Muscle Origin Insertion Innervation Action Image

POSTERIOR SCAPULAR REGION

Supraspinous They form

The
fossa of the tendons that
supraspinatus
scapula (above insert on the Suprascapular
Supraspinatus initiates
the spine) on the greater tubercle Nerve
abduction of the
posterior surface of the humerus
arm( 0-15degree)
of the scapula (upper facet)

The tendon of
the infraspinatus
(It should be the passes
infraspinatus posteriorly to the The infraspinatus
Suprascapular
Infraspinatus fossa but it is not glenohumeral laterally rotates
Nerve
mentioned in the joint and inserts the humerus
slides) on the middle
facet of the
greater tubercle
It is a cord-like
muscle it
originates from inferior facet of
the lateral border the greater laterally rotates
Teres minor Axillary Nerve
of the scapula tubercle of the the humerus
below the humerus
infraglenoid
tubercle

from a large oval

medial lip of the
region on the
intertubercular Lower medially rotates
posterior surface
Teres major sulcus on the subscapular and extends the
of the inferior
anterior surface Nerve humerus.
angle of the
of the humerus
scapula

Subscapularis
(it is not considered Upper and lower
one of the posterior Medial rotation
Subscapular fossa Lesser tubercle subscapular
muscles, it is found of the arm
anteriorly on the nerves.
scapula)

PECTOREAL REGION
1-The clavicular
Pectoralis major head originates
from the medial
It is the largest half of the Acting together,
and most by the lateral and
clavicle the two heads of
superficial into the lateral lip medial pectoral
the pectoralis
muscle of of the nerves, which
2-The major flex,
pectoral region intertubercular originate from
sternocostal adduct, and
The muscle has sulcus of the the brachial
head originates medially rotate
two heads: humerus. plexus in the
from the medial the arm at the
1-The axilla.
part of the shoulder joint.
clavicular anterior thoracic
head wall; anterior
surface of
 2- The sternum first
sternocostal seven costal
head cartilages sternal
end of sixth rib
aponeurosis of
external oblique

It is a small
triangular-shaped
protracts the
muscle that lies
scapula (by
deep to the medial pectoral
pulling the
pectoralis major nerve, which
Insertion: into scapula anteriorly
muscle originates originates from
Pectoralis minor the coracoid on the thoracic
as three muscular the brachial
process wall) and
slips from the plexus in the
depresses the
anterior surfaces axilla.
lateral angle of
and upper
the scapula.
margins of ribs 3
to 5
is a small muscle The function of
that lies deep to the subclavius is
the pectoralis not entirely clear,
major muscle and but it may act to
Nerve to
passes between groove on the pull the shoulder
Subclavius , a
the clavicle and inferior surface down by
Subclavius small branch
rib I, It originates of the middle depressing the
from the superior
medially, as a third of the clavicle and may
trunk of the
tendon, from rib I clavicle also stabilize the
brachial plexus.
at the junction sternoclavicular
between the rib joint by pulling
and its costal the clavicle
cartilage medially.
Superficial Muscles of the shoulder
powerful
elevator of the
shoulder and
also rotates the
scapula to
(U-shaped extend the reach
insertion superiorly.
has an extensive
opposite to the Trapezius
origin from the
origin of deltoid) cooperates with
from:
Its fibers run in 3 other muscles in
Skull spines of
directions: accessory nerve steadying the
C1-T12
[XI] and the scapula,
vertebrae. From
Trapezius 1) Down: anterior rami of controlling it
CI to CVII, the
Clavicle. cervical nerves C3 during
muscle attaches
and C4 movements of
to the vertebrae
2) Horizontal: the arm Upper
through the
Acromion. fibers elevate
ligamentum
the scapula
nuchae
3) Up: Spine of middle fibers
scapula. pull scapula
medially lower
fibers pull medial
border of
scapula
downward
 A muscle that
performs three
function because
of the direction
Axillary Nerve of its fibers:-
Clavicle,
(branch of the
acromion and Deltoid
Deltoid posterior cord of 1)Post: extend
spine of scapula tuberosity
the brachial shoulder
(U shaped)
plexus) 2)Ant: flex
shoulder
3)Middle:
Abduct arm 15-
90degree.
• T7-T12, L1- L5
• Sacrum & Iliac
extends, adducts
crest
Floor of biceptal Thoracodorsal and medially
Latissimus dorsi • lower 3-4 ribs
groove Nerve rotate humerus
and inferior
like in canoeing.
• Angle of the
scapula
Pulls the scapula
forward over the
from the lateral thoracic
surfaces of ribs I wall(protraction)
insert primarily
to IX and the and facilitates
on the costal
intervening deep long thoracic scapular
Serratus anterior surface of the
fascia overlying nerve rotation. it also
medial border of
the related keeps the costal
the scapula.
intercostal surface of the
spaces scapula closely
opposed to the
thoracic wall
Anterior compartment of the arm (BBC Group)
It has two heads;
long and short
Supinator of
Radial tuberosity • Blood supply: Forearm (at the
• Origin of the Brachial artery
(round tendon), superior and
long head:
the main inferior
Supraglenoid
insertion and radioulnar
Biceps brachii tubercle of
bicipital joints) and
scapula
aponeurosis into strong flexor of
deep fascia of elbow joint;
• Origin of the
forearm weak flexor of
short head:
shoulder joint
Coracoid process
of scapula

• Nerve supp: Flexes arm and

Coracoid process Medial aspect of
Coracobrachialis Musculocutaneous also weak
of scapula shaft of humerus
nerve adductor
 Front of lower Coronoid Flexor of elbow
Brachialis
half of humerus process of ulna joint

Posterior compartment of the arm

Infraglenoid
long head of
tubercle of
Triceps brachii
scapula

• Blood supply:
1.Profunda
• Extensor of
brachii
elbow joint
2. Ulnar
collateral arteries
Upper half of
lateral head of posterior surface Olecranon
Triceps brachii of shaft of process of ulna • the long head
humerus of the triceps
acts on the
shoulder joint as
an adductor of
the arm.
• Nerve supply:
Radial nerve
Lower half of
medial head of posterior surface
Triceps brachii of shaft of
humerus

The superficial group of the muscles of the front of forearm

Medial Into the lateral • Pronation of

*Pronator teres epicondyle surface of the From the the forearm
muscle (common flexion shaft of the median nerve. • Flexion of the
origin, CFO) radius forearm.

