ASSIGNMENT 1 FRONT SHEET

Qualification BTEC Level 5 HND Diploma in Computing

Unit number and title Computing Fundamental

Submission date 1/4/2023 Date Received 1st submission

4/4/2023
Re-submission Date Date Received 2nd submission

Student Name Bui Thai Duong Student ID BH00626

Class IT 0503 Assessor name Nguyen Thanh Trieu

Student declaration
I certify that the assignment submission is entirely my own work and I fully understand the consequences of plagiarism. I understand that
making a false declaration is a form of malpractice.

Student’s signature Duong

❒ Summative Feedback: ❒ Resubmission Feedback:

Grade: Assessor Signature: Date:

Lecturer Signature:
 Table of Figure

Ⅰ.Introductions ................................................................................................................................................ 3
Ⅱ.Content........................................................................................................................................................ 4
1. Describe the function of the various components of a typical digital computer with the help of a suitable block
diagram............................................................................................................................................................................. 4
A- Motherboard ........................................................................................................................................................... 5
B- CPU .......................................................................................................................................................................... 7
C- GPU ......................................................................................................................................................................... 8
D- RAM ...................................................................................................................................................................... 10
E- Internal memory ................................................................................................................................................... 11
2. Cache memory. .......................................................................................................................................................... 12
A- What is cache memory? ....................................................................................................................................... 12
B- Why is cache needed?.......................................................................................................................................... 14
3. The role of computer operating system ................................................................................................................... 15
A- What is the operating system. ............................................................................................................................. 15
B- Why use an operating system? ............................................................................................................................ 17
C- Functions of an operating system........................................................................................................................ 18
Ⅲ. Conclusion ............................................................................................................................................. 20
Ⅳ. Reference List ........................................................................................................................................ 21

Table of contents of images

Figure 1: computer system ................................................................................................................................................... 4

Figure 2: Mother Board........................................................................................................................................................ 6
Figure 3: CPU components................................................................................................................................................... 8
Figure 4: NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1080 graphics card ..................................................................................................... 10
Figure 5: DDR4 RAM module ........................................................................................................................................... 11
Figure 6: Cache memory .................................................................................................................................................... 14
Figure 7: A diagram of the operating system’s role in managing computer resources ................................................ 17
Figure 8: Functions of an Operating System .................................................................................................................... 19

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Ⅰ.Introductions

The development of computers has a long and fascinating history that dates back
to the early 19th century. At that time, mathematicians and inventors began to
explore the possibility of using machines to automate mathematical calculations,
which were essential for scientific research and other complex tasks.

One of the earliest computing devices was the mechanical calculator, which was
developed in the 1600s and 1700s. These machines used gears and levers to
perform basic arithmetic functions and were used primarily by mathematicians
and scientists.

However, it wasn't until the 1800s that the idea of a general-purpose computing
machine began to take shape. Mathematician Charles Babbage designed a
mechanical computer called the Analytical Engine, which was capable of
performing more complex calculations than any previous device. Although the
machine was never completed, it laid the foundation for modern computer design.

In the early 1900s, the first electronic computers were developed. These machines
used vacuum tubes to perform calculations and were enormous in size. One of the
earliest electronic computers was the Colossus, which was built during World
War II to help break Nazi codes.

However, it wasn't until the invention of the transistor in the 1950s and 1960s that
computers became smaller and more affordable. The transistor, a small electronic
device that could perform the same function as a vacuum tube, allowed for the
creation of smaller and more efficient computers.

In the 1970s, the first personal computers were introduced, which paved the way
for the widespread use of computers in homes and offices. The Apple II,
introduced in 1977, was one of the first personal computers to become popular,
and it helped to launch the personal computer revolution.

The 1980s saw the rise of the microprocessor, a small chip that could perform the
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same functions as a larger computer. This invention led to the creation of smaller
and more powerful computers, including the first laptop computers. The first
laptop, the Osborne 1, was introduced in 1981, and it paved the way for the
modern laptop computers we use today.

