Oxidation States

Periodicity of Valence or

g.

BBEEE.FI

Grp 16 Grp 17

Valence
Periodicity of in Periods

-
Valence of elements with respect to H oe 0 increases

and then decreases to

upto four zero .

Periodicity of valence in
Aeoups
Valence
of elements of same
group
remains Same
-

"
" "

Iowa team
days oxidation state is more
often used for Valence
"

compounds
.

01=2 & Nano are two of oxygen in which its

valence is two in both .

The electronegativity
of three elements involved is F > 0 > Na :
-

the oxidation state of 0 is +2 while that

in OE , of
F is -1 .
-

In Ngo ,
Na has an oxidation state of +1 while
0 has -2 state .

Oxidation attained by
Thus defined charge
"
-

,
no .
is as an
atom other atoms to which it
is bonded
due to
in
electronegativity of
a molecule "

Self Practice :

1)nomalous Properties of 2ⁿᵈ Period Elements

1ˢᵗ element and
of groups : I & 2
groups : 13 4 14 are

different from other members of their respective groups .

make
Li & Be :

compounds
with pronounced covalent
character while other member make ionic
compounds .

-
hi shows
similarity properties to diagonally placed My
in

while Be shows
similarity to diagonally placed Al .

Such similarities between diagonally placed elements

"

called
diagonal relationships
"
are
.

Anomalous behaviour is due to :

cii >
doege chargedadios ratio
'

cis small size

ciiis
high electronegativity
1ˢᵗ member four valence orbitals ( and 2P)
-

only as

whereas 2nd member has 9 valence orbitals ( 3s 3P 43 d) ,

as a result maximum
while that of and a
coralency members
of 1ˢᵗ member is
t.ve higher be can upto six .
 Bron [BE ] while Al forms [A 1-1-67
3-
fans
-

Eg ,

1ˢᵗ members can fam Pit Pit bonds with themselves

-
-

as well as other elements of 2ⁿᵈ period .

⇐◦ F- N 14=14 etc
Eg c=c , , ,

self Practice

extreme left of
-

Ionisation enthalpy is minimum on

any
most
period 4 Dept is -
re on
sight of any period
(
neglecting noble
gases ] ,
thus there is
very high reactivity
on two extreme ends of any period reactivity & low in
centre metallic
nature 9
.

Elements on left react

by losing ( reducing nature )
e- s
while react nature)
on
eight by accepting is (oxidising
d
non-metallic nature
Thus metallic nature decreases left to
movingfrom
-

light in a
period .

metallic nature
In a
group
increases
moving down
Reaction of elements with
oxygen
Elements freon basic oxides etc
on left Eg Ngo Cao
-

.
,

Metallic nature of element oxide boomed

✗
basicity of
acidic oxides etc
Element on
sight foem Eg chop 1,0
-

, ,

Oxidation state of non-metallic ✗ Acidity of oxides

element
-
Elements in centre
from amphoteric neutral oxides
our

No co ( neutral) etc
of Ash -111203 (amphoteric)
, , ,
Self Practice