Slide Print

TRAINING PROGRAM ON REVISED NEPAL NATIONAL BUILDING CODE AND
OTHER BYELAWS
Session 1:Inauguration and

scope of training
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Contents
• Introduction (Participants & Trainer)
• Brief introduction about Training
• Training rules and regulations
• Pretest
• Group Division
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During Emergency
• Don’t run
• Stay calm
• Follow the trainer Instruction
• Move towards the safe place
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Introduction (Participants & Trainer)
• Name:
• Permanent Address:
• Education:
• Training (Eg: ToT):
• Years of Experience:
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Salient Features of Project

S No Description Name Remark
Nepal Urban Governance
1 Project Title
Infrastructure Project
TRAINING PROGRAM ON
REVISED NEPAL NATIONAL
2 Project Name
BUILDING CODE AND
OTHER BYELAWS
3 Date of Agreement 2079-01-12
4 Commencement of Service 2079-01-13
5 Duration 3 Month
Involved Agency
S No Agency Name Remark
1 Donor World Bank
2 Executing Agency DUDBC/NUGIP/PCO Client
3
5/23/2022
Consulting Firm IERC-ECoCoDE Nepal J/V 5
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Objective
• Provide knowledge on Current code practices and

recent trends on earthquake resistant design.
• Provide knowledge on seismicity and seismic risk of

Nepal.
• Provide knowledge on earthquake resistant design

considerations.
• Provide know-how in the field of earthquake

engineering and the code provisions for the
construction in seismic areas.
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Objective
• Provide knowledge on Design of RC frame as well as load

bearing masonry building considering earthquake load
• Identify structural and non-structural mitigation measures

in building structure.
• Discuss the need and necessity of Nepal National Building

Code and its implementation.
• Identify the major flaws in the prevalent practice of

earthquake resistant design of building.
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Objective
• Make a good judgement in structural performance of

buildings in earthquakes.
• Build confidence and carry structural analysis and design

of earthquake resistant RC frame and Masonry buildings.
• Generate keen interest among the engineering fraternity in

Earthquake Resistant Design of Buildings.
• Provide knowledge on related byelaws.
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Training Rules
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Expectation of Participant
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File
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Pretest
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Group Division
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THANK YOU
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Session 1:108: Site

Consideration for
Seismic Hazards (II)
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SITE CONSIDERATION FOR SEISMIC

HAZARDS
✓ Seismic hazard, hazard associated with

potential earthquakes in a particular area.
✓ Nepal is situated in the boundary of Two

tectonic plate namely Indian and Eurasian
Plate. And Indian Plate moves around 30-40
mm /Year towards Eurasian. (Stevens and
Avouac 2016)
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HAZARDS Contd.
✓ Major faults system Main Central Thrust,

Main Boundary Thrust, Himalayan Frontal
Thrust, and South Tibetan Tethys system
(STDS) running east to west throughout
the length of Nepal.
✓ Dispicts The major fault also 92 active

faults have been maped by BECA study
(BECA 1994).
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HAZARDS Contd.
✓ Statistics of past earthquake occurrence

shows that we can expect two earthquakes
7.5–8 local magnitude in every 40 years and
of magnitude greater than Mw 8 in every 80
years (Dhakal 2014).
✓ occurrence of about 17% of largest

earthquakes in the world (Ulak 2015)
✓ Approximately 95% of earthquake occurs in

plate boundary. (NSET 2012)
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Seismic Faults including Geological

Division and Major Earthquake
5/23/2022 Bhusal et al 2022 5

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Effect of Earthquakes
✓ Ground Effect
• Surface faulting
• Liquefaction Settlements
• Landslides
• Rock Fall
✓ Effects on Building
• Failure by inertia force

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Effect of Earthquakes
✓ Ground Effect
• Surface faulting
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• Liquefaction Settlements
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• Landslides and Rock Fall
Hashash et al 2015
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• Effect on Building (Inertia Force)
Hashash et al 2015
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Consideration of Potential Fault Rupture

Hazard
• Important building or structure, it shall be

ensured that the building is not located within
a distance of 500 m from the surface trace of
a known active fault.
• Areas closer than 500 m to the trace of an

active fault should be used for grassland,
forest, gardens, parks, etc less affected by
faults.
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Consideration of Potential Liquefaction
• Liquefaction of subsurface soil occurs when groundwater

saturated, loose, granular soil is exposed to strong
earthquake shaking for a relatively long duration.
• Eastern Terai experienced wide-spread occurences of

liquefaction during the Bihar-Nepal earthquake of 1934
and the Udaypur earthquake of 1988.
• Terai and on alluvial river banks within the mountainous

terrain, ancient lake deposits shall be preceded by
examination of the liquefaction susceptibility of the sub-
surface ground. Generally 20 m should sufficient as the
depth of exploration.
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Consideration of Potential Landslides

and Slope Instability
• All major earthquakes in mountainous terrain

result in increased instances of landslides
• Locating an important building on sloping

ground in the mountainous terrain should be
preceded by examination of the hill slope
stability conditions and identification of
necessary structures for counteracting the
effects of the adverse conditions.
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Consideration of Potential Landslides

and Slope Instability
NBC 108
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Site Investigation
Is there any danger of inherent natural

susceptibility of the land to the process of
sliding and erosion?
Will the construction adversely affect the

existing conditions and trigger landslide,
erosion, land subsidence, pore pressure
generation due to blockage of or otherwise
the sub-surface flow of water; will the
construction adversely affect the water
table?
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Site Investigation
What will be the extent of settlement of the

building?
Is the sub-surface capable of taking the load

due to the proposed construction?
What are the possible engineering solutions

for ensuring stability of the building
foundation in view of the identified
conditions?
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Extent of Site Exploration
Depend upon the geological and

geomorphological nature of the terrain, and
on the importance of the building and the
scale of the project.
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Depth of Exploration
Generally, the exploration should be carried

out to the depths at which the induced
stress due to the loads from the
construction dissipates substantially and
the strata can carry the load without
undesirable settlement and with an
acceptable factor of safety against failure.
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Allowable Bearing Pressure
The allowable bearing pressure should be

calculated as per current good engineering
practice.
Design of Foundations
The design of foundations shall be carried

out in accordance with good engineering
practice. Compliance with the following
established codes/standards may be taken as
the basis of good engineering practice
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THANK YOU
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Session 2:I
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INSTALLATION AND
EXECUTION OF SOFTWARE
SALIENT FEATURES
SOFTWARE AND ITS
LIMITATION
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https://www.csiamerica.com/products/etabs
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● ETABS is an Engineering software product that caters to

multi-story building analysis and design.
● Once modeling is complete, ETABS automatically
generates and assigns code-based loading conditions for
gravity, seismic, wind, and thermal forces.
● Users may specify an unlimited number of load cases and
combinations.
● Basic or advanced systems under static or dynamic
conditions may be evaluated using ETABS.
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Key Features
• Fully integrated interface within Windows

95/98/NT/2000
• Optimized for modeling of multistory
buildings
• 3D perspective, plan, elevation, developed
elevation, and custom views
• 3D model generation using plans and
elevations
• CAD drawing/editing for fast, intuitive
framing layout
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Key Features
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Key Features
• Fast generation of model using

the concept of similar stories
• Automated templates for typical
structures
• Easy editing with move, merge,
mirror and replicate
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Key Features
• Multiple views in 3D perspective with zooming and snapping

• Onscreen assignment of properties, loading and supports
• Powerful grouping, selection and Display options
• Cut, copy and paste options
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• Unlimited levels of undo and redo

