Social Habilitation Centre

IFC Stage Design Report

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(PTY) Limited is solely for the use of the Client identified on the cover
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Quality Information

Document Name: IFCStage –Design Repor

Document Number: 21071-ME-RPT-DOC-00-000-0001 Date: Issued as per Revision date below

Prepared by: Reddy Prasad Reviewed by: Dharvish Rowther Authorised by: Yashin Maharaj

Designation: Senior Mechanical Engineer Designation: Principal Mechanical Engineer Designation: MEPI Technical Director

sign sign Sign

Revision History

Authorised by

Revision Revision Date Details Name/Position Signature

00 8 September 2022 RIBA3 – 100% SUBMISSION (PART 1) Dalia Moufarrege

01 7 October 2022 RIBA3 – 100% SUBMISSION (PART 2) Dalia Moufarrege

03 14 October 2022 RIBA3 – 100% SUBMISSION (PART 2) – Structural Foundation Design Update Dalia Moufarrege

04 12 January 2023 RIBA4 – 100% DD Submission Dalia Moufarrege

05 17 February 2023 Tender Submission Dalia Moufarrege

06 06 July 2023 Issued for Construction Dalia Moufarrege

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 AlUla Habilitation Campus
RIBA Stage 4 Detailed Design Report

Ta bl e o f Co n te n ts

9.1 Report Overview .................................................................................................................... 3

9.1.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 3
9.1.2 Development Assets ............................................................................................................ 3
9.1.3 Report Content ..................................................................................................................... 3
9.1.4 Definitions............................................................................................................................. 3
9.1.5 System Design Rationale..................................................................................................... 4
9.1.6 Mechanical Cooling System Design Rationale................................................................... 4
9.1.7 Utility Infrastructure Provisions .......................................................................................... 4
9.1.8 Bulk Utility Load Estimates ................................................................................................. 4
9.1.9 Design and Operational Principles ..................................................................................... 4
9.2 Sustainability .......................................................................................................................... 4
9.3 Mechanical Engineering ......................................................................................................... 5
9.3.1 Design Standards ................................................................................................................. 5
9.3.2 Basis of Design .................................................................................................................... 5
9.3.2.1 General Design Parameters.......................................................................................... 5
9.3.2.2 HVAC Internal Design Conditions ................................................................................ 6
9.3.2.3 Air Infiltration................................................................................................................. 6
9.3.2.4 Building Envelope Thermal Performance .................................................................... 6
9.3.2.5 Design Margins ............................................................................................................. 7
9.3.2.6 Occupancy Casual Gain ............................................................................................... 7
9.3.2.7 Internal Gains ................................................................................................................ 7
9.3.2.8 Ventilation...................................................................................................................... 7
9.3.2.9 Cooling Load Density and Load Estimate ................................................................... 8
9.3.3 Mechanical Systems Design Principles .............................................................................. 8
9.3.4 Smoke Management Systems ........................................................................................... 10
9.3.5 Essential Power Supplies .................................................................................................. 12
9.3.6 Critical Power Supplies...................................................................................................... 12
9.3.7 Building Management System (BMS) ............................................................................... 12
9.3.8 MEP Plant Access, Maintenance and Replacement Strategy.......................................... 13

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9.1 Report Overview

9.1.1 Introduction 9.1.4 Definitions

The overall intent of this report is: The following definitions will be applicable in the mechanical systems design:
• To provide a conceptual overview of the mechanical services for the proposed Habilitation Campus, Alula. Definitions
• To highlight the relevant codes, standards, strategies and design criteria used to form the Basis of design of
the Mechanical Services Definition Description
• To describe the proposed Building Mechanical systems that serve the building. ACH Air change per hour
• To capture design assumptions made at this stage AHJ Authority Having Jurisdiction
• To identify design options which will form the basis for discussion with the stakeholder prior to AHU Air Handling Unit
commencement of the next stage of the project ASHRAE American Society of Heating and Refrigeration Engineers
• To serve as a live document for capturing, recording and improvising all design decisions undertaken with BMS Building Management System
the Client and other stakeholders during the design stages. BoH Back of House
CAPEX Capital Expense
9.1.2 Development Assets
CCU Close Control Unit
The details of the mechanical engineering services systems are captured within this report and will be developed CIBSE Chartered Institute of Building Services Engineers
by SSH through future stages of the design. SEC Saudi Electricity Company
The proposed development comprises of the following elements: CD Local Civil Defence
• Early Childhood Education and Therapeutic Centre. DX Direct Expansion
• Male Training/ Habilitation and Vocational Rehabilitation Centre. ESP Electrostatic Precipitator
• Female Training/ Habilitation and Vocational Rehabilitation Centre. FCU Fan Coil Unit
FLS Fire and Life Safety
As part of the schematic design stage, the report has been put forward for basic strategies and asset demarcation
FoH Front of House
philosophy as outlined in further sections of this report. Although there are three buildings, the entire development
will be owned and managed by the single Client/Operator. A rationale decision making process has been HWS Hot Water Supply
undertaken to provide technical recommendations for the engineering strategies for the concept design stage. HWR Hot Water Return
ID Interior Designer
Before the commencement of the subsequent design stage the proposed assumptions and the engineering IDU Indoor Unit
strategies proposed at the Schematic design stage will be reviewed and agreed with the Client in order to ensure IOP Institute of Plumbing
that all their expectations have been met. This is important to ensure a smooth transition to the subsequent design kW / KWHr Kilowatts / Kilowatt hours
stages with minimal abortive work.
LPG Liquid Petroleum Gas
NFPA National Fire Protection Association
At the Schematic design stage, conceptual estimation of the bulk utilities demand and Mechanical allowances for
the various spaces are based on experience on similar projects, local regulations, International Standards and OA-AHU Outdoor Air - Air Handling Unit
best engineering practice. This report will be reviewed and re-validated as and when in the detailed design phases. OPEX Operational Expense
PRV Pressure Reducing Valve
9.1.3 Report Content TER Technical Equipment Room
TSE Treated Sewage Effluent
This Building Services concept design report should be read in conjunction with other relevant sections of the VAV Variable Air Volume
master concept design report to have an overall understanding of the inter-relationships and design decision VRF Variable Refrigerant Volume
criteria taken for the design of the Building’s mechanical engineering services systems.
UBC Uniform Building Code
The following sub-sections are covered in the Building services concept design report:
• System Design Rationale;
• Asset Management Strategy;
• Bulk utility load assessment;
• Mechanical Engineering Design Description
• Sustainability

