Paranaque National High School – Main

Senior High School Department

Kay Talise St. Dr. A. Santos Ave., San Dionisio Paranaque City

In partial fulfillment for the requirements in Research Project

Correlational study about the effects of staying in

fast-food to the student’s academic performance in
Parañaque National High School – Main

Submitted by:
Bersabal, Edward
Caspe, Danica
Japa, Kaye
Lozada, Ivan Kenji

Cookery ALLENO

Submitted to:

Mr. Jonas Samuel S. Busito

SY: 2022 - 2023

 Chapter I

The Problem and Its Back Ground

I.1 Introduction

Fast food industry in the Philippines is in demand for its convenience food products

and taken into consideration as a family-bonding interest or a time for celebration. Most

people, especially students, preferred it to fulfill their hunger quickly as it is less expensive

for everyone. The study aimed to identify any potential correlation between the frequency of

fast food consumption among students and their academic performance. Correlational

studies can provide valuable insights into the relationships between variables, but they

cannot establish causality. Therefore, while this study may reveal a correlation between fast

food consumption and academic performance, it cannot determine whether one causes the

other. Other factors such as socio-economic status, sleep patterns, and study habits may also

contribute to a student's academic performance. Despite this limitation, the findings of the

study can still be useful for policymakers and educators in addressing the potential impact of

fast food consumption on students' academic performance and developing strategies to

promote healthier eating habits among students. Further research, including experimental

studies that manipulate variables and control for confounding factors, is necessary to

establish causality and determine the specific mechanisms through which fast food

consumption may affect academic performance. It is also worth noting that the results of this

study may not be generalizable to all student populations, as participants were limited to a

specific geographic area or demographic group. In conclusion, while this correlational study

provides initial evidence of a potential link between fast food consumption and academic
 performance. The relationship between students' academic performance and they're going to

fast food after class has been a topic of interest among researchers and educators alike.

While some studies have suggested that there may be a negative correlation between the two

variables, others have found no significant association or have even suggested a positive

correlation. We will explore the different perspectives and findings regarding the

relationship between students' academic performance and their tendency to go to fast food

after class. Additionally, we will examine potential explanations for any observed

relationships and the implications that these findings may have on educational institutions

and public health initiatives aimed at promoting healthy habits among students. Overall, this

essay aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the existing research on the relationship

between students' academic performance and their behavior of going to fast food after class.

Furthermore, we will also discuss the limitations of current research and identify areas for

future investigation to gain a deeper understanding of the potential causal mechanisms

underlying any observed relationships between students' academic performance and their

tendency to go to fast food after class. By doing so, we hope to contribute to a more

informed and nuanced conversation around this topic that takes into account the

complexities and nuances of the factors that may influence students' academic performance

and their behavior outside of class.

I.2 Background of the Study

According to Priya (2020), Over the decade, some food service stores have

skyrocketed in the Philippines. From more or less 76,000 shops in 2012, the quantity of

shops improved to 93,000 through 2018. In the used of 2011 Global School-based Student
Health Survey in the Philippines (Priya,2020), the weight and sex of a students also notably

affected the response, wherein the chances of consuming at a fast-food chain for men had

been 33.84% decrease than that of women, and a kilogram increase in a student's weight that

grow theirs through 2.5%. Therefore, most of the students who are men, are more into fast

food products than women.

The effects of fast food on the students' academic performance can have positive and

negative effects such as those who consume a balanced diet can perform better in school,

have better behavior and attendance as well as the tasks given to them are done more

thoroughly than those who do not have a balanced diet. Students can have reasons for

staying in fast food restaurants. For example, students are discussing and doing their school

projects, waiting for some schoolmates or simply eating and enjoying both food and the

place. However, in terms of the effects of it on students' academic performance will be more

in consuming lots of calories that technically does not give a good impression to their body.

Students need to be more aware of their health to perform well in school.

The study is conducted to help researchers and students who stays in fast food after class. It

is significant to know that this study provides information about the effects of staying in fast

food restaurants often.

As the purpose of the researchers, this study will have a goal of knowing the major factors

of the effects of fast food on students ' academic performance and to find out the reasons for

the students to go to fast food. Furthermore, the actions or things that can help those students

to be able to perform well on their studies will be included.

I.3 Statement of the Problem

The study aims to know the effect of fast-food after class to students’ academic
performance of Paranaque National High School – Main, S.Y. 2022- 2023.
1. What is the profile of the students who usually visits fast-food chains after class in
terms of gender, allowance, and grade and section?
2. Does going to fast-food after class have effects on students’ academic performance?
3. Is there a significant effect between staying in fast-food chains after class and
academic performance of students in terms of their health?
4. What are the methods to prevent daily fast-food consumptions?

I.4 Significance of the Study

As a researcher, we encounter a lot of students after class entering fast food

restaurants while doing their academic and discussing something about their lesson or

assignments and seeing them being comfortable to their place to do their studies. Through

this research, beneficiaries; teachers, students, and future researchers, will be able to know

the effects of students staying in a fast-food restaurant after-class to their academic

performance.