The 1990s and 2000s saw the rise of the internet, which revolutionized the way
people use computers. The internet allowed for instant communication and access
to information from around the world. It also led to the development of e-
commerce and other online services.

Today, computers are an integral part of modern society, used in everything from
entertainment and communication to scientific research and business. The
evolution of computer technology has been a long and complex journey, but it has
led to remarkable advancements that have changed the world we live in.

In addition to the development of hardware, software has also played a critical

role in the history of computers. The first computer programs were developed in
the 1950s and 1960s, and they were used to perform basic mathematical functions
and other simple tasks. However, as computers became more powerful, software
became more complex and capable of performing a wider range of functions.

One of the most important software innovations in the history of computers was
the development of the operating system, which is the software that manages the
computer's hardware and software resources. The first operating systems were
developed in the 1950s and 1960s, and they were used primarily by large
businesses and government agencies.

The rise of personal computers in the 1970s and 1980s led to the development of
new operating systems that were designed for home and office use. One of the
most popular operating systems for personal computers was Microsoft Windows,
which was first introduced in 1985 and has remained popular ever since.

In addition to operating systems, software applications have also played a critical

role in the history of computers. The first software applications were

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Ⅱ.Content

1. Describe the function of the various components of a typical digital

computer with the help of a suitable block diagram.

Figure 1: computer system

Computer consists of 5 main parts:

 Motherboard - the main circuit board that connects all the other components of
the computer and enables communication between them.

 Central Processing Unit (CPU) - the "brain" of the computer that processes data
and instructions.

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 Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) - the specialized processor that handles
complex graphical computations and renders images and video.

 Random Access Memory (RAM) - the temporary storage area that the CPU uses
to hold data and programs that are currently in use.

 Internal memory - the storage space on the motherboard or other components

used for short-term storage of data and programs that are currently in use. This
can include cache memory, registers, and other types of specialized memory.

A-Motherboard

 The motherboard is the most essential component of a computer system, as it

serves as the central hub connecting all the other hardware components together.
It is a large printed circuit board that provides a pathway for communication
between the CPU, RAM, storage drives, expansion cards, and other hardware
components.

 One of the key features of the motherboard is the chipset, which is responsible
for controlling the flow of data between the various components. The chipset
manages the input/output operations, data transfer rates, and coordinates the
hardware components to work together effectively. In other words, it ensures
that all the components can communicate with each other and operate
seamlessly.

 The motherboard also contains the Basic Input/Output System (BIOS), which is
a small amount of firmware that initializes the hardware during startup. The
BIOS helps the computer to recognize and configure hardware devices such as
hard drives, USB drives, and other peripherals. It also provides basic settings for
the system, such as boot order and system time.

 Another important feature of the motherboard is its expansion slots and

connectors, which allow users to add additional hardware components to their
system. Expansion slots come in various types, including PCI, PCIe, and AGP,
and can be used to upgrade the computer's capabilities, such as improving
gaming performance or adding additional storage capacity. Expansion cards,
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 such as graphics cards, sound cards, and network adapters, are inserted into
these slots to add new functionality to the system.

 The motherboard also has various connectors for input and output devices, such
as USB ports, audio jacks, and Ethernet ports. These connectors allow users to
connect their peripherals to the computer and use them to interact with the
system. Without these connectors, users would not be able to use their input
devices, such as keyboards and mice, or their output devices, such as monitors
and speakers.

 In conclusion, the motherboard is the backbone of a computer system,

connecting all the other hardware components together and enabling them to
work seamlessly. Its features, such as the chipset, BIOS, expansion slots, and
connectors, allow users to customize and upgrade their system to meet their
needs. Understanding the motherboard and its functions is crucial for building,
upgrading, and maintaining a computer system.

Figure 2: Mother Board

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B- CPU

 The Central Processing Unit (CPU) is the primary component of a computer

system that performs most of the computational tasks. It is often referred to as
the "brain" of the computer as it is responsible for processing instructions,
performing calculations, and managing the flow of data within the computer.