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9.1.5 System Design Rationale

Bulk Utility Loads Summary
The building services’ system strategies have been developed as part of an integrated design process in Item System BULK Estimate Utility Network Remarks
conjunction with the Client, existing site conditions, most notably the architects and structural engineers.
From a building services design perspective, the design rationale has been developed taking into Building Cooling 2390 KW (680 On-site Cooling – VRF Heat
consideration the optimisation of the various system designs space utilization and to minimise overall 1 Not available
(Peak) TR) Pump System per Building
CAPEX as far as is practical and at the same time keeping the quality and safety uncompromised.
Refer to submitted detailed heat load calculation and Ventilation Calculations.

9.1.6 Mechanical Cooling System Design Rationale 9.2 Sustainability

Based on the high-level life cycle cost analysis, client presentation on 26th August 2021, subsequent discussions
with the client, evaluating the advantages, disadvantages and other operational factors Option-02 has been
adopted as the recommended solution for the project.
Key features of the Proposed Cooling System Strategy (Option-02) are:
Building will be provided with comfort cooling by On-site Variable Refrigerant Flow (VRF) Heat Pump System
per building. Following is the outline of the system:
• The VRF system system are suitable for both heating and cooling provisions for both summer cooling and
winter heating options.
• Dedicated ceiling suspended AHUs for main entrance, dining and multi-purpose rooms. AHUs shall be with
VFD and will have their own VRF outdoor condensing units connected via refrigerant pipework and expansion
kit.
• The indoor units shall be with ECM motors for variable air flow.
• Series of indoor units serving the first floor and ground floor Foh and Boh spaces coupled to respective VRF
outdoor condensing unit.
• Common OA-AHUs per building providing pre-treated outside air to the building shall be equipped with Air to
Air energy recovery and where feasible demand control ventilation to promote energy savings. The unit shall
have its own dedicated VRF condensing units coupled via refrigerant pipework and expansion kit.
• Each outdoor air system along with indoor unit shall be linked to BMS for control and monitoring purpose.
Space temperature shall be controlled via room thermostat located within the occupied space.
• No direct means of metering and billing of cooling system will be provided except energy monitoring will be
done via BMS.
SSH shall be required to achieve compliance with minimum requirements of SBC Code 1001 Green Buildings.
Sustainable developments aim to find a balance between the four pillars: Economic, Environment, Social and
Cultural. The project team is committed to creating a sustainable building compliant with the requirements of
the defined Sustainability guidelines. Together with the four founding pillars of sustainability, the practicality of
construction (including considerations of program, space, and function) will be considered to guide design
development and ensure the proposed solutions can be delivered in a cost effective and time efficient manner.
Following main energy efficiency measures have been adopted in the design:
• Stringent building thermal properties
• Air to Air Heat Recovery for Fresh air
• Energy Efficient Motors for pumps
• High efficiency Airconditioning units.
• Energy Metering and Sub metering to understand the building consumption and take necessary corrective
actions.
Project team used best design practices as a basis for this exercise in line with the minimum requirements of
SBC Code 1001. Third party sustainability certification like LEED/ Breeam will not be targeted.

9.1.7 Utility Infrastructure Provisions

The current design assumes that all incoming and outgoing utilities to/from the development will be available
at the plot boundary from the respective local utility providers (AHJs). SSH will liaise with AHJs to confirm and
coordinate the bulk utility load requirements and tie in points available at the plot boundary.

The following table outlines the conceptual interpretation of the site wide utility infrastructure services for the
development.

Site Wide Utility Infrastructure

Utility Service Provider

Cooling On-site based Cooling System.

9.1.8 Bulk Utility Load Estimates

The following defines the Bulk Utility Load Estimates for the project.

9.1.9 Design and Operational Principles

The following tables summarizes the cooling loads for the development based on the detailed heat load
calculations carried out with HAP program.

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9.3 Mechanical Engineering

Applied Standards: Mechanical / Public Health / Drainage / Fire Fighting
9.3.1 Design Standards
Reference Organization / Publication Title
9.3.1.1 Relevant Codes Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems in low rise residential occupancies
NFPA 13R
The Design and the development of the technical documentation and specifications for the building Services system
will be based on the following codes, specifications, regulations, and industry standards, where applicable. The NFPA 14 Standard for the installation of Standpipe and Hose Systems
primary basis for the design will be the governing codes for KSA and any other relevant international code references
NFPA 15 Standard for Water Spray Fixed Systems for Fire Protection
within these documents. In the absence of any information within the Local codes, USA standards (e.g. NFPA,
ASHRAE)/ UK standards (e.g. CIBSE, BS Standards) will be applied to the design. Client specific design guidelines NFPA 17A Standard for Wet Chemical Fire Extinguishing systems
if available will be applied as deemed appropriate.
NFPA 20 Standard for the Installation of Stationary Pumps for Fire Protection

