ANIMAL CHARACTERISTICS IN BIORESOURCES

MANAGEMENT
 Growth

Development

Animals as Reproduction
bioresources
Production

Sustainability
Application of animals as bioresources

Growth Development Reproduction

Production Sustainability
Growth in animals is determinate →
grows to a certain size

Animals grow and develop through

a series of developmental processes: Growth and
•
•
Zygote
Embryo
development
•
•
Juvenile
Adult
in animals
Some organisms undergo
metamorphosis
 Cell division is the key to cellular
reproduction

Reproduction Reproduction at the individual level

in animals can occur sexually or asexually

The process of sexual reproduction

involves the meeting of male
gametes and female gametes
 Life
As with plants, Grow
animals also Repair
allocate energy for: Storage

Sexual Animals store food reserves in

reproduction the form of fat in adipose tissue
(fat)
in animals
Example : Canard grass
 ◦ Foie gras is a luxury food product made of the liver
of a duck or goose that has been especially
fattened.
Canard gras ◦ The foie gras is produced by the fattening of ducks
and geese, we speak more often of fat palmipedes
◦ France is the world's leading producer of foie gras.
◦ By French law, foie gras is defined as the liver of a
duck or goose fattened by force-feeding corn with a
feeding tube, a process also known as gavage
◦ In 2017, 11,600 tons were produced in France. This
production is authorized for breeding only in 7
Member States.
Siapkan rancangan produk bioindustry dengan
menggunakan prinsip manajemen biologi
Canard gras & foi gras
(daging & hati)
Sexual reproduction in animals
Sexual reproduction occurs
through the fusion of sperm and
ovum à Fertilization / Fertilization

Fertilization can occur inside the

body or outside

Ovulation cycle (maturation of the

ovum) in mammals & birds has an
effect on mating time
 Inseminasi buatan pada hewan (ternak)

Jelaskan tanda kesuksesan dari inseminasi? &

inseminasi buatan?
 Manajemen
Reproduksi Bioresources
 As with plants, animals also allocate energy to:

Life (basic metabolic activity)

energy Grow

allocation in Repair

animals Storage

Reproduction

Animals store food reserves in the form of fat in adipose tissue

(fat)
 ENERGY
ALLOCATION IN
INVERTEBRATE
 Respond to environment

ANIMALS RESPOND TO THE REFLEX MECHANISM; WORK HORMONAL MECHANISM; WORK

ENVIRONMENT BY: FASTER À SENSES - NERVOUS SLOWER
SYSTEM - RESPONSE (MUSCLES)
 Living things respond to stimuli from the
environment

The response is used as a mechanism of self

Respond to defense and food acquisition

environment Cell-level responses are carried out in the

presence of stimuli (eg proteins, compounds,
heat) and receptors on the stimulus

Example: massaging a cow - Wagyu

Wagyu (和牛 Wagyū, "Japanese
beef") is any of the four Japanese
breeds of beef cattle.
◦ In several areas of Japan, wagyu beef is
shipped carrying area names. Some examples
are Matsusaka beef, Kobe beef, Yonezawa
beef, Mishima beef,[1] Ōmi beef, and Sanda
beef. In recent years, wagyu beef has
increased in fat percentage due to decrease in
grazing and an increase in using feed,
resulting in larger, fattier cattle.
Reflex mechanism
◦ A reflex, or reflex action, is an
involuntary and nearly
instantaneous movement in
response to a stimulus.
◦ Areflex is made possible by
neural pathways
calledreflex arcs which can act
on an impulse before that
impulse reaches the brain
Hormone
◦ Hormones are released into the bloodstream
through which they travel to target sites. ...
Water-solublehormones bind to a receptor
protein on the plasma membrane of the cell.
Receptor stimulation results in a change in cell
activity, which may send feedback to the
original hormone-producing cell.
Homeostasis mechanism in animals
◦ Body temperature regulation:
◦ Exothermic / Poikiloterm body temperature depends on the
ambient temperature
◦ Endotherms / Homoiotherms → fixed body temperature; there is a
mechanism for regulating body temperature in response to ambient
temperature
◦ Osmotic body pressure regulation:
◦ Urine and sweat excretion
EXOTHERMIC
Homeostasis
mechanism
◦ Living things can only live in certain
environmental conditions
◦ Changes in environmental conditions
require regulatory mechanisms in the
body of living things à Mechanism of
homeostasis
◦ Homeostasis occurs through the
feedback process and the body feels a
change in internal conditions, then takes
action
Homeostasis in animals - Management

UTILIZATION OF HOMEOSTASIS ADJUSTMENT OF

MECHANISMS FOR LIVESTOCK ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
THROUGH ACCLIMATIZATION GRADUALLY FOR ANIMALS
Evolutionary
adaptation

Morphological
Living things Adaptation adaptations,
adapt to handed down Physiological
changing from adaptations,
environmenta generation to Behavioral
l conditions generation adaptations
 MANAGEMENT
IN ADAPTATION

Examples of adaptation
in human and animals
Knowing the adaptation of
◦ Morphological adaptations: camel
bodies that are suitable for desert behavior in the maintenance
conditions
◦ Physiological adaptation: high levels
of livestock, aquaculture,
of hemoglobin in highland
populations animal culture
◦ Behavioral adaptation: hibernation in
some animals in winter
Physiological
adaptation
◦ Camel in desrt
 Reproduction in sea urchin

MANAJEMEN PRODUK LAUT

HTTPS://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V=OCMNV0P8L4Q
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T28t9gZiURk
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wCNGFFWB7VY&t=147s