ROV HIGH VOLTAGE ELECTRICAL

AND SAFETY AWARENESS

COURSE
COURSE OUTLINE:
BASIC ELECTRICAL THEORY
> REVIEW ON BASIC ELECTRICITY
- What is Electricity
- Static and Dynamic
- How it is generated
- Categories of electrical power
- AC
- DC
> ELECTRICAL NETWORK – Series, Parallel, Delta and Wye Connections
> ELECTRICAL HIGH VOLTAGE – IMCA Standard Definition for ROV
> REASONS FOR THE USE OF HIGH VOLTAGE SYSTEM
> ELECTRICAL HAZARDS
COURSE OUTLINE:
* SYSTEM ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS AND TEST EQUIPMENTS
> TEST EQUIPMENTS FAMILLIARIZATION
- High Voltage Detector
- Digital Multimeter
Voltmeter, Ammeter, Ohmmeter,
- Digital Clamp Multimeter
- Line Insulation Meter
COURSE OUTLINE:
* SYSTEM ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS AND TEST EQUIPMENTS
> ELECTRICAL SYSTEM COMPONENT
- GROUND FAULT INDICATOR/LINE INSULATION MONITOR - JUNCTION BOX
- SLIP RINGS - MOTORS
- FUSES - SLIP RINGS
- CABLES - CONTACTORS
- CURRENT AND VOLTAGE MONITORS - TRANSFOMER
- PHASE SEQUENCE MONITOR - LINE INSULATION
- CIRCUIT BREAKER
- RESIDUAL CURRENT DEVICE
- EARTH LEAKAGE CIRCUIT BREAKER
- EARTHS/GROUNDING
- BONDS
- SWITCH
COURSE OUTLINE:
* ROV ELECTRICAL SAFETY
- ROV Electrical System Layout
- Electricity and human Awareness
- PPE (Personal Protective Equipment)
- SAFETY PROCEDURE FOR ROV MAINTENANCE
* ISOLATION PROCEDURE
- LOTO (Lock Out Tag Out)
- Permit To Work
COURSE OUTLINE:
* ELECTRICAL SAFETY IN HAZARDOUS AREA
> CLASSIFICATION OF HAZARDOUS AREA
- Explosion Protection Classifications
- Ingress Protection Classifications
 REVIEW ON
BASIC ELECTRICAL
THEORY
BASIC ELECTRICITY
WHAT IS ELECTRICITY?

It is a physical phenomenon associated with stationary or moving charge

particles such as electrons, protons and ions.

HOW ELECTRICITY IS GENERATED

Electricity is generated in variety of ways such us friction, magnetism, chemical etc.

FRICTION – Rubbing two different materials creates charges of opposite polarities

and builds up static electricity
- Walking on a carpet on a dry environment creates static charge as
high as 25 kV.

MAGNETISM – Magnet creates electricity in the conductor by disrupting the

magnetic lines of force. The basis of electric generation into our
home

CHEMICAL – Chemical reaction such as batteries creates flow of electric current

BASIC ELECTRICITY
ELECTRIC CURRENT – Is the movement of electrical charge in a circuits. It is also the rate of flow
of electric charge in a point per unit of time.

Pushing the electrons to flow on a material needs a

VOLTAGE. A source of electromotive force to push
the electrons to move.
BASIC ELECTRICITY
ALTERNATING CURRENT VOLTAGE GENERATOR
BASIC ELECTRICITY
DIRECT CURRENT VOLTAGE GENERATOR
BASIC ELECTRICITY
THREE PHASE VERSUS SINGLE PHASE SYSTEM