The study will be used as a data resource for students and teachers of the school for

relevant programs about the effectiveness of students staying in a fast-food restaurant.

I.5 Scope and Delimitation

The focus of this study will be on how dining at a fast-food restaurant after class

affects students' academic performance. Many kids engage in this behavior, which is why
 the researchers chose the students they interviewed; if they continue to do so, we want to

know if this will have a beneficial or bad effect on their capacity to learn.

The location of instruction will be the Parañaque National High School-MAIN. The

present study will include 100 students as respondents.

The researchers will use a survey instrument they have created in order to quickly

learn the benefits and drawbacks of fast food for them after class.

I.6 Conceptual or Theoretical Framework

I.7 Definition of Terms

Relationship - it includes the the regular interactions, dynamics, and activities that take place

between people or something.

Academic performance - outcome of given tasks from the teachers to their students.

Fast-food consumption - it contains about the behaviors that are associated with the

purchase, consumption, and effects of fast food on people, especially for students and

society.

Factor - a circumstances, fact, or influence that contributes to a result or outcome.

I.8 Review of Related Literature and Studies

Kelly Purtell of Ohio State University said that eating fast food is linked to another problem

which is having a poor academic outcomes. First is in an article written by Guiang (2014) he

mentioned that based on the Ohio State University and University of Texas researchers, students

that ate most fast food had test scores that were about 20 percent lower. Another example of poor

academic outcome is that Liljas (2014) stated that children who regularly eat fast food do not

perform well besides based of Kobayashi, F. (2013), because of their high level of fast food

consumption and BMI, American students’ brains may experience insulin resistance and

decreased glucose supply similar to rats’ brains. In terms of health issues that can be the other

effects about going into fast food restaurants, Allen, K., Taylor, J., & Kuiper, R. (2007) stated

that many experts have theorized that eating fast food outside the home may have a deleterious

influence on body weight in adolescents. Other researchers proves it like Deese (2020) said that

based on their data, adolescents between the ages of 12 to 19 consumed a higher percentage fast

food calories as well as Tobin (2011) mentioned about data that contains extensive information

on students academic achievement and so on. It is proven by the director of marketing initiatives
at the UConn Rudd Center for Food Policy and Obesity, Frances Fleming-Milici also said that

one of the main problems fueling the over consumption of fast food is it targeted advertising

towards youth as Bondoc, et al (2019) highlighted that youth tend to be more affected by fast

food obesity than adults. In addition to it, One of the reason of a student that eats fast food is

their feeling of hunger due to lack of food in the house since according to Azman, et al (2020) he

mentioned that students suggesting that they just love the way it tastes because of the calibrated

makes ingredients in fast food that is hard to resist. However this things can be change as

Gruyler (2019) mentioned that the students who consume a balanced diet can perform better in

exams, show better behavior as well as attendance at school and get their assigned tasks done

more thoroughly. Even Dingman, D., et. Al. (2004), had their findings suggest that one path for

intervention study could be to see if improving health consciousness among college students

reduces their consumption of fast food meals. Burrows, Goldman, Pursey, & Lim (2016) also

stated that academic performance measures have to assess how well pupils met educational

objectives. The following review of related literature confirms that by simply eating at fast food

can affect the student’s academic performance. Most results showed that fast food can be the

reason for poor academic outcomes of the students and health issues. However, other researchers

included that having good lifestyle can be a great way for their body and for theirselves.
 Chapter II

Methodology

This chapter presents the research design, data gathering procedure and research

instruments. To achieve the goals of this research study, a thorough explanation of the research

methodology will be undertaken.

II.1 Research Design

In this study, the use of Quantitative research design is to achieve the possible effect of

fast-food after class in the student’s academic performance. This research design was also used

by Burrows, Goldman, Pursey, & Lim who said that academic performance measures have to

assess how well pupils met educational objectives which they involve calculating the results that

they can certainly come up with that conclusions. On top of this information, this research design

is the best one for this type of research in the view of the fact that this is all about wanting to

know about the relationship and effect of two variables. It is also accurate and a proper one in

what we are currently conducting in this present time.

II. 2 Sampling Techniques

The researcher’s chosen sampling method was simple random sampling for the reason that they

can select the participants of any grade level in Paranaque National High School - MAIN at

Paranaque City. This sampling was chosen for this kind of research to be able to let anyone

answer and be part of it. As this is a common thing for every students at any grade level about
consuming and going in fast-food restaurant after class. Furthermore, in easy way of

communicating with everyone, researchers use online platform like Facebook to let anyone

answer the survey, but they will ensure that it is only exclusive for Paranaque National High

School - MAIN students.

