sūnaram ✶

sus.omā ✶ sukhatama ✶ sūrmı̄ ✶
sus.umna ✶ sukı̄rti ✶ sūta ✶
sus.upān.a ✶ sumadamśu ✶ suvr.dh ✶
sus.vitara ✶ sumaya ✶ suvācas ✶
suśakti ✶ sumeka ✶ suvacasyā ✶
suśamı̄ ✶ sumita ✶ suvahman ✶
suśasti ✶ sumitra ✶ suvedanā ✶
suśeva ✶ sunı̄ti ✶ suvidvam .s ✶
suśis..ti ✶ sunı̄tı̄ ✶ suvijñāna ✶
suśrāta ✶ suniraja ✶ suvivr.ta ✶
suśravasyā ✶ sunvant ✶ suyama ✶
suśrun.a ✶ sunvat ✶ suyata ✶
suśrut ✶ supadı̄ ✶ suyavasyu ✶
suśruta ✶ supalāśa ✶ suyukta ✶
subāhu ✶ supatha ✶ svas..tra ✶
subhr.ta ✶ supathin ✶ svaṅga ✶
subhadra ✶ supatnı̄ ✶ svaśvayu ✶
subhagatva ✶ supeśās ✶ svañcas ✶
subrahman ✶ suprapāna ✶ svāśis.a ✶
sucakra ✶ supratı̄ka ✶ svāśita ✶
sudr.ś ✶ supravācana ✶ svābhū ✶
sudr.śı̄ ✶ suprayas ✶ svādis..tha ✶
sudr.śı̄ka ✶ supūrn.a ✶ svādis..thā ✶
sudā ✶ supūrn.ā ✶ svādı̄yam .s ✶
sudātu ✶ suran.a ✶ svādı̄yas ✶
sudaks.in.a ✶ suran.ā ✶ svādvı̄ ✶
sudaks.in ✶ surādhasa ✶ svāna ✶
sudhana ✶ surabhi ✶ svāra ✶
sudhur ✶ suretas ✶ svātata ✶
sudı̄ti ✶ susam . dr.ś ✶ svabdin ✶
sudinatva ✶ susam . skr.ta ✶ svabhānu ✶
suga ✶ susammr..s.ta ✶ svabhūti ✶
sugavya ✶ susampis..ta ✶ svadāvan ✶
sughna ✶ susanitr. ✶ svadhāvan ✶
sugmya ✶ sutaran.a ✶ svadhainava ✶
sugrathita ✶ sutarā ✶ svajā ✶
suhārd ✶ sutı̄rtha ✶ svanadratha ✶
sujāta ✶ sutrāta ✶ svapasy ✶
sujyotis ✶ sutukā ✶ svara ✶
sukr.ttara ✶ sutvan ✶ svari ✶
suks.aya ✶ sūdadohas ✶ svarocis ✶
✶✹✼✹

svaru ✶ hr..sita ✶ he..da ✶

svasāra ✶ hr.dya ✶ hetr. ✶
svasara ✶ ham . sa ✶ hı̄..dita ✶
svastimat ✶ hanis..tha ✶ hima ✶
svavr.j ✶ hanis.yant ✶ hinva ✶
svayaśas ✶ hanman ✶ hiran.in ✶
svayaśastara ✶ hantu ✶ hiranya ✶
svayu ✶ hantva ✶ hiri ✶
svayuj ✶ hars.umant ✶ hirı̄maśa ✶
sveda ✶ harı̄ ✶ hirı̄mant ✶
svidhma ✶ harimanyu ✶ hiti ✶
syāla ✶ haritvat ✶ hos.in ✶
syad ✶ hariyojana ✶ homan ✶
syandamānā ✶ hariyūpı̄yā ✶ hotra ✶
syandra ✶ haskr.ti ✶ hotrā ✶
syant ✶ hastā ✶ hotriya ✶
syona ✶ hasti ✶ hrāduni ✶
syūman ✶ hastya ✶ huvāna ✶
syūmanyu ✶ hatyā ✶ hvara ✶
syūmaraśmi ✶ havamānā ✶
hr.n.āy ✶ hes.as ✶
◆♦♥✲✈❡r❜ st❡♠s ✐♥ ❛❧♣❤❛❜❡t✐❝❛❧ ♦r❞❡r ✶✹✼✺

akarman ✶ aṅga ✸ atas ✺

akalpa ✶ aṅgiras ✶✽ atasa ✷
akava ✶ aṅgirastama ✷ atasāyya ✶
akavā ✶ aṅgirasvat ✹ atasāyyā ✶
akavāri ✷ aṅgirasvant ✷ atasi ✶
akāma ✶ acakra ✶ atithigva ✶✷
akudhryak ✶ acakrā ✷ atidı̄vya ✶
akumāra ✶ acit ✶ atinı̄ ✶
akūpāra ✶ acitta ✶ atipāraya ✶
akr.ta ✹ acetas ✶ atimati ✶
aketu ✶ acyuta ✶✵ atividdha ✶
akta ✶ achāya ✶ atis.ita ✶
aktā ✶ achidrodhnı̄ ✶ atis..thant ✶
aktu ✶✷ achokti ✶ atis..thantı̄ ✶
akra ✸ aja ✹ atūtuji ✶
aks.a ✶✵ ajana ✶ atūrta ✶
aks.ara ✶ ajara ✶✵ atr.pn.uvant ✶
aks.ita ✽ ajara ✶ atka ✻
aks.iyant ✶ ajarā ✶ atya ✶✻
aks.etra ✷ ajavas ✶ atra ✹
akharva ✶ ajasra ✶ atri ✶✶
agastya ✶ ajā ✶ atrin ✷
agu ✶ ajāta ✷ atrin ✷
ago ✶ ajāmi ✺ atharvan ✺
agopā ✶ ajira ✷ ad ✸
agorudha ✶ ajur ✶ adabdha ✸
agohya ✶ ajurya ✻ adabha ✶
agni ✶✹✵ ajus..ti ✶ aday ✶
agnivant ✶ ajūryat ✶ adaya ✶
agra ✶✽ ajos.a ✶ adāna ✶
agriya ✷ ajñāta ✸ adābhya ✺
agru ✸ ajman ✺ adāman ✷
agre ✶ ajyamāna ✶ adāśu ✶
agha ✼ ajra ✺ adāśuri ✶
agha ✶ añc ✾ adāśūs.tara ✶
aghā ✶ añjas ✸ adāśvaṅs ✷
aghāyu ✸ añjasā ✶ aditi ✶✺
aghnat ✶ añjası̄ ✶ adugdhā ✶
aghnya ✷ añjası̄nā ✶ adus.kr.t ✶
aghnyā ✶ atathā ✶ adr.pta ✶
aṅkin ✶ atandra ✶ adeva ✶✼
aṅkuśa ✸ atavyas ✶ adevayu ✷
✶✹✼✻

adevı̄ ✻ anapasphura ✶ anis.kr.ta ✶

addhā ✷ anapinaddha ✶ anis..t.rta ✶
adman ✶ anamasyu ✶ anı̄ka ✽
admasad ✶ anamı̄vā ✶ anı̄..da ✶
adya ✸✼ anarva ✶ anu ✸
adyā ✶ anarvan ✹ anukāma ✷
adyut ✶ anarviś ✶ anugra ✶
adri ✹✸ anarśa ✶ anutta ✹
adrivat ✹✼ anarśani ✶ anuttamanyu ✷
adruh ✷ anavadya ✽ anuttā ✶
adrogha ✶ anavadyā ✶ anudeya ✶
adroha ✶ anavāya ✶ anudhūpita ✶
advan ✶ anaśva ✶ anunu ✶
adha ✶ anas ✽ anupūrvam ✶
adhama ✸ anastha ✶ anumati ✶
adhara ✻ ana..duh ✶ anumādya ✶
adharacı̄na ✶ anā ✷ anuyam ✶
adharāñc ✷ anāgāstva ✶ anuvitta ✶
adharāt ✼ anādhr..s.ta ✶ anuvrata ✷
adhas ✸ anādhr..s.tā ✶ anuśāsana ✶
adhastāt ✶ anādhr..sya ✸ anuśis..ta ✷
adhaspada ✷ anānata ✺ anus..tuti ✷
adhinı̄yamāna ✶ anānuda ✸ anus..thā ✶
adhibhojana ✶ anāpasphurantı̄ ✶ anus.vāpam ✶
adhirukmā ✶ anāpi ✶ anuspas..ta ✶
adhivaktr. ✸ anāpta ✶ anusrayāman ✶
adhivāka ✶ anābhayin ✶ anūti ✶
adhr..s.ta ✷ anābhū ✶ anūna ✷
adhr..s.tā ✶ anāmin ✶ anūnā ✶
adhrigu ✺ anāmr.n.a ✶ anūpā ✶
adhvan ✶✵ anāyudha ✶ anūrmi ✶
adhvara ✹✶ anārambhan.a ✶ anr.c ✶
adhvaryu ✷✾ anāśasta ✶ anr.ta ✷
anaks. ✶ anāśu ✷ anr.ta ✷
anaks.ā ✶ anās ✶ anr.tu ✶
anatidbhuta ✶ anindra ✹ anr.tra ✶
ananukr.tya ✶ anindrā ✶ anedya ✽
ananudis..ta ✶ anibhr..s.ta ✶ anenas ✷
ananubhūtı̄ ✶ animāna ✶ anehas ✸
ananta ✸ animis.a ✷ anehasa ✸
anapacyuta ✹ aniveśanā ✶ anta ✶✻
anapavr.t ✷ aniśita ✶ antama ✽
◆♦♥✲✈❡r❜ st❡♠s ✐♥ ❛❧♣❤❛❜❡t✐❝❛❧ ♦r❞❡r ✶✹✼✼

antamā ✶ apas ✷✵ apratimāna ✶

antar ✺✽ apasphura ✶ apratis.kuta ✶
antara ✷ apasya ✶ apratiskuta ✺
antarā ✷ apāk ✸ apratisktuta ✶
antariks.a ✷ apāka ✶ apratı̄ta ✾
anti ✷ apākā ✶ apramr..sya ✷
andha ✼ apāktāt ✶ aprayuch ✶
andhas ✺✼ apāñc ✷ apraśasta ✶
andhā ✶ apāt ✶ aprahan ✶
anna ✶✼ apād ✸ aprahita ✶
anya ✻✶ apāda ✶ aprāmisatya ✶
anyaka ✶✽ apāra ✹ aprāyu ✶
anyat ✶✻ apārā ✶ apvā ✶
anyatas ✶ apālā ✶ apsas ✶
anyatra ✶ apāvr.ktā ✶ abadhira ✶
anyathā ✷ apāvr.ta ✶ abandhu ✷
anyā ✶✵ apāvr.ti ✶ abala ✶
anvañc ✶ api ✷ abibhı̄vaṅs ✷
ap ✶✽✻ apikaks.a ✶ abudhna ✶
apagur ✷ apit ✶ abudhya ✶
apagū..dha ✶ apidhāna ✶ abudhyamāna ✷
apagoha ✶ apidhānavant ✶ abrahmatā ✶
apaciti ✶ apivātay ✶ abrahman ✸
apatya ✹ apiśarvara ✶ abhakta ✷
apadı̄ ✶ apihita ✸ abhaya ✾
apadus.pad ✶ apı̄cya ✶ abhikratu ✶
apadhā ✶ apı̄ti ✶ abhikram ✶
apapitva ✶ apı̄vr.ta ✸ abhiks.attr. ✶
apabādh ✶ apurus.a ✶ abhikhyā ✸
apara ✽ apūpa ✶ abhikhyātr. ✶
aparā ✸ apūpavant ✷ abhicaks.ya ✶
aparājita ✷ apūrvya ✺ abhijñu ✷
aparivis..ta ✶ apr̄. ✶ abhitas ✽
aparihvr.ta ✸ apeśas ✶ abhidyu ✸
aparı̄ ✶ aptūrya ✷ abhinaks.ant ✶
aparı̄ta ✸ apnas ✶ abhinetr. ✶
aparvan ✶ apnasvatı̄ ✶ abhinna ✶
apalāśa ✶ apraks.ita ✶ abhipitva ✹
apavartr. ✶ apraja ✶ abhiprabhaṅgin ✶
apavrata ✷ apratā ✶ abhibhaṅga ✶
apaścāt ✶ aprati ✶✵ abhibhañjı̄ ✶
apaśrita ✷ apratidhr..s.ta ✶ abhibhu ✶
✶✹✼✽

abhibhū ✺ amatra ✻ aya ✶

abhibhū ✶ amatrin ✶ ayajña ✶
abhibhūtara ✶ aman ✶ ayajyu ✸
abhibhūti ✶✶ amantu ✶ ayajvan ✺
abhimāti ✶✵ amanyamāna ✶ ayatha ✷
abhimāna ✶ amarta ✶ ayana ✶
abhiyugvan ✶ amartya ✶✵ ayamāna ✶
abhiyuj ✷ amartyā ✶ ayas ✷
abhivap ✶ amarman ✸ ayasmaya ✶
abhivayas ✶ amavat ✸ ayā ✶
abhivı̄tā ✶ amavant ✶ ayātu ✶
abhivı̄ra ✶ amahı̄yamānā ✶ ayāman ✶
abhivr.ta ✷ amā ✸ ayās ✶
abhivr.tā ✶ amājur ✶ ayāsya ✸
abhivega ✶ amātra ✶ ayukta ✷
abhivlag ✷ amānus.a ✹ ayuja ✶
abhivlaṅga ✶ amita ✹ ayuta ✻
abhiśasti ✻ amitam ✶ ayuddha ✸
abhiśnatha ✶ amitā ✶ ayudhya ✶
abhiśris. ✶ amitra ✷✼ ayoddhr. ✶
abhis.āc ✶ amitraya ✸ ayopās..ti ✶
abhis..r.s.ta ✶ amitriya ✶ ara ✷
abhis..tana ✶ amithita ✶ araks.as ✷
abhis..ti ✷✹ amina ✷ arajju ✷
abhisatvan ✶ amūra ✶ arat.va ✶
abhisena ✶ amr.kta ✶ aran.a ✸
abhisvar ✸ amr.ktā ✷ aran.i ✶
abhı̄ ✷ amr.ta ✷✶ aran.ya ✶
abhı̄ ✶ amr.tatva ✶ aratni ✷
abhı̄ka ✶✷ amr.dhra ✷ aratha ✷
abhı̄ti ✶ amr.dhrā ✷ aradhra ✶
abhı̄ru ✸ amema ✶ aram ✷✻
abhı̄śu ✷ ambarı̄s.a ✶ aramanas ✶
abhuñjat ✶ ambhr.n.a ✶ ararivam .s ✶
abhyañjana ✷ am
. rta ✶ araru ✷
abhyāvartin ✷ am
. śa ✺ arāti ✽
abhra ✸ am
. śu ✶✸ arātivan ✶
abhrātr.vya ✶ am
. śumatı̄ ✸ arādhas ✸
abhriya ✶ am
. satra ✶ arāya ✶
abhva ✷ am
. has ✶✶ arāvan ✶
ama ✻ amhu ✶ ari ✹✽
amati ✾ am
. hūran.ā ✶ aritra ✶
◆♦♥✲✈❡r❜ st❡♠s ✐♥ ❛❧♣❤❛❜❡t✐❝❛❧ ♦r❞❡r ✶✹✼✾