9.3.1.2 Design Units NFPA 22 Standard for Water Tanks for Private Fire Protection

NFPA 24 Standard for the Installation of Private Fire Service Mains and Their Appurtenances
The project design will be based on the Metric SI system unless otherwise stated within these documents.
NFPA 90A Standard for the Installation of Air-Conditioning and Ventilating Systems
Standard for Exhaust Systems for Air Conveying of Vapours, Gases, Mists, and
9.3.1.3 Design References NFPA 91 Particulate Solids
NFPA 92 Standard for Smoke Control Systems
The following table lists the relevant codes and standards which will be applied to design the Mechanical, Public
Health, drainage, and Firefighting systems.
NFPA 92A Standard for Smoke-Control Systems Utilizing Barriers and Pressure Differences

Applied Standards: Mechanical / Public Health / Drainage / Fire Fighting

NFPA 92B Standard for Smoke Management Systems in Malls, Atria, and Large Spaces
Reference Organization / Publication Title
Standard for Ventilation Control and Fire Protection of Commercial Cooking
NFPA 96 Operations
AMCA Air Movement and Control Association
ANSI American National Standard Institute NFPA 170 Standard for Fire Safety and Emergency Symbols

AHRI Air-conditioning, Heating and Refrigeration Institute NFPA 2001 Standard on Clean Agent Fire Extinguishing Systems

ASHRAE American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineers NPC National Plumbing Code Handbook

ASPE American Society of Plumbing Engineers SMACNA Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning Contractors National Association

ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials SBC Saudi Building Code

CIBSE Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers SBC KSA Fire and Life Safety Code of Practice

SEC Saudi Electricity and Water Authority Regulations UL Underwriters Laboratories

EN European Norm
9.3.2 Basis of Design
FM Factory Mutual
The follow defines the Basis of Design adopted on the project and is outlined in the sections below:
HI Hydraulic Institute
IBC International Building Code
9.3.2.1 General Design Parameters
IET Institution of Engineering and Technology
The following weather data will be used for the design of the Mechanical systems.
IMC International Mechanical Code
The Institute of Plumbing Climatic Conditions
IOP
IPC International Plumbing Code Parameter Value Data Source
ISA International Society of Automation Latitude 26º 19’ N ASHRAE
NEMA National Electrical Manufacturer’s Association Longitude 36º 47’ E ASHRAE
NFPA 10 Standard for Portable Fire Extinguishers
Altitude 679m above mean sea level ASHRAE
NFPA 13 Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems

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Climatic Conditions HVAC Design Conditions

Parameter Value Data Source Relative Humidity Operating

Room Temperature (°C) Noise Level (NC)(6)
Range (%)
Absolute maximum ambient (external 46ºC SSH Store (dirty/refuse) As per Specialist Uncontrolled NC 45
equipment) temperature
(1) The design temperatures are based on best practice and ASHRAE HVAC Applications (as applicable).
Design maximum dry bulb temperature 36.1 ºC ASHRAE (2) Kitchen and ancillary areas will generally be within the criteria; however higher temperatures will be experienced
(cooling)
adjacent to cooking equipment.
Design mean wet bulb temperature 25.2 ºC (3) Relative humidity will generally not be controlled. However, Relative humidity design value for cooling load
ASHRAE
(cooling) calculation shall be 50%±5%.
Design maximum wet bulb temperature 26.7 ºC (4) Noise levels indicated are as per CIBSE Guide A, Environmental Design, Table 1.5 and in line with best design
ASHRAE
(cooling) practise.
(5) For technical equipment rooms, Design conditions is as per Manufacturer’s recommendation. For Electrical
Summer Daily Range 13.8 ºC ASHRAE
rooms, design conditions is in accordance with the requirements of local AHJ.
Winter Design temperature 1.9 ºC ASHRAE (6) For ICT and other rooms with special requirements, temperature is in line with specialist input.
Building Weight for cooling load
Medium weight SSH
calculations
9.3.2.3 Air Infiltration
Sustainability accreditation SBC 1001 (as applicable)
In order to maintain positive pressurisation, outdoor air to the building will generally exceed the extract rate by 5%.
Infiltration will be avoided at first instance by providing the air-tight building structure, however following infiltration
rates will be applied in accordance with Saudi Building Code to allow for wind and stack effect and will be
9.3.2.2 HVAC Internal Design Conditions
accounted in the cooling load calculations. Infiltration loads will be applied only to perimeter zones and will be
based on the final building envelope designed by the Façade Consultant.
The following internal design conditions will be applied for the various spaces within the project based on ASHRAE
guidelines. Spaces that are not included within the table will be reviewed during later design development and Air infiltration Rates
agreed design criteria based on recognized standards will be applied.
Air Permeability Infiltration Rate
Building Area
(m³/h/m² h at 50Pa) ACH
HVAC Design Conditions
<250m² 2-3 0.3
Relative Humidity Operating
Room Temperature (°C) Noise Level (NC)(6) 250-500m² 2-3 0.25
Range (%)
Entrance and 2000m² and above 2-3 0.2
23C 1.5C 40% - 60% NC 35
Admissions
Admin Offices 23C 1.5C 40% - 60% NC 35
9.3.2.4 Building Envelope Thermal Performance
Conference Centre 23C 1.5C 40% - 60% NC 30
Thermal characteristics of building elements and heat gain calculations will be based on the following building
WC Facilities 23C 1.5C Uncontrolled NC 45 thermal performance criteria. The final values are still under design and shall be coordinated with the Architectural
team in the next design stage.
Support Services 23C 1.5C 40% - 60% NC 40
Consulting Rooms 23C 1.5C 40% - 60% NC 35
Building Thermal Properties
Habilitation Therapy
23C 1.5C 40% - 60% NC 35
Room Building Element U-Value (W/m²K) Shading Coefficient
Vocational Therapy
23C 1.5C 40% - 60% NC 35 Exposed Walls 0.35 n/a
Room
External Glazing Ground Floor and
Shared Support 23C 1.5C 40% - 60% NC 40 1.10 0.35
Skylights
LV Room 28C max Uncontrolled NC 50
External Glazing First and Second Floors 1.10 0.35
Pump TER 28C max Uncontrolled NC 50
Roofs and Exposed Floors 0.25 n/a
Store (general) 28C 1.5C Uncontrolled NC 45

