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CET0122.1– PHYSICS FOR ENGINEERS LABORATORY

ACTIVITIES AND EXPERIMENTS
2ND SEMESTER AY 2020 - 2021

Subject
Group
Code - CET 0122.1-9 3
No
Experiment Section

4 Click or tap here to Course & BSChE 1-

Name:
enter text. Year: 2
Rotational
Lab
Dynamics Professo
Maculeta E.
Omiles
Date:
r:

Laboratory Report
DATA AND RESULTS:
FREE-BODY DIAGRAM
Draw the free- body diagram of the system.
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CET0122.1– PHYSICS FOR ENGINEERS LABORATORY
ACTIVITIES AND EXPERIMENTS
2ND SEMESTER AY 2020 - 2021

A. Rotational Dynamics of Common Objects

Solid Spherical Solid Cylindrical

Mass Distribution
Sphere Shell Cylinder Shell
Radius, m 2m 2m 2m 2m
Mass, kg 5kg 5kg 5kg 5kg
Force, N 35N 35N 35N 35N
Torque, N-m 70 N ∙ m 70 N ∙ m 70 N ∙ m 70 N ∙ m
Angular Acceleration, 8.75 rad /s
2
5.25 rad /s
2
7 rad /s
2
3.5 rad /s
2
rad/s2
Translational 17.5 m/s
2
10.49 m/s
2
14 m/s
2
7 m/s
2

acceleration, m/s2
Moment of inertia, 8 kg ∙ m
2
13.33 kg ∙ m
2
10 kg ∙ m
2
20 kg ∙ m
2
kg-m2
Angular velocity, 9.08 rad /s 5.24 rad / s 7.16 rad /s 3.71rad /s
rad/s
Rotational Kinetic 329.79 J 183.00 J 256.33 J 137.64 J
Energy, J
Rotational Power, W 635.60W 366.80W 501.20W 259.70W

Calculations:

Moment of Inertia

Solid Sphere
2
I=
2mr
Spherical Shell
5 2
2mr
2 ( 5 kg ) (2 m)2 I=
I= 3
5
I = 8 kg ∙ m 2
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CET0122.1– PHYSICS FOR ENGINEERS LABORATORY
ACTIVITIES AND EXPERIMENTS
2ND SEMESTER AY 2020 - 2021
2 2
2 ( 5 kg ) (2 m) I= 13.33 kg ∙ m
I=
3
Solid Cylinder I= 2
10 kg ∙ m
2
I=
mr
2 Cylindrical Shell
I = mr2
(5 kg ) (2 m)2 I = (5 kg)(2m)2
I=
2 I = 20 kg ∙ m2

Angular Velocity
wf2=w02+2

Solid Sphere Spherical Shell

wf2=02+2(8.75 rad/s2) wf2=02+2(5.25 rad/s2)
3π 5π
2 6
wf = wf =
2
√ 82.46680716 rad /s √ 27.48893572rad / s2
wf = 9.08 rad/s wf = 5.24 rad/s

Solid Cylinder Cylindrical Shell

7π wf2=02+2(3.5 rad/s2)
wf2=02+2(7 rad/s2) 5π
6
wf = 8
wf =
√ 51.31268001rad / s2
wf = 7.16 rad/s √ 13.74446786rad /s2
wf = 3.71 rad/s
Rotational Kinetic Energy
1 2
Krot = IW
2
Solid Sphere Spherical Shell
Krot = Krot =
8 kg m 2 ¿(9.08 rad / s)2 13.33 kg m2 ¿ (5.24 rad /s )2
1 1
¿ ¿
2 2
Krot = 329.79 J Krot = 183.00 J

Solid Cylinder Cylindrical Shell

Krot = Krot =
10 kg m2 ¿ (7.16 rad /s)2 20 kg m2 ¿ (3.71 rad / s)2
1 1
¿ ¿
2 2
Krot = 256.33 J Krot = 137.64 J

Rotational Power
Prot = tw

Solid Sphere
Prot = (70 Nm)(9.08rad/s)
Prot = 635.6 W Spherical Shell
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CET0122.1– PHYSICS FOR ENGINEERS LABORATORY
ACTIVITIES AND EXPERIMENTS
2ND SEMESTER AY 2020 - 2021
Prot = (70 Nm)(5.24rad/s)
Prot = 366.8 W
Solid Cylinder Cylindrical Shell
Prot = (70 Nm)(7.16rad/s) Prot = (70 Nm)(3.71rad/s)
Prot = 501.2W Prot = 259.7 W