ariprā ✶ arvāc ✷✶ aviks.ita ✶

aris.an.yant ✸ arvācı̄na ✾ avicetana ✶
aris..ta ✹ arvāvat ✾ avitr. ✸✶
aris..ti ✶ arśa ✶ avid ✶
aris.yant ✶ arśasāna ✸ avidı̄dhayu ✶
arı̄..dha ✶ arharisvani ✶ avipra ✷
arugn.a ✶ alalābhavantı̄ ✶ aviran.a ✶
aruc ✶ alātr.n.a ✶ avivena ✶
arun.a ✹ alina ✶ avivenant ✶
arun.ı̄ ✶ avakraks.in ✶ avis.a ✶
aruta ✶ avata ✼ avis..tha ✸
aruśa ✶ avataram ✶ avis.yu ✶
arus.a ✽ avadya ✼ aviharyata ✶
arus.ı̄ ✸ avadhū ✶ avr.ka ✺
aren.u ✶ avadhra ✷ avr.katama ✶
arepas ✶ avani ✼ avr.ta ✹
arka ✹✹ avapāna ✸ avenant ✶
arkin ✷ avabhr.tha ✶ avai ✶
arc ✻✷ avama ✹ avyathi ✶
arcat ✶ avamā ✸ avyathin ✶
arcatrya ✶ avam . śa ✶ avyanant ✶
arcis ✶ avayāj ✶ avyaya ✶
arjuna ✷ avayātr. ✶ avrata ✽
arn.a ✸ avayuna ✶ aśatru ✺
arn.ava ✽ avara ✼ aśan ✸
arn.as ✶✽ avaramb ✶ aśani ✾
arn.ā ✶ avaruddha ✶ aśanimant ✶
artha ✶✶ avarti ✶ aśasta ✶
ardha ✶✶ avas ✶✵✻ aśasti ✻
arbuda ✻ avasa ✶ aśāsya ✶
arbha ✸ avasātr. ✶ aśiva ✸
arbhaka ✷ avasita ✷ aśı̄ti ✶
arbhā ✶ avasr..s.ta ✶ aśu ✶
armaka ✷ avasras ✶ aśus.a ✼
arya ✻ avahantr. ✶ aśna ✹
aryaman ✽ avāc ✶ aśman ✶✺
arvañc ✶ avājina ✶ aśrama ✶
arvat ✷✵ avāta ✷ aśrāta ✶
arvan ✼ avātā ✶ aśri ✷
arvant ✹ avārya ✶ aśrı̄ra ✷
arvāk ✶✺ avi ✶ aśva ✶✵✺
arvāṅ ✶ avikrı̄ta ✶ aśvatha ✶
✶✹✽✵

aśvay ✺ asurya ✶✶ ākara ✸

aśvayā ✶ asus.vi ✸ ākāyya ✶
aśvavat ✹ asūrya ✶ āks.ān.a ✶
aśvavatı̄ ✷ askrd.hoyu ✶ ākhan.d.ala ✶
aśvavant ✶ asta ✾ āgas ✷
aśvasātama ✶ astamı̄ke ✶ āgniveśi ✶
aśvā ✶ astr. ✶✶ āghr.n.i ✸
aśvā ✶ astr.ta ✻ āṅgirasa ✷
aśvāvat ✶ asthan ✶ āṅgūs.a ✼
aśvāvant ✸ asthā ✶ āṅgūs.ya ✶
aśvin ✶✷ asnātr. ✷ ācakri ✶
aśvina ✶ aspr.ta ✶ ācarantı̄ ✶
aśviya ✶ asmaka ✸ āji ✸✷
aśvya ✶✻ asmatrā ✺ ājuhvāna ✶
as.atara ✶ asmatrāñc ✶ ājñātr. ✶
as.ā..dha ✾ asmadryak ✹ ājya ✷
as..ta ✺ asmadryañc ✶ ān.i ✶
asat ✷ asmayu ✺ ān.d.a ✸
asat ✷ asmāka ✻ ātapa ✶
asana ✶ asridh ✶ ātā ✷
asanā ✶ asridha ✶ ātithigva ✷
asant ✷ aha ✹ ātman ✶
asama ✻ ahan ✶✾ ādadi ✶
asamana ✶ ahar ✶✷ ādana ✶
asamas..ta ✶ ahardr..sa ✶ ādartr. ✶
asamā ✶ ahasta ✷ ādardira ✶
asamāti ✶ ahastā ✶ ādārin.a ✶
asam . yatta ✶ ahi ✻✵ āditya ✼
asāmi ✻ ahita ✶ ādiś ✷
asi ✶ ahimāya ✶ āduri ✶
asiknı̄ ✶ ahim . santı̄ ✶ ādr. ✷
asinva ✶ ahihatya ✶ ādhı̄ta ✶
asinvant ✷ ahı̄ ✷ ādhra ✶
asinvā ✶ ahı̄śuva ✹ āna ✺
asu ✶ ahr.n.āna ✶ ānava ✷
asuta ✸ ahe..d ✷ ānus.ak ✽
asunvat ✸ ahnavāyya ✶ ānūkam ✶
asunvant ✹ ahraya ✷ āntra ✶
asunvā ✶ ahrayān.a ✶ āpānta ✶
asura ✶✻ ahri ✶ āpi ✶✶
asuratva ✶ ahrutapsu ✶ āpitva ✷
asuratvā ✶ ā .añj ✶ āpı̄ ✶
◆♦♥✲✈❡r❜ st❡♠s ✐♥ ❛❧♣❤❛❜❡t✐❝❛❧ ♦r❞❡r ✶✹✽✶

āpūrn.a ✶ ārks.a ✶ it.at ✶

āpr.k ✶ ārjı̄kı̄ya ✶ iti ✶✾
āpta ✶ ārjuneya ✸ ittham ✶
āptya ✸ ārdra ✶ itthā ✺
āpya ✺ ārya ✷✷ idā ✸
āpra ✶ āvadant ✶ iddha ✸
ābhaga ✷ āvan ✶ idhma ✷
ābhara ✶ āviś ✶ ina ✶✵
ābhu ✷ āvis ✶✶ inatama ✷
ābhū ✺ āvr.ta ✹ indu ✺✸
ābhūs.ant ✶ āvr.tvat ✶ indra ✷✵✻✶
ābhr.ta ✸ āvr.dh ✶ indratvā ✶
ābhoga ✶ āśayāna ✺ indravat ✶
āmarı̄tr. ✶ āśas ✺ indriya ✷✹
āmā ✺ āśir ✶✼ indrota ✷
āmitra ✶ āśis ✸ inva ✸
āmiślatama ✶ āśı̄rta ✶ ibha ✷
āmis ✶ āśu ✷✷ iyat ✷
āmur ✷ āśus. ✹ irajyant ✶
āmuri ✶ āśrı̄ ✶ irasyā ✶
āmus. ✶ āśvamedha ✷ irin.a ✶
āmus.ya ✶ āśvaśvya ✶ ilı̄biśa ✶
āya ✶ ās ✶✷ is. ✶✵✶
āyat ✶ āsaṅga ✷ is.a ✶✶
āyata ✶ āsaja ✶ is.ama ✽
āyana ✶ āsan ✹ is.ay ✶
āyantr. ✶ āsā ✶ is.ayantı̄ ✶
āyasa ✶✶ āsāt ✶ is.avant ✶
āyasi ✶ āsı̄na ✹ is.ita ✶✸
āyası̄ ✷ āsuti ✹ is.itā ✶
āyu ✷✾ āsura ✸ is.ira ✺
āyudha ✶✺ āsr. ✶ is.iram ✶
āyus ✷✸ āstrabudhna ✶ is.irā ✷
āran.a ✶ āsthā ✷ is.u ✺
ārāt ✽ āsthātr. ✶ is.udhi ✶
ārāttāt ✶ āsya ✷ is.kartr. ✷
ārita ✹ āhanas ✶ is..ta ✶
āruj ✶ āhava ✷ is..ti ✷✵
āruja ✷ āhāva ✶ iha ✷✹
ārujatnu ✶ āhuta ✶ i..dā ✷
āre ✶✸ āhū ✶ ı̄ks.a ✷✻
ārohant ✶ āhvayamāna ✶ ı̄ṅkh ✶
✶✹✽✷

ı̄jāna ✶ udaktāt ✶ upas ✶

ı̄d.ya ✷ udac ✶ upasadya ✶
ı̄dr.ś ✸ udañc ✶ upasecanı̄ ✶
ı̄rmā ✷ udañca ✶ upastuta ✷
ı̄vat ✷ udadhi ✷ upastuti ✻
ı̄śāna ✸✹ udan ✻ upastha ✻
ı̄s.ā ✶ udany ✶ upasthāya ✶
ı̄..dita ✶ udara ✻ upaspr.ś ✶
ukta ✷ udāvat ✶ upahasvan ✶
ukti ✶ udita ✷ upahvara ✹
uktha ✽✼ uditi ✶ upāka ✷
ukthaśas ✶ udr.ci ✶ upāke ✹
ukthin ✽ uddhita ✶ upānasa ✶
ukthya ✷✷ udbhid ✷ upāran.a ✶
uks.an. ✶ udbhr.ta ✶ ubha ✸✺
uks.an ✶ udyata ✺ ubhaya ✶✹
uks.amāna ✶ udyantr. ✶ ubhayatra ✶
uks.ita ✷ udrin ✷ ubhayam ✶
ukha ✶ udvat ✶ ubhayā ✶
ukhā ✶ udvr..s ✷ ubhayāvin ✶
ugra ✶✷✻ upa ✶ ubhayāhasti ✶
ugrā ✸ upanı̄ta ✶ ubhā ✷
ucatha ✺ upaparcana ✶ uran.a ✶
ucathya ✶ upapr.c ✶ urā ✷
ucca ✶ upapre ✶ urān.a ✶
uccar ✶ upabarhan.ı̄ ✶ uru ✻✹
uccā ✷ upabda ✷ urus.yā ✶
uttama ✸ upabdi ✶ urūcı̄ ✶
uttara ✼ upama ✶✸ urvarā ✾
uttarā ✸ upamanyu ✶ urvi ✹
uttarāt ✺ upamā ✶ urviyā ✶
uttarāttāt ✶ upamāti ✷ urvı̄ ✶✵
uttānā ✶ upamām ✶ ulūka ✷
uttāra ✶ upara ✽ uśat ✶
utsa ✻ uparā ✷ uśatı̄ ✸
utsava ✷ upari ✷ uśadhak ✶
utsr.p ✶ uparibudhna ✶ uśanas ✶✵
utsthā ✶ upavācya ✶ uśanā ✷
utsnā ✶ upaśak ✶ uśamāna ✶
ud ✶ upaśāka ✶ uśij ✺
uda ✸ upaśruti ✷ us.as ✹✻
udak ✷ upaśrotr. ✶ us.ān.a ✶
◆♦♥✲✈❡r❜ st❡♠s ✐♥ ❛❧♣❤❛❜❡t✐❝❛❧ ♦r❞❡r ✶✹✽✸

us..tra ✸ .rjta ✶ etāvat ✸

usra ✹ .rjra ✽ etr. ✷
usrā ✷ .rñjasāna ✶ edhamāna ✶
usriya ✸ .rn.a ✻ enas ✸
usriyā ✾ .rn.āvan ✶ enā ✷
uhāna ✶ .rta ✽✸ enı̄ ✷
ū..dhā ✶ .rtajātā ✶ emus.a ✶
ūta ✶✷ .rtavan ✶ eva ✶✷
ūti ✶✽✷ .rtāvan ✷ evāra ✶
ūdhan ✹ .rtāvarı̄ ✷ es.a ✷
ūdhar ✹ .rti ✸ es.an.a ✺
ūdhas ✺ .rtu ✻ es.at ✶
ūbha ✶ .rtuthā ✻ es..ti ✶
ūma ✺ .rtuśas ✶ okas ✶✻
ūru ✷ .rte ✷ okta ✶
ūrj ✶✸ .rtvij ✶ okya ✹
ūrn.ā ✶ .rtviya ✹ ogan.a ✶
ūrdara ✶ .rtviyavatı̄ ✷ ojas ✶✷✽
ūrdhva ✼ .rdu ✷ ojasvant ✶
ūrdhvathā ✶ .rdh ✽ ojāy ✷
ūrdhvam ✶ .rdhak ✷ ojis..tha ✶✷
ūrdhvasāna ✶ .rdhat ✶ ojis..thā ✶
ūrdhvā ✸ .rbhu ✶✼ ojı̄yaṅs ✷
ūrmi ✶✹ .rbhumant ✶ ojman ✶
ūrva ✶✵ .rbhvan ✺ on.i ✶
.rkvan ✻ .rbhvas ✷ odatı̄ ✶
.rks.a ✷ .rśya ✶ odana ✸
.rgmiya ✶ .r.sabha ✶ opaśa ✷
.rghāvat ✶ .r.si ✸✺ omātrā ✶
.rghāvant ✷ .r.sivas ✶ os.a ✾
.rc ✹✵ .r.sis..tutā ✶ oha ✶
.rcyamānā ✶ .r.s.ti ✶ ohas ✶
.rj ✷ .r.sva ✷✽ ohāna ✶
.rjipya ✷ .r.svā ✶ auks.ı̄ ✶
.rjiśvan ✾ eka ✽✻ aurn.avābha ✸
.rjı̄ka ✷ ekadyū ✶ auśija ✸
.rjı̄pin ✷ ekam ✶ kakāta ✶
.rjı̄yam .s ✶ ekā ✶ kakubh ✷
.rjı̄s.a ✶ eta ✺ kakuha ✷
.rjı̄s.in ✷✵ etagva ✶ kaks.a ✷
.rju ✶ etaśa ✶✸ kaks.ı̄vat ✷
.rjūnas ✶ etādr.ś ✶ kaks.ya ✶
✶✹✽✹

kaks.yaprā ✷ kavatnu ✶ kı̄vat ✶

kaks.yā ✶ kavas.a ✶ kuks.i ✼
kan.va ✶✽ kavi ✸✺ kucara ✶
kan.vamant ✶ kavitama ✶ kun.āru ✶
kan.vavat ✷ kavitvana ✶ kun.d.apāyya ✶
katpaya ✶ kaśa ✶ kun.d..rn.ācı̄ ✶
kadartha ✶ kaśaplaka ✶ kutas ✷
kadru ✶ kaśā ✶ kutsa ✸✺
kadhapriyā ✶ kaśāvatı̄ ✶ kutsya ✶
kanı̄ ✶ kākud ✷ kumāraka ✶
kanı̄na ✸ kākuda ✶ kumbha ✶
kanı̄nakā ✶ kān.uka ✶ kuyava ✻
kanı̄yas ✹ kān.va ✸ kuyavāca ✶
kanyā ✷ kāti ✷ kuruṅga ✶
kapar ✶ kānı̄ta ✷ kuruśravan.a ✶
kapila ✶ kāma ✹✶ kula ✶
kapota ✶ kāmā ✶ kuliśa ✶
kara ✺ kāmin ✶ kuliśı̄ ✶
karañja ✶ kāmya ✼ kulyā ✷
karañjaha ✶ kāra ✻ kuvitsa ✶
karan.a ✻ kārin ✸ kuvid ✹
karambha ✷ kāru ✷✽ kuśika ✼
karambhin ✷ kārpān.a ✶ kus.avā ✶
karas ✶ kāla ✶ kuha ✶
karasna ✷ kāvya ✶✶ kuhacidvid ✶
karis.ya ✶ kāśi ✷ kūrmi ✻
karis.yat ✶ kāśi ✶ kūrmitama ✶
karun.a ✶ kās..thā ✺ kūrmin ✶
karū..datin ✶ kim ✸ kr.kadāśū ✶
karn.a ✾ kimı̄din ✷ kr.t ✸✶
karn.agr.hyā ✶ kiyat ✹ kr.ta ✸✼
karta ✶ kiyedhā ✷ kr.tā ✶
kartr. ✶✶ kiran.a ✷ kr.ti ✺
kartva ✻ kila ✸ kr.tti ✶
karman ✸✻ kilā ✶ kr.tnu ✺
karvara ✷ kilbis.a ✶ kr.tya ✶
karśana ✶ kı̄kat.a ✶ kr.trima ✸
karhi ✸ kı̄ja ✶ kr.tvan ✹
kalaśa ✾ kı̄ri ✻ kr.tvya ✺
kali ✶ kı̄rin ✷ kr.dhukarn.a ✶
kalyānı̄ ✶ kı̄rti ✶ kr.ntatra ✶
kava ✶ kı̄rtenya ✶ kr.pa ✷
◆♦♥✲✈❡r❜ st❡♠s ✐♥ ❛❧♣❤❛❜❡t✐❝❛❧ ♦r❞❡r ✶✹✽✺

