Good morning, everyone.

We are the fifth group, and we are here to present the relationship between
temperature and volume of gases at constant pressure. Jacques Alexander Charles found out that gases
expand when heated, and contract when cooled. It simply says that as temperature increases, the gas
expands. Conversely, a decrease in temperature results in a decrease in volume. Therefore, we are here to
perform and show to you some applications of Charles’ law through our experiments.

Before we begin, we have our equipment. For safety, we have our lab gown and gloves.

Experiment #1: Demonstrate Charles’ Law with an Inflated Balloon

Materials: Balloon, Beaker, Boiling water, Tape measure

First step is to inflate the balloon, not too much, then measure (before boiling water) its size (cm). Next is we
are going to pour the boiling water in the beaker. After that, we’ll put the inflated balloon in the beaker and then
cover it, let’s observe what will happen. After a few seconds we noticed that the balloon has an increase in
size, thus, we should take it out the beaker and measure it again (after boiling water and before room temp).
Give it a few seconds and measure it (after room temp and before cooler).
The increase in temperature will force the air to increase its volume, thus expanding the balloon.

Observations: At room temperature, the pressure inside the balloon is exactly as the air outside the balloon. If
we warm the air inside the balloon, the pressure of the air in the balloon will increase due to the collision
between the air molecules and the walls of the balloon. Gas molecules speeds up as temperature increases.

After measuring, place the balloon inside the cooler and wait for about 5 mins. Now, we will cool the balloon by
immersing it in the ice. Removing the heat will allow the balloon to deflate. After 5 minutes, take the balloon out
the cooler, observe what happened, and measure its size (after cooler). Then we’ll compare and discuss the
measurements we measured.

Observations: As the air cools, the pressure decreases. The stronger air pressure outside the balloon
compresses the balloon. The reduction in balloon volume increases the air density, which raises the air
pressure inside the balloon. The balloon will continue to shrink in size until its pressure is the same as its
surroundings.

Observations:

When the air inside the balloon is heated with boiling water, the balloon starts to inflate and expands. Again,
when the air is cooled, the volume of the air shrinks and the balloon starts to deflate and contract.

In Charles Law, it is important to maintain the pressure and the amount of air remain constant. If T increases, P
and V also increases. If the V increases by a certain factor, the P decreases by the same factor and vice versa.

Experiment #2: Demonstrating Charles’s Law by Expanding and Contracting a

Balloon
Materials: Balloon, Bottle, Container(s), Hot and Cold water

For the second activity, attach the balloon to the bottle, then pour the hot and cold water into both containers.
Place and hold the bottle in the hot water, and then observe what will happen.

Charles’ Law states that if you heat up gas, the air inside of the bottle takes up space and it takes up MORE
space when heated. So, if we heat up the air inside the bottle, we will get an increase in volume. The air inside
the balloon expanded.
After a few seconds, this time, place and hold the bottle in the cold water and observe what will happen.

The air inside of the bottle should compress and the molecules shall move slower. So, it will start calming down
and going back down. As the air inside the bottle cooled, the heated molecules slowed down and the water
vapor condensed on the inside of the bottle.

If ma push inside, This created a lower air pressure than what there was initially. This air pressure differential—
lower inside, higher outside—resulted in the balloon not only deflating but being pushed into the bottle until
equilibrium was reached. It is not the case that the outside air pressure alone pushes the balloon into the
bottle; it’s an imbalance in the relational model that results in the air pressure pushing the balloon into the
bottle

According to Charles’ Law, as the air inside the balloon and bottle cools, its volume should decrease until the
air pressure inside the bottle is equal to the air pressure outside the bottle.

The rapid cooling of the gas inside of the bottle and balloon causes the volume of the gas to decrease. As the
volume decreases, the volume of the balloon also decreases, causing it to shrink. 

Experiment #3: Demonstrating Charles’s Law with a ping-pong ball

Materials: Ping-pong ball, hot or boiling water, container

This activity is easy; we’ll just dent the ping-pong ball and then place it in the container with hot or boiling
water. Observe what will happen to the ping-pong ball.

As the air inside the ping pong ball heats up, it expands to take up more space. Because it has to take up more
space, it has to force the dented plastic of the ball out to create space inside and makes the ball round again.

Experiment #4: Demonstrating Charles’s Law with a crushed plastic bottle

Materials: Bottle, hot or boiling water, container

This activity is quite similar to activity number 3; crumble the plastic bottle and place it in the container with hot
or boiling water. Then observe what will happen to the crumbled plastic bottle.
Analysis:

What happens when a gas is heated?

- Its particles gain energy. With more energy, the particles have a greater speed. Therefore, they can
move more and spread out farther. The volume of the gas increases as it expands and takes up more
space.

According to kinetic molecular theory, an increase in temperature will increase the average kinetic energy of
the molecules. As the particles move faster, they will likely hit the edge of the container more often. If the
reaction is kept at constant pressure, it must stay farther apart, and an increase in volume will compensate for
the increase in particle collision with the surface of the container.

The gases expand on heating due to an increase in the movement of the molecules. This movement increases the
collision of the molecules with each other and the walls of the container. It results in increasing the volume of the
gas. If the wall of the container is flexible, the pressure remains constant. According to this law, temperature and
volume are directly proportional to each other, keeping the pressure constant.

And thus, that concludes our presentation. Thank you for listening.