Module 4- B1+

Nature watch
Voc. 4(a)
Voc. for studying Voc. For understanding
Beneath Endangered
Motionless Species
Hideout Food chain
Replica Advantage
Impact Threat
Regenerate Decrease
Ecosystem Effect
Habitat Reason
Predator Damage
Prey Rated
extinct Increase

*Dictionary Meaning
Beneath: under or below.
Motionless: At rest, stationary, immobile, not moving.
Hideout: A place of shelter or concealment.
Replica: a copy of something or a duplicate of something, sometimes done on a smaller scale
than the original.
Impact: is one thing crashing into or having an effect on another.
Regenerate: to renew life or energy or spirit.
Ecosystem: is a group of plants, animals and bacteria that work together to remain healthy.
Habitat: the natural environment of someone or something.
Predator: a person or an animal that hunts a smaller weaker person or animal.
Prey: a person or animal that falls victim to another or an animal that lives off of other
animals.
Extinct: is someone or something that has burned out, is no longer in use or no longer exists.
 Voc. Exercises
A- Fill in the blanks with a word from the Voc. List:
1- At the present time, the wild cat has become almost …………………… in many of the above
districts.
2- Nothing was said until we settled on a bench near the circular band stand, ……………………..
the obligatory memorial statue.
3- He approached with a slow, steady steps, like a predator inspecting its disabled
………………….. before going for the kill.
4- Helen remained ………………………… through them all, not once showing the least sign that she
realized what was going on.
5- Darkyn was listening with the focus of a ………………………., his sharpened teeth resting on his
lower lip.
6- Was he actually concerned about the fact that she might have been killed, or that his
……………………… might have been discovered in a search for her body?
7- The term ……………………….., in its widest sense, includes all the factors of the environment
which affect a plant or a plant community.
8- The study beyond was a ……………………….. of the one in Virginia, down to the Gothic hood on
the fireplace.
9- If you're concerned my little project might ……………………….. your security, don't be alarmed.
10- Some of us have superior strength, but Elizabeth and her father are the only two who can
…………………. blood immediately.
B- Choose the correct answer.
1- They are working to preserve the delicately balanced ………………………. of these wetlands.
a- habitat b- impact c- ecosystem
2- Even more important, why can't we …………………tissue to repair damaged organs like our
heart or lungs?
a- regenerate b- hideout c- impact
3- The related species of one ………………….. group, the glyptodonts, had a single-piece carapace
similar to that of tortoises.
a- extinct b- habitat c- prey
4- It is believed he died from multiple injuries caused by the ……………………… of the collisions.
a- hideout b- regenerate c- impact
5- There's really nothing out there to refer to on flying birds, save one photo he took from
directly …………… a bird leaving its nest cavity.
a- beneath b- hideout c- habitat
6- A ……………. is a copy of something or a duplicate of something, sometimes done on a
smaller scale than the original.
a- prey b- replica c- hideout
7- Teenagers are seen as easy …………….. for drug dealers looking to find new customers.
a- predators b- impact c- prey
8- The little bunny stayed …………….. in the tall grass until the hawk flew away.
a- motionless b- hideout c- extinct
9- Although dinosaurs have been ……………. for millions of years, they are still very popular
among children.
a- motionless b- hideout c- extinct
10- Certain kinds of killer whales are dangerous ……………. which hunt in packs, and sometimes
attack much larger whales.
a- predators b- prey c- extinct

C- Put these words sentences of your own.

Replica ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Impact …………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Regenerate ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Ecosystem ………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Habitat ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
D- Write a synonym for each of these words
Beneath …………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Motionless ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Hideout ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Predator ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Prey ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Extinct ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
 Grammar Module 4
1- Past perfect Simple vs. Past perfect progressive

The structure of the Past Perfect tense is:

subject + auxiliary have + main verb

conjugated in Past Simple  

had past participle

Look at these example sentences with the Past Perfect tense:

  subject auxiliary verb   main verb  

+ I had   finished my work.

+ You had   stopped before me.

- She had not gone to school.

- We had not left.  

? Had you   arrived?  

? Had they   eaten dinner?

How do we use the Past Perfect Tense?

The Past Perfect tense expresses action in the past before another action in the past. This is
the past in the past. For example:

 The train left at 9am. We arrived at 9:15am. When we arrived, the train had left.

Look at some more examples:

 I wasn't hungry. I had just eaten.

 They were hungry. They had not eaten for five hours.
 I didn't know who he was. I had never seen him before.
 "Mary wasn't at home when I arrived." / "Really? Where had she gone?"

