Reminders

Midterm Quiz 1 is on October 25, 2022

Tips:
 Take down notes (rewrite)
 Make your own summary (equations)
Bernoulli equation,

Derived using
1) Conservation of
momentum
2) Energy Equation
Bernoulli equation,

  
 
     
 
 
 
2  2 


  

  
   
Limitations on the Use of the Bernoulli Equation

1. Steady flow
2. Frictionless flow
3. No shaft work
4. Incompressible flow
5. No heat transfer
6. Flow along a streamline






  
   
           
 2  2    
   
  

 

 
2 


 
  

Pressure Head
Velocity head
Elevation head
5–5 ■ APPLICATIONS OF THE BERNOULLI EQUATION

EXAMPLE Spraying Water into the Air

Water is flowing from a hose attached to a water main at 400 kPa gage. A
child places his thumb to cover most of the hose outlet, causing a thin jet
of high-speed water to emerge. If the hose is held upward, what is the
maximum height that the jet could achieve?


    400,000 
       
 2  2  
 
  1000  9.81 

  
 
  .  !

 



400 
  
 
1000  



400,000 
 

 
1000  

Bernoulli equation

Conservation of mechanical energy principle

Unsteady, compressible flow

Static, Dynamic, and stagnation pressure

Static, Dynamic, and stagnation pressure
Limitations on the use of the Bernoulli Equation

1. Steady flow
2. Frictionless flow
3. No shaft work
4. Incompressible flow
5. No heat transfer
6. Flow along a streamline
Hydraulic Grade Line (HGL)
Energy Grade Line (EGL)
Graphical representation of Mechanical Energy
5–40 A Pitot-static probe is used to measure the
velocity of an aircraft flying at 3000 m. If the
differential pressure reading is 3 kPa, determine
the velocity of the aircraft.

5–41 While traveling on a dirt road, the bottom of

a car hits a sharp rock and a small hole develops at
the bottom of its gas tank. If the height of the
gasoline in the tank is 30 cm, determine the initial
velocity of the gasoline at the hole. Discuss how
the velocity will change with time and how the
flow will be affected if the lid of the tank is closed
tightly.