 The CPU is typically a small, rectangular microprocessor chip that is mounted

onto the motherboard. It contains millions of tiny transistors that work together
to execute instructions and carry out calculations. The CPU's performance is
measured in terms of clock speed, which is the number of clock cycles per
second that the processor can perform. The higher the clock speed, the faster the
CPU can execute instructions and perform calculations.

 The CPU has several key components, including the Arithmetic Logic Unit
(ALU) and the Control Unit (CU). The ALU is responsible for performing
arithmetic and logical operations, such as addition, subtraction, multiplication,
and comparison. The CU manages the flow of data within the computer,
fetching instructions from memory, interpreting them, and directing the ALU to
perform the necessary operations.

 The CPU communicates with other components of the computer system, such as
the RAM and storage devices, through the system bus. The system bus is a high-
speed data pathway that connects the CPU to other hardware components,
allowing them to exchange data and instructions. The CPU also communicates
with other peripherals, such as input and output devices, through specialized
connectors, such as USB or HDMI ports.

 The CPU's performance can be enhanced through various methods, including

overclocking, multi-core processing, and cache memory. Overclocking involves
increasing the CPU's clock speed beyond its factory settings, which can result in
faster processing speeds but can also lead to instability and damage to the
processor. Multi-core processing involves using multiple CPUs on a single chip,
which can improve performance by allowing multiple tasks to be processed
simultaneously. Cache memory is a small amount of memory built into the CPU
that stores frequently used data, allowing for faster access and processing times.
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 In conclusion, the CPU is the primary component of a computer system
responsible for performing most of the computational tasks. Its components,
such as the ALU and CU, work together to execute instructions and manage the
flow of data within the computer. Understanding the CPU's functions and
capabilities is crucial for optimizing a computer's performance and selecting the
appropriate hardware components for a specific use case.

Figure 3: CPU components

C-GPU

 A Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) is a specialized component of a computer

system that is designed to handle graphics-related tasks. It is responsible for
rendering images, videos, and animations on the computer's display, and is
particularly important in gaming, video editing, and other graphic-intensive
applications.

 A GPU is typically a separate component from the CPU and is mounted onto the
computer's motherboard. It contains thousands of processing cores that are
optimized for parallel processing, which allows it to handle large amounts of
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 data simultaneously. The performance of a GPU is measured in terms of its
clock speed, core count, and memory bandwidth.

 The GPU works in tandem with the CPU to process graphical data. The CPU
sends instructions to the GPU, which then processes the data and renders it into
images that can be displayed on the computer's screen. The GPU is capable of
handling complex 3D rendering, image manipulation, and video
encoding/decoding, which frees up the CPU to handle other tasks.

 One of the key components of a GPU is its memory. GPUs have their own
dedicated memory, known as Video Random Access Memory (VRAM), which
is used to store graphical data. VRAM is typically faster than the computer's
main memory (RAM), which allows the GPU to quickly access and process
graphical data.

 Modern GPUs are highly programmable and can be used for a variety of tasks
beyond just graphics rendering. For example, they can be used for machine
learning, scientific simulations, and other high-performance computing tasks.
Some GPUs can even be combined in a process known as "GPU scaling" to
create a massively parallel processing environment for even faster processing
speeds.

 In conclusion, the GPU is a specialized component of a computer system that is

designed to handle graphics-related tasks. Its thousands of processing cores and
dedicated VRAM make it capable of handling complex graphical data and
freeing up the CPU to handle other tasks. As computer applications become
increasingly graphic-intensive, the GPU's importance in the overall performance
of the system will only continue to grow.

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 Figure 4: NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1080 graphics card

D-RAM

 Random Access Memory (RAM) is a type of computer memory that is used to

temporarily store data that is being actively used by the computer. It is a volatile
memory, meaning that its contents are lost when the computer is turned off.

