TOURISM

”Wonderful Sarangan”

By:
Dinda Nurjannah
NIM : 203106018

STATE POLYTECHNIC OF MADIUN

BUSINESS ADMINISRATION DEPARTMENT
ENGLISH STUDY PROGRAM
NOVEMBER
2021
 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

I. Background

In Indonesia, especially on the island of Bali, there are many beautiful and interesting
tourist objects. The tourist attraction in Bali is one of the natural wealth that should be proud
of. Each region in Indonesia is unique both in terms of its beauty and the existing customs so
that it attracts tourists to visit it. The tourism sector as an economic activity has become the
mainstay and priority of development for a number of countries, especially for developing
countries such as Indonesia which has a large area potential with a fairly strong and large
tourist attraction, a lot of natural beauty, various cultural historical heritages and people's
lives.

To increase the role of tourism, it is closely related to goods in the form of tourism
objects themselves that can be sold with supporting facilities and infrastructure related to the
tourism industry. Efforts to develop a tourist destination must pay attention to various factors
that influence the existence of a tourist destination. The island of Bali has many natural
tourist attractions, one of which is in the Blahbatuh area, Gianyar, namely the Elephant Cave
tourist attraction. Where Goa Gajah is an interesting and historic tourist attraction, and in Goa
Gajah there is an enchanting natural beauty.

However, there are still some local and foreign tourists who do not know about this Goa
Gajah tourist attraction. Therefore, there is an explanation to the general public regarding the
Goa Gajah tourist attraction.
 CHAPTER II
DISCUSSION

2.1 Tawun Tourism Object and It’s History

Goa Gajah is a beautiful and interesting tourist spot with historical and spiritual value.
The word "Goa Gajah" is believed to have come from a word that appears in the
Negarakertagama book, "Lwa Gajah". This cave was built around the 11th century AD when
King Sri Astasura Ratna Bumi Banten was on the throne. This place was used by him to
meditate. In addition there are also seven sacred pools with seven statues of nymphs that emit
water around the cave. These statues are symbols of the seven holy rivers where Hinduism
and Buddhism were born in India. Indeed, many historical relics can be found in this sacred
place complex.

In Goa Gajah or in the area of this holy place is divided into three parts. First, a
complex of Hindu sacred buildings built around the 10th century AD. Furthermore, the Hindu
sacred building in the form of a small temple or also called "pelinggih" which was built
afterward. Then the last part is the Buddhist heritage building which was built around the 8th
century or at the same time as the Borobudur Temple in Central Java.

In the eastern cave, there are three Great Linga standing in the alcove. While in the
west there is a statue of Ganesha. Then in the middle end or "keluwan" of the cave there are
three more Lingas as symbols of Shiva, or Sang Hyang Tri Purusa. Meanwhile at the front of
the cave or "teben" there is a statue of Ganesha who is the son of Shiva. Ganesha is a god
with a human body and an elephant head who is the son of Shiva and Parvati. The existence
of this statue is thought to be the origin of the name "Goa Gajah."

In front of Goa Gajah, there is an ancient shower located above a sacred pond. At
first this statue was not visible because it was covered with soil. However, in 1954 this statue
was found after previously being excavated. As a result, six statues of “Widyadhari” or
nymphs were found, three of which are in the north and three in the south. These Widyadhari
statues stand on a foothold in the form of a "Padma" or lotus. The lotus flower in Hinduism is
a symbol of the universe. In addition, in the middle of this pool there is a statue of
"Widyadhara" or bidadara, so that this statue is like being surrounded by six angels. The sixth
that emits water into the pond is believed to be a symbol of fertility.
 In addition to the Goa Gajah temple, there is also a sacred Hindu building which is
a relic from the Hindu Shiva Pasupata era. It is believed that this sacred building then
functioned as a temple in the Hindu era of Shiva Siddhanta. Therefore, in the southeastern
part of Goa Gajah, you can find several temples such as Limas Catu and Limas Mujung
which are temples for junctions for the Gods of Mount Agung and Mount Batur. There is also
the Gedong Temple which is dedicated to the ancestors of the Kings of Be predecessor and
the Ratu Taman Temple to worship Lord Vishnu as the god of water.

