Bernoulli's Principle

and Application

Ang Sovann 1
 Fluid flow

 Amount of volume of fluid that passes through an

area (pipe) per time called Volume flow rate.

 Q : volume flow rate (m3/s)

 V : volume of fluid (m/s)
 t : time (s)
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 Fluid flow

 Amount of mass of
the fluid that passing
a point (pipe) in the
system per unit time
called Mass flow
rate.
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 Fluid flow
 Flow rate depends on the pressure differences in
the region.

 R : flow
resistance

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 Fluid flow

 Resistance is the factor that reduce the flow of fluid.

 Friction of the fluid with the pipe (elbow, fitting,
valve, pipe surface…)
 Friction within the fluid which known as Viscosity.

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 Viscosity

 Viscosity is a measure of a fluid's resistance to flow.

 It describes the internal friction of a moving fluid.
 Viscosity means friction between the molecules of
fluid.

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Viscosity

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Viscosity

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 Fluid flow characteristic

 Flow of fluid has two types:

1. Laminar flow
2. Turbulent

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 Laminar flow

 fluid follows a smooth path, paths which never

interfere with one another (parallel).

 The velocity of the fluid is constant at any point in

the fluid.

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Laminar flow

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 Turbulent flow

 Irregular flow that is characterized by tiny whirlpool

regions.
 The velocity of this fluid is definitely not constant at
every point

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Laminar vs Turbulent

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 Continuity equation

 Liquids must maintain their volume as they flow in a

pipe since they are nearly incompressible.

 Volume of liquid that flows into a pipe in a given

amount of time must equal the volume of liquid that
flows out of a pipe in the same amount of time.
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Continuity equation

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 Daniel Bernoulli

 A Swiss mathematician and physicist and was one of

the many prominent mathematicians.
 Born: 1700, Netherlands
 Died: 1782, Basel, Switzerland
 Known for: Bernoulli's principle,
kinetic theory of gases,
thermodynamics 16
 Daniel Bernoulli ‘s principle

 Hold a paper near to your mouth and blow it.

 See? What happen?

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 Daniel Bernoulli ‘s principle

 Blow between two balloons.

 See? What happen?

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 Daniel Bernoulli ‘s principle

 Bernoulli stated that

“ In a horizontal flow of fluid, the highest fluid pressure
is in the section where the flow speed is the lowest,
and the lowest pressure is at the section where the
flow speed is the biggest ”.

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Bernoulli ‘s principle

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Bernoulli ‘s principle

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 Bernoulli ‘s principle

 Within a horizontal water pipe that changes

diameter, regions where the water is moving fast will
be under less pressure than regions where the water
is moving slow.

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Bernoulli ‘s equation

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 Bernoulli ‘s equation

 Bernoulli's equation can be viewed as a

conservation of energy law for a flowing fluid.
 Bernoulli’s equation is the same at every point in a
streamline.

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 Bernoulli ‘s equation

 If no change in the height of the fluid,

 Or we could write it as,

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Bernoulli Vs Newton

(1700 – 1782) (1642-1727)

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 Application

 Bernoulli’s principle is what allows birds and planes

to fly.

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Application

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 Application

 Wing of plane or bird

 The shape of the wing is

called Aerodynamic. 29
 Bernoulli ‘s equation
 As the wing of a car or a bird moves forward, the air
flows at higher speed on top of the wing and this
creates a region of low pressure on top of the wing.
 The slower air flow beneath the wing has a higher
pressure.
 The difference in pressure produces a net force that
pushes the wing up. 30
Application

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Application

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 Application

 Pressure on mountain is low with the high wind

speed 33
Application

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Application

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Application

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 Exercise 1

 Water is flowing in an open channel. The average

speed of the water is 0.5 m/s. If the depth of the water
d is 0.5 m and the width of the channel L is 2.5 m.
 what is the volume flow rate of the channel?
*Channel is rectangular shape

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 Exercise 2

 How many cubic meters of blood does the heart pump

in a 75-year lifetime, assuming the average flow rate is
5.00 L/min?

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 Exercise 3

 In a pipe that has a cross-sectional area of 0.5 m2

and a flow rate of 1.5 m3/s.
 What is the average speed of the fluid carried by the
pipe?

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 Exercise 4

 Suppose that water flows from a pipe with a

diameter of 1m into another pipe of diameter 0.5m.
 If the speed of water in the first pipe is 5m/s.
 what is the speed in the second pipe?

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 Exercise 5

 A diameter garden hose with a diameter of 3cm

sprays water travels through a hose at 1m/s.
 At the end of the garden hose, the diameter reduces
to 1.5cm.
 What is the speed of the water coming out at the
end?
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 Exercise 6

 A house is supplied water from the overhead tank

with a with cross sectional area of 36cm^2 and the
speed of water is 0.48m/s. the pipe is connected to a
faucet with area of 12cm^2 in the kitchen.
 What is the speed of water when exit from the
faucet?
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 Exercise 7

 A pipe with a radius of 0.1 m used to drain an entire

full water tank within one hour. The tank is a cylinder
with a height (h) of 3 meters and a diameter of 5
meters.
 How fast will the water need to move through the
pipe?
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 Exercise 8

 A restaurant want to deliver beer with density 1090kg/m^3

through pipe. The speed and pressure at point 1 is 3m/s and
12300 Pa. The point 2 is at 2m higher than point 1 is traveling
with speed of 0.750m/s.
 Find the pressure at point 2. 44
 Exercise 9
 A water fountain that is fed by a15 cm
diameter cylindrical pipe that carries water
horizontally 8.00 m below the ground. The
pipe turns upwards for fires water has 5.00
cm diameter, which is located 1.75 m
above the ground, with a speed of32.0
m/s.
 Calculate pressure required at inlet large
pipe. 45