kr.pan.a ✶ klośa ✶ khala ✶

kr.pı̄t.a ✶ kva ✶ khā ✶
kr.śa ✹ ks.a ✶✶ khāda ✸
kr.śana ✶ ks.an.a ✸ khādi ✶
kr.śanin ✶ ks.atra ✶✼ khārı̄ ✶
kr.śānu ✷ ks.atriya ✶ khidvas ✶
kr..s.ti ✸✺ ks.atriya ✶ khilya ✶
kr..sn.a ✶✵ ks.ad ✶ khedā ✷
kr..sn.ā ✺ ks.adman ✶ gan.a ✾
keta ✻ ks.ap ✷ gadhya ✸
ketu ✶✷ ks.apāvant ✶ gantr. ✻
ketumat ✶ ks.am ✶✹ gandharva ✸
kenipa ✶ ks.amya ✶ gabhasti ✶✺
kepi ✶ ks.aya ✶✾ gabhı̄ra ✼
kevala ✼ ks.arantı̄ ✶ gabhı̄rā ✶
kevalam ✶ ks.ā ✶✺ gama ✷
kevalā ✶ ks.āma ✸ gambhı̄ra ✹
keśa ✸ ks.āman ✶ gambhı̄rā ✶
keśavant ✶ ks.it ✶ gaya ✻
keśi ✶ ks.iti ✶✽ gargara ✶
keśin ✽ ks.iptā ✶ garta ✶
keśya ✷ ks.iyant ✷ gardabha ✷
koka ✶ ks.ı̄ra ✸ garbha ✶✻
kośa ✾ ks.u ✻ garbhatva ✶
kośayı̄ ✶ ks.udra ✷ garbhadhi ✶
kaurayān.a ✶ ks.udh ✻ galdā ✶
kaulitara ✶ ks.umant ✺ gavaya ✶
kauśika ✶ ks.umpa ✶ gavis. ✷
kraks.amān.a ✶ ks.ura ✷ gavy ✶✶
kratu ✶✹✵ ks.etra ✼ gavya ✶✸
kratumant ✸ ks.ema ✽ gavyat ✶
krandas ✸ ks.emyā ✶ gavyaya ✶
krama ✶ ks.on.i ✶ gavyā ✸
kraman.a ✶ ks.on.ı̄ ✽ gahana ✶
kravya ✶ ks.odas ✶ gā ✸✵
krā ✶ ks.obhan.a ✶ gāṅgya ✶
kri ✶ ks.mā ✷ gātu ✶✾
krivi ✹ kha ✽ gātra ✶
kru ✶ khaja ✹ gāthaśravas ✶
kruddha ✶ khadira ✶ gāthā ✷
krośana ✶ khan ✶ gāthānı̄ ✶
kros..t.r ✶ khargalā ✶ gāthin ✶
✶✹✽✻

gādha ✺ goduh ✷ caks.as ✾

gāya ✸ godhā ✸ caks.us ✸
gāyatra ✽ goparı̄n.as ✶ catasr. ✸
gāyatrin ✶ gopā ✶✵ catin ✶
gārs..teya ✶ gomagha ✶ catur ✶✹
gāh ✶ gomaghā ✶ catus.pād ✶
gir ✶✹✶ gomat ✹✷ catustrimśat ✶
giri ✷✽ gomatı̄ ✹ catta ✶
girvan.as ✹ govid ✸ catvār ✶
girvan.astama ✷ gośarya ✷ catvārim . śat ✶
girvanas ✶✶ gos.atama ✶ catvārim . śı̄ ✶
gı̄yamāna ✸ gosan. ✶ cana ✶
gu ✸ goha ✸ canas ✷
guṅgu ✶ gaura ✺ canis..tha ✶
gus.pita ✶ gaurivı̄ti ✶ candra ✶✷
guh ✶ gaurı̄ ✶ candramas ✸
guha ✶ gnā ✷ candravat ✷
guhat ✶ grābha ✷ camasa ✸
guhā ✶✷ grāma ✹ camū ✶✶
guhya ✻ grāvan ✶✺ camris. ✶
gū..dha ✹ gri ✶ camrı̄s. ✶
gū..dhe ✶ grı̄va ✷ caya ✸
gūrta ✺ ghana ✾ car ✶
gūrtā ✶ gharma ✸ cara ✶
gūrti ✷ ghr.n.a ✶ caran.i ✶
gr.n.at ✶ ghr.n.ā ✶ carat ✶
gr.n.ant ✶ ghr.ta ✷✹ caratha ✸
gr.tsa ✷ ghr.tavat ✶ carant ✶
gr.tsamada ✶ ghr.tavant ✷ carantı̄ ✶
gr.dhra ✶ ghr.tācı̄ ✷ carama ✶
gr.bh ✸ ghr..su ✸ caris.n.u ✶
gr.bha ✶ ghr..svi ✻ caru ✷
gr.bhı̄ta ✷ ghora ✺ caru ✶
gr..s.ti ✶ ghorā ✷ carkr.tya ✸
gr.ha ✶✸ ghos.a ✾ carman ✶
gr.hya ✷ ghna ✷ cars.an.i ✺✵
gehya ✶ ghram . sa ✶ cars.ani ✽
gairiks.ita ✶ cakamāna ✶ cāy ✶
go ✷✽✵ cakra ✷✼ cāyamāna ✷
gotama ✻ cakri ✸ cāratha ✶
gotra ✶✶ cakriya ✶ cāru ✶✽
godari ✶ cakrı̄ ✸ cārutama ✶
◆♦♥✲✈❡r❜ st❡♠s ✐♥ ❛❧♣❤❛❜❡t✐❝❛❧ ♦r❞❡r ✶✹✽✼

cikit ✷ jata ✶ jāta ✹✼

cikitvit ✶ jatru ✶ jātā ✶
cit ✺✸ jan ✶✶✵ jātu ✶
cit ✶ jana ✶✶✷ jātū ✷
cita ✶ jani ✺ jāna ✶
citta ✷ janitr. ✶✷ jānatı̄ ✶
citti ✻ janitrı̄ ✶✻ jāni ✶
citra ✸✽ janitva ✶ jānu ✷
citratama ✸ janitvana ✶ jāmātr. ✶
citram ✶ janidhā ✶ jāmi ✾
citraratha ✶ janiman ✽ jāmitva ✶
citraśravastama ✷ janimasssn ✶ jāmivat ✶
citrā ✶✸ janiy ✶ jāyamāna ✶
citrin.ı̄ ✶ janivat ✶ jāyā ✺
citrya ✶ janı̄ ✷ jāra ✷
cumuri ✻ janus ✶✸ jigatnu ✶
cetana ✺ jantu ✻ jigarti ✶
cetas ✶ jantva ✶ jigı̄vam .s ✷
cetis..tha ✶ janman ✸ jigyu ✶
cetyā ✶ janya ✺ jighatnu ✶
ceru ✶ janyā ✶ jighām . sant ✶
coda ✹ jamadagni ✸ jit ✷✷
codana ✺ jamadagnidatta ✶ jita ✸
codayat ✷ jambha ✷ jivri ✸
coditr. ✻ jaya ✷ jis.n.u ✸
cyava ✶ jayantı̄ ✶ jihāna ✶
cyavatāna ✶ jaran.a ✶ jihmabāra ✶
cyavana ✺ jaran.ā ✶ jihva ✹
cyut ✼ jarā ✶ jihvā ✹
cyuta ✷ jaritr. ✼✺ jı̄ra ✶✷
cyautna ✶✵ jariman ✸ jı̄ri ✷
chad ✽ java ✶ jı̄va ✸
chandas ✶ javanı̄ ✶ jı̄vātu ✷
chandu ✶ javas ✻ jujus.ān.a ✶
chardis ✷ javasā ✶ jujus.vant ✷
chid ✸ javinı̄ ✶ jus.ān.a ✷
ja..dhu ✶ javı̄yas ✶ jus..ta ✻
jaks. ✶ jasvan ✶ jus..tā ✷
jagat ✽ jahita ✶ jus..ti ✶
jagatı̄ ✶ jahr..sān.a ✶ juhū ✷
jagmi ✹ jā ✾ juhvat ✶
jat.hara ✶✸ jāgr.vi ✺ jū ✶✵
✶✹✽✽

jūjuvāna ✶ tan ✷✼ tavı̄yas ✸

jūta ✾ tan ✸ tavya ✶
jūti ✹ tanaya ✶✻ tavyas ✶
jūr ✷ tanā ✷ tas..ta ✸
jūrn.i ✶ tanū ✻✸ tas..t.r ✹
jetr. ✻ tanti ✶ taskara ✶
jetva ✶ tantu ✷ tāti ✸
jenya ✺ tandra ✶ tātr..sān.a ✶
jes.a ✺ tanyatu ✸ tādı̄tnā ✶
jaitra ✺ tapas ✸ tānū ✶
jaitrı̄ ✶ tapis..tā ✶ tāvat ✶
jos.a ✻ tapis..tha ✶ tāvant ✶
jos.avāka ✶ tapus.i ✶ tigita ✶
jos..t.r ✶ tapus ✺ tigma ✶✹
jos.yā ✶ tapta ✷ tigmā ✶
johuvat ✶ tamas ✸✸ titirvas ✶
johuvatı̄ ✶ tamrā ✶ tiraścatā ✶
johūtra ✶ tara ✸ tiraścā ✶
jña ✸ taran.i ✺ tiraścı̄ ✶
jñās ✶ tarat ✶ tirindira ✶
jmāyant ✶ tarani ✶ tisr. ✶
jyā ✺ taras ✷ tisra ✷
jyākā ✻ tarasvin ✷ tı̄rtha ✷
jyāyam .s ✷ taruks.a ✶ tı̄vra ✶✸
jyāyas ✺ tarutr. ✹ tugra ✸
jyes..tha ✶✻ tarutra ✶✷ tugrya ✻
jyes..thatama ✶ tarus.y ✶ tuj ✶✸
jyais..thya ✷ tarus ✶ tujayat ✶
jyok ✺ tarūs.as ✶ tuji ✷
jyotis ✸✺ tars.yāvant ✶ tujya ✶
jrayas ✶✶ tarhan.a ✶ tujyamāna ✶
jri ✶ tava ✶ tujyā ✶
takta ✸ tavas ✶✾ tuñja ✷
takva ✶ tavastama ✶ tumra ✻
tata ✷ tavastara ✶ tur ✶✸
tatanus..ti ✶ tavasya ✶ tura ✶✾
tatas ✶ tavis.a ✾ turan.a ✶
taturi ✸ tavis.ı̄ ✷✹ turan.y ✶
tatr.pi ✶ tavis.ı̄ya ✶ turan.yu ✶
tatr..sān.a ✷ tavis.ı̄vat ✶ turatas ✶
tatra ✶ tavis.ı̄vant ✶ turayā ✶
taditartha ✶ tavis.ı̄vas ✶ turās.ah ✶
◆♦♥✲✈❡r❜ st❡♠s ✐♥ ❛❧♣❤❛❜❡t✐❝❛❧ ♦r❞❡r ✶✹✽✾

turās.āh ✸ tośatama ✶ tvis. ✾

turı̄ya ✹ tman ✺ tvis.i ✶
turvan.i ✼ tmanā ✶✽ tvis.imat ✷
turvaśa ✶✺ tyajas ✷ tvis.ı̄mant ✶
turvı̄ti ✹ tyad ✹ tves.a ✽
tuvi ✺✺ tyāga ✶ tves.as ✶
tuvinr.mn.a ✻ tra ✷ da ✶
tuvis..tama ✶ trada ✶ daks.a ✶✽
tuvis.mat ✶ trasadasyu ✼ daks.as ✶
tuvis.mant ✻ trā ✷ daks.āyya ✶
tuvı̄rava ✶ trātr. ✽ daks.in.a ✶✶
tus. ✶ trāman ✶ daks.in.atas ✷
tūtujāna ✻ tri ✸✼ daks.in.atrā ✶
tūtujānā ✷ trikadruka ✻ daks.in.ā ✶✽
tūtuji ✹ trita ✾ daks.in.āvat ✷
tūtuma ✷ trim . śat ✷ daks.in.āvant ✷
tūya ✶ trim . śata ✷ daks.in.it ✶
tūyam ✶✸ trim . śatśata ✶ daghvan ✶
tūrn.āśa ✶ trivis..ti ✶ datr. ✶
tūrn.i ✸ triśoka ✷ datta ✸
tūrya ✻ tris..tubh ✶ datra ✺
tūrvayān.a ✸ tris ✼ dadi ✶✶
tr...dha ✶ trisapta ✶ dadhan ✷
tr.ks.i ✶ trı̄ ✷ dadhāna ✶
tr..tsu ✶ tru ✶ dadhi ✷
tr.tı̄ya ✸ tretinı̄ ✶ dadhr.k ✶
tr.tı̄yam ✶ tredhā ✶ dadhr..sa ✶
tr.tsu ✻ traistubha ✶ dadhr..si ✶
tr.pat ✶ tryarus.i ✶ dadhr..svan.i ✶
tr.pala ✶ tva ✹ dadhyac ✸
tr.pti ✶ tvaks.as ✸ dabhı̄ti ✾
tr.pra ✶ tvac ✻ dabhra ✽
tr..s ✸ tvaca ✶ dam ✼
tr..sān.a ✸ tvadrik ✶ dama ✹
tr..sita ✶ tvayatā ✷ damitr. ✷
tr..su ✶ tvas..t.r ✶✸ damūnas ✸
tr..syant ✶ tvā ✶ dam . .s.tra ✶
tejas ✷ tvāyat ✶ dam . sana ✹
tejis..thā ✷ tvāyā ✼ dam . sanā ✶
toka ✶✽ tvāvat ✶✸ dam . sanāvant ✷
toda ✶ tvāvant ✻ dam . sas ✸
tośa ✷ tvās..tra ✶ dam . sis..tha ✷
✶✹✾✵

dam . supatnı̄ ✶ dāman ✺ duchunā ✶

dara ✽ dāmana ✶ dudh ✹
darı̄man ✶ dāmanvant ✶ dudhi ✶
dartr. ✷ dāvan ✷✶ dudhita ✷
dartnu ✶ dāśu ✸ dudhra ✺
darma ✶ dāśuri ✶ dundubhi ✸
darman ✷ dāsa ✺✶ dur ✽
darvi ✶ dāsatha ✶ dura ✸
darśata ✸ dāsaveśa ✶ durādhı̄ ✷
davı̄yas ✶ dāsı̄ ✽ durāśı̄ ✶
daśa ✸✻ dāsvant ✸ durita ✶✷
daśagva ✹ ditsu ✶ dureva ✹
daśagvin ✶ didyu ✽ durevā ✸
daśadyu ✷ didyut ✹ duron.a ✺
daśabhuji ✶ din ✶ duros.a ✶
daśama ✶ dina ✷ duros.as ✶
daśavraja ✷ dipsu ✶ durga ✺
daśaśipra ✶ diva ✸✽ durgaha ✷
daśon.i ✸ divaks.as ✶ durgahā ✶
daśon.ya ✶ divā ✶✺ durgr.bhiśvan ✶
das ✺✹ divitmat ✶ durdhara ✶
dasa ✶ divis..ti ✶ durnāśa ✶
dasma ✷✵ divodāsa ✻ durmati ✾
dasmatama ✶ divya ✶✺ durmada ✷
dasmya ✶ divya ✶ durmanman ✶
dasyu ✶✶ divyā ✶ durmars.a ✶
dasra ✸ diś ✾ durmāyu ✶
dā ✶✺✸ diśamāna ✶ durmitra ✷
dāta ✸ dis..ti ✶ durya ✶
dātama ✶ dı̄dyāna ✶ duryuj ✶
dātā ✶ dı̄dhiti ✶ duryon.a ✸
dāti ✷ dı̄na ✶ durvidvam .s ✶
dātu ✷ dı̄rgha ✶✷ durhan.āy ✶
dātr. ✷✵ dı̄rgham ✷ durhan.āyū ✶
dātra ✸ dı̄rghaśruttama ✶ durhanā ✶
dādhr..si ✶ dı̄rghā ✶ durhanāvant ✶
dāna ✷✾ dı̄rghāyutva ✶ durhr.n.āyu ✶
dānava ✺ dı̄v ✶ duvas ✾
dānavant ✶ dugdha ✹ duścyavana ✷
dānu ✷✵ dugha ✸ dus.kr.t ✷
dānumat ✶ dughā ✶ dus..tara ✶✵
dābha ✶ dughāna ✷ dus..tarı̄tu ✶
◆♦♥✲✈❡r❜ st❡♠s ✐♥ ❛❧♣❤❛❜❡t✐❝❛❧ ♦r❞❡r ✶✹✾✶

