Practice Questions for Midterm 2 (answers are at the end)

This= correct answer if this answer is wrong

1. The ATP made during glycolysis is generated by ________________.

a. substrate-level phosphorylation.
b. electron transport.
c. photophosphorylation.
d. chemiosmosis.
e. oxidation of NADH to NAD+.

2. In the presence of oxygen, pyruvate can be further broken down in the citric acid cycle. First, however, it
must undergo pyruvate oxidation resulting in the formation of __________.
a. acetyl CoA, O2, and ATP.
b. acetyl CoA, FADH2, and CO2.
c. acetyl CoA, FAD, and CO2.
d. acetyl CoA, NADH, and CO2.
e. acetyl CoA, NAD+, ATP, and CO2.

3. With one complete turn of the citric acid cycle, what is the maximum number of ATP molecules that could
be made through substrate-level phosphorylation?
a. 1
b. 2
c. 11
d. 12
e. 24

4. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is released during which of the following stages of cellular respiration?
a. glycolysis and pyruvate oxidation
b. pyruvate oxidation and the citric acid cycle
c. the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation
d. oxidative phosphorylation and fermentation
e. fermentation and glycolysis

5. Where is ATP synthase located in the mitochondrion?

a. cytosol
b. electron transport chain
c. outer membrane
d. inner membrane
e. mitochondrial matrix

6. What is the primary overall purpose of the light-dependent reactions?

a. provide electrons and energy for the light-independent reactions
b. generate O2 gas for carbon fixation
c. create a proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane that will drive the production of NADPH
d. transfer electrons to the primary electron acceptors so that they could be used to generate water for the
cell
 7. Which of the following best describes inductive resonance?
a. A low-energy electron moves to a high-energy state by absorbing heat.
b. A high-energy electron leaves its nucleus and moves to a different molecule.
c. A high-energy electron transferring energy to another electron in a nearby pigment.
d. A pigment molecule accepts a high-energy electron and releases a photon of energy

8. Which of these correctly describes the primary purpose of the Calvin cycle?
a. produce G3P using CO2 as a carbon source
b. recover electrons lost when oxygen was split
c. capture photons of light directly to make organic molecules
d. to increase the levels of atmospheric CO2

9. Each of the two daughter cells that result from the normal mitotic division of the original parent cell contains
____________________.
a. the same number of chromosomes but different genes than the parent cell.
b. the same number of chromosomes and genes identical to those of the parent cell.
c. one-half the number of chromosomes but different genes than those of the parent cell.
d. one-half of the number of chromosomes and genes identical to those of the parent cell.

10. If at the beginning of interphase in G1, a cell has 36 chromosomes. How many chromosomes would be found
in one of its daughter cells after meiosis?
a. 18
b. 36
c. 72
d. 64

11. Which statement best describes the difference between cell division in plant and animal cells?
a. In plant cells, centrosomes have an important role in spindle formation, while in animal cells centrosomes
do not function during cell division.
b. In animal cells, replication of chromosomes occurs during interphase, while in plant cells replication occurs
when the nuclear envelope disintegrates.
c. In animal cells, but not plant cells, cytokinesis is accomplished by formation of a cleavage furrow.
d. In plant cells, but not animal cells, cytokinesis is accomplished by formation of a cleavage furrow.

12. Progression through the phases of the cell cycle is regulated by fluctuating concentrations of _____________,
which results in changes in _________ activities.
a. microtubules; kinetochore
b. cyclins; microtubule
c. kinetochores; cyclin-dependent kinases
d. cyclins; cyclin-dependent kinases

13. Medium that contains a full complement of nutrient substances, including amino acids, and other chemicals
that normal bacterial strains will produce for themselves, is called __________ medium and is essential for the
growth of __________.
a. minimal; prototrophs.
b. minimal; auxotrophs
c. complete; prototrophs
 d. complete; auxotrophs

14. During bacterial conjugation, bacteria use a long tubular structure called a ____ to transfer DNA. The genetic
information to produce this structure can be found directly in the ________.
a. flagellum; cytoplasm
b. flagellum; F factor plasmid
c. sex pilus; cell wall
d. sex pilus; F factor plasmid

15. For virulent phages, random fragments of the host DNA may be included in the heads as the viral particles
assemble, providing the basis for horizontal gene transfer of bacterial genes during the next cycle of
infection. This mechanism is termed ___________________.
a. conjugation
b. transmutation
c. transformation
d. generalized transduction
e. specialized transduction

16. Which of the following is the main difference between histones and nucleosomes?
a. Histones are proteins used to bind and wrap DNA into nucleosomes.
b. Histones are negatively charged proteins whereas nucleosomes are negatively charged DNA.
c. Histones are used to decondense DNA and nucleosomes are used for DNA replication.
d. Histones are used to breakdown DNA from nucleosomes.

17. A stem cell will divide __________ forming ___________.

a. asymmetically; 2 new stem cells
b. symmetrically; 2 new stem cells
c. asymmetically; one stem cell and one progenitor cell
d. symmetically; one stem cell and one progenitor cell

18. During apoptosis in C. elegans, ______ is inactivated thereby allowing for the activation of ______.
a. CED-9; CED-4
b. CED-4; CED-3
c. CED-3; CED9
d. CED-4; CED-9

19. Meiosis in animals allows for genetic recombination to occur between ___________ pairs of chromosomes
during _____.
a. nonhomologous; prophase I
b. nonhomologous; metaphase I
c. homologous; prophase I
d. homologous; metaphase I

20. After fertilization, the resulting zygote begins to divide by ______.

a. binary fission
b. mitosis
c. synapsis
d. meiosis
Answers:

1. A
2. D
3. A
4. B
5. D
6. A
7. C
8. A
9. B
10. A
11. C
12. D
13. D
14. D
15. D
16. A
17. C
18. A
19. C
20. B