Observations:

B. Torque vs Radius

Mass Distribution Cylindrical shell

Mass, kg 7 kg
Force, N 40 N
Trials Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3
Radius, m 1 1.5 2
Torque, N-m 40 60 80
Angular Acceleration, 5.71 3.81 2.86
rad/s2
Translational 5.71 5.71 5.71
acceleration, m/s2
2 2 2
Moment of inertia, kg-m2 7 kg ∙ m 15.75 kg ∙ m 28 kg ∙ m
Angular velocity, rad/s 6.92 rad/s 4.47 rad/s 3.46 rad/s
Rotational Kinetic 167.60 J 157.35 J 167.60 J
Energy, J
Rotational Power, W 276.8 W 268.2W 276.8 W

Calculations:

Cylindrical Shell

Moment of Inertia
I = mr2

Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3

I = (7 kg)(1m)2 I = (7 kg)(1.5m)2 I = (7 kg)
(2m)2
I = 7 kg ∙ m 2 I= 15.75 kg ∙ m
2
I=
2
28 kg ∙ m
Angular Velocity
wf2=w02+2

Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3

4π 5π
wf2=02+2(5.71 rad/s2) wf2=02+2(3.81 rad/s2)
3 6
2π
wf2=02+2(2.86 rad/s2)
3
wf = √ 47.83598414 rad / s2 wf = √ 19.94911335 rad /s 2 wf =
2
√ 11.97993999 rad /s
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CET0122.1– PHYSICS FOR ENGINEERS LABORATORY
ACTIVITIES AND EXPERIMENTS
2ND SEMESTER AY 2020 - 2021
wf = 6.92 rad/s wf = 4.47 rad/s wf = 3.46
rad/s

Rotational Kinetic Energy

1
Krot = I W2
2
Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3
2 2 2 2
7 kg m ¿(6. 92 rad /s) 15.75 kg m ¿ (4. 47 rad / s)
Krot = 1 Krot = 1 Krot =
¿ ¿
2 2
28 kg m2 ¿ (3. 46 rad /s )2
1
¿
2
Krot = 167.60 J Krot = 157.35 J Krot =
167.60 J
Rotational Power
Prot = tw

Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3

Prot = (40 Nm)(6.92rad/s) Prot = (60 Nm)(4.47rad/s) Prot = (80 Nm)
(3.46rad/s)
Prot = 276.8 W Prot = 268.2W Prot =
276.8 W
Observations:

C. Torque vs Force

Mass Distribution Cylindrical shell

Mass, kg 7 kg
Radius, m 1.5
Trials Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3
Force, N 15 30 50
Torque, N-m 22.5 45 75
Angular Acceleration, 1.43 2.86 4.76
rad/s2
Translational 2.14 4.29 7.14
acceleration, m/s2
Moment of inertia, kg-m2 15.75 15.75 15.75
Angular velocity, rad/s 2.74 3.87 4.99
Rotational Kinetic 59.12 117.94 196.09
Energy, J
Rotational Power, W 61.65 174.15 374.25

Calculations:

Cylindrical Shell

Moment of Inertia
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CET0122.1– PHYSICS FOR ENGINEERS LABORATORY
ACTIVITIES AND EXPERIMENTS
2ND SEMESTER AY 2020 - 2021
Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3
I = (7 kg)(1.5m)2 I = (7 kg)(1.5m)2 I = (7 kg)
(1.5m)2
I = 15.75 kg ∙ m2 I= 2
15.75 kg ∙ m I=
2
15.75 kg ∙ m
Angular Velocity
wf2=w02+2

Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3

5π 5π
wf2=02+2(1.43 rad/s2) wf2=02+2(2.86 rad/s2)
6 6
5π
wf2=02+2(4.76 rad/s2)
6
wf = √ 7.487462491rad / s2 wf = √ 14.97492498rad / s2 wf =
2
√ 24.92330172rad / s
wf = 2.74 rad/s wf = 3.87 rad/s wf = 4.99
rad/s

Rotational Kinetic Energy

1
Krot = I W2
2
Trial 1 Trial 2

2 2
15.75 kg ∙ m ¿(2.74 rad /s)
Krot = 1 Krot =
¿
2
2 2
15.75 kg m ¿ (3.87 rad /s)
1
¿
2
Krot = 59.12 J Krot = 117.94 J

