Seeleys Essentials of Anatomy and

Physiology 9th Edition VanPutte

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CHAPTER 5
INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
CHAPTER OVERVIEW
This chapter relates the structure and function of the skin, and associated glands, nails, and hair.
The use of the integumentary system as a diagnostic aid and the functions of the skin are
discussed. The chapter also presents important corollary topics, such as skin color, burns,
diseases of the skin, and effects of aging on the skin.

STUDENT LEARNING OUTCOMES

After reading this chapter, the student should be able to:

5.01A. Describe the general functions of the integumentary system.

5.02A. Describe the structure and function of the epidermis.
5.02B. Describe the epidermal strata, and relate them to the process of keratinization.

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5.02C. Describe the structure and discuss the function of the dermis.
5.02D. Explain how melanin, blood, carotene, and collagen affect skin color.
5.03A. Describe the structure and discuss the function of the subcutaneous tissue.
5.04A. Describe the structure of a hair, and discuss the phases of hair growth.
5.04B. Name the glands of the skin, and describe the secretions they produce.
5.04C. Describe the parts of a nail, and explain how nails grow.
5.05A. Discuss the specific functions of skin, hair, glands, and nails.
5.06A. Explain how the integumentary system can be used as a diagnostic aid.
5.07A. Classify burns on the basis of the amount of skin damage produced.
5.08A. Name and define the types of skin cancer.
5.09A. List the changes the integumentary system undergoes with age.

KEY POINTS TO EMPHASIZE WHEN TEACHING THE INTEGUMENTARY

SYSTEM

Relationship between structure and function:

Because the skin is the outermost layer of the body, the relationships between structure and
function are easier to demonstrate than many other organ systems. Protection is the most
obvious function. The systems pathology section on burns is a good topic for beginning a
discussion of the kinds of things that occur in the body if the skin is removed or severely
damaged, and how some of these problems can be treated/prevented. Reporting (or having
students report) on new advancements in synthetic skin replacement materials can make the
discussion more interesting. Students can be asked to think about the priorities being addressed.

Homeostasis:
A very good topic for demonstrating homeostasis and negative feedback in the integumentary
system is the function of temperature regulation. Several active learning topics are possible,
including linking visible changes in skin color to the vascular and skin cell changes that occur
when a person is hot, cold, or very cold (frostbite). Regulation of the sweat glands may be a bit
premature. This topic can be revisited both in the autonomic nervous system and in the
discussion of metabolism and body temperature in chapter 17.
Nearly all students are interested in skin conditions; there are many possibilities for discussion or
other active student learning. As the outermost layer of the body, a multitude of disease
organisms and environmental conditions affect the skin. Not only do bacteria, viruses, and fungi
directly infect the skin, but some viruses such as measles, chicken pox, and herpes live internally
and use the skin for spreading the virus. Students should note that the skin is not only subject to
many disease conditions, but it is also important as a barometer of an individual's general health.
General color and texture of the skin can indicate a wide range of physiological conditions.

Change through time:

Contrasting normal discontinuous growth of hair (and routine hair loss) with male pattern
baldness might be of interest to some students. Discussions of the mechanism of action of
potential baldness cures will reinforce some notions of programmed cell death and tissue
changes associated with aging. Likewise, the delay in appearance of some body hair until
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puberty can reinforce the role of hormones in controlling cell function.

Cell theory and biochemistry:

Students can explore the relationship between UV light and melanocytes as a negative feedback
system at the cellular level for protection against excessive cellular damage. The mechanisms
and consequences of excessive radiation exposure can support previous discussion of the
importance of DNA to normal cell function.

