Compatibility Assessment of Transnational Grid
Interconnections
Pei ZHANG, Xiaoxi LV, Yao LU, Jiateng LI
School of Electrical Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong
University, Haidian District, Beijing 100044, China
2512692577@qq.com
Abstract—This paper proposes a novel method to assess the
compatibility of transnational grid interconnections, including
political, social, economic and environmental aspects.
Compatibility refers to the degree to which two countries are
suitable for grid interconnections. The paper analyzes each
influential factor and proposes a set of compatibility indices to
quantitively evaluate the compatibility of grid interconnections of
multiple countries. A scoring-based method is proposed in this
paper for comprehensive compatibility assessment, in which the
weighting factors and scoring criteria are developed. The
proposed compatibility assessment can effectively identify
opportunities, evaluate the feasibility of transnational
interconnections between countries and promote accomplishing
the vision of Global Energy Interconnections.
Keywords—Global Energy Interconnection; transnational grid
interconnection; compatibility assessment; indices system.
I. INTRODUCTION
Energy is important for social and economic development.
Over the past three hundred years since the industrialization,
the world energy industry has developed rapidly, which has
strongly supported the global economic and social
development. In this process, the use of traditional fossil
energy has led to serious problems such as resource shortage,
environmental pollution and climate change, which are
threatening human survival. In the future, with the rapid
development of global economic and continuing increase of
population, energy demand will continue to grow. The energy
development based on fossil energy is no longer sustainable.
Global Energy Interconnection is an effective way to promote
the development of clean energy worldwide and provide a
reliable energy supply. It will provide energy transformation
solutions for all of countries [1].
Global Energy Interconnection mainly relies on grid
interconnection, since grid is the most complete energy
network in human energy system so far and the transmission
and distribution network of grid is extremely malleable.
However, there are differences in political, social, economic
and environmental aspects among different countries.
Therefore, the compatibility in political, social, economic, and
environmental aspects between collaborating countries need to
be evaluated. Only by achieving political mutual trust, social
friendliness, policy compatibility, and resource
This work was supported in part by the State Grid Cooperation of China
scientific project "Research on the Mechanism and Model of Smart Grid Soft-
Connection Considering the Development of Global Energy Interconnection"
978-1-5386-5392-0/18/$31.00 ©2018 IEEE

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Xiaoling JIN
State Grid Energy Research Institute, Changping District,
Beijing 102209, China
jinxiaoling@sgeri.sgcc.com.cn
complementarity between collaborating countries can we
promote grid interconnections. In this sense, the compatibility
between collaborating countries is an important foundation
and prerequisite for transnational grid interconnections.
From interconnection of regional grids to interconnection of
national grids, transnational grid interconnection, even global
grid interconnection, the scale of grid interconnection
continues to expand during the development process. Previous
researches on grid interconnections have been focusing on
engineering studies. Reference [2] investigated low frequency
oscillation due to regional grid interconnection and developed
strategies on improving the dynamic stability of
interconnected grids. Reference [3] proposed coordinative
automatic under-frequency load shedding scheme for regional
grid interconnections. Reference [4] developed the parallel
algorithm based on DC optimal power flow model for
studying power flow distribution after grid interconnections.
Reference [5]-[7] investigated economic evaluation methods
for transnational interconnections. Reference [5] proposed a
cost-benefit model for economic assessment of transnational
interconnections. Reference [6] established an economic
evaluation framework to analyze economic benefits of the grid
interconnection project between China and Korea. Reference
[7] proposed an economic benefit assessment method of
transmission projects using chronological production cost
simulation model and developed evaluation indices with
consideration of generation revenue at energy sending end and
load payment at energy receiving end. The transnational
interconnection from China to Arab States was used as a case
study to validate the proposed economic benefit assessment
method. Grid interconnection has significant economic and
environmental benefits, so global grid interconnection is
imperative. Reference [8]-[11] introduced the current status
and trends of grid interconnections in Europe, Asia and even
the world. Possible interconnection modes of the grid in the
future have been studied in these papers. Reference [1] and
[12] performed research on Global Energy Interconnection.
Reference [1] proposed vision, goal, and development path of
Global Energy Interconnection. Reference [12] proposed
backbone network topology of Global Energy Interconnection
and analyzed the comprehensive benefits of Global Energy
Interconnection. In the past, the research on grid
interconnection mostly focused on technical aspects of power
system but lack of the study on political, social, economic and
environmental compatibility at national aspects. Because there
are differences in national economic, social development,
energy strategy, environmental policy and interest demands
among countries in the world, transnational grid
interconnections are facing a lot of barriers. Hence, the
coordination and unification between collaborating countries
are the premise for construction and operation of Global
Energy Interconnection. Compatibility assessment can
effectively identify opportunities, evaluate the feasibility of
transnational interconnections between countries and promote
accomplishing vision of Global Energy Interconnection.