Trial 3
15.75 kg . m2 ¿( 4.99 rad /s)2
Krot = 1
¿
2
Krot = 196.09 J

Rotational Power
Prot = tw

Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3

Prot = (22.5 Nm)(2.74rad/s) Prot = (45 Nm)(3.87rad/s) Prot = (75 Nm)
(4.99rad/s)
Prot = 61.65 W Prot = 174.15W Prot =
374.25W

Observations:
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CET0122.1– PHYSICS FOR ENGINEERS LABORATORY
ACTIVITIES AND EXPERIMENTS
2ND SEMESTER AY 2020 - 2021

CONCLUSION:
In Newton’s Law for a rotating body, the equation could be τ =Iα or
τ
α= where τ is the torque, I is the moment of inertia, and α is the
I
angular acceleration. This equation is analogous to Newton’s second law of
motion in translational dynamics, where torque is analogous to force, the moment
of inertia is analogous to mass, while the angular acceleration is analogous to
acceleration. Although they are analogous to each other, they are not totally the
same because, in a rotating body, there are other factors that should be
considered first. Like in solving for torque, it was shown that radius is also a factor
aside from the force.

In this experiment, it was observed that angular acceleration is inversely

proportional to the moment of inertia. It means that as the moment of inertia
increases, the angular acceleration decreases. It was also found out that the
moment of inertia of the four objects used resulted in different values because of
their difference in mass distribution. Although they have the same mass, the
moment of inertia also depends on the mass distribution by how far or close it is
to the axis of rotation. In the experiment, among the four, the solid sphere had
the greatest acceleration because its mass distribution is the closest to the axis
making its moment of inertia the smallest.

In terms of Rotational Kinetic Energy and Rotational Power, it was found

out that they are directly proportional to angular acceleration. A decreasing
angular acceleration means that its velocity is also decreasing. Since Rotational
Kinetic Energy and Rotational Power are directly proportional to the velocity,
whenever the velocity increases or decreases, it is also the same for Rotational
Kinetic Energy and Rotational Power.

In the second and third parts of the experiment, the relationship of torque
to the radius, and torque to force was observed. It was shown that as the radius
and the force increase, the torque increases as well. This proves that torque is
directly proportional to the radius and force.
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CET0122.1– PHYSICS FOR ENGINEERS LABORATORY
ACTIVITIES AND EXPERIMENTS
2ND SEMESTER AY 2020 - 2021

QUESTIONS:
1. Which object in procedure A has the greatest rotational kinetic energy?
Lowest? Explain your answer.

2. In procedure B, how do the radius of the rotating object affect its net
torque and kinetic energy? Explain your answer.

3. In procedure C, how do the applied force affect the net torque and
kinetic energy of the rotating object? Explain your answer.

4. A torque of 50.0 N-m is applied to a grinding wheel (I = 20.0 kg-m 2) for

20 s. (a) If it starts from rest, what is the angular velocity of the grinding
wheel after the torque is removed? (b) Through what angle does the
wheel move while the torque is applied? (OpenStax – University Physics
Volume 1)
Click or tap here to enter text.
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CET0122.1– PHYSICS FOR ENGINEERS LABORATORY
ACTIVITIES AND EXPERIMENTS
2ND SEMESTER AY 2020 - 2021

5. A uniform cylindrical grindstone has a mass of 10 kg and a radius of 12

cm. (a) What is the rotational kinetic energy of the grindstone when it is
rotating at 1.5× 103 rev/min? (b) After the grindstone’s motor is turned
off, a knife blade is pressed against the outer edge of the grindstone
with a perpendicular force of 5.0 N. The coefficient of kinetic friction
between the grindstone and the blade is 0.80. Use the work energy
theorem to determine how many turns the grindstone makes before it
stops. (OpenStax – University Physics Volume 1)
Click or tap here to enter text.
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CET0122.1– PHYSICS FOR ENGINEERS LABORATORY
ACTIVITIES AND EXPERIMENTS
2ND SEMESTER AY 2020 - 2021
APPENDIX

A. Radian in Part B and C

Radian , θ Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3

B. Torque vs Radius 4π 5π 2π
3 6 3
C. Torque vs Force 5π 5π 5π
6 6 6

B. Torque vs Radius (Picture of Set-ups)

Trial 1 Trial 2

Trial 3

C. Torque vs Force (Picture of Set-ups)

Trial 1
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CET0122.1– PHYSICS FOR ENGINEERS LABORATORY
ACTIVITIES AND EXPERIMENTS
2ND SEMESTER AY 2020 - 2021

Trial 2 Trial 3