Topics

❖ Quantity
❖ Representation of Vectors
❖ Different types of Vector
❖ Resultant of Vector
▪ Law of Triangle
▪ Law of Polygon
▪ Law of Parallelogram

❖ Magnitude and direction of the resultant by the Parallelogram Law

❖ Mathematical Examples
❖ Some Properties of Vector Addition
 Quantity
❖ Physical characteristics of matter that can be measured are called quantities.
We can classify physical quantities into two categories-

Scalar Vector
Quantity Quantity
Scalar and Vector Quantity

2m
A 2m 2m
D
2m

B C
 Examples of Vector Quantity
➢ Displacement
➢ Velocity
➢ Momentum
➢ Acceleration
➢ Force
➢ Torque
➢ Electrical intensity
➢ Area/Surface (Surprise!!!)
 Representation of Vectors

A B

Final point
Initial point

Length of line → Magnitude of Vector

Direction of arrow → Direction of Vector
 Different Types of Vector

Equal vector Opposite vector Collinear Vectors

 Different Types of Vector

Coplanar Vectors
 Different Types of Vector

Null Vector Reciprocal Vectors Position Vector

Different Types of Vector

Unit Vector
 Different Types of Vector

Rectangular Unit Vector

መ
𝐤
መiሶ Y
መjሶ

X
 Poll Question-01

❑ The vector whose value is one unit is known as-

(a) Zero vector

(b) Like vector
(c) Unlike vector
(d) Unit vector
Resultant of Vectors
 Resultant of Vectors : Triangle Law
❖ Statement: If two similar vectors acting at a point can be represented by two
consecutive sides of a triangle taken in order, then the third side will give the
resultant vector in the reverse order.

A B
P
Determination of Resultant : Law of Polygon

F
E

B
A
 Poll Question-02
A

B C
Which one is True?

(a) AB + BC = AC

(b) BA + AC = B𝐶

(c) CB + BA = CA
(d) All
 Determination of Resultant : Parallelogram Law
❖ Statement: If two similar vectors acting simultaneously at a point can be
represented both in magnitude and direction by two adjacent sides of a
parallelogram, then the diagonal from the point of intersection of these sides gives
the resultant vector both in magnitude and direction.

P
 Position Vector

Y
P Applying Triangle Law on ΔOPQ

OQ = OP + PQ
Q  OQ − OP = PQ

 PQ = OQ − OP

O X
 Magnitude of Resultant from Parallelogram Law

P
 Direction of Resultant from Parallelogram Law

C B

Q
α
θ
O P A D
 Some Special Cases

𝛼 = 0° 𝛼 = 180°
 Some Special Cases

α = 90°

Q Q
θ

P
 Vector Addition: Parallelogram law

❖ R=P+Q
❖ Magnitude of Resultant R = p2 + Q2 + 2PQ cos 𝛼
Qsin 𝛼
❖ Angle with P, θP = tan−1 P+Q cos 𝛼

❖ Angle with Q, θQ =
❖ R max =
❖ R min =
 Practice Problem
❖ Two vectors are 20 unit and 8 unit respectively. What will be the resultant when
they act at an angle of 600 ?
 Practice Problem
❖ Maximum and minimum resultant of two vectors are 20 unit and 8 unit respectively.
What will be the resultant when they act at an angle of 600 ?
 MCQ Question

❑ The resultant of two equal vectors is equal to each of the vectors.

What’s the angle between them?

(a) 600
(b) 450
(c) 1200
(d) 1350
Properties of Vector Addition

Commutative Law

P+Q = Q+P
P

Q
Q

P
Properties of Vector Addition

Associative Law

P + Q + R= P + (Q + R)
R

P
 Properties of Vector Addition

Distributive Law

m P + Q = mP + mQ
D
B

O P A C