dus..tuti ✶ devayant ✶ druh ✶✵

dus..tutı̄ ✶ devayantı̄ ✶ druh ✹
dus.pad ✶ devavant ✹ druhyu ✺
dus.prāvı̄ ✶ devahūya ✶ druhvan ✷
duhāna ✶ devātatama ✶ drogha ✶
duhānā ✶ devi ✶ drogha ✶
duhitr. ✼ devı̄ ✷✷ dron.a ✸
duh.śam . sa ✷ des..tha ✶ dron.i ✶
dū ✶ des.n.a ✻ dva ✶✹
dūd.hi ✶ dehı̄ ✶ dvaya ✶
dūd.hı̄ ✷ daivavāta ✶ dvara ✶
dūn.aśa ✶ daivı̄ ✷ dvaras ✶
dūn.āśa ✷ daivya ✻ dvarin ✶
dūn.āśā ✶ dos.ā ✸ dvā ✹
dūta ✸ doha ✶ dvār ✶
dūra ✻ dohanā ✶ dvāra ✶
dūram ✸ dohas ✸ dvi ✻
dūrāt ✼ daurgaha ✶ dvitā ✶✹
dūre ✷ dyu ✸✵✹ dvitı̄yam ✶
dūrvā ✶ dyuks.ā ✶ dvipād ✷
dr...dha ✷✾ dyugat ✶ dvis. ✷✸
dr...dham ✶ dyut ✸ dvis.at ✶
dr...dhā ✶ dyumatı̄ ✶ dvis ✸
dr.bhı̄ka ✶ dyumattama ✷ dvı̄pa ✶
dr.m . hita ✹ dyumant ✽ dves.as ✶✵
dr.m . hitā ✶ dyumna ✸✺ dves.as ✶
dr.m . hitr. ✶ dyumnavattama ✶ dha ✹
dr.ś ✷✷ dyumnitama ✶ dhana ✽✵
dr.śi ✶ dyumnin ✹ dhanin ✶
dr.śı̄ka ✷ dyumnintama ✶ dhanis..thā ✶
dr..sad ✶ dyotana ✶ dhanu ✹
deya ✹ drapsa ✺ dhanutrı̄ ✶
deva ✷✺✽ dravat ✸ dhanya ✶
deva ✶ dravin.a ✽ dhanva ✸
devaka ✶ dravin.as ✷ dhanvan ✶✷
devatama ✶ dravitnu ✷ dhamani ✶
devatā ✼ drahyat ✶ dhamantı̄ ✶
devatāt ✷ drāghis..thā ✶ dharun.a ✾
devatrā ✸ drāghı̄yam .s ✶ dharn.asi ✶
devana ✶ dru ✶✻ dhartr. ✹
devay ✷ drugdha ✶ dharman.ā ✶
devayat ✶ drupada ✶ dharman ✾
✶✹✾✷

dhā ✷✺✸ dhr..satā ✾ napatı̄ ✶

dhātu ✽ dhr..satı̄ ✶ napāt ✼
dhātr. ✷ dhr..sita ✺ naptı̄ ✶
dhāna ✽ dhr..sitā ✶ nabhanu ✶
dhānā ✶✶ dhr..sn.u ✸✷ nabhanya ✶
dhānāvat ✷ dhr..sn.uyā ✼ nabhas ✸
dhānāvant ✶ dhena ✶ nama ✷
dhānya ✶ dhenā ✶✵ namas ✸✽
dhāman ✶✹ dhenu ✸✶ namasya ✺
dhāyas ✶✶ dheya ✷ namasyā ✶
dhāra ✶ dhes..tha ✶ namasvant ✷
dhāraya ✷ dhes..thā ✷ namasvin ✸
dhārayant ✶ dhautarı̄ ✶ namı̄ ✸
dhārā ✽ dhauti ✶ namuci ✾
dhāvant ✶ dhraj ✶ namra ✶
dhāsi ✷ dhruva ✶ nara ✹
dhi ✷✶ dhruvam ✶ narya ✷✾
dhita ✶ dhruvā ✶ nava ✷✹
dhitāvan ✶ dhruh ✶ navagva ✹
dhiti ✹ dhvaj ✶ navagvā ✶
dhiyasāna ✷ dhvaja ✷ navajāta ✶
dhis. ✷ dhvanya ✶ navati ✶✼
dhis.an.y ✶ dhvaras ✶ navatı̄ ✷
dhı̄ ✶✵✼ dhvasira ✶ navā ✸
dhı̄ta ✷ dhvasman ✶ navis..ti ✶
dhı̄ti ✶✼ dhvasrā ✶ navis..tha ✶
dhı̄yāyant ✶ dhvānta ✷ navis..thā ✶
dhı̄ra ✽ dhvr.t ✶ navı̄ya ✶
dhı̄rā ✶ nakis ✸ navı̄yam .s ✶
dhı̄vat ✶ nakı̄m ✷ navı̄yas ✾
dhı̄vant ✷ nakta ✺ navı̄yası̄ ✸
dhuni ✶✸ naktam ✷ naveda ✶
dhunimatı̄ ✷ naks.at ✶ navedas ✶
dhur ✽ naks.atra ✷ navya ✷✷
dhura ✶ naks.amān.ā ✶ navyam ✸
dhūta ✺ nakha ✶ navyas ✼
dhūr ✹ nagna ✷ navyasas ✶
dhūrti ✷ nada ✹ navyası̄ ✹
dhr.t ✻ nadanu ✶ navyā ✶
dhr.ta ✹ nadanumant ✶ nahus.a ✶
dhr..sa ✶ nadı̄ ✸✶ nahus..tara ✶
dhr..sat ✶✺ nanu ✶ nahus ✷
◆♦♥✲✈❡r❜ st❡♠s ✐♥ ❛❧♣❤❛❜❡t✐❝❛❧ ♦r❞❡r ✶✹✾✸

nahusa ✶ nipres.ita ✶ nis..sapin ✶

na..da ✶ nibādhita ✶ nis..sāh ✶
nāka ✶ nibhr.ta ✷ nis..sidh ✺
nādh ✼ nimita ✶ nis..sidhvarı̄ ✶
nānadat ✶ nimiśla ✷ nisatti ✶
nānā ✺ nimih ✶ nisvaram ✶
nābhakavat ✷ nimna ✹ nihata ✶
nābhi ✺ niyatā ✶ nihita ✸
nāman ✸✷ niyantr. ✶ nih.sr.j ✷
nāmas ✶ niyut ✶✸ nı̄ ✸✼
nāya ✷ niyutvat ✶ nı̄cā ✹
nāri ✶ niyutvant ✹ nı̄ci ✶
nārı̄ ✸ niras..ta ✶ nı̄cı̄ ✶
nārmara ✶ niruddha ✶ nı̄ti ✸
nārya ✶ niruddhā ✶ nı̄tha ✺
nāva ✷ nirundhāna ✶ nı̄thā ✶
nāvyā ✸ nirr.ti ✶ nı̄pātithi ✷
nāsatya ✹ nirr.ti ✶ nı̄vyā ✶
nāhus.a ✶ nirr.tha ✶ nūtana ✶✹
nāhus.i ✷ nireka ✷ nūtanā ✶
nāhus.ı̄ ✶ nireke ✺ nūtna ✸
nikāma ✺ nirn.ij ✶ nūnam ✹✸
nikta ✶ nirmajā ✶ nr. ✶✽✾
nikhāta ✶ nivacana ✶ nr.t ✷
nigū..dha ✶ nivatā ✶ nr.tama ✸✶
nicita ✶ nivara ✶ nr.tamā ✶
nicumpun.a ✶ nivid ✸ nr.ti ✶
nin.ya ✷ nividdha ✶ nr.tu ✽
nitiktā ✶ nivr.tā ✶ nr.mn.a ✶✷
nitya ✷ niveśana ✷ nr.vat ✾
nityam ✶ nivyadh ✶ nr..sāh ✶
nid ✶✶ niśita ✷ netr. ✹
nidāna ✶ nis.aṅgin ✷ nedis..tha ✶
nidhā ✶ nis.atta ✷ nedis..tham ✷
nidhātr. ✶ nis.attā ✶ nedı̄yas ✶
nidhāna ✸ nis.ad ✹ nema ✽
nidhi ✸ nis.adya ✶ nemadhitā ✶
nidhı̄yamāna ✶ nis.kr.ta ✷ neman ✶
ninitsu ✷ nis..tur ✷ nemi ✻
ninditāśva ✶ nis..tya ✷ naicāśākha ✶
ninditr. ✶ nis..thā ✷ nodhas ✷
nipūta ✷ nis.patantı̄ ✶ nau ✻
✶✹✾✹

nyak ✸ padyā ✶ paridhi ✸

nyañc ✶ padvat ✶ paripad ✷
nyartha ✷ panayāyya ✶ paripanthin ✶
nyupta ✶ panas ✶ paripūta ✶
nyr..s.t ✶ panis..tha ✶ pariprı̄tā ✶
nyr..s.ta ✷ panı̄yam .s ✶ paribādh ✶
nyokas ✶ panya ✼ paribhū ✶
pa ✶ panyam .s ✶ pariyatta ✶
pakti ✼ panyas ✶ parivarga ✶
paktha ✷ panyası̄ ✶ parivı̄ta ✶
pakthin ✶ papi ✶ parivr.j ✶
pakva ✶✶ papivant ✶ parivr.t ✶
pakvā ✶ papuri ✷ parivr.ta ✷
paks.a ✷ papr.ks.en.ya ✶ parivr.tā ✷
paks.as ✶ papri ✷ pariśayāna ✸
paks.yā ✶ payas ✶✼ paris.ad ✶
pacata ✷ para ✶✽ paris.ikta ✹
pacatya ✶ paracais ✸ paris.ūta ✶
pacant ✷ param ✶ paris.kr.ta ✷
pacyamāna ✶ parama ✶✵ paris..ti ✸
pajra ✺ paramajyā ✷ paris..thā ✶
pañca ✶✹ paramā ✺ paris..thita ✷
pañcadaśa ✶ paras ✺ paris..thitā ✷
pañcāśat ✸ parā ✷✾ parisikta ✷
pad.gr.bhi ✶ parāka ✶ parihita ✶
pan.i ✶✺ parākāt ✶ parihvr.ti ✶
patatrin ✷ parākāttāt ✶ parı̄n.as ✺
patana ✶ parāke ✶ parı̄n.asā ✷
pati ✶✻✽ parāñc ✹ parı̄n.ah ✶
pattas ✶ parādadi ✶ parus.n.ı̄ ✹
patnı̄ ✶✺ parābhr.ta ✶ pare ✶
patnı̄vant ✶ parāyan.a ✶ paromātra ✶
patvatı̄ ✶ parāyatı̄ ✶ parjanya ✷
patvan ✶ parāvat ✷✼ parn.a ✸
patsutah.śı̄ ✶ parāvr.kta ✶ parn.aya ✷
pathin ✷✺ parāśara ✷ parn.in ✷
pathyā ✹ pari ✷ paryetr. ✶
pad ✶✼ parikrośa ✶ parvata ✺✸
pada ✶✹ parigam ✶ parvan ✶✵
padajñā ✶ parijman ✸ parvaśas ✷
padavı̄ ✶ paritakmyā ✺ parśāna ✷
padı̄ ✶ paritap ✶ parśu ✷
◆♦♥✲✈❡r❜ st❡♠s ✐♥ ❛❧♣❤❛❜❡t✐❝❛❧ ♦r❞❡r ✶✹✾✺

pars.a ✶ pārāvata ✷ pum .s ✷

pars.ani ✶ pārthava ✶ pur ✽✵
palasti ✶ pārthiva ✷✵ pura ✷
palita ✶ pārthiva ✶ puras ✸✶
pavasta ✶ pārya ✶✺ purastāt ✼
pavi ✸ pārśva ✶ purasthātr. ✶
pavitra ✹ pārs.advān.a ✶ purah.prasravan.ā ✶
pavitravant ✶ pāvaka ✸ purā ✷✽
pavı̄rava ✶ pāvan ✻ purān.a ✷
pavı̄ru ✶ pāśin ✶ purān.avat ✷
paśavya ✶ pās.ya ✶ purı̄s.a ✸
paśu ✶✼ pāstya ✶ purı̄s.in ✶
paścā ✶ piṅgā ✶ puru ✷✵✺
paścāt ✽ pin.d.a ✶ purukutsa ✸
paścātāt ✶ pitu ✻ purukutsānı̄ ✶
pasti ✶ pitumat ✶ purutama ✾
pastya ✶ pitr. ✺✹ purutrā ✼
pastyāvat ✶ pitr.tama ✶ purudina ✶
pā ✸✷✸ pitr.vat ✶ puruputrā ✶
pāka ✹ pitryā ✶ purumāya ✸
pākasthāman ✸ pithı̄nas ✶ purumāyya ✶
pājas ✸ pinvamāna ✶ puruvı̄rā ✶
pāñcajanya ✶ pipyus.ı̄ ✽ purus.a ✶
pāñcajanyā ✶ pipru ✶✶ purus.atrā ✶
pān.i ✶ pibdana ✶ purus..tuta ✸
pātama ✻ piyāru ✶ purus.ya ✶
pātalya ✶ piś ✷ puruhanman ✶
pātr. ✻ piśaṅga ✷ purū ✶
pātra ✶✷ piśāci ✶ puroyāvan ✶
pāthas ✶ piśuna ✶ puroyodha ✶
pāda ✼ pı̄ta ✹ puro..dā ✶
pādaka ✶ pı̄ti ✺✸ puro..dāśa ✶✷
pādu ✶ pı̄tha ✶ purbhittama ✶
pāna ✸ pı̄yatnu ✶ purya ✶
pānta ✷ pı̄yu ✷ pus..ta ✸
pāpa ✷ pı̄yūs.a ✸ pus..tāvant ✶
pāpatva ✷ pı̄van ✶ pus..ti ✻
pāpā ✶ putra ✷✽ pus..tigu ✶
pāyu ✸ putraka ✶ pus.ta ✶
pāyya ✶ punar ✶✵ pus.pin.ı̄ ✶
pāra ✶✷ punarbhū ✶ pus.yat ✶
pāratas ✶ punāna ✷ pūjana ✶
✶✹✾✻

pūta ✹ pr.śni ✻ praticaks.an.a ✶

pūtakratu ✶ pr..satı̄ ✷ pratijānant ✶
pūru ✶✶ pr..sadhra ✶ pratidhā ✶
pūrum ✶ pr..s.ta ✶ pratidhı̄yamāna ✶
pūrus.ad ✶ pr..s.tha ✾ pratibhr.ta ✷
pūrn.a ✻ pr..s.thya ✶ pratimāna ✶✸
pūrta ✶ petva ✶ pratirūpa ✶
pūrti ✶ peya ✶✸ pratilubh ✶
pūrva ✸✵ peśas ✷ pratis..tuti ✶
pūrvajā ✶ paijavana ✸ pratis..tha ✶
pūrvathā ✹ popruthat ✶ pratis..thi ✶
pūrvapā ✶ pos.a ✹ pratihitā ✶
pūrvabhāj ✶ pos.as ✶ pratı̄ka ✷
pūrvam ✶ pos.ya ✶ pratı̄cı̄ ✶
pūrvayāvan ✶ paum . sya ✸✺ pratı̄pa ✶
pūrvā ✸ paura ✺ pratūrti ✸
pūrvı̄ ✹✻ paurukutsi ✶ pratna ✷✵
pūrvya ✷✵ paurukutsya ✶ pratnathā ✹
pūrvyam ✻ pt.hu ✶ pratnavat ✷
pūrvyā ✺ pra ✶ pratnā ✷
pūs.an. ✶ prakalavid ✶ pratyañc ✺
pūs.an.vat ✶ prakupita ✶ pratvaks.as ✶
pūs.an.vant ✶ praketa ✸ pratvaks.ān.a ✶
pūs.an ✶✸ prakhāda ✶ prathama ✸✵
pr.ks. ✹ pracetas ✹ prathamam ✶✶
pr.ks.a ✸ pracetuna ✶ prathamā ✹
pr.ch ✶ prajahita ✶ prathas ✶
pr.t ✶✽ prajā ✼ prathiman ✶
pr.tan ✸ prajāvat ✷ prathma ✶
pr.tanā ✹✷ prajāvatı̄ ✷ pradaks.in.it ✷
pr.tanyat ✹ prajāvant ✶ pradiv ✻
pr.tugman ✶ prajñā ✸ pradivas ✽
pr.thak ✺ pran.ı̄ ✶ pradiś ✸
pr.thivi ✷ pran.ı̄ti ✼ pradis..tā ✶
pr.thivı̄ ✾✶ pran.ı̄tı̄ ✶ pradhana ✸
pr.thivı̄ ✷ pran.enı̄ ✶ pradhanyā ✶
pr.thı̄ ✶ pratata ✶ pradhi ✷
pr.thu ✶✻ pratadvasu ✶ pradhū ✶
pr.thvı̄ ✶ pratara ✷ pranapāt ✶
pr.dāku ✶ prataran.a ✷ pranetr. ✺
pr.śanāyu ✶ prataram ✶ prapathin ✷
pr.śanı̄ ✶ pratikāmam ✷ prapathintama ✶
◆♦♥✲✈❡r❜ st❡♠s ✐♥ ❛❧♣❤❛❜❡t✐❝❛❧ ♦r❞❡r ✶✹✾✼