3Ø 1Ø

VB
Y Connected
120
3Ø Delta Connected VC
VA
BASIC ELECTRICITY

Line 1
Three Phase
Power
Line 2

Line 3
BASIC ELECTRICITY
THREE PHASE DC RECTIFICATION

SINGLE PHASE HALF WAVE RECTIFICATION

SINGLE PHASE FULL WAVE RECTIFICATION

BASIC ELECTRICITY
Water Analogy

BASIC ELECTRICITY
BASIC ELECTRICITY
ELECTRICAL NETWORK
* SERIES CIRCUIT

IT
V1 V2 V3
BASIC ELECTRICITY
ELECTRICAL NETWORK
* PARALLEL CIRCUIT =

I1 V1

I2 V2

I3 V3

Vt=V1=V2=V3=VL
𝐼𝑇 = 𝐼1 + 𝐼2 + 𝐼3
1
𝑅𝑡 =
1 1 1
+ +
𝑅1 𝑅2 𝑅3
BASIC ELECTRICITY
ELECTRICAL NETWORK

𝑉∅ = 𝑉𝐿

𝐼𝐿
𝐼∅ =
3

DELTA CONNECTION
BASIC ELECTRICITY
ELECTRICAL NETWORK

𝑉𝐿
𝑉∅ =
3

𝑉∅
𝐼∅ = = 𝐼𝐿
𝑍∅

STAR OR WYE CONNECTION

BASIC ELECTRICITY
AC Systems vs. DC Systems

 DC System: Voltage, Current, and Resistance are in phase

I V V = R*I cos 
R Where:  = 0
Z=R
 AC System: Voltage, Current, and Impedance
IMPEDANCE TRIANGLE

XL
XL – XC= X Z = 𝑅2 + 𝑋 2
R
XL = 2fL 
XC
XC = 1/2fC
R
 BASIC ELECTRICITY
AC Systems vs. DC Systems Power

 DC systems power POWER TRIANGLE

 P = V*I
S = 𝑃2 + 𝑄2
 P = power in W, watts Q
 V = voltage in V, volts
 I = current in A, amps 

P
 AC systems power
 P = V*I cos  in W S = V*I = apparent power in VA Q = V*I sin = reactive power in VARS
 Where:
  = angle between V and I
 cos  = power factor, the value of which reduces the actual or real power of the source
ELECTRICITY an overview
OHMS LAW FORMULA:

The OHMS LAW Formula summarizes the POWER Pie Formula summarizes the relationship
relationship of Voltage, Current, and of Voltage, and Current
Resistance
 BASIC ELECTRICITY
OHMS LAW FORMULA:
Sample Problem:
1. How much voltage is available on the
ROV with 1000 feet of tether cable
using #22 AWG power cable and with
the following specifications:
ROV Power Reqt = 10 Watts @24Vdc
+/-10%
ROV Load Current = 0.417 Ampere
Tether Power Cable = 300 mtr, #22AWG
Cable Resistance = 8.166 /300 m
Tether cable Total Resistance:
RT = R1 + R2
= 8.166 + 8.166
= 32.664 Ohms
Cable Voltage Drop: Supply Voltage Available To ROV ROV Power Available
VD = VR1 + VR2 VROV = 24 – 13.82 PL = VD * IL
= (8.166*0.417)+(8.166*0.417) = 17.19 VDC = 17.19 * 0.417
= 3.405 + 3.405 = (17.19/24)*100% = 71.62% = 7.16 Watts
= 6.81 Vdc % Loss = 100% - 71.621%
= 28.375%
 BASIC ELECTRICITY an overview
OHMS LAW FORMULA: INCREASING THE TETHER CABLE
Sample Problem: AWG # TO A LOWER VALUE
1. How much voltage is available on the
ROV with 1000 feet of tether cable
using #22 AWG power cable and with
the following specifications:
ROV Power Reqt = 10 Watts @24Vdc
+/-10%
ROV Load Current = 0.417 Ampere
Tether Power Cable = #12 AWG
AWG #12 = 0.268 ohms /300 m..
Tether cable Total Resistance:
RT = R1 + R2
= 0.268 + 0.268
= 0.536 Ohms
Cable Voltage Drop: Supply Voltage Available To ROV ROV Power Available
VD = VR1 + VR2 VROV = 24 – 0.2246 PL = VD * IL
= (0.268*0.417)+(0.268*0.417) = 23.777 V = 23.777 * 0.417
= 0.112 + 0.112 = 23.777/24*100% = 99.07% = 9.915 Watts
= 0.224 Volts % Loss = 100% - 99.07%
= 0.929%
 BASIC ELECTRICITY an overview
INCREASE THE ROV SUPPLY
OHMS LAW FORMULA:
VOLTAGE
Sample Problem:
1. How much voltage is available on the
ROV with 1000 feet of tether cable
using #22 AWG power cable and with
the following specifications:
ROV Power Reqt = 10 Watts @360Vdc
ROV Load Current = 0.028 Amperes
Tether Power Cable = #22 AWG
AWG #22 = 8.166 ohms /1000 ft.

