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    Karl Tristan
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    The document compares the results of using Euler's method, Heun's method, the midpoint method, and the Runge-Kutta 2 method to solve differential equations numerically with a step size of h. For each method, the document shows the values of x and y at each step, as well as the relative error compared to the analytical solution.

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    The document compares the results of using Euler's method, Heun's method, the midpoint method, and the Runge-Kutta 2 method to solve differential equations numerically with a step size of h. For each method, the document shows the values of x and y at each step, as well as the relative error compared to the analytical solution.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as XLSX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    10 views12 pages

    Updated Answers

    Uploaded by

    Karl Tristan
    The document compares the results of using Euler's method, Heun's method, the midpoint method, and the Runge-Kutta 2 method to solve differential equations numerically with a step size of h. For each method, the document shows the values of x and y at each step, as well as the relative error compared to the analytical solution.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as XLSX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 12

    ANALYTICAL METHOD

    c 3.184512 0.796128
    y 1.785824 (SHIFT SOLVE)

    EULER'S METHOD h 0.5


    n xn+1 yn+1
    0 1 2.000000
    1 1.5 1.939258
    2 2 1.938357
    3 2.5 1.907242
    4 3 1.801297 RELATIVE ERROR 0.866440%

    HEUN'S METHOD h 0.5


    n xn yn f(xn, yn) xn+1 (yn+1)^0
    0 1 2.000000 -0.121484 1.500000 1.939258
    1 1.5 1.969178 -0.001941 2.000000 1.968208
    2 2 1.951937 -0.064419 2.500000 1.919727
    3 2.5 1.880973 -0.195904 3.000000 1.783021

    MIDPOINT METHOD h 0.5


    n xn yn f(xn, yn) x(n+1)/2 y(n+1)/2
    0 1 2.000000 -0.121484 1.250000 1.969629
    1 1.5 1.980694 -0.001994 1.750000 1.980195
    2 2 1.974370 -0.068008 2.250000 1.957368
    3 2.5 1.899985 -0.207488 2.750000 1.848113

    RK2 METHOD h 0.5


    n xn yn k1 A B
    0 1 2.000000 -0.121484 1.375000 1.954443
    1 1.5 1.975030 -0.001968 1.875000 1.974292
    2 2 1.962960 -0.066187 2.375000 1.938140
    3 2.5 1.889822 -0.201305 2.875000 1.814332

    FOR CHECKING
    RK4 h 0.5
    n xn yn k1 A B
    0 1.000000 2.000000 -0.121484 1.250000 1.969629
    1 1.500000 1.976525 -0.001975 1.750000 1.976031
    2 2.000000 1.966585 -0.066766 2.250000 1.949893
    3 2.500000 1.896408 -0.205314 2.750000 1.845079
    f(xn+1, (yn+1)^0) yn+1
    -0.001802 1.969178
    -0.067026 1.951937
    -0.219438 1.880973
    -0.206440 1.780387 RELATIVE ERROR 0.304455% 32

    f(x(n+1)/2, y(n+1)/2) xn+1 yn+1


    -0.038612 1.500000 1.980694
    -0.012647 2.000000 1.974370
    -0.148771 2.500000 1.899985
    -0.233896 3.000000 1.783037 RELATIVE ERROR 0.156051%

    k2 xn+1 yn+1
    -0.014167 1.500000 1.975030
    -0.035227 2.000000 1.962960
    -0.186321 2.500000 1.889822
    -0.224400 3.000000 1.781471 RELATIVE ERROR 0.243737%

    k2 A B k3 A B
    -0.038612 1.250000 1.990347 -0.040502 1.500000 1.979749
    -0.012525 1.750000 1.973393 -0.012448 2.000000 1.970301
    -0.146035 2.250000 1.930076 -0.138742 2.500000 1.897214
    -0.231402 2.750000 1.838557 -0.226034 3.000000 1.783391
    k4 xn+1 yn+1
    -0.001990 1.500000 1.976525
    -0.067360 2.000000 1.966585
    -0.205804 2.500000 1.896408
    -0.206795 3.000000 1.785826 RELATIVE ERROR 0.000127%
    ANALYTICAL METHOD
    c -1.366529
    y 1.012184 (SHIFT SOLVE)

    EULER'S METHOD h 1
    n xn+1 yn+1
    0 1 2.000000
    1 2 2.000000
    2 3 1.039094
    3 4 0.995316
    4 5 1.001794 RELATIVE ERROR 1.026467%