You can sometimes think of the Past Perfect tense like the Present Perfect tense, but instead
of the time being now the time is before.
For example, imagine that you arrive at the station at 9:15am. The station master says to you:

 "You are too late. The train has left."

Later, you tell your friends:

 "We were too late. The train had left."

We often use the Past Perfect in reported speech after verbs like: said, told, asked, thought,
wondered

Look at these examples:

 He told us that the train had left.

 I thought I had met her before, but I was wrong.
 He explained that he had closed the window because of the rain.
 I wondered if I had been there before.
 I asked them why they had not finished.
The structure of the Past Perfect Continuous tense is:

subject + auxiliary have + Auxiliary be + main

verb

conjugated in Past Simple past participle  

had been ing form

Look at these example sentences with the Past Perfect Continuous tense:

  subject auxiliary verb   auxiliary verb main verb  

+ I had   been working.  

+ You had   been playing tennis.

- It had not been working well.

- We had not been expecting her.

? Had you   been drinking?  

? Had they   been waiting long?

How do we use the Past Perfect Continuous Tense?

The Past Perfect Continuous tense is like the Past Perfect tense, but it expresses longer actions
in the past before another action in the past. For example:

 Ram started waiting at 9am. I arrived at 11am. When I arrived, Ram had been
waiting for two hours.

Here are some more examples:

 John was very tired. He had been running.

 I could smell cigarettes. Somebody had been smoking.
 Suddenly, my car broke down. I was not surprised. It had not been running well for a
long time.
 Had the pilot been drinking before the crash?

You can sometimes think of the Past Perfect Continuous tense like the Present Perfect
Continuous tense, but instead of the time being now the time is before.

For example, imagine that you meet Ram at 11am. Ram says to you:
"I am angry. I have been waiting for two hours."
Later, you tell your friends:
"Ram was angry. He had been waiting for two hours."

Grammar Exercises
A- Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
1- Peter was Sally's best friend. She …………………………. (know) him all her life.
2- The children were wet because they ……………………… (play) football in the rain.
3- We were very hungry because we ……………………………. (not / eat).score
4- I was delighted when I found my keys. I ……………………………. (look) for them for hours.
5- She was exhausted because she …………………………….. (work) since eight o'clock that
morning.
6- Everything was white because it ………………………………………. (snow).score
7- The passengers were cross because the airline(lose) ………………………………….. everyone's
bags.
8- I(not / see) …………………………….. Jacob for several years, but I recognised him immediately.
9- We (work/already)……………………………… on this project for a month before we found a
fundamental flaw.
10- The invoice………………………………….. (not/arrive/still) by the end of the week so we sent
them a strong reminder.
B- Choose the most suitable verb tense.
1. By the time Vera finished her course, she ___________ in Dublin for six years.
a) had been b ) had been being
2. They ___________ to find the hotel all evening.
a) had tried b) had been trying
3. He moved because he ___________ a job in another place.
a) had been getting b) had got
4. Everybody noticed that you ___________ a mistake.
a) had made b) had been making
5. I went to New York. I ___________ about it for years.
a) had been dreaming b) had dreamt
6. He ___________ never ___________ about returning to his hometown.
a) had…been thinking b) had…thought
7. They didn’t want to lunch because they ___________ already ___________ .
a) had…eaten b) had…been eating
8. I ___________ since early morning.
a) had been practicing b) had practice
9. The waiter served something that we ___________.
a) hadn’t been ordering b) hadn’t ordered
C- Write sentences in the past perfect continuous form.
1. She looked upset. ( her daughter /cry/fro hours)
________________________________________________________________________
2. He had a fever. (he/walk/in the rain)
________________________________________________________________________
3. Claire got burnt. (she/use/the oven)
________________________________________________________________________
4. The firefighters were exhausted. (they/ fight/ that fire/for hours.
________________________________________________________________________
5. She got the first prize. (she / practise / every day / for weeks)
________________________________________________________________________
6. Jane was very angry. (she and her boyfriend /quarrel)
________________________________________________________________________
7. They called the police. (someone / watch / their house).
________________________________________________________________________
8. We felt distant. ( we / argue / a lot)
________________________________________________________________________
9. Everybody was afraid. (the wind / blow/ very hard / and the waves were enormous)
________________________________________________________________________
D- Rewrite the sentences using past simple and past perfect simple. Use the words in
brackets.
1. The woman slept. Then, her husband came home. (already / when)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. She put on her make-up. Then, she went to work. (after)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. He noticed the smoke in the house. Then, he called the fire brigade. (before)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. I finished setting the table. Then, the guests knocked the door. (just / when)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
E- Rewrite these sentences using the WORDS given.