 RAM is an essential component of a computer system, as it is used to store data

and programs that are currently in use by the computer's CPU. The CPU reads
and writes data to the RAM very quickly, which allows it to access the data and
programs it needs to run quickly.

 The amount of RAM in a computer system can have a significant impact on its
performance. A computer with more RAM can store more data and programs in
its memory, which allows the CPU to access the data and programs it needs
more quickly. This can result in faster application load times, smoother
multitasking, and improved overall system performance.

 RAM is typically installed in the form of memory modules, which are inserted
into slots on the computer's motherboard. The amount of RAM that a computer
system can support is determined by the number of memory slots on the
motherboard and the maximum amount of memory that each slot can support.

 RAM is also rated based on its speed and latency, which determines how
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 quickly the CPU can access the data stored in the memory. Higher-speed RAM
can improve system performance, especially in applications that require large
amounts of data to be processed quickly.

 In addition to its role in supporting the CPU, RAM is also used by other
components of the computer system, such as the graphics card and sound card,
to store data that is being processed. This allows these components to access the
data they need quickly and efficiently.

 In conclusion, RAM is a type of computer memory that is used to temporarily

store data that is being actively used by the computer. It is an essential
component of a computer system and can have a significant impact on its
performance. RAM is installed in memory modules on the motherboard and is
rated based on its speed and latency. As computer applications become more
complex and require more data to be processed, the amount and speed of RAM
in a computer system will continue to be an important factor in its overall
performance.

Figure 5: DDR4 RAM module

E- Internal memory

 Internal memory, also known as internal storage, refers to the storage space
within a computer or mobile device that is used to store data and programs
permanently. Unlike RAM, which is a type of volatile memory that is lost when
the computer is turned off, internal memory retains its contents even when the
device is turned off.

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 Internal memory is typically provided by Solid State Drives (SSDs) or Hard
Disk Drives (HDDs), both of which use magnetic or semiconductor storage
technology to store data. SSDs are becoming increasingly popular due to their
faster read and write speeds, while HDDs are still commonly used for storing
large amounts of data at a lower cost.

 Internal memory is used to store the operating system, applications, and user
data on a device. When a user installs an application or saves a file, it is stored
in the internal memory. The operating system also uses internal memory to store
system files and other data that is required for the device to function.

 The amount of internal memory in a device can vary depending on the device's
intended use. Mobile phones typically have between 16GB and 512GB of
internal memory, while laptops and desktops can have terabytes of internal
storage. The amount of internal memory required by a user depends on their
usage habits and the type of data they need to store.

 Internal memory is a crucial component of a computer or mobile device, as it

provides the permanent storage required to store applications and user data. The
speed and capacity of internal memory can have a significant impact on the
device's performance, as devices with larger or faster internal memory can load
applications and access data more quickly.

 In conclusion, internal memory is the storage space within a computer or mobile

device that is used to store data and programs permanently. It is provided by
Solid State Drives (SSDs) or Hard Disk Drives (HDDs), and is used to store the
operating system, applications, and user data on a device. The amount and speed
of internal memory can have a significant impact on the device's performance.

2. Cache memory.

A- What is cache memory?

 Cache memory is a type of high-speed memory that is used to temporarily store

frequently accessed data or instructions. It is located on the CPU chip or on a
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 separate chip close to the CPU, is designed to speed up access to data and
instructions that are used repeatedly.

 When a computer needs to access data or instructions from memory, it first

checks the cache memory to see if the data or instructions are already stored
there. If they are, the computer can access them much more quickly than if it
had to retrieve them from slower main memory, such as RAM or hard disk.

 Cache memory works by using a hierarchy of storage locations that are

progressively larger and slower. The smallest and fastest storage location is the
cache memory, which is followed by the main memory, and finally the hard
disk. This hierarchy allows the computer to access data and instructions quickly,
while still providing large amounts of storage at a lower cost.