To evaluate the compatibility of transnational grid
interconnections, this paper proposes compatibility assessment
for transnational interconnections. Compatibility refers to the
degree to which two countries are suitable for grid
interconnections. The paper analyzes factors from political,
social, economic and environmental aspects that influence
transnational grid interconnections. Based on analyzing
influential factors, the paper proposes a set of compatibility
indices to quantitively evaluate the compatibility of grid
interconnections of multiple countries. A scoring-based method
is proposed in this paper for comprehensive compatibility
assessment, in which the weighting factors and scoring criteria
are developed.
II. INFLUENTIAL FACTORS OF TRANSNATIONAL
INTERCONNECTIONS
Transnational grid interconnections are complex
undertakings, with varied issues. These issues are multi-
disciplinary, almost always having political, social, economic
and environmental aspects that must be considered [13].
Therefore, this paper considers the factors including political,
social, economic and environmental four aspects, which
impact transnational grid interconnections at national level.
Politically, the political factors are the precondition of
transnational grid interconnections. Socially, society harmony
and stability of collaborating countries provide the foundation
for transnational grid interconnections. Economically,
economic cooperation and economic development gap
between collaborating countries have impacts on grid
cooperation. Environmentally, national energy and
environmental policies of collaborating countries affect
sustainability of transnational grid interconnections.
A. Political Factors
The political factors provide preconditions for transnational
interconnections. Therefore, it is indispensable to analyze the
feasibility of transnational interconnections from the political
perspective. Political factors include national sovereignty and
security, political mutual trust between collaborating
countries, and national energy strategies. The integrity of
national sovereignty and political stability provide a good
political environment for the construction and operation of
transnational interconnections; political mutual trust can
assure the security of transnational interconnections; national

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energy strategies are important driving force for transnational
interconnections
1) National sovereignty and security
The integrity of national sovereignty and political stability
provide a good political environment for the construction and
operation of transnational interconnections. In the country
where wars and conflicts have broken out, domestic
infrastructures are destroyed and the investment risks are high,
so that the country lack of grid interconnections and electricity
exchange with neighboring countries. The construction and
operation of transnational interconnections are not guaranteed
because of political unrest. Therefore, national sovereignty
and security are important factors affecting transnational
interconnections.
2) Political mutual trust
Transnational interconnections are related to energy
security issues. The destruction of power network may cause
serious consequences. Neighboring countries need to eliminate
barriers and confrontation, enhance political mutual trust, and
strengthen intergovernmental cooperation so that transnational
interconnections can be achieved smoothly.
Firstly, political mutual trust is reflected in diplomacy,
including competitions and conflicts, territorial sovereignty
issues, and historical issues, which will reduce the political
mutual trust between collaborating countries. If a country has
very good political relations with others and no obvious
conflicts in history, transnational interconnections will be
easier. In particular, when the exchange of electricity
continues to increase, supply security will be a top priority.
Therefore, transnational interconnections require a high degree
of political mutual trust between collaborating countries.
Secondly, political mutual trust can be reflected in social
system. Political mutual trust between collaborating countries
with different social systems may be reduced, because their
governments, including their legal and economic systems, will
operate in different ways. Since they have to understand how
other countries’ management systems work, it will be more
difficult to reach an agreement on how to achieve
transnational interconnections between collaborating countries
[14]
.
3) Energy strategy
Energy strategy is an important driving force for
transnational interconnections. Energy strategy will help
strengthen inter-regional cooperation, develop large-scale clean
energy bases and regional networking plans. Besides, energy
strategy will strengthen coordination and communication on
energy, environmental protection laws, clean energy policies,
grid development policies, carbon emission reduction policies,
tariffs and fiscal policies, and promote the development of
green low-carbon framework.
B. Social Factors
Transnational grid interconnections are basic industries
related to national economy and people's livelihood. So the
influence of social harmony on transnational grid
interconnections cannot be ignored. Social harmony directly
affects the construction of transnational grid interconnections.