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9.3.2.7 Internal Gains

Building Thermal Properties
The following Internal heat gains will be applied for the various spaces within the project based on
Building Element U-Value (W/m²K) Shading Coefficient ASHRAE guidelines, where applicable. Spaces that are not included within the table will be reviewed
and agreed with the Client during the next stage.
Floor between Ground and Lower Ground
1.25 n/a Internal Gains
Floor
Occupancy
Room Lighting Gain Equipment Gain
Density
9.3.2.5 Design Margins
Entrance and
20 m²/person 8 W/m² (1) 15 W/m²
The following margins and safety factors will be applied in accordance with good design practice and International Admissions
standards. Admin Offices 20 m²/person 8 W/m² (1) 15 W/m²
Design Margins
Conference Centre 2 m²/person 8 W/m² (1) 5 W/m²

Margin Factor Source WC Facilities - 8 W/m² -

Sensible Load safety factor (1) 10% ASHRAE Support Services 3.5 m²/person 8 W/m² 5 W/m²

Latent Load safety factor (1) 5% ASHRAE Consulting Rooms - 8 W/m² -

Fan Static Pressure safety factor 10% SSH Habilitation Therapy

5 m²/person 8 W/m² -
Room
Pump Static Pressure safety factor 10% SSH
Vocational Therapy
(1) The specified margins will be applied to room load calculations and air-conditioning systems and subsequent - 8 W/m² TBC
Room
sizing of the internal cooling systems.
Shared Support - 8 W/m² Varies
LV Room - 8 W/m² Varies
9.3.2.6 Occupancy Casual Gain
Pump TER - 8 W/m² 4 W/m²
Occupant Heat gains are based on a room temperature of 24°C, in accordance with ASHRAE Handbook –
Store (general) - TBC (9) TBC
Fundamentals, Chapter 18, Table 1 is summarised below. The relevant occupancies shall be used as applicable to
the project. Store (dirty/refuse) - 8 W/m² 5 W/m²
Occupancy Casual Gains Store (dirty/refuse) 20 m²/person 8 W/m² 15W/m²

Degree of Total Heat Sensible Heat Latent Heat WC/Toilet areas 20 m²/person 8 W/m² 15W/m²
Location
Activity (Watts) (1) (Watts) (Watts) (1) Reference Standards: CIBSE TM 37, ASHRAE 90.1 Standards and SBC.
Seated, very Office, Hotels, (2) Lighting gains include display lighting load of 8 W/m² as per Lighting Consultants confirmation.
115 70 45
light work Apartments (3) Subjected to local AHJ requirements.
Moderately Office, Hotels,
9.3.2.8 Ventilation
active office Apartments. Meeting 130 75 55
work rooms
Ventilation for various occupied areas of the building will be provided in accordance with ASHRAE 62.1 Standards
Standing, light Department Stores, and at a nominal rate as listed below.
130 75 55
work, walking Retail Stores
Ventilation Provisions
Walking, Drug store, bank, lobby,
145 75 70 Extract Air
standing reception Outdoor Air Ventilation
Room Ventilation Rate
Rate (Nominal)
Sedentary work Restaurant, F& B (2) 160 80 80 (Nominal)

Light bench Entrance and Admissions 2.5 L/s/person and 0.3 L/s/m² -
Commercial kitchens 220 80 140
work
Admin Offices 2.5 L/s/person and 0.3 L/s/m² -
(1) Based on mix of male and female
Conference Centre 3.5 L/s/person and 0.3 L/s/m² -
WC Facilities - 25 L/s/cubical

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Ventilation Provisions • Plant space available and capex

Outdoor Air Ventilation
Room
Rate (Nominal)
Support Services 2.5 L/s/person and 0.3 L/s/m²
Consulting Rooms 2.5 L/s/person and 0.3 L/s/m²
Habilitation Therapy Room 2.5 L/s/person and 0.6 L/s/m²
• ODU heat of rejection criteria
Extract Air • Maximum vertical lift of refrigerant based systems
Ventilation Rate • Maximum overall run of refrigerant pipework
(Nominal)
• Ease of operation for the end user
- • Long term OPEX costs both consumption and maintenance.
Based on the size of the building and estimated cooling load VRF Heat pump system has been adapted for the
project.

Vocational Therapy Room 2.5 L/s/person and 0.6 L/s/m²

Shared Support 2.5 L/s/person and 0.3 L/s/m² 9.3.3.3 Building Cooling System - VRF Heat Pump System per Building

LV Room 2.5 L/s/person and 0.3 L/s/m² Variable Refrigerant Flow (VRF) system is an energy efficient and intelligent system works on the principle of direct-
Pump TER 0.3 L/s/m² expansion (DX) cooling with multiple indoor units connected to a common outdoor condensing unit. The indoors units
are similar to fan-coil unit (ducted/non-ducted) and are connected to outdoor unit via refrigerant pipework. Floor-
Store (general) 0.3 L/s/m² mounted AHUs are also available that can be connected to its own dedicated VRF system. The outdoor units are
required to be in an open to sky space or within a space with guaranteed ambient air-circulation necessary for unit
Store (dirty/refuse) - 5 L/s/m² operation.
Entrance and Admissions 2.5 L/s/person and 0.3 L/s/m² All refrigerant based systems are proprietary systems and need to come as a matched indoor and outdoor unit setup
and this especially critical for VRF systems, given the system configuration has multiple permutations all of which
(1) Reference Standard - ASHRAE 62.1 and Saudi Building Code.
will need to be fully checked by the successful supplier with the Contractor to ensure it operates correctly.