• Cut/Paste geometry to and from
spreadsheets
• Import and export of .DXF file for model
geometry
• Detailed context-sensitive online help
• Analysis integrated with post-processing
and design
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THANK YOU
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REVIEW OF STRUCTURAL
SYSTEMS & STRUCTURAL
ANALYSIS, PRELIMINARY
SIZE OF SLAB, BEAM &
COLUMN
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Structural Systems
1. BRACED-FRAME STRUCTURAL SYSTEM: More used

in steel construction and is suitable for multistory
building.
Efficient and economical for enhancing the lateral
stiffness and resistance of a rigid-frame system
2. RIGID-FRAME STRUCTURAL SYSTEM: Beams and

columns are constructed monolithically to withstand
moments that are imposed due to loads. A rigid-frame
system is more suitable for reinforced concrete
buildings
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Structural Systems
3. WALL-FRAME SYSTEM (DUAL SYSTEM): The wall-

frame or dual system consists of a wall and frame that
interact horizontally for a stronger and stiffer system and
also helps to prevent soft story failure by better
placement.
4. SHEAR WALL SYSTEM : Shear walls are great at

withstanding gravity and lateral loads, as well as acting
as narrow-deep cantilever beams.
Bracing tall buildings that are either reinforced concrete

or steel structure, this system is highly suitable because
shear walls are substantial in plane stiffness and
strength.
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Structural Systems
5. CORE AND OUTRIGGER STRUCTURAL SYSTEM
This kind of structural system is practically used for

buildings up to 70 stories and higher buildings because
of the greater efficiency achieved in resisting forces
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Structural Analysis
Determination of the effects of loads on

physical structures and their components.
Method of Analysis.
For Determinant Structures
Static Equilibrium Equations are Used.
For Indeterminant Structures
Force Methods
Displacement method Used.
Solving Techniques
Using Equivalent Frame method
Finite Element Method.
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Preliminary Design for proportioning of

the Structural Element
For the analysis, dead load is also necessary
which depends upon the size of member
itself.
It is necessary to pre-assume logical size of
member which will neither overestimate the
load no blunder estimate the stiffness of the
building.
The tentative sizes of the Structural elements
are determined through preliminary design so
that After, analysis, the presumed dimensions
may not deviate considerably, thus making
the final design both safe and economical.
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Slab:
Preliminary design of slab is done as per the
deflection criteria as directed by code Clause
23.2.1 of [IS 456: 2000].
According to which, Span ≤ (Mft x Mfc) x
Basic Value Eff. Depth
Where, the critical span is selected which is
the maximum shorter span among the all slab
element and make uniformity in slab
thickness.
From Deflection Criteria [Effective Depth =

Effective Shorter Span / (23 * MF)]
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Preliminary Design for proportioning of the

Structural Element
Beam:
Preliminary design of the beam is done as per the deflection criteria
as directed by code Clause 23.2.1 of [IS 456: 2000] and ductility
criteria of IS13920: 2016 code.
According to which, Span ≤ (Mft x Mfc) x Basic Value x Correction
Factor
or Eff. Depth for span x Correction Factor for Flange
But, According to Ductility code,
Beams Shall Preferably have width to depth ratio of more than 0.3.
Width not less than 200 mm and depth not more than ¼ th of clear
span.
For Practical rule as 25mm Depth for 300mm of Span covering
deflection Criteria
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COLUMN:
Preliminary design of column is done from the
assessment of approximate factored gravity
loads and live loads coming up to the critical
section.
To compensate the possible eccentric loading
and earthquake loads the size is increased by
about 25%in design.
Generally column having Large influence area
is adopted for calculation of preliminary size.
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CASES STUDY ON SAMPLE BUILDING

CALCULATION OF VERTICAL LOAD
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Grid System
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Vertical Load Calculation

Dead Load Calculation as per IS 875 (Part I) 1987.>>For Unit Wt.
For Live Load used IS 875 (Part II) 1987.

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Tile/Marble (25 mm ) = 26.5*0.025 = 0.6625 KN/m2
Cement mortar (25 mm) = 20*0.025 = 0.5 KN/m2
Plaster (15 mm) = 20*0.015 = 0.3 KN/m2
Total Floor Finish Load = 1.4625 KN/m2
Marble/ Tile (25 mm)

Cement Mortar (25 mm)
Slab (150mm)
Plaster (15mm)
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Vertical Load Calculation (Staircase)

Unit Wt. of Concrete 25KN/m3
Total Length of Waist Slab 6.2m
Width Of Waist Slab 2.1m
Thickness of stair Slab 0.2m
Total Area of Landing 8.8m2
Riser Height 0.2m
Tread 0.3m
No. of Steps 20No.
Unit Wt. of Steps 25KN/m3
Total Dead load (Self Wt.) Of staircase (W1) = waist

Slab Wt. + Landing Wt. + Steps Wt.
Total W1 = 132KN
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Vertical Load Calculation (Staircase)

Surface Finish Intensity 1.5KN/m2
Live Load Intensity 5KN/m2
Total surface Area(A) = Landing Area + Waist Slab Area
A = 22m2
Surface Finish Load(W2) = A * Intensity of Load
W2 = 32KN
Total Live Load (W3) = A * Intensity of LL
W3 = 109KN
Total Dead Wt. W = W1 + W2
W = 164KN
Length Of Beam (l) 4.6m
Udl On Each Beam 18KN/m Provide 18 KN/m on beam
Due to Live Load 12KN/m Provide 12 KN/m on beam
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Vertical Load Calculation (Wall)

Floor Height (H) 3 m
Unit wt. of wall (Ƴ) 20 KN/m3
Depth of Beam (D) 0.6 m
Depth of Slab (Ds) 0.15 m
Thickness of main Wall (T) 0.23 m
Thickness of partition wall (t) 0.13 m
Considering Opening 40 %
Now, UDL on wall under Beam = Ƴ*(H-D)*T
11 KN/m2
With opening =(1-opening/100)*UDL
6.62 KN/m2
Now, UDL on Partition wall under Beam = Ƴ*(H-D)*t

6.24 KN/m2
With opening =(1-opening/100)*UDL
3.74 KN/m2
In case of wall under slab D replace with Ds
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For School Building
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Vertical Load Calculation (Live Load)

As Per IS 875 (PART 2) 1987
Occupancy Intensity Unit
Class rooms and lecture rooms 3 KN/m2
Dining rooms, cafeterias 3 KN/m2
Offices, lounges and staff rooms 2.5 KN/m2
Dormitories 2 KN/m2
Projection rooms 5 KN/m2
Toilets and bathrooms 2 KN/m2
Store rooms 5 KN/m2
Library Stack room/stack area 6 KN/m2
Library Reading Room 4 KN/m2
Corridors, Passages, Staircase 4 KN/m2
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CALCULATE SEISMIC LOAD PARAMETER

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Earthquake Load Calculation

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Earthquake Load Calculation (Coefficient)

Earthquake Load Using NBC 105:2020
CALCULATION OF EARTHQUAKE COEFFICIENT
Important Factor (I) 1.25
Seismic Zone Factor (Z) 0.35 (For Kathmandu)
Spectral Shape Factor Ch(T) 2.25
For Ultimate Limit State
Over Strength Factor 4
Ductility Factor 1.5
Design Coefficient 0.165
For Serviceability Limit State
Given Coefficient in Code 0.2
Ductility Factor 1.25
Design Coefficient 0.157
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Earthquake Load Calculation (Coefficient)
Building Height (h) 12m

Fundamental Natural Time period for
RCC frame T= 0.075*h^0.75 0.484sec
Building Height Exponent K AS per
NBC 105:2020 1
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Earthquake Load Calculation (SEISMIC WEIGHT)
Live Load Category Factor (λ)

Storage 0.6
For Other Purpose 0.3
Roof Nill
For Dead Low Full Load (1)

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BUILDING GEOMETRY: DEFINATION OF GRID

SYSTEM MATERIALDEFINATION AND SECTION
DEFINE
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Building Geometry
It effect the earthquake load consideration, Load transfer
Mechanism, Building energy requirement etc.
When Lateral load resisting elements are not oriented along

orthogonal direction, earthquake load in one horizontal
direction plus 30 percent of design earthquake load along the
other horizontal direction.
Effect of Length width ratio.

L/B<=3. “ Seismic Gap Not Required.”
L/B>3. “ Seismic Gap Required.”
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Building Geometry
More complex shaped buildings can also be
made simple by providing seismic gaps at
appropriate locations.
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Building Geometry
Height should not be more than 3 times of its width.
Building in elevation should also be

uniform.(Uniform mass in story Level)
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Grid System
Grid is used to define the Centre of column of the building
generally.
Normally no. of grid parallel to Y consider as no. of grid in x

and Vice Versa.
In rectangular grid system two grid system used,

❖Display Grid Data as Ordinate : Define from fixed
origin.
❖Display Grid Data as Spacing : Define from previous
Grid.
Grid System
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Grid System
5
4
Grid System
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Grid System
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Material Define
Definition of material which is used to make major structural
component (Elements.)
Must provide Unit weight, Elastic Properties, Poisson’s ratio,

Coefficient of thermal expansion, stress strain behavior etc.
The Define Materials form allows for the both the review of
existing materials, as well as the definition of new properties.
In Etabs Standard materials like Rebar, Structural Steel,

Concrete etc materials properties already define.
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Material Define
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Material Define
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Frame Section Define
• The Frame Proper- ties form allows for the definition of

new sections as well as the review of existing sections.
• For Standard Section (Like Steel Section, Aluminum
Section), Import New Properties button is used and to add
user defined sections click the Add New Property button.
• Section Modifiers also used as per Code recommended.
• Line (1D) Element Normally defined in Frame Section
options.
• Auto select List and Section Designer Option make easy and
enhance Calculation.
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Section Define
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Slab (Area) Section Define
• Element having Two dimension larger than 3rd one.