Tether cable Total Resistance:

RT = R1 + R2
= 8.166 + 8.166
= 16.332 Ohms Supply Voltage Available To ROV Power Loss
Cable Voltage Drop: VROV = 360 – 0.457 PL = VD * IL
VD = VR1 + VR2 = 359.54 Volts = 0.457*0.028
= (8.166*0.028)+(8.166*0.028) = 359.54/360 *100% = 99.87% = 0.013 Watts
= 0.229 + 0.229 % Loss = 100% - 99.87
= 0.457 Volts = 0.127%
WHY DO WE USE HIGH VOLTAGE
* TECHNICALLY
- TO REDUCE POWER LOSS ON THE LOAD (ROV)
- TO IMPROVE ROV FLYING DUE TO REDUCE WEIGHT OF THE TETHER CABLE

* ECONOMICALLY
- REDUCE COST BECAUSE OF SMALL CABLE NEEDED
ELECTRICAL
SAFETY
ELECTRICAL SAFETY
BASIC ELECTRICITY
ROV Electrical System Layout Ship’s PS/Generator
Hydraulic Power
Power Distribution
Unit Unit

ROV SHACK

ROV Shack
4,160Vac

ROV Deck
 Definition of High Voltage

As defined by
International Marine Contractors Association
(IMCA)
Approach/ Protection Boundaries

The National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) has developed specific approach
boundaries designed to protect employees while working on or near energized
equipment. These boundaries are:
 Approach/ Protection Boundaries
 The risk from exposed live parts depends on your distance from the parts.
Three “boundaries” are key to protecting yourself from electric shock and
one to protect you from arc flashes or blasts.
 The limited approach boundary is the closest an unqualified person can approach,
unless a qualified person accompanies you.
 The restricted approach boundary is the closest to exposed live parts that a qualified
person can go without proper PPE (such as, flame-resistant clothing) and insulated
tools.
 The prohibited approach boundary—the most serious—is the distance you must stay
from exposed live parts to prevent flashover or arcing in air. Get any closer and it's like
direct contact with a live part.
 The flash protection boundary is where you need PPE to prevent incurable burns, if
there’s an arc flash.
 HIGH VOLTAGE ELECTRICAL HAZARDS

• ELECTRIC SHOCK
• ARC FLASH
• ARC BLAST
CURRENT PATHWAYS
ELECTRIC ARC
A LUMINOUS DISCHARGE OF CURRENT
THAT IS FORMED WHEN A STRONG
CURRENT JUMPS A GAP IN A CIRCUIT
OR BETWEEN TWO ELECTRODES.

Electrical Hazards

• Arc Flash
• Arc Blast
ARC FLASH
An arc flash (also called
a flashover), is the result of a
rapid release of energy due to
an arcing fault between a
phase bus bar and another
phase bus bar, neutral or a
ground. During an arc fault the
air is the conductor. Arc faults
are generally limited to systems
where the bus voltage is in
excess of 120 volts.
Hazard Risk Categories as outlined in NFPA 70E are as follows:
 ARC FLASH
CAUSES:
 Sparks due to breaks or gaps in the insulation
 Equipment failure due to use of substandard parts, improper installation,
or even normal wear and tear
 Dust, corrosion or other impurities on the surface of the conductor
EFFECT/INJURIES:
 Skin burns by direct heat exposure. Arc flash generates large amounts of
heat that can severely burn human skin and set clothing on fire.
Temperatures at the arc can reach four times the temperature of the
Sun's surface.
 High-intensity flash can also cause damage to eyesight
ARC BLAST
It happens when the high arc
temperature vaporizes the conductors
in an explosive change in state from
solid to vapour.
It is accompanied by a loud sound.
 EFFECT/INJURIES OF ARC BLAST
 Large shock waves that can blow personnel off their feet
 Loss of memory or brain function from concussion
 Hearing loss from ruptured eardrums. The sound associated with
the blast can greatly exceed the sound of a jet engine
 Exposure risks from flying debris. For example, shrapnel wounds
from metal parts
 Shock hazard due to touching energized conductors
 Other physical injuries from being blown off ladders, into walls, etc.
 PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE)

• HEAD PROTECTION
• BODY/ ARM PROTECTION
• HAND PROTECTION
• FOOT PROTECTION
HEAD PROTECTION

Protective hats for head protection

against impact blows must be able to
withstand penetration and absorb the
shock of a blow. In some cases, hats should
also protect against electric shock.