In addition to the Hindu buildings in Goa Gajah mentioned above, in this building
complex there are also Buddhist relics that are even older than the Hindu buildings. On the
outside of the cave, to the west, there is a Buddhist statue named Dewi Hariti or in Bali
known as the "Men Brayut" Statue. This goddess statue looks unique because it holds so
many small children. In Buddhist mythology, Hariti was once a cannibal who liked to prey on
the flesh of children or babies. However, after getting enlightenment from the Buddha, the
previously very frightening figure later turned into a religious person and loves children. Past
the moat in the southern part of Goa Gajah, there is also a Buddha statue with the attitude of
Dhyani Buddha Amitaba. In the Mahayana Buddhist pantheon system, this Buddhist attitude
can be interpreted as the Buddha who is the guardian of the western part of the universe.

Based on history, the discovery of Goa Gajah originated from a report by a Dutch
East Indies official, LC. Heyting in 1923 who found the statue of Ganesha, Trilingga and the
statue of Hariti to the Dutch East Indies government. This was followed up by Dr. WF.
Stuterhiem to conduct further research in 1925. In 1950 the Indonesian Antiquities Service
through the sections of archaeological buildings in Bali led by JL Krijgman conducted
research and excavations from 1954 to 1979 and found an ancient place of lightning with 6
statues of women with showers water in the chest and until now its existence can be trusted to
provide a vibration of purification aura for visitors.

In 193 Mr. Conrat Spies also found a fairly important relic in the “tukad pangkung”
complex in the form of a three-pronged stupa carved into a crumbling stone wall lying at the
base of the Tukad Pangkung.

Since 1950, after the Antiquities Agency of the Republic of Indonesia opened its
Bali branch building section office located in Gianyar under the leadership of J.C. Krijgsman,
research on ancient relics in Goa Gajah received special attention. This was proven in
1951/1952 by conducting excavations in the front yard of the mouth of the cave.
 From the data in the field, it can be stated that the Goa Gajah site is a sacred place
as a center of Hindu and Buddhist religious activities during the reign of the Warmadewa
Dynasty from the X-XIV centuries AD (400 years) AD. The status of the Goa Gajah site is
now a "living monument" functioning as a place for religious activities (temples) and people
call it Pura Goa.

Based on the findings of archaeological data at the Goa Gajah site, several things
can be stated as follows; Of the several inscriptions that have been put forward in Bali, none
of them directly mention the name Goa Gajah, but the Additional Songan inscription issued
by King Marakata dated 1022 AD and the Cempaga inscription issued by King Sri Mahaguru
dated 1324 AD, both mention the name Er Gajah. . Then the Dawan inscription in 1053 AD
and the Pandak Badung inscription in 1071 AD mention the sacred place of
Antakunjarapadda (Kunjara = elephant). Meanwhile, in the Negarakertagama book in 1365
AD the names of Bebenda and Lwa Gajah are listed, namely two places in Bali that are
included in the list of areas controlled by the Majapahit Kingdom.

2.2 Locations of Goa Gajah Tourism Objects and their Coordinates

Goa Gajah is an artificial cave that functions like a place of worship. This Elephant
Cave tourist attraction is located in the village of Bedulu, Blahbatuh District, Gianyar
Regency, Bali. Goa Gajah tourist attraction is approximately 25.2 km from Denpasar by
taking about 57 minutes and from Ngurah Rai airport, Goa Gajah is about 41.6 km and takes
approximately 1.11 hours.

The location of the Goa Gajah tourist attraction is very strategic because it is on the
tourism route, namely in the east there is one big temple in Bali, namely the Samuan Tiga
temple. In the north there is the Senggol Pejeng market which is always crowded with people
and tourists and the path to the west of Goa Gajah is the route to tourist attractions in Ubud
which is of course famous for its natural beauty and the many tourists who visit there.