9.3.2.9 Cooling Load Density and Load Estimate Key features of the Proposed Cooling System Strategy are:
• Building will be provided with comfort cooling and heating by On-site Variable Refrigerant Flow (VRF) Heat
As part of Schematic design, cooling load for the project has been assessed based on preminary heat Pump System per building. Following is the outline of the system:
load calculatons with HAP programme. Ventilation loads are calculated separately based on ASHRAE • VRF Heat pump system provides both Heating and Cooling.
62.1. However, these cooling loads are subject to refinement based on the design development and
• Dedicated ceiling suspended AHUs for main entrance, dining and multi-purpose rooms. AHUs shall have their
confirmation on the AV/IT concept for various spaces.
own VRF outdoor condensing units connected via refrigerant pipework and expansion kit.
• Series of indoor units serving the first floor and ground floor Foh and Boh spaces coupled to respective VRF
9.3.3 Mechanical Systems Design Principles outdoor condensing unit.
• Common OA-AHUs per building providing pre-treated outside air to the building shall be equipped with Air to Air
The following defines the Air conditioning and Ventilation Systems Design Principles for the project. energy recovery and where feasible demand control ventilation to promote energy savings. The unit shall have
its own dedicated VRF condensing units coupled via refrigerant pipework and expansion kit.
9.3.3.1 General Overview • Each outdoor air system along with indoor unit shall be linked to BMS for control and monitoring purpose. Space
temperature shall be controlled via room thermostat located within the occupied space.
• No direct means of metering and billing of cooling system will be provided except energy monitoring will be done
The intent of the following sections of the report is to identify the general engineering systems for the proposed
Habilitation Campus project. via BMS.

9.3.3.4 Space Heating

As the design progresses, these systems shall be developed to consider Client and stakeholder recommendations,
but with every effort taken to retain the overarching principles and strategies defined in this concept design stage.
9.3.3.2 Air Conditioning Systems
There are number of factors influence the selection of the cooling system most appropriate to the project. The major
factors dictating being the physical space required by the cooling system that needs to be well integrated to building
architecture and the life cycle cost of each cooling system.
Keeping in line with the existing building strategy, an on-site cooling approach has been considered for this project.
Following specific planning considerations to incorporate in the design formed basis of Air conditioning System
Selection Criteria which go beyond the capital cost of the Air Conditioning System. Key items considered:
As the ambient conditions experienced in Riyadh is notably hot in summer and relatively cold in the nights of the
winters, Heat Pump VRF Series shall be proposed to cater for the heating during winter months.
With the integration of high-performance glazing and high thermal U-values for opaque facade elements, the need
for space heating for the majority of the year is reduced as far as possible.
Where appropriate, the use of re-heat for humidity control of specific areas will be determined as the design
progresses though this is expected to be limited to zones with high occupancy only.
With the integration of high-performance glazing and high thermal U-values for opaque facade elements, the need
for space heating for most of the development will be reduced as far as possible. The use of heat recovery within
the OAHUs enables pre-heating of the incoming cool outdoor air since the exhausted room air will be warmer.

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9.3.3.5 Comfort Cooling wheels are provided in addition to the enthalpy wheel to reheat the cooled and dehumidified outdoor air to neutral
condition. Outdoor air handling units are provided with Economizers for free cooling during Winter conditions.
The comfort cooling systems described in the concept design report provides air conditioning to various spaces within The outdoor air systems are designed to:
the development, but without humidity control, i.e., the relative humidity will vary throughout the day and year but • Provide good indoor air quality
given reasonable control of the cooling set-point for the local systems, mitigating uncontrolled infiltration and • Offset extract air
reasonable occupant usage the relative humidity should vary between nominal conditions of 40 to 60%, which lies • Afford building pressurisation
within the comfort range of building occupants. At peak cooling loading times the upper limit may be exceeded for
short periods. OAHU for each building is located on the building roof. Both outdoor and extract air shall be ducted and terminated
Comfort cooling systems for different assets are typically selected based on the application, function and built form at the space. Intake and extract for OA-AHUs shall be adequately separated to prevent short circuiting and in
of that particular asset. Cooling strategies for the various assets within the project as indicated in the following table: accordance with ASHRAE 62.1 recommendations.

9.3.3.7 Central Corridor Cooling

Comfort Cooling Strategies

Asset Area Served Adopted Comfort Cooling System Central corridors shall be comfort cooled by localoized IDU’s. The supply air distribution will be through high level
linear slot diffusers located in the perimeter of the corridor in line with the agreed ID design.
Open Office Plan Landlord Areas Ceiling Concealed Ducted IDUs
The change in system from central ai handling unit to localized IDU’s is carried out to reduce the big shaft ducts and
Treatment Rooms Landlord Areas Ceiling Concealed Ducted IDUs the complex control philosophy. Localized control will be provided for these IDU’s from the central BMS interface.
This opion will also reduce the duct sizes in the respective floor to achive higher corridor ceiling heights by strategically
Meeting Rooms Landlord Areas Ceiling Concealed Ducted IDUs locating the IDU’s
Waiting and reception Ceiling Concealed Ducted IDUs
Landlord Areas
areas
Back of House (BoH) Ceiling Concealed Ducted IDUs 9.3.3.8 Open Office Plan Management Offices, Treatment Rooms and Meeting Rooms
Landlord Areas
areas/circulation/corridor
BoH toilets Landlord Areas Ceiling Concealed Ducted IDUs The offices, treatment rooms and other FoH areas will generally be comfort cooled via ceiling void mounted ducted
IDUs. The air diffusion arrangement shall be with linear slot diffusers. Finishes shall be in line with interior designer
Central Corridors Landlord Areas Ceiling Concealed Ducted IDUs details.
MEP TERs Landlord offices Exposed decorative IDUs/ AHUs
9.3.3.9 Public (FoH) Toilets
Telephone Ducted IDUs located outside the room
Landlord Areas
room/GSM/BMS
The FoH toilets will generally be comfort cooled via ceiling void mounted ducted IDUs. Small private toilets will
Stores Landlord Areas Exposed Decorative Indoor Units/CUs not be directly cooled as infiltration from conditioned space to compensate for the extract will be sufficient.
(1) Units will be supplied, installed, operated, maintained and managed by the Landlord/operator.
(2) IDU – Indoor Unit/FCU (Fan coil unit), AHU – Air handling unit, KAHU – Kitchen Air handling unit, MAHU – 9.3.3.9.1 Back of House (BoH) areas
Make up Air handling unit, CCU – Close Control Unit
The BoH areas such as service corridors, circulation space, service lobbies will generally be comfort cooled via
9.3.3.6 Ventilation dedicated ceiling void mounted ducted IDUs.

