BUILDING

TECHNOLOGY 1

Presented by: Team Kopiko

"FASTENERS, ADHESIVES AND SEALANTS"

FASTENERS

01 The term fasteners encompasses a fairly broad

category of tools, such as screws, nuts and bolts,
that share a common purpose
SCREWS FASTENERS
Screw fasteners are one of the most versatile types
of fasteners out there.

WOOD SCREWS DECK SCREWS DRYWALL SCREWS SHEET METAL SCREWS

MACHINE SCREWS MASONRY SCREWS MDF SCREWS

NAILS FASTENERS
Nails have been used since ancient times, and they
are still an everyday household item

COMMON NAILS BOX NAILS BRAD NAILS FINISHING NAILS

DRYWALL NAILS FLOORING NAILS FRAMING NAILS ROOFING NAILS

BOLTS, NUTS AND WASHERS FASTENERS
Nuts and bolts are another common type of fastener.
These two pieces work in tandem to hold components
together.

CARRIAGE BOLTS FLANGE BOLTS HEX-HEAD BOLTS FLANGE NUTS

COUPLING NUTS HEX-HEAD NUTS FLAT WASHERS STRUCTURAL WASHERS

ANCHORS FASTENERS
Generally, people use these fasteners to connect
something to a material like drywall or concrete.

INTERNALLY THREADED SCREW ANCHORS HOLLOW WALL ANCHORS

ANCHORS

SLEEVE ANCHORS DRIVE ANCHORS

RIVETS FASTENERS
A rivet creates a permanent joint between two objects.
They consist of a cylindrical shaft with a head on one end
and a tail on the other.

BLIND RIVETS SEMI-TUBULAR RIVETS SOLID RIVETS

SPLIT RIVETS DRIVE RIVETS

COMPOSITION AND PROCESS PRODUCTION
OF THE MATERIAL
"FASTENERS, ADHESIVES AND SEALANTS"

FASTENERS

01 Manufactured in a wide range of materials from

common steel to titanium, plastic and other exotic
materials.
 FASTENERS

DIFFERENT MATERIALS/ COMPOSITION

STAINLESS STEEL STEEL ALLOY STEEL

Is an alloy of low carbon steel Most common fastener Made from a high strength
and chromium for enhanced material steel alloy and are further heat
corrosion characteristics. treated.
 FASTENERS

DIFFERENT MATERIALS/ COMPOSITION

SILICONE BRONZE BRASS ALUMINUM

An alloy made mostly of An alloy of primarily copper Is a light, soft, corrosion
copper and tin with a small and zinc. resistant metal.
amount of silicon.
 FASTENERS
MORE OPTIONS, COATINGS

ZINC PLATING HOT DIP GALVANIZING CHROME

shiny, silvery or golden puts the thickest possible provides similar corrosion
appearance, referred to as clear coating on the metal, resulting in resistance to zinc plating.
or yellow zinc respectively. superior corrosion resistance.
 FASTENERS
MAIN MANUFACTURING PROCESSES FOR SCREWS, BOLTZ, AND
NUTS PRODUCTION

MANUFACTURING METHODS

COLD FORGING HOT FORGING

01 This method enables the high- 02 Hot forging is the common
speed manufacture of net method for producing bolts
shape parts or near net shape with large diameters
parts with favorable
mechanical properties and a
high-quality surface finish.

MAIN MANUFACTURING PROCESSES FOR SCREWS, BOLTZ, AND
NUTS PRODUCTION
MACHINING
03
A manufacturing technique
in which a metal is cut into a
desired final shape and size
by a controlled material-
removal process.
MANUFACTURING METHODS
THREAD FORMING
04 05
Cold forming process: it
generates smooth, precise, and
uniform external threads,
without altering the integrity
of the microstructure.
FASTENERS
HEAT AND SURFACE
TREATMENT
A manufacturing technique
in which a metal is cut into a
desired final shape and size
by a controlled material-
removal process.
ADVANTAGE OF FASTENERS FASTENERS

Weight reduction in the component is typically achieved.