The coordinates of the Goa Gajah tourist attraction when viewed from a map or
google maps are -8.523077, 115.287096
2.3 Ticket Prices, Culinary Or Facilities At Goa Gajah

In visiting a tourist attraction, of course, we need to pay a ticket to enter the attraction. As
is the case in Goa Gajah, tourists also have to pay an entrance ticket in advance. In this Goa
Gajah tourist attraction, tourists must use a scarf or kamen in entering the Goa Gajah tourist
attraction. Local tourists and foreign tourists only need to pay 15 thousand rupiah. However,
if we wear traditional clothes for certain reasons to Goa Gajah such as making school
assignments, praying and so on, we don't need to pay for an entrance ticket.

As one of the famous tourist attractions in Bali, the Goa Gajah tourist attraction complex
is also equipped with tourist facilities or culinary tours, such as:

1. Restaurant, which serves a variety of Indonesian and International food. The price also
varies for each food sold.

2. Souvenir and clothing store, which provides a wide range of handicraft and clothing
products.

3. Food stalls, which provide a variety of traditional foods and snacks.

4. A large parking area which will certainly make tourists feel comfortable in parking
their vehicles, and of course there are also toilets at the Goa Gajah tourist attraction.

2.4 Development of Goa Gajah Tourism Objects Until Now

Every place or tourist attraction will definitely experience development and progress
based on the accompaniment of the times that come. Goa Gajah tourism object has also
developed from time to time. At the Goa Gajah tourist attraction, there are several repairs to
the pelinggih that are already fragile and old. In Goa Gajah also built or rebuilt various
facilities such as restaurants so that it will have a good impact on the Goa Gajah tourist
attraction because it will add and provide more comfort to tourists where more tourists will
come to Goa Gajah.
2.5 Advantages and Disadvantages of Goa Gajah

In every tourist attraction, of course, there are advantages and disadvantages

that these attractions have. Like the Goa Gajah tourist attraction, it also has advantages and
disadvantages. The advantages of this Goa Gajah tourist attraction have been well explained,
namely that this Goa Gajah tourist attraction has an extraordinary attraction with its
enchanting natural beauty. Then there are also very historical Hindu and Buddhist relics that
should be preserved and preserved. Another plus is that the Goa Gajah tourist attraction
provides a variety of facilities that will certainly make the tourists have comfort and a good
impression.

However, there is also a lack of attraction that this Gooa Gajah tourist attraction
has. In my opinion, the only drawback of Goa Gajah tourist attraction is that the distance
traveled is quite long, for example from Ngurah Rai Airport it will take a long distance and
take a long time. Moreover, on the way there will be extraordinary traffic jams. However, I
think tourists will be interested in visiting with the beauty and history of a tourist attraction as
well as this Goa Gajah tourist attraction.
 CHAPTER III

CLOSING

3.1 Conclusion

With this I can conclude that the Goa Gajah tourist attraction is a tourist attraction that
is not only a beautiful and interesting tourist attraction, but also has a history that we should
know and preserve. Goa Gajah tourist attraction is also a sacred tourist attraction because in it
there is also a temple as a place of prayer and entering Goa Gajah must use a scarf or kamen.
Goa Gajah tourist attraction also has various Hindu and Buddhist relics that should be
preserved and we must not destroy them.

In addition, the Goa Gajah tourist attraction also provides various kinds of
facilities which will certainly provide comfort and a good impression for tourists. However,
there are also drawbacks to this Goa Gajah tourist attraction, which is that it is only quite far
from the airport where the trip will take a long time.

3.2 Suggestions

That's what I can describe about the material about the Goa Gajah tourist attraction. In
order for a tourist attraction to remain sustainable and beautiful, we must maintain it and not
damage it. Of course, there are still many shortcomings regarding this paper that I made. I
really hope that readers will provide constructive criticism and suggestions for the perfection
of this paper and for writing papers on the next opportunity. Hopefully this paper can be
useful and useful.