TRADE PROJECT

MAKING OF A TREATMENT UNIT FOR DRINKING WATER

NAME : BAKARI SHABAN AMINA

COURSE : CERTIFICATE IN SCIENCE LABORATORY

TECHNOLOGY

CENTER NAME : KENYA COAST NATIONAL POLYTECHINIC

IDEX NO : 1061200455

COURSE CODE : 1904

PRESENTED TO : KENYA NATIONAL EXAMANATION COUNSIL

AS A PARTIAL FULFILMENT FOR AWARD OF

SCIENCE LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY

SUPERVISOR : MADAM.NAOMI MACHARIA

SERIES : AUGUST 2021

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 DECLARATION
I BAKARI SHABAN AMINA do declare that this is my original work of my
hand and it has never been presented before to any institution for any academic
award or any other award.
I personally did all the activities and research of this work
NAME: BAKARI SHABAN AMINA
SIGNATURE: ………………………………………………….

DATE: …………………….……………………………………

SUPERVISORS: MADAM.NAOMI MACHARIA

SIGNATURE: ………………………………………………….

DATE: …………………………………………………………..

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 DEDICATION
This project is dedicated to my family and friends for their devotion, love and endless support
towards this project.

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 ACKNOWLEDGMENT
I wish to express my sincere gratitude to all that have given me the moral and financial
support throughout in this upstanding project.
My special thanks to my supervisor for her guidance in writing this project, my mum for
financial support and making sure that I have successfully completed within the limited time
frame.
I sincerely thank the almighty God for granting me this chance and enabling me all through
the course.

Table of Contents

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DECLARATION........................................................................................................................i
DEDICATION...........................................................................................................................ii
ACKNOWLEDGMENT..........................................................................................................iii
ABSTRACT...............................................................................................................................v
INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................................vi
CHAPTER ONE........................................................................................................................1
1.1 BACKGROUND INFORMATION.....................................................................................1
CHAPTER TWO.......................................................................................................................3
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW.....................................................................................................3
CHAPTER THREE....................................................................................................................4
3.1 METHODOLOGY...............................................................................................................4
CHAPTER FOUR......................................................................................................................6
4.0 DATA COLLECTION.........................................................................................................6
4.1 DATA ANALYSIS..............................................................................................................7
4.3 FINDINGS...........................................................................................................................7
CONCLUSION..........................................................................................................................8
RECOMMENDATION.............................................................................................................9
REFERENCE...........................................................................................................................10

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 ABSTRACT

Water treatment-process improves the quality of water to make it appropriate for specific end

use. Nowadays many water resources are polluted by human including household and

agricultural waste and industrial processes. Public concerns over the environmental impact of

waste water pollution has increased.

Several conventional waste water treatment techniques i.e. chemical coagulation, absorption,

activated sledge have been applied to remove pollution. These of aerobic waste water

treatment as a reductive medium is receiving increased interest due to its low operation and

maintainable cost. In additional it is easy to obtain with good effectiveness and ability for

degrading contaminants. The use of bucket, a pipe and piece of cloth is the easiest method

because can easily be obtained anywhere at any time and cost. The principals and objects of

waste water treatment is generally to allow human and industrial effluents to be disposed of

without danger to human health or unacceptable damage to the natural environment.

INTRODUCTION

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The main source of drinking water in most of areas in are the rivers, lakes and taps which

receives waste water and drainage generated by different activities. World leaders

increasingly recognize safe drinking water as critical building block of sustainable

development. The sanitary risk for man linked to pathogens depends on the use of water and

on the pathogens concentration in water. Drinking water should meet specific standards and

criteria for good public health and being free from disease causing bacteria. The drinking

water purification plants are designed specifically to eliminate chemical and microbiological

pollution in raw sources water through the treatment stages, especially disinfection stage in

which bacteria and pathogens which causes water bone diseases are killed by additional of

chlorine. The presence of bacteria in drinking water seriously affect public health and it is an

emerging issue in drinking water. The treatment and distribution of water for safe use is one

of the greatest achievements.

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 CHAPTER ONE

1.1 BACKGROUND INFORMATION

This new water treatment works to supply substantial proportion small population with

drinking water. It replaces as much older and under capacity treatment works providing a

facility of recent days. The project incorporates the older day’s technology. And is

directly designed to fit the surrounding people live in and the surrounding land scape.

AIM OF THE PROJECT

The aim of the project is to reduce the transmission of infectious diseases to an acceptably

low level and the absence of pathogens and all specify that drinking water should be free

from any pathogens that may be deter mental to human health. To also protect the health of

the community and supply water that is preferably desirable for drinking water standard.

And finally protect the property of consumer.

OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT

The objectives are to reduce and eliminate adverse impacts of waste materials on human

health and environment to support economic development and superior quality of life.

The importance of the project is to speed up the natural processes of purifying water and

consumption of water.

SIGNIFICANTS OF THE PROJECT.

Restoring the water supply globally due to lack of enough water. The project is formed to

recycle the water ready for use. Treatment of water also protects the planet. The treatment

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Prevents human from the contaminants that harm both the residents and human

hence introduction of the project.

PROBLEMS

Due the rising of population, increase in industrial pollution and several human activities.

The rise in population and frequent use of water leads to scarcity of water hence resulting to

recycling of water. The industrial emitting of wastes also has led to introduction of the

project. Most industries are located close to rivers and when the activities are ongoing the

wastes are emailed and pollution occurs. Human activities like animal grazing also leads to

polluting of water. House hold choirs also results to pollution of water. Coming up with the

project is to solve all the water wastage and pollution.

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 CHAPTER TWO

2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW

This project has been introduce to interconnect with the other uses of waste water

treatment units. The main purpose of the project is to identify convent water disposal and

treatment techniques. Ongoing sanitization initiative and productuctive environmental

purposes. Helps easy rising of the diseases.

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 CHAPTER THREE

3.1 METHODOLOGY

Materials used

• Charcoal

• Gravel

• Sand

• Piece of clothe

APPARATUS

• 2 buckets

• Pipe

The project was conducted at kcnp.waste water was collected from each corner of the

institution. The waste water collected from the institution is averaged for only 2 working

days. The averaged values are recorded in every 30 minutes. And finalized in 24 hours that is

from 8:00 am to 8:00 am the following day. The daily discharge is 1 litre. The waste water is

measured by the height of water got from the bucket.

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 In this case 1 litre bottle was selected and measurement taken from it.Only one designed

system is made. It receives water from the top bucket and runs through a pipe drilled down

the second bucket and finally collected. This process only takes a 1 day after water is found.

Before introduced to people bacteria are killed using direct sunlight. The system is taken

outside the house during the day and returned back in the evening ready for use (drinking).

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 CHAPTER FOUR

4.0 DATA COLLECTION

During the project making, in terms of collecting the data in the field we encountered a lot of

challenges like coping with the impacts of rapid urbanization climates change and aging

infrastructure. Dealing with inaccurate and outdated information and lack of proper answers

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From the members that we have asked questions. They never gave the correct answers about

the pollutants and how the wastes were deposited from home or from the dump sites. The

data collection was done by asking questions and filling in the questionnaires. House to house

looking on how the residents deposited the wastes

4.1 DATA ANALYSIS

Perceived barrier and fortune development categorized by source i.e. the type of interview

presenting these views .Dirty water was 100%dirt and clean water collected was 100% clean.

From the analysis it was found due to low collection and low treatment units in the areas. Lot

of the treatment unit to be introduced and use immediately. Warning to be given to the

people using and dumping the dirt in any manner.

4.3 FINDINGS.

The exchange of information and knowledge water treatment concerns that each place may

need to address and various approaches for management allow for the building data bases

and universal goals.to achieve minimum levels of safe water. An overview of the problems

and improvements made made in kcnp, surface water have improved due to decrease in

carelessly deposit o waste products. The improvement needed is to improve on disinfection

processes balancing and pathogens control. Tertiary sewage treatment to further nutrient

reduction. Improve pathogen reduction and handing of sewage sledge. Land based wetlands

system for wastewater treatment. The challenges in Mombasa include management of surface

water and ground water unlike other means a treatment unit also get the best thing to do is to

treat sewage water.invesstigion into more treatment units are Alsace best thing into more

second ion the treatment and improve of water.

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CONCLUSION

Emerging contaminants will need to be monitored. Increased sewage treatment is needed to

enhance pathogen. Nutrient emerging contaminant reduction and enhance possible waste

water recycling climate factors and meteorological data continues to slow a pattern

associated with water treatment and management failures. Thus meteorological data weather

forecasting and climate prediction scenario should be integrated in the development of any

assessment and management strategy.

Early warning systems should be developed to inform similar appropriate models for

drinking water.

The benefit assessment be integrated and cover the complete life cycle of the product.

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RECOMMENDATION.

It is recommended that such frameworks be adopted for addressing water safely so that

hazards and specific risks can be identified. Decisions tree and responsibility for

recommendations is needed. Development of a waste water bone diseases genetics program is

recommended.

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REFERENCE
1.Arora H,DI Giovanni G chevallier m(1999) treatment strategies for spent filter backwash

water voorhees,NJ,American water works service company.

2.Bryan jj(1993)hazard analysis and critical control points and their applications to drinking

water treatment process.American water work association.

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