# Questions Answers

1 In Survey Design, what does VSP stands for? Verical Seismic Profile

A class of borehole seismic measurements used for correlation

with surface seismic data, for obtaining images of higher
2 Verical Seismic Profile
resolution than surface seismic images and for looking ahead of
the drill bit; also called as what?

What term refers to measurements made in a vertical wellbore

3 using geophones inside the wellbore and a source at the Verical Seismic Profile
surface near the well?

An elastic body wave or sound wave in which particles oscillate

4 in the direction the wave propagates, those waves are studied P- waves
in conventional seismic data.

An elastic body wave in which particles oscillate perpendicular

5 to the direction in which the wave propagates, those waves are S- waves
generated by most land seismic sources, but not by air guns.

Seismic waves that are converted from P to S at the reflecting

6 C-waves
horizon also called as what?

What is a class of statistics used to analyze and predict the

values associated with spatial or spatiotemporal phenomena. It
7 Geostatistics
incorporates the spatial (and in some cases temporal)
coordinates of the data within the analyses?

In Geostatistics, this technique was developed for use with

features observed to correlate over certain distances (usually
from other data). The technique has been refined to include
8 Kriging
data that provide additional “soft” evidence between the
“hard” data locations at wells,
and seismic data often provide the soft evidence.

what is a result of this property, although other

9 The “bright-spot”
nonhydrocarbon changes in
lithology can also result in large-amplitude reflections
10 In reservoir geophysics, what does RMS stands for? Root mean square

It is the mathematical description of refraction, or the physical

change in the direction of a wavefront as it travels from one
11 medium to another with a change in velocity and partial Snell's law
conversion and reflection of a P-wave to an S-wave at the
interface of the two media.
 This law is a relation used in the wave equation, it describes the
physical change in the direction of a wavefront as it travels
12 from one medium to another with a change in velocity and Snell's law
partial conversion of a P-wave to an S-wave at the interface of
the two media.

What set of equations describe seismic wave energy

partitioning at an interface? For example the boundary
13 between two different rocks. The equations relate the Zoeppritz equations
amplitude of incident P-waves to reflected and refracted P- and
S-waves at a plane interface for a given angle of incidence.

A set of equations that describes the partitioning of energy in a

14 wavefield relative to its angle of incidence at a boundary across Zoeppritz equations
which the properties of the rock and fluid content changes.

A conventional vertical seismic profile in which the energy

zero-offset vertical seismic profile
15 source is positioned directly above the receivers, typically very (VSP)
close to the wellbore.

An elastic constant that is a measure of the compressibility of

material perpendicular to applied stress, or the ratio of
16 Poisson’s ratio
latitudinal to longitudinal strain. This elastic constant is named
for Simeon Poisson (1781 to 1840), a French mathematician.

A volume created from traces in the far-offset range is

17 elastic impedance
inverted to obtain a new impedance volume called
The product of the density of a medium and its shear wave
18 velocity. elastic impedance

19 In Geophysics, what does the acronym CSP stands for? Crosswell Seismic Profiling
This term is used to describe models incorporating
20 Elastic
compression_x0002_al and shear effects.
It is the ratio of longitudinal stress to longitudinal strain and is
21 Young's moduls
symbolized by E

The ratio of stress to strain, abbreviated as K. It is an elastic

22 constant equal to the change in applied pressure (∂P) divided Bulk moduls
by the ratio of the change in volume to the original volume of a
body (∂V/V).

This equation is the most widely used to calculate seismic

23 velocity changes by the presence of different fluid saturation in Gassmann’s equations
reservoirs.

To extract fluid types or saturations from seismic,

cross_x0002_well, or borehole sonic data. What technique is
24 the most used to calculate seismic velocity changes because of Gassmann’s equations
different fluid saturations in reservoirs?
25 AVO AMPLITUDE VS OFFSET
 What term refers to compressional wave effects only, and
26 acoustic models assume that the material does not propagate Acoustic
shear waves or that shear waves are not of any significance in
wave transmission?