• Slab Normally model as thin shell.
• Shear wall >> Used to resist shear on the structure caused
by Earthquake.
• Basement Wall >> Used to resist earth pressure.
• Deck Section>> Generally used for steel structure.
• Section Modifiers also used as per Code recommended.
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Section Define
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MODEL GENERATION : GEOMETRY FRAME MEMBER ASSIGN

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Frame Section Draw

• Drawing is used to add new objects to the model or to
modify one object at a time.
• Various option used to draw frame section
• Draw Beam/Column/Brace Objects (>Draw or Short cut)
Draw Beam/Column/Brace (Plan, Elev., 3D)
Quick Draw Beams/Columns (Plan, Elev., 3D)
Quick Draw Columns (Plan)
Quick Draw Secondary Beams (Plan)
Quick Draw Braces (Elev.)

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Frame Section Assign

Assign of frame section means to give the actual structural
size for the frame draw object.
>Assign>Frame>Assign Section>Select defined section.
Assign section also be done when draw section. Just change

the properties name.
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Area Section Draw

• Drawing is used to add new objects to the model or to modify
one object at a time.
• Various option used to draw Area section
• Draw Beam/Column/Brace Objects (>Draw or Short cut)
Draw polygon shape section (Plan, Elev., 3D)
Draw Rectangular Shape Section(Plan, Elev.)
Quick Area Element (Between Grid) (Plan, Elev., 3D)
Draw Wall Section (Plan)
Quick Draw Wall Section (Plan)

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Diaphragms Define
• structural element which has large length and width in comparison to
the thickness, rigid in its own plane
• Diaphragm does not change no matter what the magnitude of the in-
plane forces, but under the action of forces normal to the plane, it can
bend.
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Model Generation view Zoom select

Command
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VIEW OPTION
• Make Easy to generate GEOMERTY
• Different Option are used in view option
3D, 2D(Plan, Elevation)
• Set Display option used to view Joint frame shell
details and Extrude View etc.
• It helps to minimize the model generation error.
• View options, which affect how the structure
displays, may be set for each display window
and the setting may differ from window to
window.
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View Option
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Select
• It helps to identified which element get
particular assign command.
• Individual member select using just click on
mouse pointer to the particular element.
• Group element are select based on properties,
coordinate specification etc.
• Used to assign various section, load on element,
element meshing etc.
• Draw Mode and Select Mode are mutually
exclusive.
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SELECT ELEMENT
Or
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SELECT FRAME ELEMENT

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SELECT AREA ELEMENT

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Load Pattern Case and Combination

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• Load>> Amount of force that act on the structures
and create stress on the structural elements.
• “Every things that exist in earth are load”
Different Load pattern Generally use in Building

Self Weight, Wall load, Floor Finish, Dead load of
Staircase, Live load (storage, Normal), Live load roof,
Earthquake Load
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• Load Case: a set of loads and boundary conditions
used to define a particular loading condition.
• For linear analysis all the load define in load pattern
consider as linear static.
• For response spectrum analysis new load case must
be define and change into response spectrum.
• For Non linear analysis also load case change into
respective type of analysis.
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• Load Combination: A load combination results
when more than one load type acts on the
structure.
• Building codes usually specify a variety of load
combinations together with load
factors (weightings) for each load type in
order to ensure the safety of the structure
under different maximum expected loading
scenarios
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AS PER NBC 105:2020
1.2DL + 1.5LL
DL + λ LL + E
For dynamic analysis
DL + λ LL + RS
Where, λ = 0.6 for storage facilities
= 0.3 for other usage
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ASSIGN AREA ELEMEN, MESHING,

SHELL LOAD
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Area Section Assign
OR
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Assign Shell Mesh

• To estimate the better result.
• To model the accurate structure.
• Mesh Done using >> Default model or Mesh into m*n size
or cur the element into specific size.
• Higher the meshing better result and higher computation
time.
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AREA ELEMENT MESH

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AREA ELEMENT MESH

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Assign Load
• The program allows the user to define a variety of
structural loads, including dead, live, earthquake and
wind loads. The user then assigns the loads to various
structural objects in the model. An unlimited number of
load patterns can be defined
• Draw Element weight calculated by software itself.
• Assign load
Point load, Frame Load, Shell load, Tendons
load etc.
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ASSIGN LOAD ON AREA ELEMENT

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ASSIGN LOAD ON AREA ELEMENT

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Assign Diaphragms
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Assign Diaphragms
Note: Assign for each Floor Level

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Assign vertical loads to frame Element

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Frame Load Assign

• Apply all the load apply in frame element.
• Example In building Wall load apply in frame
element.
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ASSIGN FRAME LOAD

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ASSIGN FRAME LOAD

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FRAME LOAD (Wall Load)

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Assign Earthquake load NBC 105:2020

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Mass Source
• Mass which is responsible for create Inertia
force in the structure.
• Full dead load and percentage of live load
consider as mass source.
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Mass Source Define

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Mass Source Define

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Define Earthquake Load Pattern

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Response Spectrum as per NBC 105:2020

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Response Spectrum as per NBC

105:2020 Need
As per NBC 105:2020 Clause 3.2.1
• The height of the structure is Greater than 15 m.
• ii. The natural time period of the structure is

greater than 0.5 secs.
• iii. The structure is not categorized as irregular

as per Clause 5.5 and the height is less than 40 m.
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105:2020
• Define Response spectrum function.
• Define Load case and type response spectrum.
• Initial scale factor consider 9810 i.e. value of g
in GAL since graph is in sa/g
• Finally suitable scale factor calculated based
on static and dynamic linear analysis since
wall structural model time period generally
higher than code recommended.
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Response Function as per NBC 105:2020

Response Curve
0.18
0.16
0.14
0.12
0.1
sa/g
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.02
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Time Sec
Note: Then load case define
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105:2020
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Run Analysis and View Result

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Analyze Model
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Display Result
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Display Result
• Different deformed shape due to varies load
and combination.
• Different Force diagram (BMD, SFD, AFD etc)
• Response Plot (Drift Check, Maximum
Displacement, Shear at each story etc)
• Show table>> For data analysis and export
data in Excel
• Response Spectrum factor calculation
• Detail Study if okay then design structure
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Display Result (Sample AFD)

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Display Result (Sample AFD)

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Design Preferences Design combination and

design
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Design Structure
• For RCC Concrete Frame Design Used.
• View Revise preference >> For Design Code
• Different Combination used as per code
requirement
• Design the Frame Element
• Check Member capacity, Longitudinal and
Shear Reinforcement, Column Beam capacity
ratio etc.
• Detailing as per NBC 105:2020
OTHER BYELAWS
Design Structure
OTHER BYELAWS
Design Structure
OTHER BYELAWS
Design Structure
OTHER BYELAWS
Detailing of BEAMS
❖ Dimensional Limits
➢ Preferably Width to Depth ratio more than 0.3
➢ Width not less than 200 mm
➢ Width of beam bw shall not exceed the width

of supporting member
➢ Beams depth D more than 1/4th of clear span

OTHER BYELAWS
Detailing of BEAMS
❖ Longitudinal Reinforcement
➢ At least two 12mm diameter bars (both at top and bottom)
➢ Minimum longitudinal steel ratio at any face ρmin = 0.24 √fck/fy
➢ Maximum longitudinal steel ratio at any face ρmax = 0.025
➢ Longitudinal steel on bottom face of a beam framing into a column (at the
face of the column) shall be at least half the steel on its top face at the same
section.
➢ Longitudinal steel in beams at any section on top or bottom face shall be at
least 1/4th of longitudinal steel provided at the top face of the beam at the face
of the column. (When the top longitudinal steel in the beam at the two
supporting column faces is different, the larger of the two shall be
considered.)
OTHER BYELAWS
Detailing of BEAMS
❖ Transverse Reinforcement
➢ Minimum diameter of a transverse reinforcement shall be
8 mm.
OTHER BYELAWS
Detailing of BEAMS
➢ The first stirrups shall be at a distance not exceeding 50
mm from the joint face.
OTHER BYELAWS
Detailing of BEAMS
Anchorage of Longitudinal Bars of Beam
➢ Bars of beams shall be provided with horizontal

length beyond the inner face of the column equal
to horizontal development length (ldh) terminating
in a standard hook of length 12db.
➢ The hook shall be located within the confined

core of a column or of a boundary element with
hook bent into the joint.
OTHER BYELAWS
Detailing of BEAMS
But
𝑙𝑑ℎ ≮ (𝐷𝑐 − 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑒 𝐶𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟)
where
db = diameter of largest longitudinal bar in beam in mm
fy = Yield strength of steel
fck = Characteristic compressive strength of concrete
OTHER BYELAWS
Detailing of BEAMS
For 300mmx300mm Column in M20 concrete(fck=20) Fe500

rebar (fy=500) with dia. rebar in beam (db)= 12mm
500𝑥12
𝑙𝑑ℎ= = 276mm (required)
4.85𝑥 20
But, 𝑙𝑑ℎ ≮ (Dc − Concrete Cover)