1) Social stability
Social stability includes allotment of social wealth, literacy
levels, and employment levels. When the society of a country
is stable, the people can live and work in peace, the economy
can develop rapidly, and transnational grid interconnections
can be promoted. When the society of a country is turbulent,
the country lacks the motivation to interconnect its grid with
other countries.
C. Economic Factors
Economic factors of transnational interconnections include
two aspects: national economic policy and national economic
foundation. Economic and trade policies affect profitability of
transnational interconnections. Economic base measures the
long-term stability of a country's investment environment.
1) Economic and trade policy
The construction of transnational grid interconnections
involves economic and trade policies of collaborating
countries, including tariff policy, tax policy, subsidy policy,
foreign direct investment policy, trade policy, labour policy.
Customs tariff rate and tax policy affect profitability of the
project. Subsidy policy can reduce investment cost of
transnational grid interconnections. Preferential policies for
foreign investment affect the enthusiasm of investors. Unified
trade rules for cross-border electricity markets between
collaborating countries are conducive to the development of
cross-border electricity trade. National labor policies,
especially labor cooperation policies, determine workforce
composition. If collaborating countries appropriately liberalize
the restrictions on labor access, the construction of
transnational grid interconnection projects can be finished as
scheduled.
2) National economic base
Firstly, when a country’s economy develops rapidly, the
electricity demand of this country is also increasing so that it
is more likely to interconnect its grids with other countries.
Secondly, the economic base measures the long-term stability
of investment environment. The investment of the project
requires the country to have huge financial resources. If
country’s economic strength is not strong, it may cause the
project to fail during the construction process, or slow down
its progress, which will affect cooperation willingness of
collaborating countries. If country’s economic base is good,
the investment risk is low. The return benefit and security of
the project are higher. Thirdly, economic development gap of
collaborating countries cannot be too large. Because the
imbalance of economic development among various countries
will greatly limit the room for mutual economic policy

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coordination, limit the development of power trade, and hinder
the formation of transnational grid interconnections [15].
D. Environmental Factors
The environmental factors affecting transnational grid
interconnections include land policy, low carbon policy and
clean energy. Among them, the land policy affects the
implementation of specific transnational grid interconnection
projects. National low carbon policies are the main starting
points of transnational grid interconnections. Clean energy
reflects the potential of energy development, and the
sustainability of transnational grid interconnections.
1) Land policy
Land policy affects the implementation of specific
transnational interconnection projects. To construct
transnational interconnections, it is necessary to construct
transnational transmission lines. Due to the consideration of
ecological environment, the approval time of transmission
lines construction is longer generally. Land acquisition is more
difficult for developed countries such as the United States
because of land privatization. The land approval of
transmission lines and transmission corridors often takes 7-8
years, seriously affecting the progress of grid construction.
2) Low carbon policy
Low carbon policies are the main starting points for the
construction of transnational grid interconnections. The 2015
Paris Climate Conference determined that “the global
temperature rise in this century should be controlled within
2ć”. If there are no effective measures, global temperature
rise will exceed 4ć at the end of the 21st century, which will
cause sea level rise, food production cuts, species extinction,
seriously threatening human survival and development. The
Paris Agreement is the third international legal text to address
climate change in human history, forming a global climate
governance pattern after 2020[16]. The main cause of climate
change is carbon emissions from fossil fuel burning.
According to their national conditions, state parties have
formulated different carbon emission reduction targets and
formed strict low carbon policies.
Transnational grid interconnections meet global electricity
demand in a clean and green way by replacing fossil energy
with clean energy, which will significantly reduce greenhouse
gas emissions. Countries with high carbon emissions have to
actively seek ways to reduce carbon emissions and meet their
emission quotas. Therefore, their willingness to construct
transnational grid interconnections with other countries is
stronger.
3) Clean energy
Clean energy determines the development prospects of the
country's energy field. It can measure the energy development
potential and determine the sustainability of transnational grid
interconnections.
 The higher the proportion of clean energy in the country is,
the greater the potential of generating electricity from clean
energy is. The prospects for power development in the future
are also considerable. Transnational interconnections can help
to consume domestic surplus energy and effectively reduce
abandonment, and turn resource advantages into economic
advantages. The lower the proportion of clean energy in the
country, the slower the development of domestic clean energy
industry, the more serious the environmental impact of using
traditional fossil energy to generate electricity. Therefore, in
order to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and improve
environmental friendliness, it is necessary to actively seek
transnational grid interconnections.
