UNIVERSITY OF TRINIDAD AND TOBABO

COURSE: PLANT TECHNOLOGY II

COURSE CODE- PLNT 2004

LAB: THE INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE TRIAL

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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the characteristi cs of a two-stroke internal combustion engine.
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INTRODUCTION: The small internal combustion (IC) engine is widely used as a convenient
compact source of power. Lawn mowers, pumps, cement mixers and motor cycles are a few
of the many applications. This lab requires students to take readings of an engine running at
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different speeds and to plot the major indicators of its performance.

EQUIPMENT:

a. A two stroke gasoline IC engine.

b. A hydraulic Dynamometer.

c. An instrumentation Unit.

PROCEDURE: The laboratory technician will set up the equipment, start the engine, adjust the
engine speed for students to take readings and shutdown the equipment.

Caution: Temperatures at the engine and especially the exhaust piping can be very high
and touching can lead to severe burns. Students must not touch any of the equipment.

READINGS: Readings as outlined in the table below should be taken at each of the five speeds
the engine would be run at. Pay careful attention to the units of measurement being used.

Speed,n Torque, Air flow rate, Exhaust Fuel

rev/min T, Nm mmH20 temperature consumption
(rate)

1
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Fuel specifications: Density = 761 kg/m

Calorific Value = 45 700 kJ/kg

Brake Power (kW) = (T x 2 x 3.142 x n)/60000 where T is in Nm and n in

3 ) 3
rev/min Fuel mass flow rate (kg/h) = volumetric flow rate ( /h) x density (kg/m

Specific fuel consumption (g/kWh) = Fuel mass flow rate (kg/h) x 1000/ Brake Power (kW)

Air mass flow rate (kg/h): Read from attached chart and use a correction factor of 0.975
(assumes that the ambient temperature is 27°C)

Air/Fuel ratio = Air mass flow rate (kg/h) I Fuel mass flow rat (kg/h).

Energy input from fuel (k) = Mass flow rate of fuel (kg/h) x Calorific Value (kJ/kg)/3600

Brake Thermal efficiency = Brake Power/Energy input

PLOTS:

Plot the following parameters versus speed with speed on the X-axis and comment on the
relationships.

• Exhaust temperature.
• Torque. ·
• Brake Power.
• Specific fuel consumption.
• Air/Fuel ratio.
• Brake thermal efficiency.

Marking scheme:

• Presentation: 4mks
• Calculations: 15mks.
• Plots and observations: 15mks
• Conclusion:6mks
RESULTS:

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.. TEST ENGINE TRIAL RESULTS
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Test number Speed, Torque, Airflow Exhaust Fuel

.. . n T, rate, temperature consumption
Rev/m Nm mm H2O /0c (rate)for 8ml
1 in2000 9.1 9.1 450 22.4
2 2200 .. 9.4 10.9 475 20.5
3 2400 9..56 11.8 500 19.2
4 2600 9.65 13 512 18.4
5 2800 9.7 . 13.8 525 17.91
6 3000 9.9 14 546 17.18
7 3200 9.84 15.01 560 16.65
8 3400 9.8 16.9 562 15.67
9 3600 9.6 19.01 560 14.7

Specific 0.761
gravity

Calorific 44000 KJ/Kg

· Value of fuel
3
Density 761 kg/m

Airflow Airflow
rate, rate,
Mm H2O Kg/hr
9.1 9
10.9 12
11.8 13
13 14
13.8 15
14 16
15.01 17
16.9 18
19.01 20

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