AFFECTIVE FACTORS

1. People think, but they also have feelings. Learners are emotional
beings.
2. Learning as an emotional process: Before learners actually think about
something, they must want to think about it.
3. Motivation is the set of reasons that determines a person’s desire to do
something. According to the writer, motivation is the relationship between
the cognitive and emotional aspects of learning.
4. Affective factors = emotional factors which influence learning. They can
have a negative or positive effect.
5. Gardner and Lambert identified two forms of motivation: instrumental
and integrative.
6. Instrumental motivation is the reflection of an external need. The
learners are not learning a language because they want to, but rather
because they need to.
7. Extrinsic motivation refers to motivation that comes from outside an
individual. The motivating factors are external, or outside such as
money or grades.
8. Integrative motivation is an internally generated want rather than an
externally imposed need.
9. Intrinsically motivating activities are those in which people will engage for
no reward other than the interest and enjoyment that accompanies
them.
10. With internal motivation, it is much easier to stay academically
motivated.
 11. Language teachers must consider all the factors that can
affect their students in language learning and use appropriate techniques
to motivate learners in classroom.
12. Find out learners’ motivation/needs through formal interview,
questionnaire, survey or informal talk.
13. LEARNING STYLES

Visual/spatial: learn best through seeing (You prefer using pictures,

images, and spatial understanding.)

Musical/rhythmic: learn best through hearing. (You prefer using sound and
music.)

Verbal/linguistic: You prefer using words, both in speech and writing.

Physical/body/kinesthetic: learn best through handling materials & doing

sth. (You prefer using your body, hands and sense of touch.)

Logical/mathematical: You prefer using logic, reasoning and systems.

Group/ Interpersonal: learn best through working with others You prefer
to learn in groups or with other people.

Solitary/Individual/Intrapersonal: learn best through working alone.

You prefer to work alone and use self-study.

Reflective: learn best when given time to consider choices.

14. Lrs need to feel that:

* what they are learning is personally relevant to them,

* they have to experience learning.

* their self-image needs to be enhanced.

 15. Teachers can reduce negative factors & develop positive ones by creating
a learner-centred classroom that encourages learning, rather than punishing
failure, keep criticism to a minimum, encouraging them.

16. If students are not relaxed and feeling positive, then their affected
filter is raised and blocks the input from being absorbed and processed.