III. COMPATIBILITY INDICES OF TRANSNATIONAL
INTERCONNECTIONS
The research on influencing factors and compatibility
indices of transnational grid interconnections can reduce the
cost of the mistakes, which will save the government and
enterprises a lot of expenses and improve the correctness of
investment decisions of transnational grid interconnections.
Based on analyzing influential factors, the paper proposes a
set of compatibility indices. The principles that should be
followed are the following:
Aim principle: The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the
compatibility of transnational grid interconnections between
countries. Therefore, all indices should closely around the
compatibility of transnational grid interconnections.
Integrity principle: The compatibility of transnational grid
interconnections has many aspects. Therefore, the indices
system should be able to comprehensively reflect the impact
of politics, society, economy and environment on transnational
grid interconnections.
Simplicity principle: The indices should be representative,
typical and concise. When establishing the evaluation index
system, we should grasp the key elements that reflect the nature
of the problem, and succinctly describe the basic characteristics
of the compatibility.
A. Political Compatibility Evaluation Indices
1) National security
National security is a prerequisite for transnational grid
interconnections. When there are terrorism, political parties
conflict, or wars with other countries, this country cannot
construct transnational grid interconnections, which means
that national security has veto power over transnational grid
interconnections. Different countries have different definitions
of national security levels.
Chinese military's degree of combat readiness can measure
the state of national security. There are four degrees of
Chinese military's degree of combat readiness: fourth-degree
combat readiness, third-degree combat readiness, second-
degree combat readiness, and first-degree combat readiness.

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Fourth-degree combat readiness: When major emergencies
occur abroad or major anomalies occur in China's surrounding
areas, it may greatly impact on China's security and stability.
Third-degree combat readiness: Major anomalies in the
surrounding areas may pose a direct military threat to China.
Second-degree combat readiness: The deteriorating
situation has already constituted a direct military threat to
China.
First-degree combat readiness: The situation is extremely
tense, and the signs of war against China are very obvious.
US Department of Homeland Security uses a terrorist attack
grading mechanism, which is shown in Table I. This grading
mechanism measures the risk of terrorist attacks. The system
has five grades from high to low.
TABLE I
TERRORIST ATTACK GRADING MECHANISM
Grade Description
Severe(red) serious risk of terrorist attacks
High(Orange) high risk of terrorist attacks
Elevated(yellow) significant risk of terrorist attacks
Guarded(blue) general risk of terrorist attack
Low(green) low risk of terrorist attacks
In combination with the Chinese military's degree of
combat readiness and the terrorist attack grading mechanism
of the United States, when the state’s military readiness
reaches the third-degree combat readiness and above, or when
the terrorist attack grading mechanism reaches yellow and
above, the national security index will exercise one-vote veto
power on transnational grid interconnections. Only when the
national sovereignty is integral and the political situation is
stable can transnational grid interconnections have a political
environment for construction and operation.
2) Conflicts between collaborating countries
The conflict between collaborating countries refers to wars
and territorial disputes between them in their history. These
issues affect political mutual trust between collaborating
countries. If there are no issues above, the score of this index
is 5; if there were wars or territorial disputes in history, the
score of this index is 0.
3) Society stage consistency
Human society can be categorized into five stages:
primitive society, slave society, feudal society, capitalist
society and communist society (the socialist society is the
primary stage of the communist society). If the societies’
stages of collaborating countries are the same, the score of this
index is 5. If they are not the same, the score of this index is 0.
4) Hierarchy of diplomatic relations
Table II shows the diplomatic relations between countries.
According to the diplomatic relations, the corresponding score
is developed in this paper.
 TABLE II
DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS AND THE CORRESPONDING SCORE
Diplomatic Relations Score
Level 1: Allies 10
Level 2: Ambassador level 7 countries are greater than 10%, the score of this index is 0.
Level 3: Agency level 3
Level 4: Breaking off 0 C. Economic Compatibility Evaluation Indices
Level 5: State of war One-vote veto
5) Energy strategy consistency
If the collaborating countries have formulated energy
strategies that are conducive to the development of
transnational grid interconnections, it means that the
collaborating countries attach importance to their energy
development, and the possibility of interconnection increases.
The score of this index is 10. If not all of the collaborating
countries have developed energy strategies, the score of this
index is 5. If all of the collaborating countries do not have
energy strategies, the score of this index is 0.
B. Social Compatibility Evaluation Indices
1) Gini coefficient
The Gini coefficient can measure the average degree of
income distribution of countries. The smaller the Gini
coefficient, the more average the income distribution and the
more harmony the society. Therefore, the Gini coefficient is
used as an index to measure the degree of social harmony.