(𝑙𝑑ℎ + Concrete Cover) ≮ Dc
(276mm + 40mm=316mm) ≮ Dc (300mm)
OTHER BYELAWS
Detailing of BEAMS
OTHER BYELAWS
Detailing of BEAMS
Beam Column Capacity
Summation of the moment capacities of the
column end sections shall be greater than 1.2
times the summation of the beam end moment
capacities.
σ 𝑀𝑐
σ 𝑀𝑏
> 1.2
OTHER BYELAWS
Detailing of COLUMN
OTHER BYELAWS
Detailing of COLUMN
Dimensional Limits (CL 4.2)
OTHER BYELAWS
Detailing of COLUMN
❖ Longitudinal Reinforcement
➢ Circular columns shall have a minimum of 6 numbers of

bars and rectangular columns shall have a minimum of 8
numbers of bars.
➢ Minimum longitudinal steel ratio ρmin shall be 0.01. (1%

of gross area)
➢ Maximum longitudinal steel ratio ρmax shall be 0.04. (4%

of gross area)
➢ Minimum diameter of the longitudinal bar shall be 12

mm.
OTHER BYELAWS
Detailing of COLUMN
➢ The minimum diameter of a link/hoop shall be 8 mm
➢ The maximum spacing of links/hoops shall be half the least
lateral dimension of the column
OTHER BYELAWS
Detailing of COLUMN
❖ Special Confining Reinforcement
▪ Required length of special confining reinforcement
• 𝑙o = 𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 (𝐷𝑐 ; 𝑙𝑐𝑙/6; 450 𝑚𝑚)

• where Dc = Largest cross sectional dimension of column
• lcl = Clear length of column
▪ Spacing of special confining reinforcement
• Spacing = minimum (𝑙 /4*Bc, 6db, 100 mm)
• where Bc = Smallest cross sectional dimension of column
• db = Diameter of smallest longitudinal bar of column

OTHER BYELAWS
Detailing of COLUMN
▪ Required length of special confining reinforcement
• 𝑙o = 𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 (𝐷𝑐 ; 𝑙𝑐𝑙/6; 450 𝑚𝑚)

• where Dc = Largest cross sectional dimension of column
• lcl = Clear length of column
▪ Spacing of special confining reinforcement
• Spacing = minimum (𝑙 /4*Bc, 6db, 100 mm)
• where Bc = Smallest cross sectional dimension of column
• db = Diameter of smallest longitudinal bar of column

OTHER BYELAWS
Detailing of COLUMN
OTHER BYELAWS
Detailing of COLUMN
▪ Special confining reinforcement shall be provided over the
full height of a column which has significant variation in
stiffness along its height.
▪ Columns supporting reactions from discontinued stiff

members, such as walls, shall be provided with special
confining reinforcement over their full height.
OTHER BYELAWS
Detailing of COLUMN
▪ Area (Ash) of special confining reinforcement
• For circular links/hoops or spirals
OTHER BYELAWS
Detailing of COLUMN
▪ Area (Ash) of special confining reinforcement
• For Rectangular Links
Where,
h = longer dimension of rectangular link/hoop measured to its outer
face, which does not exceed 300 mm
Acc = area of confined concrete core in rectangular link/hoop
measured to its outer dimensions. Acc shall be measured as overall
core area, regardless of link/hoop arrangement.
OTHER BYELAWS
FOOTING
OTHER BYELAWS
FOOTING
OTHER BYELAWS
COMBINE FOOTING
Strength of steel bar 500N/mm²
Strength of concrete in column 20N/mm²
Strength of concrete in footing 20N/mm²
Bearing capacity of soil 150KN/m²
Column size C1 (always take edge
column) mm 400 400
column size C2 mm 400 400
Unfactored Axial load on 1 869KN
Unfactored Axial load on 2 988KN
C/C distance of column 2430mm
OTHER BYELAWS
COMBINE FOOTING
Main bar of column (Size, Diameter) 16mm
Depth of footing Assume 0.65m
Distance between edge to center of c1 (a) 1500mm
Clear cover 50mm
Available diameter for main bar 16mm
Available diameter for transverse bar 16mm
Unit wt. of concrete 25KN/m³
Unit wt. of backfill 18KN/m³
Footing base dimensions Calulation
𝑝1 + 𝑝2
𝐴= 𝑥1.15
S𝐵𝐶
Area required (15% extra for backfill) 14.237m²
OTHER BYELAWS
COMBINE FOOTING
In order to obtain uniform soil pressure resultant
passing from centroid & located from c1 𝑝1∗𝑆
x= =
𝑝1 +𝑝2
Calculation of centroid (X) 1292.86mm

X≥s/2, Rectangular footing L=
design
2 ∗ (X + a) =
Length of footing 𝐴 5.586m
B=
Width required 𝐿 2.549m
Provided Width of footing 2.75m
Extra Length beyound centre of Column C2 1656mm
Stress resultants in longitudinal direction
OTHER BYELAWS
COMBINE FOOTING
Treating as wide beam, 𝑝1 +𝑝2
w=
Hence uniform distributed 𝐿
load (upward) 498.7KN/m
Critical section for one way section is located at d
from C2
Critical section shear value 558.4-0.497d
The maximum positive moment at face of C2 683.80KNm
Maximum negative moment occurs x from C1 where shear zero

Hence,x equal to 2.614m
Hence, Maximum negative moment 0KNm
OTHER BYELAWS
0
COMBINE FOOTING
0 1 2 BMD3 4 5 6
-100
-200
-300
-400
-500
1303.5 KN 1482 KN
-600
-700
-800
498.7 KN/m
1.5m 2.43m 1.65m
1000
500
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
-500
SFD
-1000
OTHER BYELAWS
COMBINE FOOTING
Thickness of footing based on shear
Assume Thickness 575mm
a)One-way shear (longitudinal):Vu1
Assume Tensile % 0.12%
Permissible shear stress value from IS 456:2000, 0.28N/mm²
Hence, Required depth of footing 570.281mm
Hence,Provided depth of footing 600mm
b)Two-Way shear
The critical section is located d/2 from the periphery of C1 & C2
Factored soil pressure 181.345KN/m²
Shear at column C1 1132KN
Shear at column C2 1310KN
OTHER BYELAWS
COMBINE FOOTING
Limiting Two- way shear stress
(0.25*ks*(√fck)) 1.118N/mm²
Shear stress at column C1 0.936N/mm²
Shear stress at column C2 1.084N/mm²
Fail in two way shear, increase depth
Overall Depth of footing 658mm
Check for base pressure
Net pressure in soil from 137KN/m²
footing(Loading,selfweight,and
backfill) < SBC
Hence, safe in bearing
OTHER BYELAWS
COMBINE FOOTING
Design of Longitudinal Flexural reinforcement
Maximum negative moment 0KNm
value of R (Mu/Bd²) 0N/mm²
Required tensile reinforcement percentage 0%
Tensile reinforcement % (maximum of assume and calculated)
Hence required tensile percentage 0.12%
Minimum Reinforcement required 2171.4mm²
Calculate reinforcement 1980mm²
Minimum Reinforced should be provided
No. of bar required for longitudinal Rebar 11Nos
Spacing of bar 263mm
Spacing of bar provided 150mm
Provide 16 mm bar dia having spacing 150 mm C/C at top
Development Length Minimum 906.25mm
OTHER BYELAWS
COMBINE FOOTING
The maximum positive moment at face of C2 683.801KNm
value of R (Mu/Bd²) 0.691N/mm²
Required tensile reinforcement percentage 0.166%
Required tensile reinforcement percentage
(maximum of assume and calculated)
Calculate reinforcement 2739mm²
provided reinforced equal to calculated
No. of bar required for longitudinal
reinforcement 14Nos
Spacing of bar provided 150
Provide 16 mm bar dia having spacing 150 mm C/C at bottom
OTHER BYELAWS
COMBINE FOOTING
Design of column strips as transverse beam
Dia of bar Selection 16mm
a)Transverse beam under column C1:
Factored Load per unit length of beam 474KN/m
Projection of beam beyond column face 1175mm
Maximum moment at column face: 327.208KNm
Effective depth for transverse beam 584mm
Width of beam 1300mm
No. of bar required for longitudinal Rebar 7Nos
Provide 16 mm bar dia having spacing 150 mm C/C
OTHER BYELAWS
COMBINE FOOTING
Transfer of force at column base
For column C1
Limiting bearing stress at
i)column face =0.45xfck 9N/mm²
ii)Footing face = 0.45xfckxsqrt(A1/A2) 18N/mm²
As the column is not located at the edge of the footing,A1 1000000mm²
Limiting bearing resistance at column footing interface

