Nervous coordination

• Basic unit of nervous system is neuron. It is the largest cell in our body.
• Nervous system divided in 2 types. They are Central nervous system and peripheral nervous
system.
• Central nervous system containing the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous
system which is a network of nerves and neural tissues branching out throughout the body.
• Central Nervous System
Brain and spinal cord belong to central nervous system
Skull provides protection to the brain and vertebral column to the spinal cord.
Skull provides protection to the brain and vertebral column to the spinal cord.
There is a special fluid found within the cavities of brain and between meninges. It is known as
cerebro spinal fluid.
• The functions of cerebro spinal fluid
Support brain and spinal cord
Absorption of shocks and jerks
Protection against microbial infections and dessication
Nourishing tissues
• Brain
Brain is protected by the cranium and surrounded by three linings called meninges.
There are about hundred billion of neurons.
another accessory cells called neurogloea are present in brain.
The brain is composed of three main parts as,
Cerebrum
Cerebellum
Medulla oblongata
• Cerebrum
Cerebrum Taking up 7/8ths of the brain’s weight, the cerebrum governs all sensory and motor
activity.
It is divided into the left and right hemispheres.
Functions of cerebrum
Controlling of voluntary muscle contraction
Perception of senses about pain, vision, temperature, taste and smell.
Perform high mental activities such as learning, intelligence and thinking
• Cerebellum
The cerebellum is the second largest part of the brain.
It contains nerve fibers that connect it to every part of the central nervous system.
It coordinates voluntary and involuntary patterns of movements.
It also adjusts muscles to automatically maintain posture.

• Medulla Oblongata
The medulla oblongata connects the rest of the brain to the spinal cord.
It regulates breathing, swallowing, sneezing, vomiting, heartbeat, and blood pressure.
• Spinal cord
The brain and spinal cord are enclosed by 3 membranes.
It is a tubular structure starting from medulla oblongata inferiorly and runs through vertebral
column.
Peripherally white matter and interiorly grey matter is present in the spinal cord.
• Reflex arc
The functional unit of the nervous system that maintains the coordination is called the reflex arc.
Three types of nerve cells involve in a reflex arc. They are sensory neuron, inter neuron and motor
neuron.
Sensory neurons are attached to sensory receptors and transmit impulses to the central nervous
system, which then stimulate the interneurons, and then motor neurons. Interneurons are located
entirely within the central nervous system. They intercept the impulses from the sensory neurons
and transmit the signals to the motor neurons.
• Reflex actions
A sudden, involuntary response to a particular stimulus is called a reflex action.
The reflex actions are of two types as,
spinal reflexes
cranial reflexes
• Spinal reflexes
Spinal reflexes are automatic, involuntary movements or responses generated by the spinal cord
without involving the brain.
Examples for spinal reflexes
Moving the hand away when it contacts with a hot surface
Lifting the leg when you step on a thorn
• Cranial reflexes
Cranial reflexes are automatic, involuntary responses generated in the brain in response to specific
stimuli.
Cranial reflexes help our body respond quickly to protect and maintain itself.
Examples for cranial reflexes
Sneezing
Salivation
Blinking eyelids
• Autonomic Nervous System
The nervous supply from the autonomous nervous system is to the internal organs of the body
which are involuntarily controlled.
This nervous system coordinates involuntary activities in the body.
The autonomous nervous system is composed of two parts.
Sympathetic nervous system
Parasympathetic nervous system
• You Can Get More Ideas About The Nervous coordination From This Video