27 In which year was drilled the world's first oil well at Baku? July 14, 1848

Who drills the world's first oil well at Baku, Azerbaijan using a
28 primitive cable-tool drilling technique which originated in Major Aleveev
ancient China?
29 When was oil first discovered in the United States? Aug 27, 1859
30 Who discovered oil first in US? George Bissell and Edwin L. Drake
31 What was the well deep of the first oil well in US? 70 [ft]
32 In which city was drilled the fisrt oil well in US? Titusville, Pennslyvania.

33 Year in which the first oil tanker was designed by Ludvig Nobel? 1878

What was the name of the first oil tanker designed by Ludvig
34 The Zoroaster
Nobel?

35 Year in which Gasoline engines started producing in the U.S.? 1891

36 What company begins producing gasoline engines in the U.S.? The Daimler Motor Company

37 In which year occur the Texas oil boom? 1901

In which city occur he U.S.'s first deep oil well and gusher
38 Spindletop, near Beaumont, Texas
bursts forth ?

39 Who patented the first roller-cone drill bit with two cones Howard Hughes, Sr. and Walter Sharp
made of steel?

In which year Howard Hughes, Sr. and Walter Sharp patent the
40 1909
first roller-cone drill bit with two cones made of steel?

41 Year in which the first electrical logging operarion was 1927

conduct?
Who conduct the first electrical logging operation at
42 Henri Doll, Roger Jost, and Charles Scheibli
Pechelbronn, France?
In which year was introduced the controlled directional
43 1929
drilling?
44 Who introduces controlled directional drilling? John Eastman
In which year was introduced the first tricone roller-cone drill
45 1933
bit?
46 Who introduces the first tricone roller-cone drill bit? Howard Hughes

It is a process which uses intense heat and a catalyst to split up

47 Catalytic cracking
heavy hydrocarbons, is first utilized in oil refining.

48 In which year catalytic cracking was introduced? 1935

49 Who directs the first horizontal well drilling in Azerbaijan? Alexander Grigoryan
50 In which country was applied the first horizontal well drilling? Azerbaijan.

Year in which the First commercial hydraulic fracturing

51 treatment performed in Stephens County, Oklahoma and 1949
Archer County, Texas.
Where was performed the first commercial hydraulic fracturing Stephens County, Oklahoma and
52
? Archer County, Texas

53 Which company developed the First commercial hydraulic Halliburton

fracturing in Texas?
Who was the designer of the first offshore mobile drilling
54 John T. Hayward (Hayward-Barnsdall).
platform?
In which year was designed the first offshore mobile drilling
55 platform? 1949

Name of the first offshore mobile drilling platform, designed by

56 The Breton Rig 20
John T. Hayward (Hayward-Barnsdall).

57 How deep can "The Breaton Rig 20" mobile drilling rig work? 20 feet

58 Who builds the first jack-up drilling rig (Delong Corporation)? Colonel Leon B Delong

In which year was build the first jack-up drilling rig (Delong
59 Corporation)? 1954

In which year the first purpose-built pipelay vessel goes into

60 1958
use (Brown & Root)?

61 The last year that water depth of wells drilled in US Gulf of 1958
Mexico equaled depth of wells producing (135 ft).

62 The last year that water depth of wells drilled in US Gulf of 1958
Mexico equaled depth of wells producing (135 ft).
Offshore rotary hoists appeared in 1959. What is the maximum
63 1959
weight they can lift?

64 In which year was developed the high temperature cement by 1959

Halliburton?

65 Year in which Exploration activity offshore Alaska begins. 1959

66 In which year was introduced the guar in fracuturing fluid? 1961

67 Which companies introduced guar into fracturing fluids? ARCO and Halliburton
Year in which the first digitized dipmeter logs completed by
68 computer- first successful computer processing of logs from 1961
tape (Schlumberger).
Which company introduced the first digitized dipmeter logs
69 SLB
completed?
70 When was completed the first subsea well? 1961
71 Which company involes in the first subsea well in 1961? Shell
When was establish the first semisubmersible drilling rig (Blue
72 1962
Water and Shell).
 First fully functional coiled tubing unit developed (Bowen Oil
73 1962
Tool and California Oil Company).

