CONSTRUCTIVISM

1. Constructivism views learning as a _____________ in which the learner

_______________________ or _____________ new ideas or concepts.
2. Each of us generates our own _____________ and _______________,
which we use to _______________ of our experiences.
3. Learning is simply the process of _____________ our ______________
to _______________ new experiences.
4. In the Constructivist theory the emphasis is placed on the _____________
or the _____________ rather than the _____________ or the
_____________.
5. The learner, therefore, _____________ his/her own conceptualizations
and solutions to problems.
6. Constructivists view learning as the result of _____________________.
Students learn by _____________ new _____________ together with
what they already know. People learn best when they ________________
their own _______________.
7. Learning is affected by the _____________ and the _____________ and
_____________ of the learner.
8. Learners are encouraged to _____________ their own solutions and to try
out ideas and _____________. They are given the opportunity to build on
_______________________.
9. ____ types of constructivism:

- cognitive constructivism which is about how the individual learner

understands things, in terms of __________________________ and
_______________________
 - social constructivism which emphasises how meanings and
understandings grow out of ____________________________.

10. Jean Piaget’s theory of _____________ development suggested that

through processes of _____________and _____________, individuals
_____________ new knowledge from their experiences. He mentioned
_____________ stages in cognitive development.

11. Behaviorism treats learners as ________________, while constructivism

treats them as __________________ of information, making use of their own
past experiences (_____________) to _____________ their own knowledge.

12. Using an ____________________ to deal with a new object or situation is

called _____________.

13. Lev Vygotsky associated with _____________________ which

emphasized the effects of one’s _____________ have on learning.

14. Lev Vygotsky's notion of zone of _____________ development, is the

gap between a learner’s _____________ development determined by
independent problem-solving and the learner's _____________ level of
development.

16. According to Vygotsky, learning occurs with the assistance of

_____________ in Zone of Proximal Development

17. Learning is a search for _____________. Therefore, learning must start

with the issues around which students are _____________ trying to
_____________ meaning.

18. The learning process focuses on _____________ concepts, not

_____________ facts.
 19. In order to teach well, we must understand the _________________
that students use to perceive the world and the _____________ they make to
support those models.

20. The purpose of learning is for an individual to _____________ his or her

own meaning, not just _____________ the “right” answers and _____________
someone else’s meaning.

21. _________________ & __________________________ are the

application of this theoretical background.

22. Constructivism calls for the _____________ of a ________________

curriculum. Instead, it promotes using curricula customized to the students’
______________________. Also, it emphasizes _____________ problem
solving.

23. Under the theory of constructivism, educators focus on making

_____________ between facts and fostering new _____________ in students.
Instructors tailor their teaching strategies to student responses and encourage
students to _____________, _____________, and _____________ information.
Teachers also rely heavily on _________________ questions and promote
_______________________ among students.

24. Constructivism calls for the elimination of _____________ and

_____________ testing. Instead, _______________ becomes part of the
learning process so that students play a larger role in judging their own progress.

25. Constructivism ...

 emphasises _____________ and not _____________

 encourages and accepts learner _____________ and _____________ sees

learners as creatures of will and purpose
 thinks of learning as a _____________

 encourages learner _____________

 acknowledges the critical role of experience in learning

 nurtures learners natural _____________

 takes the learner's _______________________ into account

 emphasises _________________ and _________________ when assessing

learning

 bases itself on the principles of the __________________________ theory

 makes extensive use of cognitive terminology such as _____________,

_____________ and _____________

 considers _____________ the student learns

 encourages learners to engage in _____________ with other students and

the teacher

 supports ____________________ learning

 involves learners in real world situations

 emphasises the _____________ in which learning takes place

 considers the _____________ and _____________ of the learner

 provides learners the opportunity to _____________ new knowledge and

understanding from _____________ experience