prapaś ✶ pravan.a ✼ prāktāt ✶

prapitva ✾ pravat ✶✺ prācas ✶
prapruth ✶ pravatvatı̄ ✶ prācā ✷
prabrū ✷ pravayas ✶ prācı̄ ✶
prabhaṅga ✶ pravācya ✻ prācı̄na ✷
prabhaṅgin ✶ pravācyā ✶ prācais ✶
prabhañj ✶ praviktā ✶ prāñc ✺
prabhartr. ✷ pravı̄ra ✶ prān.a ✶
prabharman ✸ pravr.t ✶ prātar ✶✵
prabhu ✷ pravr.ddha ✽ prātardani ✶
prabhū ✸ pravr.dhha ✶ prātaryāva ✶
prabhū ✶ pravepanin ✶ prātah.sāva ✶
prabhūti ✶ pravo..dhr. ✶ prān ✶
prabhr.ta ✷ praśardha ✶ prāya ✷
prabhr.tā ✷ praśasta ✺ prāvarga ✶
prabhr.ti ✸ praśasti ✶✶ prāvitr. ✶
prabhr.tha ✶ pras..ti ✶ prāśu ✷
pramaganda ✶ pras..timat ✶ prāsah ✸
pramati ✾ prasaks.in ✸ prāsaha ✶
pramara ✶ prasad ✶ priya ✹✽
pramahas ✶ prasarga ✶ priyamedha ✽
pramāda ✶ prasava ✾ priyā ✹
pramı̄ ✶ prasahāna ✶ prı̄n.āna ✶
pramr. ✶ prasāha ✶ prus. ✹
pramr.n. ✶ prasita ✶ prus.itapsu ✶
pramr.n.a ✶ prasiti ✷ preti ✶
prayaks.atama ✶ prasiti ✶ pretr. ✶
prayajyu ✸ prasū ✸ pres..tha ✷
prayat ✸ prasūta ✶ plāyogi ✶
prayata ✻ prasūtā ✷ psnya ✶
prayati ✷ praskan.va ✸ phala ✶
prayantr. ✹ prastoka ✶ phaliga ✸
prayas ✶✺ prasthita ✹ phena ✸
prayastā ✶ prasravan.a ✸ bat. ✷
prayasvant ✽ prahantr. ✶ baddha ✸
prayu ✶ prahā ✶ badhira ✶
prayuj ✷ prahāvant ✶ badhyamāna ✶
prayuta ✷ prahr. ✶ bandha ✶
prarādhya ✶ prahetr. ✶ bandhu ✸
prarikvan ✶ prahos.in ✶ bandhutā ✶
prareka ✶ prā ✷✶ bandhumant ✶
prarecana ✶ prāk ✸ babhri ✶
✶✹✾✽

babhru ✹ brahmavāhastama ✶ bhı̄ma ✶✷

babhrū ✶ bruvān.a ✶ bhı̄mā ✶
barhan.ā ✽ bha ✾✽ bhı̄ru ✶
barhan.āvat ✷ bhaks.a ✻ bhı̄s.ā ✹
barhas ✺ bhaga ✷✶ bhu ✶
barhis..thā ✶ bhaṅgurāvat ✶ bhuj ✶✹
barhis.mant ✸ bhadra ✸✻ bhujman ✶
barhis ✹✸ bhadrā ✶✸ bhuta ✹
bala ✶✸ bhandanā ✷ bhuran.a ✶
bali ✷ bhaya ✷ bhuran.yu ✶
balbūtha ✶ bhayamāna ✶ bhuri ✷
bahu ✼ bhara ✹✼ bhurij ✶
bahula ✺ bharata ✸ bhurvan.i ✶
bahulā ✸ bharadvāja ✻ bhuvana ✷✾
bahulānta ✶ bharitra ✶ bhū ✷✺✾
ba..dā ✶ bharga ✶ bhūta ✷
bādh ✷✺ bhartr. ✷ bhūti ✶
bādha ✸ bharman ✶ bhūma ✶
bādhita ✸ bhalānas ✶ bhūman ✾
bāhu ✹✼ bhavı̄yas ✶ bhūmi ✶✺
bibhratı̄ ✸ bhavya ✷ bhūyas ✶✷
bila ✷ bhahman ✶ bhūyası̄ ✶
budh ✷✷ bhā ✷ bhūyis..tha ✶
budhāna ✶ bhāga ✶✼ bhūri ✺✽
budhna ✶✵ bhāj ✶ bhūridāvattara ✶
budhya ✶ bhānu ✽ bhūridāvārı̄ ✶
bunda ✸ bhāma ✷ bhūrn.i ✹
busa ✶ bhāmin ✶ bhr.gu ✺
br.bu ✷ bhārata ✷ bhr.t ✷
br.būka ✶ bhāratı̄ ✶ bhr.ti ✸
br.hat ✽✻ bhārman ✶ bhr.tyā ✶
br.hatı̄ ✶✶ bhārvara ✶ bhr.tha ✶
br.haduktha ✶ bhit ✶ bhr.ma ✶
br.hadri ✶ bhid ✹✺ bhr.mi ✷
br.haspati ✶✻ bhid ✶ bhr..s.ti ✺
bekanāt.a ✶ bhindāna ✶ bhr..s.timant ✶
bodhin ✶ bhindu ✶ bhettr. ✶
bradhna ✹ bhinna ✶ bheda ✸
brahman.ı̄ ✶ bhiyas ✶✵ bhoga ✷
brahman.y ✸ bhiyāna ✷ bhoja ✽
brahman.ya ✷ bhı̄ ✷✽ bhojana ✶✼
brahman ✶✺✺ bhı̄ta ✸ bhojas ✸
◆♦♥✲✈❡r❜ st❡♠s ✐♥ ❛❧♣❤❛❜❡t✐❝❛❧ ♦r❞❡r ✶✹✾✾

bhojya ✶ madryañc ✶ manyu ✷✵

bhram . ś ✶ madvan ✷ manyumattama ✶
bhrātr. ✽ madhu ✻✾ manyumi ✶
bhrātra ✷ madhumat ✶✷ mam
. hanā ✷
bhrāśya ✶ madhumattama ✸ mam
. his..tha ✷✶
maks.a ✶ madhya ✶✸ mam
. his..thā ✶
maks.ujavastamā ✶ madhyatas ✹ mayas ✺
maks.ū ✶✺ madhyandina ✷ mayūra ✷
makha ✹ madhyama ✹ marut ✼✶
makhas ✶ madhyamā ✸ marutvat ✹
makhasy ✶ man ✻✸ marutvatı̄ ✹
magha ✹✵ manas ✽✹ marutvant ✹✵
maghatti ✸ manasyu ✶ marutvas ✶
maghavat ✸ manasvant ✶ marka ✶
maghavattama ✶ manā ✺ mard.itr. ✺
maghavattva ✶ manānt ✶ marta ✷✸
maghavan ✷✹✹ manis.a ✶ martā ✶
maghavant ✷ manı̄s.ā ✷✶ martya ✹✼
maghavn ✶ manı̄s.in ✻ martyatrā ✷
maghonı̄ ✼ manu ✷✷ martyatvana ✶
majman ✶✶ manus.ya ✷ marman ✹
man.i ✶ manus.vat ✷ marya ✼
mata ✷ manus ✶✺ maryatas ✶
mati ✹✵ mantu ✶ mah ✾✺
matsya ✶ mantumat ✶ maha ✷✵
math ✶ mantra ✺ mahat ✽✾
mathāy ✶ manthin ✶ mahan ✶✹
mathi ✶ mandat ✶ mahant ✸
mathi ✶ mandant ✶ mahayant ✶
mathin ✶ mandayat ✶ mahas ✷✺
mathra ✶ mandayu ✶ mahānt ✶✶
mad ✶✵✷ mandasāna ✶✾ mahānta ✺
mada ✶✹✾ mandi ✷ mahāpada ✶
madant ✶ mandin ✶✶ mahāmaha ✸
madintama ✸ mandis..tha ✶ mahāyya ✶
madintara ✶ mandu ✶ mahāvadha ✶
madira ✽ mandra ✺ mahāvailastha ✶
madis..tha ✷ mandrā ✹ mahāhastin ✶
madya ✹ mandhātr.vat ✶ mahi ✹✽
madyama ✶ manman ✶✻ mahitva ✽
madrik ✸ manmaśas ✶ mahitvanā ✷
madryak ✷ manyamāna ✷ mahitvā ✽
✶✺✵✵

mahin ✸ māvat ✻ mr.ks.a ✶

mahina ✹ māvant ✶ mr.ga ✶✷
mahiman ✹✵ mās ✹ mr.gaya ✸
mahivr.dh ✶ māsa ✺ mr.tyu ✶
mahis.a ✶✶ māsā ✶ mr.dh ✶✺
mahis.ı̄ ✶ māhina ✼ mr.dhas ✸
mahı̄ ✹✹ māhinavant ✶ mr.dhra ✺
mahı̄yamāna ✶ miks. ✶ mr...dı̄ka ✶
mahemati ✹ mit ✶ medin ✶
mākis ✷ mita ✸ medha ✶✸
mākı̄ ✶ mitra ✹✹ medhā ✸
mākı̄m ✶ mitrin ✶ medhā ✶
māghavan ✶ mitreru ✶ medhira ✺
māghona ✶ mithatı̄ ✸ medhya ✶
mātaribhvarı̄ ✶ mithas ✸ medhyātithi ✺
mātariśvan ✸ mithu ✷ menā ✹
mātr. ✹✸ mithuna ✻ meni ✶
mātr.tamā ✶ mithuna ✶ mes.a ✺
mātra ✶ mithuyā ✶ mehanā ✺
mātrā ✸ min ✷ mehanāvant ✶
mād ✽ mimāna ✶ mogha ✶
māda ✶✵ mimiks.a ✶ mogham ✷
mādana ✷ mimiks.u ✶ mna ✸
mādayis.n.u ✶ miyedha ✶ mraks.a ✷
mādhyam . dina ✶✷ miyedhas ✶ yaka ✶
māna ✼ mih ✾ yaks.u ✷
mānus.a ✶✺ mı̄ ✷✹ yaj ✺✼
mānus.ı̄ ✷ mı̄..dha ✹ yajata ✺
mānus ✷ mı̄d.hvas ✶ yajatra ✼
māndārya ✶ mugdha ✶ yajatrā ✶
mānya ✸ muni ✶ yajas ✶
mānyamāna ✶ mur ✶ yajña ✶✵✸
māmaka ✶ mus.ka ✷ yajñiya ✶✸
māyā ✸✹ mus..ti ✷ yajñiyā ✶
māyāvant ✶ mus..tihan ✶ yajniya ✶
māyāvin ✶ muhu ✶ yajyu ✶
māyāvina ✶ muhuka ✷ yajvan ✹
māyin ✷✶ muhur ✼ yat ✷✸
māyı̄ ✶ muhūrta ✷ yata ✶
māruta ✺ mūra ✹ yatara ✶
mārutı̄ ✶ mūrā ✶ yatasruc ✸
mārd.ı̄ka ✷ mūrdhan ✹ yati ✷
◆♦♥✲✈❡r❜ st❡♠s ✐♥ ❛❧♣❤❛❜❡t✐❝❛❧ ♦r❞❡r ✶✺✵✶

yatı̄ ✸ yāvant ✶ raghu ✹

yathā ✷ yu ✶✾✻ raghudru ✶
yadu ✶✵ yukta ✶✺ raghusyad ✶
yant ✸ yuktā ✶ raghvı̄ ✶
yantr. ✶ yuga ✶✶ rajas ✸✸
yantra ✶ yuj ✾✶ raji ✷
yama ✹ yujā ✶ ran.a ✶✾
yamasū ✶ yujāna ✷ ran.itr. ✶
yamis..tha ✶ yujya ✶✶ ran.ya ✷
yamunā ✶ yuta ✶ ran.va ✸
yayi ✶ yuddha ✶ ratna ✶✵
yava ✶✼ yudh ✻✺ ratha ✶✹✵
yavamat ✷ yudhenya ✶ rathayā ✶
yavamant ✶ yudhma ✾ rathayāvan ✶
yavasa ✶✵ yudhyāmadhi ✶ rathavat ✶
yavı̄yudh ✶ yumant ✶ rathitama ✹
yavyā ✷ yuvati ✸ rathin ✺
yavyāvatı̄ ✶ yuvan ✷✷ rathinı̄ ✶
yaśas ✶✺ yuvāku ✷ rathira ✷
yaśastara ✶ yuvāvat ✶ rathı̄ ✶✺
yaśasvat ✷ yū ✶ rathı̄tama ✶
yahu ✶ yūti ✷ rathı̄tara ✶
yahva ✷ yūtha ✶✵ ratho..dha ✶
yahvan ✶ yūthya ✶ rathya ✻
yahvı̄ ✸ yūn ✶ rada ✶
yā ✶✻✸ yūpa ✶ radantı̄ ✶
yāt ✹ yes. ✶ raddha ✶
yāta ✷ yoktra ✷ radhra ✽
yātu ✶✺ yoga ✼ ranti ✶
yātu ✶ yojana ✸ rantya ✶
yātumat ✶ yoddhr. ✶ randhi ✶
yātumatı̄ ✷ yodha ✺ rapas ✶
yātumant ✶ yodhı̄yam .s ✶ rabhas ✶
yātr. ✸ yoni ✶✽ rabhasa ✸
yātha ✶ yonya ✶ rabhasvat ✶
yād ✸ yoyuvatı̄ ✶ rambha ✶
yādu ✶ yos.an.ā ✹ rambhin ✶
yādva ✸ yos.ā ✽ ram. has ✶
yāna ✶ raks.as ✶✽ ram. hi ✷
yāma ✺ raks.as ✻ ram. hyam ✶
yāman ✶✶ raks.asvin ✶ rayi ✻✼
yāvat ✸ raksas ✶ rayimant ✶
✶✺✵✷

rayim . tama ✶ rı̄ ✶✻ laks.man.ya ✶

rayiyant ✶ rugn.a ✶ lalāmı̄ ✶
rayivat ✷ ruc ✶✺ lāya ✶
rayivas ✶ ruja ✶ loka ✶✸
rarān.a ✶ rujānā ✶ loga ✶
rarāna ✶ rudra ✶✹ lodha ✶
rava ✸ rudriya ✷ lopāśa ✶
ravatha ✶ rudhi ✶ vaktr. ✷
raśmi ✶✸ ruma ✶ vakman ✶
rasa ✹ ruś ✶ vakva ✶
rasa ✷ ruśat ✺ vakvarı̄ ✶
rasavant ✶ ruśama ✼ vakvā ✶
rasin ✷ ruhān.ā ✶ vaks.an.a ✷
rah ✶ rūpa ✷✶ vaks.an.ā ✼
rāj ✶✼ rūpā ✶ vaks.an.i ✶
rājaka ✶ rekn.as ✹ vaks.atha ✶
rājan ✻✺ rejamāna ✶ vaks.as ✶
rājya ✶ ren.u ✻ vagnu ✷
rān.d.rya ✶ retas ✺ vagvana ✶
rāt ✶ rebha ✶ vaṅku ✷
rāta ✼ rerihān.a ✶ vaṅkutara ✶
rātatama ✶ revat ✺ vaṅgr.da ✶
rāti ✹✵ revatı̄ ✷ vacana ✷
rātrı̄ ✶ revan ✹ vacas ✸✹
rādha ✷ revant ✸ vacas ✶
rādhas ✾✻ rai ✾✶ vacasyā ✷
rādhya ✶ rocana ✶✾ vajra ✶✻✵
rāmyā ✶ rocanā ✶ vajravāh ✶
rāśi ✷ rocamāna ✷ vajrin ✼✹
rās..tra ✷ rocis ✶ vajrivat ✷✵
rās..trı̄ ✶ rodas ✻✶ vañc ✷
rāsabha ✶ rodası̄ ✹ vat.ūrin ✷
riktha ✶ rodhana ✷ vatsa ✶✼
rit ✶ rodhas ✸ vad ✶
rip ✷ roman ✶ vadha ✷✼
ripu ✶ romaśa ✶ vadha ✷
ripu ✶ rohan.a ✶ vadhatra ✷
ribh ✷ rohin.ı̄ ✷ vadhanā ✶
riśantı̄ ✶ rohit ✶ vadhar ✶✷
ris. ✶✸ rohita ✹ vadhasna ✶
ris..ta ✶ rauhin.a ✷ vadhumant ✶
rihāna ✶ laks.a ✶ vadhū ✸
◆♦♥✲✈❡r❜ st❡♠s ✐♥ ❛❧♣❤❛❜❡t✐❝❛❧ ♦r❞❡r ✶✺✵✸