According to the regulations that have been laid down by
the relevant organization of UN: when the Gini coefficient is
under 0.2, the income is absolutely average; when the Gini
coefficient is between 0.2 and 0.3, the income distribution is
reasonable; when the Gini coefficient is between 0.3 and 0.4,
the income distribution is relatively reasonable; when the Gini
coefficient is between 0.4 and 0.5, the income distribution is
larger; when the Gini coefficient is over 0.5, the income gap is
very huge[17]. Internationally, 0.4 is often used as a warning
line for the gap between the rich and the poor. If the Gini
coefficient is greater than this value, social unrest will be
easier. Therefore, when the Gini coefficients of the
collaborating countries are less than 0.4, the score of this
index is 10; when only one country’s Gini coefficient is
greater than 0.4, the score of this index is 5; when both
countries’ Gini coefficients are greater than 0.4, the score of
this index 0.
2) Unemployment rate
The unemployment rate can reflect the employment level of
the social labor force and the competition for jobs [18]. The rise
of unemployment in the whole society will bring serious
problems to the whole society. People's basic rights to work
and subsistence are threatened, which may cause social unrest
[19]
. If countries’ land policies have positive impacts on the
According to international practice, when the
unemployment rate is less than 5%, the society is in a state of
full employment; when the unemployment rate is 5% to 10%,
it may lead to economic problem; when the unemployment
rate is greater than 10%, it may lead to major social and
political problems [20]. If the unemployment rates of both

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countries are less than 10%, the score of this index is 10; if
only one country's unemployment rate is less than 10%, the
score of this index is 5; if the unemployment rates of both
1) Economic Cooperation Organization
Economic Cooperation Organization can promote the trade
of collaborating countries. Currently, the collaborating
countries of transnational grid interconnections are mostly
members of regional economic cooperation organizations. In
the process of promoting regional economic integration, the
transnational grid interconnections and unified power market
construction are simultaneously promoted. If the collaborating
countries belong to the same economic cooperation
organization, the score of this index is 5. Otherwise, the score
of this index is 0.
2) Bilateral Free Trade Agreement
Bilateral free trade agreements allow trade between the
parties to be as liberal as possible. The direct reflection of
trade liberalization is the decline in tariffs, the reduction of
non-tariff measures and other trade restrictions. If two
countries sign a bilateral free trade agreement, it will help
eliminate trade barriers and allow electricity to flow freely
between countries. It can also reduce transaction costs and
circulation costs, and ensure the maximum economic benefits
of the two countries in the transnational grid interconnection.
Therefore, if the two countries have signed a free trade
agreement, the score of this index is 10; if they haven’t signed
a free trade agreement, the score of this index is 0.
3) The compatibility of per capita GDP
It is generally believed that one of the necessary conditions
for establishing a high-level economic cooperation is that the
per capita GDP levels are similar. When the gap between
collaborating countries’ per capita GDP is too large, it will be
more difficult to coordinate the interests and explore an
effective way of cooperation which is conducive to gradually
narrow the economic gap [15]. The per capita GDP can measure
the scale of a country’s economy and the overall level of
economic development. If the ratio of per capita GDP (the
large one divided by the small one) is between 1 and 2, the
score of this index is 10. If the ratio of per capita GDP (the
large one divided by the small one) is between 2 and 3, the
score of this index is 9 and so on.
D. Environmental Compatibility Evaluation Indices
1) Land policy
construction of transmission lines, the score of this index is 5;
if countries’ land policies have negative impacts on the
construction of transmission lines, the score of this index is 0.
2) Low carbon policy
 If both the collaborating countries of transnational grid
interconnections have low carbon policies, the score of this
index is 10; if only one country has low-carbon policies, the
score of this index is 5; if neither country has low carbon
policies, the score of this index is 0.
3) The Compatibility of Renewable Energy
When the renewable energy of the electricity seller can
meet the demand of renewable energy of the electricity buyer,
the renewable energies of the two countries are
complementary. The score of this index is 10. Otherwise, the
score of this index is 0.
E. Comprehensive evaluation results
This paper gives different weights based on the importance
of each index. National security and political relations are key
variables in constructing transnational grid interconnections.
The total score of political indices is 30. The degree of social
harmony has a long-term impact on transnational grid
interconnections. The total score of social indices is 20.
Economic and trade policies have affected the profitability of
transnational grid interconnections. The economic strength
determines the feasibility of transnational grid
interconnections. The total score of economic indices is 25.
