●● PRACTICE QUESTIONS

PRACTICE QUESTIONS
1 C (1)
2 B (1)
3 D (1)
4 a) Al(g) → Al+(g) + e− (1)
b) Li2+(g) → Li3+(g) + e− (1)
c) only three electrons (1)
5 a) B(g) → B+(g) + e− (1)
b) For sodium the atomic radius is larger than for lithium (1)
There is increased shielding by inner electrons (1)
So less energy is required to remove the electron (1)
c) Oxygen atoms have a p4 arrangement (1)
The repulsion of two electrons in the same p orbital leads to
less energy being required to remove the outer electron (1)
d) up for Mg but less than Be (1)
down again for Al but less than B (1)
up again for Si bit less than C (1)
e) smallest atomic radius (1)
highest nuclear charge in a period (1)
most energy required to remove the electron (1)
6 a) atomic radius decreases (1)
nuclear charge increases (1)
more energy required to remove electron (1)
b) boron has a p1 electronic configuration (1)
outer electrons further from the nucleus/shielded by inner s2
electrons (1)
c) 1s2 2s2 2p3 (1)
7 a) (9.4 × 50)+(72.5 × 52)+(14.5 × 53)+(3.6 × 54) (1)
100
= 52.0 (1)
1
b) chromium (1)
c) 54Cr+ (1)

8 a) 43 (1)
b) 60 (1)
 9 a) second electron removed from an energy level closer to
the nucleus (1)
less shielding by inner electrons (1)
b) Na(g) → Na+(g) + e− (1)
c) magnesium (1)
d) i) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 (1)
ii) Zn2+ (2)
Cu+ (1)
ATOMIC STRUCTURE
1