74 Which companies developed the first fully funtional coiled (Bowen Oil Tool and California Oil
tubing unit? Company).
75 When was oil discovered in Cook Inlet, Alaska? 1963
76 What company discored oil in Alaska in 1963? Shell
77 Invert emulsions for drilling operations introduced. 1964

78 Deepwater coring begins from research vessel Glomar 1965

Challenger.
Thermal-decay-time tool developed for through-tubing
79 1966
production logging (Schlumberger).
In which year was developed the oil sands production from
80 Athabasca Oil Sands in Alberta, Canada (Sun). 1967

81 Diverless subsea completion (Brown Oil Tools). 1967

In which year was discovered Prudhoe Bay field discovered in
82 Alaska (Arco). 12-Mar-68

83 Oil discovered at Ekofisk in Norwegian North Sea (Phillips). 1969

84 O-ring sealed journal bearing drill bit introduced (Hughes Tool). 1969

85 Deep ocean mining begins. 1970

86 First deepwater re-entry performed (Glomar Challenger). 1970

87 Bright-spot seismic technology used to evaluate tracts offered 1970

at Gulf Of Mexico lease sale (Shell, Mobile).

88 In which year was introduce the seismic technology in the oil 1970
industry?
First logging system combining gamma ray spontaneous
89 potential, induction spherically focused resistivity, sonic and 1971
caliper logs (Schlumberger).
Polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) drill bit introduced
90 1972
(Christensen).
Mud-pulse telemetry introduced, enabling accurate
91 determination of bit location while drilling (Teleco). 1972

First ship-shape production vessel installed at Ardjuna field

92 1974
Indonesia (Arco).

First oil produced in UK North Sea at Argyll field, employing first

93 1975
floating production unit (Hamilton Brothers).

94 Oil discovered in Mexico's bay of Campeche (Pemex). 1976

First floating production storage and offloading system
95 installed at Castellon field, Spain (Shell). 1977

First pipelay barges with 1,000-ft capability (Viking Piper and

96 1977
ETPM 1601).
97 The Trans-Alaska oil pipeline is completed. 1977
 Cognac platform set in more than 1,000 ft of water in US GOM
98 1978
(Shell).

99 Measurement-While-Drilling technology introduced (Teleco). 1978

First variable-speed electrical submersible pump (Hughes-

100 1980
Centrilift).

First commercially viable offshore horizontal well drilled at

101 1982
Rospe Mare in the Adriatic Sea, Italy (Elf Aquitaine).

102 First tubing-conveyed perforating run (Atlas Wireline Services). 1982

103 3D seismic processing begins (Veritas). 1982

First guyed tower installed, significantly reducing the
104 construction cost of platforms for use in water depths 1983
approaching 2,000 feet (Exxon).
First quantitative Logging While Drilling resistivity sensor
105 1983
(Halliburton).
Subsalt drilling begins on Ship Shoal Block 366 in US Gulf of
106 1983
Mexico (Placid).

107 Steerable drilling system introduced (Norton Christensen). 1984

Industry's first tension-leg platform (TLP) begins operation at

108 1984
Hutton field in UK (Conoco).

109 Derrick barge lift capacity reaches 13,200 tons (McDermott). 1986

110 Gulf of Mexico exploratory tract leased in almost 11,000 ft of 1988

water (Kerr-McGee)
Soviet drillers reach a depth of 40,230 feet on the Kola
111 pennisula, still the deepest hole ever drilled, and the deepest 1989
artificial point on Earth
Mica prospect on Mississippi Canyon Block 211 in US Gulf of
112 1990
Mexico is first subsalt discovery (Exxon).