CONTENT OUTLINE
Topic Page(s) Figures
and Tables
5.1. Functions of the Integumentary System 94-95
A. Protection
B. Sensation
C. Vitamin D production
D. Temperature regulation
E. Excretion
5.2. Skin 95-98 Fig. 5.1, p. 95
Fig. 5.2, p. 96
A. Epidermis

1. Stratum basale

2. Changing cell layers

Fig. 5.2, p. 96
3. Stratum corneum Fig. 5.3, p. 97
a) Callus
b) Corn
B. Dermis
1. Cleavage lines Fig. 5.4, p. 97

2. Striae
3. Dermal papillae
C. Skin color
1. Melanocytes and melanin

2. Carotene
3. Blood flow
A Case In Point: “Injections” 96
Clinical Impact: “Adaptive Advantages of Skin Color” 98
5.3 Subcutaneous Tissue 98-99 Fig. 5.1, p. 95
5.4. Accessory Skin Structures 99-101 Fig. 5.5, p. 99
A. Hair

1. Anatomy
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 2. Growth Fig. 5.6, p. 100
B. Arrector pili muscles
C. Glands

1. Sebaceous glands Fig. 5.7, p. 101

2. Eccrine sweat glands
3. Apocrine sweat glands
D. Nails

1. Anatomy
2. Growth
Microbes in Your Body: “Using Bacteria to Fight Bacteria” 100
Clinical Impact: “Acne” 102
5.5. Physiology of the Integumentary System 101-103
A. Protection
B. Sensation
C. Vitamin D production
D. Temperature regulation Fig. 5.8, p. 102

E. Excretion
5.6. The Integumentary System as a Diagnostic Aid 103
A. Cyanosis
B. Jaundice
C. Rashes and lesions
D. Nutritional status
5.7. Burns 103-106 Fig. 5.9, p. 103

A. First-degree burns
B. Second-degree burns

C. Third-degree (full thickness) burns

SYSTEMS PATHOLOGY: “BURNS” 104-105
5.8. Skin Cancer 106 Fig. 5.10, p. 106

A. Basal cell carcinoma

B. Squamous cell carcinoma
C. Malignant melanoma
5.9. Effects of Aging on the Integumentary System 106
Diseases and Disorders: “Skin” 107

Learning Outcomes Correlation with Question Types

Question Type Question # Bloom's level Learning Outcome

Learn to Predict 1 Analysis 5.2d,5.7a
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 Predict 2 Application 5.2a
Predict 3 Application 5.2d
Predict 4 Analysis 5.4a
Predict 5 Application 5.5a
Predict 6 Analysis 5.7a
Review/Comp 1 Knowledge 5.2a,c
Review/Comp 2 Comprehension 5.2a
Knowledge
Review/Comp 3 5.2b
Comprehension
Review/Comp 4 Comprehension 5.2c
Knowledge
Review/Comp 5 5.2d
Comprehension
Review/Comp 6 Comprehension 5.2d
Review/Comp 7 Comprehension 5.2d
Review/Comp 8 Comprehension 5.3a
Review/Comp 9 Knowledge 5.4a
Review/Comp 10 Comprehension 5.4a
Review/Comp 11 Knowledge 5.4a
Review/Comp 12 Comprehension 5.4a
Review/Comp 13 Comprehension 5.4b
Review/Comp 14 Analysis 5.4b
Knowledge
Review/Comp 15 5.4c
Comprehension
Review/Comp 16 Comprehension 5.5a
Review/Comp 17 Knowledge 5.5a
Review/Comp 18 Comprehension 5.5a
Review/Comp 19 Comprehension 5.5a
Review/Comp 20 Knowledge 5.4b, 5.5a
Knowledge
Review/Comp 21 5.6a
Comprehension
Knowledge
Review/Comp 22 5.7a
Comprehension
Review/Comp 23 Comprehension 5.8a
Review/Comp 24 Comprehension 5.9a
Critical Thinking 1 Application 5.2c
Critical Thinking 2 Analysis 5.2d
Critical Thinking 3 Application 5.4b
Critical Thinking 4 Application 5.4a
Critical Thinking 5 Application 5.4b
Critical Thinking 6 Application 5.5a
Critical Thinking 7 Application 5.2d

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