vadhūmat ✶ varis..tha ✹ vasumant ✷

vadhūmant ✶ varı̄man ✷ vasūy ✷
vadhūyu ✸ varı̄yas ✺ vasūyā ✶
vadhri ✺ varu ✶ vastu ✽
vana ✷✼ varun.a ✾✼ vastr. ✶
vananva ✶ varūtr. ✹ vastra ✺
vananvatı̄ ✶ varūtrı̄ ✶ vasna ✶
vanas ✾ varūtha ✽ vasnay ✶
vanastama ✶ varen.ya ✶✹ vasyas ✶✷
vanin ✺ varcas ✸ vasyās ✶
vanis..tha ✶ varcin ✸ vasvı̄ ✺
vanı̄van ✶ varn.a ✼ vah ✽✸
vanu ✷ vartani ✻ vahatu ✷
vanus ✼ vartamāna ✸ vahamāna ✶
vantr. ✶ vartamānā ✶ vahis..tha ✹
vandana ✹ vartr. ✸ vahı̄yas ✶
vandhura ✸ vardhana ✶✻ vahni ✶✻
vapā ✶ vardhamāna ✷ vā ✶
vapus..tara ✶ varpas ✾ vāka ✶
vapus.ya ✶ varman ✶ vāghat ✸
vapus ✶✶ varmin ✶ vāc ✸✶
vamra ✷ vars.is..tha ✻ vāja ✶✽✻
vamraka ✶ vars.is..thā ✶ vājavat ✶
vamrı̄ ✶ vars.ı̄yam .s ✶ vājavatı̄ ✶
vam. śa ✶ vars.man ✸ vājavant ✶
vam. saga ✼ vala ✶✻ vājin ✸✽
vayam ✸ vavr.dhenya ✶ vājin ✶
vayas ✸✵ vavra ✹ vājina ✶
vayā ✺ vavra ✶ vājinı̄ ✷
vayuna ✻ vavri ✸ vājinı̄vati ✶
vayunavat ✶ vaśa ✶✺ vājinı̄vant ✶
vayya ✸ vaśin ✹ vājineya ✶
vara ✷✹ vasati ✶ vān.a ✷
varaśikha ✷ vasavya ✺ vān.ı̄ ✾
varas ✸ vasāna ✶ vāta ✷✹
varāha ✹ vasāvı̄ ✶ vātāpya ✶
varāhu ✶ vasis..th.a ✶ vāma ✶✸
vari ✶ vasis..tha ✺ vāmadeva ✶
varimat ✶ vasu ✷✹✼ vāmanı̄ti ✶
variman ✺ vasutti ✶ vāmı̄ ✶
varivas ✶✽ vasutvana ✸ vāyaju ✶
varivasya ✶ vasumati ✶ vāyu ✶✸
✶✺✵✹

vār ✻ vithura ✸ vibhumat ✶

vāra ✶✹ vid ✷✵✽ vibhū ✷
vāran.a ✷ vidat ✹ vibhūta ✶
vārtra ✶ vidatha ✷✼ vibhūti ✻
vārya ✶✵ vidathya ✶ vibhrājant ✶
vārs.āgira ✶ vidāna ✸ vibhvan ✶
vāvāta ✶ vidāyya ✶ vibhvı̄ ✶
vāvātr. ✷ vidu ✶ vimada ✸
vāśı̄ ✶ vidus..tara ✶ vimadā ✶
vāśra ✶ vidyut ✷ vimadhya ✶
vāśrā ✶ vidradha ✶ vimahı̄ ✶
vāsa ✶ vidves.an.a ✶ vimāya ✶
vāsara ✶ vidhartr. ✶ vimuc ✷
vāstu ✶ vidhavā ✶ vimr.dh ✶
vāstva ✶ vidhātr. ✶ vimocana ✻
vāh ✸ vidhāna ✶ vim. śati ✻
vāhas ✷✾ vidhu ✶ viyata ✶
vāhis..tha ✶ vinaś ✶ viyutā ✶
vi ✶✻ vinud ✶ virapśin ✽
vikhāda ✶ vip ✶✻ virapśı̄ ✶
vigada ✶ vipa ✶ virukmant ✷
vigāma ✶ vipaks.as ✶ virūpa ✷
vigra ✶ vipanyu ✸ virūpā ✶
vigrı̄va ✶ vipāna ✶ vivaks.an.a ✹
vighanin ✶ vipāś ✸ vivavri ✶
vicaks.an.a ✷ vipipāna ✸ vivasvat ✻
vicayis..tha ✶ vipra ✻✼ vivasvatı̄ ✶
vicars.an.i ✼ vipratama ✷ vivāc ✽
vicākaśat ✶ viprā ✷ vivici ✶
vicetas ✺ vibādha ✶ vivr.kn.a ✶
vicyutā ✶ vibālya ✶ vivr.tta ✶
vij ✹ vibodhana ✶ vivrata ✼
vijāmātr. ✶ vibhaktr. ✻ viś ✺✵
vijñā ✶ vibhañjanu ✶ viśritā ✶
vijñāya ✶ vibhā ✷ viśruta ✷
vitata ✶ vibhāga ✶ viśva ✸✺✹
vitantasāyya ✹ vibhāvarı̄ ✶ viśvatar ✶
vitara ✶ vibhindant ✶ viśvatas ✶✼
vitaram ✷ vibhindu ✶ viśvadevya ✶
vitarturam ✶ vibhinna ✶ viśvadha ✸
vitasthānā ✶ vibhı̄s.an.a ✶ viśvadhenā ✷
vitvaks.an.a ✶ vibhu ✻ viśvapsu ✶
◆♦♥✲✈❡r❜ st❡♠s ✐♥ ❛❧♣❤❛❜❡t✐❝❛❧ ♦r❞❡r ✶✺✵✺

viśvapsnya ✶ vı̄ravant ✷ vr..satvana ✶

viśvamanas ✶ vı̄ren.ya ✶ vr..san ✸✵✺
viśvamanus ✶ vı̄rya ✺✹ vr..san ✷
viśvamānus.a ✶ vı̄..dita ✸ vr..sana ✹
viśvahā ✷ vı̄..du ✶✷ vr..santama ✺
viśvā ✹✼ vr.ka ✹ vr..sandhi ✶
viśvāmitra ✷ vr.kati ✶ vr..sanvant ✶
viśvāhā ✺ vr.kayu ✶ vr..sāya ✷
vis.ahya ✶ vr.kta ✼ vr..s.ti ✽
vis.ān.in ✶ vr.kti ✶ vr..s.timant ✶
vis.ita ✶ vr.ks.a ✶✶ vr..sn.i ✾
vis.itā ✶ vr.cayā ✶ vr..sn.ı̄ ✶
vis.u ✶✵ vr.cı̄vat ✸ vr..sn.ya ✶✷
vis.un.a ✷ vr.j ✷✾ vr..sn.yavant ✶
vis.un.ak ✶ vr.jana ✷✵ vetasu ✸
vis.une ✶ vr.janā ✶ vedan ✶
vis.ūcı̄ ✸ vr.jina ✺ vedana ✹
vis.ūvat ✶ vr.jina ✶ vedas ✶✹
vis..ta ✶ vr.jinay ✶ vedi ✷
vis..tap ✹ vr.n.āna ✶ vedis..tha ✶
vis..tapa ✶ vr.t ✹✾ vedı̄yas ✶
vis..tir ✶ vr.ta ✼ vedyā ✷
vis..thita ✶ vr.ti ✶ vedhas ✶✹
vis.n.u ✷✻ vr.tta ✸ vena ✻
vis.pardhas ✶ vr.tra ✸✵✵ venya ✸
vis.vak ✶ vr.tratara ✶ vepayant ✶
vis.vadryak ✶ vr.trsa ✶ vepas ✷
visr.t ✶ vr.thā ✹ vepı̄ ✶
visr..s.ta ✶ vr.ddha ✶✺ veśa ✶
vihantr. ✶ vr.ddhi ✶ veśı̄ ✶
vihavya ✷ vr.dh ✶✼✾ veśya ✶
vihāyas ✶ vr.dh ✷ vaikarn.a ✶
vihruta ✶ vr.dha ✷✹ vaidathina ✷
vı̄ ✷✹ vr.dhā ✶ vaiyaśva ✶
vı̄d.u ✶ vr.dhāna ✶ vailasthāna ✶
vı̄ta ✹ vr.dhı̄ka ✶ vailasthānaka ✶
vı̄ti ✶✵ vr.vat ✶ vo..dhr. ✶
vı̄ra ✼✹ vr..sa ✶ vyacas ✾
vı̄raka ✶ vr..san.a ✶✺ vyacasvant ✷
vı̄ratama ✶ vr..san.vatı̄ ✶ vyañc ✶
vı̄ratara ✶ vr..san.vant ✶ vyañjana ✶
vı̄ravat ✷ vr..satva ✶ vyati ✸
✶✺✵✻

vyathamānā ✶ śatavat ✷ śarman ✷✻

vyathis ✷ śatavan ✶ śaryan.āvat ✸
vyanant ✶ śatā ✶ śavas ✶✶✹
vyam . sa ✻ śatānı̄kā ✷ śavasāna ✾
vyaśva ✷ śatin ✸ śavasāvant ✶
vyaśvavat ✶ śatri ✶ śavasin ✶
vyasta ✶ śatru ✺✽ śavası̄ ✷
vyāna ✶ śatrutva ✶ śavis..tha ✸✶
vyus. ✶ śatruy ✶ śavı̄rā ✶
vyus..ti ✹ śad ✶ śaśa ✶
vyenas ✶ śana ✷ śaśamāna ✶✵
vyodana ✶ śanaka ✶ śaśaya ✶
vyoman ✺ śapha ✷ śaśı̄yām
.s ✶
vraja ✷✻ śaphavat ✶ śaśvat ✷✵
vrata ✷✸ śam ✶✶ śaśvatı̄ ✺
vratati ✶ śama ✷ śaśvattamam ✷
vrandin ✷ śami ✶ śaśvadhā ✶
vrā ✷ śamı̄ ✹ śaśvant ✶
vrāja ✶ śam. tama ✻ śasana ✶
vrān.ā ✶ śamba ✶ śasta ✸
vrāta ✷ śambara ✶✼ śāka ✾
vrādhant ✺ śambhu ✶ śākin ✺
śakun.a ✶ śamyā ✶ śākina ✶
śakti ✼ śam. sa ✶✾ śākman ✶
śaktı̄vas ✶ śam. sant ✷ śākhā ✶
śakra ✹✶ śam. sin ✶ śāci ✷
śagma ✹ śam. sya ✾ śāpa ✷
śagmya ✶ śayatha ✷ śāmbara ✷
śacis..tha ✷ śayu ✶ śāradı̄ ✸
śacis..thā ✶ śara ✷ śāryāta ✷
śacı̄ ✹✶ śara ✶ śāśvasat ✷
śacı̄vat ✶✺ śaran.a ✺ śāsa ✹
śan.d.ika ✶ śarad ✶✶ śāstra ✶
śata ✶✹✸ śarabha ✶ śi ✸
śatagvin ✶ śarı̄ra ✹ śiks.ā ✶
śatatama ✶ śaru ✼ śiks.u ✶
śatatamā ✶ śarumant ✶ śigru ✶
śatadura ✷ śardha ✹ śita ✶
śatadhanya ✶ śardhat ✶ śitā ✶
śatabradhna ✶ śardhant ✷ śiti ✶
śatamagha ✷ śardhas ✽ śipra ✸
śatayātu ✶ śardhin ✶ śipravant ✶
◆♦♥✲✈❡r❜ st❡♠s ✐♥ ❛❧♣❤❛❜❡t✐❝❛❧ ♦r❞❡r ✶✺✵✼

śiprā ✻ śuś ✶ śyāvı̄ ✶

śiprin.ı̄vant ✶ śuśukvana ✶ śyeta ✶
śiprin ✶✸ śuśukvant ✶ śyena ✷✸
śiphā ✶ śus.ka ✷ śrat ✾
śimı̄vant ✺ śus.n.a ✸✽ śraddhāmanasyā ✶
śimbala ✶ śus.ma ✹✾ śraddhita ✶
śimyu ✷ śus.min ✶✷ śravayat ✶
śim . śapā ✶ śus.mintama ✹ śravas ✺✽
śiras ✶✼ śūna ✷ śravasya ✺
śirsan. ✶ śūra ✶✹✵ śravasyā ✺
śiva ✶✶ śūrta ✶ śravāyya ✺
śivatama ✷ śūs.a ✶✵ śrā ✶
śiśaya ✶ śūs.ya ✷ śrāta ✹
śiśu ✷ śr.ṅga ✸ śrita ✶
śiśumant ✶ śr.ṅgavr..s ✶ śrı̄ ✷✷
śiśna ✸ śr.ṅgin ✷ śrı̄ta ✸
śiśnatha ✶ śr.ta ✷ śrut ✻
śis..ta ✶ śr.dhyā ✶ śruta ✸✻
śı̄bham ✷ śepa ✶ śrutakaks.a ✶
śı̄rs.an ✶✷ śepya ✶ śrutarvan ✶
śu ✺ śeva ✶ śruti ✶
śukra ✶✹ śevadhi ✷ śrutya ✽
śukrapūta ✶ śevāra ✶ śrus..ti ✼
śucamāna ✶ śevr.dha ✶ śrus..tigu ✶
śuci ✾ śes.as ✷ śrus..tı̄ ✶
śuci ✺ śoka ✶ śreyās ✶
śuj ✶ śokas ✶ śres..tha ✺
śutudrı̄ ✶ śocis ✹ śro ✷
śuddha ✶✸ śon.a ✸ śron.a ✶
śuddhā ✶ śobhana ✶ śrotr. ✸
śuna ✶ śobhis..tha ✶ śrona ✷
śunam ✶✺ śauradevya ✶ śromata ✶
śunahotra ✶ ścandra ✸ śloka ✼
śundhyu ✸ ścut ✻ ślokin ✶
śupti ✶ śnathana ✶ śvaghnin ✺
śubh ✶✶ śnathitr. ✶ śvan ✸
śubha ✶ śmaśāru ✷ śvaśura ✶
śubhra ✻ śmaśru ✹ śvas ✼
śubhrā ✷ śyāva ✶ śvasatha ✶
śubhri ✽ śyāvaka ✷ śvasana ✶
śurudh ✹ śyāvā ✶ śvātra ✷
śulka ✷ śyāvāśva ✸ śvātrya ✶
✶✺✵✽