113 3D seismic model processed at supercomputer workstation. 1991

114 First guidelineless subsea tree installed (Petrobras). 1991

115 Installation of first multilateral valves (Sperry, Canada). 1993
First subsea electrical submersible pump (ESP) installed
116 1993
(Schlumberger).
Auger Tension Leg Platform (TLP) in US Gulf of Mexico is first
117 floating production facility (Shell). 1993

118 Multilateral Completion System introduced (Baker Oil Tools). 1994

Subsea completion in Brazil's Campos Basin surpasses 1,000m

119 1994
water depth (Petrobras).
120 First 4D seismic time-lapse monitoring performed (CGG). 1994

121 Highly-integrated "triple combo" logging platform introduced 1995

(Schlumberger).
Qatar opens the world's first major liquid natural gas (LNG)
122 1996
exporting facility.
123 First through-tubing multilateral intervention. 1996
124 Deepwater Girassol field discovered off Angola (Elf) 1996
125 First commercial sonic imaging job (Schlumberger). 1996

First Spar floating deep water platform production facility

126 1996
installed at Neptune field in US Gulf of Mexico (Oryx).

127 Rotary Closed Loop Drilling System inaugurated (INTEQ). 1997

First intelligent wells with built-in remote monitoring and

128 1997
control completed at Snorre field, Norway (Saga and PES).

Mahogany field on Ship Shoal Block 349 in US Gulf of Mexico

129 1997
becomes first commercial subsalt development (Phillips).

130 Extended-reach well drilled beyond 10km on Wytch Farm (BP). 1998

Discovery of giant Thunder Horse field in US Gulf of Mexico

131 1999
(BP).

The Discoverer Enterprise dual-activity drillship is introduced,

designed to perform simultaneous operations including drilling,
132 testing, and completing wells to 35,000 ft in water up to 10,000 1999
ft. This new type of drillship was projected to increase
efficiency by 40% (Transocean).

133 First marine seismic acquisition using single-sensor, calibrated 2000

sources and steerable streamers (WesternGeco).

First 15,000-psi working-pressure subsea Christmas tree flow

134 2001
regulator installed (Cameron).
Managed pressure drilling to allow drilling beyond conventional
135 2003-2005
limits of depth or pressure is introduced.
Na Kika in US Gulf of Mexico is world's first semisubmersible
136 2003
host facility (Shell).
High-performance water-based mud introduced as alternative
137 to oil and synthetic emulsion-based muds (Baker Hughes 2004
Drilling Fluids).
Deepest successful extended test of Jack well in 7,000 ft of
138 2006
water in Gulf of Mexico (Chevron).
 World's longest extended reach (ERD) well drilled on Russia's
139 2011
Sakhalin Island, with a length of 40,502 feet (Exxon).

Ultra-deep-water drill ship, Dhirubhai Deepwater KG2 sets a

140 world water-depth record, drilling in 10,194 feet of water 2011
(Transocean).
Asgard, the first subsea gas compression facility, opens in the
141 September,2015
Norwegian Sea (Equinor).

142 The first autonomous offshore robot is deployed on a fully April, 2018
operational oil and gas installation (TU Darmstadt).
Single well production record set in the Campos Basin Libra
143 block of an average of 60,000 barrels of oil equivalent September,2018
(Petrobras).
The world’s first subsea power distribution system introduced
144 November, 2018
and tested in Norway (Siemens).
World’s largest spar platform, Aasta Hansteen, begins
145 December, 2018
production in the Norwegian Sea (Equinor).

146 First remote-activated deepwater completion system for 2019

interventionless operation introduced (TR1P, Weatherford).

Industry’s first 3D logging-while-drilling technology is

147 introduced (Halliburton). July, 2019

It is the system that transports reservoir fluids from the

148 subsurface reservoir to the surface, processes and treats the Production system
fluids, and prepares the fluids for storage and transfer to a
purchaser
149 Which author defined the real gas Pseudopressure? Al-Hussainy
A system that has reached equilibrium for the measurement or
150 phenomenon concerned. In the case of permeability Steady state
measurements on core samples.

An inflow performance curve tipically uses the maximum

151 theoretical capacity that a wellbore produce, name the term AOF
that represents its maximum capacity?

Name the two autors that developed an empirical relationship

as a solution of the diffusivity equation to the diffusivity
152 Rawlins and Scheldhart
equation for gas reservoirs in 1935. It's a good aproximation
and is frequently used in gas deliverability test analysis.