II.3 Instrument

To conduct a successful survey research, the questions asked must accurately describe the

practices and conditions of the study. The researcher used the following research tools to

conclude the study. Starting by creating the questionnaire for the survey with at least 10

questions and a close-ended itself. Researchers get ideas from searching online, and some of the

questions are created by them. The questions are based on different research which is related and

can be easily found in Google. It is important to validate the survey questionnaire. This survey

questions are validated by ensuring that each questions are related to the current discussion of

this research. In the process of validating this research instrument, the researcher does the pilot-

test before technical launch of the survey to ensure that errors and inconsistencies in the data are

identified and addressed.

II.4 Data Gathering Procedure

The researcher collects information about the effect of fast-food restaurant to student’s academic

performance by the use of the approved questionnaires of their own survey consisting of 1 to 10

questions indicating their possible reasons to stay in the fast-food restaurant, their money that

spend from there as well as how usually they go in any fast-food restaurant and if they think that

going there can affect their academic performance. Through online, the researcher use it to let
anyone from Paranaque National High School - MAIN to be respondents of their survey. The

information is gathered, totaled, and organized depending on the responses provided by the

respondents in the online survey that have been conducted.

III.5 Statistical Tools and Treatments

The information gathered from the study's respondents was evaluated using the following

statistical techniques.

1. Simple Percentage. The following technique was used to examine the respondents'

demographic profile variables using a basic percentage:

Where:

P = Percentage

F = Frequency for each category

N = Total number of respondents

100 = Constant multiplier

2. Pearson Correlation Coefficient. The most typical method of linear correlation

measurement. The intensity and direction of the connection between two variables is

expressed as a number between -1 and 1. Both variables change in the same way when

one of them is changed. You can use the following formula:

 Chapter III

Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation of data

The data analysis and conclusions that resulted from our research procedure are

presented in this chapter, which goes into the center of our research study. This chapter's main

goal is to give a thorough analysis of the data gathered and to unearth significant insights that

address the research questions and objectives stated in Chapter 1 in more detail. We seek to

deepen our understanding of the phenomenon we are studying and to add to the data of

knowledge in our field of study by engaging in thorough data analysis.

III.1 Profile of the Respondents

In this part of the chapter, it will focus on the demographic profiles of the respondents in

the survey. Starting from Gender, Grades and Allowance of each students of Paranaque National

High School - MAIN who answered the questionnaires.

III.1.1 Gender

Gender Frequency Percentage

Female 18 72%

Male 7 28%

Total 25 100%

As shown in the Table 1, female students got the highest percentage with 72% or eighteen (18)

respondents out of overall twenty-five (25) respondents that answered the survey. On the other

hand, the male students got the lowest percentage with 28% or seven (7) respondents only.
In the first table, researchers gathered that most of the respondents in their survey are female

students of Paranaque National High School - MAIN. To further understand the demographic

profiles of the students, researchers also include the next one which is their grades.

III.1.2 Grades

Grades Frequency Percentage

79 and below 0 0%

80 - 89 12 48%

90 and above 13 52%

Total 25 100%

In the Table 2 that can be shown above, students with the general average from 90 and above are

the highest percentage with 52% or thirteen (13) respondents. The second highest percentage

with 48% or twelve (12) respondents are the students which have a general average ranging from

80 to 89. Meanwhile, the lowest percentage with 0% is the general average from 79 and below.

The second table showed that most of the students are having their general average ranging from

90 and above which also followed by the students with the general average of 80 to 89. The next

one is the students allowance that will complete their demographic profiles.

III.1.3 Allowance

Allowance Frequency Percentage

100 - 200 20 80%

 300 - 400 3 12%

500 and above 2 8%

Total 25 100%

As shown in the Table 3, the student’s allowance with the highest percentage is 80% or twenty

(20) as of the answers of the respondents. The second percentage with around 12% or only three

(3) respondents on the survey. On the contrary, the lowest percentage with only 8% or two (2)

respondents who have allowance around 500 pesos and above according to the survey.

III. 2 Effects of staying in the fast-food restaurant on student’s academic performance

In this part of the chapter, it will show about the possible relationship of the effects about staying

in the fast-food restaurant (independent variable) and the students academic performances

(dependent variable). The graph will shows the overall answers of respondents on the survey.

PEARSON CORRELATION COEF-

FICIENT
22
21
20 20
18
17
15
13
12 12 12
9 9
6
5
4 4 4 4
3 3 3
2 2 2 2
1 1 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

x- value y- value
 In the Graph 1 shown above, this are the answers from the given survey of this research

that overall shown based on the independent and dependent variables. X value represents the

independent variable which is the effects of staying in the fast-food restaurant. It shows about it

started from high then slowly going low. Meanwhile, the Y value represents the dependent

variable which is the student’s academic performance. In this case, the y value is the same as the

start of the X value, but along the way, it is different from it. On the other hand, the X and Y

value have also same ending which is both low. In general, the answers of the respondents from

the given survey can be seen from the graph of this chapter.