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Practice questions

1 a) primary alcohols (1)
b)
H H H H H H (2)
O O

Practice questions
H C C C C H C C C C
H H H H H H H OH
butanal butanoic acid

c) i) CH3CH2CH2CH2OH → CH3CH2CH=CH2 + H2O (2)

ii) concentrated sulfuric acid (1)
2 a) pentan-2-one (1)
b) functional group isomerism (1)
c) H OH (1)
H3C C
C C CH3
H H
d) This isomer has a C=C .There is restricted rotation about a C=C. (1)
e) You can describe two tests here either the test with Fehling’s solution
or the test with Tollens’ reagent.
Add Fehling’s solution to a sample of the compound and warm.
Isomer 2 will react and form an orange-red precipitate. Fehling’s
solution remains colourless in the presence of isomer 3.
Add Tollens’ reagent to a sample of the compound and warm.
Isomer 2 will react and form a precipitate of silver on the sides of the
reaction vessel, a silver mirror. Tollens’ reagent remains colourless
in the presence of isomer 3. (3)
3 a) electrophilic addition (3)

H H H H –
O O
C C H C C H + S
+
H H H H O O
δ+ δ–
H O O
S 1

H O O

H H
H C C H
H
O O
S
H O O
 b) ethanol  (1)
c) catalyst  (1)
d) Step 1: Add hydrogen bromide to ethene to form bromoethane.
This is an electrophilic addition reaction.
Step 2: Dissolve bromoethane in a minimum volume of ethanol.
Dissolve sodium hydroxide in water. Add and reflux gently.
This is a nucleophilic substitution reaction forming ethanol. (6)
4 a) CH OH
(1)
2
COOH
+4[O] +2H2O
CH2OH COOH

b)
H O (1)
C

C
H O
c) Reaction 1: electrophilic addition
Reaction 2: nucleophilic substitution (2)
5 a) structural formula: CH3C(CH3)CHCH2CH2C(CH3)CHCH2OH (1)
molecular formula: C10H18O (1)
b) C10H18O + 14O2 → 10CO2 + 9H2O (2)
c) Stereoisomers are molecules which have the same molecular and
structural formula but have a different arrangement of their
groups in a three-dimensional space. (1)
d) primary alcohol (The OH group is at the end of the chain.) (1)
e) Reagent: acidified potassium dichromate; primary alcohol in
15 ALCOHOLS

excess; product distilled immediately. (3)

6 A
7 D
8 a) The forward reaction is exothermic. If the temperature is lowered the
system will move to oppose this change, to increase the temperature.

The position of equilibrium will shift to the right thus forming

2
more ethanol. (2)
b) At low temperatures the rate of reaction is slow and the time taken
to reach equilibrium is long, therefore a compromise temperature is
reached, i.e. one which gives an appreciable rate of reaction and
yield of ethanol. (1)
c) If water was used it would dilute the acid catalyst and it would no
longer be concentrated and would not function as a catalyst. (1)