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Structural Steel Design CE 434

Tension Members
Lecture 3

Prof. Ghazi Abu-Farsakh

Eng. Mutaz AL-Dwairy

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Standard Holes in T-Section

Example: Determine the net area of the WT 10.5 X 61 shown in the Figure below.

Solution:

𝐴𝑛 = 𝐴𝑔 − 2𝐴ℎ𝑓 − 𝐴ℎ𝑤

Using manual as shown in the next slide

𝐴𝑔 = 17.9 𝑖𝑛2 , 𝑡𝑓 = 0.96 𝑖𝑛, 𝑡𝑤 = 0.6 in

𝐴𝑛 = 17.9 − 2 1 ∗ 0.96 − 1 ∗ 0.6 𝑑ℎ =7/8+1/8=1 in

𝐴𝑛 = 15.38 𝑖𝑛2

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Staggered holes in Angle Section

An ( ABE )  Ag  Ah  An ( FCD)
S2
An ( ABCD )  Ag  2 Ah  t
4g
g  abt

 An min  min. of An (ABE) & An (ABCD)

Staggered-type connection

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Staggered holes in an Angle Section

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Staggered holes in an Angle Section

Possible fracture line (passing through one hole): Not control
Possible fracture line (passing through two hole)

P
𝐴𝑛 = 𝐴𝑔 − 2𝐴ℎ

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Staggered Holes
Possible fracture line (passing through three holes)

P
𝑠12 𝑠22
𝐴𝑛 = 𝐴𝑔 − 3𝐴ℎ + 𝑡 + 𝑡
4𝑔1 4𝑔2

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Staggered Holes
When lines of bolts are present in more than one element of the cross section of
a rolled shape, and the bolts in these lines are staggered with respect to one
another, we use the following procedure to consider the effect of the staggered
holes (The section is assumed to be flattened out into a single plate)

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Staggered Holes in Angle Section

S S

e1
g1

g2

e2

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Staggered Holes in Angle Section

g2 g2

g2

𝑡 𝑡
𝑔2 = 𝑎 − 2 + 𝑏 − 2 = 𝑎 + 𝑏 − 𝑡

AISC B4.3b specifies that any gage line crossing the heel of the angle be reduced by
an amount that equals the angle thickness.

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C- Section

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C- Section

𝑡𝑓 𝑡𝑤 𝑡𝑓 + 𝑡𝑤
𝑔1 = 𝑎 − + 𝑏 − =𝑎+𝑏− = 𝑎 + 𝑏 − 𝑡𝑎𝑣𝑒
2 2 2
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C-Section

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g1  a  b  t ave , b  b f  e, a  
 d-g2 

 2 

An ( ABEF )  Ag  2 Ahf , ( Ahf  d h t f )

An ( FCDG )  Ag  2 Ahw , ( Ahw  d h t w )

S2 t f  tw
An ( ABCDG )  Ag  Ahf  2 Ahw  t ave , (t ave  )
4 g1 2
S2
An ( ABCDEF )  Ag  2 Ahf  2 Ahw  2 t ave
4 g1
S2 S2
An ( ABCEF )  Ag  2 Ahf  Ahw  t ave  t ave
4g1  g 2  4 g1
 An min  min imum of An(ABEF), An(FCDG), An(ABCDG), An(ABCDEF) & An(ABCEF) 
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W-Section

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W-Section

 tf 
g1   a    b

 2
 bf   d-g2   t f  tw 
 
b    e , a   , t ave   
 2   2   2 
Ahf  2d h t f , Ahw  d h t w

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g1  a  b  t ave , b  b f  e, a  
 d-g2 

 2 

An ( ABEF )  Ag  2 Ahf , ( Ahf  d h t f )

An ( FCDG )  Ag  2 Ahw , ( Ahw  d h t w )

S2 t f  tw
An ( ABCDG )  Ag  Ahf  2 Ahw  t ave , (t ave  )
4 g1 2
S2
An ( ABCDEF )  Ag  2 Ahf  2 Ahw  2 t ave
4 g1
S2 S2
An ( ABCEF )  Ag  2 Ahf  Ahw  t ave  t ave
4g1  g 2  4 g1
 An min  min imum of An(ABEF), An(FCDG), An(ABCDG), An(ABCDEF) & An(ABCEF) 
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