Fbr 1440KN
Fbr>Pu1, Hence Full force Transfer Can be achieved without the need for
reinforcement across the interface , Minimum four column bar should be
doubled
OTHER BYELAWS
COMBINE FOOTING
a)Transverse beam under column C2:
Factored Load per unit length of beam 538.909KN/m
Projection of beam beyound column face 1175mm
Maximum moment at column face: 372.015KNm
Effective depth for transverse beam 584mm
Width of beam 1300mm
No. of bar required for longitudinal reinforcement 8Nos

Provide 16 mm bar dia having spacing 150 mm C/C

OTHER BYELAWS
COMBINE FOOTING
Transfer of force at column base
For column C2
Limiting bearing stress at
i)column face =0.45xfck 9N/mm²
ii)Footing face = 0.45xfckxsqrt(A1/A2) 18N/mm²
As the column is not located at the edge of the footing,A1 1000000mm²
Limiting bearing resistance at column footing interface

Fbr 1440KN
Fbr>Pu1, Hence Full force Transfer Can be achieved

without the need for reinforcement across the interface ,
Minimum four column bar should be doubled
OTHER BYELAWS
Concrete grade, M 20
Steel grade, Fe 500
ISOLATED
Axial Load 1215kN FOOTING
UnfactoredAxial load,
810kN
kN
Mx, kNm 0kNm
My, kNm 0kNm
Column size, b 400mm
Column size, d 400mm
SBC of soil, kN/m2 150kN/m2
Design factor 1.5
Pressure:Axial load 810kN
App. Self weight 81kN
Total weight P 891kN
OTHER BYELAWS
ISOLATED FOOTING
Area of footing = P/ SBC 5.94m2
size of footing, Bf 2.5m
size of footing, Df 2.5m
Provided Area 6.25m2 safe
Projection, b1 = (BF - b)/2 1.050m
Projection, d1 = (Df - d)/2 1.050m
Footing Pressure, AT Bottom
Since the moment at support are very Less and Its value Ignored,
Only Compression force (Axial Load) Gives Unifrom compressive
Stress
Pmax = P/A + My/Zy + Mz/Zz
Pmax =σ 129.60kN/m2
Pmin = P/A - My/Zy - Mz/Zz
Pmin 129.60kN/m2
OTHER BYELAWS
ISOLATED FOOTING
Where Zy and Zz are section modulus of
footing slab
Zy=Bf*Df²/6 = 2.604m³
Zz=Df*Bf²/6 = 2.604m³
Eccentricity:
Since the uniform bottom stress so all the section lies on compression stress
Width b 2.5m
Factored Bottom stress qu = 1.5* σ 194.4kN/m2
Eff. qu 194.4kN/m2
One way Shear : At distance d from face of
column.
Shear pt assumed 0.2% From Table 19
Check Designed shear stress 0.33N/mm2
vu 315.9
d= 389.24mm
d provided 400.00mm safe
OTHER BYELAWS
ISOLATED FOOTING
Two way Shear : At distance d/2 from
face of column.
Perimeter 3200mm
S.F. at this section 1,090.58kN
Ks 1.00
tc 1.12N/mm2
tv 0.85N/mm2
Resistance 1,431.08N/mm2 Safe
OTHER BYELAWS
ISOLATED FOOTING
Flexure design:
For section efbg
pressure@f 194.40kN/m2
pressure@b 194.40kN/m2
Moment@eg. Meg = σ*Df*d12/2 107.16kNm
Design moment Mu 107.16kNm
d provided= √Mu/K*fck*Bf 400.00mm
Mu/bd2 0.67N/mm2
pt 0.160%
Lesser than assume value 0.200%
pt provided 0.200
Ast 800.0mm2/m width
provide 16#@150c/c
Ast Provided 1206mm2/m width
Safe
OTHER BYELAWS
ISOLATED FOOTING
Check in other direction :
For section abcd
pressure@b 194.40kN/m2
pressure@c 194.40kN/m2
Moment@ad, Mad = σ*Df*b12/2 107.16kNm
Mu 107.16kNm
d req = √Mu/K*fck*Df 200.70mm
M/bd2 0.67
Pt from Mu = 0.87fyAst (d-fyAst/Fck*Bf) 0.160%
Lesser than assume value 0.200%
Now,
pt provided 0.200
mm2/m
Ast 800
width
provide 16#@150c/c
Ast provided 1206mm2
OTHER BYELAWS
Staircase
OTHER BYELAWS
Staircase
OTHER BYELAWS
The floor ht of the building 3m

Size of staircase in
Going Direction 5.1m
perpendicular to going 4.4m
Type of staircase Dogleg
width of the staircase 2.1m
width of the Tread 0.3m
Height of the riser 0.15m
No of riser required 20No
No of tread in each flight 9No
Actual ht. of riser 0.15m
Spacing remaining 0.01m
Unit wt. of Step 25KN/m³
OTHER BYELAWS
Design process
Grade of steel 500N/mm²
Grade of concrete 20N/mm²
Width of landing beam 0.25m
Landing Width(L1) 2m
Bottom Landing Width (BL1) 0.39m
Effective span 5.1m
Assume waist slab thickness 0.2m
Clear cover provided 20mm
Dia of main bar provided 16mm
Hence effective depth of waist slab 0.18m
Slab thickness of landing (slightly
less than waist slab) 200mm
OTHER BYELAWS
Loads on going
Self wt. of waist slab = γ*D*√T²+R²/T = 5.59KN/m²
self wt. of waist steps = γ*R/2 1.875KN/m²
surface finish load 1.465KN/m²
Live loads on stair 4KN/m²
Factored load 19.395KN/m²
Loads on landing
Self wt. of waist slab = γ*D 5KN/m²
Factored load 15.698KN/m²
OTHER BYELAWS
Calculation of design moment for

Second Flight
15.698 19.395 KN/m² 15.698 KN/m²
KN/m²
R1 0.39m 2.71m 2m R2
Reaction R1 46.621KN/m
Point of maximum moment from
R1 i.e. Zero Shear Force 2.478m
KNm/
Design moment 59.271m
Area Required in tension Zone 859.664mm²/m
Provide Spacing Of bar 150mm
Hence, Dia of 16 mm bar providing having spacing
150mm
OTHER BYELAWS
Distributors
Area Required for distributors 240mm²/m
Dia of Distribution bar provided 10mm
Hence, Dia. of 10 mm bar providing having spacing
150mm
Check for shear
Check for shear at face of slab
Hence, shear force at face 46.621KN/m
Shear stress develop τv 0.233N/mm²
Permissible shear stress τc 0.587N/mm²
Hence safe in shear
OTHER BYELAWS
Distributors
Area Required for distributors 240mm²/m
Dia of Distribution bar provided 10mm
Hence, Dia. of 10 mm bar providing having spacing
150mm
Check for shear
Check for shear at face of slab
Hence, shear force at face i.e. Reaction 46.621KN/m
Shear stress develop τv = V/b*d 0.233N/mm²
Permissible shear stress τc From IS 456 0.587N/mm²
Hence safe in shear
OTHER BYELAWS
Check For Deflection

Basic Value 20
Modification factor (ϒ) 1.15
Required Depth for waist Slab 130mm
Check for Development Length:
Design bond stress (‫ح‬bd) , IS 456:2000 1.92N/mm²
Development Length for 16 ǿ bar
Ld=ǿσs/4τbd 906.25mm
Moment of resistance of 16 mm bar
M=0.87fyAst(provided)[d-
fyAst(provided)/(fck*b)] 44.904KNm/m
Shear Force (V) 46.621KN/m
Lo=effective depth or 12ǿ,whichever is
greater= 200mm
Ld<=1.3M/V+Lo = 1452.122mm
Hence safe in development length
OTHER BYELAWS
Session 1:NBC 206 :Architectural

Design Requirements
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OTHER BYELAWS
Classification of Building
• Group A: Residential
• Group B: Assembly
• Group C: Educational
• Group D: Hospitals & Clinic
• Group E: Commercial
• Group F: Office
• Group G: Industries
• Group H: Storage
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OTHER BYELAWS
General Exit requirement
• The maximum travel distance to exits or stairways from

any point within the single floor level n: 30m
• All exits shall be free of obstructions.