In order to maintain good indoor air quality within the various zones, minimum outdoor (or fresh) air and extract air 9.3.3.10 Ground floor Café Dining Area
flow rates to each space are in accordance with ASHRAE 62.1 and Saudi Building Code Ventilation Standards.

The café will generally be comfort cooled via ceiling void mounted ducted FCUs/ AHUs. The final design of the
The outdoor air ventilation systems typically incorporate dedicated outdoor air system via enthalpy wheel energy restaurant and café will be reviewed further in the next stage based on updated architectural and interior design
recovery outdoor air handling units (OAHUs) serving the entire premises. For areas with occupant density greater layouts. The FCUs and its associated temperature control will be connected to the BMS to enable
than 25 people per 100 m² like open office plans, energy efficient controls such as Indoor air quality monitoring, monitoring/setback/scheduling, etc.
demand control ventilation (DCV) is specified.
The type and location of grille/diffusers will be selected during the detailed design stage in coordination with the
Interior Designer.
ASHRAE 62.1 and Saudi Building Code ventilation standards will be adopted whilst locating air intake and extract The false ceiling/ ceiling void shall be utilized for return air purposes wherever feasible.
outlets to ensure minimum separation distances are maintained to prevent cross contamination of clean air with dirty
air.
9.3.3.11 Stores
The outdoor air will be decoupled from the comfort cooling systems and will be filtered, cooled and dehumidified prior
to supply to the respective zone(s). Outdoor air is generally supplied close to neutral conditions directly into the Cooling for the large stores will be by wall or ceiling mounted exposed IDUs.
space to ensure good indoor air quality is maintained with minimal risk of condensation within ceiling voids. Sensible

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9.3.3.12 Refuse Rooms
Split DX Refrigeration systems will be proposed for the Food waste storage rooms (chilled and insulated cold
room) to maintain low temperature levels to limit decomposition. These units will be specified to be provided as
part of the waste management contractor’s scope of works. Required roof condensing units will be considered in
design with other service provisions.
9.3.3.13 Technical Equipment Rooms (TERs)
Cooling to the TERs will be generally provided via wall or ceiling mounted, exposed IDUs.
For the LV room multiple IDUs located outside the space will be provided to cool the spaces to maintain
temperatures within acceptable levels permitted by the Local Authority having Jurisdiction.
Electrical rooms housing emergency MCC panels will be provided with a duty and standby ID units. Standby ID
units will be backed up with emergency generator power supply.
9.3.3.14 AV Room
Cooling to the AV rooms will be by ceiling mounted ducted IDUs. The unit arrangement will comprise of a duty
and standby unit to ensure redundancy.
9.3.3.15 Air conditioning zones
Considering maximum thermal comfort to occupants each enclosed space will be considered with independent
temperature control.
9.3.3.16 Kitchen Ventilation
Based on the minutes of meeting with the Client, the main cooking, main preparation and main storage will be
carried offsite and the Ktchen area will be for heating, basic preparation and will be allowed for dishwashing and
waste holding only. Hence, this will not be catogorized as main commercial Kitchen.
The kitchen area will be provided with dishwash exhaust and dedicated exhaust for the waste holding area. Exact
cooking requirement is yet to be confirmed by the client. The extract fans will be located on the roof of the building.
In order to mitigate any risk of leakage from ductwork, the kitchen extract ductwork will be maintained at negative
pressure, with the extract fans located at the point of discharge.
Pre-treated Make up air shall be provided by the fresh air handling unit located on roof. This shall maintain the
cooking areas under negative pressure in relation to the dining area. To maintain a positive building air balance
within the dining area and prevent excessive infiltration to this space, sufficient outside air shall be provided to the
recirculation air handling units serving these areas. This outside air shall be pre-treated to a neutral specific
humidity ratio of 8.7g/kg dry air to indirectly reduce the humidity levels within the comfort range for these areas.
Outside air from the makeup air handling units shall be supplied by means of galvanized ducting systems and shall
be distributed through constant air volume ceiling type diffusers or integral kitchen canopies to the kitchen.
Dedicated Dish wash extract ducts systems shall be provided with 1.2 mm thick grade 304 stainless-steel ducts.
9.3.3.17 Generator room ventilation
Generator room ventilation air intake will be through louvers located on generator room wall behind alternator directly
from outdoor space and warm radiator exhaust air will be discharged eternally.
Social Habilitation Centre for Royal Commission of AlUla | July 2023
Radiator exhaust air temperature being warm and close to 58 ˚C shall be carefully discharged in suitable location
and minimum above 2.4 m from ground level to avoid blowing directly onto walkways.
Generator room will be considered with general ventilation when generator is not in operation and during cool down
period, which will also improve conditions inside the room during maintenance.
9.3.3.18 Smoking Room Ventilation
No dedicated smoking ventilation provision will be allowed in the design.
9.3.4 Smoke Management Systems
Based on the proposed height of the building, the building is categorized as low-rise building as per local SBC Fire
code no specific pressurization and smoke extract systems are required for the project.
However, based on FLS consultant recommendation that the facility is for people with special needs it is prudent
following smoke management system is considered in the design:
• Car Park Ventilation System
• Staircase pressurisation systems;
• Elevator Lobby Pressurization Systems
• Corridor Pressurozation System
9.3.4.1 Car Park Ventilations Systems
This section highlights the carpark ventilation strategy for RCU car park ventilation. The building comprises of one
level of Basement shared between the male and female Habilitation building.
9.3.4.1.1 Code Requirements and Code Compliance
• Following Codes shall be considered for carpark ventilation requirements:
• SBC Codes-201, 501 and 801.
• BS 7346-7 Smoke and Heat Control Systems.
• ASHRAE Applications Handbook.
• CIBSE Guide B
With local codes taking precedence to International Standards, International Standards shall be used wherever local
codes are silent. Local SBC Code 501 section 404 require a minimum ventilation rates of 0.25l/s per m2 with system
capable of ventilating 3.8l/s per m2 of floor area. For fire mode smoke purging, the code is silent for parking garage.
However, reference has been made to NFPA-92 and a minimum of 2 air change per hour is required in general for a
smoke removal from the building in accordance with SBC Code 201 and 801. Although, not very clearly defined in
the code, it is also understood that both ‘Ducted’ and ‘Ductless (jet fans)’ Systems are acceptable in Saudi.
9.3.4.1.2 Design Consideration
For Basement carpark, there will be mechanical forced ventilation with dedicated fans to push air in and out of the
parking spaces. Mechanical forced ventilation system shall provide adequate ventilation to maintain Carbon
monoxide (CO) levels as well as provide Smoke Purging during emergency or fire event. System shall be capable of
removing smoke from one of the fire zone in accordance with code requirements.
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9.3.4.1.3 Carpark Ventilation Modes Pollution Detection

