Cognitive Science An Introduction to the

Study of Mind 3rd Edition Friedenberg Test

Bank
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1. Which of the following terms refers to how much information can be held in a memory system?
@ Question Type: MC
a. capacity
b. duration
c. frequency
*d. capacity

2. You are a participant in an iconic memory experiment. A letter array is flashed briefly followed
by a tone indicating that you should recall the letters from the top row. What will you report?
@ Question Type: MC
a. none of the letters in the top row
b. 4 or 5 letters from across different parts of the array
c. all of the letters from the middle row
*d. most of the letters in the top row

3. Jessica studies for her biology test and then for her psychology test. She ends up doing worse
on the biology exam. This can best be explained by
@ Question Type: MC
a. proactive interference
b. rehearsal
*c. retroactive interference
d. chunking

4. In the Bahrick (1984) study, at what point after initial learning was there a slight decrease in
the information recalled?
@ Question Type: MC
*a. 30–35 years later
b. 6–30 years later
c. 15–30 years later
d. 3–6 years later

5. Which form of memory has a limited capacity and duration?

@ Question Type: MC
a. semantic
b. episodic
*c. working
d. sensory

6. Sarah forgot the answer to a test question but recalled it later. What is the best explanation for
this?
@ Question Type: MC
a. decay
b. chunking
c. encoding
*d. retrieval failure

7. What order of events from Anderson’s ACT* memory model would occur when hitting a golf
ball?
@ Question Type: MC
*a. encoding–matching–execution–performance
b. encoding–execution–matching–performance
c. performance–matching–retrieval–encoding
d. encoding–storage–retrieval–performance

8. Which component of Baddeley’s working memory model would rotate a visual image?
@ Question Type: MC
a. articulatory loop
b. executive control system
*c. visuo-spatial sketchpad
d. retrieval device

9. Select the true statement concerning imagery

@ Question Type: MC
a. it is based on information from memory
b. it relies on much of the same neural machinery as perception
c. it need not be restricted to the auditory domain
*d. all of the above

10. In the Kosslyn-Schwartz theory of visual imagery, what structure is similar to a TV screen?
@ Question Type: MC
a. the deep representations
*b. the visual buffer
c. the propositional encodings
d. the surface representation

11. In the Kosslyn-Schwartz theory of visual imagery, what process would be used to contract an
image (make it smaller)?
@ Question Type: MC
a. zoom
b. find
*c. pan
d. scan

12. Mental rotation is an example of

@ Question Type: MC
*a. a shift transformation
b. an image generation
c. adjusting resolution
d. a blink transformation

13. If you think an object is heavy, you may mentally rotate it more slowly. To which critique of
the Kosslyn-Schwartz theory of visual imagery does this apply?
@ Question Type: MC
a. too many free parameters
b. demand characteristics
*c. cognitive penetration
d. none of the above

14. If you don’t believe in images and think that digital symbol processing can account for what
seems to be image processing, then you are a
@ Question Type: MC
*a. descriptionalist
b. quasi-pictorialist
c. pictorialist
d. quasi-descriptionalist

15. The transformation of the problem-solving situation corresponds best to which characteristic
of problem solving?
@ Question Type: MC
a. sequence of operations
b. goal directedness
c. subgoal decomposition
*d. cognitive operations

16. Michelle misplaced her umbrella. Instead of looking everywhere for it, she first checks in the
hallway outside her apartment door. Michelle has just used a
@ Question Type: MC
a. problem space
b. means-end analysis
*c. heuristic
d. solution tree

17. Bill wants to buy a used car. Before he can do this he must make $5,000. Which of the
following is the goal in this problem?
@ Question Type: MC
*a. buying the car
b. making $5,000
c. getting a job
d. none of the above

18. The results from Sternberg’s (1969) memory search experiment showed that search is
@ Question Type: MC
a. serial and self-terminating
b. parallel and self-terminating
*c. serial and exhaustive
d. parallel and exhaustive

19. If you match a target to all the items in a list at once then you are performing a __________
search
@ Question Type: MC
a. serial
*b. parallel
c. direct
d. ineffective

20. An experimental psychologist presents a word on a computer screen for 250 ms and then
follows it with a random pattern of letters for 500 ms. The random pattern is known as:
@ Question Type: MC
a. decay
b. the visual icon
*c. a mask
d. a chunk

21. On average, most people can hold about three items in short-term memory
@ Question Type: TF
a. True
*b. False

22. An item’s meaning is represented in a semantic code

@ Question Type: TF
*a. True
b. False

23. Learning to play the guitar is an example of episodic memory

@ Question Type: TF
a. True
*b. False

24. Information that is not activated for use is in a state of storage

@ Question Type: TF
*a. True
b. False
25. Pictorialists don’t believe in images
@ Question Type: TF
a. True
*b. False

26. A cognitive architecture describes just a single cognitive process

@ Question Type: TF
a. True
*b. False

Type: E
27. Describe the duration, capacity, and coding of the three major memory types. What is the
purpose of each type? Why don’t we just have a single kind of memory?
@ Question Type: ESS
*a. Answer vary

Type: E
28. Describe the Kosslyn-Schwartz theory of visual imagery. What criticisms have been leveled
against this model?
@ Question Type: ESS
*a. Answer vary

Type: E
29. Describe the General Purpose Problem Solver (GPS) and the SOAR model of problem
solving. What are the differences between the two? What kinds of problems were each designed
to solve? What are the difficulties associated with each?
@ Question Type: ESS
*a. Answer vary

Type: E
30. What are the four basic ways search in working memory can take place? What way is it
actually done?
@ Question Type: ESS
*a. Answer vary