GUIDELINES FOR FOOTING DESIGN |

REQUIREMENTS FOR FOOTING

DESIGN | LCETED
 LCETED  CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, STRUCTURAL DESIGN,

Shallow foundation: 𝐷/𝐵 = 0.25 − 1.0

Deep foundation: 𝐷/𝐵 = 5 − 20
 

For design of footing – allowable or net safe B.C is used,𝑞𝑎 = 𝑞𝑢 /𝐹𝑂𝑆

 
In case of normal soils, provide a base of footing at 1.0 – 1.5 m from
NGL.
 
For black cotton soils, provide a base of footing at 2.5 – 4.0 m from
NGL.
 
Better to provide cover of 75 mm under all exposure conditions.
 
Minimum thickness of isolated footing = 600 mm.
 
Thickness of raft footing = 800 mm - 1500 mm (steel: 20 dia @ 150 c/c
both ways at Top and Bottom.)
 
Axial load ± 20% (same footing)
 
Min. steel in each direction = 0.2% 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝐷
 
For thick foundation (𝑡 > 1.0𝑚), provide a nominal reinforced of 360
mm2 /m in each direction on each face (bottom and top).
Levelling course, 100 mm thick is provided as (1:5:10 or 1:4:8).
 
As a thumb rule, if the spacing between two isolated footings is <
0.5𝑚, provide combined footing
 
For combined footing, 𝐿/𝐵 ≯ 1.5 (if this is the case, increase B)
 
If 𝑃1 close to property line and 𝑃2 > 𝑃1, use eccentric combined
footing.
 
If 𝑃1 close to property line and (½) < (𝑃2 /𝑃1) < 1, use trapezoidal
combined footing.
 
If 𝑃1 close to property line and (𝑃2 /𝑃1) < (½) and (𝐷/𝐵) > 2.5, use
strap combined footing.
 
Offset of raft from exterior column = depth of raft (say 800 mm)
 
Provide extra reinforced. At bottom for 𝐿/3 around each column in raft
foundation, except side columns or columns on retaining wall
The column bars be bent at 90° into the footing for a length of 300
mm. same practise should be adopted while terminating the bars at the
top of building
 
Design steps:
Area of footing is calculated based on working load,

Length of footing,

Width of footing, 𝐵𝑓 = 𝐴𝑓/𝐿𝑓
Projections:
Parallel to a depth of column, 𝑋 = (𝐿𝑓 – 𝐷)/2
Parallel to a width of column, Y = (𝐵𝑓 – 𝑏)/2
Upward footing reaction (due to 𝑃𝑢) causing bending in
footing, 𝑤𝑢 = 𝑃𝑢/𝐴𝑓 < 𝑆𝐵C
 
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