• Class A - general service, limited

voltage protection;
• Class B - utility service, high-voltage
protection; and
• Class C - special service, no voltage
protection.
 HAND PROTECTION
PROTECTIVE RUBBER LEATHER PROTECTOR
INSULATING GLOVES CLASSES ACCORDING TO GLOVES
VOLTAGE APPLICATION
CLASS 00 - 500 VOLTS (MAX)
CLASS 0 - 1000 VOLTS (MAX)
CLASS 1 - 7500 VOLTS (MAX)
CLASS 2 - 17 000 VOLTS (MAX)
CLASS 3 - 26 500 VOLTS (MAX)
CLASS 4 - 36 000 VOLTS (MAX)

PROTECTION FROM
COLD/ PERSPIRATION

LINERS OR KNITTED GLOVES

BODY PROTECTION
Arc-Rated Clothing

• Arc-rated clothing fabric is subjected to a series of arc

flashes to determine how much energy it can block before it
is likely to cause the wearer a 2nd degree burn 50% of the
time.
• The higher the arc rating value, the greater the protection.
• According to all current standards for arc flash protection
clothing must be flame resistant to qualify for arc rating.

EMB = 1038.7 DB-1.4738 × tA [0.0093 F2 0.3453 F + 5.9673]

where
EMB= arc flash energy
DB = working distance
tA = duration of the arc
F = short-circuit (or fault) current.
 FOOT PROTECTION
Safety shoes should
be sturdy and have an
impact-resistant toe. In
some shoes, metal insoles
protect against puncture
wounds. Safety shoes
come in a variety of styles
and materials, such as
leather and rubber boots,
oxfords, and even tennis
shoe models.
ELECTRICAL TEST
EQUIPMENT
QUALIFICATION OF TEST EQUIPMENT
1. Must be within calibration standard.
2. Must be suitable to the environment you will be using.
3. Suitably rated to the voltages, currents that may be
present on the system under test.
4. Must be tested prior to use in the system under test.
HIGH VOLTAGE DETECTOR
LINE INSULATION/CONTINUITY TESTER
The Line Insulation Tester is an
special kind of continuity tester
by applying simulated voltage
twice of its rating to test
insulation resistance. A leakage
resistance below the publish
specification is not acceptable.
Insulation Resistance Of A Motor Winding
MULTIMETER WITH CLAMP-ON AMMETER
DIGITAL MULTI METER

A Digital MultiMeter is a multi-purpose

test instrument to test voltage, current,
and resistance.
Some DMM can able to test
capacitance, frequency and diode
test.
 ELECTRICAL
SYSTEM
COMPONENT
OHMMETER An electrical Ohmeter is
an instrument use to
measure high amount of
resistance or insulation
resistance.

The Ohmmeter is
connected across the
un-powered circuit to
determine the amount
of resistance
AMMETER The ammeter is use to measure the amount of
current flowing in the circuit. It is usually
connected in series of the circuit.

A variation of
ammeter is the
clamp ammeter
which measures
current by
clamping one
wire.
VOLTMETER
An electrical instrument use to
measure power supply voltage.

Specific function is to monitor

the supply voltage to your
system load such your ROV.
LINE INSULATION MONITOR
PHASE SEQUENCE
DETECTOR
An electrical instrument use to check the
phase sequence of a three phase power
supply voltage

Use to check phase voltage applied to a

three phase motor preventing incorrect
rotational direction.
CIRCUIT BREAKER

It is an automatically-operated switch design

to protect an electrical circuit from damage
caused by overload or short circuit.
EARTH LEAKAGE CIRCUIT BREAKER (ELCB)

A device to protect personnel from electric shock due to

leakage current from supply line to the equipment frame.
FUSE
CABLE
CABLE GLAND
A device designed to permit the
entry of cable in to electrical
equipment which provide sealing,
retention and earthing, bonding,
grounding, insulation, strain relief
or combination.
BONDING/EARTHING GROUNDING
It means connecting the dead part (it
means the part which does not carries
current under normal condition) to the
earth for example electrical equipment’s
frames, enclosures, supports etc.

