PHYSICAL SCIENCE 11
MOLECULAR
POLARITY
LET'S LEARN
LET'S
REVIEW
Complete Me!
DESCRIBE!
WATER IS
POLAR
OIL IS
NONPOLAR
MOLECULES ARE
NEUTRAL!
#PROTONS=#ELECTRONS
MOLECULE 1 MOLECULE 2
NONPOLAR
MOLECULES
=EQUAL
SHARING/
DISTRIBUTION
POLAR
MOLECULES
=NOT EQUAL
SHARING
WHY WATER IS POLAR?
THEY SHARE ELECTRONS!
OBJECTIVES
At the end of the class discussion, the learners
should be able to:
Differentiate polar molecule from non-polar
molecule;
Determine whether the bond between atoms is
polar, nonpolar, or ionic based on
electronegativity difference;
Relate the polarity of a molecule to its properties.
Define Lewis Dot Structure
Draw Lewis Dot structure for elements
Appreciate the importance of learning the
concept of polarity in your daily lives
COVALENT BOND
When two nonmetal atoms
combine, neither of them loses
or gains electron Instead,
electron pairs are being shared
by both atoms and the type of
chemical bond formed is called
covalent bond. Result through
the sharing of electrons.
TWO TYPES OF COVALENT BOND
POLAR COVALENT BOND NON- POLAR COVALENT BOND
when two bonded atoms are not
1
equally distributed When the two atoms
1
having similar
one atom is more electronegative
electronegativity will
2
than the other atom share electrons equally.
meaning one atom is partially
3 positive and the other atom is
partially negative
How we can determine the polarity of the
molecules?
The polarity of molecules is determined by the two
factors: the polarity of bonds based on the
electronegativity difference of the atoms involved
and the geometrical shape of the molecules which
can be predicted via valence shell electron pair
repulsion (VSEPR) theory.
Electronegativity is
the tendency of an
atom to attract a
bonding pair of
electron to itself when
chemically combined
with other atoms.
It increases within
period (from left to
right) and decreases
within a group (from
top to bottom).
Take note also that the
higher the value of EN,
the more it tends to
attract electrons
towards itself.
What is the connection of electronegativity to the
polarity of bonds?
We could use the electronegativity values of the
atoms involved to get the absolute
electronegativity difference (∆EN) which will
help us in predicting what type of chemical
bond (ionic, polar covalent or nonpolar
covalent) that would exist between them.
THREE TYPES
OF CHEMICAL
BOND
Ionic bond occurs when there is a transfer
of one or more valence electrons form one
atom to another. It exists between metal
and nonmetal atoms where a metal loses
electron/s while the nonmetal element
accepts the electron/s donated by metal.
Result from the electrostatic force of
attraction between oppositely charged ions.
THREE TYPES OF CHEMICAL
BOND
Ionic Bond Polar Bond Non Polar Bond
1.7 or more Less than 1.7 0-0.4
EXAMPLES:
CaCl HCl ClCl
IT'S YOUR TURN!
1. Sulfure Monoxide – SO
2. Calcium Flouride –CaF
3. Nitric Oxide – NO
1. Calcium Chloride - CaCl
EN Ca = 1.0 EN Cl = 3.16
│ │
(∆EN) = 1.0 – 3.16 = -2.16 = 2.16
Ionic Bond
2. ClCl
Non-Polar
EN Ca = 3.16 EN Cl = 3.16
│ │
(∆EN) = 3.16 – 3.16 = 0.0 = 0.0 Covalent Bond
3. Hydrogen Chloride - HCl
EN H = 2.2 EN Cl = 3.0
Polar Covalent
│ │
(∆EN) = 2.2 – 3.16 = -0.96 = 0.96
Bond
LEWIS DOT STRUCTURE
also called electron dot
structures are diagrams that
describe the chemical bonding
between atoms in a molecule.
They also display the total
number of lone pairs present in
each of the atoms that
constitute the molecule.
Lewis Dot Structure
Lewis Dot Structure
COUNTING VALENCE ELECTRON
IT'S YOUR TURN!
Lewis Dot Structure
LET'S TRY THIS!
1. H2
2. O2
3. HCl
4. CH4
5. NH3
6. H20
What do you think are the
examples or application of
molecular polarity that we
are encountering in our
daily lives?
What if we don’t have
the chance to study
about the polarity of the
molecules, how it will
affect us?
QUIZ TIME!
A. Calculate the electronegativity difference and give the
type of bond that exists the atoms in each of the following
pairs
B. Write Lewis structures for the following:
1. HBr
2. PCl3
ASSIGNMENT
Bond Paper
PENCIL
COLORING
MATERIALS
THANK YOU!