1-He ate his breakfast then checked his emails. (when)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

2- I had intended to tell you the truth. (mean)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
3- These tribes started living in the Amazon rainforest thousands of years ago and are still
living there. (for)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

4- I would like to know if I can get you anything. (wonder)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

5- He often forgot to lock the door when he went out. (forever)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

F- Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verbs given

Charles Dickens
Charles Dickens ____________ (born) in 1812 in Portsmouth. The family ____________
(move) to London in 1823. When he was twelve he ____________ (work) in a blacking factory.
He worked by a window facing the street and passersby ____________ (pause) and watch him
at work. Every day he ____________ (trudge) through the London streets from Camden Town
to Southwark. His family ____________ (be) very poor. His mother ____________ (hope) to
open a small school. While she ____________ (try) to do this, her husband ____________
(send) to prison for being £40 in debt. When Charles ____________ (be) twenty-four, his first
work, sketches by Boz, ____________ (publish). This ____________ (follow) by Pickwick
Papers with which he ____________ (achieve) financial security and popularity. For the rest of
his life, work simply ____________ (pour) from his pen. He ____________ (die) of a stroke in
1870.
2- Clauses of reason and concessions
A- Choose the correct answer
1. Mai worked hard, ______ she passed her exam .
a. so b. although c. because d. though
2. _____ she was very tired, she helped her brother with his homework .
a. Because b. whether c. Although c. so
3. It’s raining hard , _____ we can’t go to the beach .
a. or b. but c. so d. though
4. Nam was absent from class yesterday ____ he felt sick.
a. so b. because c. although d. but
5. Tom has a computer, _____ he doesn’t use it .
a. or b. as because d. but
6. The boy can’t reach the shelf ____ he’s not tall enough.
a. because b. although c. even though d. and
7. The film was boring ____ we went home.
a. so b. when c. but d. if
8. The girl bought the shoes _____ they are very expensive .
a. but b. if c. so d. although
9. He used to smoke a lot ______ now he doesn’t smoke any more .
a. still b. therefore c. but d. as
10. She couldn’t unlock it ______ she had the wrong key .
a. while b. but c. though d. because
11. ____ it rained, the boys played football .
a. Even b. Even though c. However d. In spite of
12. It was still painful, ____ I went to see a doctor .
a. so b. however c. but d. or
13. Lan likes oranges _____ her sister doesn’t .
a. but b. as c. so because
14. Nam failed the final exam _____ he was lazy .
a. while b. though c. because d. but
15. He’s tired _____ he stayed up late watching TV.
a. and b. or c. if d. since
16. Jim can speak English _____ French fluently .
a. also b. but also c. and d. so
17. _______ the traffic , I arrived on time .
a. Though b. Although c. Even though d. In spite of
18. ______ they live near us , we can see them very often .
a. So b. As c. Though d. Even
B- REWRITE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES….
1. I couldn’t do the test because it was difficult.
Because of ………………………………………………………
2. Although he got up early, he was late for the first train.
In spite……………………………………………………………………………………………………………...
3. Although English grammar is difficult, we like to study it.
In spite ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………...
4. Although he is an excellent doctor, he can’t cure lever cancer.
Despite ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
5. Although my friend doesn’t have enough money, she wants to buy that new car.
Despite ………………………………………………………………
6. Although Mai didn’t speak English well, she decided to live in London.
In spite……………………………………………………………………………………………………………...
C- Choose the correct words in the following text.
(NOT SO) MERRY-GO-ROUND!
The customers at the funfair were leaving (and/but) the lights were going out. The last two
people on dodgem cars paid (and/so) left. The big wheel stopped (for/and) the merry-go-
round stopped (as well/not only). The stalls closed down (so/and) the stall-owners went home.
At 2 a.m. four night watch men walked round the funfair, (but/so) there was no one to be
seen. "I'm fed up walking round," one of them said, ("yet/what) what can we do?" "We can
(or/either) play cards (either/or) sit and talk." They were bored, (so/for) there was nothing to
do on this quiet warm night. "We can have a ride on the merry-go-round!" one of them cried.
"That'll be fun!" Three of them jumped on merry-go-round horses (yet/and) the fourth started
the motor. Then he jumped on too (and/but) round they went. They were having the time of
their lives, (but/so) suddenly realized there was no one to stop the machine. They weren't
rescued till morning (and/but) by then they felt very sick indeed!