    HEUN'S METHOD h 1
    n xn yn f(xn, yn) xn+1 (yn+1)^0
    0 1 2.000000 0.000000 2.000000 2.000000
    1 2 1.519547 -0.440701 3.000000 1.078846
    2 3 1.254222 -0.312116 4.000000 0.942106
    3 4 1.137108 -0.202545 5.000000 0.934563

    MIDPOINT METHOD h 1
    n xn yn f(xn, yn) x(n+1)/2 y(n+1)/2
    0 1 2.000000 0.000000 1.500000 2.000000
    1 2 1.437906 -0.361982 2.500000 1.256915
    2 3 1.174558 -0.207613 3.500000 1.070752
    3 4 1.082859 -0.119499 4.500000 1.023109

    RK2 METHOD h 1
    n xn yn k1 A B
    0 1 2.000000 0.000000 1.750000 2.000000
    1 2 1.482805 -0.404888 2.750000 1.179139
    2 3 1.216804 -0.262316 3.750000 1.020067
    3 4 1.111507 -0.162896 4.750000 0.989335

    FOR CHECKING
    RK4 h 1
    n xn yn k1 A B
    0 1.000000 2.000000 0.000000 1.500000 2.000000
    1 2.000000 1.596078 -0.517257 2.500000 1.337449
    2 3.000000 1.212019 -0.256038 3.500000 1.084000
    3 4.000000 1.062191 -0.088842 4.500000 1.017770
    f(xn+1, (yn+1)^0) yn+1
    -0.960906 1.519547
    -0.089950 1.254222
    0.077889 1.137108
    0.101793 1.086732 RELATIVE ERROR 7.365092%

    f(x(n+1)/2, y(n+1)/2) xn+1 yn+1


    -0.562094 2.000000 1.437906
    -0.263348 3.000000 1.174558
    -0.091699 4.000000 1.082859
    -0.035156 5.000000 1.047702 RELATIVE ERROR 3.509080%

    k2 xn+1 yn+1
    -0.775792 2.000000 1.482805
    -0.196558 3.000000 1.216804
    -0.026788 4.000000 1.111507
    0.016529 5.000000 1.068227 RELATIVE ERROR 5.536891%

    k2 A B k3 A B
    -0.562094 1.500000 1.718953 -0.377562 2.000000 1.622438
    -0.356329 2.500000 1.417913 -0.453670 3.000000 1.142408
    -0.109533 3.500000 1.157253 -0.211736 4.000000 1.000283
    -0.026963 4.500000 1.048709 -0.075018 5.000000 0.987173
    k4 xn+1 yn+1
    -0.544222 2.000000 1.596078
    -0.167097 3.000000 1.212019
    -0.000392 4.000000 1.062191
    0.020512 5.000000 1.016809 RELATIVE ERROR 0.456910%
    ANALYTICAL METHOD
    c -2.909297
    y 0.083378 (SHIFT SOLVE)

    EULER'S METHOD h 0.25


    n xn+1 yn+1
    0 1 0.000000
    1 1.25 0.072982
    2 1.5 0.097773
    3 1.75 0.099017
    4 2 0.106921 RELATIVE ERROR 28.236522%

    HEUN'S METHOD h 0.25


    n xn yn f(xn, yn) xn+1 (yn+1)^0
    0 1 0.000000 0.291927 1.250000 0.072982
    1 1.25 0.048886 0.099309 1.500000 0.073714
    2 1.5 0.061924 0.004994 1.750000 0.063172
    3 1.75 0.066512 0.031701 2.000000 0.074437

    MIDPOINT METHOD h 0.25


    n xn yn f(xn, yn) x(n+1)/2 y(n+1)/2
    0 1 0.000000 0.291927 1.125000 0.036491
    1 1.25 0.046447 0.099321 1.375000 0.058862
    2 1.5 0.055893 0.004996 1.625000 0.056518
    3 1.75 0.056626 0.031721 1.875000 0.060591

    RK2 METHOD h 0.25


    n xn yn k1 A B
    0 1 0.000000 0.291927 1.187500 0.054736
    1 1.25 0.047602 0.099316 1.437500 0.066224
    2 1.5 0.058816 0.004995 1.687500 0.059753
    3 1.75 0.061488 0.031712 1.937500 0.067434

