OSSEI BAAFOUR KWASI – 9258017

Question 1

a. Distribution mains: Water distribution systems consist of a network of smaller pipes

with numerous connections that supply water directly to the users.
b. Transmission mains: Transmission lines have high and fairly constant capacities. The
trunk main conveys water from the treatment plant to the distribution areas.
c. Booster station: Pumps maintain pressures in the system, fill high elevated reservoirs
and supply from low elevated reservoirs
d. Service Reservoirs: Clear water storage facilities that store. They can be at the source or
any favorable place in the community at a higher elevation. It helps meet constant
production of water with variable supply and can also supply water in emergency
situations. It can be underground or ground level or elevated
e. Appurtenances i.e. valves. The valves improve the reliability of the distribution system
and minimize loss of water especially during leakages.
Question 2
Annual quantity = 15,000,000m3; Population = 100,000

Revenue = GH₵6,000,000.00 Rate =GH₵0.5/m3

15 000000
a. Delivery on an average consumption day = =41095.89 m3 /d
365
b. Percentage unaccounted for:
If GH₵ 0.5=1 m3
Then GH₵ 6000000 = x
6000000 3
Therefore, x = =12000000 m
0.5
15000000−12000000
Percentage unaccounted for = x 100=20 %
15000000
60 9000000m3
c. x 15000000=
100 yr
Specific consumption per capita per day assuming 60% is for domestic use
9000000 0.247 m3
=
365 x 100000 d
Question 3

Population = 4 annual water consumption = 185m3

185 3
a. Specific consumption per capita per day = =0.1267 m /c/d
4 x 365
b. Instantaneous Peak factor at a flow of 300/hr
flow at a particular time
Peak factor =
average flow
185
Average flow = x 1000=21.12 l/hr
365 x 24
300
P.F = =14.20
21.12
Question 4
Factors that affect water demand
1. Projection of total consumption from historical growth trends
2. Projection based on per capita consumption
3. Projection based on population growth trends for domestic category
4. Forecast based on assessment of growth trends of other main consumer categories
5. Forecast based on development plans and programmes