• reached without passing through another enclosed
occupied area except in case of residential and apartment
buildings
• All exit components shall be properly illuminated as far as
possible
5/23/2022 3
OTHER BYELAWS
Exit Doors
• exit door, inclusive of frame, shall be less than 1m in width
and 2.1m in height
• Residential Building :0.9m in width by 2m height
• two doors shall be provided if the no of occupants in the

room is greater than 50.
• Exit doorway of Assembly buildings shall be openable

without a key from the inner side
• The doors shall not obstruct the passages and staircase

landings when open.
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OTHER BYELAWS
Exit Doors
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OTHER BYELAWS
Exit Doors
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OTHER BYELAWS
Exit Doors
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OTHER BYELAWS
Width of the Corridors, passageways, Staircase and ramps
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OTHER BYELAWS
General Staircase Requirements

• For all buildings above 500sq.m in plinth area there shall be
at least two staircases. Additional exit route shall be
provided for every 500sq.m of plinth area there on.
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OTHER BYELAWS
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OTHER BYELAWS
Plinth
Minimum plinth height shall be 450mm from the existing road
level for all buildings.
• Height
• 2.4m measured from the surface of the floor to the lowest point
of the ceiling [bottom of slab]
• The minimum clear head room : 2.1 m
• For Office and Commercial building the minimum floor height

shall be 2.9m
• Floor heights for Assembly, Hospitals, Educational and Industrial

buildings shall not be less than 3.2m for Hill &Mountain region
and 3.6m for Terai region.
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OTHER BYELAWS
Light &Ventilations
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OTHER BYELAWS
General Staircase Requirements

• For all buildings above 500sq.m in plinth area there shall be
at least two staircases. Additional exit route shall be
provided for every 500sq.m of plinth area there on.
5/23/2022 13
OTHER BYELAWS
Lift
• All the buildings above 5 stories or 16m in height.
• at least two lifts shall be made for high rise building [above
8 stories or 25m in height].
• A fireman’s lift shall have loading capacity of not less than

500kg [8 persons]. The lift car of the fire lift shall have floor
area not less than 1.44sq.m.
5/23/2022 14
OTHER BYELAWS
Lift
5/23/2022 15
OTHER BYELAWS
Basements
• Basement floor shall not be used for residential purpose
• The minimum height of the basement floor shall be 2.4m
• surface drainage doesn’t enter the basement
• Each basement shall be separately ventilated.
• The staircase of the basement shall have fire resistance

value of not less than 2hours.
5/23/2022 16
OTHER BYELAWS
Parking
• The minimum height clearance for indoor parking space
shall not be less than 2.2m.
• For common parking, area allocated for each car shall not
be less than 2.5m X 4.5m.
• Parking area allocated for each bike and scooter shall not
be less than 1.25 sq.m while the same for the cycle shall
not be less than 1 sq.m
• The gradient of ramp leading to parking space for

occupancy type other than A1 and A2 shall not be more
than 1:5.
5/23/2022 17
OTHER BYELAWS
Parking
5/23/2022 18
OTHER BYELAWS
Medium Rise:
5/23/2022 19
OTHER BYELAWS
ACCESSIBILITY FOR DISABLED
5/23/2022 20
OTHER BYELAWS
Category 1: Minimally Accessible

• All government & semi-government public buildingsand
dormitories with plinth area below 100sq.m.
• At least one entrance of category 1 public building

shall be accessible to the wheelchair bound people
• Ramps
• Minimum gradient of1:8 [7 degrees]for the difference in
height not more than 450mm
• Minimum gradient of 1:12 [5 degrees]for the difference
in height more than 450mm
5/23/2022 21
OTHER BYELAWS
Category 1: Minimally Accessible

• Shall have level platforms for every1.5m of vertical rise.
The level platform shall not be less than 1.2m in length
and the same width as the ramp.
• Minimum width of ramp shall be 1m.
• Shall have at least 1 toilet with Commode
• Shall have door with minimum clear opening of 800mm
5/23/2022 22
OTHER BYELAWS
Category 2: Partially Accessible

• All government and semi-government buildings with
plinth area between 100sq.m& 500sq.m
• All forms of Health posts and Hospitals under sub group

D1 [less than 25 beds]
• Commercial &Office buildings with plinth area

between250sq.m & 500sq.m
• All secondary level school (more than class 5)
• To all assembly buildings with occupancy higher than

500 person
5/23/2022 23
OTHER BYELAWS

Sanitary Facilities
• Should have at least 1 water closet for the wheel

chaired bound person that is at minimum
✓900mm wide
✓1600mm deep
✓Shall have Commode
✓Shall have door with minimum clear opening of 800mm
5/23/2022 24
OTHER BYELAWS

Every halls above capacity of 500 should be able to
accommodate min of 3 wheel chaired person for every
500 people
Lifts
• The minimum required size of disabled accessible lift
are provided under part 2.2.4
• All lifts shall have audible sound to enable easy

movement for the visually impaired.
• Height of the controls from the floor level of the lift car
shall be at most 1066mm
5/23/2022 25
OTHER BYELAWS
Category 3: Fully Accessible

• All Hospital under Sub-Group D2 [more than 25 beds]
• All public building with plinth above 500sq.m
• Commercial & Office buildings with plinth area above

500sq.m
• For every 20 toilet compartments, there should be 1 full

disabled accessible toilet.
• Symbol indicating disabled accessibility
• Lift should fulfill the minimum requirements for disabled

accessibility
5/23/2022 26
OTHER BYELAWS
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OTHER BYELAWS
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OTHER BYELAWS
5/23/2022 29
OTHER BYELAWS
5/23/2022 30
OTHER BYELAWS
5/23/2022 31
OTHER BYELAWS
5/23/2022 32
OTHER BYELAWS
THANK YOU
5/23/2022 33
OTHER BYELAWS
Session 2:NBC 207 :ELECTRICAL DESIGN

REQUIREMENTS for
(PUBLIC BUILDINGS)
5/23/2022 1
OTHER BYELAWS
General Requirements
• The installation shall generally be carried out in conformity

with the Electricity Act 2049 as amended up to date and the
Electricity rules 2050 framed thereunder and also the
relevant regulations of Electricity supply authority concerned
as amended from time to time
• For practices of electrical wiring, definitions, design &

construction and inspection & testing of installation, IS 732,
732 (part 1) 1982, 732 (part 2) and 1982, 732 (part 3) 1982
shall be referred to respectively.
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OTHER BYELAWS
• While planning an installation, consideration should be taken

of the anticipated increase in the use of electricity for
lighting, general-purpose socket-outlet, kitchen heating, room
heating etc.
• Electrical substations may normally be required in case of

office buildings with a total plinth (covered) area of 5000 m2;
• electrical substation for a group of buildings would be at the

load centre and shall be located on the ground floor
• Room For Stand By Generator
5/23/2022 3
OTHER BYELAWS
Distribution of Supply & Cabling

• Switchgear and fuse gear shall have adequate breaking
capacity in relation to the capacity of the transformers
ultimately to be connected.
• There shall be a circuit-breaker or miniature circuit-

breakers or a load break switch fuse on each live conductor
of the supply mains at the point of entry.
• Energy meters shall be installed in residential buildings at

such a place which is readily accessible to the owner of
the building and the Authority.
5/23/2022 4
OTHER BYELAWS
Rating of Cables & Equipments

• The current-carrying capacity of different types of cables
shall be chosen in accordance with good practice IS 3961-
1967, 1968 and IS 1534 (part 1) 1988 shall be referred to.
• Cable size shall be 1.5, 2.5, 4, 6, 10, 16, 25, 35, 50, 70, 95, 120,
150, 185, 240, 300, 400, 500 mm2 .
• The current ratings of switches for domestic and similar

purposes are 5 A and 15A.
• The current ratings of isolators and normal duty switches and

composite units of switches and fuses shall be selected from
one of the following values: 6, 10, 16, 25, 32, 63, 100, 160, 200,
320, 400, 500, 630, 800, 1000 and 1250 A. IS 13947-3 shall be
referred.
5/23/2022 5
OTHER BYELAWS
Rating of Cables & Equipments

• The current ratings of miniature circuit breakers shall be
chosen from the values given below: 6, 10, 16, 25, 32, 40, 63,
80 , 100, 125 A. IS 8828-1996
• For specific requirements for lighting of special occupancies,

reference shall be made to good practice. IS 2672-1966; 4347-
1967; 8030-1967 shall be referred to.
• Minimum standard size of wiring cable
• Light circuit --- 2.5 sq.mm PVC insulated copper stranded cable
• Power circuit - 4.0 sq.mm PVC insulated copper stranded

cable.
5/23/2022 6
OTHER BYELAWS
Wiring
• All conductors, switches and accessories shall be of such size
as to be capable of carrying, without their respective ratings
being exceeded,
5/23/2022 7
OTHER BYELAWS
Wiring
• All rigid non-metallic conduits used shall conform to accepted
standards IS1653-1972 and shall be used with corresponding
accessories IS 3419-1977; 9537; 9537 (part 1) 1980. All flexible
nonmetallic conduits shall conform to accepted standards IS
1653-1972,
• Rigid conduit accessories shall be normally of grip type.

