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INTERFERENCE OF LIGHT DUE TO A WEDGE SHAPED THIN
Ray Optics
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Derivation of interference of light due to a wedge-shaped thin lm:

Interference of light due to wedge-shaped thin lm

The wedge-shaped lm is bound by two plane surfaces inclined at angle α.

The thickness t of the lm varies uniformly from zero at the edge to its maximum value at
the other end.

A Ray of light ab incident on the lm will be partially re ected along be and partially
transmitted along BC . The ray BC will be partially re ected along C D which will be again
partially transmitted along BF . The two rays BE and DF in re ected light diverge.

The path difference between ray BE and DF is

Δ = μ(BC + C D) − BG (1)

Where μ- Refractive index of the lm

ΔC DJ and ΔC H J are congruent so

CD = CH
{ } (2)
DJ = J H = t

From equation (1)

Δ = μ(BK + K C + C H ) − BG (∵ BD = BK + K C )

Δ = μ(BK + K H ) − BG (3)

In ΔBDG -

BG
sin i =
BD

BG = BDsin i (4)

In ΔBDK

sin\:r =\frac{BK}{BD}

BK
BD = (5)
sin r

From equation (4) and equation (5)-

sin i
BG = BK .
sin r

sin i
BG = μ. BK (6) (∵ μ = )
sin r

Now put the value of BG in equation (3)

Δ = μ(BK + K H ) − μ. BK

Δ = μ. K H (7)

In ΔDK H

KH
cos (α + r) =
DH

K H = DH cos (α + r)

K H = (DJ + J H ) cos (α + r)

K H = 2t cos (α + r) (8) {From equation (2)}

Now put the value of K H in equation (7)

Δ = 2μt cos (α + r)

The ray DF suffers a phase change of π due to re ection from a denser medium at C .
Whereas there is not any change in phase due to re ection for ray BE .

λ
Δ = 2μt cos (α + r) ±
2

For Constructive Interference:

Δ = nλ

λ
Δ = 2μt cos (α + r) ± = nλ
2

λ
2μt cos (α + r) = (2n ± 1)
2

For Destructive Interference:

λ
Δ = (2n ± 1)
2

λ λ
Δ = 2μt cos (α + r) ± = (2n ± 1)
2 2

Δ = 2μt cos (α + r) = 2nλ

Ray Optics

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