 There are typically two types of cache memory: L1 cache and L2 cache. L1
cache is built into the CPU chip and is the smallest and fastest type of cache
memory. It is used to store data and instructions that are used frequently by the
CPU. L2 cache is located on a separate chip close to the CPU and is larger but
slower than L1 cache. It is used to store data and instructions that are accessed
less frequently.

 Cache memory is an important component of a computer's performance. By

storing frequently accessed data and instructions in cache memory, the computer
can access them much more quickly than if it had to retrieve them from slower
main memory. This can lead to significant performance improvements,
especially in applications that require frequent access to data or instructions.

 In conclusion, cache memory is a type of high-speed memory that is used to

temporarily store frequently accessed data or instructions. It works by using a
hierarchy of storage locations that are progressively larger and slower, is
typically located on the CPU chip or on a separate chip close to the CPU. Cache
memory is an important component of a computer's performance, as it allows
frequently accessed data and instructions to be accessed much more quickly than
if they had to be retrieved from slower main memory.

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 Figure 6: Cache memory

B- Why is cache needed?

 Cache memory is an essential component in modern computer systems. The

main reason for its existence is to help speed up access to frequently used data
and instructions. In essence, it works as a temporary storage location for the
CPU, allowing it to retrieve information much more quickly than it would be
able to do otherwise.

 One reason why cache memory is needed is that it provides a buffer between the
CPU and main memory. Main memory is much slower than the CPU, and it can
take a significant amount of time to retrieve data and instructions from it. By
having a small amount of high-speed memory located close to the CPU, the
computer can store frequently used data and instructions in the cache, which can
be accessed much more quickly than main memory.

 Another reason why cache memory is needed is that it helps to reduce the
amount of data that needs to be transferred between the CPU and main memory.
When the CPU needs to access data or instructions, it checks the cache first to
see if the data or instructions are already stored there. If they are, the CPU can
access them quickly and efficiently, without having to retrieve them from main
memory. This reduces the amount of time and resources required to transfer data
between the CPU and main memory.
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 Finally, cache memory is needed because it can help to improve overall system
performance. By providing faster access to frequently used data and
instructions, the CPU can execute instructions more quickly, which can lead to
improved application performance and reduced overall processing time. This is
especially important in applications that require frequent access to data, such as
multimedia applications, video editing software, and games.

 In conclusion, cache memory is an important component in modern computer

systems because it provides a buffer between the CPU and main memory,
reduces the amount of data that needs to be transferred between the CPU and
main memory, and helps to improve overall system performance. Without cache
memory, computers would be much slower and less efficient, making it much
more difficult to perform complex tasks and run demanding applications.

3. The role of computer operating system

A-What is the operating system?

 An operating system (OS) is a piece of software that manages computer

hardware and software resources and provides common services for computer
programs. It is a crucial component of a computer system that allows the
hardware and software to work together seamlessly.

 The main function of an operating system is to manage the computer's

hardware resources, including the CPU, memory, storage, input/output
devices, and network interfaces. It also provides services for software
programs, such as managing file access and security, providing a user
interface, and scheduling tasks.

 One of the most important functions of an operating system is to manage

memory. It allocates memory to different programs and ensures that each
program can access only the memory that it has been assigned. This helps to
prevent programs from interfering with each other and causing system crashes
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 or other errors.

 Another important function of an operating system is to provide a user interface

that allows users to interact with the computer. This can include graphical user
interfaces (GUIs) that allow users to use a mouse and keyboard to navigate
menus and windows, or command-line interfaces (CLIs) that allow users to
enter commands using a text-based interface.

 The operating system also provides a layer of security that helps to protect the
computer from viruses, malware, and other threats. It can monitor network
activity, control access to resources, and enforce security policies to prevent
unauthorized access to the system.

 In summary, an operating system is a software program that manages computer

hardware and software resources and provides common services for computer
programs. It is responsible for managing memory, providing a user interface,
managing security, and many other important functions. Without an operating
system, a computer would not be able to function, and software programs would
not be able to run.