Flexible conduit accessories shall be of threaded type.
• All joints shall be sealed cemented with approved cement.
• Suitable precaution shall also be taken to prevent entry of

insects inside the conduit.
5/23/2022 8
OTHER BYELAWS
Wiring
5/23/2022 9
OTHER BYELAWS
Wiring
• After installation all accessible surfaces of metallic
accessories shall be painted.
• The switch box shall be made of either rigid PVC moulding or

mild steel or cast iron on all sides except at the front.
• All outlets such as switches, wall sockets, etc, may be either

flush mounting type or of surface mounting type.
5/23/2022 10
OTHER BYELAWS
Earthing
• The object of an earthing system is to provide as nearly as
possible a system of conductors at a uniform potential and as
nearly zero or absolute earth potential as possible.
• As far as possible, all earth connections shall be visible for

inspection and shall be carefully made;
• The earthing of electrical installations for non-industrial

buildings shall be done in accordance with good practice IS
3043-1966.
5/23/2022 11
OTHER BYELAWS
Inspection and Testing of Installation

• Before the completed installation, or an addition to the
existing installation, is put into service, inspection and testing
shall be carried out in accordance with the Electricity Rules.
2050.
• On completion of the electric work, initial wiring diagram shall

be verified at actual basis of works and submitted to the
engineer-in-charge or the owner's representative.
• All wiring diagrams shall indicate clearly, the main

switchboard, the runs of various mains and sub mains and the
position of all points and their controls.
5/23/2022 12
OTHER BYELAWS

• On completion of wiring a general inspection shall be carried
out by competent Electrical Engineer in order to verify that the
provisions of this Code and that of Electricity Rules, 2050 have
been complied with.
• All earth connections shall be checked for continuity.
• The operation of the breakers, switches and fueses shall be

tested from all control stations.
• Indication signaling lamps shall be checked for proper

working.
• Contact resistance of main and isolator contacts, cable's

contact etc. shall be measured.
5/23/2022 13
OTHER BYELAWS

• It shall be ensured that the cables conform to the relevant.
Standards. Tests shall also be done in accordance with good
practice IS 1255-1967.
• The insulation resistance shall be measured by applying

between earth and the whole system of conductor or any
section thereof with all fuses in place and all switches closed,
• Control rheostats, heating and power appliances and electric

signs, may, if desired, be disconnected from the circuit during
the test,
• The earth resistance of each electrode shall be measured.

Earth resistance of earthing grid shall be measured.
5/23/2022 14
OTHER BYELAWS
Completion Certificate
On completion of an electrical installation (or an extension to
an installation) a certificate shall be furnished by the
contractor, counter-signed by the certified electrical engineer
under whose direct supervision the installation was carried out.
This certificate shall be in a prescribed form.
5/23/2022 15
OTHER BYELAWS
THANK YOU
5/23/2022 16
OTHER BYELAWS
Session 3:NBC 208:2003

SANITARY AND PLUMBING DESIGN
REQUIREMENTS
5/23/2022 1
OTHER BYELAWS
Water Supply Requirements for Buildings
5/23/2022 2
OTHER BYELAWS
Water Supply Requirements for Buildings
5/23/2022 3
OTHER BYELAWS
General Water Storage Tanks
• Water tanks should be strong enough to take the vertical load

and the natural pressure of water when full, and also the
negative pressure within the tanks when the water in drawn out.
• Water tank should be water tight and constructed with non-

corrosive, nontoxic materials and should have smooth surface
inside.
• Water tanks must have at least one number of manhole of size

450mmx450mm for access and repairs, together with a locking
arrangement and corrosion resistant steps, catch-rings or
ladders to reach the bottom for cleaning purpose and
maintenance.
5/23/2022 4
OTHER BYELAWS
General Water Storage Tanks
• Water tanks should have an over flow pipe/scour pipe/washout

pipe
• The overflow pipes or vent shafts if provided shall have a wire

gauge cover of 1.5 mm mesh properly screwed tight to the
opening to prevent the entry of mosquitoes, vermin, insects etc.
• The top of the tank shall be so leveled as to prevent any

stagnation of water on top.
5/23/2022 5
OTHER BYELAWS
Underground Storage
• For normal buildings with a reliable public supply, underground

storage capacity is taken at 12-24 hours of the average daily
water demand.
• Underground tanks should be built watertight and should not leak

when empty or full. There should be no possibility of any ingress
of subsoil water.
• Underground tanks should not be located in low-lying areas

which may permit entry of surface water from the top. The
manhole cover shall be raised 30 cm above the highest flood level
in the locality or ground level whichever is higher.
5/23/2022 6
OTHER BYELAWS
Underground Storage
• Underground tanks should not be located in low-lying areas

which may permit entry of surface water from the top. The
manhole cover shall be raised 30 cm above the highest flood level
in the locality or ground level whichever is higher.
• The top slab, the walls and the base should all be designed to
take the possible load of traffic, natural pressure of soil from
sides and bulging pressure from the base when empty, and the
water pressure when full.
5/23/2022 7
OTHER BYELAWS
Overhead Storage
5/23/2022 8
OTHER BYELAWS
Underground Storage
• If placed on terraces the tank bottom should be clear off
the terrace level to avoid overloading the structural slab,
leakages and to make easy for future maintenance work. In
tall buildings, security rail or wall on the top slab must be
provided for safety of maintenance staff.
• Lightning arresters must be provided as per the

recommended practice on top of tanks in high rise
buildings.
• Tanks fabricated from galvanized or mild steel sheets

should be protected against corrosion from water by
painting both on the inside and outside with suitable paints.
5/23/2022 9
OTHER BYELAWS
Distribution System and Pipe Work

The sizes of pipes depend on
a) the maximum rate of discharge required;
b) the length of pipes;
c) the head loss due to friction in that length and
d) the roughness of the interior surface of the pipe.
5/23/2022 10
OTHER BYELAWS

• least a residual head of 0.018 N/mm2 (1.81kg./cm2) at the
consumer's tap.
• laid or fixed and maintained as to remain completely water

tight, thereby avoiding wastage, damage to property and the
risk of any contamination.
• The cover for the water main shall be at least 1.20 M. under
National Highways,other roads 1.0m and 0.90M in the case of
footpaths.
• The service pipe shall pass into or beneath the buildings at a

depth of not less that 75 cm below the outside ground level.
5/23/2022 11
OTHER BYELAWS

• Distribution pipes shall be made of any of the following
materials like galvanized iron (GI Pipe) of medium class only.
• hydraulically tested to a pressure of 0.5 N /mm2 (5kgf /cm2) or

twice the working pressure whichever in greater for a period
of at least half an hour after steady state is reached.
• The storage tanks and pipes shall first be filled with water and
thoroughly flushed out. The storage tank shall be filled with
water again and a disinfecting chemical containing chlorine
added gradually while the tanks are being filled to ensure
thorough mixing.
5/23/2022 12
OTHER BYELAWS
Fire Fighting Provision

• For water supply for wet riser system a storage tank should be
available with arrangement for replenishment of water supply
through public supply mains or by an alternate source of
supply at the rate of about 1000 ltr/minute
• The storage should last for 90-120 minutes at a nominal

pumping rate of 2400 ltr/minute.
• no part of the floor is more than 6 metres from the hose nozzle
when the hose reel in fully extended.
5/23/2022 13
OTHER BYELAWS
Fire Fighting Provision