Ability to join high-strength steel up to a tensile strength of Rm = 1500 MPa.
Minimum space requirements are needed within the tool.
Tool maintenance is easy and simple.
Capable of joining a wide range of sheet metal thickness with only one nut
type t = 0.5 to 5mm.
All surface-coated sheet metal panels are feasible.
Easy and simple installation in every work direction.

DISADVANTAGE OF FASTENERS FASTENERS

Extra weight is added to the components.

Bond lines are obvious.
They require holes that weaken the components.
They carry all load at specific points, which contributes to fatigue.
Difficulty of refastening
Corrosion
Force precision.

 FASTENERS
SAMPLE APPLICATION OF THE MATERIAL

FASTENERS are used to mechanically join two or more objects together,

either permanently or non-permanently.

Joining wood
Assembling ironwork to wood
Fastening flooring boards
Wooden partitions
Fastening hardware (hinges, locks, catches) to wood
Joining wood in heavy wood construction
Fastening heavy wood structures to iron constructions
Connection of parts on iron construction
"FASTENERS, ADHESIVES AND SEALANTS"

ADHESIVES
02 Are non-metallic materials used to join surfaces
permanently through an adhesive process.
 ADHESIVES

MAIN TYPE OF ADHESIVE:

HOT MELT ACRYLIC EPOXY RESIN ANAEROBIC

ADHESIVES ADHESIVES ADHESIVES ADHESIVES
COMPOSITION AND PROCESS PRODUCTION
OF THE MATERIAL
"FASTENERS, ADHESIVES AND SEALANTS"

ADHESIVES

02 Adhesive formulation will depend on the base

materials and requirements of a particular
application.
 ADHESIVES

COMPOSITION OF ADHESIVE

Primary resins
Solvents
Fillers
Plasticizers
Thickeners
Thixotropic agents
Film formers
Antioxidants
Antifungal agents
Emulsifiers
Wetting agents
 ADHESIVES

HOW ADHESIVE ARE MADE?

To transform these into an adhesive, they are first washed and

soaked. This stock is cooked in water, cooled and re-cooked to
break down the collagen into raw glue. Chemicals, such as
hydrochloric acid remove impurities in the final stages. Further
heating or drying brings the glue to a specific viscosity.
 ADHESIVES
EXAMPLES OF DIFFERENT
PRODUCTION OF ADHESIVE

MAKING HIDE OR SKIN GLUE CEMENT MANUFACTURING PROCESS

01 02
ADVANTAGE OF ADHESIVES ADHESIVES

Provides a large stress-bearing area.

Improved joint stiffness due to continuous bond area rather than point
contact as in mechanical fastening.
Provides excellent fatigue strength.
Damps vibration and absorbs shock.
Minimizes or prevents galvanic corrosion between dissimilar metals.
Joins all shapes and thicknesses.
Provides smooth contours. .
Seals joints.

DISADVANTAGE OF ADHESIVES ADHESIVES

Surface must be carefully cleaned.

Long cure times may be needed.
Limitation on upper continuous operating temperature (generally 175–200 °C).
Heat and pressure may be required for cure.
Jigs and fixtures may be required.
Rigid process control usually necessary.
Inspection of finished joint is difficult.
Useful life depends on the service environment.

 ADHESIVES
SAMPLE APPLICATION OF THE MATERIAL

ADHESIVES can be defined as non-metallic materials capable of joining

permanently to surfaces by an adhesive process.