It is act of joining two electrical

conductors together.
SWITCH
A device use to open or close a contact.
Normally Open (NO)

PUSH BUTTON

Normally Close (NC)

SWITCH
SELECTOR SWITCH
CONTACTORS Accessories
MAGNETIC CONTACTOR

AUXILLARY
CONTACTS

A1 1 3 5 21 13

A2 2 4 6 22 14

COIL
POWER
CONTACTS
TIME DELAY RELAY
DELAY SWITCH/ TIMER
Use to delay switching condition
such as 3 Phase motor .
Example:
1. Y to Delta
2. Y to Double Y connection
TR
55 56

67 68

ON/OFF
DELAY TIMER
CONTACTORS Accessories
Thermal Overload Relay
Typical use is monitoring motor
overload condition (over
current) where bimetallic device
bends to activate trip condition.
NC contact will open and NO
contact will closed.

2 4 6
THERMAL OVERLOAD

1 3 5
95 97

2 4 6 96 98
BIMETALIC STRIP OL CONTACTS
TRANSFORMER
MOTORS
SLIP RING
A slip ring is an
electromechanical device
that allows the transmission of
power and electrical signals
from a stationary to a rotating
structure.
ROV ELECTRICAL SAFETY
PROCEDURE
GENERAL POLICY
• Safely and securely isolated, in line with procedures e.g. A
‘permit to work’ or ‘lock out – tag out’ system.

• Proved dead (at the point of work) with a certified voltage

tester prior to applying circuit earth (voltage tester to be
checked on a proving unit prior to and immediately after
test ).
• Where practical (or where it is necessary to comply with
local rules), it is recommended that conductors are
immediately earthed.
ISOLATION PROCEDURE
ISOLATION PROCEDURE
ISOLATION PROCEDURE
ISOLATION PROCEDURE
ISOLATION PROCEDURE
ISOLATION PROCEDURE
 PERMIT-TO-WORK
• THE PERSON THE PERMIT IS ADDRESSED TO, IE THE
LEADER OF THE GROUP OR WORKING IN PARTY,
WHO WILL BE PRESENT THROUGHOUT THE WORK;
• THE EXACT EQUIPMENT WHICH HAS BEEN MADE
DEAD AND ITS PRECISE LOCATION
• THE POINTS OF ISOLATION
• WHERE THE CONDUCTORS ARE EARTHED
• WHERE WARNING NOTICES ARE POSTED AND
SPECIAL SAFETY LOCKS FITTED
• THE NATURE OF THE WORK TO BE CARRIED OUT
• THE PRESENCE OF ANY OTHER SOURCE OF
HAZARD, WITH CROSS-REFERENCE TO OTHER
RELEVANT PERMITS;
• FURTHER PRECAUTIONS TO BE TAKEN DURING THE
COURSE OF THE WORK.
EXAMPLE OF PERMIT-TO-WORK
EXAMPLE OF PERMIT-TO-WORK
LOCK OUT AND TAG SYSTEM
LOCK-OUT/TAG-OUT

It is a placement of a lock or tag

on an energy-isolating device in
accordance with an established
procedure, indicating that the
energy-isolating device is not to be
operated until removal of the lock
or tag in accordance with an
established procedure.
DEVICES USE FOR LOCK-OUT TAG-OUT

SET OF LOCKS

TAG
WARNING NOTICES
"DO NOT SWITCH ON - MEN WORKING ON EQUIPMENT“

"DANGER - HIGH VOLTAGE TEST AREA“

"WARNING - WORK ON HIGH VOLTAGE CIRCUITS IN

PROGRESS".
ELECTRICAL SAFETY IN
HAZARDOUS AREA
Hazardous Area
Areas where the possibility or risk of fire or explosion might occur due
to an explosive atmosphere and/or mixture.
Assessing The Risk

Identifying hazardous or non-hazardous areas should be carried out in a

systematic way. Risk assessment should be used to determine if hazardous areas
exist and to then assign zones to those areas. The assessment should consider
such matters as:

(a) The hazardous properties of the dangerous substances involved;

(b) The amount of dangerous substances involved;
(c) The work processes, and their interactions, including any cleaning, repair or
maintenance activities that will be carried out;
(d) The temperatures and pressures at which the dangerous substances will be
handled;
(e) The containment system and controls provided to prevent liquids, gases,
vapours or dusts escaping into the general atmosphere of the workplace;
(f) Any explosive atmosphere formed within an enclosed plant or storage
vessel; and,
(g) Any measures provided to ensure that any explosive atmosphere does not
persist for an extended time, e.g. ventilation.
CLASSIFICATION OF HAZARDOUS AREA
END