śvātryā ✶ satı̄na ✷ sanāt ✶✸

śvitna ✶ satta ✶ sanābhi ✶
śvitnya ✶ satya ✻✼ sanāmāna ✶
śvityañc ✶ satyatāt ✶ sanāyu ✶
śvitrya ✶ satyam ✸ sani ✾
śveta ✷ satyā ✹ sanitu ✶
śvaitreya ✶ satyena ✶ sanitr. ✶✸
.sat. ✸ satrā ✹✸ sanitva ✶
.sas. ✺ satrāc ✶ sanis..thā ✶
.sas..ti ✺ satrācı̄ ✶ sanis.yu ✹
.sas.ti ✹ satrās.āh ✶ sanı̄..da ✸
sakr.t ✷ satrāha ✶ sanı̄..dā ✷
sakr.tsū ✶ satrāhan ✶ sanutar ✸
sakmya ✶ satvan ✷✸ sanutya ✶
sakratu ✶ satvana ✶ sanemi ✷
saks. ✶ sad ✸✾ sanyas ✷
saks.an.i ✸ sadana ✷✵ sap ✹
saks.it ✶ sadam ✷ saparyu ✷
sakhi ✶✹✼ sadas ✾ sapitvam ✶
sakhitva ✹ sadā ✸✷ sapı̄ti ✶
sakhitvana ✶ sadāsā ✽ sapta ✹✶
sakhiy ✶ sadivas ✶ saptagu ✶
sakhı̄y ✸ sadr.śı̄ ✸ saptati ✷
sakhı̄yat ✶ sadman ✶✶ saptatha ✶
sakhya ✻✹ sadyas ✸✸ sapti ✼
sagan.a ✺ sadha ✷✻ saptivant ✶
sagara ✶ sadhanı̄ ✶ sapratha ✶
sac ✹✷ sadhamādya ✼ saprathas ✺
sacana ✶ sadhastuti ✸ sabar ✷
sacā ✺✵ sadhrı̄ ✶ sabala ✶
sacāna ✶ sadhrı̄cı̄ ✹ sabādhas ✻
sacābhū ✷ sadhrı̄cı̄na ✹ sabhā ✷
sacetas ✹ sadhryak ✻ sam ✶
sajāta ✷ sadhryañc ✶ sama ✶✼
sajitvan ✷ san ✻✺ samad ✸✵
sajūr ✸ sana ✾ samadana ✶
sajos.a ✹ sanaka ✶ samadvan ✷
sajos.as ✶✷ sanajā ✷ samana ✸
sat ✹✷ sanat ✶ samanā ✹
satas ✺ sanavitta ✶ samanyu ✶
sati ✶ sanaśruta ✶ samayā ✶
satı̄ ✻ sanā ✶✷ samara ✶
◆♦♥✲✈❡r❜ st❡♠s ✐♥ ❛❧♣❤❛❜❡t✐❝❛❧ ♦r❞❡r ✶✺✵✾

samaran.a ✺ sam
. jit ✶✹ sayuj ✶
samarya ✼ sam
. tarām ✶ sara ✾
samasmin ✶ sam
. tasthāna ✶ saratha ✷
samaha ✶ sam
. dih ✶ saratham ✷
samāna ✶✽ sam
. dr.ś ✸ saramā ✸
samānam ✶ sam
. dhātr. ✶ sarayu ✶
samānā ✶ sam
. dhi ✶ saras ✼
samānı̄ ✶ sam
. naddha ✶ sarasvatı̄ ✺
samāśir ✶ sam
. paś ✶ sarasvatı̄vat ✶
samita ✶ sampāran.a ✶ sarūpa ✸
samitha ✻ sampis..ta ✶ sarga ✶✵
samiddha ✹ sampr.kta ✶ sarñjaya ✶
samidhāna ✷ sambādha ✶ sarpis ✶
samis. ✶ sambhara ✶ sarma ✶
samı̄ka ✺ sambharan.a ✶ sarva ✶✺
samı̄cı̄ ✶ sambhr.ta ✶✶ sarvatātā ✷
samı̄cı̄na ✸ sam
. bhr.ta ✶ sarvarathā ✷
samı̄jamāna ✶ sambhr.tāśva ✶ sarvā ✶
samı̄dha ✶ sammiśla ✸ salalūka ✶
samuks.ita ✶ samyañc ✺ sava ✷
samudra ✹✷ sam
. yat ✹ savana ✻✻
samudriya ✷ sam
. rarān.a ✶ savayas ✶
samudriyā ✶ samrāj ✶✷ savitr. ✶✵
samr.ta ✷ sam
. rihāna ✶ savya ✻
samr.ti ✸ sam
. vanana ✶ savyatas ✶
samokas ✷ sam
. varan.a ✷ savyā ✶
samoha ✶ sam
. varga ✶ saścat ✶
samoham ✶ sam
. varta ✶ sasa ✶
sam
. krandana ✷ sam
. vavr.tvat ✶ sasarparı̄ ✷
sam
. krośamānā ✶ sam
. vivye ✷ sasahi ✸
sam
. ga ✷ sam
. vr.j ✶ sasr.māna ✶
sam
. gata ✶ sam
. vr.ta ✶ sasthāvan ✶
sam
. gatha ✶ sam
. śiśvarı̄ ✶ sasni ✺
sam
. gama ✸ sam
. sad ✸ sasyat ✶
sam
. gir ✶ sam
. sr..s.ta ✶ sasri ✶
sam
. gr.bhı̄tā ✶ sam
. skr.ta ✶ sasrut ✶
sam
. gr.bhı̄tr. ✶ sam
. skr.tatra ✶ sasvar ✶
sam
. cakāna ✶ sam
. stha ✸ sah ✼✸
sam
. caran.a ✶ sam
. sras..t.r ✶ saha ✻
sam
. caranı̄ ✶ sam
. hita ✶ sahajānus.a ✶
sam
. carantı̄ ✶ sayāvan ✹ sahadānu ✶
sam
. caren.ya ✶ sayāvarı̄ ✶ sahadeva ✶
✶✺✶✵

sahamūlam ✶ sāna ✷ sukr.tā ✷

sahavatsā ✶ sānasi ✹ sukr.ttara ✶
sahavan ✷ sānu ✶✷ sukr.tyā ✷
sahas ✻✷ sānus.ak ✶ sukr.tvan ✷
sahasā ✷ sāp ✶ sukratu ✶✻
sahasāna ✶ sāpta ✷ suks.atra ✷
sahasāvant ✶ sāpya ✷ suks.aya ✶
sahastama ✶ sāman ✶✵ suks.iti ✷
sahasya ✶ sāmanā ✶ sukha ✸
sahasra ✾✺ sāmvaran.i ✶ sukhatama ✶
sahasradātama ✶ sāyaka ✺ suga ✼
sahasradhārā ✷ sāyam ✶ suga ✶
sahasrapos.ya ✶ sāra ✶ sugavya ✶
sahasram ✷ sāragha ✶ sugopā ✷
sahasravat ✶ sārathi ✹ sugmya ✶
sahasraśas ✶ sālāvr.ka ✶ sugrathita ✶
sahasrā ✹ sāva ✸ sughna ✶
sahasrin.ı̄ ✸ sāvin ✶ sucakra ✶
sahasrin ✾ sāsahāna ✶ sujāta ✶
sahasvat ✷ sāsahi ✽ sujyotis ✶
sahasvant ✷ sāh ✷ sut ✸
sahāvan ✷ sāhya ✾ suta ✷✺✸
sahis..tha ✶ sikta ✶ sutapāvan ✸
sahı̄yas ✶ sic ✷✶ sutaran.a ✶
sahuri ✹ sidhma ✶ sutarā ✶
sahūti ✷ sidhra ✶ sutāvant ✶✵
sahya ✶ sina ✸ suti ✸
sā ✸ sindhu ✻✸ sutı̄rtha ✶
sākam ✷✸ sima ✷ sutuka ✸
sākhya ✶ simā ✶ sutukā ✶
sāc ✹ sim. ha ✸ sutrāta ✶
sāca ✶ simha ✶ sutrāman ✹
sāta ✷ sim. hyı̄ ✶ sutvan ✶
sātama ✺ sirā ✶ sudaks.a ✺
sāti ✽✾ siv ✶ sudaks.in.a ✶
sādana ✸ sis.āsu ✶ sudaks.in ✶
sādhana ✶ sı̄rā ✹ sudam . sas ✸
sādhāran.a ✶ su ✶✸✺ sudā ✶
sādhārana ✶ sukara ✶ sudātu ✶
sādhis..tha ✷ sukı̄rti ✶ sudānu ✻
sādhu ✹ sukr.t ✺ sudāman ✷
sādhuyā ✶ sukr.ta ✼ sudās ✷✵
◆♦♥✲✈❡r❜ st❡♠s ✐♥ ❛❧♣❤❛❜❡t✐❝❛❧ ♦r❞❡r ✶✺✶✶

sudina ✷ subhagatva ✶ suvijñāna ✶

sudinatva ✶ subhagā ✸ suvita ✽
sudı̄ti ✶ subhadra ✶ suvidvam .s ✶
sudughā ✾ subhū ✸ suvivr.ta ✶
sudr.ś ✶ subhr.ta ✶ suvı̄ra ✶✼
sudr.śı̄ ✶ sumakha ✸ suvı̄rā ✸
sudr.śı̄ka ✶ sumat ✷ suvı̄rya ✶✺
sudeva ✷ sumati ✷✽ suvr.kti ✶✼
sudru ✷ sumadamśu ✶ suvr.dh ✶
sudhana ✶ sumanas ✺ suveda ✷
sudhita ✹ sumantu ✷ suvedanā ✶
sudhı̄ ✷ sumaya ✶ suśakti ✶
sudhur ✶ sumita ✶ suśamı̄ ✶
sudhura ✷ sumitra ✶ suśasti ✶
suniraja ✶ sumr...dı̄ka ✸ suśipra ✶✼
sunı̄ti ✶ sumeka ✶ suśis..ti ✶
sunı̄tı̄ ✶ sumedhas ✷ suśeva ✶
sunı̄tha ✸ sumna ✷✽ suśravas ✷
sunvat ✶ suyajña ✷ suśravastama ✹
sunvant ✶ suyata ✶ suśravasyā ✶
supatnı̄ ✶ suyama ✶ suśrāta ✶
supatha ✶ suyavasa ✷ suśrun.a ✶
supathin ✶ suyavasyu ✶ suśrut ✶
supadı̄ ✶ suyukta ✶ suśruta ✶
suparn.a ✺ suyuj ✺ sus.akhi ✶
suparn.a ✷ suran.a ✶ sus.avya ✶
supalāśa ✶ suran.ā ✶ sus.aha ✷
supān.i ✷ suratna ✷ sus.ā ✶
supāra ✾ suratha ✷ sus.āman ✶
supūrn.a ✶ surabhi ✶ sus.irā ✶
supūrn.ā ✶ surā ✷ sus.uta ✽
supeśas ✹ surādhas ✾ sus.upān.a ✶
supeśās ✶ surādhasa ✶ sus.umna ✶
supratı̄ka ✶ surāma ✷ sus.omā ✶
suprapāna ✶ suruc ✷ sus..tu ✶
suprayas ✶ surūpa ✷ sus..tuta ✺
supravācana ✶ suretas ✶ sus..tutā ✶
suprāvı̄ ✷ suvacasyā ✶ sus..tuti ✶✽
suprāvya ✷ suvajra ✻ sus..tubh ✶
subāhu ✶ suvahman ✶ sus..thāman ✶
subrahman ✶ suvācas ✶ sus.vi ✼
subhaga ✹ suvāna ✹ sus.vitara ✶
✶✺✶✷

susanitr. ✶ somya ✷✵ sthāna ✷

susam . dr.ś ✶ saubhaga ✺ sthira ✷✵
susampis..ta ✶ saumanasa ✻ sthivimant ✶
susammr..s.ta ✶ saumya ✶ sthūn.ā ✶
susam . skr.ta ✶ sauvaśvya ✷ sthūra ✽
suhana ✸ sauśravasa ✷ sthūri ✶
suhantu ✷ skandha ✶ snā ✷
suhava ✽ skabhı̄yas ✶ snu ✻
suhārd ✶ skambha ✶ snehitı̄ ✶
sū ✻ skambhana ✹ spandana ✶
sūkta ✷ stana ✶ spardhamāna ✶
sūta ✶ stanayat ✶ spaś ✹
sūdadohas ✶ stabhuyamāna ✶ spārha ✼
sūnaram ✶ starı̄ ✸ spārhā ✶
sūnu ✶✷ stava ✶ spr.t ✹
sūnr.ta ✷ stavan ✸ spr.dh ✶✽
sūnr.tā ✶✶ stavāna ✺ spr.ś ✻
sūnr.tāvat ✷ stātr. ✶ spr.h ✹
sūr ✷ stāmu ✶ spr.hayāyya ✶
sūra ✶✻ sti ✷ sphigı̄ ✷
sūri ✸✸ stiyā ✶ sphira ✶
sūrmı̄ ✶ stı̄rn.a ✹ smat ✶
sūrya ✶✵✼ stut ✶ smatpuram . dhi ✶
sr.ka ✷ stuta ✹✻ smadibha ✶
sr.jāna ✸ stuti ✹ smaddis..ti ✶
sr.ñjaya ✶ stubh ✺ syad ✶
sr.n.ya ✶ stuvat ✶ syant ✶
sr.pra ✶ stuvant ✷ syandamānā ✶
sr.binda ✶ stus.eyya ✶ syandra ✶
sr..s.ta ✶ str.n.āna ✶ syāla ✶
seka ✷ stena ✷ syūman ✶
sektr. ✶ steya ✶ syūmanyu ✶
setr. ✶ stotr. ✹✸ syūmaraśmi ✶
sena ✶ stotra ✼ syona ✶
senā ✶✷ stoma ✽✷ srakti ✷
senya ✷ stomya ✸ sravat ✸
sotr. ✼ staulā ✶ sravantı̄ ✹
sotva ✶ strı̄ ✻ sridh ✸
soma ✹✹✻ stha ✶✷ sriv ✶
somapr..s.tha ✶ sthavira ✶✶ sruc ✶
somavatı̄ ✶ sthā ✾✼ sruti ✹
somin ✶✷ sthātr. ✺ sruva ✷
◆♦♥✲✈❡r❜ st❡♠s ✐♥ ❛❧♣❤❛❜❡t✐❝❛❧ ♦r❞❡r ✶✺✶✸

srotas ✶ svaru ✶ hatā ✷

srotyā ✷ svarocis ✶ hati ✶✷
sva ✺✶ svarn.ara ✹ hatya ✶✾
svaks.atra ✸ svarmı̄..dha ✹ hatyā ✶
svagūrta ✷ svarya ✼ hatha ✹
svaṅga ✶ svarvat ✹ han ✸✹✶
svajā ✶ svarvatı̄ ✹ hanis..tha ✶
svañcas ✶ svarvant ✸ hanis.yant ✶
svatavas ✷ svavas ✻ hanu ✺
svadāvan ✶ svavr.j ✶ hantama ✶✺
svadhā ✶✻ svaśva ✺ hantu ✶
svadhāvat ✷ svaśvayu ✶ hantr. ✾
svadhāvan ✶ svaśvya ✷ hantva ✶
svadhāvant ✹ svas..tra ✶ hanman ✺
svadhāvam .s ✺ svasara ✶ hanman ✶
svadhainava ✶ svasāra ✶ ham. sa ✶
svadhvara ✷ svasr. ✺ hari ✷✵✹
svana ✸ svasti ✸✺ harit ✻
svanadratha ✶ svastimat ✶ harita ✼
svani ✸ svā ✽ haritvat ✶
svapati ✷ svātata ✶ harin ✷
svapatya ✸ svādis..tha ✶ harimanyu ✶
svapas ✷ svādis..thā ✶ hariyūpı̄yā ✶
svapastama ✷ svādı̄yam .s ✶ hariyojana ✶
svapasy ✶ svādı̄yas ✶ harivant ✹✻
svapasyā ✷ svādu ✶✶ harı̄ ✶
svapna ✷ svādman ✹ harmya ✸
svabdin ✶ svādvı̄ ✶ haryat ✷
svabhānu ✶ svādhı̄ ✷ haryata ✶✾
svabhis..ti ✹ svāna ✶ hars.umant ✶
svabhı̄śu ✷ svāpi ✸ hars.yā ✷
svabhūti ✶ svābhū ✶ hava ✹✼
svayam ✾ svāyudha ✷ havana ✶✶
svayaśas ✶ svāra ✶ havamāna ✷
svayaśastara ✶ svāśita ✶ havamānā ✶
svayu ✶ svāśis.a ✶ havis.matı̄ ✷
svayuj ✶ svāhā ✺ havis.mant ✼
svar ✻✸ svidhma ✶ havis ✶✽
svara ✶ sveda ✶ havı̄man ✸
svarāj ✶✷ sveduhavya ✷ havya ✹✺
svarājya ✷✵ svojas ✸ havyā ✷
svari ✶ hata ✺ haskr.ti ✶
✶✺✶✹

hasta ✸✾ hiran.yayā ✷ hes.as ✶

hastā ✶ hiran.yayı̄ ✷ he..da ✶
hasti ✶ hiran.yavat ✹ hotr. ✶✼
hastin ✷ hiranya ✶ hotra ✶
hastya ✶ hiri ✶ hotrā ✺
hāriyojana ✷ hirı̄mant ✶ hotrā ✶
hās ✷ hirı̄maśa ✶ hotriya ✶
hi ✷✼ hı̄..dita ✶ homan ✶
hita ✷✻ huvāna ✶ hos.in ✶
hitā ✷ hūta ✻✼ hyas ✸
hiti ✶ hūti ✶✷ hrada ✹
hinva ✶ hr.n.āy ✶ hrāduni ✶
hima ✶ hr.d ✷✵ hvara ✶
himā ✷ hr.dya ✶ hvr. ✷
hiran.in ✶ hr..sita ✶
hiran.ya ✶✸ heti ✽
hiran.yaya ✶✺ hetr. ✶
❇✐❜❧✐♦❣r❛♣❤②
❬❆✉r♦❜✐♥❞♦✱ ✶✾✾✽❪ ❆✉r♦❜✐♥❞♦✱ ❙✳ ✭✶✾✾✽✮✳ ❚❤❡ ❙❡❝r❡t ♦❢ t❤❡ ❱❡❞❛ ✳
❙r✐ ❆✉r♦❜✐♥❞♦ ❆s❤r❛♠ ❚r✉st✱ P♦♥❞✐❝❤❡rr②✳