Ceramic tile installation

Countertop lamination
Manufacture of prefabricated beams and trusses
Carpet adhesives
Flooring underlayment adhesives
Installation of prefinished panels
Joint cements
Drywall lamination adhesives and covering
installations.
"FASTENERS, ADHESIVES AND SEALANTS"

SEALANTS
03 Used in construction to prevent fluids and other
substances from passing through material surfaces,
joints, or openings.
 SEALANTS

MOST COMMON TYPES OF SEALANTS

LATEX ACRYLIC BUTYL POLYSULFIDE

SILICONE POLYURETHANE POLYISOBUTYLENE

COMPOSITION AND PROCESS PRODUCTION
OF THE MATERIAL
"FASTENERS, ADHESIVES AND SEALANTS"

SEALANTS

03 Sealants are either hot melts or solvent based and

prepared mainly from S–EB–S block copolymers.
 SEALANTS

COMPOSITION OF SEALANTS

Diblock polymers
Resins
Plasticizers
Fillers
 SEALANTS
EXAMPLE OF SEALANT(SLILICONE)

Production Process of making silicone sealant

A. Basic material production system

B. Basic material milling system

C. Silicone sealant making system

D. Packing system
ADVANTAGE OF SEALANTS SEALANTS

Not having great strength

A sealant may be viscous material that has little or no flow characteristics
They can be thin and runny so as to allow it to penetrate the substrate by
means of capillary action.
DISADVANTAGE OF SEALANTS SEALANTS

They seal top structures to the substrate

They are particularly effective in waterproofing processes by keeping
moisture out (or in) the components in which they are used.
They can provide thermal and acoustical insulation, and may serve as fire
barriers.

 SEALANTS
SAMPLE APPLICATION OF THE MATERIAL

SEALANTS are employed to connect and join the various parts and
materials to the main structure and to themselves.

Sandwich panels
Windows and doors (made of metals, wood,
PVC, etc.)
Prefabricated concrete slabs for floors and
exterior walls, etc.
 TEAM KOPIKO

LEADER: BAUTISTA, AARON JACOB

MEMBERS:
BANQUIL, CIELO ELMYN
BUENAVENTURA, ARABELLA
BUENAVENTURA, JAN LIMMUEL
CABATUANDO, JOYCE
CACHO, ALEXIE
CALARANAN, MARIELLE
CASTELLO, RACHELLE ANN
CORPUZ, JEROME
CRUDA, CIARALENE
CRUZ, KYLA
REFERENCES:
https://www.ny-engineers.com/blog/types-of-sealants-used-in-construction
https://adhesives.specialchem.com/selection-guide/sealants-for-building-and-construction
https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Sealants_in_construction
https://www.builderspace.com/types-of-adhesives-used-in-
construction#:~:text=Adhesives%20are%20non%2Dmetallic%20materials,across%20a%20joint%20cost%2Deffectively.
https://allpointsfasteners.com/blog/types-of-fasteners.html
https://www.ny-engineers.com/blog/types-of-sealants-used-in-construction
https://www.boltdepot.com/fastener-information/materials-and-grades/materials.aspx
https://www.fastenersinc.com/fastener-materials-what-are-bolts-and-screws-made-
from/#:~:text=Fasteners%20can%20be%20made%20from%20different%20aluminum%20alloys%2C%20with%20elements,as%20the%20prima
ry%20alloying%20element.
https://www.expometals.net/en-gb/metal-working-basics/fastener-manufacturing-the-basics
https://www.globalspec.com/reference/63419/203279/chapter-9-adhesive-composition-and-formulation
https://patents.google.com/patent/US20060270785
https://studentlesson.com/mechanical-fasteners-definition-applications-function-materials-and-types-advantages-and-
disadvantages/#google_vignette
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/chemistry/adhesive-bonding
https://sdelalremont.ru/en/vidy-germetikov-pravilnyj-vybor-svojstva-germetika.html
https://www.boltdepot.com/fastener-information/materials-and-grades/materials.aspx
https://adhesives.specialchem.com/selection-guide/sealants-for-building-and-construction
https://industrial.bostik.com/door-window-sealant-
technologies/#:~:text=Polyurethane%20sealants%20for%20door%20and,and%20contract%20as%20temperatures%20fluctuate.
https://www.rampfesthudson.com/what-is-the-best-sealant-for-concrete-
slabs/#:~:text=Epoxy%20concrete%20sealers%20are%20the,residential%20concrete%20floors%2C%20including%20basements.