• Flexion of the
Into the bases of hand at the wrist
From the medial
Flexor carpi the seconnd and From the median joint.
epicondyle of the
radialis third metacarpal nerve • Abduction of
humerus (CFO)
bones. the hand at the
wrist joint.
 Into the palmar
From the medial Flexion of the
aponeurosis and From the median
Palmaris longus epicondyle of the hand at the wrist
flexor nerve.
humerus (CFO) joint.
retinaculum.

• Flexion of the
Into the pisiform
hand at the wrist
bone, hook of
Flexor carpi Medial From the ULNAR joint.
hamate and base
ulnaris epicondyle(CFO) nerve • Adduction of
of the 5 th
the hand at the
metacarpal bone.
wrist joint.

The intermediate layer of the muscles of the front of forearm

Flexes middle
phalanx of
Take origin from into the middle
Flexor digitorum From the median fingers and
three bone CFO phalanges of the
superficialis nerve. assists in flexing
+radius + ulna medial 4 fingers
proximal phalanx
and hand.

The deep layer of the muscles of the front of forearm

From the
From the
anterior surface
anterior
of the shaft of Flexes distal
Flexor pollicis distal phalanx of interosseus
the radius and phalanx of
longus the thumb nerve (branch of
radial half of the thumb
the median
interosseus
nerve).
membrane
• Flexes distal
From the • Its lateral half: phalanx of
anterior and from the anterior fingers;
medial surface of interosseus • assists in
inserted into the
the shaft of the nerve (branch of flexion of middle
Flexor digitorum distal phalanges
ulna and and the median and proximal
profundus of the medial 4
anterior medial nerve). phalanges
fingers.
half of the • It medial half: 3. Helps of
interosseus from the ulnar flexion of the
membrane. nerve hand at the wrist
joint.
From the
From the Into the anterior anterior
Pronation of the
Pronator anterior surface surface of the interosseus
forearm at the
quadratus of the shaft of shaft of the nerve (branch of
radio-ulnar joints
the ulna radius the median
nerve).
Contents of the Lateral Fascial Compartment of the Forearm

Lateral
Stabilizes the elbow
supracondylar
Base of styloid joint during flexion
ridge
Brachioradialis process of Radial Nerve
lateral
radius rotates forearm to the
epicondyle of
midprone position
the humerus
 Posterior
Lateral
surface of base
extensor carpi supracondylar Extends and abducts
of second Radial Nerve
radialis longus ridge of hand at wrist joint
metacarpal
humerus
bone

The Superficial group

Posterior
the lateral surface of base Nerve supply:
Extensor carpi Extends and abducts
epicondyle of of third deep branch of
radialis brevis hand at wrist joint
the humerus metacarpal the radial nerve
bone
Nerve supply: by
*It forms four the posterior
Extensor interosseous
digitorum tendons, each Extends the index,
of nerve which is
(It is the major middle, ring, and little
from the lateral which passes the continuation
extensor of the fingers;
epicondyle of into a finger of the deep
four fingers
the humerus branch of the
(index, middle, can also extend the
(see the pic that radial nerve after
ring, and little wrist
fingers))
has * in the next it emerges from
page)
the supinator
muscle
Extensor Posterior
expansion of interosseous
the lateral
Extensor digiti little finger nerve Extends the little
epicondyle of
minimi (Dorsal hood (not mentioned in the finger
the humerus
of the little slides, I think the doc
finger) just forgot to add it)

Lateral Base of fifth Posterior

Extensor carpi Extends and adducts
epicondyle of metacarpal interosseous
ulnaris the wrist
humerus bone nerve

Abduction of the ulna

Lateral
olecranon Nerve supply: in pronation;
Anconeus epicondyle of
process of ulna Radial nerve accessory extensor of
humerus
the elbow joint

*
 Deep group

Front and
lateral and
Nerve supply:
posterior Supination the
*Supinator Deep branch of
surfaces of the forearm
Radial Nerve
upper 1/3 of
the radius.

Nerve supply:
Base of the 1st
Abductor pollicis posterior Abducts and extends
Metacarpal
longus interosseous thumb
bone
nerve.

Not required Base of the Nerve supply:

Extends
Extensor pollicis proximal posterior
Metacarpophalangeal
brevis phalanx of the interosseous
joint of the thumb.
thumb. nerve.
Nerve supply:
Base of the
Extensor pollicis posterior Extends the distal
distal phalanx
longus interosseous phalanx of the thumb
of the thumb
nerve.
Its tendon
joins the Nerve supply:
extensor posterior Extends all the joints
Extensor indicis
expansion of interosseous of the index finger
the index nerve
finger

❖ Blood supply: Posterior and anterior interosseous arteries

❖ Nerve supply: Deep branch of the radial nerve

Done by Waseem Aldemeri

Refreneces:

All of the information is from Dr. Amjad Shatarat’s slides.

Images are from: get body smart, kenhub and some are from the slides.

Good luck to you all