❬❈❛rr✐✱ ✷✵✵✵❪ ❈❛rr✐✱ ❙✳ ❏✳ ✭✷✵✵✵✮✳ ●❛✈❡s

✳ ❛♥
✳ ❛♠✿ ❖r ♦♥ t❤❡ ❚r❛❝❦
♦❢ t❤❡ ❈♦✇ ❛♥❞ ✐♥ ❙❡❛r❝❤ ♦❢ t❤❡ ▼②st❡r✐♦✉s ❲♦r❧❞ ❛♥❞
✐♥ ❙❡❛r❝❤ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❍✐❞❞❡♥ ▲✐❣❤t✳ ❇❡✐trä❣❡ ③✉r ❑❡♥♥t♥✐s
sü❞❛s✐❛t✐s❝❤❡r ❙♣r❛❝❤❡♥ ✉♥❞ ▲✐t❡r❛t✉r❡♥✳ ❖tt♦ ❍❛rr❛s✲
s♦✇✐t③✳

❬❋❛❧❦✱ ✶✾✾✼❪ ❋❛❧❦✱ ❍✳ ✭✶✾✾✼✮✳ ❚❤❡ ♣✉r♣♦s❡ ♦❢ r✐❣✈❡❞✐❝ r✐t✉❛❧✳ ■♥

■♥s✐❞❡ t❤❡ ❚❡①ts✱ ❇❡②♦♥❞ t❤❡ ❚❡①ts✳✱ ✈♦❧✉♠❡ ✷ ♦❢ ❍❛r✲
✈❛r❞ ❖r✐❡♥t❛❧ ❙❡r✐❡s✱ ❖♣❡r❛ ▼✐♥♦r❛✱ ♣❛❣❡s ✻✾✕✽✽✳ ❈❛♠✲
❜r✐❞❣❡✳

❬●❡❧❞♥❡r✱ ✷✵✵✸❪ ●❡❧❞♥❡r✱ ❑✳ ✭✷✵✵✸✮✳ ❉❡r ❘✐❣✲❱❡❞❛✱ ❆✉s ❞❡♠ ❙❛♥✲

s❦r✐t ✐♥s ❉❡✉ts❝❤❡ Ü❜❡rs❡t③ ✉♥❞ ♠✐t ❡✐♥❡♠ ❧❛✉❢❡♥❞❡♥
❑♦♠♠❡♥t❛r ✈❡rs❡❤❡♥ ✈♦♥ ❑❛r❧ ❋r✐❡❞r✐❝❤ ●❡❧❞♥❡r ✱ ✈♦❧✲
✉♠❡ ✻✸ ♦❢ ❍❛r✈❛r❞ ❖r✐❡♥t❛❧ ❙❡r✐❡s✳ ❍❛r✈❛r❞ ❯♥✐✈❡rs✐t②
❉❡♣❛rt♠❡♥t ♦❢ ❙❛♥s❦r✐t ❛♥❞ ■♥❞✐❛♥ ❙t✉❞✐❡s✳

❬●♦♥❞❛✱ ✶✾✺✾❪ ●♦♥❞❛✱ ❏✳ ✭✶✾✺✾✮✳ ❋♦✉r ❙t✉❞✐❡s ✐♥ t❤❡ ▲❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ ♦❢

t❤❡ ❱❡❞❛✱ ❝❤❛♣t❡r ❚❤❡ ✬❖r✐❣✐♥❛❧✬ ❙❡♥s❡ ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ❊t❤②✲
♠♦❧♦❣② ♦❢ ❙❦t✳ ♠✠
❛②✠
❛✱ ♣❛❣❡s ✶✶✾✕✶✾✹✳ ▼♦✉t♦♥ ✫ ❈♦✳

❬●♦♥❞❛✱ ✶✾✼✸❪ ●♦♥❞❛✱ ❏✳ ✭✶✾✼✸✮✳ ▼✐tr❛ ❛♥❞ ♠✐tr❛ t❤❡ ✐❞❡❛ ♦❢ ✧❢r✐❡♥✲
s❤✐♣✧ ✐♥ ❛♥❝✐❡♥t ✐♥❞✐❛✳ ■♥❞♦❧♦❣✐❝❛ ❚❛✉r✐♥❡♥s✐❛✱ ■✿ ♣❛❣❡s
✼✶✕✶✵✼✳

❬●♦♥❞❛✱ ✶✾✼✺❛❪ ●♦♥❞❛✱ ❏✳ ✭✶✾✼✺❛✮✳ ❙❡❧❡❝t❡❞ ❙t✉❞✐❡s✱ ✈♦❧✲

✉♠❡ ■■✱ ❝❤❛♣t❡r ❆❞❤❛✈❛r❛ ❛♥❞ ❛❞❤✈❛r②✉✱ ♣❛❣❡s ✽✻✕✶✵✵✳
❊✳❏✳❇r✐❧❧✳

✶✺✶✺
✶✺✶✻ ❇✐❜❧✐♦❣r❛♣❤②
❬●♦♥❞❛✱ ✶✾✼✺❜❪ ●♦♥❞❛✱ ❏✳ ✭✶✾✼✺❜✮✳ ❙❡❧❡❝t❡❞ ❙t✉❞✐❡s✱ ✈♦❧✉♠❡ ■■✱
❝❤❛♣t❡r ❚❤❡ ♠❡❛♥✐♥❣ ♦❢ ❱❡❞✐❝ ❦✠❛r✉✳✱ ♣❛❣❡s ✷✽✼✕✷✾✻✳
❊✳❏✳❇r✐❧❧✳

❬●♦♥❞❛✱ ✶✾✼✺❝❪ ●♦♥❞❛✱ ❏✳ ✭✶✾✼✺❝✮✳ ❙❡❧❡❝t❡❞ ❙t✉❞✐❡s✱ ✈♦❧✉♠❡ ■■✱

❝❤❛♣t❡r ❇❤✉✈❛♥❛✲✱ ♣❛❣❡s ✹✸✹✕✹✹✾✳ ❊✳❏✳❇r✐❧❧✳

❬●♦♥❞❛✱ ✶✾✽✹❪ ●♦♥❞❛✱ ❏✳ ✭✶✾✽✹✮✳ ❚❤❡ ❱✐s✐♦♥ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❱❡❞✐❝ P♦❡ts✳

▼✉♥s❤✐r❛♠ ▼❛♥♦❤❛r❧❛❧ P✉❜❧✐s❤❡rs✳

❬●r✐✣t❤✱ ✶✽✾✻❪ ●r✐✣t❤✱ ❘✳ ❚✳ ✭✶✽✾✻✮✳ ❚❤❡ ❘✐❣ ❱❡❞❛✳

❬❍✐❧❧❡❜r❛♥❞t✱ ✶✾✾✵❪ ❍✐❧❧❡❜r❛♥❞t✱ ❆✳ ✭✶✾✾✵✮✳ ❱❡❞✐❝ ▼②t❤♦❧♦❣②✱ ✈♦❧✲

✉♠❡ ■✳ ▼♦t✐❧❛❧ ❇❛♥❛rs✐❞❛ss P✉❜❧✐s❤❡rs✳

❬❍✉❧✐♥✱ ✶✾✽✸❪ ❍✉❧✐♥✱ ▼✳ ✭✶✾✽✸✮✳ ❙✉r ❧❛ ❝❤✉t❡ ❡♥ ♠♦♥t❛❣♥❡✳ ❊tr❡✱

♣❛❣❡s ✷✼✕✹✵✳

❬❏❛♠✐s♦♥ ❛♥❞ ❇r❡r❡t♦♥✱ ✷✵✶✹❪ ❏❛♠✐s♦♥✱ ❙✳ ❛♥❞ ❇r❡r❡t♦♥✱ ❏✳ ✭✷✵✶✹✮✳

❚❤❡ ❘✐❣ ❱❡❞❛✳ ❙♦✉t❤ ❆s✐❛ r❡s❡❛r❝❤✳ ❖①❢♦r❞ ❯♥✐✈❡rs✐t②
Pr❡ss✱ ❯❙❆✳

❬❑✉✐♣❡r✱ ✶✾✼✹❪ ❑✉✐♣❡r✱ ❋✳ ✭✶✾✼✹✮✳ ❱✐ ❞❛②❛t❡ ❛♥❞ ✈✐❞❛t❤❛✳ ■♥❞♦❧♦❣✲

✐❝❛ ❚❛✉r✐♥❡♥s✐❛✱ ✷✿✶✷✶✕✶✸✷✳

❬P❛❧✐❤❛✇❛❞❛♥❛✱ ✶✾✾✻❪ P❛❧✐❤❛✇❛❞❛♥❛✱ ▼✳ ✭✶✾✾✻✮✳ ❚❤❡ ●♦❞ ♦❢ ❲❛r

❛♥❞ ▲❛✈✐s❤♥❡ss✳ ❙t❛t❡ Pr✐♥t✐♥❣ ❈♦r♣♦r❛t✐♦♥✱ P❛♥❛❧✉✇❛✱
P❛❞✉❦❦❛✱ ❙r✐ ▲❛♥❦❛✳

❬P❛❧✐❤❛✇❛❞❛♥❛✱ ✷✵✶✶❪ P❛❧✐❤❛✇❛❞❛♥❛✱ ▼✳ ✭✷✵✶✶✮✳ ❚❤❡ ●♦❞ ♦❢ ❲❛r

❛♥❞ ▲❛✈✐s❤♥❡ss✳ ♦♥❧✐♥❡✳

❬❙❛str②✱ ✶✾✺✷❪ ❙❛str②✱ ❚✳ ✭✶✾✺✷✮✳ ❘✐❣✲❜❤❛s❤②❛ ❇❤✉♠✐❦❛✳ ❙r✐ ❆✉✲

r♦❜✐♥❞♦ ❆s❤r❛♠ Pr❡ss✳

❬❙❡♠❡♥♦✈✱ ✷✵✶✽❛❪ ❙❡♠❡♥♦✈✱ ❉✳ ✭✷✵✶✽❛✮✳ ❍✐♥❞✉✐s♠ ❛♥❞ ❚r✐❜❛❧ ❘❡❧✐✲

❣✐♦♥s✱ ❝❤❛♣t❡r Ps②❝❤♦❧♦❣✐❝❛❧ ▼❡t❤♦❞✳ ❙♣r✐♥❣❡r ◆❡t❤❡r✲
❧❛♥❞s✳

❬❙❡♠❡♥♦✈✱ ✷✵✶✽❜❪ ❙❡♠❡♥♦✈✱ ❉✳ ✭✷✵✶✽❜✮✳ ❖♥ t❤❡ ▼❡❛♥✐♥❣ ♦❢ ❍②♠♥s

t♦ ▼❛r✉ts ✐♥ ❘✐❣✈❡❞❛✳ ❙❛tt❛r❦❛ P✉❜❧✐❝❛t✐♦♥s✳

❬❙❡♠❡♥♦✈✱ ✷✵✷✵❪ ❙❡♠❡♥♦✈✱ ❉✳ ✭✷✵✷✵✮✳ ❚r❡❛t✐s❡ ♦♥ ❙♦♠❛ ❍②♠♥s ♦❢

❘✐❣✈❡❞❛✳ ❙❛tt❛r❦❛ P✉❜❧✐❝❛t✐♦♥s✳

❬❙❦❛❧❧❛❣r✐♠ss♦♥✱ ✷✵✶✹❪ ❙❦❛❧❧❛❣r✐♠ss♦♥✱ ❲✳ ✭✷✵✶✹✮✳ P✉tt✐♥❣ ♦♥ t❤❡

❲♦❧❢ ❙❦✐♥✳ ❲❛②❧❛♥❞ ❙❦❛❧❧❛❣r✐♠ss♦♥✳
❇✐❜❧✐♦❣r❛♣❤② ✶✺✶✼

❬❙✳❲✳❏❛♠✐s♦♥ ❛♥❞ ▼✳❲✐t③❡❧✱ ✶✾✾✷❪ ❙✳❲✳❏❛♠✐s♦♥ ❛♥❞ ▼✳❲✐t③❡❧

✭✶✾✾✷✮✳ ❱❡❞✐❝ ❤✐♥❞✉✐s♠✳

❬❚❤♦♠s♦♥✱ ✷✵✵✶❪ ❚❤♦♠s♦♥✱ ❑✳ ✭✷✵✵✶✮✳ ❚❤❡ ♠❡❛♥✐♥❣ ❛♥❞ ❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡

♦❢ t❤❡ r✐❣✈❡❞❛✿ ❘✐❣✈❡❞✐❝ ❣r✠
❛✈❛♥ ❛s ❛ t❡st ❝❛s❡✳ ❚❤❡
❏♦✉r♥❛❧ ♦❢ ■♥❞♦✲❊✉r♦♣❡❛♥ ❙t✉❞✐❡s✱ ❱♦❧✉♠❡ ✷✾✭◆✉♠❜❡r
✸ ✫ ✹✮✳

❬❚❤♦♠s♦♥✱ ✷✵✵✾❪ ❚❤♦♠s♦♥✱ ❑✳ ✭✷✵✵✾✮✳ ❆ st✐❧❧ ✉♥❞❡❝✐♣❤❡r❡❞

t❡①t✿ ❍♦✇ t❤❡ s❝✐❡♥t✐✜❝ ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤ t♦ t❤❡ r✐❣✈❡❞❛ ✇♦✉❧❞
♦♣❡♥ ✉♣ ✐♥❞♦✲❡✉r♦♣❡❛♥ st✉❞✐❡s✳ ❚❤❡ ❏♦✉r♥❛❧ ♦❢ ■♥❞♦✲
❊✉r♦♣❡❛♥ ❙t✉❞✐❡s✱ ❱♦❧✉♠❡ ✸✼✭◆✉♠❜❡r ✶ ✫ ✷✮✳

❬✈❛♥ ◆♦♦t❡♥ ❛♥❞ ❍♦❧❧❛♥❞✱ ✷✵✵✵❪ ✈❛♥ ◆♦♦t❡♥✱ ❇✳ ❛♥❞ ❍♦❧❧❛♥❞✱ ●✳

✭✸✶✳✶✳✶✾✾✼ ✴ ✷✽✳✷✳✶✾✾✽ ✴ ✷✹✳✻✳✶✾✾✽ ✴ ✷✷✳✶✵✳✶✾✾✾ ✴
✶✳✻✳✷✵✵✵✮✳ ❘✳ ❣✈❡❞❛✲❙❛♠✳ ❤✐t✠
❛✳ ❚■❚❯❙✳ ❚❤❡ ♠❡tr✐❝❛❧❧②
r❡st♦r❡❞ ✈❡rs✐♦♥ ❜② ❇✳ ✈❛♥ ◆♦♦t❡♥ ❛♥❞ ●✳ ❍♦❧❧❛♥❞✱ t❤❡
✧P❛❞❛♣✠ ❛t❤❛✧ ✈❡rs✐♦♥ ❜② ❆✳ ▲✉❜♦ts❦②✱ ❛rr❛♥❣❡❞ ❜② ❏♦st
●✐♣♣❡rt✱ ✇✐t❤ ❝♦rr❡❝t✐♦♥s ❜② ❋❝♦✳❏✳ ▼❛rtí♥❡③ ●❛r❝í❛✳

❬❲❤✐t❛❦❡r✱ ✷✵✶✶❪ ❲❤✐t❛❦❡r✱ ❏✳ ▲✳ ✭✷✵✶✶✮✳ ❙tr♦♥❣ ❆r♠s ❛♥❞ ❉r✐♥❦✲

✐♥❣ ❙tr❡♥❣t❤✳ ❖①❢♦r❞ ❯♥✐✈❡rs✐t② Pr❡ss✳

❬❲✐❧s♦♥✱ ✶✽✻✻❪ ❲✐❧s♦♥✱ ❍✳ ❍✳ ✭✶✽✻✻✮✳ ❘✐❣✲❱❡❞❛✲❙❛♥❤✐t❛✳ ❆ ❝♦❧❧❡❝✲

t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❛♥❝✐❡♥t ❍✐♥❞✉ ❤②♠♥s✳ ▲♦♥❞♦♥✳

❬❊❧✐③✽✾❪ Ò✳ ß✳ ➴ëèçàðåíêîâà Ðèãâåäà✱ ❒àíäàëû ■✖■❱ ❮àóêà ✱

✶✾✽✾

❬❊❧✐③✾✺❪ Ò✳ ß✳ ➴ëèçàðåíêîâà Ðèãâåäà✱ ❒àíäàëû ❱✖❱■■■

❮àóêà ✱ ✶✾✽✾

❬❊❧✐③✾✾❪ Ò✳ ß✳ ➴ëèçàðåíêîâà Ðèãâåäà✱ ❒àíäàëû ❳■✖❳ ❮àóêà ✱

✶✾✾✾