Republic of the Philippines

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Region I
Division of Ilocos Sur

SELF-LEARNING KIT IN
GENERAL
MATHEMATICS
11
LESSON TITLE:

REAL-LIFE AND PIECE-WISE

FUNCTIONS

Developed by
Writer: Ma. Cristina R. Urolaza, T II
Reviewers: Jenina Pauline Cardenas, T II
Sheryl A. Villaflor, T II
Florence Pilotin, T II
Nestor G. Villaflor, EPS – Math
Illustrator: Ma. Cristina R. Urolaza, T II
Administrators: Jorge M. Reinante, SDS
Nestor C. Heraña, ASDS
Maria Salome R. Abero, CID Chief
Nestor G. Villaflor, EPS - Math
Teacher-writer

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 QUARTER # 1
SELF- LEARNING KIT #
1

FOREWORD
This Self Learning Kit (SLK) is designed as one of the main tools in learning Mathematics
and is based on the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) in Mathematics. This is
an initiative of the Schools Division of Ilocos Sur to achieve the goals of the Department of
Education for Learning Continuity in Basic Education Curriculum amidst the COVID-19
pandemic.

It is expected that each learner will study carefully and diligently each of the lessons
included in each SLK. However, any supplementary tools or other forms of learning
modalities like video-lessons, TV-assisted instructions, online learning or online coaching by
teachers can also be undertaken to ensure quality education on blended learning
approaches.

Each of the given activities and assessments is to be answered by the learner himself and
answers should be written on separate sheets of paper to be submitted to the teachers concerned
within a specified period of time..

LEARNING COMPETENCIES

At the end of the lesson, you are expected to:

1. Represent real-life situations using functions, including piece-wise
functions. (M11GM-Ia-1)

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 LESSON PROPER

Many of the equations used to describe real-life relationships between two

quantities are functions. In many situations in Science, Business, and Mathematics,
a correspondence exists between two sets of objects. The idea of correspondence
plays a central role in the formulation of the concept of function. You have already
had experiences with correspondences in everyday life. For example:
 To each person there corresponds an age.
 To each item in a store there corresponds a price.
 To each circle there correspond an area.
 To each cellular phone there correspond a mobile number.

SHORT DISCUSSION

The word correspondence can be described as relation. Let’s define and

distinguish a function from a mere relation.

A relation is a rule that relates values from a set of values (called the domain
or x) to a second set of values (called the range or y).

There are three types of relation, these are One-to-One, many to-one, and
one-to many.

 One-to-One is a type of relation which maps an element of A to one element

of B.
A B

Philippines
Malaysia
Vietnam
Singapore
.

figure 1

As seen in the figure1, each element of A (country) maps exactly one element
of B (flag). That is, one flag is to one country.

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  Many-to-One is a relation which maps two or more elements of A to the same
element of set B.

A B

Alligators Wetlands
Snakes
Sharks
Ocean

figure 2

As seen in the figure 2, element 1 (Alligators) and 2 (Snakes) of set A maps

the same element in set B(Wetlands). It is in this example that explains that in our
ecosystem, different animals live in one habitat.

 One- to-many is a relation which maps an element of A to two or more

elements of set B. One element of A have different image in B.

A B

Arian
Jenina
Sheryl
Lowella
Florence
Ashlei

figure 3

As seen in the figure 3, element 3(Florence) in set A maps two elements

(Lowella and Ashlei) in set B. One example of this in real life is You and your friends.

A function is a “special” kind of relation where each element in the domain is

related to only one value in the range by some rule. It is also a set of ordered pairs
(x, y) such that no two ordered pairs have the same x-value but different y-values.

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 The table below shows the different ways on how to represent relation and
functions.

Representation Mere Relation Function

Set of Ordered g= {(1, 2), (2,3), (3,4), (1, 4)} f= {(1,2), (2,3), (3,4), (4,5)}
pairs *(1,2) and (1,4) are ordered *not the same x-value but
pairs with the same x-value different y-values
but different y-values.
Table of values x 0 1 0 x -1 0 1
y 1 0 -1 y 0 1 0

There is one element in x for Each value of y is unique for

which there is more than one specific value of x.
corresponding y-value. x=0
corresponds to y=1 or -1.