    FOR CHECKING
    RK4 h 0.25
    n xn yn k1 A B
    0 1.000000 0.000000 0.291927 1.125000 0.036491
    1 1.250000 0.047273 0.099317 1.375000 0.059688
    2 1.500000 0.057918 0.004995 1.625000 0.058542
    3 1.750000 0.059936 0.031715 1.875000 0.063900
    f(xn+1, (yn+1)^0) yn+1
    0.099164 0.048886
    0.004990 0.061924
    0.031708 0.066512
    0.172699 0.092062 RELATIVE ERROR 10.414177%

    f(x(n+1)/2, y(n+1)/2) xn+1 yn+1


    0.185789 1.250000 0.046447
    0.037783 1.500000 0.055893
    0.002930 1.750000 0.056626
    0.089556 2.000000 0.079015 RELATIVE ERROR 5.233542%

    k2 xn+1 yn+1
    0.139651 1.250000 0.047602
    0.017624 1.500000 0.058816
    0.013534 1.750000 0.061488
    0.128259 2.000000 0.085507 RELATIVE ERROR 2.553138%

    k2 A B k3 A B
    0.185789 1.125000 0.023224 0.185863 1.250000 0.046466
    0.037781 1.375000 0.051996 0.037798 1.500000 0.056722
    0.002930 1.625000 0.058284 0.002930 1.750000 0.058650
    0.089537 1.875000 0.071128 0.089493 2.000000 0.082309
    k4 xn+1 yn+1
    0.099321 1.250000 0.047273
    0.004996 1.500000 0.057918
    0.031717 1.750000 0.059936
    0.172592 2.000000 0.083368 RELATIVE ERROR 0.012801%
    ANALYTICAL METHOD
    c -0.980219
    y 1.017980 (SHIFT SOLVE)

    EULER'S METHOD h 0.75


    n xn+1 yn+1
    0 2 2.000000
    1 2.75 1.279320
    2 3.5 1.040228
    3 4.25 1.001681
    4 5 0.999855 RELATIVE ERROR 1.780476%

    HEUN'S METHOD h 0.75


    n xn yn f(xn, yn) xn+1 (yn+1)^0
    0 2 2.000000 -0.960906 2.750000 1.279320
    1 2.75 1.520114 -0.643987 3.500000 1.037124
    2 3.5 1.260859 -0.366131 4.250000 0.986261
    3 4.25 1.130963 -0.201393 5.000000 0.979919

    MIDPOINT METHOD h 0.75


    n xn yn f(xn, yn) x(n+1)/2 y(n+1)/2
    0 2 2.000000 -0.960906 2.375000 1.639660
    1 2.75 1.473999 -0.578515 3.125000 1.257056
    2 3.5 1.228240 -0.316329 3.875000 1.109617
    3 4.25 1.110987 -0.169189 4.625000 1.047542

    RK2 METHOD h 0.75


    n xn yn k1 A B
    0 2 2.000000 -0.960906 2.562500 1.459490
    1 2.75 1.500149 -0.615465 3.312500 1.153950
    2 3.5 1.247332 -0.345347 4.062500 1.053074
    3 4.25 1.122825 -0.188211 4.812500 1.016957

    FOR CHECKING
    RK4 h 0.75
    n xn yn k1 A B
    0 2.000000 2.000000 -0.960906 2.375000 1.639660
    1 2.750000 1.441314 -0.532993 3.125000 1.241442
    2 3.500000 1.171374 -0.232118 3.875000 1.084330
    3 4.250000 1.060694 -0.090432 4.625000 1.026782
    f(xn+1, (yn+1)^0) yn+1
    -0.318790 1.520114
    -0.047360 1.260859
    0.019742 1.130963
    0.031993 1.067438 RELATIVE ERROR 4.858455%

    f(x(n+1)/2, y(n+1)/2) xn+1 yn+1


    -0.701335 2.750000 1.473999
    -0.327678 3.500000 1.228240
    -0.156337 4.250000 1.110987
    -0.074513 5.000000 1.055103 RELATIVE ERROR 3.646700%

    k2 xn+1 yn+1
    -0.519249 2.750000 1.500149
    -0.197902 3.500000 1.247332
    -0.076339 4.250000 1.122825
    -0.026867 5.000000 1.062339 RELATIVE ERROR 4.357533%

    k2 A B k3 A B
    -0.701335 2.375000 1.736999 -0.829619 2.750000 1.377786
    -0.305928 3.125000 1.326591 -0.427187 3.500000 1.120924
    -0.118915 3.875000 1.126781 -0.182184 4.250000 1.034736
    -0.041560 4.625000 1.045109 -0.070619 5.000000 1.007730
    k4 xn+1 yn+1
    -0.446672 2.750000 1.441314
    -0.160300 3.500000 1.171374
    -0.051124 4.250000 1.060694
    -0.012489 5.000000 1.019784 RELATIVE ERROR 0.177213%

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