• There should be constant supply of water not less than 23
litres per minute through a nozzle of not less than 6.5 mm size
for half an hour when upto 3 hose reels are operated.
• This water supply should be independent of domestic supply
• connections.
• A pressure of at least 3 kg/cm2 should be available at the

highest hydrant outlet.
5/23/2022 14
OTHER BYELAWS
Hydrant System
• Hydrant station is provided to serve an area of 926- 1000 sq.m.
It is advisable of place it in fire-protected areas near each fire
escape staircase or lobby so that it can be located easily.
• A minimum of two hydrants shall be provided in the courtyard.
• The terrace tank & pump need not be provided if automatic

pump at ground level can be maintained satisfactorily.
• The size of riser shall be as under
i) Apartment buildings upto 45 m. height---100 mm. with single

two hydrant outlets and hose reel on each floor.
ii) Non apartment buildings up to 24 m. height---100 mm. with

single hydrant outlet and hose reel on each floor.
5/23/2022 15
OTHER BYELAWS
Waste Water Disposal

• All pipes are to be adequately sized and sloped for effective disposal
of waste. Branches and stacks which receive discharge from WC
pan should not be less than 100mm except where the outlet from
siphonic WC is 80mm in which case a branch pipe of 80mm may be
used; for outlet of the floor trap 75mm dia may be used.
• All piping system is to be fully ventilated to allow for the removal of

foul gases. Access to the atmosphere also maintains an equilibrium
in the system, thereby avoiding negative pressure and retardation of
flow in the pipes.
• No connections and cross connections are to be made between the

water supplies and the drainage system in order to avoid all
possibilities of back flow and contamination.
5/23/2022 16
OTHER BYELAWS

• Vertical stacks must continue to roof level as vent pipes
without diminishing in diameter.
• Bends and junctions should be smooth and rounded with

access doors or clean out plugs wherever necessary.
• Pipes used must be strong enough to withstand the internal

pressure of the liquid carried and the external pressures to
which it may be subjected particularly if buried.
• Toilet layouts must be planned so that they are grouped

together in an orderly manner, then allowing easy and direct
connection from fixture to vertical stacks or manholes.
5/23/2022 17
OTHER BYELAWS

• There should be at least one water tap and arrangement for
drainage in the vicinity of each water closet or group of water
closets in all buildings.
• Each family dwelling unit on premises or any other structure

for human occupancy abutting on a sewer or with a private
sewage disposal system shall have at least one water closet
and one kitchen type sink.
• Where only one water closet is provided in a dwelling, the bath

and water closet shall be separately accommodated.
• A soil pipe conveying to a drain any solid or liquid, shall be

circular and shall have a minimum diameter of 100mm.
5/23/2022 18
OTHER BYELAWS
5/23/2022 19
OTHER BYELAWS
THANK YOU
5/23/2022 20
OTHER BYELAWS
Session 4:NBC 107 :1994 PROVISIONAL

RECOMMENDATION ON
FIRE SAFETY
5/23/2022 1
OTHER BYELAWS
Terminology
• IMPORTANT BUILDINGS
• those buildings which either house facilities essential before

and after disaster (eg, hospitals, fire and police stations,
communication centres, etc), or which by their very purpose
have to house several persons at one time (eg, cinema halls,
schools, convention centres, etc), or will have national and
international importance (eg, palaces, etc), or which house
hazardous facilities (eg, toxic or explosive facilities, etc).
• ORDINARY BUILDINGS are the buildings, which do not come

under the category of important buildings. They include
commercial and office buildings
5/23/2022 2
OTHER BYELAWS
Fire Places
• All buildings having a kitchen should be provided with a

fireplace and a chimney in order to reduce the possibilities of
the occurrence of accidental fire.
• Timber construction should not be placed near the fire place,

nor should it remain exposed in the vicinity of fire.
5/23/2022 3
OTHER BYELAWS
Fire Extinguishers
• Occupants are encouraged to install appropriate portable fire

extinguishers in their building.
• Where open hearth or kerosene stoves are used for cooking,

sufficient water should be stored in containers for emergency
use in case of fire.
5/23/2022 4
OTHER BYELAWS
Fire Zones
• In urban areas, the demarcation of fire zones should be
carried out in consultation with the relevant municipal
authority as and when deemed necessary.
• These shall conform to the requirements specified by the

Department of Urban Development and Building
Construction or any other agency responsible for
developing and demarcating such fire zones..
5/23/2022 5
OTHER BYELAWS
• Every building should have an access as defined by
Architectural Design Requirements (NBC 206)
• The entry door shall be as defined by Architectural Design

Requirements (NBC 206) and should be sufficiently wide and
tall so that easy access in available to the fire man.
• All buildings should have sufficient ways as defined by

Architectural Design Requirements (NBC 206)
• The front entrance should have enough open space as defined

by Architectural Design Requirements (NBC 206) so that a
number of people can gather and contribute in extinguishing
the fire, if any.
5/23/2022 6
OTHER BYELAWS
Exit Requirements
• be able to allow the evacuation of all the occupants in a
relatively short time;
• meet the minimum requirements as to size;
• be free of any obstructions and shall not provide any

resistance to movement;
• be clearly visible, preferably with proper signs;
• be continuous and shall not intrude into private space.
5/23/2022 7
OTHER BYELAWS
Exit Requirements
• The number of stairs in any building, especially when it
exceeds 500 square metres in plinth area, shall be a minimum
of two, one internal and the other an external fire escape
• Every building more than five storeys high shall have a

separate fire escape having a minimum width of 75 cm.
5/23/2022 8
OTHER BYELAWS
Exit Doors
• Exit doors shall open to a passageway or to a corridor.
• They should open outwards, but without restricting the

movement of people passing outside the door.
• The maximum distance of such an exit doorway from any point

in a passage shall be 20 m.
• The exit doorway shall neither be smaller than 90 cm in width,

nor 180 cm in height.
5/23/2022 9
OTHER BYELAWS
Access to a Building
• It shall comply with all applicable zoning requirements and by-
laws of the local planning and building authority.
• The access leading to a building should preferably be by a

road at least four metres wide, and no such road should lead
to a dead end.
5/23/2022 10
OTHER BYELAWS
Lightning Arresters/Conductors
• A lightning arrester shall be located in the highest part of
every building and it shall be connected by a conductor to an
earth rod buried in the earth.
• The lightning arrester shall be so located that as much as

possible of the building lies inside the surface of an imaginary
cone having a vertex angle of 45 degrees and its apex at the
top of the arrester,
5/23/2022 11
OTHER BYELAWS
THANK YOU
5/23/2022 12

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TRAINING PROGRAM ON REVISED NEPAL NATIONAL BUILDING CODE AND

Session 1:Inauguration and

• Brief introduction about Training

• Training rules and regulations

• Follow the trainer Instruction

• Move towards the safe place

Introduction (Participants & Trainer)

• Training (Eg: ToT):

Salient Features of Project

• Provide knowledge on Current code practices and

• Provide knowledge on seismicity and seismic risk of

• Provide knowledge on earthquake resistant design

• Provide know-how in the field of earthquake

• Provide knowledge on Design of RC frame as well as load

• Identify structural and non-structural mitigation measures

• Discuss the need and necessity of Nepal National Building

• Identify the major flaws in the prevalent practice of

• Make a good judgement in structural performance of

• Build confidence and carry structural analysis and design

• Generate keen interest among the engineering fraternity in

• Provide knowledge on related byelaws.

Session 1:108: Site

SITE CONSIDERATION FOR SEISMIC

✓ Seismic hazard, hazard associated with

✓ Nepal is situated in the boundary of Two

SITE CONSIDERATION FOR SEISMIC

✓ Major faults system Main Central Thrust,

✓ Dispicts The major fault also 92 active

SITE CONSIDERATION FOR SEISMIC

✓ Statistics of past earthquake occurrence

✓ occurrence of about 17% of largest

✓ Approximately 95% of earthquake occurs in

Seismic Faults including Geological

5/23/2022 Bhusal et al 2022 5

• Failure by inertia force

• Landslides and Rock Fall

• Effect on Building (Inertia Force)

Consideration of Potential Fault Rupture

• Important building or structure, it shall be

• Areas closer than 500 m to the trace of an

Consideration of Potential Liquefaction

• Liquefaction of subsurface soil occurs when groundwater

• Eastern Terai experienced wide-spread occurences of

• Terai and on alluvial river banks within the mountainous

Consideration of Potential Landslides

• All major earthquakes in mountainous terrain

• Locating an important building on sloping

Consideration of Potential Landslides

Is there any danger of inherent natural

Will the construction adversely affect the

What will be the extent of settlement of the

Is the sub-surface capable of taking the load

What are the possible engineering solutions

Extent of Site Exploration

Depend upon the geological and

Generally, the exploration should be carried

Allowable Bearing Pressure

The allowable bearing pressure should be

The design of foundations shall be carried

● ETABS is an Engineering software product that caters to

• Fully integrated interface within Windows

• Fast generation of model using

• Multiple views in 3D perspective with zooming and snapping

Now, UDL on Partition wall under Beam = Ƴ(H-D)t