Mapping
Diagrams 0 -1 0 -1
1 1 1 1
-1 0 -1 0

0 in x is mapped to two No element in x is mapped

elements in y which is -1 and more than once in y.
1.
Graphs

A relation between two sets of A graph represents a function

numbers can be illustrated by if and only if each vertical line
a graph in the Cartesian intersects the graph at most
coordinate plane. once.

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 Real Life Socrates is the class section of Manila is the capital of the
Situations Ana and Marie. Philippines.

Sinait National High School is

the school of John and Peter. A person has a unique
fingerprint.

Functions can be used to model real-life situations. Some situations can only
be described by more than one formula. This situation is the so-called Piece-wise
function.
Example1: A user is charged P300.00 monthly for a particular mobile plan, which
includes 100 free text messages. Messages in excess of 100 are
charged P1.00 each. Represent the amount a customer pays each
month as a function of the number of messages (m) sent in a month.

Solution1: Let t(m) represent the amount paid by the costumer each month. It can
be expressed by the piece-wise function

300
t(m) = if 0< m ≤100
300+m if m > 100

Example2: A jeepney ride costs ₱8.00 for the first 4 kilometers, and each additional
integer kilometer adds ₱1.50 to the fare. Use a piecewise function to
represent the jeepney fare in terms of the distance d in kilometers.

Solution2: The input value is distance and the output is the cost of the jeepney fare.
If F(d) represents the fare as a function of distance, the function can be
represented as follows:
8 if 0 < d ≤ 4
F(d) =
8+ 1.5 [d] if d > 4

Note: The symbol [d] denotes the greatest integer of floor function applied to d. The
floor function applied to d. The floor function gives the largest integer less
than or equal to d, e.g. [4.1] = [4.9] = 4.

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 EXERCISES

Exercise 1: FUNCTIONS

NAME: _______________________________ Score: ______________

Year & Section: _________________________ Date: _______________

Directions: Tell whether each item represents a function or not. Write “F” if it is a
function and “R” if it is not. WRITE YOUR ANSWER ON A SEPARATE SHEET.

___________1. {(2,4), (3,6), (4,8), (5,10), (6,12)}

___________2. {(10, -10), (5, -5), (0,0), (5,5), (10, 10)
___________3. {(0,1), (1,1), (2,1), (3,2), (4,2), (5,2)}
___________4. {(-1, 4), (0,3), (1,2), (2,1)}
___________5. {(1,1), (2,1), (3,1), (1,2), (2,2), (3,2)}

6. 7. 8.

____________9. x(year) 2017 2018 2019

y(expenses P400,000 P450,000 P350,0000
)

1
2 4
4 5

7
____________10.

GENERALIZATION

Important Concepts: RELATIONS are rules that relate two values, one
from a set of inputs and the second from the set of outputs. FUNCTIONS are rules
that relate only one value from the set of outputs to a value from the sets of inputs.
All functions are relations, however, not all relations are functions.

APPLICATION

Give your best answer to the following:

1. Provide a real-world example or scenario that can be expressed as a relation.
2. Provide a real-world example or scenario that can be expressed as a linear
function.
3. A videoke machine can be rented for P1,000 for three days, but for the fourth
day onwards, an additional cost of P400 per day is added. Represent the cost
of renting a videoke machine as a piece-wise function of the number of days it
is rented.

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 ANSWER KEY

EXERCISES
Exercise 1: Functions

1. F
2. R
3. F
4. F
5. R
6. R
7. F
8. R
9. F
10. R

APPLICATION
1. SAMPLE
ANSWER:
Destination
versus tricycle
fare: for P50 you
can go anywhere
within 3
kilometers.

2. SAMPLE
ANSWER:
Distance versus
time if traveling
at a constant
speed.

3. {1000+400
1000
( x−3 )

REFERENCES
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Book
 Versoza, DM B., et.al, (2016), Teaching Guide for Senior High School.
General Mathematics. Lexicon Press Inc.
 Banigon Jr.,R. Camilo G.G., Manalo, C.B. Grade 11 General Mathematics for
Senior High School Educational Resources Corporation

Internet

 Hamada, S. (1999-2020). Shimane International Center.

https://www.sic-info.org/en/services/lending/national-flags/

 Relations, Graphs, and Functions

https://saylordotorg.github.io/text_intermediate-algebra/s05-01-relations-
graphs-and-functions.html

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