The principal pollutant to consider in car park design is carbon monoxide (CO). The concentration of other pollutants,
In accordance with codes requirements and based on best engineering practices, following three modes of operation
for mechanical forced ventilation shall be adopted for the car park areas: such as nitric oxides (NO) mean that they are usually considered less critical. CO is a colourless, odourless and
poisonous gas produced from the incomplete combustion of carbon-based fuels. Sensors can be located throughout
the car park to measure CO levels and operate the ventilation system on demand and shall be linked to BMS. The
• 3 Air Changes per Hour (ACH) (Setback ventilation mode)
entire system will have to operate at high speed until the required pollutant levels are achieved.
Setback ventilation utilised to maintain CO (carbon monoxide) levels below 30ppm (parts per million) serving all
carpark areas/levels. CO sensors shall be located in each 400m² zones.

• 6 Air Changes per Hour (ACH) (High carbon monoxide mode) 9.3.4.2 Staircase Pressurization System
Normal ventilation mode, if CO levels recorded in any carpark area raise above 50ppm, the ventilation system shall
ramp up to achieve 6ACH within the carpark areas. Ventilation systems shall sustain this flowrate until carbon In accordance with codes requirements and based on best engineering practices, the two staircased in the building
monoxide is diluted sufficiently and falls below 30ppm. will be pressurized as per NFPA and Saudi Building Code Requirements.

• 10 Air Changes per Hour (ACH) (Fire mode)

Ventilation systems that provides general ventilation to parking areas shall be capable of achieving 10ACH to fire
zone on fire floor. During fire mode, fans shall operate to achieve the require amount of ventilation flow rate. It is
assumed that fire will happen only on one floor and shall be contained to one smoke zone.

9.3.4.1.4 Carpark Smoke Zones

The estimated carpark area for one basement floor is approximately 6,000m2. This large area has to be split into
multiple zones in order to contain the smoke within a localized zone and to keep ventilation system of reasonable
size with available building physical constraints. SBC Code is silent on the size of the smoke zone. BS7346-7 on the
other hand require smoke zone to be 2000m2.
Based on 2000m2, three smoke zones have been proposed for each basement carpark level. Fan shall be located
on the the basement level and shall be enclosed in a dedicated fan rooms. The location of fan rooms and riser has
been identified and shall require further coordination and integration with Architectural design as design progresses.

9.3.4.1.5 Fresh Air/Exhaust Terminal Locations

The main air intakes and exhaust shall be located on ground floor level. Based on initial discussion with Architect, it
is proposed to have ventilation louvers on itake and exhaust turrets located on the ground floor of the building. This
shall be further detailed during next design phase.

9.3.4.1.6 System Description – Ducted Ventilation System

The most serious issue within parking garages and parking spaces is the emission of high levels of carbon monoxide
(CO) by cars. Other concerns related to enclosed garages are the presence of oil and gasoline fumes, and other Staircase Pressurisation Schematic Diagram
contaminants such as oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and smoke haze from diesel engines. It is therefore extremely
important that these pollutants are removed efficiently and effectively. Ducted carpark ventilation can provide uniform 9.3.4.3 Lift Lobby Pressurization System
air distribution when ductwork is laid out and distributed across the carpark areas. In addition, in accordance with
various authority code requirements and based on good engineering practices, 50% of the exhaust air outlets is
In accordance with codes requirements and based on best engineering practices, the two staircased in the building
required be placed at the low level. This is effective in picking CO which is heavier than air.
will be pressurized as per NFPA and Saudi Building Code Requirements.
Ducted ventilation system can operate on the same design principle of split smoke zones as outlined in the previous
sections of this design note. The smoke zoning that divides the carpark areas into multiple zones assist in restraining
the size of the ducted ventilation system particularly when there are space constraints.

In case of signal from BMS, In similar way, smoke detectors and ventilation fans shall be linked to fire alarm panel
and shall operate fans at fire mode capacity

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9.3.7 Building Management System (BMS)

A fully automated Building Management System (BMS) shall be provided to facilitate efficient management of
various systems installed in the building including associated control, monitoring and logging of alarms and energy
usage.