Who resented a theoretical deliverability relationship derived

153 from the generalized radial diffusivity equation accounting for Houpeurt
non-Darcy flow effects?
In the Rawlins and Schellhardt backpressure equation, what is C: Flow coefficient N:
154
the meaning of the letters C and N? Deliverability exponent
 This deliverability test is performed by producing the well at a
155 series of stabilized flow rates and obtaining the corresponding Flow After Flow test
stabilized flowing bottomhole pressures

156 What are the two axes of an IPR chart respectively? Y: Bottomhole flowing pressure
X: Flow rate
[STB/day/psi] (Daily barrels per psi /
157 What are the units of the productivity index? Stock Tank Barrels per day per psi /
Barrels per day per psi)

This test consists of producing the well at several different flow

158 Isochronal test
rates with flowing periods of equal duration

A type of deliverability test conducted in gas wells to generate

a stabilized gas deliverability curve (IPR). This test overcomes
159 Modified Isochronal Test
the limitation of the isochronal test, which requires long shut-in
times to reach the average reservoir pressure

A multirate test designed as a series of drawdown and buildup

sequences at different drawdown flow rates, with each
160 drawdown and buildup of the same duration. The purpose of Modified Isochronal Test
the test is to determine well deliverability, and this type of test
is most commonly done in gas wells.

Who was the first autor to present an easy to-use method for
161 Vogel
predicting the performance of oil wells?
How is defined the simultaneous flow of more than one fluid
162 Multiphase flow
phase through a porous medium?

A multiphase fluid flow regime characterized by the gas phase

163 Bubble flow
being distributed as bubbles through the liquid phase.

A multiphase-flow regime in pipes in which most of the lighter

164 fluid is contained in large bubbles dispersed within, and Slug flow
pushing along, the heavier fluid.
With regards to production engineering, what is the meaning
165 Vertical Lift Performance
of the acronym VLP?
It is the ratio of the downstream pressure to the wellhead
166 Pressure ratio
pressure
What property is defined as the volume occupied by a gas at
167 reservoir conditions divided by the volume of the same gas at Bg (Gas formation Volume factor)
standard conditions?

What is a permanent system capable of collecting, transmitting,

and analyzing wellbore production and reservoir and
168 Intelligent Well
completion integrity data, and enabling remote action to better
control reservoir, well, and production processes?
 It is defined as the ability of a system to provide data,
169 ob_x0002_tained in or near the wellbore, without requiring Remote completion monitoring
access and entry for conventional intervention
to the well.

What is a well (or sever_x0002_al wells) with the capability for

automated self-control, without the need to enter or manually
170 Intelligent-well system
send instructions to the well, which implies a closed loop
between monitoring and control devices?

171 In oil association, what does the acronym PEA stnads for? Production Engineering Association

In parlance to production and completions, what does the

172 Intelligent Well Industrial Standards
acronym IWIS stand for?
Where was completed the first subsea installation of a fiber-
173 optic sensor (including a subsea optical wet mateable North Sea Guillemot field
connector)?
In parlance of completions, what does the acronym ICD stand
174 Inflow control device
for?
In terms of production acceleration,what does the acronym
175 Operating Expenditure
OPEX stands for?
In terms of production acceleration,what does the acronym
176 CAPEX stands for? Capital Expenditure

What term is used to describe two or more zones that are

177 Commingled
mixed to assist in economic production?
What term used to describe the flow pattern where two or
178 more fluid phases may be present in a relatively even Commingled Flow
distribution?
179 In sand control, what does the acronym ICV stands for? Interval Control Valve (ICV)
A pressure gauge, typically run on slickline, used to measure
180 Downhole Gauge
and record downhole pressure.

181 A the most common sand-control method used to prevent Gravel pack
production of formation sand?

What is a steel screen is placed in the wellbore and where the

surrounding annulus is packed with prepared gravel of a
182 specific size designed to prevent the passage of formation Gravel pack
sand?
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