Environmental factors are the main starting point for
transnational grid interconnection. The total score of
environmental indices is 25. Table III shows all indices and
their weights.
TABLE III
COMPATIBILITY EVALUATION INDICES OF TRANSNATIONAL GRID
INTERCONNECTIONS
By collecting data and policy information from
collaborating countries and integrating evaluation indices in
four aspects, the final evaluation results are obtained. The
evaluation results are categorized into three grades according
to the total score. Table IV shows the compatibility ranking
based on score.
TABLE IV
THE COMPATIBILITY RANKING BASED ON SCORE
Grade Score
A •70
B >50 and <70
C ”50
When the transnational grid interconnection is Grade A, it
indicates that the political, social, economic and
environmental obstacles faced by the construction and
operation of the project are relatively small. The project
implementation is not difficult, which means that the
transnational grid interconnection project is highly feasible;
When the transnational grid interconnection is Grade B, it
indicates that although there are some obstacles, the project
still has certain feasibility as long as the collaborating
countries make efforts; When the transnational grid
interconnection is Grade C, it indicates that it is difficult to
interconnect countries’ grids, the economic barriers between
the collaborating countries are serious, the political barriers
are large, society's harmonious degree is not high, and the
environmental driving force is not strong. The collaborating
countries have to make great efforts to this end, so the
project's feasibility is not high. Therefore this paper considers
that the collaborating countries are not suitable for
transnational grid interconnection in this case.

Aspects Compatibility Evaluation Indices IV. CONCLUSION

(weighting) (weighting)
Political National security Transnational grid interconnections are the trend of global
Compatibility (One-vote veto) grids. The global grid interconnection is a “bridge” to achieve
Evaluation Conflicts in collaborating countries world’s peace, prosperity, openness, innovation, and
Indices (5) civilization which has enormous values and benefits.
(30) Social system consistency
(5)
However, as an ambitious vision, transnational grid
Hierarchy of diplomatic relations interconnections will face a lot of challenges. Not only the
(10) technical problems have to be solved, but also the economic,
Energy strategy consistency political, social and environmental issues must be carefully
(10)
addressed.
Social Gini coefficient
Compatibility (10) This paper provided a certain reference value for the
Evaluation Unemployment rate
Indices (10)
planning of transnational grid interconnections by studying the
(20) political, social, economic and environmental compatibility
Economic Economic Cooperation Organization among the countries with interconnection willingness. Based
Compatibility (5) on the analysis of the characteristics of transnational grid
Evaluation Bilateral Free Trade Agreement
Indices
interconnections and influencing factors, this paper proposes
(10)
(25) The compatibility of per capita GDP compatibility assessment for transnational grid
(10) interconnections, which includes political, social, economic
Environmental Land policy and environmental aspects. The compatibility indices of
Compatibility (5) transnational grid interconnections proposed in this paper have
Evaluation Low carbon policy
Indices (10)
general applicability. It can be applied to different economic
(25) The Compatibility of Renewable Energy and political environments of different countries.
(10)
The compatibility assessment proposed in this paper has
profound guiding significance for transnational grid


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interconnections. During the process of evaluation, the main
obstacles between countries can be identified. In order to
promote transnational grid interconnections, countries should
spare no efforts to reduce obstacles. If the political
relationships between countries are not good, they should
resolve disputes through political dialogue, enhance political
mutual trust, and strengthen intergovernmental cooperation. If
the society is not stable, countries should strengthen legal
system building, narrow the wealth gap and promote social
harmony. If the economic develops slowly and there are
economic barriers, countries should devote major efforts to
developing economy and make friendly economic policies. If
there are environmental obstacles, countries should improve
relevant laws and regulations.
The construction of the transnational grid interconnections
is related to the rationality of the grid structure and scale in the
next few decades or even hundreds of years. Traditional
evaluation indices only consider security and economy of grid
itself, and don’t consider the compatibility among collaborating
countries. Without these considerations, it may lead to that the
development of grid is poorly coordinated with the
development of social economy and other external
environments. Therefore, compatibility assessment of
transnational grid interconnections is of great significance to
the grid interconnections worldwide.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The paper is sponsored by State Grid Technology Research
Program "Research on the Mechanism and Model of Smart
Grid Soft-Connection Considering the Development of Global
Energy Interconnection". The authors would like to thank Dr.
Taiyou Yong, Dr. Linquan Bai, Dr. Fang Zhang, and Rujia
Duan for their valuable comments and suggestions.
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