The BMS system shall be used to control and monitor the major functions of the systems, plant and equipment
inclusive of monitoring and logging of all operational parameters for energy usage analysis and maintenance
programming.

The BMS shall consist of Direct Digital Controllers (DDC) located at various mechanical plant rooms, ELV rooms or
other technical rooms interconnected by either a dedicated (MSTP / LON) supervisory network or building Ethernet
backbone. In case the supervisory network is implemented over the Ethernet backbone, a dedicated VLAN shall be
provided for security purpose.

All buildings shall be connected to one BMS. The BMS shall be provided with one front-end located in the
engineering office or a suitable location advised by Client.

A Portable Operator Terminal (POT) / laptop shall be provided for technicians to verify operation of plant equipment
from field.

Operational parameters of all connected equipment shall be presented on graphic pages on the workstations. Major
equipment operational parameters shall be presented on dynamic graphics.

Lift Lobby Schematic Diagram The BMS shall control and monitor the systems listed below using discrete Input Output lines:
Fire rated and insulated ductwork will be specified for smoke clearance systems, with the fans being configured on a
• Monitoring of VRF condensing units. Control will be via VRF intelligent controller.
duty arrangement. Fire rating of all equipment and ancillaries will be in accordance with the requirements of the Local
AHJ. All electrical supplies will be fire rated and will be backed up by the life safety generator. • Outside Air Handling Units (OAHU) and Recirculating Air Handling Units (RAHU)
All life safety pressurisation fans will be configured in a duty standby arrangement, with all ancillaries and associated • Fan Coil Units (FCU).
electrical supplies configured similar to the smoke clearance system. • VSD’s associated with the above equipment.
BMS shall monitor the operation of the following equipment. Control of this equipment shall be by integral controls /
The smoke management systems will be connected to the respective smoke control panel within the Fire command other systems such as Fire Alarm (F/A) System.
centre room located on the ground floor. This will permit the local AHJ to control the operation of the smoke
• Domestic water booster sets
management systems.
• Irrigation pumps
9.3.5 Essential Power Supplies • Sump pumps
• Circulation / transfer pumps
Essential systems are systems required to operate in the event there is an emergency and includes systems related • Hot water generation system
to the fire and life safety systems. The following Air Conditioning and Ventilation systems shall be provided with • Weather Monitor
essential power supplies:
• All fire life safety systems including smoke control fans, Motorized Smoke/Fire Dampers (MSFD), Smoke
• Main Security and Server Room (stand-by DX cooling units only). Dampers (SD)
• Smoke Management Fans • Water Tanks
• Fire Pump Room Ventilation fans. • Domestic Water Meters
• Car Park Ventilation Fans • Standby generators
• Emergency Lighting System
9.3.6 Critical Power Supplies
• Main Distribution Boards
Critical systems are systems required to operate in the event of a power failure. These systems are not related to • Aircraft Warning Lights (AWL)
the fire and life safety systems. The following Air Conditioning and Ventilation systems shall be provided with critical • Fuel Tanks
power supplies: • Capacitor Banks for Power Factor
• Main Security and Server Room (stand-by DX cooling units only). Following equipment shall be integrated with BMS via a standard communication Protocol. Communication protocol
• IDF Rooms and Main Incomers room. for third party equipment integration shall be an industry standard protocol such as BACnet, Modbus or M-Bus.

• Main Uninterrupted Power Supply (UPS)

• Power Monitoring Units (PMU) in MDBs

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Following equipment will not be monitored / controlled by BMS.

• Lifts and Escalators 9.3.8 MEP Plant Access, Maintenance and Replacement Strategy

9.3.7.1 Fan Coil Units All the major central air conditioning units are located on the roof of the respective buildings. Also, due to
Architectural and building aesthetic requirements the equipment and service reticulations on roof shall be covered
Fan Coil Units (FCU) in FOH and BOH areas shall be controlled by dedicated controllers which shall be connected by roof caopies.
to BMS.
Considering the above factors and to optimize the canopy areas on roof, the Mechanical equipment shall be
9.3.7.2 Alarms strategically located in a confined space considering the access and maintenance requirements to all the
equipment on roof.
BMS shall monitor hardwired and computed alarm conditions of all connected equipment.
Hence an roof equipment and access plan with equipment replacement strategy has been devopled and included
Alarms shall be recorded in internal database, displayed on BMS workstations and printed on dedicated alarm printer. as part of the drawings issued as part of the main package. Refer to the below image as an illustration to the plan.

Alarms shall be categorized by priority level. The service and maintenance access to all equipment for equipment repair, coil cleaning and access, filter cleaning
and replacement, motor service and replacement etc will be identified from the service staircase to the respective
BMS shall have the capability to communicate selected priority levels of alarms to assigned personnel via SMS / equipment as illustrated in the image below. Also, the plan indicates the requirement of cross over ladders over
email.
MEP sevices.
9.3.7.3 Reports However, regarding the replacement of heavy equipment, the equipment will be shifted to the designated
BMS shall be capable of generating customized reports of following types: equipment loading and unloading area through the service access and shall be lifted with cherry picker from the
ground floor. The passage and access for the cherry picker has been developed by Architects in coordination with
• Status / performance of connected plant and equipment
Landscape and transport consultants.
• Alarm records
• Operator login / logout The below image depicts the access and maintenance path for the Femal and Male Building. Similar plan has been
• Data analysis including trend logging developed for the Childhood and submitted as part of the main package.
• Equipment run hours
• Energy and water usage

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RIBA Stage 4 Detailed Design Report

Roof Equipment Access, Maintenance and Replacement Plan

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Roof Equipment Access, Maintenance and Replacement Plan

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