 In addition to these core functions, modern operating systems also offer a wide
range of additional features and services. For example, many operating systems
provide built-in support for networking, allowing users to connect to the internet
or a local network without needing to install additional software. They may also
include tools for managing system resources, such as task managers or
performance monitors, that allow users to monitor and optimize system
performance. Some operating systems also include support for virtualization,
which allows multiple operating systems to run simultaneously on the same
hardware.

 Overall, the operating system is a critical component of any computer system,

providing the foundation upon which all other software and hardware depend.
By managing hardware resources, providing a user interface, and enforcing
security policies, the operating system enables users to interact with their
computers in a safe and efficient manner.

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 Figure 7: A diagram of the operating system’s role in managing computer resources

B- Why use an operating system?

 An operating system (OS) is a software program that manages computer

hardware resources and provides common services for computer programs. It
acts as an intermediary between computer hardware and application software,
allowing users to interact with their computers and run programs efficiently. So,
why do we need an operating system in the first place?

 Firstly, an operating system is essential for managing system resources such as

CPU, memory, and storage devices. The OS allocates system resources to
different applications, ensuring that each program gets the resources it needs to
function properly. Without an operating system, applications would need to
directly access hardware resources, which would make programming and using
computers much more difficult.

 Secondly, an operating system provides a user interface that allows users to

interact with their computers. The user interface provides a means for users to
issue commands to the computer, such as opening a program, saving a file, or
shutting down the system. Without an operating system, users would need to
communicate with the computer using low-level machine language commands,
which would be impractical for most users.
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 Thirdly, an operating system enforces security policies to protect the computer
from unauthorized access or malicious software. The OS provides tools for
managing user accounts, restricting access to sensitive data, and protecting
against viruses and other types of malware. Without an operating system, users
would need to manually manage security settings and install antivirus software,
which would be time-consuming and error- prone.

 Finally, an operating system enables the development of software applications

that can run on different types of hardware. By providing a consistent interface
to hardware resources, an operating system allows software developers to create
applications that can run on a wide range of computers. This makes it easier for
developers to create software that can be used by a large number of people,
regardless of the hardware they are using.

 In summary, an operating system is necessary for managing computer resources,

providing a user interface, enforcing security policies, and enabling the
development of software applications. Without an operating system, computers
would be much more difficult to use and program, would be vulnerable to
security threats.

C-Functions of an operating system

 Another important function of an operating system is process management. The

OS manages processes or programs running on the computer, ensuring that they
are running smoothly and efficiently. The OS allocates system resources, such
as memory and processing power, to each process based on its priority and
requirements. The OS also controls the execution of processes, including
starting and stopping them and switching between them.

 Another function of an operating system is error handling. The OS is responsible

for detecting errors or bugs in the system and handling them in a way that
minimizes the impact on the user. For example, if a program crashes, the OS can
display an error message and terminate the program, preventing it from causing
further damage to the system.
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 An operating system also provides support for application development. The OS
provides a set of application programming interfaces (APIs) that developers can
use to access system resources, such as files, devices, and memory. The OS also
provides a set of development tools, such as compilers and debuggers, that
developers can use to create and test their programs.

 Finally, an operating system provides support for virtualization. Virtualization

allows multiple operating systems to run on a single computer, each in its own
isolated environment. This allows users to run different operating systems or
different versions of the same operating system on the same computer.

 In summary, an operating system provides a wide range of functions that are

essential for managing the resources of a computer and providing a stable and
efficient computing environment. The functions of an operating system include
memory management, processor management, device management, file
management, security, networking, user interface, process management, error
handling, application development support, and virtualization.

Figure 8: Functions of an Operating System

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Ⅲ: Conclusion

Computers have had a profound impact on society and have transformed the way
we live, work, and communicate. They have become an essential tool in almost
every aspect of modern life, from business and education to healthcare and
entertainment. The development of the microprocessor in the 1970s led to the
creation of personal computers, which made computing power available to the
masses. Today, computers are smaller, faster, and more powerful than ever before,
and they continue to evolve at a rapid pace.

