organic impounds compounds

a a
-
all contain C Vb on
organic inorganic
most contain hydrogen '

! I
-
'
, o n

↳ not all
-

-
hydrocarbons are organic compounds that contain only hydrogen nd
carbon

gotgahl.cm
#
carboxylic acid

alkanes f q, no , , } not needed

( Dohtstudy)
alkenes

pigeon's
homologous series is family of organic function I group is n

compounds with the OAM @ function I ROUP atom lgroup Of TOMS that

a:*: ::*.us.si:S.ms
. .

② alkenes
③ Alcohol alkenes =
NO functional
group
-

organic compounds in the same

homologous series have alkene =

Ic cc
-

: -

- mum
i. same general formula I
Only FOV
&
2. 8 me function I OWUP -

carbon -
carbon
cdVb0h
3. similar chemical properties ( double bond )

a- Showa gradual change in their

physical properties down the series alcohol =

c- OH

carboxylic U 'd -_
COOH

group VII halogens Ik hes alkenes

Flflovvihe ) meth he -

ccsppliesto
melting halogens ,
Cdc chlorine ) ethane ethene
point alkanes 's
Br ( bromine prop he propene increases alkenes ,

11 iodine ) but he butene v

alkane alkene
mmmm
mmmm

lowestbp → I .

meth CHA -

z .
eth Catto cotta
g. propane costs Cotto
highest bp
-
→ A . but CAHIO Ca HS

general equation
CnH2h -12 Ch Hzh
prefix ( naming organic compounds )

prefix meth e. th prop but

NO -

Of
C Vb 0h I 2 3 A
atoms

Suffix -
shows the homologous series that the compound belongs to

suffix
-
ane -
ene

homologous
series alkane alkene

petroleum and natural gases

-

petroleum ( crude oil ) and natural

gases are use as sources of energy

naturally occurring
petroleum mixture of
hydrocarbons
( mostly alkanes )

natural Sis made out of alkanes

-
meth he (70-90010)
-
Other short -

oh in alkanes
( ethane O 20010
-
, prop he and butane)

fractional distillation a

petroleum coin beats rated into

useful fractions by fractional
distillation .

each fraction is Mixture of hydrocarbons

that boil over a certain temperature range
-
A lighter fr Caion contains more carbon
atoms and has a lower boiling point range

than a heavier fraction

-

larger molecules have inter -

molecular forces of Attraction

by move energy is needed to overcome
these forces ,
it has a higher boiling point