IS THE STUDY OF THE

RELATIONSHIPS AMONG
GREEK WORD ”OIKOS” LIVING ORGANISMS,
WHICH MEAN “HOUSE’ INCLUDING HUMANS
Lesson 1
AND THEIR PHYSICAL
ENVIRONMENT

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ECOSYSTEM
ECO” refers to
§ “
environment Collection of
communities
§ “SYSTEM” refers to a
of organisms
collection of related parts and the
that works as a whole environment
in which they
§ Structural unit of Ecology live
(Smith and Smith, 2014)
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 § Ecosystem is a major §The relative
structural and
functional unit of amount of energy
ecology required to
maintain an
§ The structure of an ecosystem
ecosystem is related to
its species diversity depends on its
structure

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§Ecosystems
mature by
passing from
fewer complexes
to more complex
states

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§The function of the

ecosystem is related to
energy flow in material
cycling through and within
the system
§Both environment and the
energy fixation in any given
ecosystem are limited
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 §Alterations in the
environment represent
selective pressures
upon the population to
which it must adjust

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§The smallest unit

of classification
for biological
organisms

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§Groups of
§ Species that are alike individuals of any
in structure and one kind of
functions. organism living
§ Individual of the together within a
same species that particular
can breed with each geographic area.
other

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 COMMUNITY
§ All the population of different species that share an
area

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Ecosystems
around the
planet with
similar § All ecosystem of the
Earth
characteristics

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§ Describes the functional

§ The place where an organism
can meet the need of specific
conditions to survive and
reproduce
§ The structure of a habitat
describes the shape, size and
placement of abiotic and biotic
features of an ecosystem
position of an organism in the
environment
§ A niche comprises
§ The habitat in which the
organism lives
ECOLOGICAL NICHE
§ The organism’s activity
pattern: the period of
time during which it is
active
§ The resources it obtains
from the habitat

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 Niche Habitat
§ The role an organism §Place where an
plays in the organism lives
environment

§ (Its ‘”job’ in the

community)

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ECOSYSTEM CHANGE
§ Its an event that cause
disturbances that alter the
structure and function of
ecosystems

§ This will cause changes with the

species present in the
ecosystem, the size and stability
of populations, and area where
communities are located

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FACTORS AFFECTING
ECOSYSTEM CHANGES
§Overexploitation THE TALE OF SINARAPAN
AND TILAPIA
§Introduction of
invasive fish Overfishing
Pollution (Tilapia fish cages)
§Pollution

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 Humans are sustained by
ecosystems, but we have
to design systems that
allow for the continued
use of the products and
services of ecosystem

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§ Elements of Ecology, 9th Edition,

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