One of the most significant benefits of computers is their ability to process and
store vast amounts of information. This has led to advances in fields such as
science, engineering, and medicine, where complex calculations and simulations
are required. Computers have also revolutionized communication, making it
possible to connect with people all over the world instantly. They have created new
industries, such as software development and e-commerce, and have transformed
traditional industries, such as publishing and music.

However, the widespread use of computers has also raised concerns about privacy
and security. Cyberattacks, data breaches, and online harassment are all issues that
must be addressed as we continue to rely more heavily on technology.

In conclusion, computers have had a profound and far-reaching impact on society.

They have changed the way we work, communicate, and live our lives. While there
are challenges associated with their use, their potential to improve our lives and
drive progress is immense. As we look to the future, it is clear that computers will
continue to play a vital role in shaping our world.

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Ⅳ: Reference List
1.What is a computer? :
- https://hocjavascript.net/tong-quan/may-tinh-la-gi-dinh-nghia-may-tinh/
- https://wikimaytinh.com/may-vi-tinh-la-gi-cau-tao-cua-may-vi-tinh.html

2.Main components of a computer:

- https://didongviet.vn/dchannel/cac-bo-phan-cua-may-tinh/

- https://thidaihoc.vn/thanh-phan-quan-trong-nhat-cua-may-tinh-la-gi/

3.What is the cache memory:

- https://www.dienmayxanh.com/kinh-nghiem-hay/bo-nho-dem-cache-la-gi-co-nen-xoa-khong-cach-xoa-b-1223727

- https://ghiencongnghe.info/cache-la-gi.html

- https://dienthoaivui.com.vn/bo-nho-dem-la-gi-tim-hieu-ve-bo-nho-cache/

4.Operating system:
- https://www.thegioididong.com/hoi-dap/he-dieu-hanh-la-gi-804907

- https://fptshop.com.vn/tin-tuc/tin-moi/tong-hop-cac-he-dieu-hanh-thong-dung-tren-laptop-56318

5.History of computer:
- https://quantrimang.com/cong-nghe/luoc-su-phat-trien-cua-may-tinh-65154

- https://cellphones.com.vn/sforum/so-luoc-lich-su-may-tinh-theo-tung-thap-nien

6.The role of computers:

- https://toploigiai.vn/vai-tro-cua-may-tinh-dien-tu-la

- https://hoc247.net/hoi-dap/tin-hoc-6/vai-tro-cua-may-tinh-trong-xa-hoi-faq323777.html

7.What is the CPU:

- https://www.nguyenkim.com/cpu-la-gi.html

- https://quantrimang.com/cong-nghe/cpu-la-gi-142876
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 8.What is the GPU:
- https://hoanghapc.vn/gpu-la-gi

- https://www.nguyenkim.com/gpu-card-do-hoa-tich-hop-la-gi.html

- https://maychuviet.vn/gpu-la-gi-chuc-nang-cua-gpu-doi-voi-may-tinh-va-ung-dung-thuc-te/

9.What is the RAM:

- https://www.dienmayxanh.com/kinh-nghiem-hay/ram-la-gi-co-y-nghia-gi-trong-cac-thiet-bi-dien-tu-
596492

- https://hc.com.vn/ords/ni--ram-la-gi

- https://fptshop.com.vn/tin-tuc/danh-gia/ram-la-gi-bo-nho-ram-dung-de-lam-gi-57115

10.What is a Motherboard:
- https://minhancomputer.com/bo-mach-chu-la-gi-huong-dan-chon-main-phu-hop-cho-pc.html

- https://www.bkaii.com.vn/tin-tuc/807-bo-mach-chu-la-gi-khai-niem-chuc-nang-thanh-phan-va-nguyen-ly-
hoat-dong

- https://www.thegioididong.com/hoi-dap/main-la-gi-tim-hieu-cau-tao-cua-main-may-tinh-cuc-chi-tiet-
1342702

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