Earth Science/ GeoScience

The branch of science dealing with the

physical constitution of the earth and its
atmosphere.
It encompasses all science that seek to
understand …

Earth
Earth Neighbors in space
 Earth Science Includes:
 Geology
 the study of Earth
 Oceanography –
 the study of ocean
 Meteorology
 The study of the atmosphere and the process tht
produces water.
 Astronomy-
the scientific study stars, planets, and
other objects in outer space
The study of objects and matter
outside the earth’s atmosphere and of
their physical and chemical properties
 Astrology-
the study of movements and position of stars and planets in the
belief that they influence human behavior and destiny
-also called as Obsolete Astronomy
Cosmology
an account or theory of the origin of the universe.
-the science of the origin and development of the universe
-the branch od astronomy involving the origin and
evolution of the universe from the Big Bang to today and on into
the future
 Formation Of Earth
 Most researchers conclude that earth and the other
planets formed at essentially the same time ..
 Nebular HYPHOTHESIS
 The solar system evolved from an enormous rotating
cloud called nebular
 It composed of Nitrogen and Helium
 About 5 billion years ago the nebula began to contract
 It assumed a flat disk shape with the protosun (pre-sun )
at the center
 Layers Form on Earth as …
Earth formed the decay of radio active elements
and heat from high velocity impacts caused the
temperature to increase.
Lighter rocky components floated outward to
ward the surface.
Gaseous material escaped from earths interior to
produce the primitive atmosphere.
 Earths Major Sphere
Hydrosphere – Ocean is the most prominent
feature of the Hydrosphere
Nearby 71% around earth surface
It holds about 97 % Earths water

Also includes fresh water from, lake streams ,

falls ,glaciers as well as that found underground.
 Earth’s Major Spheres

Geosphere
based on compositional differences .It
consist of the crust , mantle and core.
 CRUST

The thin rocky outer Layer of the Earth

 Mantle

The 2890 kilometer thick layer of earth

located below the crust
 CORE

TheInnermost layer of the earth

located beneath the mantle
 Plate Tectonics
The theory that proposes that
earths outer shell consist of
individual plates that inter act in
various ways and thereby produce
earthquakes, volcanoes, mountains
and earth crust itself.
 Determining Location

Latitude and longitude are lines on

the globe that are used to
determined location.
 Latitude

Indistance north or south of the

equator measured in degrees
 Longtitude

Distanceis or west on the prime

meridian ,measured in degrees
 Maps and Mapping
No matter what kind of map is made
some option of the surface will always
look either too small, too big, or out of
place ,Map makers have , however found
ways to limit the distribution of shape
size, distance and direction.
 Topographic Maps

It represents earth surface in three

dimensions ,they show elevation ,
distance directions and slope angles.
 Contour Lines

Are lines on a topographic map that

indicates an elevation
.
 Contour Interval

Is the distance in elevation between

adjacent contour lines.
System

 Size group of inter acting parts that form a complex whole

People and the
Environment
 Population
Population of the planet is growing
rapidly
Use of minerals and energy has climbed
more rapidly than the over all growth of
the population .
Environmental Problems
Local, regional , global
Caused by people and societies
> urban air pollution
> Acid Rain
> Ozone depletion
> global warning
 Cause by Natural Hazard

 Landslides
 the movement downslope of a mass of rock, debris, earth, or
soil (soil being a mixture of earth and debris).
 Earthquakes
 the shaking of the surface of the Earth resulting from a sudden
release of energy in the Earth's lithosphere that creates seismic
waves.
 Hypothesis

 Tentative or untested explanation

 Theory

Tested, confirmed, supported

hypothesis
 Scientific method

Gather Information
Formulate hypothesis
Test hypothesis to formulate
theories